Academic literature on the topic 'Social localisation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Social localisation"

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Högström, Ebba, Lina Berglund-Snodgrass, and Maria Fjellfeldt. "The Challenges of Social Infrastructure for Urban Planning." Urban Planning 7, no. 4 (December 22, 2022): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i4.6526.

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This editorial addresses social infrastructure in relation to urban planning and localisation, drawing together the themes in this thematic issue on “Localizing Social Infrastructures: Welfare, Equity, and Community.” Having contextualised social infrastructure, we present each of the 12 contributions by theme: (a) the social consequences of the localisation of social infrastructure for individuals, (b) the preconditions for localising social infrastructure in the urban landscape, and (c) the social consequences for the long-term social sustainability of the wider community. We conclude with the openings for future research, such as the need to continue researching localisation (for example, the ways localisations of social infrastructure support, maintain, or hinder inclusion and community-building, and which benefits would come out of using localisation as a strategic planning tool); second, funding (the funding of non-commercial social infrastructure and who would take on the responsibility); and third, situated knowledge (the knowledge needed by planners, architects, social service officials, decision makers, and the like to address and safeguard the importance of social infrastructure in urban development and regeneration processes).
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Norberg-Hodge, Helena, and Shu KITANO. "Localisation, a Strategy for Social and Ecological Renewal." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 30, no. 1 (2011): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.30.40.

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Pahl, Claus, and Luke Collins. "Software Service Adaptation Based on Interface Localisation." International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 5, no. 1 (January 2015): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2015010102.

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The aim of Web services is the provision of software services to a range of different users in different locations. Service localisation in this context can facilitate the internationalisation and localisation of services by allowing their adaption to different locales. The authors investigate three dimensions: (i) lingual localisation by providing service-level language translation techniques to adopt services to different languages, (ii) regulatory localisation by providing standards-based mappings to achieve regulatory compliance with regionally varying laws, standards and regulations, and (iii) social localisation by taking into account preferences and customs for individuals and the groups or communities in which they participate. The objective is to support and implement an explicit modelling of aspects that are relevant to localisation and runtime support consisting of tools and middleware services to automating the deployment based on models of locales, driven by the two localisation dimensions. The authors focus here on an ontology-based conceptual information model that integrates locale specification into service architectures in a coherent way.
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Olivier, Michelle M., Benjamin P. Wilson, and Johnathon L. Howard. "Determining Localisation Metrics." Social Indicators Research 131, no. 2 (February 12, 2016): 467–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1269-6.

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Avendal, Christel. "Social Work in Ghana." Journal of Comparative Social Work 6, no. 2 (October 3, 2011): 106–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v6i2.70.

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In contemporary Ghana, the traditional system and professional social work operate as two parallel systems within the field of social work. The aim of this study was to investigate if and how the teaching of contemporary professional social work in Ghana takes into account traditional actors and practices. The traditional system includes extended family members and traditional authorities such as chiefs or family heads. It formed the social institution that protected and cared for the vulnerable before (Western) social work was introduced as a formal profession in Ghana. A 10-week ethnographic field study was conducted at the Department of Social Work at the University of Ghana. The study employed a qualitative, social constructionist approach, interpreting the results within a theoretical framework of social world theory. The empirical material consisted of interviews with students and teachers, participant observation at lectures, and various documents. The main findings of the study were that professional social workers and traditional actors can be seen as members of two subworlds – the subworld of professional social workers and the subworld of traditional actors. Students and teachers discuss interventions from the perspective of social workers and traditional actors. Their ability to take different perspectives seems to be crucial for localisation – the process by which social work is made relevant to local culture and traditions. The interviewees’ accounts reveal how localisation is not only about culture, but also about social structures and practical considerations. The poor state of the social work profession in Ghana affects interventions in a profound way.
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Cao, Huhua, and Paul Villeneuve. "La localisation des garderies dans l’espace social de l’agglomération de Québec." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 42, no. 115 (April 12, 2005): 35–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/022710ar.

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Les services de garde à l'enfance jouent maintenant un rôle de premier plan dans le fonctionnement de nos sociétés. L'analyse de la localisation des garderies et de leur clientèle par rapport aux milieux sociaux de l'agglomération de Québec permet d'aborder la question des variations dans l'accessibilité aux services de garde. Les grands traits de l'espace socio-résidentiel de l'agglomération sont d'abord définis à l'aide d'une écologie factorielle. Les garderies et leur clientèle sont ensuite localisées dans cet espace. Plus de 100garderies offrent quelque 5000 places aux 25000enfants d'âge préscolaire de l'agglomération. En général, les garderies ont tendance à se localiser dans les zones centrales alors que les enfants d'âge préscolaire habitent très majoritairement les banlieues éloignées. Cette contradiction apparente fait l'objet d'une analyse plus poussée qui montre que le lieu de travail des parents influence grandement le rapport entre la répartition de l'offre de places en garderie et la répartition de la demande, ce qui pourrait avoir des conséquences intéressantes pour les quartiers urbains centraux. Enfin, des relations significatives sont établies entre la localisation des garderies et leur degré de mixité sociale.
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Eriksson, Rikard, Urban Lindgren, and Gunnar Malmberg. "Agglomeration Mobility: Effects of Localisation, Urbanisation, and Scale on Job Changes." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 40, no. 10 (October 2008): 2419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a39312.

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Following increased attention being paid to the importance of labour-market processes in relation to knowledge diffusion and learning, this study addresses the influence of agglomeration economies (localisation, urbanisation, and scale) on the propensity to change jobs between and within local labour markets. From the use of longitudinal individual data (1990–2002), controlling for factors such as age, sex, income, and social relations, the results show that the composition of regional economies influences labour-market dynamism. We identify two cases of intraregional agglomeration mobility, that is, positive effects on job mobility, due to the concentration of similar activities (localisation economies) and the size of the labour market (urbanisation economies). The results also show that localisation economies compensate for regional structural disadvantages connected to small population numbers, as localisation effects in small regions have a significantly positive effect on intraregional job-mobility rates, even compared with localisation effects in large and diversified metropolitan areas. The results indicate that the concentration of similar activities may be useful for small regions, if high levels of job mobility are crucial for the transfer of knowledge and the performance of firms.
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Ros, Montserrat, Joshua Boom, Gavin de Hosson, and Matthew D'Souza. "Indoor Localisation Using a Context-Aware Dynamic Position Tracking Model." International Journal of Navigation and Observation 2012 (February 13, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/293048.

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Indoor wireless localisation is a widely sought feature for use in logistics, health, and social networking applications. Low-powered localisation will become important for the next generation of pervasive media applications that operate on mobile platforms. We present an inexpensive and robust context-aware tracking system that can track the position of users in an indoor environment, using a wireless smart meter network. Our context-aware tracking system combines wireless trilateration with a dynamic position tracking model and a probability density map to estimate indoor positions. The localisation network consisted of power meter nodes placed at known positions in a building. The power meter nodes are tracked by mobile nodes which are carried by users to localise their position. We conducted an extensive trial of the context-aware tracking system and performed a comparison analysis with existing localisation techniques. The context-aware tracking system was able to localise a person's indoor position with an average error of 1.21 m.
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Elkahlout, Ghassan, and Kareem Elgibali. "From Theory to Practice: A Study of Remotely Managed Localised Humanitarian Action in Syria." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 15, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1542316620922503.

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With unique strengths, problems, and challenges, localisation is an increasingly important modality for humanitarian relief. Based on the primary research including interviews with practitioners who are expert and experienced in localisation and remote management in Syria, the article offers an important case study of remote management during conflict, with analysis of local staff adherence to humanitarian principles and standards, local access and acceptance in conflict zones, the dynamics between international and local organisations and staff, the transfer of decision making from international nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) to local NGOs, and the potential risks involved. It argues that localisation has inherent strengths due to the social advantages of local staff but lacks sufficient institutional support from the international humanitarian system and that there are ethical and legal problems with transferring risk and security considerations for local NGOs.
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Dougan, Timothy, and Kevin Curran. "Detection of Social Interaction Using Mobile Phones via Device Free Passive Localisation." International Journal of Handheld Computing Research 5, no. 4 (October 2014): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhcr.2014100102.

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Mobile devices which make use of 802.11 Wi-Fi are ubiquitous in modern society. At the same time, there is an unmet need in research and monitoring applications, and particularly in those relating to service and healthcare scenarios, to accurately detect the occurrence and hence frequency and duration of human interaction between subjects. Various sensor modalities exist that are able to perform localization of human subjects with useful degrees of accuracy, but in all cases they are either expensive, inflexible, or prone to influencing subject behaviour via the Hawthorne or observer effect. Given the ubiquity of mobile devices, it is the contention of this paper that a system which localizes human presence based on the human body's obstructive effects on RF transmissions through interpretation of perturbation of the Received Signal Strength values generated during transmission, may offer a system that is both inexpensive and flexible, while avoiding the need for direct subject participation, and thus reducing the impact of the Hawthorne effect.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social localisation"

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Cameron, Angus. "Globalisation, social exclusion and the discursive localisation of poverty." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300598.

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Rouzeau, Marc. "La gestion localisée de la question sociale : diversité des échelles, circulation des idées, contributions expertes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G007/document.

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La gestion de la question sociale s’est traduite, en France, par la constitution d’un « quasi –secteur » qui, à son apogée au milieu des années 1970, articule protection sociale, aide sociale et action sociale. A la suite, et afin de faire face aux « nouveaux problèmes sociaux », se propage un processus assez généralisé de socio-Territorialisation empruntant à quatre répertoires d’action assez distincts : l’aménagement réparateur, l’administration intégrative, la gestion modernisatrice et le développement endogène. L’expertise d’Etat se double alors d’une expertise davantage généraliste, construite à l’articulation des différentes échelles d’action publique. Depuis 2005, le nouveau répertoire qui se structure, celui de l’activation cohésive, s’accompagne d’une expertise plus prescriptive et fonctionne comme un marqueur du nouveau régime d’Etat social actif. Le détour par le Québec permet alors d’entrevoir le sens et les modalités des réordonnancements en cours et, tout à la fois, de repérer certaines des composantes spécifiques de notre dynamique nationale
The management of the social issue in France resulted in the establishment of a « quasi- sector » which, when it came in full force in the mid-1970's, combined the following aspects: welfare, help for the needy & social actions. Later, in order to tackle the « new social problems », a rather general process of social territorialization came into being, grounded in four rather separate fields of action: restorative adjustment, integrative administration, modernizing management and bottom-Up development. State expertise is then enriched by a more generalistic sort of expertise, at the crossroads of the different scales of the various public policies. Since 2005, the newly structured repertoire, known as cohesive activation, has been combined with a more prescriptive expertise and appears as one of the tokens of the new socially active State regime. In that light, the Quebec experience enables one to both perceive the meaning and the modes of the re-Adjustments at work and to pinpoint some of the basics of our national impetus
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Lopez, Marulanda Juliana. "Acoustic Communication and Social Behavior in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS016/document.

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Les grands dauphins sont des cétacés sociaux qui se servent principalement du canal acoustique pour communiquer sur de longues distances ou dans des habitats dont la visibilité est limitée. Il y a un manque général d’information concernant l’utilisation de cettecommunication acoustique au sein de son groupe social. Cependant, la production vocale des grands dauphins comprend des sifflements, des clics et des sons pulsés en rafale, avec certains sifflements appelés « signatures sifflées » qui pourraient être utilisés pour s’adresser les uns aux autres. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons développé un système facilement déployable qui identifie l'animal produisant le son et permet des observations comportementales sous-marines simultanées. Nous avons testé cette méthodologie avec des grands dauphins en liberté et en captivité. La présente thèse de doctorat vise à mieux comprendre la communication des grands dauphins au sein de leur groupe social. D'abord, j'ai développé deux études visant à décrire comment l'activité vocale des dauphins captifs varie en relation avec le comportement et l'interaction avec les humains. Deuxièmement, je présente la conception et la mise en oeuvre d'une méthodologie innovante (système BaBeL) qui permet la localisation du dauphin vocalisant dans un environnement tridimensionnel, et qui peut être utilisé en captivité et avec des dauphins en liberté. Enfin, je présente deux applications de cette méthodologie de localisation pour aborder des questions de recherche concernant le comportement exploratoire d'une jeune dauphin et l'utilisation de vocalisations pour des mouvements coordonnés chez les grands dauphins
Bottlenose dolphins are highly social cetaceans that strongly rely on acoustic communication and signaling. The diversity of sounds emitted by the species has been structurally classified in whistles, clicks and burst-pulsed sounds, with some whistles called « signature whistles » that are used as cohesion calls. During this thesis, we developed an easily deployable system that identifies the animal producing sound and allows simultaneous underwater behavioral observations. We tested this methodology with bottlenose dolphins infreedom and in captivity. The present doctoral thesis aims to better understand the communication of bottlenose dolphins within their social group. First, I developed two studies to describe how the signature and non-signature whistle rate of captive dolphins varies in relation to behavior and interaction with humans. Secondly, I present the design and implementation of an innovative methodology (BaBeL system) that allows the localization of vocalizing dolphins in a three-dimensional environment, and which can be used in captivity and with free-range dolphins. Finally, I present two applications of this location methodology to address research questions regarding the exploratory behavior of a young dolphin and the use of vocalizations for coordinated movements in bottlenose dolphins
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Vergunst, Petra. "Liveability and ecological land use : the challenge of localisation /." Uppsala : Dept. of Rural Development Studies, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a373.pdf.

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Huynh, The Dang. "Extension de PageRank et application aux réseaux sociaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066114/document.

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Le classement des objets est une des questions importantes et typiques dans notre vie quotidienne. De nombreuses applications ont besoin de classifier des objets en fonction de certains critères, parfois simple comme de classifier les étudiants dans une classe en fonction de relevé de notes ou plus compliqué comme le classement des universités. Classifier des objets consiste à les ordonner selon certains critères exigés par une application spécifique.Avec la popularisation de l’Internet, un problème typique qui a émergé des deux dernières décennies est le classement des résultats renvoyés par les moteurs de recherche. Dans les moteurs de recherche classiques (comme Google, Yahoo ou Bing ),l’importance d’une page web est la base pour le classement. Cette valeur est calculée sur la base de l’analyse des hyper-liens entre les pages Web. Avec un ensemble de documents V={v1, ..., vn}, quand il y a une requête q d’un utilisateur arrivant, le moteur de recherche cherche des documents dans V correspondant à la requête q, puis trie les documents dans l’ordre décroissant de leur pertinence pour la requête. Ce processus peut être réalisé grâce à une fonction de classement qui permet de cal culer la similarité sim(q, vi) entre la requête q et un document vi ∈ V. La fonction de classement peut être considérée comme le noyau qui détermine essentiellement la qualité du moteur de recherche
Ranking objects is one of the important and typical issues in our daily life. Many applications need to rank objects according to certain criteria, as simple as ranking students in a class according to average grades, or more complicated as ranking universities. Ranking objects means to arrange them in accordance with some criteria depending on the specific application.In the era of the Internet, a typical problem emerging in the last decades is the ranking of results returned by search engines. In conventional search engines (like Google, Yahoo or Bing ), the importance of a web page is the basis for ranking. This value is determined based on the analysis of graph links between web pages. With a set of documents V={v1, ..., vn}, when there is a user’s query q arriving, the search engine looks for documents in V matching the query q, then sorts the documents according to their relevance to the query in descending order. This process can be done thanks to a ranking function which allows us to compute the similarity s(q,vi) between the query q and a document vi ∈ V . Obviously, the ranking function can be seen as the core and significantly determines the quality of the search engine
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Billard, Catherine. "Dépenses publiques, localisation des capitaux et concurrence fiscale : une modélisation en économie géographique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174469.

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L'ambition de la thèse est d'envisager les effets de la concurrence fiscale à la fois en termes de taux de taxe et en termes de dépenses publiques sur la répartition spatiale des activités économiques.
La thèse explique l'existence d'un différentiel de taxe entre les pays européens par la prise en compte des phénomènes d'agglomération, absents de la littérature traditionnelle. Le modèle économique géographique permet d'étudier els effets des dépenses publiques sur la concurrence entre États à la fois en niveau et dans leur composition. Il envisage la concurrence fiscale entre les gouvernements dont la particularité est d'utiliser les dépenses publiques pour renforcer l'attractivité de leurs territoires. Le modèle permet de déterminer de façon analytique la part optimale des dépenses publiques devant être consacrées aux firmes pour maximiser la rente d'agglomération. Enfin des simulations numériques sont menées afin de remplacer les résultats obtenus dans une problématique européenne.
La modélisation montre une plus grande sensibilité des capitaux mobiles aux variations de la rente d'agglomération et donc aux dépenses publiques qu'à celles liées aux mouvements de taux de taxe. En allouant ses recettes fiscales au financement d'investissements publics et notamment d'infrastructures, les gouvernements favorisent l'agglomération des activités économiques et peuvent, par conséquent, conserver des taux de taxe différenciés.
La conclusion établit alors qu'il est possible de maintenir les activités industrielles dans une région qui présente à la fois un niveau d'imposition élevé et une politique de dépenses publiques adaptées aux facteurs mobiles de production.
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Mansouri, Yassine. "La localisation des activités productives : les tensions entre forces centrifuges et forces centripètes." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326119.

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Nous nous interrogeons, dans le cadre de la NEG, sur la validité empirique d'un certain nombre de grands facteurs explicatifs de la répartition spatiale des activités (le coût du travail local, les coûts de la concurrence, localisation de la demande finale, le coût de transport etc). Nos résultats, trouvés à l'aide de différentes simulations dans un contexte de processus d'intégration régionale au sein des PVD, suggèrent que les firmes semblent réaliser un arbitrage entre s'agglomérer pour bénéficier de rendements croissants dus à l'effet taille du marché et se disperser pour bénéficier des coûts du travail plus faibles. Nous modélisons, en particulier, l'avantage des régions côtières par rapport aux régions intérieures dans le commerce avec le reste du monde. Ce constat est particulièrement vrai dans le bassin méditerranéen qui est caractérisé par une littoralisation excessive de l'activité économique et démographique. Il apparaît qu'au-delà des politiques d'ouverture internationale mises en évidence par Krugman et Elizondo (1996), la dotation régionale en terme d'infrastructures de transport a un impact certain sur le degré et l'efficacité de la concentration spatiale au sein des PVD. Le second grand enseignement de cette étude est que la tendance au redéploiement des activités des grands pôles urbains vers les zones de moindre densité se confirme avec la considération des forces centrifuges. En effet, cette extension influence directement la fonction de production des firmes et conduit à une répartition plus égale de l'activité économique entre deux régions. De ce fait, les possibilités d'équilibres de long terme sont plus larges avec la prise en compte des coûts de congestion.
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Soussi, Riadh. "Localisation des industries et enjeux urbains dans l'agglomération du Grand Tunis." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958830.

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La localisation des industries a connu une forte évolution et un important développement dans l'agglomération du Grand Tunis, voire de fortes implications et rapports avec l'espace urbain de cette agglomération. En effet, les activités industrielles, en croissance depuis plus d'une trentaine d'année, ont fait apparaître de nouveaux besoins et de nouvelles nécessités d'organisation spatiale et d'aménagement de structures pour leur accueil. Or, les travaux de recherche et études consacrés aux relations et rapports entre la localisation des industries et les enjeux urbains de l'agglomération du Grand Tunis demeurent assez rares. C'est pour cette raison que nous avons choisi de concentrer notre effort de réflexion sur une analyse du binôme industrialisation-urbanisation, deux phénomènes concomitants marqués tantôt par des solidarités, tantôt par des ruptures. Plus précisément, notre travail entend contribuer à l'identification et la compréhension de la localisation des activités industrielles et à établir ses principales caractéristiques en rapport avec le développement de l'espace urbain de l'agglomération du Grand Tunis et l'évolution récente de l'industrie. Ce ne sont pas les activités industrielles en elles-mêmes, prises de façon abstraite, qui vont nous intéresser au premier chef, mais c'est avant tout leur matérialisation à travers les zones industrielles où elles semblent plus présentes. Il va s'agir pour nous de contribuer à une analyse plus spatiale de la question croisée de l'industrie et de l'urbain et plus particulièrement le lien entre la localisation industrielle et les enjeux du développement urbain.
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Maîtrier, Jean-Louis. "La localisation (le privé/le commun-le public) : recherches sur les fonctions sociales de l'ornement : comparaisons entre le XVIIIème et le XXème siècle en France." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0112.

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Etude de sociologie comparative historique entre les "cadres de l'experience" du xviiieme et du xxeme siecle, ou, a partir d'un examen detaille de divers systemes d'ornements (architecture, costume, politesse, danse, mobilier, etc. . ) il est montre que leur fonction est d'une part d'indiquer le statut des lieux relativement a une echelle public-prive, d'autre part d'indiquer la portee generale d'une situation de communication, et enfin de donner a des "groupes sociaux" une forme spatiale et materielle pour les constituer en communautes. L'expose forme trois parties: l'une de sociologie urbaine, qui observe des situations ornementales contemporaines, la seconde d'histoire de l'art et des mentalites, qui decrit dix formes de la "culture materielle" du xviiieme siecle, et la troisieme d'esthetique, qui tente de definir la "chose artistique" en cent cinquante propositions qui contredisent les presupposes du mouvement moderne pour provoquer son depassement. Le mouvement moderne a provoque une dematerialisation et donc une confusion de tout ce qui rendait visibles les rapports de force et de pouvoirs ainsi que la subversion de toute la sphere politique par tes valeurs de l'economique. Cette recherche qui est destinee a aider les praticiens des metiers de pro, duction et de mise en forme de l'espace, insiste particulierement sur les regles qui deter, minent pratiquement les distances, les proportions et les aspects qui caracterisent les rapports sociaux; elle formule plusieurs des lois sous-jacentes a la production de l'effet artistique et tente de servir a poser pour l'economie politique, une nouvelle "theorie de la valeurs"
A comparative historical sociological study between the xviii and the xx centuries, "frameworks of experience", where, starting from a detailed examination of diverse ornemental systems (architecture, costume, manners, dance, furniture, etc. . . ), it is shown that their function is firstly to indicate the statuts of a place on a public-private scale, secondly to indicate the general range of communication situation, and lastly to give to "social worlds" a spatial and material form in order to constitute communities. The these has tree parts: one of urban sociology which examines contemporary ornemental situations, the second of history of art and mentalities, which described ten forms of "material culture" of the xviii century, and the third of aesthetics which attemps to define the "res artistica" in an hundred and fivety proposals which contradics and proposes to go beyond the presuppositions of the modern movement. The modern movement provokes a dematerializion and therefore a confusion of everything which separates the political and private domains making visible the balance of force and power, and the subvertion of all political sphere by values of the economy. This resarch which is destined to help the praticians of productive trades and shaping of space, insists particulary upon the rules which in practice determine the distance, proportions and aspects which characterise social relations; it formulates sevral underlaying laws of the production of artistic effect and attemps to pose in political economy, the basis of a new theorie of value
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Breteau, Vincent. "Manifestations spatiales de la congestion et localisation des emplois et des ménages." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00690398.

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Cette thèse traite de la congestion des transports en milieu urbain, et des liens qu'elle entretient avec les localisations des emplois et des ménages. Elle est organisée en trois parties. La première est une analyse bibliographique sur les questions de croissance et de structure urbaine, suivie d'une analyse, de nature systémique, de la congestion des transports. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'analyse des manifestations spatiales de la congestion en Île-de-France, en s'appuyant notamment sur différentes méthode d'agrégation spatiale d'indicateurs de congestion. Enfin, dans la troisième partie, un modèle d'équilibre urbain décrivant la localisation des ménages par rapport à leur emploi, en présence de congestion, est développé, et utilisé pour analyser le rôle de la dispersion des emplois sur l'étalement urbain
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Books on the topic "Social localisation"

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1952-, Ditch John, ed. Comparative social assistance: Localisation and discretion. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate Pub., 1997.

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The social brain: Discovering the networks of the mind. New York: Basic Books, 1985.

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Industrie, culture, territoire. Paris: Harmattan, 2005.

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Cities and services: The geography of collective consumption. London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1985.

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Huby, Meg, John Ditch, Jochen Clasen, Jonathan Bradshaw, and Margaret Moodie. Comparative Social Assistance: Localisation and Discretion. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Huby, Meg, John Ditch, Jochen Clasen, Jonathan Bradshaw, and Margaret Moodie. Comparative Social Assistance: Localisation and Discretion. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Huby, Meg, John Ditch, Jochen Clasen, Jonathan Bradshaw, and Margaret Moodie. Comparative Social Assistance: Localisation and Discretion. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Comparative Social Assistance: Localisation and Discretion. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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(Editor), John Ditch, Jonathan Bradshaw (Editor), Jochen Clasen (Editor), Meg Huby (Editor), and Margaret Moodie (Editor), eds. Comparative Social Assistance: Localisation and Discretion (Studies in Cash and Care). Ashgate Publishing, 1998.

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Teachers Identities And Life Choices Issues Of Globalisation And Localisation. Springer Verlag, Singapore, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Social localisation"

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Tse, Tze Ho Elden, Daniele De Martini, and Letizia Marchegiani. "No Need to Scream: Robust Sound-Based Speaker Localisation in Challenging Scenarios." In Social Robotics, 176–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35888-4_17.

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Danevičius, Edvinas, Frederik Stief, Konrad Matynia, Morten Læburgh Larsen, and Martin Kraus. "3D Localisation of Sound Sources in Virtual Reality." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 307–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73426-8_18.

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Noppen, Ivo F. R., Desislava C. Dimitrova, and Torsten Braun. "Data Filtering and Aggregation in a Localisation WSN Testbed." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 210–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35576-9_19.

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Jan, Steven. "2 The Evolution of Human Musicality." In Music in Evolution and Evolution in Music, 63–164. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0301.02.

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Chapter 2: explores the evolution of the human capacity for music, looking at what is known of the physical, cognitive and social development of our species from our early hominin ancestors (starting with Australopithecus) and the role music may have played in this process (as cause and/or effect). In this sense, music is discussed as an adaptation (or potentially an exaptation), and its various survival-enhancing roles – in the enhancement of social cohesion, in sexual selection, and in infant nurture – are explored. Key to this chapter is its consideration of the relationship between music and language and the structural marking, in brain function and hemispheric localisation, of this relationship. This topic forms a six-section thread running through Chapters 2–7, and the basic position taken (after Steven Brown and Steven Mithen) is that mu-sic and language arose from a common ‘musilinguistic’ ancestor – this made up of increasingly discrete, replicated (memetic) sound particles – that bifurcated into spoken language and expressive music around 200,000 years ago. Structural correspondences between music and language, explored here in and in Chapter 3, are taken as evidence of this common ancestor.
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Stanier, Jessica, and Nicole Miglio. "Painful Experience and Constitution of the Intersubjective Self: A Critical-Phenomenological Analysis." In The International Library of Bioethics, 101–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65613-3_8.

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AbstractIn this paper, we discuss how phenomenology might cogently express the way painful experiences are layered with complex intersubjective meaning. In particular, we propose a critical conception of pain as an intricate multi-levelled phenomenon, deeply ingrained in the constitution of one’s sense of bodily self and emerging from a web of intercorporeal, social, cultural, and political relations. In the first section, we review and critique some conceptual accounts of pain. Then, we explore how pain is involved in complex ways with modalities of pleasure and displeasure, enacted personal meaning, and contexts of empathy or shame. We aim to show why a phenomenology of pain must acknowledge the richness and diversity of peculiar painful experiences. The second section then weaves these critical insights into Husserlian phenomenology of embodiment, sensation, and localisation. We introduce the distinction between Body-Object and Lived-Body to show how pain presents intersubjectively (e.g. from a patient to a clinician). Furthermore, we stress that, while pain seems to take a marginal position in Husserl’s whole corpus, its role is central in the transcendental constitution of the Lived-Body, interacting with the personal, interpersonal, and intersubjective levels of experiential constitution. Taking a critical-phenomenological perspective, we then concretely explore how some people may experience structural conditions which may make their experiences more or less painful.
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Durmuş, Elif. "How Human Rights Cross-Pollinate and Take Root: Local Governments and Refugees in Turkey." In Myth or Lived Reality, 123–57. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-447-1_6.

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AbstractThe human rights regime—as law, institutions and practice—has been facing criticism for decades regarding its effectiveness, particularly in terms of unsatisfactory overall implementation and the failure to protect the most vulnerable who do not enjoy the protection of their States: refugees. Turkey is the country hosting the largest refugee population, with around four million at the end of May 2020 (https://www.unhcr.org/tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2020/06/UNHCR-Turkey-Operational-Update-May-2020.pdf). As an administratively centralised country, Turkey’s migration policy is implemented by central government agencies, but this has not proved sufficient to guarantee the human rights of refugees on the ground. Meanwhile, in connection with urbanisation, decentralisation and globalisation, local governments around the world are receiving increasing attention from migration studies, political science, law, sociology and anthropology. In human rights scholarship, the localisation of human rights and the potential role of local governments have been presented as ways to counter the shortcomings in the effectiveness of the human rights regime and discourse. While local governments may have much untapped potential, a thorough analysis of the inequalities between local governments in terms of access to resources and opportunities is essential. The Turkish local governments which form the basis of this research, operate in a context of legal ambiguity concerning their competences and obligations in the area of migration. They also have to deal with large differences when it comes to resources and workload. In practice, therefore, there is extreme divergence amongst municipalities in the extent to which they engage with refugee policies. This chapter seeks to answer the question why and how certain local governments in Turkey come to proactively engage in policy-making that improves the realisation of refugees’ rights. Exploratory grounded field research among Turkish local governments reveals four main factors that enable and facilitate the engagement of local governments in refugee policies: (1) the capacity of and institutionalisation in local governments; (2) the dissemination of practices and norms surrounding good local migration and rights-based governance through networks; (3) the availability of cooperation and coordination with other actors in the field, and (4) political will. Collectively, these factors illustrate how a new norm—the norm that local governments can and ought to engage in policy-making improving the rights of refugees—is cross-pollinating and taking root among Turkish local governments. This understanding will provide valuable insights into how norms are developed, travel and are institutionalised within social and institutional networks, and how differences in access, capacity, political and cooperative opportunities may facilitate and obscure the path to policies improving human rights on the ground.
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Sabchev, Tihomir, Sara Miellet, and Elif Durmuş. "Human Rights Localisation and Individual Agency: From ‘Hobby of the Few’ to the Few Behind the Hobby." In Myth or Lived Reality, 183–211. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-447-1_8.

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AbstractHuman rights have been facing criticism on many fronts, including the challenges of the “enforcement gap” and the “citizenship gap”, laying bare the shortcomings with regard to the implementation of human rights law as well as regarding its protection of highly vulnerable groups such as refugees. Research on the effectiveness of human rights, the “localisation” of human rights through invocations and practices on the ground, the increased engagement of local authorities with human rights, are all responses to such challenges to some degree. Based on empirical research conducted within municipalities in four countries, this chapter focuses on a missing piece of the puzzle in terms of conceptual and empirical research: the role of “individual agency”. We adopt a socio-legal perspective on human rights and demonstrate that individual agency can make an important contribution to the effective implementation of human rights in the field of migration governance. Behind the black box of the state and local authorities, we find individuals who use human rights—as law, practice and discourse—in local policymaking, in circumstances where invoking human rights is not self-explanatory. Finally, we put forward the notion that reasons such as individual background, motivations, and interactions between individuals influence municipal officials’ engagement with human rights, and we reflect on the conceptual and practical implications that result from this.
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"Social economy, social exclusion, localisation." In Placing the Social Economy, 28–42. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203166123-5.

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"Social economy, social exclusion, localisation." In Routledge Studies in Contemporary Political Economy. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203166123.ch2.

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Powell, Martin. "Coalition health policy: a game of two halves or the final whistle for the NHS?" In Social Policy Review 28. Policy Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447331797.003.0002.

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This chapter contains an analysis of the development of the NHS under the Coalition Government. While some argue that under the Coalition Government the UK approaches the end of the NHS, the analysis shows that the reforms initiated by the Coalition Government have diverging directions and diverging ideological foundations. Whereas in the first part of the Coalition Government’s rule merely competition, privatization and marketization dominated the debate, the second part stills carries the heritages of the neo-liberal paradigm but also introduces other measures to improve the performance of the NHS and guarantee its financial sustainability: prevention, integration and localisation. But the question is if these initiatives are strong enough to guarantee a bright future for the NHS.
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Conference papers on the topic "Social localisation"

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Vitkauskaite, Elena, and Rimantas Gatautis. "Conceptual Framework For Localisation Of Social Networking Sites." In The 7th International Scientific Conference "Business and Management 2012". Vilnius, Lithuania: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Publishing House Technika, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2012.121.

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Stahl, Christoph, Benjamin Gateau, and Krizia Ferrini. "Experiments on the localisation of cooking recipes content using semantic food descriptions." In 2020 15th International Workshop on Semantic and Social Media Adaptation and Personalization (SMAP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smap49528.2020.9248466.

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Novaria, Rachmawati, Awin Mulyati, and Agung Pujianto. "Changes of Social Pattern in Dolly Area from Prostitution Localisation to Tourism Village with Copreneurship Approach." In Proceedings of the 1st Aceh Global Conference (AGC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/agc-18.2019.34.

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Murray, John, Stefan Wermter, and Harry Erwin. "Bioinspired Auditory Sound Localisation for Improving the Signal to Noise Ratio of Socially Interactive Robots." In 2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2006.281855.

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Vollmann, Ralf, and Soon Tek Wooi. "The Sociolinguistic Registers of ‘Malaysian English’." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.7-1.

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The interplay of four standard languages and a number of spoken languages makes Malaysia an interesting case of societal multilingualism. There is extensive convergence between the spoken varieties. ‘Malaysian English’ (ME) has developed its own structures which can be shown to copy structures of the mother tongues of the speakers at all levels of grammar, thereby being an example for localisation and the creation of a new dialect/sociolect. An analysis of the basilectal register of ME in ethnic Chinese speakers finds that converging patterns of ME and Malaysian (Chinese) languages, with situational lexical borrowing between the various languages. Sociolinguistically, ME plays the same role as any dialect, with covert prestige as an ingroup (identity) marker which is avoided in acrolectal (outgroup) communication. Spoken English in Malaysia can therefore be seen as a localised creoloid dialect of English, based on linguistic substrates. Sociolinguistically, ME is mainly an orate register for basilectal and mesolectal intra-group communication.
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Kesselman, B. "The contribution of community food gardens to food sovereignty in Johannesburg, South Africa: a look at localisation and democratisation." In Envisioning a Future without Food Waste and Food Poverty: Societal Challenges. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-820-9_40.

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Forciniti, Carmen, Laura Eboli, Gabriella Mazzulla, and Francisco Calvo. "Exploring the Factors that Impact on Transit Use through an Ordered Probit Model: the Case of Metro of Madrid." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3205.

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The configuration of urban areas is the result of a cyclic relationship between land use and transportation system: the changes in transportation system arrangements influence the localisation of residence and economic activities, as well as the changes in land use affect transportation system characteristics. In this context, by operating on land use, travel demand can be shift from the individual transportation modes to transit systems. In the literature, many conceptual models were proposed to describe the complex relationship between land use and travel behaviour. In addition to spatial variation, the study of travel demand shows the categorical variation of variables. This work aims to analyse the influence of the categorical variation of variables impacting on transit use. An ordered probit model is proposed for evaluating how transit use depends on variables related to socio-economic characteristics of population, territorial features, accessibility, and transportation system. The study case is Madrid metro network (Spain). The results show a strong influence of characteristics of population and land use variables on daily trips made using metro system and highlighted the aspects that mainly impact on the choice to travel by metro, providing useful suggestions for shifting people from individual transportation mode to transit systems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3205
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Maretto, Marco, Barbara Gherri, Greta Pitanti, and Francesco Scattino. "Urban Morphology and Sustainability: towards a shared design methodology." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5695.

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The information revolution is radically transforming the very foundation of the ‘fossil city’. A ‘virtual’ macro-urbanism will intersect with an ‘actual’ micro-urbanism, physical and concrete, determining the form of the new urban environment. Within the binomial of macro- and micro- urbanism, urban morphology identifies an interesting socio-building scale that can serve as the basic strategy for sustainable city planning in the twenty-first century. Morphology thus becomes the necessary ‘plug-in’ for registering the different ‘networks’ that characterize the contemporary city – from IT and ‘smart’ devices to energy and environmental systems - translating these networks into building practices, into ‘fabrics’, for the physical city. At this purpose an Urban Design methodology has been developed in order to combine the Urban Morphology tools with those of Sustainability giving particular attention to the topics of the comfort outdoor and the passive environmental control systems. The methodology has then been applied in the Sant Adrià De Besos Waterfront Regeneration Project in Barcelona. Neighbourhood’s size, complexity and localisation, between the sea and a large area of brown fields at the northern gateway of the Catalan capital, has set up an interesting testing bench. A sequence of consecutive steps characterizes the methodology in which morphology, architecture and sustainability intersect one another within a single design process. References Gherri B. (2015) Assessment of Daylight Performance in Buildings: Methods and Design Strategies, (WIT Press, Boston). Gherri, B. (2016) ‘Environmental Analysis Towards Low Carbon Urban Retrofitting For Public Spaces’, Proceedings of HERITAGE 2016 – 5th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development,Vol. 1, p. 499-508. Marat-Mendes, T. (2013) ‘Sustainability and the study of urban form’, Urban Morphology 17, 123-4. Maretto, M. (2014) ‘Sustainable Urbanism: the role of urban morphology’, Urban Morphology 18(2), 163-74. Maretto, M. (2013) Ecocities. Il progetto urbano tra morfologia e sostenibilità (Franco Angeli, Roma).
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Aminmansour, Sina, Frederic Maire, and Christian Wullems. "Video Analytics for the Detection of Near-Miss Incidents on Approach to Railway Level Crossings." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3811.

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Recent modelling of socio-economic costs by the Australian railway industry in 2010 has estimated the cost of level crossing accidents to exceed AU$116 million annually. To better understand causal factors that contribute to these accidents, the Cooperative Research Centre for Rail Innovation is running a project entitled Baseline Level Crossing Video. The project aims to improve the recording of level crossing safety data by developing an intelligent system capable of detecting near-miss incidents and capturing quantitative data around these incidents. To detect near-miss events at railway level crossings a video analytics module is being developed to analyse video footage obtained from forward-facing cameras installed on trains. This paper presents a vision base approach for the detection of these near-miss events. The video analytics module is comprised of object detectors and a rail detection algorithm, allowing the distance between a detected object and the rail to be determined. An existing publicly available Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) based object detector algorithm is used to detect various types of vehicles in each video frame. As vehicles are usually seen from a sideway view from the cabin’s perspective, the results of the vehicle detector are verified using an algorithm that can detect the wheels of each detected vehicle. Rail detection is facilitated using a projective transformation of the video, such that the forward-facing view becomes a bird’s eye view. Line Segment Detector is employed as the feature extractor and a sliding window approach is developed to track a pair of rails. Localisation of the vehicles is done by projecting the results of the vehicle and rail detectors on the ground plane allowing the distance between the vehicle and rail to be calculated. The resultant vehicle positions and distance are logged to a database for further analysis. We present preliminary results regarding the performance of a prototype video analytics module on a data set of videos containing more than 30 different railway level crossings. The video data is captured from a journey of a train that has passed through these level crossings.
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Reports on the topic "Social localisation"

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Hakeem, Luqman, and Riaz Hussain. Key Considerations: Localisation of Polio Vaccination Efforts in the Newly Merged Districts (Tribal Areas) of Pakistan. SSHAP, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.035.

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Poliomyelitis (polio) remains a vital global public health challenge, particularly in countries where eradication efforts are ongoing. For almost three decades, polio programme and frontline workers in Pakistan have suffered human and financial losses due to complex political and bureaucratic management, local resistance to programme efforts, and the context of cross-border insurgency and insecurity.1 Many stakeholders in Pakistan continue to have low confidence in frontline workers and polio vaccination campaigns. In this environment, it is essential that vaccination programmes localise – by taking careful account of the local context, improving local ownership of the programmes, understanding and mitigating the issues at a grassroots level, and tailoring efforts to achieve polio eradication goals. This brief draws on evidence from academic and grey literature, data on polio vaccine uptake, consultations with partners working on polio eradication in Pakistan, and the authors’ own programme implementation experience in the country. The brief reviews the social, cultural, and contextual considerations relevant to increasing polio vaccine uptake amongst vulnerable groups in Pakistan’s tribal areas. It focuses on the current country context, in the aftermath of the 2018 merger of the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (KPK). This brief is part of a series authored by participants from the SSHAP Fellowship, and was written by Luqman Hakeem and Riaz Hussain from Cohort 2. Contributions were provided by response partners in Pakistan including health communication and delivery staff and local administrative authorities. This brief was reviewed by Muhammad Sufyan (University of Swabi) and Ilyas Sharif (Quaid-e-Azam College of Commerce, University of Peshawar). The brief was supported by Megan Schmidt-Sane and Santiago Ripoll at the Institute of Development Studies and is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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