Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social participation'
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1
Zhghenti, N. "Social Movement Participation and Social Protest in Georgia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/259780.
Abstract:
There is a long-lasting debate on reasons and causes of social movement participation. Scholars suggest different explanations from the perspective of one or another theory. However, the theoretical and empirical fact is that there is a dearth of sociological literature on systematic, integrated approach covering multiple factors from different levels of movement participation. To address this problem and contribute to the comprehensive multifactored Model, the objective of this paper is to develop a Model of movement participation, which is based on theoretical and empirical analysis. In the framework of this paper a Model of movement participation is developed which further is tested in Georgian social protests in a particular period. In this way the generated and further developed Model is not only analyzed in context of the corresponding literature but also examined in a practical setting. Due to novelty of the study, qualitative approach has been applied. Overall, research proved theoretical and empirical application of the Model(s). The study is an important contribution to the sociological literature on social movements.
2
Côté, Gilles. "La participation des acteurs sociaux à l'évaluation et au suivi des impacts environnementaux et sociaux : le cas du complexe industriel d'Alcan à Alma /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Rimouski : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi ;. Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2004. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Abstract:
Thèse (D.D.R.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, conjointement avec l'Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2004.Bibliogr.: f. [363]-377. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
3
KOUTSOGEORGOU, ELENI. "SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND SOCIAL PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN WITH DISABILITY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/640911.
Abstract:
Aim: The aim of this study was to explore structural, functional, and cognitive characteristics of social relationships of women across and within three types of disability, as well as aspects of their social participation in the wider community – barriers and facilitators of their social and physical environment in that respect. The three types of disability explored were: sensory (deafness), physical (inability to move lower limbs), and mental (psychotic disorder).
Methods: In the study participated 30 women – 10 per type of disability – aged 22-44, living in the metropolitan area of Milan (Italy), and having at least one role of relative autonomy. Qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted. All interviews were held in Italian language [or Italian Sign Language (LIS) for six deaf participants], and were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was conducted using the template analysis technique of thematic analysis. Comparisons within and across the three types of disability were performed as well.
Main findings: The findings highlighted barriers that women with disability face within their social and physical environment. In specific, it emerged that women with mental disability faced prejudice, discrimination, stigmatisation, and/or lack of empathy towards them from other people of the wider population which hinder their social participation. All women with physical disability faced barriers to social participation related to numerous accessibility hindrances of the physical environment, and most of them had also faced prejudice and mentality barriers towards them from persons of the wider population. Women with sensory disability encountered mostly barriers for social participation related to lack of resources for communication with people of the general population, whether in private or public places, when there is no sign language interpreter or subtitles, while they have also limited opportunities for employment compared to hearing persons. From comparison across types of disability various common patterns emerged. Women with mental disability appeared to have the lowest level of social participation, whereas women with physical disability the highest.
Conclusion: It appears compelling to focus on the exploration of aspects of the social relationships and social participation of persons with disability since the barriers they face relevantly are numerous, multi-faceted and related to their personal and social development. The biopsychosocial model of health and disability could be employed towards the goal of full social inclusion.
4
Di, Gennaro Corinna. "Social capital and political participation in Britain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410775.
5
Scott, Clare. "Emotion processing and social participation following stroke." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158463.
Abstract:
This thesis explores the links between emotion processing and social participation in the acute and chronic phases of stroke. Three aspects of emotion processing are examined: 1) Emotion Perception 2) Emotion Regulation 3) Depression and Anxiety. Social Participation refers to engagement in life situations including a range of social activities and social networks. Stroke survivors are known to experience a reduction in social participation, independently of activity limitations. The current research tests the hypothesis that impairments in any of the aspects of emotion processing may affect social participation. Previous research has established that following stroke, difficulties in emotion perception and depression and anxiety occur, but there is little research on post stroke emotion regulation difficulties. While the link between post stroke depression and anxiety and social participation has been explored, this is not the case with emotion perception or emotion regulation. In a pilot study, emotion processing and social participation measures were administered to stroke patients. Emotion processing difficulties were shown to occur in stroke survivors and were significantly correlated with social participation. In the main study participants’ emotion processing, social participation and activity limitations were assessed at 2 and 18 months post stroke. In the acute phase, all three aspects of emotion processing correlated with social participation, but only emotion regulation predicted social participation restrictions independently of activity limitations. In the chronic phase, emotion processing correlated with social participation, with emotion regulation and depression predicting social participation independently of activity limitations. Further analyses revealed acute phase problems with emotion perception predicted chronic phase social participation limitations, while acute phase social participation restrictions predicted chronic phase depression and emotion regulation. These findings highlight the importance of the links between emotion processing and social participation post stroke. Future research priorities in this field are outlined.
6
Carr, Jenni. "Discourses of widening participation and social inclusion." Thesis, Open University, 2006. http://oro.open.ac.uk/21326/.
Abstract:
This thesis explores the relationship between policies and initiatives designed to widen participation in post-compulsory learning and notions of social inclusion. Whilst both widening participation and social inclusion can be viewed as distinct policy areas, the focus for this research are the links between the two, the impact that these links have on the development of specific education policy initiatives and what that means for those implicated in these initiatives. This thesis begins with an examination of the way in which notions of social exclusion, lifelong learning and widening participation are constructed in policy texts and practices. I argue that dominant discourses of social inclusion, which emphasise equality of opportunity brought about through participation in paid employment, lead to an under-valuing in policy terms of learning programmes that seek to promote the wider benefits of learning. I also argue, however, that the potential exists for practitioners and learners to resist and subvert these dominant discourses. Drawing on the work of Bacchi (2002) I highlight how, through theorising the ‘spaces for challenge’, analysts can examine processes of micromanipulation – the unique ways in which marginalised people or groups raise problems or attempt to influence any agenda. Adopting a Foucauldian genealogical approach I explore the ways in which a specific widening participation initiative, that of Adult Learners’ Week (ALW), has been used by practitioners to both engage potential learners and influence Government policy. The range of data drawn on includes archive material relating to the ALW initiative; policy texts and documents; interviews with practitioners and learners involved with ALW and other widening participation initiatives; and, participant and non-participant observations of interactions between practitioners involved in planning for and delivering ALW. In this thesis I use the ALW themes of ‘Community, Culture and Citizenship’, ‘Equality and Diversity’ and ‘Skills for Life’ to explore examples of micromanipulation identified in the analysis of these data. This thesis concludes with reflections on the usefulness of adopting a genealogical approach and a discussion of the lessons that can be learned from the examples of micromanipulations discussed, including the challenges to widening participation that persist.
7
Clark, W. Andrew, Peter Hriso, and Craig A. Turner. "Encouraging Student Participation In Social Entrepreneurship Opportunities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2498.
Abstract:
Social entrepreneurs utilize the traits of commercial entrepreneurs; organizational abilities, opportunity identification, combining resources in novel ways, willingness to accept and manage risk and explosive growth or returns, to create enterprises that return high social value. As educators, we see opportunities where entrepreneurial skills can be applied to education, not-for-profit organizations, government offices and programs and philanthropic concerns and create service learning opportunities for students beyond the boundaries of the university. Many of us involved in higher education are frustrated with students who do not attend class, turn in assignments late or exhibit a lack of effort in classes where they pay tuition and receive a grade. It is a challenge, therefore, to gain the involvement of students in social entrepreneurship efforts where the reward (grade, pay or recognition) is not immediate or minimal and the trade-off (time management for their schedule) may be more fun or financially rewarding. This paper discusses the evolution for the process of enlisting student involvement in two distinct social entrepreneurship programs at our university.
The first program involves linking university skill sets in the arts, digital media, technology and project management to the planning, implementation and evaluation of a regional arts and music festival held in the city where our university operates. Students involved in this social entrepreneurial venture work with community volunteers, city government officials and local business owners for a period of nine to ten months. In the first two years of sponsoring this program the strategy has evolved from enlisting the help of a student technology club (Edge Club, Digital Media) to working with a small volunteer student team (3 to 4 students). In each case, the organization or student team that worked on the project received no academic credit for the work involved beyond enhancement of their resume. Initial enthusiasm was high but tended to decline as the time horizon for finishing the project extended beyond the current semester and other activities or demands competed for the students’ participation.
The second program also utilizes a student organization (Students In Free Enterprise, SIFE) to work on social entrepreneurship projects. In SIFE we have found that the students prefer projects that entail an afternoon of preparation for a short presentation, or service within a 3-4 day period. In that this group is involved in a “competition” with SIFE teams from other institutions at the end of the year, it is important that they seek projects that will differentiate themselves. The short-term projects that they prefer do little to accomplish this differentiation. The projects that truly differentiate are those that require a high degree of preparation for an event that culminates at the end of the semester, or even the following year.
To that end, all students of this select team are required to create a long-term project that they will spearhead throughout the year. This leads to an escalation of commitment due to their “ownership” of that project. They are also required to assist another team member on their long-term project. Their efforts on these projects tend to be greater in that they realize that the other members will be assisting them on their project and they want to receive a conscientious effort from their teammates. This synergistic performance enhances both the number and quality of the projects. Using this method, we typically create 5 to 6 viable projects each year. Most teams that we compete with tend to have one major project per year. Using this system our university team has completed an average of 10 projects per year for presentation, of which 2 to 3 have been major projects.
8
Theobald, Maryanne Agnes. "Participation and social order in the playground." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/29618/1/Maryanne_Theobald_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
This study investigates the everyday practices of young children acting in their social worlds within the context of the school playground. It employs an ethnographic ethnomethodological approach using conversation analysis. In the context of child participation rights advanced by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and childhood studies, the study considers children’s social worlds and their participation agendas. The participants of the study were a group of young children in a preparatory year setting in a Queensland school. These children, aged 4 to 6 years, were videorecorded as they participated in their day-to-day activities in the classroom and in the playground. Data collection took place over a period of three months, with a total of 26 hours of video data. Episodes of the video-recordings were shown to small groups of children and to the teacher to stimulate conversations about what they saw on the video. The conversations were audio-recorded. This method acknowledged the child’s standpoint and positioned children as active participants in accounting for their relationships with others. These accounts are discussed as interactionally built comments on past joint experiences and provided a starting place for analysis of the video-recorded interaction. Four data chapters are presented in this thesis. Each data chapter investigates a different topic of interaction. The topics include how children use “telling” as a tactical tool in the management of interactional trouble, how children use their “ideas” as possessables to gain ownership of a game and the interactional matters that follow, how children account for interactional matters and bid for ownership of “whose idea” for the game and finally, how a small group of girls orientated to a particular code of conduct when accounting for their actions in a pretend game of “school”. Four key themes emerged from the analysis. The first theme addresses two arenas of action operating in the social world of children, pretend and real: the “pretend”, as a player in a pretend game, and the “real”, as a classroom member. These two arenas are intertwined. Through inferences to explicit and implicit “codes of conduct”, moral obligations are invoked as children attempt to socially exclude one another, build alliances and enforce their own social positions. The second theme is the notion of shared history. This theme addresses the history that the children reconstructed, and acts as a thread that weaves through their interactions, with implications for present and future relationships. The third theme is around ownership. In a shared context, such as the playground, ownership is a highly contested issue. Children draw on resources such as rules, their ideas as possessables, and codes of behaviour as devices to construct particular social and moral orders around owners of the game. These themes have consequences for children’s participation in a social group. The fourth theme, methodological in nature, shows how the researcher was viewed as an outsider and novice and was used as a resource by the children. This theme is used to inform adult-child relationships. The study was situated within an interest in participation rights for children and perspectives of children as competent beings. Asking children to account for their participation in playground activities situates children as analysers of their own social worlds and offers adults further information for understanding how children themselves construct their social interactions. While reporting on the experiences of one group of children, this study opens up theoretical questions about children’s social orders and these influences on their everyday practices. This thesis uncovers how children both participate in, and shape, their everyday social worlds through talk and interaction. It investigates the consequences that taken-for-granted activities of “playing the game” have for their social participation in the wider culture of the classroom. Consideration of this significance may assist adults to better understand and appreciate the social worlds of young children in the school playground.
9
Theobald, Maryanne Agnes. "Participation and social order in the playground." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/29618/.
Abstract:
This study investigates the everyday practices of young children acting in their social worlds within the context of the school playground. It employs an ethnographic ethnomethodological approach using conversation analysis. In the context of child participation rights advanced by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and childhood studies, the study considers children’s social worlds and their participation agendas. The participants of the study were a group of young children in a preparatory year setting in a Queensland school. These children, aged 4 to 6 years, were videorecorded as they participated in their day-to-day activities in the classroom and in the playground. Data collection took place over a period of three months, with a total of 26 hours of video data. Episodes of the video-recordings were shown to small groups of children and to the teacher to stimulate conversations about what they saw on the video. The conversations were audio-recorded. This method acknowledged the child’s standpoint and positioned children as active participants in accounting for their relationships with others. These accounts are discussed as interactionally built comments on past joint experiences and provided a starting place for analysis of the video-recorded interaction. Four data chapters are presented in this thesis. Each data chapter investigates a different topic of interaction. The topics include how children use “telling” as a tactical tool in the management of interactional trouble, how children use their “ideas” as possessables to gain ownership of a game and the interactional matters that follow, how children account for interactional matters and bid for ownership of “whose idea” for the game and finally, how a small group of girls orientated to a particular code of conduct when accounting for their actions in a pretend game of “school”. Four key themes emerged from the analysis. The first theme addresses two arenas of action operating in the social world of children, pretend and real: the “pretend”, as a player in a pretend game, and the “real”, as a classroom member. These two arenas are intertwined. Through inferences to explicit and implicit “codes of conduct”, moral obligations are invoked as children attempt to socially exclude one another, build alliances and enforce their own social positions. The second theme is the notion of shared history. This theme addresses the history that the children reconstructed, and acts as a thread that weaves through their interactions, with implications for present and future relationships. The third theme is around ownership. In a shared context, such as the playground, ownership is a highly contested issue. Children draw on resources such as rules, their ideas as possessables, and codes of behaviour as devices to construct particular social and moral orders around owners of the game. These themes have consequences for children’s participation in a social group. The fourth theme, methodological in nature, shows how the researcher was viewed as an outsider and novice and was used as a resource by the children. This theme is used to inform adult-child relationships. The study was situated within an interest in participation rights for children and perspectives of children as competent beings. Asking children to account for their participation in playground activities situates children as analysers of their own social worlds and offers adults further information for understanding how children themselves construct their social interactions. While reporting on the experiences of one group of children, this study opens up theoretical questions about children’s social orders and these influences on their everyday practices. This thesis uncovers how children both participate in, and shape, their everyday social worlds through talk and interaction. It investigates the consequences that taken-for-granted activities of “playing the game” have for their social participation in the wider culture of the classroom. Consideration of this significance may assist adults to better understand and appreciate the social worlds of young children in the school playground.
10
Fumagalli, Elena <1979>. "Three essays in health and social participation." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/947.
Abstract:
The first chapter investigates how social participation of young children is affected by ethnic diversity. We find that segregation have a non negative effect on social participation, while fractionalization have a non positive effect. The latter is stronger when spontaneous participation is taken into account. The endogenous sorting problem is tackled by using an IV strategy.
The second chapter is an evaluation of the folic acid fortification of cereals in the USA. Our estimates suggest an in increase of serum folate concentration. We compute quantile treatment effect finding a variability in the impact distrubution. Finally, we correct our findings by controlling for the change in dietary patterns.
In the third chapter we analyze the prevalence of obesity in Egypt finding an increasing trend between 1992 and 2005 and a small decline after 2005. Our estimates show a positive correlation between high BMI and socio economic status as well as a positive age effect and a negative cohort effect.Il primo capitolo analizza l’effetto della eterogeneità etnica sulla partecipazione sociale degli adolescenti. I nostri risultati mostrano che la segregazione ha un effetto non negativo sulla partecipazione sociale, mentre l’effetto della frazionalizzazione è non positivo. Il secondo risultato è più charo se consideriamo la partecipazione spontanea. Il problema di endogeneità nella scelta dell’abitazione è risolto con il metodo delle variabili strumentali. Il secondo capitolo è una valutazione della fortificazione con acido folico dei cereali in USA. Le nostre stime suggeriscono un aumento della concentrazione di folato nel siero. Calcoliamo inoltre i “quantile treatment effects” che dimostrano una variabilità dell’impatto della politica. Infine, correggiamo i nostri risultati controllando per i cambi nella dieta. Nel terzo capitolo si analizza la prevalenza dell’obesità in Egitto. Riscontriamo un aumento tra il 1992 e il 2005 e una leggera diminuzione nel 2008. Le nostre stime mostrano una correlazione positiva tra un elevato indice di massa corporea e lo status socio-economico, un effetto età positivo e un effetto di coorte negativo.
11
Ntata, P. R. T. "Participation in disaster relief." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3081/.
Abstract:
This thesis examines the issue of participation of affected populations in disaster relief, which is receiving increasing attention from researchers, planners and practitioners. This concern comes out of the widely documented experience in development studies that beneficiary participation is essential for programmes to succeed. Similar arguments are being applied to disaster relief. However, despite much rhetoric, examples of genuine grassroots participation both in relief and development continue to be rare. I review the concept of participation in Chapter One and, in Chapter Two, the many possible reasons as to why participation of beneficiaries continues to be a problematic issue. In Chapter Three, I review the concept of humanitarianism and the implications of changes in humanitarian assistance on participation. In Chapters Four, Five and Six, I present three case studies, different by geographical, socio-political context and type of disaster. All the three studies contain material collected through fieldwork involving a qualitative methodology. I have indicated, in each study, the range of data collection tools used. In Chapter Seven, I compare and evaluate the findings of the three case studies. I present overall conclusions of the thesis in Chapter Eight. The main conclusions of the thesis are that beneficiary participation continues to be a problematic issue because groups that have power derived from ownership of economic resources or politics seem unwilling to share that power with the people they seek to assist. Their unwillingness to do so has, in turn, many causes including, lack of trust by aid organisations of local power structures and organisations, poor bureaucratic orientation, a self-given superiority of moral virtue and technical expertise, and sometimes limitations imposed by operational, structural and accounting procedures. I argue that some of these limitations could be addressed through financially supporting and enhancing the capabilities of member-based grassroots structures. I also argue that more effort needs to be devoted to research on how willingness to adhere to the ideals of humanitarian assistance can be generated on the part of aid agencies and donors.
12
Bruce, Karin Brandão. "Entre os limites da cultura política e o fortalecimento da sociedade civil : o processo do orçamento participativo no município de Cariacica." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2007. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6501.
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No Brasil o orçamento participativo tem se destacado entre as práticas de gestão participativa que surgiram no final dos anos 70, durante o movimento pela redemocratização do país. Apesar de existir uma agenda comum entre estas práticas (conselhos, fóruns, câmaras setoriais, etc), buscando essencialmente aumentar a participação da sociedade no processo decisório, o orçamento participativo inova porque a participação popular começa por uma área extremamente sensível: o orçamento. Porque é através do orçamento que muitas prefeituras mantêm as antigas relações clientelistas, devolvendo os favores oferecidos durantes as campanhas eleitorais. Assim, mudar as decisões relativas ao orçamento municipal das mãos do executivo é uma iniciativa que exige, no mínimo, vontade política do governante. A presente dissertação consiste em um estudo aprofundado sobre o processo de Orçamento Participativo no município de Cariacica (ES), envolvendo os seus dois anos de implantação, 2005 e 2006. O estudo analisa o processo de construção, implementação e avaliação da experiência, além de descrever todo o ciclo metodológico do orçamento participativo. A pesquisa verifica ainda a tradição associativa do município, analisando a participação política dos moradores e do movimento popular, representado formalmente pela Federação das Associações dos Moradores de Cariacica (FAMOC). Para tanto, os dados foram coletados através da observação, pesquisa documental, entrevistas com lideranças locais e a realização de um grupo focal com os membros do conselho do orçamento participativo (COP). Os dados foram analisados através do método crítico-dialético que permite conhecer as mediações e as contradições que envolvem o processo. A experiência de Cariacica (ES) revelou que, embora o orçamento participativo tenha trazido um potencial de maior participação popular nas decisões políticas do município e, por conta disso, tenha se tornado um espaço onde os setores historicamente excluídos da sociedade podem defender cotidianamente os seus interesses de forma autônoma e esclarecida, a participação que historicamente se desenvolveu no nosso país traz uma série de limites que dificultam a consolidação desse instrumento como um lócus onde se podem manifestar possíveis movimentos de contra-hegemonia. Dessa maneira, o orçamento participativo não é composto de forma unitária, homogênea sem conflitos, ao contrário, ele está inserido num campo de disputa de interesses numa constante correlação de forças entre o Estado e a sociedade civil.
In Brazil, the participative budget has been highlighted among the practices of participative management that emerged in the late 70 s during the movement for re-democratization of the country. In spite of the fact that there is a common agenda among these practices (councils, forums, sector chambers, etc) essentially aiming at the increase of the society participation in the decisive process, the participative budget renews because the popular participation starts through an area extremely sensitive: the budget. Because it is through the budget that many City Halls have kept the old client relations giving back the favors offered during the election campaigns. Thus, changing the decisions related to the city budgets from the hands of the executive power is an initiative that demands at least, the governor s political willingness. The present paper consists in a deepened study about the process of Participative Budget in the city of Cariacica (ES) involving its two years of implementation, 2005, 2006. The study analyses the process of construction, implementation and assessment of the experience besides describing all the methodological cycle of participative budget. The research still verifies the association tradition of the city analyzing the residents political participation and popular movement represented by the Federation of the Residents Associations of Cariacica (FAMOC). For this reason, the data were collected through observation, documental research, interviews with local leaderships and the performance of a focal group with the members of participative budget council (COP). The data were analyzed through a critical-dialectic method which makes possible to perceive the mediations and contradictions which involve this process. The experience in Cariacica (ES) has shown that, although the participative budget have brought a potential of a greater popular participation in the political decisions of the city and consequently it has become a space where the sectors historically excluded in the society can daily defend their interests in an autonomous and clarified way, the participation that historically developed in our country brings a series of limits which make it difficult the consolidation of this instrument as a locus where possible movements of counter-hegemony may be manifested. Hence, the participative budget is not composed by a unique, homogenous non-conflict form. On the contrary, it is inserted in a battle field of interests in a constant correlation of powers between the State and civil society.
13
Melin, Eva. "Social delaktighet i teori och praktik : Om barns sociala delaktighet i förskolans verksamhet." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-87845.
Abstract:
This thesis seeks to explain social participation in pre-schools for children with and without Down’s syndrome. The explanation is achieved by use of an explanatory model of social participation, designed on the basis of critical realism, which has been used in an empirical study of how social participation emerges in practice. Mechanisms have been abstracted. It is assumed that recognition mechanism produces social participation and reification mechanism social exclusion. The results show that the agency of the personnel affects the possibilities for the recognition mechanism to produce social participation. Within the agency of the personnel, the internal relationship between the child perspective, i.e. how children's place in society is understood, and the relationship to the child's perspective, i.e. how children's participation is regarded, either prevents or makes possible activation of the mechanism. The child perspective has, through the empirical study, been seen to take two different forms: either that children are similar, with similar needs, or that they are different, with different needs. If children are defined as similar, the structures will accommodate all children, enabling them to be socially involved in the same activities. If children are defined as different, different structures are created for different groups of children. Groups are segregated from each other, preventing the children from being socially involved in joint activities. The relationship to the child's perspective has emerged in relation to the roles of the child as an agent, as a collective subject, and as an individual subject. The role definition affects the degree of constraint imposed on the possibilities for action that are offered, and thus affects the opportunity costs and degrees of freedom of the children. These determine the activation of recognition mechanism and social participation in the situation.
14
Foster, Matthew F. "Identity, Civic Duty and Electoral Participation| Causes of Variation in Electoral Participation." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10825816.
Abstract:
What causes variation in the turnout of an individual from election to election? Most individual level predictors of turnout can account for the propensity of an individual to vote but fail to account for changes in turnout behavior. Broad aggregate factors can account for variation in turnout trends from election to election but fail to account for changes in turnout at the individual level. In this dissertation I argue that civic duty can capture the variation that typical predictors of voter turnout cannot. Civic duty can account for variation in the turnout of high and low propensity voters, as well as distinguish why some groups turnout in one election and other groups turnout in another. The capacity of civic duty to capture such variation comes from the sensitivity of civic duty to the saliency of identities and the competing group concerns they generate. Civic duty motivates an individual to vote due to a sense of obligation that is generated by multiple group identities, with these identities either complementing each other and enhancing a sense of civic duty or conflicting with each other and diminishing such a sense. I apply and test such theory using the case of the 2017 British general election. With this case I find that civic duty can uniquely capture a sense of European identity, as well as the variation in salience of such identity that can account for the highly unexpected turnout of Millennials in 2017.
15
Paskuda, Malte. "The influence of anonymity on participation in online communities." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0033/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur l'influence de l'anonymat sur la participation dans les communautés en ligne. Le point de départ de ce travail est une observation au cours de la conception d'une plate-forme en ligne pour le soutien social entre aidants informels. J'avais noté que nous ne savions pas décider si les aidants devaient pouvoir être anonymes sur la plate-forme ou non, et quel en serait l’effet. Ma thèse comporte une revue de la littérature qui est synthétisée dans un modèle qui décrit quel sont les facteurs qui de participation en ligne qui pourraient être influencés par l’anonymat. Nous avons conduit trois études : Une sur Youtube, dont le système d'identification a changé pour ne plus permettre de poster des commentaires de façon anonyme, une sur Quora, où les utilisateurs peuvent choisir de répondre aux questions de manière anonyme ou non, et une sur Hacker News, où les utilisateurs peuvent choisir de dévoiler plus ou moins leur identité. Ces études nous permettent de montrer que, contrairement à ce que dit la littérature, 1) l'anonymat ne conduit pas nécessairement à des discussions impolies, 2) qu'il y a d'autres facteurs que l'anonymat qui ont une influence plus importante sur la participation, et que 3) l'anonymat peut révéler d’autres facteurs qui ont un effet sur la participation, comme la longueur du texte, qui a un effet sur l’appréciation sociale. Ces résultats permettent de confirmer le modèle "Social Identity of Deindividuation Effects", et le fait que l'anonymat peut avoir une influence positive sur l'esprit de groupeThis work presents my PhD thesis over the influence of anonymity on participation in online environments. The starting point was the observation made during the design of an online platform for informal caregivers, where I realized that it was unknown to us which practical effects an anonymous identity would have on the participation. This work contains the subsequent literature review, which was synthesized into a model showing which participation factors might be influenced by anonymity. We conducted three studies on existing online environments: One on Youtube, where there was a change in the comment system forbidding anonymous comments, one on Quora, where users can opt to answer questions anonymously, and one on Hacker News, where users choose how many identity factors they present and which name they use. The result of these studies are that, contrary to what the literature would suggest, 1) anonymity did not result to impolite and uncivil discussion, and 2) other factors than anonymity have a stronger influence on participation, and that 3) anonymity can make the effect of social signals visible, e.g. text properties like length which influences social appreciation. Additionally, we observed that participation is linked to profile completeness, and that an established web presence elsewhere limits participation. The implications of these results are a confirmation of the Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects, in its interpretation that anonymity can have positive effects on group identity
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Mönefors, Berntell Agneta. "Children's voice and participation in social welfare investigations." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Barn, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-133710.
Abstract:
There is a principal consent both in the convention on the rights of the child, the Swedish social service act and in “Barns behov i centrum” (BBiC, similar to the British “Looking after children”, LAC) that children should participate and have an impact on matters that affect them in relation to their age and maturity. This thesis focus on how children’s voices are recorded in social welfare files and how their participation in the investigation is constructed. I have read the interviews and the social reports of ten children, conducted by social workers in a municipality in the outskirts of Stockholm. The children’s voices in the files are a secondary voice, they are the social worker’s interpretation of the interviews with the children. I have used thematic analysis in order to answer my research questions. The result shows that all children had been able to talk to the social worker and nearly all of them were informed about why there was an investigation. The children’s stories were valued as true by the social workers and they were referred as information givers. Most of them were only interviewed orally, without support from child adaptive methods. They had very limited impact on how the investigation were conducted, how their information would be used and on the choice of intervention.
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Fantasia, Valentina. "Exploring infants' cooperative participation in early social routines." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exploring-infants-cooperative-participation-in-early-social-routines(ad9ce440-5783-4936-9a00-5d936bf9764a).html.
Abstract:
Cooperation and joint actions are often investigated in terms of how individuals explicitly coordinate their plans and intentions to achieve a shared goal. However, goals may also be achieved without prior arrangements, when, for instance, an individual takes part in someone else’s action without an explicit agreement, helping that action to be performed. Participating in social interaction may be considered as a basic form of cooperation that does not always require verbal communication or the ability to predict the other’s intentions. Rather, it is based on daily experiences of interacting and coordinating with others in many, different situations. Framed in this way, cooperative participation can be explored even in those who do not possess high mental abilities, such as infants. Indeed, infants seem to have a natural motive to engage in social interactions (Trevarthen, 1979). How does this participation develop from early forms of social interactions in infancy, to more complex types of interactions later on? Are there early forms of interactive participation in infancy that can be described as supportive for the caregivers’ action? The aim of the present Ph.D. work is to explore the way in which infants participate in daily routines, through the observation of 3-months-old infants’ behaviour in familiar interactions and their response to violations of these routines. Chapter two presents a critical reflection, developed with Hanne de Jaegher, on inferential, representational accounts of cooperation by analytical philosophy and experimental psychology. A theoretical reconceptualization of cooperative interactions as social encounters is proposed, framed within the theoretical tenets of enactivism. Chapter three investigates the structure and function of early social games, considered as early contexts for participation in distributed actions. Through behavioural observations, this study suggested that changes in the multimodal format of the play routines affected the infant’s behaviour and participation in the play interaction. Chapter four extends the exploration of infants’ cooperative participation in joint routines, observing infants’ behaviour when being picked up. Infants showed specific cooperative adjustments of the body to complement the mother’s action when being picked up, as opposed to un-supportive loss of bodily tension and head strength when the pick-up action was delayed. Participation in this joint routine thus appeared to be conditional to aspects of timing and recognition of the mothers’ movements in the sequence, without relying on inferential knowledge. Chapter five focuses on intrusiveness, a maternal behaviour that has been described as strongly affecting the infant’s participation in early interactions. In a joint work with Laura Galbusera, a qualitative microanalysis was applied to explore the sequential organisation of mother-infant exchanges to investigate 1) the consistency of current behavioural descriptions of intrusiveness and 2) their efficacy in analysing the interactional dynamics which may restrict the infant’s participation in interaction. A microanalysis inspired by Conversation Analysis methods revealed that interactional dimensions such as persistency, alignment, sequential structuring and timing appeared to be essential elements for the interactional organisation and the shaping the possibility for the infant’s participation. The sixth and final chapter summarises the findings emerged throughout the thesis and discusses some key features of infants’ cooperative participation. By integrating different approaches investigating intersubjective encounters, such as Enactivism, Conversation Analysis and Infant Research, this dissertation has explored cooperation as an aspect of social participation that evolves within human interactions, but is also already grounded in infants’ interactional competencies. This comprehensive approach has provided much needed insight into the importance of widening the concept of cooperation and its development, considering joint routines as multimodal contexts in everyday life where infants (but also adults) learn to understand, make sense of, and align with the other’s actions and affects, without relying on inferential processes.
18
Sung, Johnny. "The developmental worker : social engineering and worker participation." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29344.
Abstract:
There are four broad aims in this thesis. Firstly, I explore how the developmental state achieves its developmental objectives through collaborative effort with the workers. Secondly, within this context, I examine the significance of the practice of social engineering and nation building, and how social engineering and national building form an integral part of Singapore's economic growth process. These analyses give rise to new perspective in examining the growth process in Singapore - i.e. the 'developmental worker' model. The third aim of this thesis is therefore to establish the theoretical content of the developmental work model. The fourth aim of the thesis is to employ both qualitative and quantitative data to substantiate the developmental worker model in Singapore. The contributions of the developmental worker model are two-fold. Firstly, to my best knowledge, it is the first attempt of its kind to incorporate a workers' perspective into the analysis of the gwoth experience in Singapore. By creating a complementary concept (i.e. the developmental worker model) for the developmental state mode, the thesis makes the developmental state model analytically more 'complete'. Secondly, through the developmental worker model, the thesis also represents the first attempt to examine the empirical content of the workers' interpretative understanding process and the collective beliefs of Singapore workers. The combined effects of these two empirical elements lead to the ultimate social actions on the part of the workers, i.e. a collaborative effort between the state and workers to achieve the 'economic miracle' in Singapore.
19
Nadeau, Michel. "Participation au capital social et climat de travail." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25254.pdf.
20
Gunn, Robert. "Young people's participation in social services policy making." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4374.
Abstract:
Young people are recognised as citizens with rights and competence to participate in decision making. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Children Act 1989 identifies their right to participate in social services decision making. Much of the published information on their participation has focused on involvement as individuals in case planning rather than as stakeholders in strategic policy making. This research examines how a particular organisation – social services – has responded to the participation rights of young people who are looked after. The thesis provides a critical review of current practice. It uncovers the extent of young people's participation in social services policy making and explores the perceptions of key stakeholder groups involved in the process. A national survey was used to elicit quantitative and qualitative information from a representative sample of social services departments. Semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in the policy process provided data from three diverse case study sites. Overall, data confirmed that stakeholders did not recognise young people's right to participate. Social services were unclear about the basis of their relationship with young people in the policy process; this confusion undermined young people's ability to influence policy decisions. Findings also showed that the power of managers in departments constrained the ability of young people to shape policy. Consumerism, rather than rights, was the underlying principle which defined participation as service-led rather than user-led. In light of these findings, which emphasise the dissonance between the theory of participation and its practice, a number of recommendations are made at national and organisational level to improve the quality of young people's participation.
21
Boliver, Vikki. "Social inequalities and participation in UK higher education." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491572.
22
Sharma, Payal. "Enterprise social networks : engaging employees and sustaining participation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91071.
Abstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Management Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014.Title as it appears in MIT commencement exercises program, June 6, 2014: Power of enterprise social media. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-89).
Social relationships pervade every aspect of human life and development of social networks at work is inevitable. Enterprise social networking solutions provide a platform for employees to formally foster these professional relationships and put them to constructive use. Enterprise social network can be defined as a private social network of an organization that helps employees communicate, engage, and innovate across departments, locations and business processes. It serves as a problem solving space, conversation space, work tool, project management tool and awareness space across large organizations to break down silos. Enterprise social networks are very different from consumer social networks and their effectiveness needs to be measured with different metrics. This dissertation evaluates the current positioning of social enterprise networking solutions, consolidates the issues in adopting this technology, and outlines guidelines for choosing and implementing enterprise social networks in organizations. Meta-analysis of global enterprise social networking market is performed using secondary research and successful case studies of major players in the space are discussed to provide context. This study uses data from primary research through interviews, focus groups, surveys, and cross tabulation analyses to explore employee expectations and engagement with enterprise social networks. The research concludes by providing a ten step framework for the effective adoption of enterprise social network.
by Payal Sharma.
S.M. in Management Studies
23
Hagen, Daniel Edward. "Social capital and political participation in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20281.
Abstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Empirical research on the impact of membership in voluntary associations as a dimension of social capital on political participation has been conducted in a number of countries in Europe as well as North America. With the aid of quantitative analysis of survey data, these studies found that members of voluntary associations were more likely to participate both formally and informally in their country’s political processes than those who were not members. This was due to the role played by voluntary associations in the generation of human capital in the form of self-efficacy and participatory skills or values, as well as bridging social capital in the form of increased networking and trust. Existing research by Marion Keim, Cora Burnett and others have indicated that social capital, and particularly the voluntary association of sport, can have a profound societal impact on South African communities. However, no quantitative study has been conducted on the relationship between membership in voluntary associations and the level of formal political participation in the South African context. Therefore, this study applied the social capital theory as developed in the literature on European and North American studies to the South African context in order to determine whether there is a relationship between the variables of membership in voluntary associations, membership in multiple associations, membership in sports as a voluntary association and the level of formal political participation. Using quantitative methodology, a cross-section of 2006 World Values Survey data was analysed. The findings indicated that the social capital theory on political participation did not apply to the South African context in the same way as to the European or North American contexts due to explanatory differences in South Africa’s socio-political climate. Questions were then raised over whether, due to South Africa’s current political culture, membership in voluntary associations is conducive to encouraging informal channels of participation. The findings reached had implications for social capital theory by indicating its uneven application to the South African context. Moreover, the study highlighted the need for a more context-specific understanding of social capital and its impact upon South Africa’s political processes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Empiriese navorsing oor die uitwerking van lidmaatskap aan vrywillige verenigings as 'n dimensie van maatskaplike kapitaal op politieke deelname is in 'n aantal lande in Europa asook Noord-Amerika uitgevoer. Met behulp van kwantitatiewe analise van opname-data het hierdie studies bevind dat lede van vrywillige verenigings op beide formele en informele wyse meer geneig was om aan hulle land se politieke prosesse deel te neem as diegene wat nie lede was nie. Dit kon toegeskryf word aan die rol wat vrywillige verenigings speel by die ontwikkeling van menslike kapitaal in die vorm van selfwerksaamheid en deelnemende vaardighede of waardes, asook tussentydse maatskaplike kapitaal in die vorm van groter netwerkvorming en vertroue. Bestaande navorsing deur Marion Keim, Cora Burnett en ander het daarop gedui dat maatskaplike kapitaal, en in die besonder die vrywillige verbintenis van sport, 'n diepgaande uitwerking op Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskappe kan hê. Geen kwantitatiewe studie is egter nog oor die verhouding tussen lidmaatskap aan vrywillige verenigings en die vlak van formele politieke deelname in die Suid-Afrikaanse opset uitgevoer nie. Hierdie studie het dus die maatskaplike kapitaalteorie soos in die literatuur oor Europese en Noord-Amerikaanse studies ontwikkel, op die Suid-Afrikaanse opset toegepas ten einde te bepaal of daar 'n verhouding tussen die veranderlikes van lidmaatskap aan vrywillige verenigings, lidmaatskap aan veelvuldige verenigings, lidmaatskap aan sport as 'n vrywillige verbintenis en die vlak van formele politieke deelname bestaan. Met behulp van kwantitatiewe metodologie is 'n dwarssnit van data uit die 2006- Wêreldwaardes-peiling geanaliseer. Die bevindinge het daarop gedui dat die maatskaplike kapitaalteorie ten opsigte van politieke deelname nie op dieselfde wyse op die Suid-Afrikaanse opset as op die Europese of Noord- Amerikaanse opsette van toepassing is nie weens verklarende verskille in Suid-Afrika se sosiopolitieke klimaat. Vrae is toe gevra of lidmaatskap aan vrywillige verenigings weens Suid-Afrika se huidige politieke kultuur bevorderlik is vir die aanmoediging van informele kanale van deelname. Die bevindinge wat bereik is, het implikasies gehad vir maatskaplike kapitaalteorie deur die ongelyke aanwending op die Suid-Afrikaanse opset aan te dui. Daarbenewens het die studie die behoefte aan ’n meer konteks-spesifieke begrip van maatskaplike kapitaal en die uitwerking daarvan op Suid-Afrika se politieke prosesse beklemtoon.
24
Issifu, Abdul Karim. "Women’s Participation and Social Provisions in Peace Agreements." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413108.
Abstract:
Is the inclusion of social provisions in peace agreements influenced by the participation of women, and if so, why? It is suggested that if women participate in the negotiation, the agreement is likely to broaden with social provisions. But our understanding regarding why social provisions are shaped by the participation of women is still limited as previous research rarely looked at this phenomenon. By drawing on theories suggesting women’s participation will broaden the scope of the negotiation, and theories proposing women through the agency for being at the negotiation table would push for social provisions, this study hypothesizes that if women participate, the agreements are likely to broaden with more social provisions. A content analysis of the agreements reached on Liberia 2003, Sierra Leone 1999, Côte d’Ivoire 2003 and Niger 1995, and a supplementary in-depth comparative case study presents evidence suggesting women does influence peace agreements to become more holistic with more social provisions. At the same time, this study also highlights the essence of taking other factors that shape the scope of the agreements and the presence or absence of social provisions such as the context and duration of the conflicts and the belligerent actor’ will into consideration.
25
Harris, Wesley Brian David. "Expanding Planning Public Participation Outreach Through Social Networking." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/567.
Abstract:
Public participation is not a form of civic responsibility that it once was. With not only fewer people taking part in the public participation process, there is a trend towards an older (45 years and older) group of residents that come to such meetings or workshops. Plans, such as Specific Plans or General Plans often take years to implement and require all generations to give feedback on what is needed for the future. Additionally, within the last decade, there has been a rise in social media websites such as Facebook and Twitter. These websites emerged as informal virtual places for friends to connect, but have slowly evolved into a tool for businesses, and more importantly, government to connect with constituents. This study explores the relationship between the decline of public participation with findings to support the reasons residents do not take part in the process, and the rise of social media as a tool for engagement with findings to support how cities nationwide use Facebook. Social media provides a two-way form of communication between the community and the local government which aides in promoting genuine participation. Additionally, social media allows for efficient outreach and noticing of meetings or public workshops. As opposed to newspaper or website noticing, websites such as Facebook allow for local governments to target a specific audience by location, age, or interests. Findings indicate that although many cities developed a Facebook Page to engage the “younger generation”, all ages became fans of the City operated Facebook Page. In addition, the findings show that the true potential of Facebook as a participatory tool have not been discovered. cities are developing their own ways of using it as a tool as there is no formal best practices manual for City planning departments. The findings of this study have provided the necessary information to develop a best practices manual for planning practitioners to utilize. The manual provides information on developing a Facebook Page as well as the implications of the technology.
26
Rosdahl, Fredrik. "Elevinflytande - Pupil participation." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27745.
Abstract:
Författare: Fredrik Rosdahl Titel: Elevinflytande Nyckelord: Elevinflytande, intervjuer, Lgr-11Syftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka hur eleverna på en skola upplever elevinflytande. Elevinflytande är något som alltid har intresserat mig, att få möjligheten att påverka ens utbildning och arbets-/lärningsmiljö upplever jag som något väldigt viktigt. Under min egen skolgång var det inte förrän i högstadiet och gymnasiet som elevinflytande togs på allvar av skolan. I denna undersökningen kommer jag undersöka hur elevinflytande ser ut och fungerar på en låg- och mellanstadieskola. Undersökningens syfte är att upplysa hur elever upplever att elevinflytande fungerar på deras skola.Jag har tagit del av olika teorier om elevinflytande och hur man som pedagog kan arbeta med elevinflytande i skolan. Teorier så som John Dewey "learning by doing", som betonar vikten av att låta elever vara delaktiga i sin egen utbildning och få prova sig fram för att växa till kompetenta demokratiska medborgare. Min empiri bygger på intervjuer med rektorn, personal samt elever på en skola i västra Skåne samt intervju med en lärare på en skola i norra Skåne. Min empiri bygger också på observationer utav klassråd i olika klasser samt elevrådsmöte.Resultatet av denna studien presenteras i större utsträckning i resultats kapitlet i examensarbetet. Kortfattat, så visar resultatet av denna undersökningen att de medverkande eleverna upplever en stor möjlighet att få påverka sin skola och undervisning via elevinflytande.
27
Malenfant, François. "L'engagement social en question : le développement identitaire et ses implications actuelles /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Montréal : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Université de Montréal, 2005. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Abstract:
Thèse (M.Th.Pr.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, programme en extension de l'Université de Montréal, 2005.La numérotation en chiffres romains commence avec les pages précédant l'introduction et se poursuit avec la bibliogr. et les appendices. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. xiv-xviii. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
28
Galindo, Alexandre Gomes. "ParticipaÃÃo social no desenvolvimento de polÃticas pÃblicas no Estado do AmapÃ: um olhar sobre a elaboraÃÃo e execuÃÃo do Plano Plurianual de MacapÃ-AP no perÃodo de 2013 a 2016." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2017. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=18989.
Abstract:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorEsta Tese tem como escopo principal apresentar o resultado do estudo sobre o processo de interlocuÃÃo entre integrantes da sociedade civil e o poder pÃblico em Macapà (capital do estado do AmapÃ), dando relevo à anÃlise das dinÃmicas de participaÃÃo de membros da sociedade no processo polÃtico de elaboraÃÃo e execuÃÃo do planejamento municipal, atravÃs da implantaÃÃo de um desenho institucional de gestÃo compartilhada proposto pela equipe de governo que assumiu a administraÃÃo pÃblica durante o perÃodo de 2013 a 2016. Sem a pretensÃo de apresentar avaliaÃÃes de resultados e efetividades das polÃticas pÃblicas implementadas no recorte temporal estabelecido, no atual estudo englobaram-se os seguintes objetivos integrados: a) Descortinar elementos que contextualizam a ambiÃncia macapaense sob a perspectiva do seu desenvolvimento e da configuraÃÃo de sua elite polÃtica local; b) Resgatar as caracterÃsticas das dinÃmicas institucionais de gestÃo participativa induzidas pela Prefeitura do MunicÃpio de Macapà relacionadas à elaboraÃÃo e execuÃÃo do Plano Plurianual, no perÃodo de 2013 a 2016; e, c) Apontar avanÃos, apropriaÃÃes, conflitos, dificuldades e desafios vinculados ao desenho institucional de gestÃo participativa implementado pela equipe de governo que assumiu a administraÃÃo pÃblica do MunicÃpio de Macapà no ano de 2013. No resgate contextual, evidenciou-se que a criaÃÃo do Estado do AmapÃ, em 1988, tornou-se uma linha divisÃria que marca o inÃcio do desenvolvimento de profundos processos de transformaÃÃo espacial, social, econÃmica e polÃtica no MunicÃpio de MacapÃ, inclusive com renovaÃÃo das elites polÃticas locais. Os resultados apontaram para a identificaÃÃo de componentes que integram grupos familiares, partidos polÃticos e lideranÃas locais envolvidos na esfera polÃtica macapaense. Ao analisar as intencionalidades declaradas de abertura de canais de diÃlogo com a sociedade, e de gestÃo da participaÃÃo nos processos de elaboraÃÃo e execuÃÃo do planejamento municipal, constatou-se que, em 2013, ocorreram os maiores esforÃos de mobilizaÃÃo para elaboraÃÃo compartilhada do planejamento municipal e de alocaÃÃo de recursos em programas de gestÃo da participaÃÃo no planejamento plurianual do municÃpio. O governo que assumiu a gestÃo pÃblica municipal no perÃodo de 2013 a 2016 implantou experiÃncias participativas com modelos e denominaÃÃes variadas como âO Povo no Comandoâ, âCongresso do Povoâ e âPrefeitura na sua Ruaâ, alterando a abordagem dada ao relacionamento com a sociedade a partir da segunda metade de seu mandato. Por mais que o modelo de gestÃo participativa adotado no municÃpio tenha gerado avanÃos e empoderamentos, tambÃm apresentou evidÃncias de conflitos, limitaÃÃes e desafios. Mesmo nÃo sendo propÃsito do presente estudo avanÃar no domÃnio da pragmÃtica, os resultados permitem inferir que, partindo-se do desenho de gestÃo adotado pela Prefeitura Municipal de MacapÃ, nos anos de 2013 a 2016, e das percepÃÃes sobre seu processo de implantaÃÃo, desponta a necessidade de reduÃÃo da centralidade do governo na gestÃo das InstituiÃÃes Participativas e da efetiva ampliaÃÃo do processo participativo para alÃm das etapas iniciais de elaboraÃÃo do PPA, LDO e LOA, visando superar as dificuldades encontradas no acompanhamento das aÃÃes de fiscalizaÃÃo e controle, e no acesso dos representantes da sociedade aos vÃrios setores da prefeitura.
The main scope of this work is to present the results of a study on the process of interlocution between members of the civil society and the public power in the city of MacapÃ, the capital of the Brazilian State of AmapÃ. This thesis brings to light the analysis of the dynamics of participation of members of society in the political process of elaborating and executing the municipal planning. This was possible through the implementation of an institutional design of shared management proposed by the government team that took office between 2013 and 2016. The present work does not aim to present evaluations of results and effectiveness of the public policies implemented in these four years. In the present study, the following integrated objectives were included: a) To reveal elements that contextualize the ambience in Macapà from the perspective of its development and the configuration of its local political elite; b) To review the characteristics of the institutional dynamics for a participatory management induced by the local executive branch of Macapà related to the elaboration and execution of a multi-annual plan, from 2013 to 2016; and, c) To point out advances, appropriations, conflicts, difficulties and challenges related to the institutional design of participatory management implemented by the government team that took office in MacapÃ, in 2013. During the contextualization of the data, it became evident that the creation of the State of Amapà in 1988 was a dividing line that marked the beginning of the development of deep spatial, social, economic and political transformation processes in the municipality of MacapÃ, including the renewal of local political elites. The results lead to the identification of components that integrate family groups, political parties and local leaders involved in the political sphere of the city. When the declared intentions of opening channels of dialogue with the society, and the participation management in the processes of elaboration and execution of municipal planning were analyzed, it was verified that the greatest efforts of mobilization for shared elaboration of the municipal planning and allocation of resources in programs to manage participation in the multi-annual plan took place in 2013. The government that took office from 2013 to 2016 implemented participatory experiences with different models and names, such as O povo no commando, Congresso do povo e Prefeitura na sua rua. These experiences changed the approach given to the relationship with society in the last half of its four-year term. Although the model of participatory management adopted in the municipality has generated advances and empowerment, it also presented evidence of conflicts, limitations and challenges. Even though the purpose of this study is not to advance in the field of pragmatics, the results allow us to infer that, starting from the management design adopted by the municipality of MacapÃ, from 2013 to 2016, and from the perceptions about its implantation process, there is a need to reduce the centrality of the government in the management of participatory Institutions and the effective broadening of the participatory process beyond the initial stages of preparation of the Multi-annual Plan, the Budget Directive Law and the Annual Budget Law. These steps aim to overcome the difficulties faced during the monitoring of controlling actions, and in the access of different members of the civil society to the various sectors of the city hall.
29
Leung, Pui-yiu Irene. "The impact of participation in community organizations on the political attitudes and behaviours of youths." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13115364.
30
Radlak, Bogumila. "Social cognition in multiple sclerosis : effects on social participation and quality of life." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=226789.
Abstract:
Background: The current studies aimed to explore the effects of different variants of multiple sclerosis (MS) on social cognitive skills such as emotion perception, theory of mind (ToM) and empathy. Various aspects of empathy were measured using newly developed video paradigm that generated reliable and consistent responses in study participants. Further, the relationships between social cognition abilities and cognitive functioning, MS severity, mood and age were explored. The final aim was to establish whether difficulties in social cognition predicted restricted social participation and reduced quality of life in MS. Methods: This research measured multi-domain emotion perception, ToM and empathy using more ecologically valid measures than previous studies in participants with relapsing-remitting MS (n = 30), chronic progressive MS (n = 26) and matched healthy controls (n = 31). Executive functioning was measured using verbal fluency, whereas speed of processing was tested with the Digit Symbol Coding Task. Self-report measures were administered to assess of empathy, social participation, MS severity and mood. Results: Both MS groups presented with impairments in emotion perception and ToM but not in empathy. Cognitive functioning was associated with some measures of emotion perception and ToM. Reduced quality of life was inconsistently predicted by personal distress only and some aspects of emotion perception in individuals with MS. No aspects of social cognition were found to be a significant predictor of restricted social engagement in MS. Conclusion: Both MS samples demonstrated similar emotion perception and ToM impairments and no significant empathy impairment, though those with progressive MS reported poorer social participation. Lower levels of emotion perception and personal distress predicted some aspects of quality of life. Since the pattern of these results proved to be inconsistent, it is important to interpret the findings with caution, and to further explore socio-emotional functioning in MS.
31
Miller, Camille. "Patterns of Social Participation: Assessing the Long-Term Effects of Creating Social Capital." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2587.pdf.
32
Hurtado, Lozada Enilda Veronica Beatriz. "Mining power : subnational participation in social conflicts in Peru." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/64153.
Abstract:
Rising levels of social mobilization occurred throughout the period of the recent commodity boom in the Andes (2000-2013), adding leverage to the resource curse literature. Surprisingly, the mobilizations have incorporated a new active participant: mayors and governors. They have been participating in the mobilizations, both peacefully and violently, often attracting the attention of the mass media and national authorities. The participation of subnational authorities in these mobilizations is a new phenomenon, one that has not yet been systematically studied. This research deepens our understanding of the resource curse and its impact in Latin American democracies by showing how the participation of subnational authorities in social conflicts is motivated by mining-extraction dependency and political weakness.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
33
Clarke, Valerie Ada, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "COMPUTING IN A SOCIAL CONTEXT: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PARTICIPATION." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 1986. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040618.161440.
Abstract:
The thesis reviews the literature relating to girls and computing within a framework which is structured around three specific questions. First, are there differences between girls and boys in their participation in class computing activities and/or in non-class computing activities? Second, do these differences in participation in computing activities have broader implications which justify the growing concern about the under-representation of girls? Third, wahy are girls under-represented in these activities?
Although the available literature is predominantly descriptive, the underlying implicit theoretical model is essentially a social learning model. Girl's differential participation is attributed to learned attitudes towards computing rathan to differences between girls and boys in general ability. These attitudes, which stress the masculine, mathematical, technological aspects of computing are developed through modelling, direct experience, intrinsic and extrinsic reinforcement and generalisation from pre-existing, attitudes to related curriculum areas. In the literature it is implicitly assumed that these attitudes underlie girl's decisions to self-select out of computing activities. In this thesis predictions from a social learning model are complemented by predictions derived from expectancy-value, cognitive dissonance and self-perception theories. These are tested in three separate studies.
Study one provides data from a pretest-posttest study of 24 children in a year four class learning BASIC. It examines pre- and posttest differences between girls and boys in computing experience, knowledge and achievement as well as the factors relating to computing achievement.
Study two uses a pretest-posttest control group design to study the gender differences in the impact of the introduction of Logo into years 1, 3, 5 and 7 in both a coeducational and single-sex setting using a sample of 222 children from three schools.
Study three utilises a larger sample of 1176 students, drawn from three secondary schools and five primary schools, enabling an evaluation of gender differences in relation to a wide range of class computing experiences and in a broader range of school contexts.
The overall results are consistent across the three studies, supporting the contention that social factors, rather than ability differences influence girls' participation and achievement in computing. The more global theoretical framework, drawing on social learning, expectancy-value, cognitive dissonance and self-perception theories, provides a more adequate explanation of gender differences in participation than does any one of these models.
34
Brännström, Inger. "Community participation and social patterning in cardiovascular disease intervention." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-7544.
Abstract:
This study addresses health policy and public health in the field of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the local level in Sweden. The overall aim is to contribute to the assessment of structural and social conditions within public health by analysing participation processes and outcome patterns in a local health programme. The northern Swedish MONICA study served as a reference area. The research strategy has been to integrate quantitative and qualitative methodologies and, thereby, focus on different aspects of the health programme under study. The mortality rate was excessive in the study area of Norsjö relative to both provincial and national figures over a period of more than 10 years. This finding formed the basis for a tenyear comprehensive and community-based health programme towards the prevention of CVD and diabetes. Even in this seemingly homogeneous area it was found that socio-economic circumstances were associated with the public health. Almost half of the study population had hypercholesterolaemia (;>6.5 mmol/1), 19% of men and 25% of women were smokers and 30% and 29%, respectively, had high blood pressure. Age had a strong impact on all outcome measures. After adjustments for age and social factors it was found that the relative risk of having hypercholesterolaemia dropped significantly in both sexes during the six years of intervention. The probability of being a smoker was significantly reduced only in highly educated groups. No statistically significant change over time could be found for the risk of suffering high blood pressure. In the reference area of northern Sweden there were no changes over time for any of the selected risk factors. The likelihood of self-assessed good health decreased with increasing risk factor load, with the exception of hypercholesterolaemia , in all social strata. The authorities, including the health and medical staff, were the main actors on the mediastage. Men in manual occupations were least affected by the media coverage. The actors and the public as well as the media viewed the health programme as orientated towards individual lifestyles. Community participation was mainly defined by the actors based on the medical and health planning approach. Differences in interpretations, social interests, personal conflicts and ideological constraints among the actors at local level were observed. Some critical attitudes towards the organization and management of the health programme were also noted among the citizens. However, a majority of the public wanted the health programme to continue. The present study underlines the importance of considering age, gender and social differences in the planning and evaluation of CVD preventive programmes.digitalisering@umu
35
Ng, Ho-yee Janet, and 伍可怡. "Impact of vision and hearing impairments on social participation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010377.
36
Bulczak, Grzegorz. "Essays on social networks, participation, and outcomes in education." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/346631/.
Abstract:
This thesis explores the role of social networks in determining adolescents’ outcomes in schools. The thesis consists of three papers that seek to empirically test how characteristic of friendship networks and peers affect adolescents’ choices and performance in education. The main goal of the first paper is to estimate the effects of ego’s friends age diversity on academic performance. The findings provide evidence that having an age diversified friendship network results in significantly worse academic outcomes. Contrary to the previous research, no evidence is found that having a best friend of a different age, or a group of friends of average age that differs from an individual’s age is associated with worse outcomes in education. This paper addresses concerns about self-selection into networks and unobserved school level differences by using within-school variation and instrumental variable methods. The findings remain robust after the sample is limited to students with no criminal background and those that are in the expected grade for their given age. In the second paper a hypothesis that more interconnected networks (those with high density of friendships) positively impact on adolescents’ school performance due to more scope for norms and sanctions, is tested. The findings provide evidence that for an individual having a close network during high school results in significantly better academic outcomes. Individuals with friends that know each other are found to be more likely to go to college. This examination addresses concerns about self-selection into networks and unobserved school level differences. Instrumental variable approach is used to investigate the effects of closure on college attendance. The effects of closure on years of schooling are found to persist for both low and high quality networks. The findings remain robust for samples consisting of non-white and white individuals. The last paper takes a closer look at participation in extracurricular activities, a factor that is likely to influence network formation. In this chapter, the role of community composition in determining participation outcomes is examined. This investigation provides evidence suggesting that racial composition of communities affects adolescents’ participation in school extracurricular activities. The main contribution of this chapter is that problems related to sorting within communities and selection into schools, are carefully addressed.
37
Ondis, April Landry. "Social Influences on U.S. Postdoctoral Researchers’ Participation in ResearchGate." Thesis, Saint Leo University, 2022. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=28152313.
Abstract:
Academic social networking services (ASNS) will need to rely on the continued participation of their members in order to transition from venture-backed to self-sustaining businesses. Postdoctoral researchers, or PDRs, are likely to have a particular interest in membership participation as a means of distinguishing themselves professionally. The following paper is quantitative research into PDRs’ intent to participate in an ASNS from the perspectives of Social Influence Theory and Social Cognitive Theory. A survey of postdoctoral researcher users will identify the relationship between social influences and participation in an ASNS.
38
Kamalodeen, Vimala. "Exploring teachers' participation in an online professional social network." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4284/.
Abstract:
This thesis considers new ways of facilitating in-service teacher training and development in Trinidad and Tobago. ICT is linked by policy to National Development and teachers are urged to use available tools and technologies to enhance student learning. I argue that current models of training and professional development do not result in sustained and efficient use of some of these tools. In this study, a new model of teacher professional development is considered where a learning space is created and mediated through Web 2.0 tools and the Internet. In particular, the use of a social networking space is designed purposefully as a professional learning space for teachers. The design elements were selected to facilitate a dynamic learning environment catering to flexibility in teachers’ learning needs and wants. Through analysis of teacher interactions, the data shows how the social network supports the development of a professional identity while allowing teachers to seek support from one another and to share knowledge. Examination of teacher activity reveals how teachers chose to participate in this space and their preference for certain tools and topics. It further shows the inclination to seek knowledge rather than to share and their willingness to upgrade their skills using free online learning courselets. This study concludes that a social network can act as a professional learning space that enables teachers’ ongoing learning through real-time communication with peers, just-in- time support from mentors and coaches and opportunities to make their practice public.
39
Rufino, De Oliveira Neto G. (Gilberto). "Empathy as a social change factor through youth participation." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201811233103.
Abstract:
This Bachelor’s thesis is a theoretical work based on an integrative literature review which explores empathy as determining factor for youth participation towards social change, bringing together an interdisciplinary understanding of empathy as a phenomenon and introduces the definition for youth participation. This thesis combines literature from authors such as Roman Krznaric, Barry Checkoway, M. Alex Wagaman, etc. that discuss the role of empathy and youth participation for social change from historical, educational, evolutionary and psychological standpoints, among others. After thorough review and discussions which combine research on empathy and youth participation together, examples are examined considering real events which illustrate all that has been brought up in terms of the role of empathy as social change factor through youth participation. Finally, the thesis analyses the essential role empathy has on altruistic behavior and finds an important element for engagement that youth experiences when participating: psychological empowerment. Considering youth as important agents of social change, empathic capacity development is a key to impact positively the society as well as the young people themselves. The aim of this thesis is to raise awareness on the importance of developing the empathy capacity in a more in-depth and in a wider diversity of contexts.
40
Simmons, Daniela. "Social Participation and Depression Among Elderly People in Greece." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc848194/.
Abstract:
The researcher had two objectives: first, explore how social involvement changes by age among Greek elderly, and second, examine the relationship between social involvement and depression by age among study participants, controlled for education, marital status, and gender. The researcher used data from the 2004 Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) database subjecting a sample of 2,898 elderly aged 50 or older to analysis in terms of the study questions. Approximately 43% of the participants (n = 1,244) were males and 57% were females (n = 1,654).
Study results showed Greek elderly participated more in religious activities and less in non-religious activities with increasing age. The study results showed the level of education did not have an effect on the level of religious or non-religious participation. Marital status could influence Greeks’ tendency to participate in religious activities, however, it did not have an effect on non-religious participation. Women are more likely to participate in religious activities than the men. The gender of the participants did not have an effect on non-religious participation. Older Greek elderly were more likely to be depressed than the younger elderly. Participation in religious activities was not shown to relate to decreasing the risk of depressive symptoms; while participation in non-religious activities increased it. Further elaboration showed that caring for family increased the risk of depressive symptoms. Participation in other non-religious activities did not show significant relationships to depressive symptoms.
The study findings imply those caring for others are in need of social and mental health support services; and the quality of available social activities need significant improvement.
41
Bascom, Graydon. "Transportation Related Challenges for Persons' with Disabilities Social Participation." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5265.
Abstract:
Gaining access to transportation is essential for obtaining employment, education, healthcare, and social interaction. Individuals who face difficulties in gaining this access are considered ‘transportation disadvantaged’ and include individuals of lower socioeconomic status, aging individuals, and persons with disabilities. In our autodependent society, individuals with disabilities face even fewer opportunities to interact within their communities. In order to better understand how individuals with disabilities are limited by their access to transportation, two studies were conducted.
The first study specifically seeks to examine how individuals with disabilities gain access to transportation and the interpersonal relationships that affect opportunities for social participation in the community. A self-administered online questionnaire was disseminated to individuals residing in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. Individuals with disabilities were found to have less access to private vehicles and to utilize public transportation more than previously reported. The majority of individuals with disabilities feel that their access level to transportation hindered their social life.
The second study, using the same survey as the first study with some variation of the questions and a larger sample size, sought to understand the needs of individuals with disabilities from a national perspective. Individuals were found to use private vehicles less and more public transportation than previous studies have shown. Individuals with more significant disabilities were more likely to face transportation-related exclusion.
42
Eriksson, Lilly. "Participation and disability : a study of participation in school for children and youth with disabilities /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-831-2/.
43
Sandovici, Maria Elena. "Social capital and political action." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
44
Dahan-Oliel, Noémi 1977. "Transportation and social participation in community-dwelling elderly = Les moyens de transport et la participation sociale chez les aînés habitant dans la communauté." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111608.
Abstract:
This thesis is comprised of a literature review on the topic of social participation in the elderly, and a study examining the association between primary transportation mode used and social participation in community-dwelling seniors. A review of the literature showed that social participation in the elderly is associated with survival, health-related quality of life, functional ability, emotional well-being, and cognitive skills, and is also influenced by personal and environmental factors. The study indicated that primary mode of transportation used by seniors living in the community is associated with social participation; those driving, walking or using public transport had overall greater social participation than passengers and those using adapted transport/taxi. These findings are of interest to rehabilitation professionals and researchers working in gerontology, as well as to policy makers, since facilitating the use of readily available transportation modes is primordial to maintaining social participation of seniors living in the community.
45
Bouhaddou, Marie-Kenza. "Logement social et nouvelles pratiques artistiques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100109.
Abstract:
Cette thèse interroge les relations qui existent entre logement social et nouvelles pratiques artistiques. Elle vise à comprendre pour quelles raisons, à quelles conditions et jusqu’à quel point des organismes de logement social s’engagent dans le portage de projets artistiques. Je désigne par « nouvelles pratiques artistiques » des projets réalisés in situ, qui mettent des habitants des quartiers populaires au fondement de leur démarche et questionnent les modes de faire des acteurs. En s’appuyant sur trois cas, deux à Lyon et un à Dunkerque, l’analyse des relations porte sur les modalités et les effets des jeux d’acteurs, en termes de relations de pouvoir, d’affect et de demandes de légitimités, de modes de faire, de spatialités et de matérialités des projets. Ma thèse montre un inégal engagement des bailleurs sociaux. Elle met en évidence l’émergence, à travers des projets qui impliquent des artistes et les habitants, de nouvelles manières de participer, de nouveaux acteurs de la participation, mais aussi de nouvelles façons de faire la ville. Elle montre la possibilité pour des organismes de logement social d’acquérir de nouvelles compétences. Les relations entre logement social et nouvelles pratiques artistiques se heurtent à plusieurs difficultés. Du fait d’un fonctionnement pyramidal, les modes de faire ne changent pas véritablement à l’échelle des organismes qui se replient alors sur leurs savoir-faire techniques propres et ont du mal à intégrer la coopération avec d’autres acteurs. Sans un portage politique franc, les organismes peinent à s’impliquer. Enfin, en temps de déprise économique, les bailleurs sociaux peinent à s’engager dans des projets sur l’espace public. Ils réduisent de plus en plus leur échelle d’intervention au tour d’immeuble. Dans ce contexte, le renouvellement des pratiques artistiques montre aussi ses limites, dans leur difficulté à être distinguées d’activités socioculturelles, à créer des relations avec les habitants favorisant leur pouvoir d’agir, et à être légitimées comme artistiques par les institutions culturellesThis thesis questions the relationship between social housing and new artistic practices. It aims to understand why, under what conditions and to what extent social housing organizations engage in the carrying of artistic projects or support for them. I refer to "new artistic practices" as in situ projects, which bring people from working-class districts to the foundations of their approach and question the ways of doing things by different actors. Based on three cases, two in Lyon and one in Dunkerque, the analysis of the relationships deals with the modalities and the effects of the games of actors, in terms of relations of power, affect and demands for legitimacy, but also in terms of ways of doing, spatiality and materialities of the projects. My thesis shows a very uneven commitment of social housing organizations. It highlights the emergence, through projects that involve artists and inhabitants, new ways of participating, new actors of participation, but also new ways of doing the city. It shows the opportunity for social housing organizations to acquire new skills, gain visibility and approach their relationships to their tenants differently. However, the relations between social housing and new artistic practices face several difficulties. Due to a pyramidal operation, the ways of doing things do not really change at the level of the organizations which then fall back on their own technical know-how and have difficulty integrating the cooperation with other actors than the usual actors of construction and urban planning. Without a free political carry, the organizations struggle to get involved. Finally, in times of economic downturn, social housing organizations are struggling to engage in projects on the public space. They increasingly reduce their scale of intervention around the building. In this context, the renewal of artistic practices also shows its limits, in their difficulty to be distinguished from sociocultural activities, to create relations with the inhabitants their power to act, and to be legitimized as artistic by the cultural institutions
46
Lee, Kar-mut Carmel. "Characteristics of elderly people participating in aged-based social movements in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13992235.
47
Bond, Sophie, and n/a. "Participation, urbanism and power." University of Otago. Department of Geography, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080404.152556.
Abstract:
This thesis explores how an adherence to professional principles can be reconciled with a commitment to inclusive participatory planning processes in urban governance. Two themes are drawn together. First, the study concerns recent shifts in thinking about public participation that have resulted in innovative approaches to engaging citizens in urban governance processes through deliberative, interactive workshops and forums. Second, the study focuses on power relations that are inherent in such forums, particularly when a variety of different knowledges (expert and lay) interact. The two themes are brought together by focusing on the participatory practices of the urbanist movement - an urban form movement that draws specific principles from the urbanism of traditional towns and cities in order to create socially and environmentally sustainable places. Within urbanist participation, professional principles for the built environment and a commitment to a form of deliberative democracy are combined. In this study, the crucial question asked is: what is the nature and effect of the power relations on the democratic character of public involvement in participatory planning processes?
To explore this issue, two urbanist Enquiry by Design processes were selected as retrospective case studies. One case involved a regeneration project for an inner urban area of a north England industrial town, while the other case involved a greenfield urban extension in the south west of England. The empirical research, undertaken in mid 2005, comprised 52 semi-structured interviews, analysis of extensive background material, and site visits. Research participants were selected to capture a range of perspectives and experiences of each process.
To understand the power relations in the cases a two pronged approach was taken. The study was informed by literature from communicative planning theory and deliberative democracy. From this literature, an Ethic for Communicative Participation was developed as a heuristic device to evaluate urbanist participation. Concomitantly, to understand the nature of the power relations involved in the deliberative forum, the study employed a discourse theory perspective after Laclau and Mouffe (2001). Thus, power was understood as relational and imbricated within all social relations, while conflict was conceived of as an indicator of power.
The study found that the urbanist discourse, as a hegemonic project, had a significant effect on the nature of the participatory processes. In disseminating and instituting a particular vision for urban sustainability, the urbanist participatory process was found to be instrumental to realising the urbanist vision in each locality. As such, the cases studied displayed a thin commitment to democracy. Moreover, the discursive constructions of concepts of community, representation, consensus and participation evident in the cases, exposed a unified and homogeneous understanding of social groups. Consequently, the complexity of power relations and conflict inherent in the processes were bracketed, resulting in the exclusion of certain perspectives.
Nevertheless, the study illustrated the value in understanding the inherently antagonistic nature of the public sphere for both research and practice. The study supported emerging claims for a democratic politics in which antagonism is transformed into agonism - a space of reciprocity and mutual respect in which contestations over meanings can be articulated. In the cases, the participatory space allowed participants to challenge the hegemonic nature of the dominant discourses. Therefore, the thesis argues for two important ways to rethink power in both theory and in practice. First, there must be a willingness to engage with conflict and power. Second, there must be an interrogation of claims to unity or collectivity. Understanding the public sphere as inherently antagonistic, heterogeneous, and criss-crossed with complex power relations potentially provides conditions in which hegemonic forces can be contested. An agonistic politics has the potential to facilitate the open contestation of different knowledges and transform the dominant power relations such that an enhanced democracy can ensue.
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duchrow, Alina D´alva. "Participação social no planejamento e gestão urbana: o orçamento participativo de Olinda." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2004. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15863.
Abstract:
Duchrow, Alina D´alva. Participação social no planejamento e gestão urbana: o orçamento participativo de Olinda. 2004. 145 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Núcleo de Pós-Graduação, Programa Regional de Pós-Graduaçao em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente,Fortaleza-CE,2004.Submitted by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-03-30T14:24:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis__adduchrow.pdf: 3018273 bytes, checksum: 5dd95d938c4b795d5389566f1752d675 (MD5)
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This work aims to identify and analyze the determinant factors for the establishment and consolidation of the social participation within the Urban Planning and Management,having as an empirical reference the process of public debate regarding the participative budget developed in the municipality of Olinda in the state of Pernambuco- Brazil. Through the theoretical discussions concerning the participative urban planning and management as well as the empirical studies about the experiences of participative budget in Brazil, are identified the variables which may influence the social participation in the urban management system. These variables are then tested against the study case occurring in the municipality of Olinda, in order to verify the quality and development of the proposed participatory process.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e analisar os fatores determinantes para a construção e consolidação da participação social no planejamento e na gestão urbana, tendo como referência empírica o processo de discussão pública do orçamento participativo desenvolvido no município de Olinda-PE. A partir das discussões teóricas sobre o planejamento e a gestão urbana participativos e estudos empíricos já realizados sobre as experiências do orçamento participativo no Brasil e, principalmente, em Porto Alegre, são identificadas as variáveis que explicariam a participação social na gestão urbana e quais as condicionantes fundamentais para a consolidação de uma prática de gestão democrática da cidade. Essas variáveis posteriormente são testadas na experiência do orçamento participativo de Olinda, com o intuito de avaliar a evolução e a qualidade do processo participativo.
49
Möller, Kerstin. "Impact on participation and service for persons with deafblindness." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2027.
Abstract:
Persons with deafblindness experience difficulties in daily life and they experience service to sometimes barrier. The overall aim of this thesis is therefore to discover, evaluate and explain: 1. mechanisms that might have impact on participation restrictions for people who have visual and hearing impairment i.e. deafblindness and 2. mechanisms that might barrier service to these people. Service is used as an umbrella term for health care, education and certain service for persons with disabilities. Materials from multiple sources have been used: literature (Study I No 96 papers). Interviews (Study I and V) with 32 and 3 adults with deafblindness respectively. Questionnaires (Study II and III): answered by 33 and 34 adults and youth with deafblindness. Patient records (Study IV and V): records from 9 and 3 adult females with USH I respectively. Materials mostly retrospectively cover the period from 2005 and about 40–50 years. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) were consequently used as a framework to describe as well as a tool to analyze mechanisms. Further, the Ecological approach, Disability as a laminated system and Life course approach were used in order to evaluate and explain mechanisms. The conclusions that can be drawn from an ecological, laminated and life course approach are: Participation restrictions for people with deafblindness are far-reaching and are embedded in a complex process of interaction between the person with deafblindness and the environment. Services entail systematical barriers. In order to improve service it is extremely important to understand the role of participation restrictions in deafblindness. Primary activity limitation is to not see and hear enough for comprehension. Hence, not taking part in the visible and audible world is primary participation restriction. Performing activities without basic information includes risk. One important aspect of deafblindness is exposure. Persons with deafblindness require rehabilitation in a life perspective. In order to increase people’s participation and protection requirement of individually adapted support and assistive devices is necessary. ICF and the UN convention support service alterations.
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Alves, Angeline Coimbra Tostes de Martino. "O sentido da participação social : um estudo de casos múltiplos no setor de política urbana de Niterói-RJ." Niterói, 2016. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/2380.
Abstract:
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Conselho Regional de Enfermagem do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar o sentido das instituições participativas, como espaço de deliberação, participação e controle social - em face do frequente diagnóstico de mau desempenho dos seus mecanismos de funcionamento. Inicialmente, buscou-se contextualizar o período que vai do final da década de 1960 adiante, para que se possa compreender os efeitos da crise do sistema fordista na economia, na sociedade e no Estado. Depois foi abordada a teoria democrática, desde a Grécia, para que ficassem claros os efeitos do poder e da riqueza nas relações entre Estado-sociedade. É a relação dialética entre Estado-sociedade, ou seja, entre a necessidade de desemancipação das classes dominantes (Estado) para que as demais se emancipem, que explica muito dessas contradições e ambiguidades, que perduram até hoje, sob o prisma da crise de representatividade. Foi utilizada a Teoria da Democracia Deliberativa de Jürgen Habermas para analisar os estudos múltiplos de caso, cujos objetos empíricos foram: o Conselho Municipal de Política Urbana de Niterói (COMPUR) e o Fórum de Política Urbana de Niterói (FOPUR). Na tentativa de compreender como os governos eleitos após o período da redemocratização brasileira, de forma direta, se relacionaram com essas instituições, um dos capítulos se ocupa de caracterizar esse período até chegar à década de 1990, quando entra em cena no Brasil uma disputa entre dois projetos políticos: o gerencial e o societal. Através dos estudos empíricos e da revisão bibliográfica foi possível não só responder aos objetivos do trabalho, mas verificar o quão subjugadas à economia estão a política e a sociedade, em virtude dos efeitos de uma ideologia hegemônica internacional. Assim, observa-se através da análise de discurso das entrevistas e da observação não-participante das reuniões, várias das respostas que esse trabalho pretendia encontrar, como compreender, que apesar das dificuldades, essas instituições têm um papel de suma importância para o desenvolvimento da sociedade como um todo.
The aim of this work is to identify the sense of participative institutions as an area of deliberation, participation and social control due to the frequent diagnosis of their mechanisms of working. Initially we sought to contextualize the period that goes from the 60´s on, to understand the effects of the crise in the fordist system in economy, society and State. After it was addressed the democratic theory, since Greece, to get clear the effects of the power and richness in the relations between State and society. It was the diacletical relation between State and society, in other words, between the necessity of disenfranchisement of the dominant classes (State) for the others to emancipate, which explains lots of these contraditions and ambiguities that last until now, following the perspective of the crise of representativeness. It was used the theory of deliberative democracy of Jürgen Habermas to analyse the multiple studies of the case whose empirical objects were: the Municipal Council of Urban Politics of Niterói (COMPUR) and Forum of Urban Politics of Niterói (FOPUR). In an attempt to understand how the governaments elected after the period of Brazilian redemocratization, in a direct way, had a relation with these instituitions. One of the chapters aims to characterize this period until the 90´s, when a dispute between two political projects, the managerial and societal, happens in Brazil. Through the empirical studies and bibliographical review were possible not only to reply the aims of the work but also to verify how subdued to economy, politics and society are, due to the effects of an international hegemonic ideology. Therefore, we observe through the analysis of the discourse of de interviews and non-participant observation of the meetings, lots of the answers that this worked intended to find, like understand that, in spite of difficulties, these instituitions have an important role for the development of the whole world.