Academic literature on the topic 'Social meaning and action synthesis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Social meaning and action synthesis"
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Alexander, Michael. "Pemaknaan Simbol Representasional Lintas Agama: Sebuah Upaya Merumuskan Alur Rekursif Imposisi Makna Simbol." Jurnal Filsafat 30, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jf.57053.
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Representational symbols of religious identity are open resource of meaning. Instead of reconstructing meaning, interpretation is a recollection of cultural traditions. Therefore, disputes over symbols occur because of conflicting values, perceptions, and worldviews. However, cultural traditions are not static dogmas preserved in religious cultural memory. They are dynamic because they are also influenced by contemporary relations between groups. This paper argues for the fluidity of construction meaning of symbols and the role of social interaction and synthesize two ideas. First, Roland Barthes' view on a social semiotic approach to representational symbol will be raised. Second, the idea of symbolic interaction that meaning is a social construction, defined through interactions between collectives, and manifested in the form of actions following interpretations that arise within the subject of meaning. Finally, the author will formulate a recursive semiotic model as a synthesis of the two discussed approaches. The fluidity of meaning will appear through the definition and redefinition that occur in the recursive process. The conclusion to be drawn is that social relations are the key to the formulation of symbolic meaning.
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Svirin, Yury Alexandrovich, Eduard Eduardovich Artyukhov, Igor Mikhaylovich Divin, Badma Vladimirovich Sangadzhiev, and Vladislav Petrovich Sorokin. "Shares as an object of civil law regulation." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 70 (October 10, 2021): 570–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3970.33.
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The objective of the article was to analyze the actions as an object of civil law regulation. The market contributes to the accumulation of capital and its transformation into investment resources for the financing of the productive and social spheres, which improves the general well-being of the population. Meanwhile, the legal nature of the shares has not yet been clearly defined in Russian law and there is, consequently, a dichotomy in the choice of ways to protect the owners of securities, including shares. For the development of the research, methods such as synthesis, theoretical analysis, abstraction, deduction, induction, classification, comparative law, refutation were used. Based on the legal acts that regulate the stock market, a comprehensive study of the problems of legal regulation of the rotation of shares is carried out, to determine the prospects for development and ways to improve the legal regulation of shares, as well as to look for ways to protect the rights of securities holders. Among the most significant results, the legal nature of the action was revealed, the meaning of categories such as: document, security and action was cleared, and the definition of action was formulated.
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Fernández, Jesús Manuel Villegas, and Victoria Rodríguez-Blanco. "The Independence of the Judiciary: Meaning and Threats." Juridica International 31 (October 25, 2022): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2022.31.06.
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What an ‘independent’ judiciary means in a democratic society is a complex question, bringing in such elements as the governing of high courts, recruitment of judges, and their susceptibility to disciplinary action. Those subjects are not isolated items but components of a wider system, with its functioning ruled by political principles. Therefore, it is essential to identify the ideological conceptions beneath the diverse theses offered. The paper examines recent events in Poland and Spain that offer valuable data to illustrate the problem. In synthesis, two broad theoretical tendencies emerge: on one side, judges ought to be controlled by politicians, at least to a certain extent, in aims of safeguarding the democratic foundations of the Constitutional legal frame; on the other side, the emphasis is on judicial self-government as a means of preserving courts from corruption associated with pressure exerted by political, economic, or social lobbies. The paper presents a proposed solution to the controversy, involving characterisation of the minimum standards for a free judiciary in a democratic legal order, and for detecting the risks inherent to both politicisation and corporatism. The model is constructed by means of legal methodology that entails comparison among legal systems of different sorts in light of international documents, among them reports by the Council of Europe. A particularly significant contrast is visible in the distance between Continental and Common Law traditions, illuminated via consideration also of the United States.
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Ram-Prasad, Chakravarthi. "A Classical Indian Philosophical Perspective on Ageing and the Meaning of Life." Ageing and Society 15, no. 1 (March 1995): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00002105.
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AbstractIndian thought conceives of life in four normative stages: of student, householder, forest-dweller and renouncer. A metaphysical theory related to the conception of life-stages is that of the ends or purposes of life: appropriate conduct, material well-being, physical satisfaction and liberation. The theory of the ends of life is reconstructed here in the light of contemporary philosophical discussions about the meaning of life. The first three ends are part of a world-oriented attitude; the last end, of world-transcending contemplation. Among age-neutral and age-specific ways of relating life stages and life ends, that of taking old age as the time for the renunciatory stage is important and is examined in the context of the two main theories of meaning: world-oriented and world-transcending. Old age is secondary to earlier stages in a world-oriented theory, more significant in the world-transcendent one. However, both theories, seen independently, are paradoxical. In a synthesis, the world-transcendence of renunciation in old age is paramount in Indian thought, but worldly action is significant because renunciation depends on the richness of the life renounced. This reconstruction of an ancient ideal is offered as a philosophical paradigm for transculturally relevant attitudes to life in old age.
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Marcos, Maria Lucília. "Identidade narrativa e ética do reconhecimento." Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies 2, no. 2 (December 4, 2011): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/errs.2011.92.
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The relational and intersubjective model of subjectivity does not deny the subject, neither does the self-narrating exercise of synthesis of the heterogeneous evade the identity question. It is the role of language to found the meaning of ipseity, to articulate the needs and desires, to organize the dispersion experienced, and to tie action to moral principles of social responsibility. Reflection and self-reflection structure the human experiences of recognition. The correlation between the idea of freedom of individual choice and the idea of collective responsibility is the opportunity for the affirmation of each one and for the establishment of reciprocity between everyone. Within this context, the dialogue between Ricœur, Honneth and Sen proves to be very inspiring.
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Trevenen-Jones, Ann (Ann), Min J. Cho, Jyothi Thrivikraman, and Daniela Vicherat Mattar. "Snap-Send-Share-Story: A Methodological Approach to Understanding Urban Residents’ Household Food Waste Group Stories in The Hague (Netherlands)." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 19 (January 1, 2020): 160940692098132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406920981325.
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Rich understandings of the phenomenon, urban household food waste (HFW), are critical to realizing the vision of sustainable, inclusive human settlement. In 2018/19, an exploratory study of HFW perceptions and practices of a diversity of urban residents, was conducted in the Bezuidenhout neighborhood, The Hague (Netherlands). Nineteen participants, communicating in one of three languages, as per their preference, participated through-out this visually enhanced study. The sequential “Snap-Send-Share-Story” qualitative, participatory action research (PAR) inspired methodology, employed in the study, is introduced in this paper. Focus groups (“Story”) which resourced and followed photovoice individual interviews (“Snap-Send-Share”) are principally emphasized. Three focus groups were conducted viz. Dutch (n = 7), English (n = 7) and Arabic (n = 5), within a narrative, photo elicitation style. Explicit and tacit, sensitive, private and seemingly evident yet hard to succinctly verbalize interpretations of HFW—shared and contested—were expressed through group stories. Participants accessed a stream of creativity, from photographing HFW in the privacy of their homes to co-constructing stories in the social research space of focus groups. Stories went beyond the content of the photographs to imagine zero HFW. This approach encouraged critical interaction, awareness of HFW, reflexive synthesis of meaning and deliberations regard social and ecological action.
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Aguinis, Herman, Isabel Villamor, and Kelly P. Gabriel. "Understanding employee responses to COVID-19: a behavioral corporate social responsibility perspective." Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management 18, no. 4 (August 12, 2020): 421–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrjiam-06-2020-1053.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to critically synthesize and integrate conceptual and empirical research on the behavioral perspective on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and explain why it is useful and necessary, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors explain why CSR can result in both positive and negative outcomes and provide future research directions and recommendations for practice and policymaking. Design/methodology/approach This study focuses on critical literature review and synthesis. Findings CSR policies in response to COVID-19 are created by organizations but are implemented by individual employees. The way employees perceive and react to CSR actions are key determinants of CSR’s implementation and success. CSR can be embedded within or peripheral to a firm’s core functioning. While embedded CSR is linked to several positive outcomes if correctly implemented together with employees, peripheral CSR is linked to “the dark side” of CSR and can result in negative employee outcomes. Practical implications Using the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors detail types of CSR actions that governments and organizations can implement and their relative effectiveness; why “one size fits all” top-down CSR does not work; how firms can use human resource management practices to re-engage employees through finding meaning in work; and the “dark side” of CSR. Social implications Using the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors detail types of CSR actions that governments and organizations can implement and their relative effectiveness; why “one size fits all” top-down CSR does not work; how firms can use human resource management practices to re-engage employees through finding meaning in work; and the “dark side” of CSR. Originality/value CSR research has focused mostly on why and when firms choose to engage in CSR. A behavioral perspective on CSR facilitates, through an employee-centric conceptual framework, a deeper understanding of when and why employee reactions lead to positive and unintended negative outcomes, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Willy Lima and Prof. Enid F. Newell-McLymont. "Qualitative Research Methods: A Critical Analysis." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 11, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.2.27.
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Creswell (2014) noted that qualitative research is an approach for exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem. The article embodies a critical analysis of chapters one to twelve of Stake (2010). In chapter one, Qualitative research: How things work is seen as qualitative, is based on a comprehensive aim seeking to answer the questions why and how. It analyzes actions and interactions, taking into account the intentions of the actors. An analytic perspective on the interpretation of the Person as an instrument is the thrust of chapter two. Chapter three examines the experiential understanding: Most qualitative study is experiential, in this chapter stake (2010) discusses two common research approaches, qualitative and quantitative methods. Chapter four Stating the Problem: Questioning How This Thing Works. Chapter five deals with the Methods-Gatherings Data, while chapter six illuminates the Review of Literature: Zooming to See the Problem. In chapter seven, the author implores the evidence: Bolstering Judgment and Reconnoitering. Chapter eight propels Analysis and Synthesis: How Things Work. Chapter nine acts as a mirror that invites the researcher to examine their action research and Self-Evaluation: Finding our Own How our Place Works. Finally, in chapters ten to twelve, the author compels Storytelling: Illustrating How Things Work, Writing the Final Report: An Iterative Convergence, and Advocacy and Ethics: Making Things Work Better. This work is expected to guide future researchers in developing their research in qualitative research.
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Chernenko, Halyna. "The formation of junior pupils' world outlook while studying the integrated course «I explore the world»." HUMANITARIUM 44, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2308-5126-2019-44-2-144-150.
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The article considers the problem of the formation of the world outlook among junior pupils in the study of an integrated course «I Explore the World». The concept of the «world outlook» is substantiated from different perspectives, types of world outlook (folk, scientific, everyday, theoretical, individual, mass) are distinguished and characterized. The basic structural elements of the outlook (views, representation, knowledge, beliefs, deeds) are substantiated.It is determined that the world outlook is a system of principles, knowledge, ideals, values, hopes, beliefs, views of the meaning and purpose of life that determine the activity of an individual or social subject and organically interwoven with their actions and norms of thinking. From another point of view it is proved that the world outlook is not only a sum of knowledge about the world, it is a synthesis of forms of knowledge and diverse feelings, values, meanings of comprehension of the human world, a personal vision of their own problems, not only the process of assimilation of the finished knowledge, experience, values, but also the perception of the world through the needs of personality development.The content of the integrated course «I Explore the World»is analyzed. The author has investigated that the purpose of the course is the personal development of junior schoolchildren on the basis of the formation of a holistic image of the world in the process of assimilating various types of social experience, which covers the system of integrated knowledge about nature and society, value orientations in various spheres of life and social practice, methods of research behavior that characterize the ability of students to solve practical problems. The main ways and conditions of the process of junior pupils’ world outlook formation are highlighted and the effectiveness of the course «I explore the world» in this process is proved.
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CHAIKA, Oksana, Inna SAVYTSKA, Natalia SHARMANOVA, and Liudmyla ZAKRENYTSKA. "Poly- and/or Multiculturality of Future Teachers in Foreign Language Instruction: Methodological Facet." WISDOM 20, no. 4 (December 24, 2021): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v20i4.583.
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The article considers some methodological approaches that underlie the research and study of questions connected to education and cultivation of polyculturality and multiculturality of / with future teachers in foreign language instruction in higher education. In particular, the focuses are with the study and discussion of the culturological and axiological approaches to complement synthesis and analysis, induction and deduction, etc. It is believed that it is philosophy, which seeks to act as a coordinator of interactions between others and their own - the implementation of the subjects’ understanding of their practical value, normative and cognitive behaviors in the general cultural space. To this part, philosophical thinking converges with the social action theories, where the purpose is to create a productive exchange of meanings, values ??and concepts between subjects in an interaction, in which such subjects are seen ‘engaged agents’ rather than ‘puppets’ of the society.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social meaning and action synthesis"
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Quinn, Rapin, and rapin quinn@dest gov au. "NGOs, Peasants and the State: Transformation and Intervention in Rural Thailand, 1970-1990." The Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, 1997. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060227.084102.
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This study examines people-centred Thai NGOs trying to help peasants empower themselves in order to compete better in conflicts over land, water, forest, and capital, during the 1970s to 1990s. The study investigates how the NGOs contested asymmetric power relations among government officials, private entrepreneurs and ordinary people while helping raise the peoples confidence in their own power to negotiate their demands with other actors.¶
The thesis argues that the NGOs are able to play an interventionist role when a number of key factors coexist. First, the NGOs are able to understand local situations, which contain asymmetric power relations between different actors, in relation to current changes in the wider context of the Thai political economy and seize the time to take action. Secondly, the NGOs are able to articulate a social meaning beyond the dominating rhetoric of the state and the capitalists which encourages the peoples participation in collective activities. Thirdly, while dealing with one problem in social relations and negotiation with local environment, the NGOs are able to recognise new problems as they arise and rapidly identify a new political space for the actors to renegotiate their conflicting interests and demands. Fourthly, the NGOs are able to recreate new meanings, new actors and reform their organisations and networks to deal with new situations. Finally, the NGOs are able to effectively use three pillars of their movement, namely individuals, organisations and networks to deal with everyday politics and collective protest.¶
The case studies in three villages in Northern Thailand reveal that the NGOs were able to play an interventionist role in specific situations through their alternative development strategies somewhat influenced by structural Marxism. The thesis recommends that the NGO interventionist role be continued so as to overcome tensions within the NGO community, for instance, between the NGOs working at the grass-roots level and the NGOs working at regional and national levels (including NGO funding agencies); local everyday conflicts; and the bipolar views of a society among the NGOs expressed in dichotomous thinking between rural and urban, community and state, conflict and order, actor and system.¶
The fragmentation of NGO social and environmental movements showed that there is no single formula or easy solution to the problems. If the NGOs want to continue their interventionist role to help empower ordinary people and help them gain access to productive resources, they must move beyond their bipolar views of a society to discover the middle ground to search for new meanings, new actors, new issues and to create again and again counter-hegemony movements. This could be done by having abstract development theories assessed and enriched by concrete development practices and vice versa. Both theorists and practitioners need to use their own imagination to invent and reinvent what and how best to continue.
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Roberts, Kathleen. "The Meaning Making That Leads to Social Entrepreneurial Action." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1323395903.
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Pylkkänen, Elisa Maaria. "Words that carry meaning: issue definition and affirmative action." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18203.
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This paper presents a comparative study of affirmative action policies in effect in seven countries: Australia, Canada, India, the Netherlands, South Africa, United Kingdom, and the United States. Drawing on a wide range of literature, the paper discusses several analytical frameworks that help in describing and accounting for differences between the policies, including the distinction between soft and hard affirmative action, ideological differences, and the social actors expected to adapt to affirmative action legislation. Ultimately, however, it is argued that the greatest insights can be gained by applying the issue definition perspective into the study of affirmative action, in particular by examining the language associated with these policies. Based on the analysis, a typology of affirmative action policies is developed, bringing together the findings of the different analytical perspectives presented in the paper.Le présent mémoire est une étude comparée de politiques d’action positive en vigueur dans sept pays : l’Australie, le Canada, l’Inde, les Pays-Bas, l’Afrique du Sud, le Royaume-Uni, et les États-Unis. Se basant sur une variété d’études universitaires, le mémoire aborde trois approches analytiques qui ajoutent à notre compréhension des différences entre les politiques : la distinction entre les mesures antidiscriminatoires dites douces et dures, les différences idéologiques, et les acteurs sociaux dont le comportement est visé par la législation. L’argument principal s’appuie sur la perspective théorique de définition de problèmes et soutient que la langue associée avec les politiques d’action positive nous aide à comprendre les différences observées entre ces politiques. Enfin, une typologie de programmes d’action positive est développée à partir des cadres analytiques présentés tout au long de l’étude. fr
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West, Simon. "Meaning and Action in Sustainability Science : Interpretive approaches for social-ecological systems research." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-135463.
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Social-ecological systems research is interventionist by nature. As a subset of sustainability science, social-ecological systems research aims to generate knowledge and introduce concepts that will bring about transformation. Yet scientific concepts diverge in innumerable ways when they are put to work in the world. Why are concepts used in quite different ways to the intended purpose? Why do some appear to fail and others succeed? What do the answers to these questions tell us about the nature of science-society engagement, and what implications do they have for social-ecological systems research and sustainability science? This thesis addresses these questions from an interpretive perspective, focusing on the meanings that shape human actions. In particular, the thesis examines how meaning, interpretation and experience shape the enactment of four action-oriented sustainability concepts: adaptive management, biosphere reserves, biodiversity corridors and planetary boundaries/reconnecting to the biosphere. In so doing, the thesis provides in-depth empirical applications of three interpretive traditions – hermeneutic, discursive and dialogical – that together articulate a broadly interpretive approach to studying social-ecological complexity. In the hermeneutic tradition, Paper I presents a ‘rich narrative’ case study of a single practitioner tasked with enacting adaptive management in an Australian land management agency, and Paper II provides a qualitative multi-case study of learning among 177 participants in 11 UNESCO biosphere reserves. In the discursive tradition, Paper III uses Q-method to explore interpretations of ‘successful’ biodiversity corridors among 20 practitioners, scientists and community representatives in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. In the dialogical tradition, Paper IV reworks conventional understandings of knowledge-action relationships by using three concepts from contemporary practice theory – ‘actionable understanding,’ ‘ongoing business’ and the ‘eternally unfolding present’ – to explore the enactment of adaptive management in an Australian national park. Paper V explores ideas of human-environment connection in the concepts planetary boundaries and reconnecting to the biosphere, and develops an ‘embodied connection’ where human-environment relations emerge through interactivity between mind, body and environment over time. Overall, the thesis extends the frontiers of social-ecological systems research by highlighting the meanings that shape social-ecological complexity; by contributing theories and methods that treat social-ecological change as a relational and holistic process; and by providing entry points to address knowledge, politics and power. The thesis contributes to sustainability science more broadly by introducing novel understandings of knowledge-action relationships; by providing advice on how to make sustainability interventions more useful and effective; by introducing tools that can improve co-production and outcome assessment in the global research platform Future Earth; and by helping to generate robust forms of justification for transdisciplinary knowledge production. The interventionist, actionable nature of social-ecological systems research means that interpretive approaches are an essential complement to existing structural, institutional and behavioural perspectives. Interpretive research can help build a scientifically robust, normatively committed and critically reflexive sustainability science.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
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Rector-Aranda, Amy. "Critically Compassionate Intellectualism in Teacher Education: Making Meaning of a Practitioner and Participatory Action Research Inquiry." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491303424138702.
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Feroz, Barbara A. "Exploring the meaning of power and voice through a participatory action research project conducted by a doctoral student." Open access to IUP's electronic theses and dissertations, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2069/148.
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Nelson, Meaghan Brady. "How Social Consciousness and the Development of Social Responsibility Can Grow Through the Meaning-Making Processes of Collaboration and Artmaking." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343620040.
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Menck, Jessica Claire. "Recipes of Resolve: Food and Meaning in Post-Diluvian New Orleans." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1331074997.
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Klatt, Suzanne. "They're just kids: Residential educators' frustration and hope expressed as action." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1367600530.
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Lelli, Therese. "Behind Closed Doors: From an Open Celebration to a Secret Practice : An Ethnographic Study of the Meaning and Function of Female Genital Mutilation/Circumcision in Singida, Tanzania." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-356711.
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This research examines the practice of Female Genital Mutilation/Circumcision (FGM/C) as a social phenomenon in Singida Region, Tanzania. The aim is to contribute to a deepened cultural anthropological understanding of the function and meaning behind the practice in Singida, and how it reacts to external factors of change, such as human rights-based laws and projects aiming to eradicate FGM/C. This was done by conducting an ethnographic field study, with the help of staff members from the Christian Council of Tanzania (CCT). Through the theoretical framework, aiming to grasp the complexity of FGM/C, aspects such as visible and invisible violence, patriarchal structures, social schemes, anomalies, change and rites, were analyzed on the collected material consisting of semi-structured interviews and participatory observations. From the conducted analysis, it was shown that FGM/C was a deeply imbedded cultural practice which purpose is to (1) enable women to consolidate to womanhood and ensure a full membership in society and (2) cure girls from a disease known as lawalawa. This is because the clitoris is believed to be connected to diseases and to enhance the risk of abnormal behavior that does not belong to womanhood. The thesis shows how lawalawa was fabricated as a reaction towards the ban on FGM/C in Tanzania and how it was used to (unknowingly or knowingly) justify the continuance of the practice. It was also showed that members of societies who engage in FGM/C, are likely to avoid abandoning FGM/C if possible, however change is achievable if it is implemented in a sensitive way with knowledge on local reaction towards external factors of change.
Books on the topic "Social meaning and action synthesis"
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Alexander, Jeffrey C. Action and its environments: Toward a new synthesis. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.
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Meaning in action: Constructions, narratives, and representations. [Tokyo?]: Springer, 2008.
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A, McClelland Kent, and Fararo Thomas J, eds. Purpose, meaning, and action: Control systems theories in sociology. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
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Peter, Marris, ed. Meaning and action: Community planning and conceptions of change. 2nd ed. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1987.
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Klein, Mike. Teaching A peace of my mind: Exploring the meaning of peace one story at a time. United States]: [publisher not identified], 2014.
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Reed, Isaac Ariail. Cultural Sociology as Research Program: Post-Positivism, Meaning, and Causality. Edited by Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ronald N. Jacobs, and Philip Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195377767.013.2.
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This article examines cultural sociology as a research program from an epistemological standpoint within the larger context of “post-positivist” social science. It first outlines an understanding of what sociological knowledge is and does before discussing the problematic status of cultural interpretations, with particular emphasis on the distinction between minimal and maximal interpretations. A minimal interpretation is a report upon some social actions that happened, whereas a maximal interpretation is a synthesis of abstract theoretical terms with one or more minimal interpretations. The article proceeds with an analysis of post-positivism and the debate over maximal interpretations and concludes by exploring three presuppositions that describe how the cultural sociologist is able to make explanatory knowledge claims about social life: reasons are causes; cultural theory is nominalist; and the sociohistorical world is metaphysically pluralist.
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Alexander, Jeffrey C. Action and Its Environments: Toward a New Synthesis. Columbia University Press, 1990.
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Meaning in Action: Constructions, Narratives, and Representations. Springer, 2010.
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Meaning in Action: Constructions, Narratives, and Representations. Springer, 2008.
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Social Action Systems: Foundation and Synthesis in Sociological Theory. Praeger Publishers, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Social meaning and action synthesis"
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Heise, David R. "Sentiment Formation in Social Interaction." In Purpose, Meaning, and Action, 189–211. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10809-8_8.
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Fararo, Thomas J., and John Skvoretz. "Institutionalized Social Action: Control at the Program Level." In Purpose, Meaning, and Action, 113–36. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10809-8_5.
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Dignum, Frank, Virginia Dignum, and Catholijn M. Jonker. "The Social Meaning of Physical Action." In Progress in Artificial Intelligence, 468–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40669-0_40.
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Graham, Matthew, and Chris Bitten. "Counseling Intentional Addiction Recovery Grounded in Relationships and Social Meaning." In Counseling and Action, 211–22. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0773-1_12.
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Staubmann, Helmut, and Victor Lidz. "Discussions on the Meaning of Rationality in Action." In Rationality in the Social Sciences, 47–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62377-1_3.
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Cremaschi, Marco, Carlotta Fioretti, Terri Mannarini, and Sergio Salvatore. "The Meaning of Culture." In Culture in Policy Making: The Symbolic Universes of Social Action, 3–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71967-8_1.
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Bilton, Tony, Kevin Bonnett, Pip Jones, David Skinner, Michelle Stanworth, and Andrew Webster. "Making Social Life: Theories of Action and Meaning." In Introductory Sociology, 618–41. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24712-7_18.
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Bilton, Tony, Kevin Bonnett, Pip Jones, David Skinner, Michelle Stanworth, and Andrew Webster. "Making Social Life: Theories of Action and Meaning." In Introductory Sociology, 74–78. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14741-0_18.
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Greenwood, John D. "Causal Explanation and the Meaning of Human Action." In Explanation and Experiment in Social Psychological Science, 117–26. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8801-2_7.
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Adamopoulos, John. "The Emergence of Social Meaning: A Theory of Action Construal." In Handbook of Social Resource Theory, 255–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4175-5_16.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Social meaning and action synthesis"
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Somova, Oksana, and Pavel Vladimirov. "The problem of intersubjectivity in Western philosophy: Boundaries of the communicative approach." In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.08095s.
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The article defines the meaning of the phenomenological approach to the analysis of the concept of intersubjectivity in the context of social and philosophical problems of the balance of the Self and the Other. The discourse is based on the correlation of phenomenological orientation and communicative action in determining the mechanisms of identity of the Self in relation to the Other in the inseparability of social reality. A sequential analysis of prerequisites and research approaches aimed at testing the problem of intersubjectivity is carried out. The focus is placed on social phenomenological research of A. Schutz and the theory of communicative action of J. Habermas, which are aimed at understanding the correlation between the peculiarities of human existence, his life-world and the area of social relations or the inevitability of establishing overindividual patterns. Relevance of the research lies in elaborating the issue of establishing intersubjectivity under the fundamental non-identity of the subjects of communication and their predetermined attitudes. The article concludes by outlining the feasibility of expanding the rational predetermination of the subject-subjective structure of communicative action with the research area of social phenomenology.
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Somova, Oksana, and Pavel Vladimirov. "The problem of intersubjectivity in Western philosophy: Boundaries of the communicative approach." In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.08095s.
Full textAbstract:
The article defines the meaning of the phenomenological approach to the analysis of the concept of intersubjectivity in the context of social and philosophical problems of the balance of the Self and the Other. The discourse is based on the correlation of phenomenological orientation and communicative action in determining the mechanisms of identity of the Self in relation to the Other in the inseparability of social reality. A sequential analysis of prerequisites and research approaches aimed at testing the problem of intersubjectivity is carried out. The focus is placed on social phenomenological research of A. Schutz and the theory of communicative action of J. Habermas, which are aimed at understanding the correlation between the peculiarities of human existence, his life-world and the area of social relations or the inevitability of establishing overindividual patterns. Relevance of the research lies in elaborating the issue of establishing intersubjectivity under the fundamental non-identity of the subjects of communication and their predetermined attitudes. The article concludes by outlining the feasibility of expanding the rational predetermination of the subject-subjective structure of communicative action with the research area of social phenomenology.
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Abdullah, Nur Nabilah, and Rafidah Sahar. "Exploring Intercultural Interaction: The Use of Semiotic Resources in Meaning-Making Processes." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.10-3.
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Intercultural communication refers to interaction between speakers of different backgrounds, such as different linguistic and cultural origins (Kim 2001). Interaction in face-to face situations has demonstrated that spoken language involves both verbal and semiotic resources for social action. Semiotic resources that include use of talk, gestures, eye gaze and other nonverbal cues can convey semantic content and can become a crucial point in conversation (Hazel et al. 2014). Drawing on a Aonversation Analysis (CA) approach, we explore how participants employed semiotic resources in word searches activities in an intercultural context. Word searches are moments in interaction when a speaker’s turn is temporarily ceased as the speaker displays difficulty in searching for appropriate linguistic items so as to formulate the talk (Schegloff et al. 1977; Kurhila 2006). In this study, naturally occurring interactions in a multilingual setting were video recorded. The participants were Asian university students with different language backgrounds. The findings suggest that multilingual participants mutually collaborate by utilizing verbal affordances, gaze, gesture and other nonverbal cues as useful semiotic resources in the meaning-making process, and thus resolving word search impediments to facilitate intercultural interaction.
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Svetlichny, Aleksander, and Mikhail Khorev. "On the need to develop a unified terminological approach to the concept of ‘extremism’." In East – West: Practical Approaches to Countering Terrorism and Preventing Violent Extremism. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcshss.uhvo1598.
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The article deals with the issues of understanding the term ‘extremism’. The research results showing that in society (among both ordinary citizens and representatives of law enforcement agencies), despite the existing bias against extremism, there is no clear understanding of the meaning of this term are presented. Consideration of extremism without taking into account the meaning and context of the term itself leads to a narrow understanding of the phenomenon and its consequences. This has led to extremism being described in such terms as ‘terrorism’ and ‘radicalisation’ or ‘polarisation’, which require responses (such as counter-terrorism measures and military action) from governments to combat this form of extremism. In our opinion, this approach is not entirely correct and, in some cases, can lead to negative consequences, since the problem of extremism has rather deep roots and an understanding of the social and psychological origins of this phenomenon is required for its effective solution. An analysis of its context provides additional insight into possible solutions to combat extremism. This may prompt governments to take action to ensure a more sustainable approach to countering extremism.
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Niglas, Katrin, and Kairi Osula. "University-level data analysis courses with the emphasis on understanding and communication of statistics –a ten years action research project." In Statistics Education and the Communication of Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.05403.
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In 1994, an action research project was initiated in Tallinn Pedagogical University (Estonia) with the aim to work out and implement a new course in statistics for students of social sciences and education. It was considered important to develop the students’ ability to understand the practical, real life meaning of statistical concepts as well as the ability to communicate statistics in two different (Estonian) languages: in so called “statistical language” and “everyday language understandable also to a layman.” During the year 2004 about 300 students who had completed data analysis course were given semi-structured survey questionnaires focussing especially on the communication aspects of the course. This paper will give an overview of the main results which tend to support strongly the approach that assumes the active involvement of students and emphasises the development of communication skills.
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BUDZYŃSKA, Aleksandra. "THE ROLE OF DIPLOMACY IN THE COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." In SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of "Henri Coanda" Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2022.23.7.
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The aim of this article is to characterise the importance of diplomacy in the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union. In connection with such a defined objective the following research problems have also been formulated: 1) What is the genesis and meaning of the term diplomacy? 2) What is the significance and influence of diplomacy in the European Union?3) What is the European External Action Service and what significance does it have in in diplomacy? 4) What impact does the Common Foreign and Security Policy have on the European Union's integration service? The answers to the above questions clearly outline the importance of diplomacy in the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union. European Union. From the outset, it has influenced the European Union's action on the international stage, particularly at foreign policy level and in the operation of the European External Action Service. The effects of the diplomatic steps taken can be seen, for example, in the cooperation undertaken with the European Union's most important partners in the world. The method of analysis, synthesis and inference has been used to realise this aim and answer the research problems.
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Hou Vat, Kam. "On the Idea of Organization Transformation: The IS/IT Design Challenge in Systems Thinking." In InSITE 2004: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2808.
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This paper investigates the idea of organization transformation appropriate to the advent of information technologies (IT). Specifically, we describe a traceable framework of transformation, which accommodates the shift of information system (IS) support from automating to informating to knowledging. The paper intends to clarify the context of IT/IS-based organization transformation through the contextualization of IS support and its relation to organizational design. This is done by elaborating the design issue of IS support that help structure and facilitate knowledge interconnectivity, through the exposition of the social processes in which, in a specific organizational context, a particular group of people can conceptualize their world and hence the purposeful action they wish to undertake. That provides the basis for ascertaining what information support is needed by those who undertake that action. Only then does it become appropriate to ask how modern IT can help to provide that support. We conclude by reiterating the challenge of designing IS’s as meaning attribution systems in which people select certain resources out of the mass potentially available and get them processed by means of IT, to make them meaningful in order to support their purposeful actions.
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Cavalcante de Melo, Thamyres, and Bianca Gomes da Silva Muylaert Monteiro de Castro. "Affirmative action and justice policies: an analysis of the understanding of law course students about the legal reservation of places for access to higher education." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212440.
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Affirmative actions reflect the ideal of achieving equal opportunities and represent the realization of cultural transformations in order to reduce the effects of historically accumulated inequalities. Such actions are capableof implementing greater representation of minority groups in the most diverse domains of public and private activity. In the case of quotas instituted to guarantee minority access to higher education, the reservation of places is one of the forms of social justice that tries to guarantee a minimum level of education for the most disadvantaged, trying to compensate and equalize the opportunities for access to education. This research aimed to analyze the perception of students in the ISECENSA Law course about the affirmative action policy, with an emphasis on the quota modality that promotes the legal reserve of places for the so-called “minorities”. Therefore, the methodology used was qualiquantitative and had as its starting point the bibliographical review to situate the quota policy as an object in the field of socio-legal studies. Documentary analysis of laws on the subject was carried out, as well as field research, through which the questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument to verify the position of ISECENSA law students on the quota policy and to identify whether the students understand the meaning of the quota policy. Thus, 115 questionnaires were applied to students from the 1st to the 5th period of the Isecensa Law course and the data collected showed the students' concern with Social Justice, even with the initial lack of knowledge about the concept of “affirmative action”. In this way, it was possible to analyze the perception of law students at ISECENSA regarding the quota policy and also to promote awareness of the reasons and effects of the implementation of that policy. It is expected then, to contribute to the humanization of educational institutions by encouraging diversity in order to build a society that respects difference, seeking to achieve peace and equality
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Desatnik-Miechimsky, Ofelia. "TRAINING SYSTEMIC FAMILY THERAPISTS RELATED TO PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end021.
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"The purpose of this paper is to focus the need of a reflexive stand about systemic training in family therapy in a higher education program. This training is associated to diverse social interrelationships that combines theoretical and clinical objectives, as well as research activities and community issues. We have been working in training programs at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Iztacala Faculty, since 2001. The epistemological basis of this training are the systemic and cybernetic perspectives, and constructionist view about social construction of meanings in therapy and in educational processes. We emphasize observer implication, where the student/therapist in training is observer and observant in the therapeutic and educational process. The community context is where the therapy occurs which represents complex problems of reality. We focus at individual and community influences in problem construction and at the diverse ways the systems structure is organized. We attend the emotional, cognitive, situational, social aspects of the person of the therapist. The dialogical systemic approach lead us to consider the situation of the therapist, the supervisors and the consultants. We focus on the ethics, the relational responsibility, of the systems participants involved. We propose the search for contradictions, concordances or dilemmas, associated to family, social and gender diversity, oriented to look for alternative ways of connecting with consultants and therapists. We emphasize the positioning of persons as subjects who can act upon their realities, that can explore different ways of action upon society, at the actual historical context where we live, trying to search for individual and collective strengths and possibilities. We propose a reflexive stand when we focus our educational work, about what we do, in which theoretical and ethical perspectives we base our proposals, in order to anticipate and promote responsible professionals in connection with community needs. This reflective processes can take in account dimensions such as: plurality, complexity, diversity, systemic relationships, meaning construction, history, contexts, social resources, gender perspective, power and the implication of the person of the therapist. Power relationships between professors, clinical supervisors, students, consultants, institutional systems, could be externalized in order to approach ethical considerations in the clinical and educational processes."
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GEMMA, Sergejs, and Zane VĪTOLIŅA. "EUROPE 2020 TARGETS: THE PROGRESS OF THE BALTIC COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF RIS3." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.056.
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The Europe 2020 strategy was proposed by the European Commission with an aim to improve European Union (EU) competitiveness and promote economic growth. For the successful achievement of economic growth using the Smart Specialization Strategy (RIS3) in the EU, the European Commission has set out five interrelated headline targets to be achieved by 2020 in the areas of employment, research and development, climate change and energy, education and poverty and social exclusion. The targets are translated into national targets for each EU Member State; at the same time, they are common goals for all the EU Member States to be achieved through a mix of national and EU actions. The authors of the research used statistical data on the Europe 2020 targets to detect progress or regress in achieving these targets, the accuracy of target value detection and the implementation of RIS3 in the EU. The aim of the research is to evaluate RIS3 progress based on the Europe 2020 targets. The following tasks were set: 1) To calculate progress on each Europe 2020 target for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania using Eurostat statistical data; 2) To evaluate the calculated data and compare the data with those for the other Baltic States and the EU average; 3) To forecast RIS3 development for the year 2020 in the Baltic States. The research employed the monographic and descriptive methods as well as analysis, synthesis, the graphic method, the data grouping method and forecasting. All the three Baltic States have exceeded their target values on employment and education. Low indicators – just half of the target value – the Baltic States have on the share of the EU’s GDP invested in Research and Development. Other positions such as green energy, poverty and social exclusion mostly show a need for more active and effective action for achieving the Europe 2020 targets.
Reports on the topic "Social meaning and action synthesis"
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Bilovska, Natalia. HYPERTEXT: SYNTHESIS OF DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS MEDIA MESSAGE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11104.
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In the article we interpret discrete and continuous message as interrupted and constant, limited and continual text, which has specific features and a number of differences between traditional (one-dimensional) text and hypertext (multidimensional). The purpose of this study is to define the concept of “hypertext”, consideration of its characteristics and features of the structure, similarities and differences with the traditional text, including the message in the media and communication. To achieve the goal of the study, we used a number of methods typical of journalism. Empirical analysis enabled a generalized description of the subject of study, which allowed to know it as a phenomenon. With the help of generalization the characteristic and specific regularities and principles of hypertext were studied. The system method is used to identify the dependence of each element of hypertext on its place in the text system as a whole. The retrospective method helped to understand the preconditions for the emergence of hypertext, to trace the dynamics of its development. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) made it possible to formulate the conclusions of the study. Thanks to hypertext and the hypertext systems, the concept of virtual reality has gained tangible meaning. In hypertext space, virtuality organically complements reality. The state of virtuality, in this case, becomes the concept of hyperreality, and all this merges into a single whole in the space of computer text. Due to its volume and multidimensionality, hypertext can arouse scientific interest as an interdisciplinary discipline. In today’s world, the phenomenon of hypertext has been the subject of numerous discussions, conferences and research in the field of social communications, linguistics and psychology. Today, a significant number of organizations conduct large-scale research based on the concepts of hypertext associations and associative navigation.
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Tulloch, Olivia, Tamara Roldan de Jong, and Kevin Bardosh. Data Synthesis: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions in Africa: Social and Behavioural Science Data, March 2020-March 2021. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.030.
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Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are seen as a critical path to ending the pandemic. This synthesis brings together data related to public perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines collected between March 2020 and March 2021 in 22 countries in Africa. It provides an overview of the data (primarily from cross-sectional perception surveys), identifies knowledge and research gaps and presents some limitations of translating the available evidence to inform local operational decisions. The synthesis is intended for those designing and delivering vaccination programmes and COVID-19 risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). 5 large-scale surveys are included with over 12 million respondents in 22 central, eastern, western and southern African countries (note: one major study accounts for more than 10 million participants); data from 14 peer-reviewed questionnaire surveys in 8 countries with n=9,600 participants and 15 social media monitoring, qualitative and community feedback studies. Sample sizes are provided in the first reference for each study and in Table 13 at the end of this document. The data largely predates vaccination campaigns that generally started in the first quarter of 2021. Perceptions will change and further syntheses, that represent the whole continent including North Africa, are planned. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on COVID-19 vaccines. It was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica. It was written by Kevin Bardosh (University of Washington), Tamara Roldan de Jong and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), it was reviewed by colleagues from PERC, LSHTM, IRD, and UNICEF (see acknowledgments) and received coordination support from the RCCE Collective Service. It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Tulloch, Olivia, Tamara Roldan de Jong, and Kevin Bardosh. Data Synthesis: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Social and Behavioural Science Data, March 2020-April 2021. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2028.
Full textAbstract:
Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are seen as a critical path to ending the pandemic. This synthesis brings together data related to public perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines collected between March 2020 and March 2021 in 22 countries in Africa. It provides an overview of the data (primarily from cross-sectional perception surveys), identifies knowledge and research gaps and presents some limitations of translating the available evidence to inform local operational decisions. The synthesis is intended for those designing and delivering vaccination programmes and COVID-19 risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). 5 large-scale surveys are included with over 12 million respondents in 22 central, eastern, western and southern African countries (note: one major study accounts for more than 10 million participants); data from 14 peer-reviewed questionnaire surveys in 8 countries with n=9,600 participants and 15 social media monitoring, qualitative and community feedback studies. Sample sizes are provided in the first reference for each study and in Table 13 at the end of this document. The data largely predates vaccination campaigns that generally started in the first quarter of 2021. Perceptions will change and further syntheses, that represent the whole continent including North Africa, are planned. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on COVID-19 vaccines. It was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica. It was written by Kevin Bardosh (University of Washington), Tamara Roldan de Jong and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), it was reviewed by colleagues from PERC, LSHTM, IRD, and UNICEF (see acknowledgments) and received coordination support from the RCCE Collective Service. It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Bhagawati, Rishiraj, Dolf J. H. te Lintelo, John Msuya, and Tumaini Mikindo. Nutrition Accountability through Sub-National Scorecards in Tanzania – Policy Innovations and Field Realities. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.067.
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Over the past decade, the Government of Tanzania has paid increasing attention to accountability in its nutrition policies. This has coincided with the introduction of truly innovative efforts to advance and monitor government action towards and accountability for nutrition at subnational level. A multisectoral nutrition scorecard (MNS) has been rolled out across all districts in the country, with quarterly updates on district performance. Moreover, a Nutrition Compact instrument was introduced to incentivise senior civil servants within regional and district administrations to advance efforts to promote nutrition. This paper explores how the government has used these initiatives to give accountability a particular form and meaning, pertinent to context. The paper analyses a series of policy documents and complements analysis this with field-based interviews with local officials across five regions. We find that the MNS and Compact are designed predominantly for internal purposes of government. This renders ‘accountability tools’ largely in the service of a centralised state, advancing vertical accountability. Such a narrow framing and design inhibits the potential of these instruments for galvanising social accountability, whereby citizens can hold public service providers and subnational government actors to account directly.
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Yonally, Emilie, Nadia Butler, Santiago Ripoll, and Olivia Tulloch. Review of the Evidence Landscape on the Risk Communication and Community Engagement Interventions Among the Rohingya Refugees to Enhance Healthcare Seeking Behaviours in Cox's Bazar. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.032.
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This report is the first output in a body of work undertaken to identify operationally feasible suggestions to improve risk communication and community engagement efforts (RCCE) with displaced Rohingya people in Cox’s Bazar. Specifically, these should seek to improve healthcare seeking behaviour and acceptance of essential health services in the camps where the Rohingya reside. It was developed by the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) at the request of the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office in Bangladesh. As a first step in this process, this review paper synthesises and assesses the quality of evidence landscape available in Cox’s Bazar and how the Rohingya seek and access healthcare services in Cox’s Bazar and presents the findings from key informant interviews on the topic. Findings are structured in five discussion sections: (1) evidence quality; (2) major themes and variations in the evidence; (3) learnings drawn and recommendations commonly made; (4) persistent bottlenecks; and (5) areas for further research. This synthesis will inform a roundtable discussion with key actors working for the Rohingya refugees to identify next steps for RCCE and research efforts in Cox’s Bazar to improve health outcomes among the Rohingya.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world