Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social ordering'

The emergence of Indochina in the French imagination was articulated in both representational and institutional modes. Representation involves the transmission of colonial ideals through more obtuse means; that is, through literary texts, travelogues, exhibitions, film and advertising. However, these textual sites feed from and invest in a material situation, which was the institutional arm of colonialism. Indochina was institutionally articulated in cartographic maps and surveys, in the new social spaces of cities and towns, in architectural and technological forms, through social technologies of discipline and welfare and in cultural and religious organisations. The aim of this thesis is to analyse, across a number of textual sites, the representation and institutionalisation of Otherness through the politics of space in the French colony of Indochina, Indochine in this sense becomes a spatial discourse. The French constructed a mental and physical space for Indochina by blanketing and suffocating the original cultural landscape, which in fact had to be ignored for this process to occur. What actually became manifest as a result of this projection stemmed from the French imagination. Just as the French manipulated space, language also underwent the same process of reduction. The Vietnamese script was latinised to make it more 'useable' and ‘accessible’. Through christening the union of Indochina; initiating a comprehensive writing reform; and renaming the streets in the colonial cities, the French used language us another tool for 'making transparent'. Furthermore, the colonial powers established a communication and transport network throughout the colony in an attempt to materialise their fictive (artificial) vision of a unified French Indochinese space. The accessibility and design of these different modes of transport reflected the gendered, racial and class divisions inherent in the colonial establishment. At the heart of representing and institutionalising Indochina was the desire to control and contain. This characterised French imperial ordering of space in the city and the rural areas. In rural areas land was divided into small parcels and alienated to individuals or worked into precise grids for the rubber plantation. In urban centres the native quarter was clearly demarcated from the European quarter which functioned as its modern, progressive Other. The rationale behind this segregation was premised on European, nineteenth century discourses of race, class, gender and hygiene. Influenced by Darwinian and neo-Lamarkian theories of race, this biological discourse identified the 'working class', 'women' and 'the native' as not only biologically but also culturally inferior. They were perceived as a potential, degenerative threat to the biological, cultural and industrial development of the nation. In the colonial context, space was thus ordered and domesticated to control the native population. Coextensively, the literature which springs from such a structure will be tainted by the same ideas, and thus the spaces it formulates within the readers mind feed on and reinforce this foundation. Examples of gender and indigenous narratives which contest this imaginative, transparent topography are analysed throughout this thesis. They provide instances of struggle and resistance which undermine the ideal/stereotypical level of architectural and planned space and delineate an alternative insight into colonial spatial and social relations. The fictional accounts of European women and indigenous writers both challenge and reaffirm the fixity of some of these idealised colonial boundaries. In various literary, historical, political, architectural and cinematic discourses Indochina has been und continues to be depicted as a modern city and exotic Utopia. Informed by the mood of nostalgia, exotic images of Indochina have resurfaced in contemporary French culture. France's continued desire to create, control and maintain an Indochinese space in the French public imagination reinforces the multi-layered, interconnected and persistent nature of colonial discourse.

Although International Relations scholars make frequent reference to the Middle Ages, most of our ideas about the period are not based on extensive empirical studies. Instead, they rely on a common imaginary of Medieval Europe as an unspecified and idealised system of overlapping authority and multiple loyalties. This thesis recovers a historical understanding of the late-medieval international order by focusing on the fundamental conceptions of the organization of the social held by medieval international practitioners. In particular, it examines a specific community of practice: lawyers of the ius commune from the twelfth to the fourteenth centuries. In doing so, this thesis makes three contributions to the IR literature. From a theoretical point of view, it adds to both English School and constructivist studies of historical international order by focusing on the process of differentiation through representation, as well as on contestation within it. In doing so, it argues for a move from a static understanding of order to the more dynamic notion of ordering. Secondly, it contributes methodologically to the historical study of ideas by proposing a methodological emphasis on communities of practitioners as a middle-ground between abstract constructivism and narrow Skinnerian analysis that facilitates the historically grounded consideration of the ordering role of language and ideas. Finally, empirically, this thesis demonstrates the analytical leverage gained from these theoretical moves by providing a detailed account of the international order from the twelfth to the fourteenth centuries, focusing not only on stability, but also on the contentious process of ordering. As a result, this thesis provides a new understanding of late-medieval notions of political authority, community, polity, and identity, while simultaneously highlighting the politics of representation behind them.

This study is an exploratory attempt to develop theoretical insights into the organisational capacity for social innovation, utilising a qualitative inquiry into the internal and external practices of a socially focussed organisation. By appreciating the lived experiences of engaging in these practices, the research looks to surface elements that contribute to the social sensitivity required to engage the complexity of social systems. Based in the social constructivism of Berger & Luckman (1966), and the associated institutional theory, seeing the structures which "enable and constrain agents" (Cajaiba-santana, 2014), the research contributes to the fields of collaborative experiential surfacing (W. Nilsson & Paddock, 2013) and resilience within social innovation (Westley, 2013). Through an autoethnographic data collection process, the findings of this study come to witness the different elements of how experiential practises can bring to an organisation a deep connection to social nuances, and challenge traditional structures of authority. The emerging nature of the social innovations developed and the dialogical relationships that support this, are found to be key elements in the context of this study.

This thesis considers the perceptions and enactment of social and urban order in the estate society of eighteenth-century Sweden. The central concept of order is approached as something which becomes most readily available when it has been transgressed against, and attempts are made to regain it. This is employed by exploring the practices of Sweden’s first proper police, the Royal Police Chamber of Stockholm founded in 1776, during its establishing year. The analytical part of the thesis is divided into three chapters. The first considers contemporary ideas of order in connection to the new organization, as to give a hint of the ideals which were said to be strived for. The second analytical chapter explores the nature of disorder, asking what, who and where made its way into the registers of the Chamber. Through these questions categories of disorder, norms of identification and abstract geographies are identified and used to tell of the things perceived as disorderly. In the third analytical chapter the how of ordering is considered as the acts taken against disorder are studied. Correction dominated, rather than punishment, thus echoing the ideas of order to a significant degree. Overall, this thesis can be said to accomplish in-depth basic empirical research on a hereto little studied material. The Chamber is shown to from the start to have taken an extremely active part in controlling and constructing society around it, something done by making a good effort towards fulfilling the panoptic ideal. Though not perfectly achieved, its practices are thus shown to adhere to a larger European trend of the period. Three concepts emerge as essential and fundamental to how social and urban order was perceived. These are the street and particularly the visibility thereupon exhibited, adding that order often only could be regained by establishing responsibility for those moving there. The centrality of the public sphere of the streets even goes beyond expectations and it appears as the main feature of enacting order. As such it is found to be both a material concept and imbued with meaning in itself.
Se ståndssamhället! Olikheternas kultur i Sverige under tidigmodern tid

Trata da problemática dos riscos socioambientais, relacionando-os às fragilidades do ambientes, à vulnerabilidade da sociedade e ao uso e ocupação da terra. Maior ênfase, no entanto, é dada às áreas urbanizadas, em especial na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Referida cidade passou por um crescimento desordenado, que trouxe uma série de problemas socioambientais. O estudo da fragilidade ambiental tem bases teóricas, metodológicas e conceituais na análise ambiental integrada, que perpassa a funcionalidade dos ambientes, considerando, inclusive, os processos históricos de produção e construção do território. A vulnerabilidade social e os padrões de uso e ocupação da terra definem a exposição dos grupos sociais aos riscos. A associação dessas características possibilitou o estabelecimento de diferentes categorias de susceptibilidade aos riscos, considerando de um lado as fragilidades ambientais em face do desenvolvimento das atividades humanas, e, de outro lado, por meio do índice sintético da vulnerabilidade social à distribuição desigual da população e dos riscos no território. Deste modo, foram estabelecidas bases que possam conduzir a um adequado ordenamento do território, com vistas a minimizar a incidência dos riscos socioambientais.
This research is about the issue of socioenvironmental risks and its relations with environmental fragility, the societies vulnerability and land use and occupation. Its focused on urban areas, especially in Fortaleza (CE). The accelerated and disordered occupation in Fortaleza has bought several socioenvironmental problems. The environmental fragility issue has its theoretical, methodological and conceptual bases on integrated analysis that encompasses the environments functionality considering the historical production processes and the construction of territory. The social vulnerability and the land use and occupation patterns define the social groups exposure to risks. The association of such characteristics was used to establish different susceptibility categories to the risks, considering on one hand the environmental fragilities face to human activities development, and in the other, the population distribution and risks on the territory by the synthetic index of social vulnerability. In this sense, bases that lead to an adequate territorial ordering were established aiming to minimize the incidence of socioenvironmental risks.

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Purpose - This research analyzes how corporate narrative disclosure can be manipulated by preparers of accounting information to create a favorable impression of the company through an examination of two different impression-management (IM) strategies: (i) attribution, and (ii) ordering or physical location of information. Design/Methodology - We conducted a 4×2 mixed-design experiment to examine the impact of attribution and optimal direction of information order on earnings forecast and the impression created about the company. Findings - Results show that the favorable report read first, without attribution, positively affects the investor, and that the favorable information read first, with attribution, undermines the positive effect. Conversely, presenting unfavorable information, with attribution, first, minimizes the impact of this information. Our findings confirm self-promoter’s paradox idea. We also tested a sandwich and an interspersed ordering (control) group; these had the worst results. In a mediation analysis, we found that perceived impression about the company mediates the relationship between information and decision-making. In addition, our results show a significant difference in decision-making influenced by users’ characteristics. In a robustness test, we tested credibility of information as an alternative explanation, finding that credibility was not an alternative explanation for investors’ decision found in the experiment. We conclude by offering suggestions for further study of IM. Originality – To our knowledge, this is the first study that analyses the effects of both attribution and ordering strategies at the same time. Literature has addressed both strategies separately but has not discussed their interactive effect. This research addresses this gap.

This thesis focuses on the relationships between agency, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and people with disability (in various ages). The aim has been to create an understanding by describing and analysing, and as such, to develop knowledge of how people with disabilities experience agency, ICT, and disability in their everyday lives. The frame of reference is inspired by disability studies, feminist studies and science and technologies studies (STS). The empirical material was collected in, Norrbotten (Sweden’s northernmost region) and Muscat (the capital area of the Sultanate of Oman) by an autobiographical account, audio-visual material, drawings, interviews, observations, and reading of textual documents. The thesis consists of six papers. The main findings outline that agency, ICT, disability, and gender are part of intra-actions between material entities (such as bodies, technologies, etc.) and practices. The thesis also explores that disability in Sweden and Oman are understood in a variety of ways. Additionally, it presents that the combination of the notions of interference with situated knowledges can contribute with alternative methodological insights about the interference of disability, gender, ICT, the participants’ and researchers’ experiences and understandings to make accountable knowledge claims. Moreover, the thesis presents that material entities (bodies and technologies) and practices are part of different modes of ordering disability which bear effects on the lives of people with disabilities. It additionally disentangles that materialities such as the Internet intra-act with other material entities (for instance, bodies) and practices which enact various forms of agency which bear effects on the everyday lives of people with disability and their ways to participate. Finally, the thesis outlines some implications that an intra-acting understanding of the use of Internet can contribute with in research which focuses on disability, participation, and agency.

This thesis investigates the relationship between objects and organisational forms, with particular reference to the transformation and enactment of clinical and administrative objects, practices and relations within NHS inpatient and community care settings. Through the use of an ethnographic style of enquiry this thesis investigates inpatient admission and discharge processes in the light of various health and social care practices, service commissioning issues, the Department of Health's initiative of the Care Planning Approach and other local electronic-based initiatives, and how this relates to the notions of "good" and "bad" practices, changing regimes of trust from practitioners to administrators, and from experts to documentary evidence. In particular, a range of narratives associated with mental health care which seek to provide a coordinating frame for different relations are reviewed. This involves exploring the attempts to link different information practices and ontologically distinct objects, and how this process relies on both multiplicity and singularity (e.g. both a sense of stability and heterogenous relations). Finally, this research examines how these mediating objects and processes in acute inpatient care settings seek to contribute to the creation of composite conditions and multiple bodies that fractionally relate to one another, but also the many problems experienced by those involved in the process of mental health care. In conclusion, this thesis explores several issues relating to specific organisational practices of care planning and record keeping, as well as broader questions of how objects are both enacted and enact practices in relation to complex modes of orderings and standardisation.

El objetivo central de ésta investigación es el análisis del Sistema Arbitral de Consumo en España y México, su ámbito de aplicación y sus principales características, así como la Mediación y la Conciliación de una forma general, que tienen lugar dentro del mismo contexto. Por ello se investigaron las distintas normativas que regulan el procedimiento especial en el ámbito del consumo en ambos países respecto a sus bondades, ventajas, limitaciones y los campos de oportunidad, en este sentido se utilizó el método de investigación de estudio de casos de tipo explicativo, apoyándose en fuentes de Investigación Jurídica, como leyes, jurisprudencia y doctrina, concluyendo con propuestas de algunas adiciones de ambos sistemas sustanciales y destacando los logros que se obtendrán de la instalación de una reforma legislativa al sistema en beneficio de la comunidad.
The objective of this research is the analysis of Consumer Arbitration System in Spain and Mexico, its scope and its main features, as well as mediation and conciliation taking place within the context. We investigated the different regulations governing special procedure in both countries regarding their benefits, advantages, limitations and areas of opportunity, in that way the research method of case study explanatory type was used, leaning on sources of legal research, such as laws, jurisprudence and doctrine, concluding with the suggestion of some additions to both substantial systems and highlighting the achievements to be obtained from the installation of a legislative reform to the system, in benefit of the community.

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This dissertation in inserted in a controversy around rationality in frames developed to deal with the application of legal principals proportionality. As a first approach, proportionality is a possible manner by which the applicant interpreter in legal rights solves conflicts among legal principals by deciding which one of them will have precedence upon one another regarding phatic circumstances e legal ones in a concrete case. Proportionality is not unanimity as it has its own thought, being either controversy. Differences involves since its ideal thinking in legal principals all the way to duty rules up to the form of solving conflicts among them. In these analyses, it is necessary to take into account the need of a relationship between proportionality and fundamental Law. In the development of this research it has been used compared Law aiming in demonstrating proportionality not assumed in the same examination in all nations, either when it comes to its origin and structure. It has been also used the analysis in the Supreme Court in Brazil aiming in identifying differences and the act of questioning the use of proportionality by its ministers. Thus, it has been analyzed proportionality on Legislative Parliament. Finally, such study aims in showing authors who sustain proportionality, how do they bring its contents and how it can be brought up on legal decisioning. In other words, its argumentation consists of demonstrating what the critics are all about in a subjective way and not being controlled upon fails in Law as it is possible to deconstruct legal decisions and doctrinaire opinions in a way to identify reasons why differences may enable rational control in making use of proportionality
Esta dissertação insere-se na polêmica acerca da racionalidade de uma das formas desenvolvidas para lidar com a aplicação de princípios jurídicos a proporcionalidade. Como primeira aproximação, a proporcionalidade é uma possível maneira pela qual o intérpreteaplicador do direito resolve conflitos entre princípios jurídicos, decidindo qual deles terá precedência sobre o outro diante das circunstâncias fáticas e jurídicas do caso concreto. Ocorre que a proporcionalidade não é uma unanimidade, eis que possui sua própria racionalidade, racionalidade esta controversa. As divergências envolvem desde a própria conceituação de princípios jurídicos como normas de dever-ser até a forma de resolver conflitos entre eles. Nessa análise, há que se levar em conta ainda a necessária relação entre proporcionalidade e direitos fundamentais. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi utilizado o direito comparado, com o objetivo de demonstrar que a proporcionalidade não assume a mesma feição em todas as nações, seja no tocante à sua origem, seja no tocante à sua estrutura. Por conseguinte foi também utilizada a análise de julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro, a fim de identificar as divergências e questionar o uso da proporcionalidade pelos ministros. E por fim analisou-se a proporcionalidade sob a perspectiva do Poder Legislativo. Desse modo, a dissertação busca mostrar onde os autores que criticam e sustentam a proporcionalidade divergem, e como isso pode ser trazido também para a seara da decisão judicial. Em outras palavras, seu argumento consiste na demonstração de que a crítica à proporcionalidade como forma subjetiva e não controlável de aplicação do direito falha, porque é possível desconstruir as decisões judiciais e as posições doutrinárias, de maneira a identificar as razões para as divergências e possibilitar o controle racional do uso da proporcionalidade

In the early years of the twentieth-century, the British Columbia government used game law and conservation as a pretext for the establishment of an alternative, liberal order land regime in the northern reaches of the province. A. Bryan Williams, the first Provincial Game Warden (1905-1918), implemented this new order through legal strictures, promotion of tourism and settlement, and the operation of a wildlife conservation agenda designed to secure control over land managed by Indigenous peoples. The Tahltan of the Stikine Plateau, aided by the activism of ethnographer, hunting guide and Indigenous rights advocate James A. Teit, resisted the encroachment of their hunting territory by emphasizing connections to their land and resources. I analyse the correspondence between these two men to determine the extent of their contributions to the imposition of a new wildlife management agenda, resistance to it, and the incorporation of Indigenous peoples into a wage economy. In addition, I make preliminary attempts to integrate Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony, complemented by Ian McKay's understanding of the liberal order as a `project of rule', into the historiography of British Columbia. I contend that an analysis of colonial hegemonies and local counter-hegemonies can contribute to an understanding of the historical dimensions of power and resistance, both actual and discursive.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
O presente estudo consiste na abordagem do procedimento sancionatório no âmbito do direito marítimo português. Na investigação, trato da origem e enquadramento do Direito de Mera Ordenação Social no nosso ordenamento jurídico, demonstrando a importância do poder sancionatório da Administração Pública com vista à prossecução do interesse público, e indico em traços gerais o regime geral contra-ordenacional. Apesar de não tratar todos os regimes sancionatórios marítimos existentes, porque são mais de vinte, cingi-me aos mais importantes, nomeadamente, os que enquadram as matérias das pescas, da poluição do meio marinho e da segurança marítima e respectivas contra-ordenações impostas e determinadas pelas Capitanias dos Portos como órgãos locais da Autoridade Marítima Nacional, abordando as competências de fiscalização e instrução da Polícia Marítima.O presente estudo consiste na abordagem do procedimento sancionatório no âmbito do direito marítimo português. Na investigação, trato da origem e enquadramento do Direito de Mera Ordenação Social no nosso ordenamento jurídico, demonstrando a importância do poder sancionatório da Administração Pública com vista à prossecução do interesse público, e indico em traços gerais o regime geral contra-ordenacional. Apesar de não tratar todos os regimes sancionatórios marítimos existentes, porque são mais de vinte, cingi-me aos mais importantes, nomeadamente, os que enquadram as matérias das pescas, da poluição do meio marinho e da segurança marítima e respectivas contra-ordenações impostas e determinadas pelas Capitanias dos Portos como órgãos locais da Autoridade Marítima Nacional, abordando as competências de fiscalização e instrução da Polícia Marítima.O presente estudo consiste na abordagem do procedimento sancionatório no âmbito do direito marítimo português. Na investigação, trato da origem e enquadramento do Direito de Mera Ordenação Social no nosso ordenamento jurídico, demonstrando a importância do poder sancionatório da Administração Pública com vista à prossecução do interesse público, e indico em traços gerais o regime geral contra-ordenacional. Apesar de não tratar todos os regimes sancionatórios marítimos existentes, porque são mais de vinte, cingi-me aos mais importantes, nomeadamente, os que enquadram as matérias das pescas, da poluição do meio marinho e da segurança marítima e respectivas contra-ordenações impostas e determinadas pelas Capitanias dos Portos como órgãos locais da Autoridade Marítima Nacional, abordando as competências de fiscalização e instrução da Polícia Marítima.O presente estudo consiste na abordagem do procedimento sancionatório no âmbito do direito marítimo português. Na investigação, trato da origem e enquadramento do Direito de Mera Ordenação Social no nosso ordenamento jurídico, demonstrando a importância do poder sancionatório da Administração Pública com vista à prossecução do interesse público, e indico em traços gerais o regime geral contra-ordenacional. Apesar de não tratar todos os regimes sancionatórios marítimos existentes, porque são mais de vinte, cingi-me aos mais importantes, nomeadamente, os que enquadram as matérias das pescas, da poluição do meio marinho e da segurança marítima e respectivas contra-ordenações impostas e determinadas pelas Capitanias dos Portos como órgãos locais da Autoridade Marítima Nacional, abordando as competências de fiscalização e instrução da Polícia Marítima.O presente estudo consiste na abordagem do procedimento sancionatório no âmbito do direito marítimo português. Na investigação, trato da origem e enquadramento do Direito de Mera Ordenação Social no nosso ordenamento jurídico, demonstrando a importância do poder sancionatório da Administração Pública com vista à prossecução do interesse público, e indico em traços gerais o regime geral contra-ordenacional. Apesar de não tratar todos os regimes sancionatórios marítimos existentes, porque são mais de vinte, cingi-me aos mais importantes, nomeadamente, os que enquadram as matérias das pescas, da poluição do meio marinho e da segurança marítima e respectivas contra-ordenações impostas e determinadas pelas Capitanias dos Portos como órgãos locais da Autoridade Marítima Nacional, abordando as competências de fiscalização e instrução da Polícia Marítima.O presente estudo consiste na abordagem do procedimento sancionatório no âmbito do direito marítimo português. Na investigação, trato da origem e enquadramento do Direito de Mera Ordenação Social no nosso ordenamento jurídico, demonstrando a importância do poder sancionatório da Administração Pública com vista à prossecução do interesse público, e indico em traços gerais o regime geral contra-ordenacional. Apesar de não tratar todos os regimes sancionatórios marítimos existentes, porque são mais de vinte, cingi-me aos mais importantes, nomeadamente, os que enquadram as matérias das pescas, da poluição do meio marinho e da segurança marítima e respectivas contra-ordenações impostas e determinadas
This study consists of the sanctioning procedure approach in the Portuguese maritime law. In this research, we examine the origin and framing of the Right of Social Ordering in our legal system, demonstrating the importance of the sanctioning power of the Public Administration with a view to pursue public interest, and indicate in general terms the general sanctioning regime. Although we do not look into all the existing maritime sanctioning regimes – there are more than 20 of them – we refer to the most important ones, in particular those relating to fisheries, pollution of the sea, maritime safety and the related offenses to the decisions determined by the Port Captaincies as local structures of the National Maritime Authority. We also address the inspection and investigation competences of the Maritime Police.This study consists of the sanctioning procedure approach in the Portuguese maritime law. In this research, we examine the origin and framing of the Right of Social Ordering in our legal system, demonstrating the importance of the sanctioning power of the Public Administration with a view to pursue public interest, and indicate in general terms the general sanctioning regime. Although we do not look into all the existing maritime sanctioning regimes – there are more than 20 of them – we refer to the most important ones, in particular those relating to fisheries, pollution of the sea, maritime safety and the related offenses to the decisions determined by the Port Captaincies as local structures of the National Maritime Authority. We also address the inspection and investigation competences of the Maritime Police.This study consists of the sanctioning procedure approach in the Portuguese maritime law. In this research, we examine the origin and framing of the Right of Social Ordering in our legal system, demonstrating the importance of the sanctioning power of the Public Administration with a view to pursue public interest, and indicate in general terms the general sanctioning regime. Although we do not look into all the existing maritime sanctioning regimes – there are more than 20 of them – we refer to the most important ones, in particular those relating to fisheries, pollution of the sea, maritime safety and the related offenses to the decisions determined by the Port Captaincies as local structures of the National Maritime Authority. We also address the inspection and investigation competences of the Maritime Police.This study consists of the sanctioning procedure approach in the Portuguese maritime law. In this research, we examine the origin and framing of the Right of Social Ordering in our legal system, demonstrating the importance of the sanctioning power of the Public Administration with a view to pursue public interest, and indicate in general terms the general sanctioning regime. Although we do not look into all the existing maritime sanctioning regimes – there are more than 20 of them – we refer to the most important ones, in particular those relating to fisheries, pollution of the sea, maritime safety and the related offenses to the decisions determined by the Port Captaincies as local structures of the National Maritime Authority. We also address the inspection and investigation competences of the Maritime Police.This study consists of the sanctioning procedure approach in the Portuguese maritime law. In this research, we examine the origin and framing of the Right of Social Ordering in our legal system, demonstrating the importance of the sanctioning power of the Public Administration with a view to pursue public interest, and indicate in general terms the general sanctioning regime. Although we do not look into all the existing maritime sanctioning regimes – there are more than 20 of them – we refer to the most important ones, in particular those relating to fisheries, pollution of the sea, maritime safety and the related offenses to the decisions determined by the Port Captaincies as local structures of the National Maritime Authority. We also address the inspection and investigation competences of the Maritime Police.This study consists of the sanctioning procedure approach in the Portuguese maritime law. In this research, we examine the origin and framing of the Right of Social Ordering in our legal system, demonstrating the importance of the sanctioning power of the Public Administration with a view to pursue public interest, and indicate in general terms the general sanctioning regime. Although we do not look into all the existing maritime sanctioning regimes – there are more than 20 of them – we refer to the most important ones, in particular those relating to fisheries, pollution of the sea, maritime safety and the related offenses to the decisions determined by the Port Captaincies as local structures of the National Maritime Authority. We also address the inspection and investigation competences of the Maritime Police.This study consists of the sanctioning procedure approac

In this thesis, a particular class of agent is singled out for examination. In order to provide a guiding metaphor, we speak of control room agents. Our focus is on rational decision- making by such agents, where the circumstances obtaining are such that rationality is bounded. Control room agents, whether human or non-human, need to reason and act in a changing environment with only limited information available to them. Determining the current state of the environment is a central concern for control room agents if they are to reason and act sensibly. A control room agent cannot plan its actions without having an internal representation (epistemic state) of its environment, and cannot make rational decisions unless this representation, to some level of accuracy, reflects the state of its environment. The focus of this thesis is on three aspects regarding the epistemic functioning of a control room agent: 1. How should the epistemic state of a control room agent be represented in order to facilitate logical analysis? 2. How should a control room agent change its epistemic state upon receiving new information? 3. How should a control room agent combine available information from different sources? In describing the class of control room agents as first-order intentional systems hav- ing both informational and motivational attitudes, an agent-oriented view is adopted. The central construct used in the information-theoretic approach, which is qualitative in nature, is the concept of a templated ordering. Representing the epistemic state of a control room agent by a (special form of) tem- plated ordering signals a departure from the many approaches in which only the beliefs of an agent are represented. Templated orderings allow for the representation of both knowledge and belief. A control room agent changes its epistemic state according to a proposed epistemic change algorithm, which allows the agent to select between two well-established forms of belief change operations, namely, belief revision and belief update. The combination of (possibly conflicting) information from different sources has re- ceived a lot of attention in recent years. Using templated orderings for the semantic representation of information, a new family of purely qualitative merging operations is developed.
School of Computing
Ph. D. (Computer Science)

With the increase of convenience service offers responding to shifting consumer demands, online food delivery has gained relevance in recent years, and just now receives accelerated importance due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This work illustrates technological and cultural differences regarding food between the capitals of Portugal and Germany. Restaurants in Lisbon and Berlin need to realize the existential meaning of (digital) changes in consumer behavior concerning new generations of customers who grow up as digital natives, especially in the current crisis. Third-party online ordering platforms might take advantage of consumers’ faster food and digital adoption in the long run. Convenience was found to be a critical driver of shifts in consumers’ online food ordering behavior. This research examines effects for Portuguese and German digital natives in Lisbon and Berlin. Therein, it studies the direct impact of personal digital maturity on third-party online ordering maturity, third-party online ordering overall enjoyment, online shopping maturity, and online shopping spending. Further, the moderating effect of Hofstede’s individualism dimension, as well as the mediating effect of online shopping enjoyment, are explored. Results indicate that digital maturity has an impact on all variables except online shopping spending. Therein, highly digitally mature respondents show higher frequencies of third-party online ordering and online shopping, as well as higher enjoyment of third-party online ordering. Individualism significantly moderates the effect for online shopping spending. It is found that highly digitally mature Germans spend more money than Portuguese. Online shopping enjoyment mediates the impact for all dependent variables.
Com o aumento da oferta de serviços de conveniência em resposta às alterações dos padrões de procura, os serviços de entrega de comida na internet ganharam relevância nos últimos anos. A pandemia COVID-19 veio acelerar este processo. Neste trabalho analisam-se as diferenças tecnológicas e culturais relativas a comida entre as capitais de Portugal e Alemanha. Os restaurantes em Lisboa e Berlim devem tomar consciência do alcance das alterações nos padrões de consumo nas novas gerações, que cresceram como nativos digitais. As plataformas de encomenda de comida na internet podem tirar vantagem da adopção cada vez mais rápida de serviços digitais por parte dos consumidores, a longo prazo. Esta investigação estuda o impacto da maturidade digital individual na utilização de serviços de compras na internet, na sua fruição, maturidade e no dispêndio nessas compras. Adicionalmente explora o efeito moderador da dimensão de individualismo de Hofstede, bem como o efeito de mediação da fruição das compras. Os resultados mostram que a maturidade digital tem impacto em todas as variáveis, excepto no dispêndio em compras. Os inquiridos com níveis mais elevados de maturidade digital evidenciam frequências mais elevadas de compras de comida e de compras, bem como uma fruição mais elevada na compra de comida nas plataformas na internet. Conclui-se que o individualismo tem um efeito moderador significativo no nível de dispêndio em compras, que os alemães com maior maturidade digital dispendem mais que os portugueses e que o nível de fruição das compras tem um efeito moderador no impacto das variáveis dependentes.