Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social model of disability'
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Scullion, P. A. "Towards a social model of disability : challenging disability discrimination in adult nursing." Thesis, Coventry University, 2010. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/9308b19f-63f8-4037-832c-10eb67cfe3e9/1.
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This portfolio examines, contextualises and evaluates the contribution of six selected publications focussed on the social model of disability and discrimination within adult nursing in the UK. The publications all appear in peer reviewed journals and trace a developing understanding of the concept "disability‟, recognition of the impact of discrimination and the role that nurses play in sustaining this situation. It develops the idea that a shift towards the social model of disability will be instrumental in challenging disability related discrimination. Implications for adult nursing are examined including the potential of social advocacy and the need for a closer relationship between nursing studies and disability studies. The contribution to the knowledge base is unique in the context of adult nursing suggesting that embracing the social model may facilitate a legitimate contribution to the aims of the disability movement. A framework is developed for the evaluation of the contribution of the submitted papers using the concepts; Model of disability, Interests being served, Non-exploitative approaches and Challenging disablism by extensive dissemination [MINC]. The portfolio draws on many more than the six submitted papers in demonstrating an extensive dissemination strategy. The complexity of the concept of disability and the role of nurses in disability research is explored and critiqued. Contemporary critical theory is drawn on as an epistemological base combining critical analysis and reflexivity with empirical procedures. It concludes with tangible links into future developments of this body of work in championing the need for challenging discrimination and the potential use of the social model as a valuable tool in moving towards this goal.
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Aylott, Jill. "Developing a social understanding of autism through the 'social model'." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2003. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19299/.
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The aim of this study is to design an innovative research methodology to engage young people with a label of 'autism', in the research process. Advancement in the creation of a new and innovative research methodology made it possible for 11 young people to communicate with the researcher about what was important to them as they went through adolescence. 'Barriers' to inclusion in the research process were challenged by developing, practical ways to de-code and translate complex communication systems through the design of a 'communication profile'. Engaging young people with a label of 'autism' in a way that enables them to lead and direct the research process is new and challenges traditional research assumptions. It also challenges traditional research methods used with people with a label of Teaming difficulties' and questions the validity of 'researcher led' narrative. Utilising a more democratic process of 'inclusive' research methodology led to the findings that young people with a label of 'autism' are disabled by 'barriers' within wider society rather than by their perceived 'impairments'. The disabling barriers evident from this research were physical barriers (in relation the physical environment); support barriers (in relation to interpersonal relationships and support); and information barriers (the way information causes disabling barriers if it is not presented in ways that enables understanding). The findings significantly challenged current and past theories of autism and questioned the 'truth' in the 'knowledge' ascertained from positivist research methodologies. Listening to the collective 'voice' of young people with a label of 'autism', urges a move away from a reductionist explanation of 'impairment', to embrace the wider holistic explanation of autism as 'disability'. To advance the continuation of participation in research, this research study calls for a 'paradigm shift' in research methodology, to move away from 'positivist' research methodologies to advancing an 'emancipatory disability research' agenda. This research also calls for the inclusion of people with a label of 'autism' to become engaged in the wider 'social model of disability' debate and to become included as part of the wider disabled people's movement.
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Amoatey, Solomon Sackey. "Disability in Ghana." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1587471693522674.
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Wu, Sheng Kuang. "Development of a classification model in disability sport." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7093.
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The principal aim of this study was to develop a classification model in disability sports. Using disability swimming as an example, methods of participant observation, interview, survey and document analysis were undertaken in three empirical studies to develop and clarify the classification model and three elements in swimming classification- (a) the classification process, (b) classifiers and (c) the classification system. First, the swimming classification process was identified as a social process. Members in the classification process socially interacted. The detailed classification process was described, interpreted and discussed. Several features in the classification process were identified. They included interaction among social actors, routinization, rules in the process, resources used by classifiers, power relations among social actors, allocation of rewards and sanctions in the classification process, and conflicts among social actors. Second, the role of classifiers as an agent of social control in disability swimming was examined. Resources used by medical and technical classifiers in the classification process to maintain their role and social order, and the socialization of classifiers in swimming were specifically explored. In addition, the important characteristics of swimming classifiers were identified in the study. Third, classification outcomes in disability swimming were monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of the classification system. Performance and impairment approaches were used in the study. Data of performances and types of impairment of Paralympic swimmers were analysed. The results revealed that the swimming classification system was generally fair but some classes needed to be fine-tuned. In this study elements of the classification model were clarified by integration of the results of the three empirical studies and the classification literature. It is suggested that researchers may use the concepts of the classification model for further investigationin disability sportc lassificationa nd disability sport committees may apply the model to systematicallye valuatet heir own classification systems, processes and classifiers.
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Tucker, Joan A. "Local strategies in a global network : disability rights in Jamaica." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002117.
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Cappe, Shauna. "Social Barriers to Physical Activity for Individuals with Physical Disabilities." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23339.
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The purpose of this thesis was to explore socially constructed discursive barriers to physical activity for people with physical disabilities. This research was informed by a critical disability studies framework. Eight interviews were conducted, split between end-users and stakeholders. The end-user article discusses their perspectives with regard to their own PA participation, their use of PA resources, and their views of how disability is constructed. The stakeholder article deals with their views with regard to Canada’s progress in creating inclusive PA guidelines, the research process as it effects people with physical disabilities, and how disability is constructed. The results showed awareness among both groups of the social model of disability, but that the medical model is still firmly rooted. Work is needed to create inclusive promotional materials and disseminate them effectively. An effective advocacy and lobbying effort was suggested as one avenue towards a possible solution to this issue.
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Pathmathasan, Cynthia. "DISABILITY IN MEDICAL EDUCATION & TRAINING: A DISABILITY-FOCUSED MEDICAL CURRICULUM." NEOMED College of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ne2gs1622810204171811.
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Barcroft, Rachel. "Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis and fibromyalgia : a social model of disability perspective." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/87165/.
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This thesis is composed firstly of a literature review focusing on the attitudes of health professionals towards chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) and fibromyalgia. Secondly, a research paper explores the ways in which people living with CFS/ME have experienced psycho-emotional disablism. Finally, a critical appraisal discusses the process of conducting the research as well as its strengths and limitations. The literature review takes the form of a meta-synthesis regarding the attitudes of healthcare professionals towards CFS/ME and fibromyalgia. A meta-ethnographic approach was used with reciprocal translation producing the following themes: “Feeling hopeless and more hopeless”: psychological effects of lack of knowledge; “Your heart sinks when they come in the room”: stigma and stereotypes; and “I’m going to be with you through thick and thin”: management of the condition. The review highlights the difficulties faced by health professionals regarding the management and diagnosis of both conditions, as well as possible reasons for the negative attitudes held by some professionals. The research paper, which employed thematic analysis, explores the ways in which people living with CFS/ME have experienced psycho-emotional disablism. Three overarching themes were identified: “fighting to be heard”; “lack of legitimacy” and “feeling invisible”. Participants described the discrimination and stigma that they had encountered from many areas of society. Ideas for future research are proposed. The critical appraisal presents the author’s reflections on the research process as well as its strengths and limitations, and the five stages of the process are described as follows: choosing a thesis topic and designing the project; recruitment and research interviews; the interview process; analysis and writing up of the data; and the author’s reflections on the project.
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Mmatli, Tlamelo Odirile Mompati. "The lived experiences of people with disability in Botswana : an assessment of the veracity of the social model of disability /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18957.pdf.
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Amedi, Reving. "Disability in Kurdistan : A Study Seen From a Human Security Perspective." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19651.
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This paper is concerned with the developed area of Kurdistan, the Iraqi Kurdistan, and this paper will try to underline the situation of persons with disabilities living standards in Kurdistan. The research problem concerned with this topic is, what is being done by the different actors who have the power to influence the living standards of persons with disabilities in the region of Kurdistan. The purpose and aims of this paper is to highlight the importance of these living standards for these persons and how they feel they are being treated by the society as whole, both from the society (the people around them), and also the government, authorities and organizations at place for aid and assistance to those people. The main course of this paper has been laid on interviews with official persons from government and associations in Kurdistan. On the authorities and similar side, Salah Yousif Mohammed, the directorate of Disabled Care Duhok has been interviewed, together with Nassrat Mohammed Salem, the director of ZheenHandi Capped Association, Wahid Saeed Chicho, the director of Little People of Kurdistan Association and Khabat Islam Muhamad, Dohuk Program Manager for the Voice of Older People (VOP). These interviews together with interviews with persons with disabilities have laid forward a comprehensive matter of facts at hand to study. Social Constructivism, Human Security and Disability have been chosen as theoretical framework of this paper to help for better understanding of the purpose of this paper. Both Social Constructivism and Human Security help to define and better understand the concept of Disability in Kurdistan. The Social Model of Disability in Sweden has also been included in Disability for better understanding of a successful example.
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Rosenberg, David. "Psychiatric disability in the community : Surveying the social landscape in the post-deinstitutional era." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-26004.
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This dissertation presents a discussion of life in the community for people experiencing psychiatric disabilities in the post-deinstitutional era, with the goal of developing knowledge that can suggest a focus for planning more relevant services and supports. While evaluations of deinsitutionalization have focused on possibilities for providing community, rather than hospital-based services for these individuals, the intention was to support a participatory life in the community, a life defined by much more than just care and treatment. The Mental Health Care Reform of 1995 in Sweden paved the way for this more community-based view of needs related to psychiatric disabilities, as local social services became responsible for supports to a participatory life, “like all others”. The general aim of this dissertation was to explore and analyze the results of a series of surveys of psychiatric disability, in order to develop knowledge of the social context of the lives which individuals experiencing these disabilities live in the community. More specifically, the aim was to; • describe contacts/interactions between these individuals and the societal organisations with which they seek services or support. • describe characteristics and needs of the individuals identified in these studies as expressed by representatives of the helping system and users who participated in the studies. • develop knowledge of the mechanisms involved in these patterns of seeking support by exploring and analyzing the empirical results within the context of theoretical (social) approaches to understanding psychiatric disability. The findings of this research are based on an analysis of the quantitative and qualitative results of three studies involving seven municipalities in northern Sweden. Of the 2385 individuals who personnel identified as meeting the criteria for a serious psychiatric disability, approximately half did not have active contact with the formal mental health system. They did however seek services, supports and opportunities that they saw as relevant to their lives and needs as community members. These included health, housing and financial assistance as well as opportunities for education and employment. Various mechanisms operating in the community, including stigmatizing attitudes, exclusionary practices and organizational systems and rules, were seen by respondents as obstacles to these individuals developing meaningful and participatory roles. Social approaches, when utilized to explore and understand issues regarding psychiatric disability in the community, support a focus on the social landscape in which ndividuals experience disability-related needs, as well as the dynamics of the disability experience. While in the deinstitutional era, needs were assessed relative to the individual’s relationship to the psychiatric care system, in the post-deinstitutional era, they should be assessed from a participation-relative perspective, where their position as community member, rather than as patient or client, describes the social location of need. Specialized support to general community resources and services in addition to psychiatrically defined supports, would likely reach many, especially younger individuals who might otherwise become seriously disabled.
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Van, der Bergh Euneece Audrey. "Employees’ perception of the factors that prevent disclosure of disability status to the employer: case of a selected higher education institution." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7728.
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Magister Commercii - MComThere is an increase in the number of people with disabilities entering, and in the workplace. Industrialised countries are encountering a workforce that is ageing, which makes the prevalence of disability, due to chronic illness amongst employees, more evident. However, even with legislation and policies that support people in the workplace, such as the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998, the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act 53 of 2003 and the Code of Good Practice on Disability in the Workplace, many people still choose not to disclose their disabilities. Therefore, the main purpose of the study is to identify the perceived factors that could possibly prevent the disclosure of disability in the workplace. The study was conducted at one of the universities in the Western Cape. The study was qualitative in nature and made use of semi-structured interviews. Ten participants took part in the study and comprised of two academic staff members from each of the faculties on the main campus. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data where various themes and subthemes emerged.
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Hoskins, Jonathan Mark. "Incapacity, disability and dismissal : the implications for South African labour jurisprudence." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9019_1331819216.
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Disability in South African labour law is reduced to incapacity. An evaluation of disability and incapacity was made to advocate a clear conceptual break between the two concepts. Also, that disability should be grounded in a social model paradigm of disability which was a materialist critique of how capitalism constructs disability. To enhance the analysis discourse analysis was employed to illustrate how language, ideology and power sustained the notion of disability in capitalist society. A comparative analysis was made drawing on American disability jurisprudence and Canadian disability jurisprudence to illustrate the difference in approach between the two legal systems with a suggestion that the Canadian approach was better suited to the development of a South African disability law. And the development of South African disability law it was argued would benefit if a legal construction of disability was crafted to deal with the obstacles that disabled people encounter in the work-place.
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au, Rose_gal@bigpond net, and Rose Galvin. "Liberating the Disabled Identity: A Coalition of Subjugated Knowledges." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051011.122747.
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My thesis explores the notion, originally developed by sociologists such as Goffman and Charmaz, that a persons identity undergoes a difficult and painful metamorphosis in response to the effects of serious long-term impairment or chronic illness. I argue that existing methods of researching what I have come to call the disabled identity generally avoid a deeper exploration of the social context in which this kind of marginalisation occurs. To address this absence, I develop a research methodology which combines an intensive exploration of the personal experience of disability with a critical analysis of the social and historical context in which the disabling of identity occurs. I approach the former through grounded theory and the latter through a Foucaultian analytics of genealogy and governmentality. These are informed by the theoretical insights surrounding the social model of disability which claims that disability is not a physical problem based on personal tragedy but is a social imposition based on exclusion and stigmatisation.
In accordance with this, the thesis proceeds in three successive stages. First, I apply a genealogical analysis to disability in general, then more specifically to the disabled identity, to provide the background for my qualitative research. The purpose of genealogy is to reveal that the concept under investigation is not a self-evident given but a social construction which has developed to serve varying interests over time. Through this process it becomes evident that disability has evolved as a concept which performs as a counterpoint to the norm and, as such, provides a measure of what not to be in terms of contemporary neoliberal citizenship.
Next, I engage in a grounded theory study which draws on the stories of disabled people to explore how their self-perceptions and the attitudes of those around them have been affected by disability. These stories stem from a variety of data sources, including my dialogues with participants, written stories from participants, and published autobiographies. Their analysis results in the emergence of the following themes: independence, occupational identity, and sexuality/appearance. Each theme is discussed in a separate chapter which attempts to let the stories speak for themselves by way of lengthy excerpts from the participants and texts, and combines them, where relevant, with my own insights and experiences as a disabled person.
In the final stage, I use a governmentality analysis to explore these themes and to place them in their current social and historical context. Here I suggest that independence, work and sexuality are key factors which are used to divide the affiliated from the marginalised in contemporary neoliberal societies. I argue that the two technologies which currently have the most impact on how independence, work and sexuality are governed in relation to disability are welfare reform and sexual rehabilitation. Here I explore the available primary sources - particularly the last five years of Australian government policy on welfare reform and a selection of sexual rehabilitation texts - to reveal how governance seeks to operate as a liberatory force while remaining oppressive due to its paternalism and reinforcement of normative prescriptions.
The final chapter further problematises disability in relation to the governmental concepts of self-esteem and empowerment in an attempt to unpick what can be claimed to be emancipatory from what remains embedded in the dominant discourse. By deconstructing necessity and exploring the root causes of oppression through what Foucault refers to as the disinterment of subjugated knowledges, the thesis outlines an alternative discourse in relation to disability and opens up new possibilities for the creation of more positive identities.
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Cobley, David Stephen. "Towards economic empowerment for disabled people : exploring the boundaries of the social model of disability in Kenya and India." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4050/.
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The social model of disability, which provides the ideological basis for the recent UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, emphasizes the need for society to change, in order to remove all forms of disability discrimination and allow for full participation. However, literature debates have raised questions over the relevance of this ideology to the majority world context. This thesis aims to explore this dilemma, by examining the influence of the social model on a range of current approaches to promoting economic empowerment within Kenya and India - two countries that have signed and ratified the Convention. The methodology is based on a comparative analysis of 26 case studies, conducted between June 2010 and February 2011, which were focused mainly on three particular routes to economic empowerment: vocational training, formal sector employment and self-directed employment. The study concludes that, while inclusive strategies that were firmly based on social model principles tended to be among the most successful, a total reliance on this ideology would run the risk of excluding a large section of the disability population altogether. In particular, some of the segregated services were found to be continuing to play an important role in disability service provision.
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Carbone, Lisa Ann S. "Autonomy in the California Disability Services System." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1818.
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Legislation concerning California residents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (ID/DD) requires recipients of services to be treated as independent individuals while emphasizing self-determination. At the same time, under regulatory procedures, recipients are considered dependent on the delivered services and not self-determinant. Neither the California Department of Developmental Services nor the trade associations representing community service providers have established a unified, systematic practice to support self-determination. This phenomenological study explored the experience of adults with ID/DD working toward self-determination.
Specifically, it explored how medical and social models contribute to shaping and actualizing the independence of this population. Interviews with eight adults with ID/DD explored the perceived barriers to, and opportunities for, achieving independence through self-determination. Under the current statutory regulations, the study viewed two conceptual lenses. The first lens, social role valorization, is based on the study of normalization. The second lens, social reaction, emphasizes a response to the disparities that acknowledge the political, cultural, and social beliefs associated with theories of deviance and social role valorization. The findings demonstrated that self-determination requires collaboration between coordinated services, primary social systems, and theoretical services supporting social role value. The discovery of these key elements may help California's disability service system fulfill legislative requirements to increase opportunities for personal choice.
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Agius, Ferrante Charmaine. "A case study of inclusion and diversity : a whole school approach using the social model of disability." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2012. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/8772/.
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This thesis evaluates the experiences of a Maltese school that decided to embrace the philosophy of inclusion. It provides a synthesis of knowledge about the processes of inclusive education, derived from the experience of the main stakeholders in the school. The main research question being: “What changes does the implementation of the Social Model of Disability that focuses on abilities and skills rather than labelling and deficit have on a school population?” Specifically, the study investigated: · The practices within the school that enable inclusion. · The experience of students, students’ parents, teachers, learning support assistants (LSAs) and administrators. · Whether or not, and if so, how disabled students are participating, active members of the school. · The effect of inclusion on the school community/culture. A case study approach is used in order to evaluate this school’s process of inclusion and its ramifications on stakeholders. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used, along with a triangulation of questionnaires, focus groups, semi-structure interviews and observations. A thematic analysis supported by descriptive statistics was used within an interpretative approach of hermeneutic phenomenology. This research contributes theory to the following three areas in: 1. Offering a different model for an inclusive school. 2. The use of innovative structures in school management. 3. The changes brought about by valuing the education of disabled students. The findings show a general positive attitude towards inclusive education and suggest that inclusive education heightens the awareness of each interrelated aspect of the school as a community, challenges stereotypes, and promotes contextually relevant research. The work concludes with a series of possible future directions for research and a critical reflection that is needed to help educators achieve progress towards philosophical and practical ideals of a socially and academically just education.
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Hickey, Susan Jane. "The Unmet Legal, Social and Cultural Needs of Māori with Disabilities." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2571.
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There is little work done in the area of indigenous disability identity issues and how they are recognised in domestic and international human rights laws. The discourse of disability has always been based on social constructionism and without it, there is no identity. I discuss its relevance to indigenous (Māori) with disabilities and how the multiplicitous nature of the identity of other has a particular impact when indigenous, gender and disability are all identified from marginalised groups. I also explore the impact of westernised thinking around impairment, in particular the models of disabilities on indigenous well-being. The issues of family (whānau), whakawhanaungatanga (family relationships), interdependence (community) and collectivity identities central to indigenous thinking are largely ignored by law and policy, yet central to indigenous identity. This ignorance in policy has led to the disparities that continue to remain for indigenous persons with disabilities, particularly those from within thematic identity groups.
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Awidesian, Sevag, and Yasemin Borssén. "Funktionshinder, ett hinder för social rättvisa? : En kvalitativ studie om upplevd diskriminering i vardagslivet bland personer med en synlig funktionsnedsättning." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-40936.
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The overall purpose of the study was to study and elucidate the phenomenon of discrimination in relation to individuals who have a visible disability. The main empiricism has been based on qualitative interviews and completed influential knowledge. The main result of this has been exposed to be an context-based discrimination, in the form of social structures and physically mismatched public environments. Discrimination has been shown to be a common occurrence and expresses unequal conditions, in the form of inclusion in social situations. However, have the results shown general causal explanations of this problem - which are based on lack of knowledge, and in turn, constitute negative conceptions. The study thus draws attention to people with visible disabilities, in the sense of becoming more naturally included in society. Through the study analysis four themes where identified; lack of inclusion, interpersonal interactions, negative events and lack of knowledge.Studiens övergripande syfte är att studera och belysa fenomenet diskriminering i relation till individer som besitter en synlig funktionsnedsättning. Den huvudsakliga empirin har grundats i kvalitativa intervjuer och fullgjort inflytelserika kunskaper. Huvudresultatet har därav exponerat en kontextburen diskriminering, i form av sociala samhällsstrukturer och fysiskt missanpassade offentliga miljöer. Diskriminering påvisas således vara ett vanligt förekommande fenomen och uttrycker sig av ojämlika förhållanden, i form av bristande inkludering i sociala situationer. Studiens resultat har dock visat generella orsaksförklaringar av denna problematik – som bottnar i bristande kunskaper, och i sin tur, utgör negativa föreställningar. Studien uppmärksammar därav människor med synliga funktionsnedsättningar, i en betydelse av att alltmer naturligt inkluderas i samhället. Utifrån studiens analys har fyra framgående teman identifierats; bristande inkludering, mellanmänskliga interaktioner, negativa tilldragelser och bristande kunskap.
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Tregaskis, C. E. "Being a chameleon : multiple identity as a means of uncovering perspectives on disability and impairment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370001.
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Murtaza, Naveed. "Perceptions of Students with Learning Disabilities Learning Science: A Narrative Study." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37820.
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While there has been research regarding the effectiveness of teaching strategies to teach science to students with learning disabilities (LD), the viewpoints and experiences of students with learning disabilities using narratives have not received the same attention. This study was conducted to explore the beliefs and feelings of students with learning disabilities about their science learning experiences during their high school years. Vygotsky’s theory on Social Constructivism was used to examine the interaction of cognitive processes such as perceptions and attributions; behavioral features such as social skills and communication difficulties; and, environmental factors such as teaching techniques and peer interactions. These factors are interacting determinants of learning and classroom participation. Due to the social nature of schooling and disability, the social model of disability approach was considered the most efficient way to address this issue of learning of science with learning disabilities.
Eight undergraduate students with LD were interviewed about their experiences of learning science in mainstream science classrooms. Four themes emerged after thematic analysis of the narrative interview data: a) understanding of learning disability; b) finding resources and strategies for learning science with LD; c) overcoming difficulties in learning science with technology; d) learner autonomy and science learning experiences with LD.
The salient feature of these themes showed that the participants had an adequate understanding of their LDs, and the difficulties they faced in learning of science subjects due to their learning disabilities. The stigmatizing experiences of low achievement in science subjects and the initial reaction of some teachers triggered sad and angry feelings, and all the students longed to be more pushed to their higher potential in science learning. Participants then sought help from More Knowledgeable Others (MKO), they used assistive technology and developed their own strategies to overcome difficulties they were facing in learning science. The difficulties in learning of science subjects indicated by the participants have consequences; these difficulties may result in student’s reduced motivation in learning, disengagement from school, leaving school prematurely, and may cause depression in students who drop out of school. These possible consequences and the dissatisfaction expressed by the participants in this study implicate a need to continually assess students with LDs knowledge of, perceptions of, and experiences with their science learning, both in research and actual practice. In turn, this greater consideration of participant’s viewpoints may have a positive influence on the success of high school science education programs and the social-emotional development of students with LD.
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Edelbrock, Dorothy Marcia. "Disease, disability, service use and social support amongst community-dwelling people aged 75 years and over: the Sydney older persons study." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15961/.
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This study investigates the characteristics of and the interrelationships between disease, disability, service use and social support in a random sample of 647 community dwellers aged 75 years and over. The two broad objectives of the study are: to examine the physical aspects and manifestations of health by investigating disease and disability and the interrelationships between these two factors, and; to examine the social aspects of health by investigating service use and social support and the interrelationships between these two factors. Given the dramatic population ageing in Australia, particularly in the very old age groups, the health, well-being and quality of life of older Australians are of paramount importance and will be well into the future. The proportion of the population with diseases and disabilities increases significantly with age. As the physical aspects of health are manifested with increasing age the social aspects of health also become increasingly important. Older adults, particularly those in advanced old age, are disproportionately high users of health and community services. Despite the high use of services in this age group, far more older adults living in the community rely on their families, friends and neighbours for social support and many older adults use a combination of formal services and informal social support. Little is known about people aged 75 years and over living in the community in Australia. In particular, significant knowledge gaps exist with regard to the relationship between disease and disability and that between service use and social support. The characteristics of social support in this group of older adults are also largely unknown. The papers presented in this thesis are based on data collected in The Sydney Older Persons Study (SOPS). This is a large longitudinal multidisciplinary project which began in 1991 in order to investigate the health and service use patterns of people aged 75 years and over living in the community in the Central Sydney Health Area. The initial sample consisted of two groups: first, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) selected census districts with probability proportional to size and 9271 households were door-knocked to obtain a random sub-sample of the general community (n=320, response rate 73%); second, community-living veterans and war widows residing in the Central Sydney Health Area were selected at random from a list provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs to obtain a veteran/war widow sub-sample (n=327, response rate 82%). Respondents participated in both an interview conducted by a social scientist and a medical assessment performed by a medical practitioner with experience in geriatric medicine. An informant was sought for each respondent and this informant participated in a phone interview conducted by a social scientist. The first paper in this thesis investigates the characteristics of diseases (neurodegenerative, systemic and psychiatric) including their prevalence and association with age. The second paper extends the first by examining the nature of the relationship between disease and disability and in particular which individual diseases and groups of diseases have the greatest impact on disability. The third paper expands the analysis in the second paper by focusing in greater detail on the relationship between disease and disability. The contribution of clinically-diagnosed individual diseases and groups of diseases to three different measures of disability (clinician-rated, informant-rated or proxy and self-report) is investigated here. The fourth paper examines the possibility of disease and disability being the major predictors of service use and social support. It focuses on the determinants of service use and social support using Andersen's behavioral model. The fifth paper investigates the characteristics of social support, in particular gender differences and the socio-demographic variables associated with social support. This is an important research area because lower levels of social support have been found to predict mortality, disease and lower levels of well-being. Finally, the sixth paper links the major themes of the fourth and fifth papers by investigating the relationship between service use and social support. This paper tests Cantor's 'hierarchical-compensatory' mechanism, which predicts a negative association between service use and social support, and the 'bridging' mechanism which predicts a positive association between these two factors. Thus it assesses the extent to which demands for service use and for social support are made together or in a compensatory fashion for respondents of equal disease and disability. The presented work demonstrates that neurodegenerative diseases [dementia, cognitive impairment, parkinsonism, instability (gait ataxia), immobility (gait slowing) and motivation loss/behaviour change] have the largest and most significant increases with age of all disease groups. Therefore the hypothesis made in paper one that neurodegenerative diseases will come to dominate the health care needs of older adults, particularly when combined with population ageing, is supported. Further, results of papers two and three indicate that neurodegenerative diseases result in greater levels of disability, lending credence to the finding that it is these neurodegenerative diseases that are of central importance to the future of the health care needs of older adults of advanced age. While systemic diseases play an important role in disability, the neurodegenerative diseases are under-recognised by self-report and yet are most strongly associated with severe disability. A major recommendation of this study is that assessments and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases be included in disability assessments. With regard to the social aspects of health, the fourth paper finds that disease and disability are the main predictors of service use and social support. The fifth paper highlights important gender differences in social support and also finds that lower levels of social support are associated with increased age, male gender, single marital status and lower socioeconomic status. Because it is widely accepted that social support is protective against adverse health outcomes and low levels of wellbeing, these groups of older adults are at risk of poorer health and wellbeing. Finally the sixth paper fills some knowledge gaps with regard to the relationship between service use and social support. It shows that with regard to IADL (instrumental activities of daily living) services and IADL social support, Cantor's 'hierarchical-compensatory' mechanism (negative correlation) applies but with regard to medical services and both ADL (activities of daily living) and IADL social support the 'bridging' mechanism (positive correlation) is supported. These complex interrelationships between disease, disability, service use and social support are summarised schematically in a model. In light of significant population ageing, substantial resources in the form of medical and community services and social support from carers, family, friends and neighbours will need to be devoted to older adults with diseases, in particular neurodegenerative diseases, and to those with disabilities. Given the increasing importance of disease, disability, service use and social support in very old age, it is crucial that knowledge and understanding of these factors and their interrelationships be advanced in order to better allocate and sustain resources and to ultimately improve the health, well-being and quality of life of very old adults.
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CHAVES, Denisson Gonçalves. "O MODELO SOCIAL DA DEFICIÊNCIA NO DIREITO BRASILEIRO: Reconhecimento, Justiça e Direitos Humanos." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1323.
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Nowadays, the deficiency is a multidimensional thematic, approached by the most various areas of the Science, from the spheres of health, like medicine, to Social Sciences, such as Law and Politics. However, this plurivision is something recent, so that until the middle of the 21st century a purely biomedical perspective of the phenomenon of disability prevailed in a hegemonic way, considering it as pathology. The social model of disability emerges as an innovative paradigm, defining disability as the livingness in bodies with impairments in environments with barriers. In these terms, it becomes part of human diversity, not a stigma. In spite of this interpretative revolution, the deficiency is still governed by common standards, by charitable attitudes or even relegated to social invisibility. The Brazilian Law contains a vast number of protective norms for people with disabilities, however, they need enforcement. This misfortune is due in part to the lack of studies on this topic from a legal perspective. Furthermore, even within the sociology of health, the social model is still poorly diffused. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze the social model of disability from a Law perspective, showing "if" and "how" the internal legal system is adopting such archetype. The methodology used was the analysis of the content of national and international decisions and legislations, as well as the bibliographic review about the disability. The results found in this study show that the Brazilian State has a mechanism to enforce the rights of people with functional diversity, though, obstacles, such as invisibility, prejudice and socioinstitutional disengagement represent environmental barriers that generate and promote the exclusion of the disabled.
Hodiernamente, a deficiência é uma temática multidimensional, podendo ser abordada pelas mais variadas áreas da Ciência, desde as esferas da saúde, como a medicina, até as Ciências Sociais, como o Direito e Política. Entretanto, esta plurivisão é algo recente, de maneira que até meados do século XXI prevalecia de modo hegemônico uma perspectiva puramente biomédica do fenômeno da deficiência, considerando-a como uma patologia. O modelo social da deficiência surge como um paradigma inovador, definindo deficiência como a vivência em corpos com impedimentos em ambientes com barreiras. Neste sentido, ela se torna parte da diversidade humana e não um estigma. Apesar dessa revolução interpretativa, a deficiência ainda é governada pelos ditames do senso comum, por posturas caritativas ou mesmo relegada à invisibilidade social. O Direito brasileiro contém um amplo rol de normas protetivas das pessoas com deficiência, que contudo, carecem de densificação. Essa mazela deve-se em parte a carência de estudos sobre a temática pela ótica jurídica. Ademais, mesmo no âmbito da sociologia da saúde, o modelo social ainda é pouco difundido. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o modelo social da deficiência pela perspectiva do Direito, demonstrando “se” e “como” o ordenamento jurídico interno está adotando tal arquétipo. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise de conteúdo de decisões e legislações nacionais e internacionais, bem como a revisão bibliográfica sobre a deficiência. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que o Estado brasileiro dispõe de mecanismo de efetivação dos direitos das pessoas com diversidade funcional, todavia, óbices, como a invisibilidade, preconceito e descomprometimento socioinstitucional representam barreiras ambientais que geram e promovem a exclusão dos deficientes.
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Edelbrock, Dorothy Marcia. "Disease, disability, service use and social support amongst community-dwelling people aged 75 years and over: the Sydney older persons study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15961/1/Dorothy_Edelbrock_Thesis.pdf.
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This study investigates the characteristics of and the interrelationships between disease, disability, service use and social support in a random sample of 647 community dwellers aged 75 years and over. The two broad objectives of the study are: to examine the physical aspects and manifestations of health by investigating disease and disability and the interrelationships between these two factors, and; to examine the social aspects of health by investigating service use and social support and the interrelationships between these two factors.
Given the dramatic population ageing in Australia, particularly in the very old age groups, the health, well-being and quality of life of older Australians are of paramount importance and will be well into the future. The proportion of the population with diseases and disabilities increases significantly with age. As the physical aspects of health are manifested with increasing age the social aspects of health also become increasingly important. Older adults, particularly those in advanced old age, are disproportionately high users of health and community services. Despite the high use of services in this age group, far more older adults living in the community rely on their families, friends and neighbours for social support and many older adults use a combination of formal services and informal social support. Little is known about people aged 75 years and over living in the community in Australia. In particular, significant knowledge gaps exist with regard to the relationship between disease and disability and that between service use and social support. The characteristics of social support in this group of older adults are also largely unknown.
The papers presented in this thesis are based on data collected in The Sydney Older Persons Study (SOPS). This is a large longitudinal multidisciplinary project which began in 1991 in order to investigate the health and service use patterns of people aged 75 years and over living in the community in the Central Sydney Health Area. The initial sample consisted of two groups: first, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) selected census districts with probability proportional to size and 9271 households were door-knocked to obtain a random sub-sample of the general community (n=320, response rate 73%); second, community-living veterans and war widows residing in the Central Sydney Health Area were selected at random from a list provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs to obtain a veteran/war widow sub-sample (n=327, response rate 82%). Respondents participated in both an interview conducted by a social scientist and a medical assessment performed by a medical practitioner with experience in geriatric medicine. An informant was sought for each respondent and this informant participated in a phone interview conducted by a social scientist.
The first paper in this thesis investigates the characteristics of diseases (neurodegenerative, systemic and psychiatric) including their prevalence and association with age. The second paper extends the first by examining the nature of the relationship between disease and disability and in particular which individual diseases and groups of diseases have the greatest impact on disability. The third paper expands the analysis in the second paper by focusing in greater detail on the relationship between disease and disability. The contribution of clinically-diagnosed individual diseases and groups of diseases to three different measures of disability (clinician-rated, informant-rated or proxy and self-report) is investigated here. The fourth paper examines the possibility of disease and disability being the major predictors of service use and social support. It focuses on the determinants of service use and social support using Andersen's behavioral model. The fifth paper investigates the characteristics of social support, in particular gender differences and the socio-demographic variables associated with social support. This is an important research area because lower levels of social support have been found to predict mortality, disease and lower levels of well-being. Finally, the sixth paper links the major themes of the fourth and fifth papers by investigating the relationship between service use and social support. This paper tests Cantor's 'hierarchical-compensatory' mechanism, which predicts a negative association between service use and social support, and the 'bridging' mechanism which predicts a positive association between these two factors. Thus it assesses the extent to which demands for service use and for social support are made together or in a compensatory fashion for respondents of equal disease and disability.
The presented work demonstrates that neurodegenerative diseases [dementia, cognitive impairment, parkinsonism, instability (gait ataxia), immobility (gait slowing) and motivation loss/behaviour change] have the largest and most significant increases with age of all disease groups. Therefore the hypothesis made in paper one that neurodegenerative diseases will come to dominate the health care needs of older adults, particularly when combined with population ageing, is supported. Further, results of papers two and three indicate that neurodegenerative diseases result in greater levels of disability, lending credence to the finding that it is these neurodegenerative diseases that are of central importance to the future of the health care needs of older adults of advanced age. While systemic diseases play an important role in disability, the neurodegenerative diseases are under-recognised by self-report and yet are most strongly associated with severe disability. A major recommendation of this study is that assessments and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases be included in disability assessments.
With regard to the social aspects of health, the fourth paper finds that disease and disability are the main predictors of service use and social support. The fifth paper highlights important gender differences in social support and also finds that lower levels of social support are associated with increased age, male gender, single marital status and lower socioeconomic status. Because it is widely accepted that social support is protective against adverse health outcomes and low levels of wellbeing, these groups of older adults are at risk of poorer health and wellbeing. Finally the sixth paper fills some knowledge gaps with regard to the relationship between service use and social support. It shows that with regard to IADL (instrumental activities of daily living) services and IADL social support, Cantor's 'hierarchical-compensatory' mechanism (negative correlation) applies but with regard to medical services and both ADL (activities of daily living) and IADL social support the 'bridging' mechanism (positive correlation) is supported.
These complex interrelationships between disease, disability, service use and social support are summarised schematically in a model. In light of significant population ageing, substantial resources in the form of medical and community services and social support from carers, family, friends and neighbours will need to be devoted to older adults with diseases, in particular neurodegenerative diseases, and to those with disabilities. Given the increasing importance of disease, disability, service use and social support in very old age, it is crucial that knowledge and understanding of these factors and their interrelationships be advanced in order to better allocate and sustain resources and to ultimately improve the health, well-being and quality of life of very old adults.
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Hyland, Claire A. "10 out of 10 for Scottish school design? : embedding the social model of disability in the school design process." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24374.
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This thesis explores standards of accessible design in Scotland's new and refurbished schools with the aim of suggesting practical steps towards creating school environments which actively promote inclusion of people with impairments and provide positive learning environments for children with additional support needs. Existing research of new and refurbished Scottish school buildings is inconclusive with regards to accessible design and at the midpoint of the largest school building programme in the history of Scotland, it is crucial that accessible design processes and practices be evaluated in order to inform future building projects. The research explores the relationship between impairment, disability and the built environment and the impact that the disability movement and its associated social model of disability on contemporary architectural profession. This allows a vision for architecture to be proposed through a 'social model of disability' which is used as a basis for examining school design issues. The inclusive education discourse and current research examining standards of new school design in Scotland are used to determine the parameters for practical investigations, which use a variety of quantitative and qualitative research methods and involve a wide variety of stakeholders. Results are used to establish the extent to which 'the social model of architecture' is embedded within the school design process and give practical recommendations as to how this can be better achieved, including a proposed overlay to the RIBA Plan of Work 2013. This study highlights the need for a paradigm shift in the architectural design ethos and contributes towards the creation of an inclusive, inspirational and sustainable learning environment for current and future generations.
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Alenaizi, Hussain. "Disability and Kuwaiti society : a critical realist approach to participatory research in contemporary Kuwaiti society." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/disability-and-kuwaiti-society-a-critical-realist-approach-to-participatory-research-in-contemporary-kuwaiti-society(d95fc638-24fe-4b09-b95e-2fd350cbbac7).html.
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The aim of this study is to explore disability issues in the Kuwaiti context through a participatory research project with disabled people. Six disabled people participated in this project as co-researchers, and a further eight informants (disabled and non-disabled) contributed to this research as research participants. The thesis initially provides a critical exploration of the dominant conceptualisations of disability, such as the individual and social models and also includes cultural perspectives. The individual model provides an exploration of disability at the biological level, while the social model analyses disability at the socio-economic level (Bhaskar and Danermark, 2006). Cultural perspectives of disability provide an exploration of disability at the socio-cultural level (Danermark and Gellerstedt, 2004).After this exploration, and in relation to the experiences of the co-researchers, the thesis proposes that each of these singular perspectives can only provide limited conceptual effectiveness. The study then goes on to suggest that, rather than reducing the 'problem' of disability to one limited explanation, it is more productive to take an overarching, and more complex and interactional approach to disability that combines the best aspects of individual and social models as well as cultural and societal perspectives. The findings explore a number of disability issues at different levels. The analysis of the discussions with the co-researchers and interviews with the participants of this study emphasise a number of disability issues related to both the body and society. In relation to the body, both the co-researchers and the participants highlight issues and experiences related to the role of impairment in restricting activity, while at the same time acknowledging the roles of society and culture that play a part in disablement. The findings show the complexity of the understandings of disability and challenge the individual model, the social model and cultural perspectives of disability, and show how 'impairment' and 'disability' interact in the lives of disabled people in Kuwait. The thesis argues that an appropriate model for understanding disability in Kuwait is rooted in a critical realist paradigm that views disability from multiple levels, including biological, medical, psychological, socio-cultural and socio-economic levels. The findings also explore the process of participatory research with the co- researchers. In relation to this, the findings highlight the issues of power relations, skills development and reciprocity, decision making processes, sharing the experiences, and the possibility of this research opening the door for further research and changing people's attitudes on disability.
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Camara, Nathan Joshua. "Life After Disability Diagnosis: The Impact of Special Education Labeling in Higher Education." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/79.
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There has been an increasing number of students with learning disabilities attending colleges and universities over the past two decades. As a result of federal legislation, institutions of higher education are required through an office of student support services to provide accommodations and modifications for students with disabilities in order to receive federal monies. This semi-structured interview-based qualitative study seeks to understand how four higher education students with disabilities make the choice to “come out” as possessing a learning disability in order to seek academic assistance from the office of student support services. The foundation for this inquiry emerges out of the differences between the medical and social models of disabilities. The framework for the medical model places the individual with a disability as needing to be cured in order to have a normal life, while the social model of disabilities focuses on how society is constructed around able-bodied individuals without substantive consideration for individual differences – specifically disabilities. The data collected were analyzed using a cross-interview analysis of participants’ responses to interview questions. Because little research has been conducted in this content area, the research focused on themes relating to the stigma of disability labels, the choice to come out as possessing a disability, the role of the academic resource center to obtain accommodations and modifications, and the meaning of success for higher education students with disabilities. The stigma associated with possessing a disability while attending an institution of higher education can place additional anxiety on individuals who decide to come out as possessing a disability. The significance of this research to the fields of higher education and disability studies is to gain a better understanding of how the stigma that is associated with students with disabilities affects the manner in which they choose to access student support services and identify themselves as possessing a learning disability. By making the choice to be identified as possessing a disability, students can access academic accommodations and modifications to support academic success, yet the same choice has the potential to have a negative social consequence of being socially labeled as an othered individual. The outcomes for this research study can inform policies and practices relating to the self-identification that students with disabilities must adhere to in order to obtain accommodations and modifications.
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Kramer-Roy, Debbie. "Exploring the support needs of Pakistani families with disabled children : a participatory action research study." Thesis, Brunel University, 2009. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4377.
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Pakistani families with disabled children are among the most disadvantaged population groups in the UK. Previous research has indicated difficulties with accessing support services as well as problematic attitudes towards disability within the Pakistani community. As no substantial improvement in their situation was evidenced since early studies in the 1990s, a participatory action research study was undertaken with six Pakistani families to explore how an actionoriented, emancipatory approach could facilitate them to explore their support needs and how these might be met, in further depth. An occupational justice perspective was used to clarify how cultural and familial expectations influenced family members’ occupational balance and well-being. After an exploratory phase in which all family members were interviewed and family interactions observed in their own homes, three action research groups were formed for women, men and children respectively. Each group carried out their own action research around their chosen topic. Through participation in the project the participants gained important skills as well as a better understanding of their situation and how they could be more proactive in improving it. Furthermore, the fact that all family members were actively involved in the project helped them to start implementing changes in behaviour and communication at home. Key findings of the study were that the importance of faith in accepting the disabled child and dealing with negative community attitudes needs to be recognised and fostered; that the social model of disability needs to be more explicit about the influence of religion and culture on the lived experience of disabled people; that the central support need of parents is for practitioners to build up a supportive relationship with them as persons in their own right; and that (the lack of) belongingness had a very significant impact on the disabled child’s and their mothers’ well-being.
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Mayton, Michael R., Anthony L. Menendez, John J. Wheeler, Stacy L. Carter, and Morgan Chitiyo. "An Analysis of Social Storiestm Research Using an Evidence-Based Practice Model." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/312.
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The number of Social StoriesTM studies and reviews has increased in recent years, yet concerns regarding quality and effect sizes continue to be expressed. With the emphasis on evidence-based practices (EBPs) for the education and treatment of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), this issue becomes of paramount importance as professionals and parents attempt to select interventions for the people with ASD in their care. The current study makes a unique contribution in its use of an extensive EBP evaluation model to examine 33 single-subject studies across 13 peer-reviewed journals, a 12-year period, and a wide range of grouping variables. Using the Mayton, Wheeler, Menendez and Zhang (2010) EBP evaluation protocol, studies were investigated in terms of eight quality indicators comprised 23 operationally defined standards. Studies included in this analysis met the following criteria: (1) they were intervention studies using single-subject research designs; (2) they included only participants with disorders on the autism spectrum; and (3) the primary intervention was the use of a Social Story. Findings included on- or above-standard acceptability in EBP indicators related to important aspects of dependent variables within studies and below-standard acceptability in indicators related to both internal and external validity of studies.
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Paterson, Kevin. "An examination of the social model of disability and the politics of everyday life : the case for a sociology of impairment." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443156.
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Campbell, Michael. "THE IMPACT OF SERVICE DELIVERY MODELS ON NON-DISABLED PEERS INTENT TO INCLUDE THEIR PEERS WITH DISABILITIES." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3761.
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In much the same way as the racial integration movement, advocates for students with disabilities (SWD) have cultivated an active and vocal lobby seeking to establish and then implement legal mandates to integrate classrooms in the hope that social acceptance would follow. Through federal mandates such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), conceptually initiated in 1975 and revised in 2004 as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) along with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, these students have a voice to cry out for access to the experiences of work, conversation and play with their peers. This study explores the impact that classroom efforts to offer "inclusion" have on their nondisabled peers' intent to include their fellow SWD in their lives as students. Using survey research methods and guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (Aizen, 1985), 593 responses were obtained from a convenience sample of 936 third, fourth and fifth grade students educated in 52 classrooms spread across 6 different schools in two counties (Seminole and Orange) in Central Florida. Survey results were also collected from the students' parents and their teachers and used to add a richer depth to the data analysis. The data was compiled and analyzed using mean comparison tests (T test and One & Two way ANOVA tests) and a multinomial logistic regression equation. SPSS 13.0 was used to compute the impact that independent variables (integration and interaction) had on the dependent variable (intent to include). The results suggest that the integration of SWD had a significant impact on nondisabled peers; yet efforts to promote peer interaction seemed to have a mixed result. Additionally, the students' gender (female), the students' prior exposure to SWD and a positive teacher attitude toward people with disabilities also had a significant impact on the response of students' intent to include SWD. The results of this analysis are presented along with a discussion of these findings in relation to public policy initiatives to promote the social inclusion of community members. Limitations and recommendations for future research are also indicated.Ph.D.
Other
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs PhD
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Edwards, J. V. "The life experiences of adults witn cystic fibrosis : the social and medical models of disability." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440944.
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Slotte, Joakim. "Från anpassning till norm? : Om tillgänglighet i svensk bygglagstiftning." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129263.
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I detta examensarbete undersöker jag två övergripande frågeställningar gällande fysisk tillgänglighet. Den första frågan rör varför enkelt avhjälpta hinder, det vill säga retroaktiva krav på ökad tillgänglighet, har tillfogats Sveriges bygglagstiftning. Den andra frågan rör hur arbetet med åtgärdandet av de retroaktiva föreskrifterna har utförts i svenska kommuner. Motiven bakom uppkomsten av krav undersöks genom en genomgång av äldre byggregler och handikapputredningar. I undersökningen konstateras att tillgänglighetskrav har funnits i svenska byggregler sedan länge, men att omfattning och formuleringar har varierat. I studien visas att nuvarande lagkrav är förhållandevis lika äldre byggregler och två huvudsakliga förklaringar till behovet av en retroaktivt verkande lag konstateras. Den första förklaringen är att en stor del av den byggda miljön har tillkommit innan tillgänglighetskrav ställdes i lagstiftningen. Den andra anledningen är att aktörer inom plan- och byggprocessen har saknat tillräcklig kunskap för att kunna verkligställa de övergripande målkrav som ställts sedan början av 1980-talet. Studien visar också att arbetet med enkelt avhjälpta hinder utgör ett medel för att tillgodose denna kunskap bland berörda aktörer. Arbetets andra frågeställning är om några specifika strategier har varit särskilt effektiva i arbetet med enkelt avhjälpta hinder. Genom litteraturstudier och intervjuer i en kommun plockas sju faktorer fram och testas mot resultatet i en av SKL genomförd undersökning av tillgängligheten i svenska kommuner. Det går inte att dra några generella slutsatser från testet, men genom litteraturstudien och intervjuerna bedöms två faktorer vara kopplade till hur framgångsrikt arbetet med enkelt avhjälpta hinder har varit: hur väl arbetet har planerats och hur samarbetet med funktionshinderrörelsen har utformats.In this thesis, I examine two main questions regarding accessibility. The first question concerns why retroactive requirements for increased accessibility, enkelt avhjälpta hinder (easily eliminated barriers), have been added to the Swedish building legislation. The question is examined by a review of older building codes and reports published by disability commissions. The review found that accessibility requirements have existed in building regulations since the 1960s. The extent of the requirements has varied, but many requirements set in the new policy are relatively similar to those in older building codes. The study gives two explanations for why the new policy is needed. First, a majority of the built environment in Sweden was constructed before any accessibility requirements were legislated. Second, the actors in the planning and building process have previously lacked sufficient knowledge on disability. The study shows that the new policy is a means to raise the knowledge on disability and accessibility. The second question concerns how the new policy has been implemented in Swedish municipalities, and whether some specific implementation strategies have been particularly effective. Through literature reviews and interviews in a municipality, two main factors are identified as crucial for the success of accessibility adaptations: how well the work has been planned in advance and how the collaboration with the disability movement has been arranged.
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Mogensen, Julia, and Helena Engström. "Funktionshindrande erfarenheter : en litteraturstudie om mottagandet av flyktingar med funktionsnedsättning." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-41495.
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Flyktingar med funktionsnedsättning tillhör två marginaliserade grupper och är därför extra utsatta. Det saknas samlad kunskap om deras situation. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och undersöka hinder som flyktingar med funktionsnedsättning möter i samband med mottagandet och inledande etableringsprocess. Studien genomfördes i form av en litteraturöversikt. En litteratursökning resulterade i 11 peer review-granskade, vetenskapliga artiklar där empirisk originalforskning redovisas. Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av Michael Olivers sociala modell och intersektionell analys. Resultatet visar att brist på tillgänglighet, information och kunskap skapar funktionshindrande barriärer i mottagningsprocessen. Marginaliserande processer uppstår i olika intersektioner mellan flyktingskap, funktionsnedsättning, klass, etnicitet och kön. Utifrån resultatet föreslås en bättre samordning mellan olika instansers insatser för att förbättra situationen för flyktingar med funktionsnedsättning.Refugees with disabilities belong to two marginalized groups, which makes them particularly vulnerable. The collective knowledge about their situation is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to describe, and investigate, the obstacles that refugees with disabilities may encounter during the initial stages of the resettlement process. The study was carried out in the form of a literature review. A literature search resulted in 11 peer-reviewed, scientific articles, in which empirical, original research is presented. The analysis was conducted using Michael Oliver's social model and intersectional theory. The results show that lack of accessibility, information, and knowledge causes experiences of disability during the resettlement. Marginalization processes occur in the intersections between refugee status, disability, class, ethnicity, and gender. Considering the results, an attempt to enhance the coordination between the efforts of various agencies is proposed, to improve the situation for refugees with disabilities.
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Noltemeyer, Amity. "THE BRIEF ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR ORAL READING FLUENCY: EXAMINING SOCIAL VALIDITY ISSUES." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1121175270.
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Thesis (Ed. S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Educational Psychology, 2005.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], v, 61 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-42).
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Skene, Gerrard. "Teaching with difference : barriers and enablers for teachers with impairments in their professional roles." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2022. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/185861.
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Amidst the current groundswell of inclusive practices adopted in learning institutions, there would appear to be a paucity of research regarding the barriers and enablers experienced by teachers with impairments in Australian education systems (Burke, 2016; Pritchard, 2010; Sheridan & Kotevski, 2014). This thesis presents an examination of national and international literature where an imprecise range of issues for teachers with impairments is identified. The social model of disability has been adopted as the overarching theoretical perspective for this study. The conceptualisation of teaching with impairment, rather than about impairment, embodies the notion of teachers with impairments as being culturally relevant educators (Pritchard, 2010). Narrative inquiry, in conjunction with Clandinin and Connelly’s (2000) three-dimensional space approach as a thematical analysis methodology, has been employed and supports the investigation of ten teachers with impairments working in professional education roles within Australia. Narrative interviews were conducted with each of the ten participants with the aim of identifying barriers and enablers within the lived experiences of teachers with impairments. This study identified a silence in relation to teachers with impairments, and to address this silence has amplified the voices of teachers with impairments. Five primary themes emerged from the data to provide insights into barriers and enablers experienced by teachers with impairments. These themes are: Thinking about becoming a teacher; The limiting attitudes of others; Connecting with students and parents; Notions of teaching spaces; and I get by with a little help from my friends. This study found that teachers with impairments do experience adverse attitudes and biases in Australian teaching institutions despite there being laws that have been specifically designed to prevent disability discrimination. Bias, experienced as discrimination towards teachers with impairments, extends to career promotion and workplace advancement opportunities. Conversely, the study also found that respectful conversations about impairment which took place both inside and outside teaching places, highlighted how having open conversations about reasonable adjustments can lead to actions that become enablers for teachers with impairments. This study commences the important work of giving voice to teachers with impairments and creates a space to challenge dominant perspectives. The thesis concludes that more needs to be done to challenge the constructed normative attitudes that are responsible for setting teachers with impairments apart and resulting in them being mostly undetected within the teacher population; Doctor of Philosophy
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Mccain, Chase Landes. "Looking at Levels of Medicalization in the Institutional Narrative of Substance Use Disorders in the Military." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5740.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the institutional narrative of substance use disorders (SUDs) in the U.S. military and the extent to which it reflects the medicalization process. Three general research questions guided my analysis of the narrative surrounding SUDs in the military: (1) How does the military characterize the problems and resolutions of SUDs? (2) How and to what extent does this narrative reflect medicalization? (3) What are the limitations inherent in the institutional narrative of SUDs in the military? In order to address these questions, I draw on three conceptual lenses: (1) The work of Loseke (2007) and others on the powers of institutional narratives; (2) The work of Conrad and Schneider (1980) in which they propose that medicalization can be understood in multiple ways and on at least three distinct levels (the conceptual, the institutional, and the interactive); and (3) The work of disability scholars on the limitations of the medical model and the importance of adopting a social model of the causes and consequences of disability (Oliver and Barnes 2012; Shakespeare 2014; Berger 2012).
In this study, I use these lenses to conduct a textual analysis of the VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Substance Use Disorders. This manual was developed under the auspices of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) pursuant to directives from the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA). The document was designed to provide recommendations for the performance or exclusion of specific procedures or services related to identification and response to substance use among active duty personnel and veterans in all branches of the US military. The information and recommendations presented in the document were then disseminated throughout all branches of the military for implementation. This document is, therefore, a powerful codification of the institutional narrative of substance use in the military. Using Conrad and Schneider’s model as a template (1980), I examined the document in order to see how the military has framed the discussion surrounding SUDs.
My analysis began with a close reading of the manual several times without much reflection in order to get a general feeling for the story being constructed by the text. However, as I continued with the close reading, I began making comments about the practices and overall impressions the manual puts forth. After several readings and thorough note taking, it became clear that there was a significant amount of medicalization occurring throughout the military manual, and evidence for medicalization could be seen on all three of the levels suggested by Conrad and Schneider. Words and phrases of text were eventually coded and categorized into the three levels of medicalization.
The narrative within the document depicts a specific story of how the military addresses matters involving SUDs through a system of screening, assessment and treatment. First, the document’s language relating to diagnostic assessments, laboratory biomarkers and other screening devices used to categorize and measure one’s substance use can all be considered evidence for medicalization at the conceptual level. Multiple segments of text have been identified and categorized on a conceptual level. Second, clear indications of medicalization on the institutional level can be seen with references to specialty treatment, “specialty care” and “other clinics.” Again, multiple text segments have been identified as being representative of medicalization at the institutional level. Finally, evidence for interactive medicalization can be seen through the use of medical referrals, pharmacological treatments and the ongoing monitoring of medical consequences of substance use.
The findings suggest that the military has adopted what many now consider a medical model approach toward understanding substance use and evidence can be found at all three levels of medicalization proposed by Conrad and Schneider. Strengths and weaknesses of exclusive reliance on a medicalized narrative of the causes of substance use among military personnel and veterans are discussed in light of the lessons learned from the social model of disability and other critiques of medicalization. I conclude that the success of a medicalized response to substance use may be hampered by the tension between the two widely circulating cultural narratives that intersect in the case of substance use among military personnel.
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Traina, Ivan <1976>. "Social inclusion of vulnerable groups through participatory and emancipatory approaches. Implementing active citizenship and socially innovative actions in the framework of civil & human rights model of disability." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6481/.
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The research hypothesis of the thesis is that “an open participation in the co-creation of the services and environments, makes life easier for vulnerable groups”; assuming that the participatory and emancipatory approaches are processes of possible actions and changes aimed at facilitating people’s lives.
The adoption of these approaches is put forward as the common denominator of social innovative practices that supporting inclusive processes allow a shift from a medical model to a civil and human rights approach to disability.
The theoretical basis of this assumption finds support in many principles of Inclusive Education and the main focus of the hypothesis of research is on participation and emancipation as approaches aimed at facing emerging and existing problems related to inclusion.
The framework of reference for the research is represented by the perspectives adopted by several international documents concerning policies and interventions to promote and support the leadership and participation of vulnerable groups.
In the first part an in-depth analysis of the main academic publications on the central themes of the thesis has been carried out.
After investigating the framework of reference, the analysis focuses on the main tools of participatory and emancipatory approaches, which are able to connect with the concepts of active citizenship and social innovation.
In the second part two case studies concerning participatory and emancipatory approaches in the areas of concern are presented and analyzed as example of the improvement of inclusion, through the involvement and participation of persons with disability. The research has been developed using a holistic and interdisciplinary approach, aimed at providing a knowledge-base that fosters a shift from a situation of passivity and care towards a new scenario based on the person’s commitment in the elaboration of his/her own project of life.
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Mays, Jennifer. "Australia's disabling income support system : tracing the history of the Australian disability income support system 1908 to 2007 : disablism, citizenship and the basic income proposal." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/59604/1/Jennifer_Mays_Thesis.pdf.
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The present study examined the historical basis of the Australian disability income support system from 1908 to 2007. Although designed as a safety net for people with a disability, the disability income support system within Australia has been highly targeted. The original eligibility criteria of "permanently incapacitated for work", medical criteria and later "partially capacitated for work" potentially contained ideological inferences that permeated across the time period. This represents an important area for study given the potential consequence for disability income support to marginalise people with a disability.
Social policy and disability policy theorists, including Saunders (2007, Social Policy Research Centre [SPRC]) and Gibilisco (2003) have provided valuable insight into some of the effects of disability policy and poverty. Yet while these theorists argued for some form of income support they did not propose a specific form of income security for further exploration. Few studies have undertaken a comprehensive review of the history of disability income support within the Australian context. This thesis sought to redress these gaps by examining disability income support policy within Australia. The research design consisted of an in-depth critical historical-comparative policy analysis methodology. The use of critical historical-comparative policy analysis allowed the researcher to trace the construction of disability within the Australian disability income support policy across four major historical epochs. A framework was developed specifically to guide analysis of the data. The critical discourse analysis method helped to understand the underlying ideological dimensions that led to the predominance of one particular approach over another. Given this, the research purpose of the study centred on:
i. Tracing the history of the Australian disability income support system.
ii. Examining the historical patterns and ideological assumptions over time.
iii. Exploring the historical patterns and ideological assumptions underpinning an alternative model (Basic Income) and the extent to which each model promotes the social citizenship of people with a disability.
The research commitment to a social-relational ontology and the quest for social change centred on the idea that "there has to be a better way" in the provision of disability income support. This theme of searching for an alternative reality in disability income support policy resonated throughout the thesis. This thesis found that the Australian disability income support system is disabling in nature and generates categories of disability on the basis of ableness. From the study, ableness became a condition for citizenship. This study acknowledged that, in reality, income support provision reflects only one aspect of the disabling nature of society which requires redressing. Although there are inherent tensions in any redistributive strategy, the Basic Income model potentially provides an alternative to the Australian disability income support system, given its grounding in social citizenship. The thesis findings have implications for academics, policy-makers and practitioners in terms of developing better ways to understand disability constructs in disability income support policy. The thesis also makes a contribution in terms of promoting income support policies based on the rights of all people, not just a few.
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Loureiro, Marta Cavalcante Benevides. "Das PrÃticas Escolares Ao Exame Nacional do Ensino MÃdio (ENEM): a experiÃncia avaliativa de alunos surdos na cidade de Fortaleza-Ce." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16877.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA busca pelo Ensino Superior tem levado anualmente milhares de jovens do paÃs inteiro a se inscreverem no Exame Nacional do Ensino MÃdio (ENEM). Inicialmente criado, em 1998, com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho do estudante ao final da EducaÃÃo BÃsica, a partir do ano de 2009, passou a ser utilizado como ferramenta de seleÃÃo para a EducaÃÃo Superior. Tal exame, que na atualidade apresenta vÃrios objetivos, deve assegurar a todos, indistintamente, o acesso, conforme previsto no princÃpio jurÃdico da igualdade ou da isonomia, que afirma que todos sÃo iguais perante a lei. O ENEM, portanto, deve prover recursos que garantam a igualdade a todos que dele desejem participar, sendo necessÃria, aos organizadores desse exame, a preocupaÃÃo em disponibilizar recursos que atendam adequadamente as necessidades daqueles que apresentam especificidades em seu desenvolvimento, comportamento, mobilidade, entre outros. Dentre aqueles que necessitam de recursos diferenciados para se sentirem incluÃdos estÃo as pessoas marcadas pela surdez, caracterÃstica esta que provoca no indivÃduo um modo diferenciado e particular de desenvolvimento, visto que a audiÃÃo à um dos principais elementos responsÃveis pela aquisiÃÃo da linguagem e sua ausÃncia irà interferir na constituiÃÃo e desenvolvimento do pensamento, memÃria e de outros processos psicolÃgicos bÃsicos. Apesar da existÃncia do princÃpio da isonomia em nossa legislaÃÃo, sÃo muitos os relatos de queixas de estudantes surdos que nÃo se sentem contemplados nos recursos de acessibilidades previstos pelo Inep para a realizaÃÃo do ENEM. Exemplo disso à que, ao longo dos anos, temos encontrado diversas manifestaÃÃes advindas da sociedade civil, seja por meio de mÃdias sociais ou atravÃs da procura dos meios jurÃdicos, para a conquista do direito a esse princÃpio bÃsico no ENEM. A pesquisa que se apresenta a seguir intenciona investigar as condiÃÃes avaliativas de acessibilidade no Exame Nacional do Ensino MÃdio â ENEM para alunos com surdez na cidade de Fortaleza, estado do CearÃ. A realidade que se desenha justifica a importÃncia social da realizaÃÃo de pesquisas que possam investigar e aprofundar conhecimentos sobre a temÃtica. Academicamente, uma pesquisa na Ãrea se justifica pela escassez de material cientÃfico que trate sobre o assunto e pela importÃncia de construir conhecimentos mais consistentes sobre a acessibilidade no ENEM. Para realizaÃÃo dessa investigaÃÃo, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, na forma de um estudo de caso. Foram utilizados como instrumentos o questionÃrio, a anÃlise de documentos e a entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados apontam para a inadequaÃÃo de recursos de acessibilidade para candidatos surdos, pois estes apresentam grande dificuldade na compreensÃo da lÃngua portuguesa, o que favorece uma incompreensÃo do que à solicitado pelas questÃes do ENEM, que apresentam longos textos em seus enunciados. Os resultados apontam que os surdos nÃo possuem autonomia nesse exame e dependem quase que exclusivamente do intÃrprete para a sua compreensÃo.
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Sun, Pei. "Studies on public economics and long-term care." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33020.
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The Third Chapter: The aim of this research is to study individual choices of precau- tionary saving and long-term care spending when an individual faces the uncertainty of after-retirement health shocks. To do this, an improved two-period life-cycle model is employed. This paper also explores how individual choice affects economic development and capital accumulation in an overlapping generation economy. The study shows that the rise in the possibility of getting after-retirement health shocks will result to an increase in long-term care expenditure and the level of precautionary saving. The steady state will also increase in this case. The Fourth Chapter: The increasing and intensifying long-term care (LTC) demand brings great financial pressures for both governments and individuals. From the public perspective, the underlying economic question is how adequate real resources can be re- distributed to support long-term care need and how efficient the policies targeting is. As many LTC policies are accessed through means tests, individuals saving behaviour can be affected. This paper examines and compares the welfare effects that different means- tested policies have on individuals. We did this by embedding life-cycle models with after-retirement health shocks. Means-tested policies of long-term care, one with a top- up choice, and one without, were then simulated. The results show that the means test regime with a top-up option can bring a higher social welfare. Under this scheme, a higher means test threshold can decrease societys dependency on a social benefit system and increase social welfare. The Fifth Chapter: Attendance Allowance and Disability Living Allowance are the dis- ability cash benefits provided for people who are over 65 in the U.K. As the government plans to divert more public resource from these benefits to means-tested local care ser- vices, it is important to understand the effects and targeting of these cash benefits first. Using the survey data from English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this study examines the relationship between the receipt of disability cash benefits and recipients’ character- istics among those who are over 65 in England. Although income is not a key factor to decide on the receipt of the benefits in the criteria, the results show that it still has a self- selection process where the benefits are given to those who are both most in need and on low incomes.
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Hughes, Stephanie. "Exploring Attitudes toward People Who Stutter: A Mixed Model Approach." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1213188444.
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Kosovskaja, Kristina. "Neįgaliųjų ir socialinės reabilitacijos specialistų požiūrio į fizinės negalės vaizdinį svarba, konstruojant sąveikos modelį." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080926_182336-16250.
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Teorinė neįgaliųjų socialinės integracijos analizė parodė, kad neįgalių asmenų socialinis negalės vaizdinys priklauso ir jį formuoja visuomenės nuostatos ir ideologija. Neįgaliųjų socialinės reabilitacijos procesas mokslo šaltiniuose traktuojamas kaip nuolatinis, nenutrūkstamas ir kompleksinis, kurio metu įgyjami ir tobulinami žmonių su negale savarankiško gyvenimo ugdymo įgūdžiai.
Neįgalių asmenų socialinės reabilitacijos procesas turi būti vientisas, o medicininės reabilitacijos ir nevyriausybinės organizacijos darbas - komandinis, suteikiant neįgaliesiems būtinas teorines (medicininės, socialinės, teisinės ir kt.) ir praktines (apsitarnavimo, vežimėlio valdymo, ugdymo, mokymosi, profesinio parengimo, darbinės veiklos ir kt.) žinias, taip formuojant fizinės negalės vaizdinį visuomenėje.
Magistro darbe iškelta hipotezė, kad skirtingų socialinę neįgaliųjų reabilitaciją vykdančių specialistų fizinės negalės vaizdinys turi svarbą bendradarbiavimo efektyvumui.
Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, atskleidžiantis žmonių po nugaros smegenų pažeidimo, judančių vežimėliuose vaizdinio formavimosi ypatumus bei sąveikas tarp socialinę reabilitaciją vykdančių institucijų. Atskleisti skirtingų socialinės reabilitacijos grandžių specialistų ir neįgaliųjų bendradarbiavimo komponentai, svarbūs fizinės negalės vaizdinio formavimuisi. Tyrimo duomenys apibendrinti, taikant aprašomuosius statistinius metodus, faktorinę ir koreliacinę (Pearson (r) koeficiento skaičiavimai) duomenų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]A theoretical analysis of the social integration of the disabled revealed that the image of social disability of disabled people depends on and is formed by the society’s mass ideology. It has been also noticed that scientific literature considers the social rehabilitation process of the disabled to be a constant, uninterrupted and complex process during which disabled people acquire and develop skills of independent life education. The social rehabilitation process of the disabled has to be integral, meanwhile medical rehabilitation and nongovernmental organization must promote teamwork while providing the disabled with necessary theoretical and practical knowledge which, in turn, forms the image of physical disability in society. A hypothesis was raised that the image of physical disability that specialists providing the disabled with social rehabilitation have affects the effectiveness of cooperation. The research conducted with a help of a questionnaire survey aimed at the following tasks: to examine the peculiarities of the formation of the image of people with spinal cord injuries in wheelchairs in the institutions of social rehabilitation; reveal the importance of different social rehabilitation specialists and the disabled to the formation of the image of physical disability and the effectiveness of cooperation; identify effective components of the interaction with the disabled. The data of the research are summarized by applying statistical methods, factorial and... [to full text]
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Galis, Vasilis. "From Shrieks to Technical Reports : technology, disability and political processes in building Athens metro." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Technology and Social Change, Linköpings universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7851.
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Dias, Marília Costa. "Construções discursivas acerca da deficiência intelectual: entre concepções e implicações para políticas públicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-01112017-152135/.
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Este estudo utiliza contribuições de diferentes campos do conhecimento, para compreender o universo de sentidos que determinam as práticas sociais em relação às pessoas que têm dificuldade nas habilidades intelectuais. O construcionismo social e a perspectiva ecológica foram as bases para discutir o constructo deficiência intelectual. A abordagem de gestão social nas políticas públicas foi utilizada para refletir em relação à administração pública numa óptica não hegemônica, em que o interesse público está em primeiro lugar e a dimensão social do desenvolvimento é parte integrante e essencial da atividade econômica. A investigação teve como objetos de estudo: 1) as construções discursivas acerca da deficiência intelectual; 2) os discursos sobre políticas públicas, para identificar tendências e implicações das formas de compreensão a respeito da deficiência intelectual. Do ponto de vista metodológico, a análise do discurso francesa foi a base do dispositivo analítico construído para analisar as formações discursivas. Foram selecionadas e analisadas quatro definições de deficiência e onze de deficiência intelectual. Nos discursos que definem o constructo deficiência, como categoria ampla, constatou-se que os sentidos estão associados ao modelo social que considera a deficiência como resultado de fatores relacionados às características da pessoa e do ambiente no qual está inserida. No entanto, em relação ao constructo deficiência intelectual, ainda há vários discursos que remetem às premissas do modelo médico, o qual considera a deficiência como um problema individual que exige capacidade de adaptação a situações e desafios da vida cotidiana. As significações atreladas ao modelo social se fazem presentes, mas não são prevalentes. Nas construções discursivas de nove policymakers, foram analisadas concepções com relação à deficiência intelectual; assim como elementos relacionados aos processos políticos de formulação de políticas públicas. Os resultados apontam vários sentidos associados ao modelo social da deficiência, o que revela uma tendência a se considerar o papel da sociedade e do Estado na construção de uma cultura inclusiva, em termos de serviços públicos. Porém há diferenças acentuadas na forma como esses sentidos se constroem e se articulam. Ao mesmo tempo em que há referência à Convenção Internacional dos Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência, de 2006, que é um marco do modelo social, há também vários sentidos associados ao modelo médico/reabilitador. O fato de alguns sentidos serem incorporados não significa abandono imediato de outros sentidos conflitantes. Tal fato revela um processo de apropriação de discursos a respeito da deficiência, que ocorre de forma gradativa em direção ao modelo social. Nos discursos dos entrevistados, foram encontradas marcas dos discursos da funcionalidade, da diversidade, das capacidades, as quais revelam sentidos em construção e em disputa. Em relação às tendências em políticas públicas, foram mais recorrente sentidos relacionados à abordagem de direitos humanos.This study utilizes contributions from different fields of knowledge to understand the universe of meanings that determine the social practices related to persons who face difficulties in intellectual abilities. Social constructionism and the ecological perspective were the basis to discuss intellectual disability as a construct. The approach of social management in public policies was used to think over the public administration in a non-hegemonic viewpoint, in which the public interest comes first and the social dimension of development is a key and integral part of the economic activity. The investigation took as objects of study: 1) the discursive constructions about intellectual disability; 2) the discourses on public policies to identify tendencies and implications of the ways of comprehending intellectual disability. From the methodological perspective, the French analysis of discourse was the basis for the analytical device devised to analyze the discursive formations. Four definitions of disability and eleven definitions of intellectual disability were selected and analyzed. In the discourses defining the construct of disability, as a broad category, I have found that the meanings are associated with the social model that considers disability as the result of factors related to personal characteristics and the environment which a person is a part of. However, regarding the construct of intellectual disability, there are still several discourses referred to the assumptions of the medical model, which takes disability as an individual problem demanding capacity to adapt to situations and challenges of everyday life. The significances linked to the social model are present but they do not prevail. In the discursive constructions by nine policymakers, conceptions were analyzed in reference to intellectual disability; as well as elements related to the political processes involved in the making of public policies. The results point to several meanings associated with the social model of disability, which reveals a tendency of considering the role of society and the State in the construction of an inclusive culture in terms of public services. But there are sharp differences in the way these meanings are built and intertwined. While there is reference to the 2006 International Convention on the Rights for People with Disabilities, which is a landmark for the social model, there are also several meanings associated with the medical/rehabilitating model. The fact that some meanings are absorbed does not mean that other conflicting meanings are immediately abandoned. Such fact reveals a process of appropriation of discourses on disability, which happens gradually towards the social model. In the discourse of the interviewees, marks were found of functionality, diversity, capacities, as they reveal meanings under construction and being disputed. In relation to the tendencies in public policies, meanings associated with the human rights approach were more persistent.
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Clough, Beverley. "Exploring the potential of relational approaches to mental capacity law." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exploring-the-potential-of-relational-approaches-to-mental-capacity-law(5054a274-bf7c-46e7-92ff-6c3fa665559a).html.
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The Mental Capacity Act 2005, and the domestic law surrounding it, is currently in a state of instability, having undergone rigorous scrutiny by the House of Lords Select Committee. At an international level, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006 has cast substantial doubt over the very basis of this legal framework. The recommendations made by the Select Committee, and any resulting action by the government to address these, will be hoped to have an impact on the implementation of the legislation on those falling within its remit. On a deeper level, however, this thesis seeks to critically engage with the theoretical underpinnings which inform and guide this legislative framework. This entails a questioning of the ways in which those with disabilities and their carers are responded to under the statute. Exploring the theoretical debates in this context leads to a conclusion that the Act promulgates an individualistic approach to the concept of mental capacity, and does not adequately reflect the reality and lived experiences of those deemed to lack capacity or their informal carers. The papers in this thesis interrogate these issues through a focus on three distinct areas- carers interests under the best interests test; the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards though a social model lens; and capacity to consent to sex. In doing so, this thesis suggests that more relationally and contextually focused approaches can inform a legal framework which is attentive and responsive to the interwoven interests of those with cognitive impairments and their carers, and which facilitates the enjoyment of rights through a focus on the societal, structural and institutional barriers which have historically worked to exclude these individuals.
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Hollertz, Julia. "Diversity is best : A literary analysis of how Mark Haddon’s “The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time” may promote understanding and awareness towards the social construct of neurodiversity." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-84472.
Full textAbstract:
This essay investigates how the first person narrative of Mark Haddon’s neurodiverse protagonist in The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time raises awareness for the complexity of neurodiversity in relation to a neurotypical society. This has been done by applying the critical lens of Disability Studies and Disability Studies in Education to explain how disability is a concept of social and cultural construct. As the Swedish school has failed to provide neurodiverse students with the inclusive environment they need, the importance of fostering students who are accepting towards cognitive disabilities is greater than ever. This essay therefore argues that an inclusion of Haddon’s novel in the EFL classroom could be used to provide the students with understanding for neurodiversity as well as strategies that could help them to navigate in a socially demanding society.
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Paterson, Ruth Elizabeth. "Development and evaluation of a theoretical model to predict medicines adherence in people with mild to moderate intellectual disability and diabetes : a mixed methods study." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2018. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1526669.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Fifty percent of medications are not taken as prescribed. This is a major public health issue yet there is very limited evidence on the factors associated with medicines adherence in people with mild to moderate Intellectually Disabilities and diabetes (IDD). This study evaluated the frequency of, and factors associated with, medicines non-adherence in this group compared to people without ID but with diabetes (non-IDD).Methods: A systematic review of the literature informed the theoretical model tested. A two-stage, sequential mixed methods study with 111 people with type 1 and 2 diabetes, (IDD = 33, non-IDD = 78) was then carried out. Stage one (quantitative) compared frequency of medication adherence in the group overall, IDD and non-IDD. Univariate and multiple regression analysis evaluated associations between factors (ID, depression, side effects, self-efficacy and perceived level of social support) and medicines non-adherence. Stage two (qualitative) explored findings of stage one with 12 stage one participants' carers using semi-structured interviews. Results: Data were collected between July 2014 and May 2016. The frequency of medicines adherence was similar in the IDD and non-IDD population (70% vs 62%, p = 0.41). The theoretical model did not predict medicines non-adherence. After controlling for support with medicines and complexity of regime (number of medications and use of insulin), depression was an independent predictor in the non-IDD and group overall (p < 0.001). In the IDD group, perceived side effects was an important, but non-significant, predictor of non-adherence (p = 0.06). Carers' perceptions of adherence and depression were consistent with stage one findings. Conclusions: Optimising adherence to diabetes medicines is equally challenging in IDD and non-IDD populations. Associations between independent factors and adherence differed between the two groups: in the non-IDD population, depressive symptoms were associated with non-adherence whereas in the IDD population perceived level of side effects appeared most dominant. Due to small sample sizes findings were inconclusive therefore, a sufficiently powered study further investigating the relationship between adherence and side effects in people with ID and diabetes is recommended.
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Ola, Bolanle. "Living with sickle cell disease and depression in Lagos, Nigeria." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/12266.
Full textAbstract:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) and depression are each major public health issues globally. Nigeria currently has the largest proportion of people with SCD worldwide, with up to 150,000 annual births. This study highlights the limitations of previous studies, which only utilize the biomedical model in explaining SCD, and which pay insufficient attention to the lived experiences of people with SCD. Extant literature reports strong associations between SCD and depression, and locates the problem ‘only’ in terms of disease severity, levels of service utilization or alleged psychological maladjustment to SCD condition. Biomedical research tends to treat stigma as a predicament that automatically correlates with SCD. Data collected was guided by a modified three-staged theoretical framework derived from Arthur Kleinman, with the use of questionnaires (incorporating Patient Health Questionnaire) to describe depression in persons with SCD; 15 in-depth interviews to explore the illness experience of SCD, and a series of six focus groups to examine depression and stigma in SCD as a form of ‘societal sickness’. In the first stage, questionnaires were administered to 103 outpatients at an SCD clinic in Lagos, Nigeria, and findings revealed an association of depression with age, and severity of SCD as indicated by symptoms such as leg ulcers. The first stage enabled those with moderate depression to be identified and invited into the subsequent stages (two and three) of the research. In the second stage, fifteen in-depth interviews with adults living with SCD were conducted and analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA), also drawing on the influences of Herbert Blumer and Erving Goffman. Testimonies suggested that people with SCD face overwhelmingly negative criticisms from a wide range of significant others, including close family members; that the discrimination they face arises not from their condition per se but from the societal norms and expectation that they are assumed to break; and that they themselves identify pathways from the negative experience they endure to their own depression and mental distress. In the third stage, a series of three focus groups, each with five participants, found that people with SCD began to reject negative labels, identify challenges in their own terms, gain a sense of confidence and identity from their participation in groups, and began to identify social barriers to their full participation in society that they wished to challenge. The overall findings of the research suggest that by coming together in groups, people with SCD themselves suggest that rigorously researched social interventions may be considered an important adjunct to medical interventions in improving the lives of those living with SCD in Nigeria and throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
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Bovell, Virginia. "Is the prevention and/or cure of autism a morally legitimate quest?" Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:59b5a983-b6a9-4f39-a7fd-0c67757aab73.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis explores the ethical questions underlying important contemporary debates about how society should respond to autism; whether autism is 'disease', 'disability' or 'difference', and whether it requires 'treatment' or 'acceptance'. Part 1 comprises a historical overview of how knowledge about autism has evolved through the perspective of contrasting stakeholders – clinicians and researchers, parents, professionals, the neuro-diversity movement. It reviews the main areas of academic ethical discussion to date with regard to autism, and proposes a new analytic framework – structured in terms of six 'categories of intervention': from pre-conceptual measures to post-birth interventions targeted towards infants and adults, and from individuals through to wider societal measures. Part 2 then conducts an ethical analysis using this framework. Examples are offered at each stage of intervention, along with a discussion of the ethical questions posed at each one. Part 3 reflects on the questions to which Part 2 has given rise, addressing the way ethical positions on how to respond to autism rely on wider views about quality of life and wellbeing; parental virtues; the impact of local decisions on wider states of affairs (the Big Conundrum); and views on "where autism sits" in comparison with other conditions (the Analogy Challenge). It is argued that to conflate autism and suffering is to fail to do justice to extreme variations among autistic people, and disguises the extent to which external barriers may be the main obstacles to flourishing for autistic people and their families. The real-life conditions in which autistic people and their families struggle for recognition and support are therefore held to be of crucial significance for making both global and localised ethical judgements. It is therefore concluded that cure and/or prevention are not morally defensible as global targets for autism as a whole, but should be clearly distinguished from the ethical importance of supportive and therapeutic interventions to address particular problems that autistic individuals may have. The implications, for research and practice, are spelled out, with particular emphasis on the need for further dialogue among all stakeholders.