Journal articles: 'Social landscape'

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Egerer, Monika, and Elsa Anderson. "Social-Ecological Connectivity to Understand Ecosystem Service Provision across Networks in Urban Landscapes." Land 9, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120530.

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Landscape connectivity is a critical component of dynamic processes that link the structure and function of networks at the landscape scale. In the Anthropocene, connectivity across a landscape-scale network is influenced not only by biophysical land use features, but also by characteristics and patterns of the social landscape. This is particularly apparent in urban landscapes, which are highly dynamic in land use and often in social composition. Thus, landscape connectivity, especially in cities, must be thought of in a social-ecological framework. This is relevant when considering ecosystem services—the benefits that people derive from ecological processes and properties. As relevant actors move through a connected landscape-scale network, particular services may “flow” better across space and time. For this special issue on dynamic landscape connectivity, we discuss the concept of social-ecological networks using urban landscapes as a focal system to highlight the importance of social-ecological connectivity to understand dynamic urban landscapes, particularly in regards to the provision of urban ecosystem services.

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van Zanten, Boris T., Derek B. Van Berkel, Ross K. Meentemeyer, Jordan W. Smith, Koen F. Tieskens, and Peter H. Verburg. "Continental-scale quantification of landscape values using social media data." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 46 (October 31, 2016): 12974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614158113.

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Individuals, communities, and societies ascribe a diverse array of values to landscapes. These values are shaped by the aesthetic, cultural, and recreational benefits and services provided by those landscapes. However, across the globe, processes such as urbanization, agricultural intensification, and abandonment are threatening landscape integrity, altering the personally meaningful connections people have toward specific places. Existing methods used to study landscape values, such as social surveys, are poorly suited to capture dynamic landscape-scale processes across large geographic extents. Social media data, by comparison, can be used to indirectly measure and identify valuable features of landscapes at a regional, continental, and perhaps even worldwide scale. We evaluate the usefulness of different social media platforms—Panoramio, Flickr, and Instagram—and quantify landscape values at a continental scale. We find Panoramio, Flickr, and Instagram data can be used to quantify landscape values, with features of Instagram being especially suitable due to its relatively large population of users and its functional ability of allowing users to attach personally meaningful comments and hashtags to their uploaded images. Although Panoramio, Flickr, and Instagram have different user profiles, our analysis revealed similar patterns of landscape values across Europe across the three platforms. We also found variables describing accessibility, population density, income, mountainous terrain, or proximity to water explained a significant portion of observed variation across data from the different platforms. Social media data can be used to extend our understanding of how and where individuals ascribe value to landscapes across diverse social, political, and ecological boundaries.

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Otok, Stanisław. "Nature of Social Landscape." Miscellanea Geographica 3, no. 1 (March 1, 1988): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-1988-030129.

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Callau, Aitor Àvila, María Yolanda Pérez Albert, Joan Jurado Rota, and David Serrano Giné. "Landscape characterization using photographs from crowdsourced platforms: content analysis of social media photographs." Open Geosciences 11, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 558–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2019-0046.

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Abstract Landscape characterisation using social media photographs from popular platforms has been proposed as a landscape and ecosystem services approach. However, popular crowdsourced websites provide uncharacterized data and are only representative of the general public. Photographs from crowdsourced sports platforms, whose users are more homogeneous, could help to characterise landscape more uniformly. In this study we use automated content analysis from photographs on Wikiloc, a crowd-sourced sports platform, to characterize landscape in the Ebro Delta Natural Park, a protected area in Spain. Our approach applies big data procedures and spatial analysis to provide in-depth information regarding what draws visitors’ attention to a landscape and to ascertain their intrasite flow. Our results show that sports users are keen on natural landscapes and pay less attention to rural and degraded landscapes, and that areas closer to paths are more photographed than more distant areas.

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Palang, Hannes, Helen Alumäe, Anu Printsmann, Merlin Rehema, Kalev Sepp, and Helen Sooväli-Sepping. "Social landscape: Ten years of planning ‘valuable landscapes’ in Estonia." Land Use Policy 28, no. 1 (January 2011): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.04.004.

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Bidegain, Íñigo, César A. López-Santiago, José A. González, Rodrigo Martínez-Sastre, Federica Ravera, and Claudia Cerda. "Social Valuation of Mediterranean Cultural Landscapes: Exploring Landscape Preferences and Ecosystem Services Perceptions through a Visual Approach." Land 9, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9100390.

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Mediterranean cultural landscapes have been recognized as multifunctional landscapes that are currently threatened by two opposing trends: rural abandonment and agricultural intensification. Uncovering people’s perceptions of different landscape configurations, and how inhabitants value the contributions of nature to human wellbeing, is essential to understanding current landscape trends. In this study, we analyze the social perception of the cultural landscapes of Sierra Morena (Andalusia, Spain) based on 389 face-to-face visual questionnaires in an attempt to understand individuals’ landscape preferences, the reasons behind those preferences and how those landscapes are perceived as suppliers of ecosystem services by different groups of stakeholders. Four groups of stakeholders were identified that differed in how they perceive and value the cultural landscape. An urban-related group was characterized by their preferences for pine plantations and “green” landscapes, guided mostly by aesthetic criteria. A livestock-related group showed a clear preference for wood–pasture landscapes (dehesas) due to their ability to supply multiple ecosystem services. An environmentally aware group showed preferences for dehesas and Mediterranean forests, mainly guided by ecological criteria. Finally, an olive-related group showed a clear preference for olive grove landscapes as key for the regional economy and their cultural identity. Overall, the local inhabitants of Sierra Morena perceived a higher supply of ecosystem services in moderately disturbed landscapes, such as dehesas and mosaic landscapes, than in highly disturbed ones, such as conventional olive groves and pine plantations, or in less used landscapes, such as the Mediterranean forest. Understanding the differences in valuation/demand for ecosystem services among groups of stakeholders, characterized by their landscape preferences, provides important information with which to identify potential trade-offs and conflicts, thereby providing insights into the improvement of landscape planning and decision making.

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Joshi, Girish Chandra, Mayuri Paul, Bhrigu Kumar Kalita, Vikram Ranga, Jiwan Singh Rawat, and Pinkesh Singh Rawat. "Mapping the social landscape through social media." Journal of Information Science 46, no. 6 (August 13, 2019): 776–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551519865487.

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Being a habitat of the global village, every place has established connections through the strength and power of social media, piercing through the political boundaries. Social media is a digital platform, where people across the world can interact. This has a number of advantages of being universal, anonymous, easy accessibility, indirect interaction, gathering and sharing information when compared with direct interaction. The easy access to social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook, Twitter and blogs has brought about unprecedented opportunities for citizens to voice their opinions loaded with emotions/sentiments. Furthermore, social media can influence human thoughts. A recent incident of public importance had presented an opportunity to map the sentiments, involved around it. Sentiments were extracted from tweets for a week. These sentiments were classified as positive, negative and neutral and were mapped in geographic information system (GIS) environment. It was found that the number of tweets diminished by 91% over a week from 25 August 2017 to 31 August 2017. Maximum tweets emerged from places near the origin of the case (Haryana, Delhi and Punjab). The trend of sentiments was found to be – neutral (47.4%), negative (30%) and positive (22.6%). Interestingly, tweets were also coming from unexpected places such as United States, United Kingdom and West Asia. The result can also be used to assess the spatial distribution of digital penetration in India. The highest concentration was found to be around metropolitan cities, that is, Mumbai, Delhi and lowest in North East India and Jammu & Kashmir indicating the penetration of SNSs.

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Kühne, Olaf, Corinna Jenal, and Dennis Edler. "Functions of Landscape in Games—A Theoretical Approach with Case Examples." Arts 9, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9040123.

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The significance of play in the construction of landscape involving the feedback relationships between social conventions and the individual and between the individual and physical space, contrastingly, has so far received only little scientific attention. Games, however, take on great significance in the process of socialization in order to introduce the socializing person into the interpretations, valuations, and practices of the social world, which applies correspondingly to landscape. Play is an essential element of comprehending the concept “landscape”. Accordingly, this present essay deals with conceptual considerations of the function of games in relation to the social and individual construction of landscape. The theoretical framing of landscape will be carried out within the theory of the three landscapes, following Karl Popper’s three worlds. This theoretical framing also involves fundamental considerations on the connection between games and landscapes, which will be illustrated in more detail by means of two case examples, i.e., model railroads and pinball landscapes. It is shown that the playful engagement with landscape takes place in two dimensions: On the one hand, role expectations, norms, and values associated with landscape are conveyed, thus providing guidance for individual construction and individual experience of landscape. On the other hand, landscape contingencies can be tested. They address norms of interpretation and evaluation of landscape that are considered as bound together. Moreover, innovations can be tested, which may have been established in the social understanding of landscape.

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Lombard, Andrea. "Using participatory GIS to examine social perception towards proposed wind energy landscapes." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 26, no. 2 (April 13, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2015/v26i2a2195.

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Thirteen onshore wind farm projects, totalling approximately 700 wind turbines, are proposed for the West Coast Region (WCR) of the Western Cape Province in South Africa. Wind energy exploitation possesses the ability to transform what can be classified as natural landscapes into landscapes of power, making the type of landscape on which wind turbines are deployed a prominent factor in its social acceptance or rejection. This paper examines the landscape aesthetics and land use interference of proposed wind farms in the WCR of South Africa through determining if social acceptance or rejection of proposed wind farms is dependent on the residents and visitors scenic and land use valuation of the natural landscape. The results indicate that the visual intrusion of wind turbines is the impact that respondents are least concerned with contrasting with the findings of international literature and further reasons for this anomaly are interrogated against the background of South Africa’s dire electricity needs. The paper concludes that visual impact assessments alone are not sufficient for evaluating landscapes and this paper recommends that participatory geographic information systems (PGIS) be used in addition to existing wind energy landscape assessments.

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Yuill, Chris, Natascha Mueller-Hirth, Nguyen Song Tung, Nguyen Thi Kim Dung, Pham Thi Tram, and Leslie Mabon. "Landscape and well-being: A conceptual framework and an example." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 23, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459318804603.

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This article explores why landscape is a crucial element in researching the relationship between environment and well-being. The main point we make is that human social agents are embedded in particular landscapes, and it is in landscapes that environmental changes are experienced, which can have implications for well-being. We draw from a variety of perspectives on landscape that understands a fundamental creative relation between humans and landscape and recent developments in neo-materialism theorising. Landscape is understood here as an assemblage of different forms of matter, animate and inanimate objects, as well as symbolic and cultural processes. A case study is also presented to indicate how landscape can be studied in relation to environment and change. Using the conceptual ideas laid out in the first section of the article, we analyse landscape, environment and well-being in Xuan Thuy National Park in North Vietnam. The area is part of a precarious coastal region where extreme weather events have impacted on the well-being of both humans and other matter. This article concludes with suggestions on the use of this landscape approach in researching environment and well-being.

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Rees, Ronald, and Denis E. Cosgrove. "Social Formation and Symbolic Landscape." Geographical Review 76, no. 1 (January 1986): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/214798.

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Dillehay, Tom D. "Social Landscape and Ritual Pause." Journal of Social Archaeology 4, no. 2 (June 2004): 239–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605304042396.

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Jewitt, Carey, and Teal Triggs. "Screens and the social landscape." Visual Communication 5, no. 2 (June 2006): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357206065305.

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Glover, Troy D., William P. Stewart, and Katerie Gladdys. "Social Ethics of Landscape Change." Qualitative Inquiry 14, no. 3 (April 2008): 384–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800407309409.

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Neck, Heidi, Candida Brush, and Elaine Allen. "The landscape of social entrepreneurship." Business Horizons 52, no. 1 (January 2009): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2008.09.002.

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Walker, John H. "Social Implications from Agricultural Taskscapes in the Southwestern Amazon." Latin American Antiquity 22, no. 3 (September 2011): 275–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.22.3.275.

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AbstractAcross the Americas, but particularly in the Amazon Basin, precolumbian farmers invested their labor in features such as canals, causeways, and raised fields, creating agricultural landscapes. These landscapes required organized action in order to build and maintain them. Such actions can be usefully described as "tasks" to draw specific connections between communal work and landscape features (Ingold 1993). Using two parallel examples from the precolumbian Bolivian Amazon, this article presents landscape features as correlates of the variety and scale of tasks that compose the processes of creating and managing them. Data come from remote sensing and pedestrian survey. The execution of some tasks affects the execution of others, meaning that landscapes are the result of overlapping, interdependent communal tasks. This taskscape perspective allows landscapes to be compared with greater precision and shows that details of local spatial and task organization are important to understanding agricultural change. The comparison of two taskscapes reveals details of daily life and intensive agriculture that are obscured by the classification of societies as states or chiefdoms.

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Riechers, Maraja, Ágnes Balázsi, Lydia Betz, Tolera S. Jiren, and Joern Fischer. "The erosion of relational values resulting from landscape simplification." Landscape Ecology 35, no. 11 (April 20, 2020): 2601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01012-w.

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Abstract Context The global trend of landscape simplification for industrial agriculture is known to cause losses in biodiversity and ecosystem service diversity. Despite these problems being widely known, status quo trajectories driven by global economic growth and changing diets continue to lead to further landscape simplification. Objectives In this perspective article, we argue that landscape simplification has negative consequences for a range of relational values, affecting the social-ecological relationships between people and nature, as well as the social relationships among people. A focus on relational values has been proposed to overcome the divide between intrinsic and instrumental values that people gain from nature. Results We use a landscape sustainability science framing to examine the interconnections between ecological and social changes taking place in rural landscapes. We propose that increasingly rapid and extreme landscape simplification erodes human-nature connectedness, social relations, and the sense of agency of inhabitants—potentially to the point of severe erosion of relational values in extreme cases. We illustrate these hypothesized changes through four case studies from across the globe. Leaving the links between ecological, social-ecological and social dimensions of landscape change unattended could exacerbate disconnection from nature. Conclusion A relational values perspective can shed new light on managing and restoring landscapes. Landscape sustainability science is ideally placed as an integrative space that can connect relevant insights from landscape ecology and work on relational values. We see local agency as a likely key ingredient to landscape sustainability that should be actively fostered in conservation and restoration projects.

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Beauchamp, Miriam H. "Neuropsychology’s social landscape: Common ground with social neuroscience." Neuropsychology 31, no. 8 (November 2017): 981–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/neu0000395.

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Mareček, J. "Folk landscape architecture as a significant value of Czech landscape." Horticultural Science 34, No. 1 (January 7, 2008): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1846-hortsci.

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In the past the image of Czech countryside was created by agricultural and social activities of the rural population in a significant manner. These activities related to natural elements and to the creation of landscape in a wider sense can be described as folk landscape architecture. Its object is mainly the spatial arrangement and assortment composition of vegetation and its functionality in villages and in their landscape environment. This study defines these activities as time limited regional (local) customary practices of agricultural and cultural and social character, reflected especially in the spatial arrangement and assortment composition of vegetation elements. Vegetation and other natural elements are evaluated as functional singularities and as functional systems in relation to particular structures, type of village pattern and state of the surrounding landscape. Besides the methodical categorisation of evaluated objects principles for their use in different forms of land-use planning are defined. A significant result of this study is the definition of landscape architecture as a phenomenon of the rural population lifestyle in which not only the past but also the future of rural landscape is reflected.

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PICKERING, MICHAEL. "The physical landscape as a social landscape: a Garawa example." Archaeology in Oceania 29, no. 3 (October 1994): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arco.1994.29.3.149.

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FIELD, DONALD R., PAUL R. VOSS, TRACY K. KUCZENSKI, ROGER B. HAMMER, and VOLKER C. RADELOFF. "Reaffirming Social Landscape Analysis in Landscape Ecology: A Conceptual Framework." Society & Natural Resources 16, no. 4 (April 2003): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920390178900.

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Wartmann, Flurina M., C. B. Stride, F. Kienast, and M. Hunziker. "Relating landscape ecological metrics with public survey data on perceived landscape quality and place attachment." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 8 (July 6, 2021): 2367–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01290-y.

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Abstract Context It is essential for policy-making and planning that we understand landscapes not only in terms of landscape ecological patterns, but also in terms of their contribution to people's quality of life. Objectives In this study our objective is to test relationships between landscape ecology and social science indicators, by investigating how landscape patterns are linked to people’s perception of landscape quality. Methods To assess public views on landscapes we conducted a survey among 858 respondents in Switzerland. We combined this survey data on perceived landscape quality and place attachment with landscape metrics (e.g. diversity, naturalness of land cover, urban sprawl, fragmentation) in a statistical model to test hypotheses about the relationships between the different variables of interest. Results Our results illustrate the contribution of both landscape composition metrics and social science indicators to understanding variation in people’s perception and assessment of landscape. For example, we found the landscape ecology metrics on urban sprawl and fragmentation to be a negative predictor of overall satisfaction with landscape, and that perceived landscape quality positively predicted place attachment and satisfaction with the municipality landscape. Conclusions This study highlights the importance and feasibility of combining landscape ecology metrics and public survey data on how people perceive, value and relate to landscape in an integrated manner. Our approach has the potential for implementation across a variety of settings and can contribute to holistic and integrated landscape assessments that combine ecological and socio-cultural aspects.

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Trufanov, Dmitry O. "The resistance of the social landscape: “barbarism” and “civilization” in the social space." Siberian Socium 4, no. 1 (2020): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2587-8484-2020-4-1-8-22.

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This article discusses the concept of “social landscape” and studies the structure of the social landscape and its elements’ functions. The author analyzes the relationship between the concepts of “geographical landscape”, “socio-cultural landscape”, and “social landscape”. The defining feature of the social landscape is the value-normative structure that regulates the social relations of actors who act in the social space of a particular location. Changing this structure leads to the movement of the social landscape and its transition from one state to another. In the social landscape, the author identifies such structural elements as the center and the periphery, where the center is associated with the value-normative institutions of the state, and the periphery is expressed in the form of multiple alternative value-normative structures and identities that are formed in local communities. From the position of state-centered discourse, the center of the social landscape is associated with civilization and civilizational development, while the periphery is associated with barbarism in its modern interpretation. Barbarism in social space is a set of practices of social behavior caused by alternative value-normative structures that go beyond state institutions. Areas of barbarism in the social landscape are associated with an increased level of deviation, weakened social control, and weak penetration of state norms and values. Such areas carry risks of destruction of value-normative structures of the center of the social landscape. The resistance of the social landscape is a barrier of communication that prevents the penetration of value-normative structures of the center in the peripheral areas. Barriers are associated with the existence of alternative state value-normative structures and identities. The areas of barbarism and civilization in the social landscape are in a relationship of complementarity and perform a number of necessary functions in relation to each other. Such functions are the formation and maintenance of socio-cultural identity, strengthening and development of forms of social control, and the function of social exchange.

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Oliveira, Hugo, and Gil Penha-Lopes. "Permaculture in Portugal: Social-Ecological Inventory of a Re-Ruralizing Grassroots Movement." European Countryside 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 30–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2020-0002.

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AbstractSouthern European countries face a panorama of rural landscape abandonment, ageing rural population and lack of opportunities for vibrant rural lifestyles. This lead the way for over-exploitative monocultural practices and widespread abandonment of traditional land management practices, intensifying the degradation of rural landscapes, suffering already from the impacts of climate change and global economic pressures. Although policy driven initiatives can scale solutions to have wider impact, if not attuned to local contexts they can also increase the problems felt at the local level. Highlighting local grassroots innovations and locally appropriate solutions can support such attunement. Community-led grassroots initiatives have been sprouting, wishing to regenerate their landscapes grounded on ecocentric ethical approaches to Neo-rural lifestyles. Within Portugal, Permaculture, as a landscape ecological design movement and practice, has been one of those approaches, activated by young citizens wishing to recreate and innovate alternatives for the sustainable management of land, associated with lifestyle choices and local entrepreneurship. With this article, using a socio-ecological inventory as a baseline exploratory study, we are aiming to identify and start characterizing, the Permaculture landscape ecological design movement in Portugal, the motivations and perceptions of such movement, and its contribution towards the transformation of landscape management, societal trends and ecocentric innovations, to create more sustainable socio-ecological rural livelihoods within a Portuguese context.

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Zuckerman, I., and M. Hadad. "The social landscape: reasoning on the social behavior spectrum." IEEE Intelligent Systems 27, no. 2 (March 2012): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mis.2012.9.

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Solymosi, Katalin. "Landscape Perception in Marginalized Regions of Europe: The Outsiders' View." Nature and Culture 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 64–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2011.060104.

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Using the concept that landscapes are ideas formed by viewers about their physical surroundings, this article examines visitors' landscape perceptions of two peripheral regions of Europe: Gyimes in the Romanian Eastern Carpathians, and Las Hurdes in the Northern Extremadura of Spain. Both are characterized by exceptional, historically-evolved cultural landscapes and a population that culturally or ethnically differs from the national mainstream surrounding them. Based on literature review, expert consultations, and a questionnaire survey conducted in the research areas, I conclude that due to historical developments, socio-economic settings, and ethnic differences, the outsiders' view of these landscapes can be strongly distorted. In the tourist, misinformation and wishful thinking create a “mental map” that does not represent reality. I also note that along with having a possible impact on inhabitants' landscape perception and their strong regional identity, the outsiders' view might influence policy decisions and therefore the general development of a region.

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Miccoli, Saverio, Fabrizio Finucci, and Rocco Murro. "Social Evaluation Approaches in Landscape Projects." Sustainability 6, no. 11 (November 10, 2014): 7906–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su6117906.

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Wagner, Udo. "SOCIAL NETWORK SERVICES: LANDSCAPE OF AUSTRIA." Global Fashion Management Conference 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.15444/gfmc2015.07.01.07.

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Pardal, Mafalda. "The Belgian Cannabis Social Club landscape." Drugs and Alcohol Today 18, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-09-2017-0051.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to map the presence of the Cannabis Social Club (CSC) model in Belgium since its emergence in the country and to analyze the inter-organizational relations among CSCs and between the CSCs and other supportive actors engaged in the wider cannabis movement. Design/methodology/approach This analysis draws on qualitative interviews (n=42) with directors of seven currently active and one former Belgian CSC(s), as well as with organizations or individuals reportedly collaborating with the Belgian CSCs. That data are complemented by fieldwork observations and a review of CSC internal documents. Findings Despite an uninterrupted presence in the country over the last decade, CSC presence in Belgium remains rather volatile and vulnerable to external control pressure. The CSC landscape is a somewhat segmented field as cooperation among CSCs remains limited. At the same time, the support base for the movement is diverse, encompassing different types of secondary organizations ranging from national and international advocacy groups, to cannabis industry entrepreneurs and other consultants. Originality/value This paper contributes to the yet limited body of knowledge on CSCs, by providing a first comprehensive overview of the presence of CSCs in one of the key settings associated with the model, by shedding light into the interplay between CSCs, and between other organizations supportive of the cannabis movement.

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Remer, Sven. "The social banking landscape in Europe." Global Social Policy: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy and Social Development 14, no. 2 (July 17, 2014): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018114539864a.

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Srivastava, Agrima, and G. Geethakumari. "Privacy landscape in online social networks." International Journal of Trust Management in Computing and Communications 3, no. 1 (2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtmcc.2015.072461.

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Sobala, Michał, and Urszula Myga-Piątek. "The Optimization of Rural Landscape in the Light of the Idea of Sustainable Development – The Example of Poland." Quaestiones Geographicae 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2016-0027.

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Abstract Contemporary rural landscapes in Poland are being changed intensively and adversely. These changes lead to landscape disharmony, spatial disorder, the blurring of individual and specific features and disruption to the ecological equilibrium. This article aims to present general rules for the optimization of rural landscapes. It discusses the causes and consequences of unfavourable changes within Poland’s rural landscapes which constitute a threat to their sustainable development. The authors attempt to identify the major factors to be considered in taking steps aimed at landscape optimization. Landscape equilibrium may be assessed through the sustainable development dimensions: ethical, ecological, social, economic, technical, political and legal. Landscape optimization consists in maintaining the balance within these dimensions.

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MacBride-Stewart, Sara. "Atmospheres, landscapes and nature: Off-road runners’ experiences of well-being." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 23, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459318785675.

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This article reflects on the relations between health and natural landscapes. The study explores how the landscape context – its textual and sensory aesthetics – positively shapes experiences and perceptions of the landscape, for those people who seek out natural environments for health. While health promotion is designated along the lines of encouraging choice or improving access to natural environments, this article wants to show how physical activities are intertwined with atmospheres and affects emanating from the natural and human world. An in-depth case-study of trail running across two sites (New Zealand, United Kingdom) is used to analyse the interconnections between health landscapes. It finds that when participants say that landscape ‘matters’ for health, they are referring to: (1) aesthetics and feelings, (2) flexibility and adaptiveness and (3) exploration and adventure. Avoiding the conclusion that the landscape is merely a resource for health, the analysis confirms that it is the complex of spaces, social practices, along with their physical fleshy selves, minds and emotions, and the particular quality of the earth beneath them, that gives rise to positively perceived health, for both immediate and enduring benefit.

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Pearson, Diane M. "Landscape ecology: its role as a trans-disciplinary science for rangeland sustainability." Rangeland Journal 35, no. 4 (2013): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj12067.

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The aim is to review landscape ecology and the contribution it can make to sustainable rangeland management, using Australia as an example. An examination is made of how much traditional ecology, as a discipline, influences landscape ecology in Australia. Also evaluated is whether, under this influence, landscape ecology is emerging as effectively as it could be as a trans-disciplinary science that can contribute significantly to rangeland sustainability. Surveys of landscape ecologists in Australia make it possible to classify Australian landscape ecology as being ‘unidirectional interdisciplinary’ in approach, with ecology being the coordinating discipline. The important contribution that research under this classification provides in terms of understanding structure, process, and change in rangelands is recognised and acknowledged. However, the question is raised as to whether following an ecological construct is constraining the application of landscape ecology more widely to address the complex environmental problems facing Australia’s (and the world’s) rangelands that also require consideration of the social and geographical aspects of landscapes. Recent shifts in the landscape ecological paradigm towards a science for sustainability that links science and practice, with particular focus on landscape design, social and cultural aspects of landscapes, and the value associated with landscape services, make landscape ecology increasingly more useful as a ‘goal-oriented’ approach for addressing rangeland sustainability. This paper suggests that those involved in rangeland management need to consider landscape ecology within its wider context. In doing so, it is argued that they should explore the possibilities it has to offer in dealing with development and management of rangelands, including interrelationships between people and landscapes, and to ensure ecosystem goods and services valued by people are preserved.

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Šedivá, Alica, and Zita Izakovičová. "Assessment of Representative Landscape Types of Skalica District." Ekológia (Bratislava) 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2015-0030.

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Abstract Assessment of landscape quality is not possible without a good local landscape-ecological, social, economic and also political knowledge. When similar scientific researches and proposals for strategic development documents for municipalities and regions are needed, they have to come out mainly from scientific knowledge about unique and rare representative types of landscape. Implementation of a research module of the presented study entitled ‘Assessment of representative landscapes of Skalica district’ represents a complex example of a proposal on the methodical procedure of landscape-ecological analysis of Skalica district. Therefore, the core of this work lies in the detailed determination of the environmental quality of landscapes in Skalica district, which allowed us to evaluate the degree of environmental load and protection of each selected representative landscape type in the model area. This scientific knowledge is in continuation of the project complemented with opinions and attitudes of residents and key stakeholders about environmental, economic, cultural and social problems. The obtained knowledge can help towards optimal use of resources and potentials in the area and thus contribute to improving the overall quality of life in the monitored area.

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Kizos, Thanasis, Tobias Plieninger, Theodoros Iosifides, María García-Martín, Geneviève Girod, Krista Karro, Hannes Palang, et al. "Responding to Landscape Change: Stakeholder Participation and Social Capital in Five European Landscapes." Land 7, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7010014.

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Borges, Bruno, João Carlos Ferreira Melo Júnior, Sandra Paschoal Leite de Camargo Guedes, and Mariluci Neis Carelli. "Landscape ecology and social representations as tools for ecological restoration of restinga landscapes." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 11, no. 1 (2018): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v10.6.p181-191.

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Petrova, Svetla, and Dora Marinova. "Social impacts of mining: Changes within the local social landscape." Rural Society 22, no. 2 (February 2013): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/rsj.2013.22.2.153.

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Wyborn, Carina. "Landscape Scale Ecological Connectivity: Australian Survey and Rehearsals." Pacific Conservation Biology 17, no. 2 (2011): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc110121.

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Landscape scale ecological restoration and connectivity initiatives are gaining momentum in Australia and globally to protect and restore native vegetation and biodiversity. While these initiatives originated in response to habitat fragmentation and land use intensification they are increasingly framed within the discourses of climate change adaptation and ecological resilience. With a focus on initiatives over large landscape scales, this article directs attention to the social and institutional implications of this emerging, and poorly understood phenomenon. These initiatives represent a paradigm shift in conservation management in two ways: firstly, connectivity represents a move from a focus on “sites and species” to landscapes and processes; secondly, connectivity signifies a reconstruction of the role of government and non government organizations in conservation. While these initiatives show promise for integrated conservation management across multiple tenures, they face challenges of collaboration and communication across vast, diverse landscapes, communities and agendas. This article overviews emerging landscape scale initiatives in Australia and introduces a conceptual framework for thinking about social and institutional connectivity. While there is much debate concerning the science of connectivity, there is a distinct gap in our understanding of the requisite conditions for implementation. There is, however, existing research and practice on the social dimensions of natural resource management and conservation that could inform the implementation of connectivity initiatives.

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Virtanen, Pirjo Kristiina, Eleonora A. Lundell, and Marja-Liisa Honkasalo. "Introduction: Enquiries Into Contemporary Ritual Landscapes." Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics 11, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jef-2017-0002.

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Abstract ‘Landscape’ and ‘ritual’ have been largely discussed in the social and human sciences, although their inter-relatedness has gained little scholarly attention. Drawing on earlier studies of ritual and landscape, as well as the authors′ own ethnographic works, ‘ritual landscape’ is suggested here as a useful analytical tool with which to understand how landscapes are produced, and how they, in their turn, produce certain types of being. ‘Ritual landscape’ recognises different modalities of agency, power-relation, knowledge, emotion, and movement. The article shows how the subjectivity of other-than-human beings such as ancestors, earth formations, land, animals, plants and, in general, materiality of ritual contexts, shape landscapes. We argue that ways of perceiving landscape includes a number of material and immaterial aspects indicated by ways of moving through landscapes and interacting with different human and non-human subjects that come to inhabit the world, creating relations and producing agentive ensembles and complexes.

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Opdam, Paul. "Information about landscape services affects social network interactions in collaborative landscape adaptation." Socio-Ecological Practice Research 1, no. 2 (June 2019): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42532-019-00020-8.

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Zhang, Hang, Hai Chen, Tianwei Geng, Di Liu, and Qinqin Shi. "Evolutionary Characteristics and Trade-Offs’ Development of Social–Ecological Production Landscapes in the Loess Plateau Region from a Resilience Point of View: A Case Study in Mizhi County, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041308.

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Social-ecological production landscape resilience (SELPR) is a significant representation of the continuous supply capacity of landscape services. It is a quantitative assessment of the spatial-temporal evolution of SELPR under internal and external disturbances that provides a scientific basis for regional ecological environments and socio–economic development. Taking Mizhi County for the study of the Loess Plateau region, a three-dimensional (social system, ecosystem, and production system) SELPR evaluation framework was constructed. Data integration was performed using the watershed as the evaluation unit. This study quantitatively evaluated the spatial–temporal differentiation of the social–ecological production landscape (SELPs) subsystem’s resilience and the total SELPR in the study area and classified the areas from the three-system resilience combination level to achieve regional development trade-offs. The results were as follows: (1) In 2009–2018, the change in the social–ecological production landscapes pattern in Mizhi County showed a significant reduction in agricultural production landscapes, relatively stable social living landscapes, and an increase in ecological landscapes; (2) in 2009–2018, the SELPR increased by 12.38%. The spatial distribution of resilience was significantly different, showing a distribution pattern of high central and low surrounding areas; (3) the county’s watershed development zones were divided into five partitions: synergistic promotion areas, ecological restoration areas, social development areas, production optimization areas, and comprehensive remediation areas. The five types of zones have a certain agglomeration effect. In addition, the main obstacle factors affecting the SELPR of each zone are quite different. The key issues and development directions of different types of watersheds are also proposed in this paper.

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Xu, Qing. "Applying the Historic Urban Landscape Approach to the Conservation of Historic Cities in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.639.

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This paper explores the comprehensive perspective of Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) through the evolution of cultural landscape theories as well as World Heritage cultural landscapes. It analyzes the adaptation of HUL in Chinese cultural, political and social context. In particularly, it proposes a thematic framework for the application of HUL in historic cities in China. The framework consists of three main themes and several sub-themes embracing dimensions such as perception of landscape, land-use, ways of life, spiritual or social-economic associations with landscape, and tools which can be used for identification of value. The research attempts to highlights the contribution that the HUL approach could make to the existing planning and management system for the conservation of historic cities in China.

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Ashmore, Wendy. "MESOAMERICAN LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGIES." Ancient Mesoamerica 20, no. 2 (2009): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536109990058.

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AbstractLandscapes figure centrally in conceptions and writings about ancient Mesoamerica. This selective review considers four interrelated kinds of landscapes investigated archaeologically in Mesoamerica: ecology and land use, social history, ritual expression, and cosmologic meaning. The literature on each topic is large, and from its inception, Ancient Mesoamerica has contributed significantly. Discussion here focuses on how we got to where we are in Mesoamerican landscape archaeology, important current developments, and directions for the decades ahead.

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Cohen, Matt. "Making the View from Lookout Mountain: Sectionalism and National Visual Culture." Prospects 25 (October 2000): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300000661.

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Recent scholarship in the history of American art has uncovered the deep social, political, and economic context within which specific inividuals invented highly charged (and frequently contested) visions of the American landscape. Drawing attention away from the naturalizing tendency of criticism that emphasizes landscape painting as a reflection of national and transcendental ideals, this kind of analysis has brought new richness to the study of landscapes, weaving political and social history into the criticism of American art. Charting paintings as they function within the constellations of patronage, intellectual history, and reception, these new histories help us understand the cultural work of landscape in the 19th-century United States.

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Myerson, S. "Broken Landscape." AIDS Care 15, no. 2 (April 2003): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120310001601133.

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Redford, Kent H. "Misreading the conservation landscape." Oryx 45, no. 3 (July 2011): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311000019.

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AbstractThe social sciences are often seen as being in opposition to conservation and the practice of conservationists. Yet social scientists have made important contributions to conservation and could make even more contributions if they are willing to use their perceptive, insightful tools as a means of both improving the practice of conservation and sharpening social science’s critique of conservation ideas and practices. I provide two lists: first, a list of the ways in which I think social science work has already improved conservation practice and, second, a set of generalizations made by some social scientists about the practice of conservation that are incorrect or incomplete. I argue that a more careful application of social science tools and approaches could begin an active and informed exploration of the diversity of values, histories, institutions, politics and approaches in conservation. This would facilitate the sharpening of social science’s critique of conservation ideas and practices and, through these, improve the practice of conservation.

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Riitters, Kurt, Karen Schleeweis, and Jennifer Costanza. "Forest Area Change in the Shifting Landscape Mosaic of the Continental United States from 2001 to 2016." Land 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110417.

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The landscape context (i.e., anthropogenic setting) of forest change partly determines the social-ecological outcomes of the change. Furthermore, forest change occurs within, is constrained by, and contributes to a dynamic landscape context. We illustrate how information about local landscape context can be incorporated into regional assessments of forest area change. We examined the status and change of forest area in the continental United States from 2001 to 2016, quantifying landscape context by using a landscape mosaic classification that describes the dominance and interface (i.e., juxtaposition) of developed and agriculture land in relation to forest and other land. The mosaic class changed for five percent of total land area and three percent of total forest area. The least stable classes were those comprising the developed interface. Forest loss rates were highest in developed-dominated landscapes, but the forest area in those landscapes increased by 18 percent as the expansion of developed landscapes assimilated more forest area than was lost from earlier developed landscapes. Conversely, forest loss rates were lowest in agriculture-dominated landscapes where there was a net loss of five percent of forest area, even as the area of those landscapes also increased. Exposure of all land to nearby forest removal, fire, and stress was highest in natural-dominated landscapes, while exposure to nearby increases in developed and agriculture land was highest in developed- and agriculture-dominated landscapes. We discuss applications of our approach for mapping, monitoring, and modeling landscape and land use change.

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Cockburn, Jessica, Eureta Rosenberg, Athina Copteros, Susanna Francina (Ancia) Cornelius, Notiswa Libala, Liz Metcalfe, and Benjamin van der Waal. "A Relational Approach to Landscape Stewardship: Towards a New Perspective for Multi-Actor Collaboration." Land 9, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9070224.

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Landscape stewardship is increasingly understood within the framing of complex social-ecological systems. To consider the implications of this, we focus on one of the key characteristics of complex social-ecological systems: they are relationally constituted, meaning that system characteristics emerge out of dynamic relations between system components. We focus on multi-actor collaboration as a key form of relationality in landscapes, seeking a more textured understanding of the social relations between landscape actors. We draw on a set of ‘gardening tools’ to analyse the boundary-crossing work of multi-actor collaboration. These tools comprise three key concepts: relational expertise, common knowledge, and relational agency. We apply the tools to two cases of landscape stewardship in South Africa: the Langkloof Region and the Tsitsa River catchment. These landscapes are characterised by economically, socio-culturally, and politically diverse groups of actors. Our analysis reveals that history and context strongly influence relational processes, that boundary-crossing work is indeed difficult, and that doing boundary-crossing work in smaller pockets within a landscape is helpful. The tools also helped to identify three key social-relational practices which lend a new perspective on boundary-crossing work: 1. belonging while differing, 2. growing together by interacting regularly and building common knowledge, and 3. learning and adapting together with humility and empathy.

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Łach, Janusz, and Igor Bojko. "Polaniarstwo jako istotny wyróżnik w badaniach nad typologią krajobrazów pasterskich Karpat Zachodnich." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.4519.

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The article is an attempt to use the method of landmark and determinants in research on the typology of pastoral and agricultural landscapes in the area of the Beskids range the Western Carpathians. The paper analyzes the structure and form of economic activities in the mid-forest clearing, allowing to define mountain landscapes. The Beskids landscape due to the varied morphology, terrain cover and the Vlachs cultural element is considered to be particularly valuable in terms of landscape. The definition of the natural and cultural aspects of the Beskids landscapes made it possible to separate, in the type of rural landscapes – the pastoral subtype, the pastoral and agricultural landscape called as the agro-shepherd.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Social landscape'

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