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Journal articles on the topic 'Social issues in town planning'
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1
Savoja, Luca. "Reti sociali e turismo urbano. Modelli di fruizione turistica nelle piccole cittŕ." SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE, no. 86 (April 2009): 111–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sur2008-086006.
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- Socials Networks and Urban Tourism. Touristics Patterns in a small Town, Tourism in a "non touristic" small town take a peculiar place. In one sense the tourism, or even better his success, influence many dimensions of the locals socials networks; in a second sense the tourism in smalls towns are partially different comparing other patterns of urban tourism. In the specific the analysis is focused on two issues. The first issue is the role of the "folk" in a small town as part of the urban touristic product; the second issue is the multidimensional role of the local community into the touristics patterns. Starting from this analysis, the second part of the article show the results of a survey carried out in a small town (Aosta, Northern Italy). The aim of this survey is to evaluate the place of tourism in that urban context. Key words: urban tourism, social network, touristics patterns.
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Voskresenskaya, Elena, Lybov Vorona-Slivinskaya, Yury Kazakov, and Anton Zernov. "Administrative permitting activities in town planning." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015704008.
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The article is focused on current issues concerning administrative permitting activities, which are the part of administrative activity as a whole. The field of town planning involves the interests of both business entities and people living in a particular territory. Economic development demands the effective regulation in order to attract investment in the construction sector, while people’s interest calls for fulfilling the principle of sustainable development of a territory. Thus, the administrative statutory regulation must on the one hand imply diminishing administrative burdens in order to provide the transparency and promptness of passing regulative procedures, and on the other hand be sufficient for ensuring the safety and appropriateness of development of a territory. Construction is one of vital and the most complicated sectors of the economy that is primarily aimed at providing people with residential property. To erect a residential building one needs high-quality communication lines, transport and social infrastructure. Construction of industrial parks, maintenance of existing industrial areas and transport infrastructure facilities and creation of new ones, providing people living in dilapidated dwellings with new residential space, housing resource renewal – these are the first key tasks for the authorities today. The circumstances mentioned above entail the demand for efficient administrative control over town planning sector. In this regard, the scientific comprehension of the term “administrative permitting activities” can raise the level of understanding all management processes running on the economy system, as well as the issues of exercising the powers conferred to executive public bodies acting in the related field.
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CHURCHILL, DAVID. "Living in a leisure town: residential reactions to the growth of popular tourism in Southend, 1870–1890." Urban History 41, no. 1 (January 3, 2013): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926812000740.
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ABSTRACT:While historical interest in the seaside has grown appreciably in recent times, much of the literature remains preoccupied with issues specific to resort towns. This article examines the social dynamics of the seaside town more broadly, through a study of Southend residents in the 1870s and 1880s. It analyses their discussions of working-class tourists and the industries which catered for them, before examining attempts to regulate the use of public space in the town. This is a study of rapid urbanization in a small town, and how social perceptions and relations were reconfigured in this context.
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Zhao, Zhi Qing, and Qing Lian Wang. "Shaping the Vitality of the National List Historic Culture Town Based on the Theory of Urban Catalysts." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1637.
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This paper, based on the theory and methods of urban design, analyzes the effects of stimulating and driving the space vitality from economic, social and cultural aspects. It is trying to find out main problematic issues of the protection planning of Chinese Eastern Railway Culture Town and to explore the methods of shaping vitality of historic culture town. In addition, it also produces an empirical research taking the town of Hengdaohezi as the case study.
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Izadi, Maliheh, Hamidreza Varesi, and Mehdi Jafari Vardanjani. "An analysis of key factors affecting New Town Planning with a human-centred approach." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 53, no. 53 (September 1, 2021): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2021-0027.
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Abstract Since new towns are to meet the needs of the metropolitan population, it is required to acquaint the populations with the new scientific-technical methods and take one more step towards civilisation. Given that the New Town seeks to provide the latest facilities for citizens, a human-oriented approach can be proposed. New Urbanism with a humanistic approach requires coherent and dynamic planning. New structures and the various needs of the New Towns require comprehensive and integrated planning to utilise recent facilities to lead New Towns toward a human-centred attitude. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyse the key factors affecting the planning of New Towns with a humanistic approach. The method in this research is a descriptive-analytical survey. In the first step of the research, a list of primary factors involved in planning new cities was identified as research variables, using documentary sources and previous research. Then the research variables were analysed based on the Delphi method. Accordingly, 34 variables were provided in five domains for 50 experts in urban planning issues in the form of questionnaires to be analysed in matrices. The findings of the study are demonstrated in five aspects: cultural-social, physical-spatial, economic, environmental, and governance topics, with 34 components. The results show that citizenship rights, social capital, transparency, accountability, law, participation, consensus, quality of performance and managerial effectiveness, efficiency, economic welfare, sustainable active economy, meeting economic needs, quality of texture, and spirituality have the highest impact and the lowest affectedness on the realisation of human-centred New Urbanism. The results can be useful and effective by establishing integrity and fundamental theoretical principles in planning, implementation and strategic control of New Towns.
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Viatkin, К., О. Kamieniev, A. Pankeieva, E. Shyshkin, R. Viatkin, and N. Moroz. "THE ALGORITHMS OF CONSTRUCTION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF SUBUBRANIZATION DEVELOPMENT." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (April 3, 2020): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-211-215.
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The article is devoted to the pressing issue of information support of territorial development processes. In the modern world, processes of information support of operational processes are of great relevance. Information and analytical support is the basis for making effective management decisions. In systems of urban development, urban and territorial development, the information component aims at ensuring the realization of three factors of development: economy, ecology and social development. In the conditions of sustainable development of society all three directions are balanced. However, due to certain imbalances in the system, humanity is searching for new forms of providing a comfortable life, work and leisure. Suburbanization has become one of these forms. Suburbanization is a trend of modern development of cities and territories in developed countries, which have high rates of socio-economic security. Suburbanisation is the process of centering the flow of people from large centers of economic gravity to the suburban area, which has the best environmental performance, which is possible in the case of ensuring the social component of human life. The relevance of suburbanization processes has necessitated the need for research on information and analytical support for these processes. In particular, the basic elements of the model of the structure of the urban planning system were identified and the dual connections of information support of decision-making for the development of urban planning systems were analyzed. On the basis of this analysis the task of information support of town-planning systems was determined. Based on the analysis of problems of special theory of urban planning information systems, it is proposed to develop an algorithm for information and analytical support of urban planning systems in the context of suburbanization processes. It has been determined that the automation of information support processes for urban planning systems management in today's digital society is the basis for the formation of effective urban development activities. In a three-prong urban development model that integrates issues of economy, ecology and social protection, suburbanization issues play a crucial role. The processing, analysis and evaluation of information on the development of town-planning systems make it possible to determine the leading trends and tendencies of development, as well as to predict the design of processes of town-planning activity. Keywords: urban planning, management of urban planning systems, suburbanization, information systems
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Klusáková, Ludá. "Between reality and stereotype: town views of the Balkans." Urban History 28, no. 3 (December 2001): 358–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926801000323.
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A content analysis of the Leiden Sketchbook (1577–85) addresses two major issues. First, how a stereotype of an Ottoman town was created by sixteenth-century travellers and second, how the social organization of space and integration of formerly Christian towns into the Ottoman system during the period of its greatest expansion was perceived. The comparison of visual sources with travelogues and historiography confirms the historicity and trustworthiness of the drawings. The drawings are revealing when interpreted in the context of the approach of historical anthropology: they illustrate the travelogues and testify to the sensual experience of their author.
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Kesavaperumal, Thirumaran, Kiruthiga Kandasamy, and Renganathan Ramasubramanian. "The attitudes of residents on the conservation of built-heritage of a historic temple town – Kanchipuram, India." Open House International 45, no. 3 (August 3, 2020): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-06-2020-0062.
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Purpose The degradation of a town’s traditional architectural settings is a prominent issue in the historic towns that possess a rich heritage and legacies of architectural character in its urban fabric that have developed over the course of its evolution. Resident participation in built-heritage conservation can be explained in terms of deliberate acts. Thus, this study aims to analyse the attitudes of residents on the conservation of built heritage (ARCBH) in the historic town of Kanchipuram. Design/methodology/approach The historic temple town of Kanchipuram has been surveyed and focused in this study. A questionnaire was designed to investigate the ARCBH in Kanchipuram. Data were collected and analysed with the help of structural equation modelling and AMOS software. A structural equation model was developed, and hypotheses were framed for an empirical study. Findings The findings indicate that the ARCBH has an effective relationship with practical issues that occur in traditional architecture, built-heritage attachment and an awareness of existing heritage schemes. Social implications The study results indicate that considering resident attitude and attachment is important. In addition, the results provide useful insights for formulating practical measures relevant to built-heritage conservation. Originality/value There has been no attempt to come up with practical implications from the attitudes of residents on the conservation of built-heritage in the historic temple towns of Tamil Nadu, India.
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KARAKOVA, Tatiana V. "ANALYSIS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND TOWN PLANNING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE REGULATION OF MIGRATION PRESSURE IN MEGALOPOLISES." Urban construction and architecture 9, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2019.02.4.
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Examples of a number of European countries are being considered in solving the problems of locating migration flows in the functional planning structure of megacities and their zones of influence. Experience in using architectural and town planning technologies for the integration of migrants into the urban environment is reviewed. Filling urban planning with new content affects the pace of social and economic development of the megalopolis and megalopolis, the elimination of regional developmental imbalances, the improvement of living standards and the quality of the urban environment, the improvement of the social climate and demographic situation. At the same time on the agenda are issues of development of medium and small cities located in the zones of influence of the largest megacities. The author reveals the approaches to the formation of a multilevel urbanization model of migration based on the development of European experience, taking into account the realities of Russian megalopolises.
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Shakeri, Moozhan, Richard Kingston, and Nuno Pinto. "Towards a Community Support System; Social Media Culture, Games and Planning tools." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 9, no. 2 (August 3, 2021): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v9i2.14679.
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Social media is revolutionizing social dynamics and the way people take decisions. For town planners it is important not to see social media just as a supporting tool in data gathering and qualitative analysis but to explore the emergent culture of social media and its effect on the planning processes and decision support tools. This study shows how games and gamification can be used in this new culture to stimulate issue formation and participation among communities.
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Diaz-Sarachaga, Jose Manuel. "Linking Sustainable Urban Development With Town Planning Through Proximity Trade." European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n4p121.
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Losses from commercial activities reflect the decline and deterioration of the downtown, the urban fabric and the social structure of the cities. The dependence on motorized vehicles has grown significantly among consumers who must move to meet their daily needs. Such a process marginalizes vulnerable populations by promoting urban lifestyles less sustainable. Proximity trade is therefore becoming increasingly important for those groups because it encourages dynamism among distinct urban areas and reduces the use of vehicles. This urban model addresses a relevant issue as universal accessibility that allows residents to enjoy an available city and move freely without encountering obstacles. The major role played by trade in the creation of wealth and urban fabric demands the integration of commercial areas provisions into urban policy guidelines. In this context, the study aims at developing a set of indicators that link proximity trade with the promotion of sustainable urban development and the model of compact city to be included in Spanish urban planning guidelines. Sixteen indicators were thus formulated around five areas of action: urban morphology, urban complexity, sustainable mobility, urban metabolism and social cohesion.
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Mandrysz, Witold. "Participation of inhabitants in revitalization programmes. From diagnosis to implementation – the case of Town Wojkowice." Praca Socjalna 33, no. 6 (December 31, 2018): 180–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1748.
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By introducing the assumptions of social participation into the practice of implementing revitalization projects, we assume that through dialogue, even if sometimes difficult, a compromise and agreement can be reached, which may result in cooperation in the implementation of a given project. The aim of this text is to present a practical application of the idea of dialogue and social participation, the theoretical context of which was de-scribed in the first part of the text in the process of developing and implementing the Local Revitalization Pro-gram of the City of Wojkowice which was reported in the second part of it. Civil dialogue can be understood as a more or less institutionalized form of conducting broad social consultations in the aspect of planning, solving and making decisions on socially important issues in a given group or community. Anna Olech and Tomasz Kaźmierczak (2011), proposed four models of public participa-tion. The basis for their separation and differentiation is the level and scope of their influence on the decision-making process of various social partners. The presented considerations refer to the experience and observations collected during the project titled Wojkowickie Social Revitalisation Laboratory implemented as part of the project entitled Silesian revitalization programs – support for municipalities, financed under the Operational Program Technical Assistance 2014–2020. The Social Work Unit of the Institute of Sociology, US team was involved in the work on the development of the Local Regeneration Program, especially in relation to the social issues of this document. Referring to the models of participation carried out in the revitalization activities referred by Krzysztof Skalski, it can be stated that the activities undertaken in the process of developing the Local Revitalization Pro-gram in the City of Wojkowice are close to the model with the highest degree of participation. Another issue is whether the idea of broad social participation will be maintained in practice at the implementation stage of this program.
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Muiruri, James, and Josphat W. Kwasira. "EFFECT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SAFETY PLANNING IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAMS IN STATE CORPORATIONS IN NAKURU TOWN, KENYA." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 9 (November 30, 2015): 2470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v10i9.561.
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Occupational health and safety is a fundamental concept that continues to be associated with human resource issues. The importance of OHS programs is founded on the premise that the workforce requires care just like any other resources within an organization. Needless to say, State corporations are subject to health and safety issues. These firms presumptively face numerous challenges bordering on health and safety of their employees. Though, employees are expected to work in environments where their health and safety are assured, sometimes this is not the case. This justifies the essence of having sound OHS programs in place and ensures they are fully implemented. Generally, the study sought to examine the role played by the HR function in the implementation of OHS in the State corporations in Nakuru town, Kenya. In particular, the study investigated the influence of training on OHS programs, appraisal of OHS programs, audit of OHS programs, and planning of OHS programs on the implementation of OHS programs in State corporations. It was guided by four theories which included economic theory, theory of compensating wage differentials, Perrow’s normal accident theory, and social judgment theory. This study adopted descriptive survey research design. The study targeted the 919 employees working with State corporations in Nakuru town. Stratified random sampling technique was used to draw sampled respondents from the target population. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect primary data. Both reliability and validity of the research instrument were determined prior to data collection for the main study. The collected primary data was processed and analyzed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) analytical tool. Data analysis was in form of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings were presented in form of statistical tables. The study found out that the human resource function played a considerable role in the implementation of OHS programs in State corporations in Nakuru town. More specifically, the implementation of OHS programs in the said organizations was noted to be significantly and positively influenced by training on OHS programs, appraisal of OHS programs, audit of OHS programs, and planning of OHS programs. The study recommended that that training on health and safety issues should be emphasized; appraisal of these programs are upheld and conducted regularly; OHS audit should be regularly conducted by the internal human resource department; and corporations should involve all stakeholders and planning professionals in the planning of OHS matters.
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Kononowicz, Wanda, and Joanna Sukienniczak. "Revalorization Problems of the Down-Town Areas on the Example of Zielona Góra." Civil And Environmental Engineering Reports 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceer-2016-0053.
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Abstract The aim of the considerations presented in the article is to determine the developmental directions of the inner urban areas respecting and honouring the cultural heritage of Zielona Gora city. The formation of useful physical form of the urban lifestyle environment is particularly important in the process of urban regeneration. The article presents polemics with the planning documents and raises the issues related to urban green areas and street furniture. The design proposal shows one of the possibilities to bring the improperly developed areas back to the city. Every city is made of people and, therefore, it is essential for these people to have social awareness of individual influence on the shape of urban areas.
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Zanganeh Shahraki, Saeed, Narges Ahmadifard, Hossein Farhadikhah, Bagher Fotouhi Mehrabani, Asghar Haydari, Yaghob Abdali, Vahid Abbasi Fallah, et al. "Spatial Planning, Urban Governance and the Economic Context: The Case of ‘Mehr’ Housing Plan, Iran." Land 9, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9050169.
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With the increasing concentration of population and economic activities in metropolitan regions, dwelling shortages and housing quality have become critical issues in urban management. Town plans considering social, economic, political, and cultural features of local communities have been developed with the aim of supporting housing, especially in emerging economies. In Iran, the ‘Mehr Housing’ Plan has been considered as one of the most relevant strategies for social housing since the 2000s. However, the acceptance of ‘Mehr Housing’ plans at the community scale has been rather low, reflecting the fact that it is a top-down, non-participatory policy. The present study investigates the most important factors affecting social acceptance of ‘Mehr Housing’ plans by interviewing 45 experts through a structured questionnaire that evaluated multiple analyses’ dimensions of housing and urban planning in Iran. Results showed that six dimensions (physical, institutional-managerial, economic, socio-cultural, legal, and locational) had contributed to social dissatisfaction with ‘Mehr Housing’ local initiatives. In particular, socio-cultural and legal dimensions were demonstrated to have a large impact on local communities’ dissatisfaction.
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Slyunkova, Inessa N. "Town-Planning Conception of the Livadia Palace and Park Ensemble." Scientific journal “ACADEMIA. ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION”, no. 1 (March 22, 2018): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2018-1-36-43.
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The work is devoted to the town-planning heritage of Livadia. For the first time, relying on the graphic design sources of the 1860s and the turn of the XIX - XX centuries, the history of the formation of the ensemble of the new and second after Oreanda imperial residence in the Crimea is revealed. The content and characteristics of the imperial private order in post-reform Russia are considered. The central place is occupied by the design of the ensemble, its functional structure and boundaries, the architectural and spatial development of the territories, the principles of planning and development the issues of park construction and the use of the naturallandscape.In the era of historicism and national romanticism, a new trend in the arrangement of the privatelife of Russian monarchs was the appeal to the examples and traditions of the Russian aristocratic manor. The estate of Livadia, with the established complex of a noble manor, was bought by Alexander II from the heirs of Count L.S. Pototsky and presented to the Empress Maria Alexandrovna. The subject of the study is the town-planning transformation aimed at adapting and further developing the ensemble in order to accommodate the royal famty, the court the retinue, and the extensive system of services.Livadia reconstruction can be divided into two stages. The first is connected with the most intensive transformations of the environment carried out in 1862-1866 undertheleadership of I.A. Monighetti. The architect proposed the concept of a dispersed system of resettlement and placement of new building complexes outside the front of the estate core - auxiliary household military and other services of the residence. An integral part of the plan was road construction and development of infrastructure along with new sections of territories within the boundaries ofland ownershipThe second stage of active construction in Livadia occurred in 1869 - the beginning of the 1880s, and it was mainty directed to social programs. It was the erection of the second church of the estate in the midst of settlement complexes for personnel of the residence services; school for 120 people, etc. The principles of park construction extended to each of the peripheral sections and complexes. The system of water supp^ along with the engineering and technical support service of the estate and surrounding settlements were created. Livadia resembled a city-residence and a city-garden.For the first time the general plans of Livadia that reveal the scale of architectural transformations during the period of possession of the royal family are published.
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Viatkin, Konstantyn. "ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF URBAN PLANNING SYSTEMS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL PURPOSE." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 58 (November 30, 2020): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2020.58.129-140.
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The processes of functioning of urban planning systems in modern conditions of society development are subject to new challenges. These challenges are determined by changes in the environment, priorities for social development, problems of urban areas, which determine new models of spatial and territorial distribution of the population. The article is devoted to topical issues of finding ways to increase the attractiveness of areas for the population. Theoretical definition of the basic concept of town-planning systems, their components is given, normative-legal bases of theoretical definition of town-planning system are analyzed. Urbanization processes involve both the development of territories and the creation of additional aspects for research to improve urban systems. Problems of development of urbanized territories are worked out. "Smart" urbanization determines the conditions that in modern society meet the socio-economic, environmental and spatial requirements for a comfortable human life. The town-planning system is defined as a complex concept and its further structuring is carried out by allocating the enlarged blocks of town-planning systems, definition of their structural elements and analysis of the functional role of each structural element according to the defined blocks. The article analyzes the factors influencing the attractiveness of areas for the population in modern conditions of society. The identified factors are classified and grouped in order to form a system for assessing the attractiveness of the territory for the population for further development of measures to improve the comfort of living in this area, grouped into blocks: economic, social, spatial, environmental. Based on the structuring, a model of elements of the urban system and a model of parametric characteristics of the processes of assessing the attractiveness of the urban system were developed. These models are intended to be the basis for further development of a system for assessing the attractiveness of areas to ensure their sustainable development. These models are developed by analyzing urban systems, determining their elements and functional purpose, assessing the impact of each element on the attractiveness of the population. Carrying out the assessment by introducing an integrated criterion will not only determine the potential of the territory for further development, but also ensure the formation of strategic development plans by analyzing their "weaknesses" and making management decisions to deal with such negative factors. The result of this work should increase the attractiveness of the urban planning system for the population. Prospects for further research identify the processes of analysis of the potential of territories and forecasting ways of population movement in accordance with changes in territorial attractiveness.
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Biliński, Tadeusz. "Programming of Urban Revitalization." Civil And Environmental Engineering Reports 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceer-2016-0047.
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Abstract The planning stage of the investment–construction process is of a crucial importance. Its overall impact on the costs, construction time and the quality of design solutions is huge. However, in practice, little attention is given to this pre-design stage, except for public buildings or other buildings of particular importance. In consequence, the results of investment and construction activities are unsatisfactory. Therefore, the issue has been given careful consideration in this paper. The paper discusses the issue of programming urban revitalization, emphasizing its socio-economic importance. To illustrate the complexity of revitalization projects planning, the author draws attention to social, economic, technical and organisational factors, such as public participation, reorganization and revaluation of land use planning, rationalization of energy use, organization and management of revitalization processes, as well as technical progress. Summarising the paper, the author concludes that in order to improve the quality of life of town residents and to protect material national heritage, it is indispensable to continuously revitalize subsequent town areas.
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McGregor, R. S. "A Hindi Writer's View of Social, Political and Language Issues of his Time: Attitudes of Hariścandra of Banaras (1850–1885)." Modern Asian Studies 25, no. 1 (February 1991): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00015857.
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The individual works of Hariścandra in prose, poetry and drama have been little analysed or exploited by western scholars for the light they throw on social and political attitudes, and on language issues, in north India in their author's time. Yet many of these works are of interest from the above point of view. One such work is an essay based on an address given by Hariścandra in the town of Ballia, to the east of Banaras, in 1877. In the following pages the content of this interesting essay is outlined and analysed; an introductory account is first provided of Hariścandra, his activity, and its historical context.
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Luithlen, L. "Landownership in Britain and the Quest for Town Planning." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, no. 8 (August 1997): 1399–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a291399.
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In this paper I endeavour to show that town planning in Britain, although placed within the ‘public domain’, is largely operating in accordance with the principles of private law. I also argue that town planning is an integral part of the land and property market which itself is conditioned by the definition of the rights in land and property. These rights are shown to be grounded in the traditions of the private land law as evolved over centuries from the feudal system of land and property relations. I therefore begin with an examination of development under the leasehold system in London during the 18th and 19th centuries and find that landowners, in their efforts of maintaining the value of their estate, conducted a form of environmental control very similar to what planners do nowadays as part of their activities in development control. It is then shown how the old system was unable to cope with the pressures of industrialisation and rapidly expanding urban areas. Politicians, royal commissions, and expert committees sought to adapt the leasehold system and to reform existing property rights to accommodate a newly emerging property market. These efforts finally culminated in the 1925 Property Statutes. At the same time governments pursued efforts of devising new structures of urban governance. However, these measures generally were piecemeal and their implementation was fraught with difficulties. A new approach, recognising the interdependence between market processes, market regulation, and ‘public improvement’, were championed by the radical Liberals towards the end of the 19th century. This philosophy is reflected in the enactment of the first planning statutes of 1909 and 1919. Both Acts made provisions for the retainment of development value for reasons of social justice and the funding of urban infrastructure. Subsequent enactments have tended to isolate town planning not only from housing but also from the land market and the issue of betterment, and thus from urban governance. The reason, it is argued, is that property as well as planning legislation are still hemmed in the strait-jacket of the private land law. I conclude that the isolation of town planning within a fragmented ‘public domain’ bodes ill for the future of our cities.
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Moglia, Magnus, Pascal Perez, and Stewart Burn. "Water troubles in a Pacific atoll town." Water Policy 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2008): 613–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.004.
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South Tarawa is a town on an isolated Pacific atoll of approximately 46,000 people, with absolute water scarcity, poor water safety and consequently water-related problems. It relies on shallow groundwater, with contributions from rainwater tanks and desalination. Due to a combination of factors such as small scale, limited human resources, system complexity, isolation and lack of financial resources, water management capacity is inadequate. Sustainability of groundwater resources is also uncertain and there are indications that groundwater has been extracted above the sustainable pumping rates. Social complexity is highlighted by the resistance from traditional landowners to the attempts to deal with the supply-side deficit through establishment of new infiltration galleries. In this paper, issues relating to water management in South Tarawa are reviewed. This follows on to an exploration of possible strategies to improve the existing situation. This research forms an empirical building block in the foundation of a larger study, aiming at developing a framework for strategic and adaptive small town water management. In particular, the larger study explores the options and viability of co-management of water and land resources in small scale urban areas as an alternative to traditional urban management approaches.
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Rosser, Gervase. "Myth, image and social process in the English medieval town." Urban History 23, no. 1 (May 1996): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800011652.
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This essay examines the nature and role of mythical histories in English medieval towns. Myths concerning the origins and special destinies of particular cities were widespread and long-lasting. For contemporaries they acquired meaning through their interaction with changing historical circumstances. Evidence for their circulation in both elite and popular domains is reviewed. Their significance was not unambiguous; they were, rather, contested territory, a means through which townspeople articulated their particular views about the nature and purpose of urban society. Their effect, therefore, could be to assist both in the formation and in the transformation of that society. Issue is taken with the argument that the early modern period saw a weakening of the potential force of such myths.
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Akopov, Ph V., A. D. Khoroshilova, and Yu S. Faddeykina. "ISSUES OF DESIGNING AND RESTRUCTURING THE ROUTE NETWORKS OF PUBLIC PASSENGER URBAN GROUND TRANSPORT." World of Transport and Transportation 17, no. 5 (June 7, 2020): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-5-254-267.
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The urban passenger public transport as an important element of social infrastructure of megalopolises directly influences the quality of life of city residents, development of town-planning, social and economic potential. Efficiency of urban transport directly depends on the right choice and well-sought designing of its routes.The objective of the research was to develop based on the overview of existing methods for designing route networks of urban public passenger transport an updated technique allowing to restructure existing routes. The analysis of route network design methods permitted to reveal their advantages and disadvantages. An improved methodology for designing route networks is proposed, aimed at solving the problems of restructuring existing route networks and at practical implementation of the results considering existing constraints. The technique to design route networks of city districts and of small towns is based on the model of road and street network, shown as a detailed graph with subsequent consideration of the arrays of connections of all the vertices of the graph with several points of gravity. QGIS geoinformatics software used to build the graph allows to analyze, visualize, and facilitate the operations with the detailed graph of the transport network of a city district.Identifying of rational itineraries between points of departure and of gravity is executed by purposed selection of options by criterion of minimum travel time spending. Shaping out of routes is based on principles of integration of the most possible number of points (vertices of the graph) into the route.The application of an improved technique will allow to consider the changing demand of the population for transport services, make adjustments to the existing route network, thereby satisfying the population’s need for transportation and increasing the efficiency of urban transport networks and motor transport enterprises.
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Hoon Leh, Oliver Ling, Muhammad Hanif Abdul Aziz, Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi, and Abdul Rauf Abdul Rasam. "An Investigation On The Liveability Of Urban Settlement. Case Study: Mandy Villa, Segambut, Kuala Lumpur City, Malaysia." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926606003.
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Urban areas are the main centres of growth in every country. However, urban areas face challenges such as environmental destruction, social deprivation, insecurity, health problem, and accessibility issue. These problems affect liveability level of the urban settlements. Liveability is influenced by the aspects of physical environment and social. A study had been carried out in Kuala Lumpur city with the Mandy Villa at Segambut as the study area. The purpose of the study is to investigate the liveability level of the study area and the relationship with the urban planning aspects of physical, and social. A questionnaire survey had been carried out. The respondents with different socio-economic background were mostly felt that the study area was liveable. From the relationship analysis by using correlation tests, the study found that some of the physical planning aspects and most of the social aspects were positively and significantly correlated to the liveability level. With the research findings, town planners, developers and government agencies are able to have a better understanding of the physical and social determinants of liveability. However, more future studies should be carried out for different cities and towns to further improve the understanding on the topic of urban liveability.
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Tajima, Shota. "Action Research on a Locally Oriented Sustainable Product." International Journal of Automation Technology 16, no. 6 (November 5, 2022): 845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0845.
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This research aims to visualize the social relations of a locally oriented sustainable product based on specialty product development in Nagara, Chiba. Japan’s population has declined since 2008. Sustainable regional revitalization, such as the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals, is an urgent issue. Developing specialty products to foster regional brands is flourishing in various places because regional brands will improve their earning power. Although various specialty products are being developed nationwide, there is no indicator of their social sustainability regarding how locally oriented products directly contribute to regional revitalization. Nagara Town is located in the central part of Chiba Prefecture and is the second-smallest town in the prefecture with a population of 6,520. Nagara Town and Chiba University signed a partnership agreement on regional revitalization in 2015 and are working on industry-government-academia collaborative community development with the theme of a continuous care retirement community (CCRC). In 2019, the university, local companies, and the town hall collaborated to develop a specialty product, “Nagara and Guarana (N&G).” Design thinking was used for the development, and the N&G prototype was completed in 2020. After prototype testing, N&G was commercialized in 2021, and 45,000 bottles were manufactured. It was sold at facilities and station shops inside and outside the town, and sold 36,510 bottles, successfully exceeding the original schedule. Unlike normal specialty product development, Nagara Town has become an N&G seller. Related studies have shown that locally oriented products contribute to social sustainability by localizing them according to the social context of the region on a global scale. However, in regional revitalization, building social connections within regions through locally oriented products contributes to social sustainability. However, there is no indicator of how locally oriented sustainable products contribute to this region. The author proposed a Socio-Relation Map (SRMap) to quantitatively measure the social relations of a product by counting the stakeholders involved. SRMap comprises stakeholders involved in product planning, manufacturing, and dissemination. Then, we applied SRMap to N&G to verify its effectiveness and limitations.
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Lekareva, Nina, and Anna Zaslavskaya. "Gardening as vector of a humanization of high-rise building." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183301010.
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Article is devoted to issue of integration of vertical gardening into structure of high-rise building in the conditions of the constrained town-planning situation. On the basis of the analysis of the existing experience of design and building of "biopositive" high-rise building ecological, town-planning, social and constructive advantages of the organization of gardens on roofs and vertical gardens are considered [1]. As the main mechanism of increase in investment appeal of high-rise building the principle of a humanization due to gardening of high-rise building taking into account requirements of ecology, energy efficiency of buildings and improvement of quality of construction with minimization of expenses and maximizing comfort moves forward. The National Standards of Green construction designed to adapt the international requirements of architecture and construction of the energy efficient, eco-friendly and comfortable building or a complex to local conditions are considered [2,3].
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Falletti, Maddalena. "Cinque zoom sul Cairo. I progetti attuati e quelli in via di attuazione." TERRITORIO, no. 50 (October 2009): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2009-050010.
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- The article considers five cases, the Sixth of October new town, the City of the Dead, the Zabbaleen neighbourhood, the Al Azhar park and finally the Nile Tower project by Zaha Hadid to give a review of current tendencies in the transformation of urban Cairo, looking at critical issues, the methodologies commonly employed and the large scale consequences. Although they appear very different, the cases reveal a common matrix and respond to an approach to the management of space which seems to move towards the consolidation of a policy of social exclusion.
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Łopuszyńska, Agata. "Reducing the light pollution in settlement units areas – comparative case studies." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400100.
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Dark-sky areas are a form of night landscape protection and reduction of light pollution (LP), but also a new direction of inhabited and urban areas development. Yet still the lack of social awareness of artificial light at night (ALAN) exposure issues is widespread. While the technical aspects of outdoor lighting modernization used for reduction are recognized and continuously elaborated, there is no specific scheme of the dark sky communities formation processes. In contrast to isolated areas of dark-sky protection, they are a challenge due to the accumulation of various functions and interests or spatial conflicts. The article is an attempt to determine how and why particular programs work or fail to work on the examples of the Polish village of Sopotnia Wielka and the Scottish town of Moffat. It seems that the legal factors are decisive, but other important aspects like social or planning come to the fore.
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Kim, Joon Sik, Peter W. J. Batey, Yanting Fan, and Sheng Zhong. "Embracing integrated watershed revitalization in Suzhou, China: learning from global case studies." Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science 5, no. 2 (May 28, 2021): 565–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41685-021-00203-w.
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AbstractSuzhou is China’s historic water town, and a sustainable approach to watershed revitalization is firmly on the agenda. The practice of integrated watershed management requires collaborative planning involving a significant number of stakeholders; no single organization can solve the problems of ecosystem management unilaterally. The changing social–political environment in China has led to the development of a new form of governance. China is in transition from the traditional government image of a regulator and a controller towards an enabler that facilitates provision and action by, and through, others. Global case studies show that sustainability issues are essential to tackling watershed ecosystem management by creating a win–win strategy for wider stakeholders. Viewed from an institutional perspective, the emergence of a new collaborative partnership model requires a different implementation process to tackle practical problems in the face of complex watershed agendas. Drawing upon global and China’s experiences, the paper concludes that some planning processes require government leadership continuity, while others need bottom–up approaches.
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Nik Hashim, Nik Hazwani, Anuar Alias, and Melasutra Md. Dali. "THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK TO INTEGRATE SUSTAINABILITY IN URBAN REGENERATION INITIATIVES." International Journal of Property Sciences 12, no. 1 (August 30, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijps.vol12no1.1.
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Urban regeneration has become an essential spatial strategy to resolve urban decay issues in many countries and regions which is in line with the ‘2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to build sustainable cities and communities worldwide. Although urban regeneration is the desired solution for deprived cities, not all are successful in following the sustainable development path as more emphasis is on economic objectives over the environment and social sustainability. Thus, this study presents the conceptual framework that integrates sustainable development aspirations in the urban regeneration practice as the way forward. A qualitative method (content analysis approach) is adopted in this study by reviewing current and past studies on sustainable urban regeneration, using Mendeley as the search engine and ATLAS.ti for analysing. Findings from the literature review identified fundamental criteria and indicators of sustainable urban regeneration according to the three dimensions of sustainable development. A strategic approach to achieving sustainable urban regeneration is also identified which indicates that planning and social sub-systems are the crucial components or the enablers that integrate sustainability in urban regeneration initiatives. This study concluded that urban regeneration could be the solution to resolve urban decay and build sustainable cities if the town planning and social sub-system are incorporated appropriately within the sustainable urban regeneration framework.
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Dzutsev, Valeriy, and Khasan Dzutsev. "Comparative analysis of public opinion and hostage attack victims’ attitudes: evidence from Beslan, September 2004." Caucasus Survey 1, no. 1 (September 22, 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23761202-00101003.
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How does an extreme situation, such as a violent attack, impact political opinions of the affected population? Using original data from the hostage crisis in the North Ossetian town of Beslan, this article explores the differences and similarities in attitudes towards the key social and political issues between the directly affected and the general populations of the town. The study was constructed as a quasi-natural experiment of a rare kind, since the attack generated directly affected and unaffected populations living in the same society. Our research shows that despite deep distrust toward both the national and regional government, respondents still indicated a relatively low inclination to engage in civic activity in opposition to the state authorities as a result of the attack. The results of the study throw light on the question of why the Beslan attack did not become a catalyst for change in North Ossetia: absence of political opposition disempowers the general population and prevents social change from happening even under highly stressful circumstances. The inconclusiveness of the official investigation into the Beslan attack may, however, leave these tragic events open to future politicisation.
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Beretić, Nađa, and Valentina Talu. "Social Housing as an Experimental Approach to the Sustainable Regeneration of Historic City Centers: An Ongoing Study of Sassari City, Italy." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 4579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114579.
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The urban development in the 21st century builds upon sustainable urban redevelopment. In this paper, we use urban regeneration as a strategic intervention that reverses social and physical decline through an integrated approach. We argued that social housing is an important strategic intervention of urban regeneration. Unlike many European countries, social housing in Italy has remained an experimental field that urgently needs new models, and urban planning tools and techniques. We presented guidelines for an experimental social housing model. We focus on abandoned buildings and spaces, social issues, and services, with the goal of contributing to urban welfare in the old town center of Sassari City. This approach goes well beyond efforts to put uninhabited or degraded land and buildings to new uses. A model is an integrated tool that is capable of triggering and guiding the processes of social innovation, inclusion, cultural promotion, and economic development. It grounds on the collaborative use of spaces that stimulate a new culture of living together: collaborative living. This paper is based on the results of an ongoing research project, which involves the local University and the Municipality. More research is needed to enclose the model.
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Zheng, Cheng Bo. "The Problems and Thinking of Planning and Construction in Rural Communities under New Urbanization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.399.
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Promoting new urbanization is urban and rural development to solve the "three rural" issue, the only way to achieve modernization in rural areas, is an important way to solve the "three rural" issue is to promote balanced regional development of strong support, with the economic and social rapid development, increasing people's living standards, housing, environmental requirements are also increasing, but the face of the land uncontrolled urbanization serious regional environmental quality of urban decline, ecological damage is more common, and many other problems. Described the outstanding issues of community planning and construction of small towns and rural work under the new urbanization exist, and propose relevant measures for policy makers, builders reference.
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Savchuk, Oksana. "FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONAL AND PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF THE TERRITORIES OF THE OIL AND GAS COMPLEX." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 77 (May 24, 2021): 410–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.77.410-427.
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The issues of functional-planning organization of oil and gas enterprises in the territory of Western Ukraine (within Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Ternopil regions) are presented in the article. Facilities related to extraction, transportation, storage, processing and sales are taken into account. The town-planning analysis is carried out and the basic functional zones of territories are defined, appointments of buildings and constructions and the basic communication communications between them are identified.
The study is based on the analysis of twenty the oil and gas complex objects, some of which are presented graphically. Objects are grouped according to their function. Enterprises are divided into five main types: 1. Mining enterprises; 2. Transportation companies; 3. Storage enterprises; 4. Processing plants. 5. Objects of sale.
Characterization of the functional and planning organization of the territory of enterprises is carried out by a comprehensive analysis of certain specific indicators: 1. Analysis of the function of buildings and structures. 2. Functional zoning of the territory. 3. Basic communication links. In the course of the research the localization of objects was carried out and their classification according to the degree of functioning was deduced: lost enterprises, non-functioning, partially functioning, functioning.
Given the specifics of oil and gas companies in the process of studying the functional and planning features of the oil and gas complex, it is proposed to partially expand the list of functional areas. During the study of functional and planning features it was possible to identify three main factors influencing the organization of territories: the requirement of manufacturability, safety issues (social and environmental) and engineering and geological conditions.
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Gómez, Ileana. "Religious and Social Participation in War-Torn Areas of El Salvador." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 41, no. 4 (1999): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166191.
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The Salvadoran civil war destroyed local community life throughout the province of Morazán. Despite the peace accords, poverty, unequal land distribution, and a “culture of violence” demand structural and institutional transformations well beyond the individual moral regeneration offered by churches. Religion, however, supplies coping tools, especially for youth, women, and repatriated refugees. By focusing on local issues, furthermore, churches are fostering social participation among hitherto disenfranchised groups, a critical element in building an inclusive, robust democracy.
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Fioramonti, Lorenzo. "Round table report: Advancing regional social integration, social protection, and the free movement of people in Southern Africa." Regions and Cohesion 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2013.030308.
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The round table on “Advancing regional social integration, social protection, and free movement of people in Southern Africa” was organized as part of the conference “Regional governance of migration and social policy: Comparing European and African regional integration policies and practices” held at the University of Pretoria (South Africa) on 18–20 April 2012, at which the articles in this special issue were first presented. The discussion was moderated by Prince Mashele of the South African Centre for Politics and Research and the participants included: Yitna Getachew, IOM Regional Representative for Southern Africa, Migration Dialogue for Southern Africa (MIDSA); Jonathan Crush, University of Cape Town and Balsillie School of International Affairs, Canada, representing the Southern Africa Migration Program (SAMP); Vic van Vuuren, Director of Southern African ILO; Vivienne Taylor, South Africa Planning Commission; Sergio Calle Norena, Deputy Regional Representative of UNHCR; Laurent De Boeck, Director, ACP Observatory on Migration, Brussels; Wiseman Magasela, Deputy Director General Social Policy, South African Department of Social Development; and Sanusha Naidu, Open Society Foundation for South Africa.
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Woods, Dwayne. "Elites, ethnicity, and ‘home town’ associations in the Côte d'Ivoire: an historical analysis of state–society links." Africa 64, no. 4 (October 1994): 465–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161369.
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The democratisation process which began in the early 1990s in many sub-Saharan African countries has led to renewed interest in the role of voluntary associations in the shaping of the political and social realms. This article maintains that the most effective way to understand the role of associational politics and developments in Africa is not by postulating what they should do according to Western democratic theory, but through an historical analysis of how associations functioned before the introduction of multi-party competitive elections and putative democratic rules in recent years. In this way it will be possible to attain a richer and more complex under-standing of state–society relations under one-party and military regimes, and thus of how these links are likely to change in a more pluralistic environment. This article explores these issues in the Côte d'Ivoire.
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Hocevar, Marjan. "Dispersed settlement in detached houses: Attitudes over the residential space consumption in Slovenia." Sociologija 54, no. 1 (2012): 123–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1201123h.
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Public opinion surveys investigating the levels of environmental awareness target the most diverse aspects of environment pollution, but they rarely examine people's attitudes to the ways and forms in which space itself is used or consumed, especially in the context of residential or settlement patterns. This article analyses the connection between the prevailing long-term value orientations about residential preferences in Slovenia, which we associate with an ideology of ?anti-urbanism?, and the resulting ?schizophrenic? environmental perception, which expresses itself as relatively high declared environmental awareness of people who do not live in a town. Extensive and dispersed use of the physical space (defined as a sprawl) is in general one of the issues of environmental degradation. Dispersion and low settlement density, as well as the connected consumption of physical space in detached houses, is even more rarely addressed as the key issue of the environment problem. The absence of comprehensive ?ecologisation? of the ways in which space is consumed for residential purposes in Slovenia is of a structural nature. Its structural captivity is identified on ideological, institutional, planning, and individual levels. Dispersed individualised settlement is critically addressed, but usually seen from the angle of pollution and not as an immanent ecological problem, i.e. the consumption of space as a rare commodity. In surveys on spatial values, we come across the phenomenon that parochial ruralism is equated with environmentalism, something we explain with a schizophrenic environmental perception, when respondents consider living in individual family houses environmentally more acceptable than living in multi-dwelling houses in an urban environment.
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Sabev, Dessislav. "Central planning, market and subsistence from a tundra perspective: Field experience with reindeer herders in the Kola Peninsula." Rangifer 22, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.22.4.1666.
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This paper is based on field experience in the tundra camp of a reindeer-herding brigade with mixed ethnic background (Komi, Sami, Nenets, Russians) belonging to the ex-Sovkhoz of Krasnoschelie. Its purpose is to situate the new critical issues facing the reindeer-herding collectives after the economic collapse in Russia in 1998. My main argument is that the increasing economic isolation of the tundra periphery forces the herders to redefine their relationship with both the centre(s) and the other tundra actors. Reindeer herding on the Kola Peninsula is analysed in relation to its heterogeneous economic system defined by the old Sovkhoz-like management and the new Western buyer of reindeer meat. Furthermore, the social environment in the herding territories has changed since the deterioration of the central planning economy, implying new renewable resources' users. After massive loss of jobs, militaries, miners and geologists came into the tundra for substantial hunting and fishing and so became actors in the local informal economy. Finally, tundra-located herders and hunters seem to be somewhere unified by a discourse against the town-based administrative power and economic actors such as mining industry. Therefore herders have to deal with both an old administrative system in the agrocentre and new realities in the tundra. Based on a case study of herding/hunting activities in a tundra camp, the paper analyses the social relationships between the different actors in the post-Soviet Kola tundra and express their quest for solutions.
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Munno, Greg, Álvaro Salas Castro, Tina Nabatchi, and Christian M. Freitag. "Four Perspectives on a Sustainable Future in Nosara, Costa Rica." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 16982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416982.
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The town of Nosara on Costa Rica’s Nicoya peninsula is home to a vibrant community of diverse residents and is adjacent to an important turtle nesting site. However, tensions between lifelong residents, more recent transplants, visitors, and developers have increased as more of the world discovers this once-isolated haven. Climate change, income inequality, and alienation from a distant government apparatus have further complicated effective land-use planning and fractured social cohesion. Using a mixed-method approach of in-depth interviews (n = 67), Q methodology (n = 79), and public deliberation (n = 88), we explored residents’ priorities for the future of their town. The results indicate four different perspectives on Nosara’s future. Despite the tensions among those four perspectives, they show consensus on one overarching community issue: the need for a sustainable development plan. The case also shows how Q-methodology can assist scholars and practitioners who embrace participatory approaches to policy development and conflict resolution in the environmental arena.
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Krisanti, Nyoman Siska Dessy. "Pengaruh Penyebaran Fasilitas Sosial terhadap Sirkulasi Dalam Kota di Desa Dauh Puri Kelod Denpasar Barat." RUANG-SPACE, Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan (Space : Journal of the Built Environment) 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.24922/jrs.v5i2.42997.
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Social facilities are central to the welfare of a city.Depending on level of accessibility each infrastructure has, its uses by urban dwellers from all over town, creates a collection of complex movements which very often would generate chaotic urban circulations. An obvious implication one easily observes is a circulation deadlock taking the form as a traffic jam: a condition widely encountered by urban dwellers of DauhPuriKelod of Denpasar.This circumstance provides a ground to conduct a study of impacts of the distribution of social facilities on the urban circulation of the DauhPuriKelod area. The study first investigates the spread of the social facilities. Second, it studies traffics incurred when social facilities are accessed by urban dwellers from certain point of departures, at certain timing; and in a certain manner. And third, it analyses how these traffics contribute to the smooth operation and efficient use of urban road networks available across town. This research applies qualitative research method using naturalistic paradigm. Primary data is obtainedby conducting physical observation and individual interview. The study finds that traffic congestions taking place on circulation paths & networks across DauhPuriKelod are partially resulted by the widely spread location of numerous social facilities. This mainly due to a lack of city planning that coordinates this issue. To ease this condition, urban dwellers are strongly advised to reduce the use of private vehicles as they rely on heavily on such form of transportations at present.
Keywords: Patterns of movement, inner circulation, accessibility, social facilities
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Britton, Neil R., and John Lindsay. "Integrating City Planning and Emergency Preparedness: Some of the Reasons Why." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 13, no. 1 (March 1995): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072709501300106.
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When proposing urban redevelopment and renewal schemes, what responsibility does the city planner have to ensure citizens are not placed at risk? How can the practical integration of emergency planning and city planning principles be achieved? While their importance is not contested, questions such as these are not part of the contemporary planner's creed, even though the industrial hazardscape of cities and towns, in particular, is increasing. There is a compelling need for a closer integration between disaster and city planning. Planners need to consider aspects of emergency management, risk assessment and hazard vulnerability in their planning and development deliberations. An emergency management focus is particularly necessary when urban renewal and redevelopment is being considered. Of special importance is the need for planners to understand that large-scale urban and industrial projects can exacerbate the plight of existing ‘at—risk’ groups, and may even create a more hazardous social environment for both existing and future populations. These issues are examined in two articles. This first paper examines the issues in the context of emergency management and other relevant literature. In the second paper two case studies are presented to demonstrate how these issues translate into practice.
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Tiwari, Pankaj. "Assessing Factors Affecting Revenue Management in Public Sector: The Case of Halaba Special Woreda Town Administration Ethiopia (SNNPR)." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 6, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v6.n2.p6.
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<em>Revenue management plays a great role for achieving the national objective of any nation which enhances the economic development and social wellbeing of the society. Even though revenue management has paramount importance for achieving the national goal of any nation, developing countries revenue management including, Ethiopia, is affected by a number of factors. The empirical findings of this research indicates that there are a number of factors that affect revenue management such as, Lack of awareness of tax payers, in adequate assessment of taxable sources, lack of clear operational procedures and so on, this research, thus intended to assess factors affecting public sector revenue management in Halaba special woreda Town administration (SNNPR). The specific objectives of the study are to identify the major factor that affect revenue collection, factors taken into consideration for revenue planning and to know the extent of revenue management mechanism help in revenue management of Halaba special woreda Town administration. Based on that fact, different literatures concerning the issue were reviewed to achieve these objectives; descriptive research method and stratified sampling were employed to gather data. Primary data were collected using semi structured questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussion and observations. Respondents who have participated in the study were employees (366) a sample of 88 were randomly selected from the Town administration of Halaba special woreda and taxpayers (151) a sample of 67 are randomly selected who have registered in the Inland revenue office, the study employed the Inland revenue management committee members (7) for focus group discussion and 4 from 6 Mayor Committee members for interview purposively selected. The total population of the study was 500 and the total sample size was 166. According to the response of the respondents, the factors that affected revenue management of Halaba special woreda Town administration are poor implementation, poor planning, inadequate assessment of taxable sources, lack of required skill, attitudinal problems of revenue officers, inaccurate information of taxpayers, lack of full automation and lack of awareness of taxpayers. Finally, based on the findings, possible recommendations are suggested, these include, widening the town’s revenue sources base, improving planning and implementing capacity, establishing adequate data base systems, raising continuous awareness for taxpayers, institutionalizing standard accounting system that produces timely and reliable information, encouraging community participation in planning and revenue collection and need for designing the reward system.</em>
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Malima, Gabriel, Hoyce Mshida, Revocatus Machunda, Francis Moyo, Joseph Banzi, Om Prasad Gautam, Mbaye Mbeguere, Kyla Smith, Sandy Cairncross, and Karoli N. Njau. "What influences individuals to invest in improved sanitation services and hygiene behaviours in a small town? A formative research study in Babati, Tanzania." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 21, 2022): e0270688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270688.
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Sub-Sahara African countries face immense challenges in ensuring adequate sanitation and hygiene behaviours to the rapidly growing populations. Attempts to address these challenges require empirical evidence to inform policy and planning. We contribute toward that goal by unveiling findings of formative research conducted in Babati, a rapidly growing town in Tanzania. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 486 households, to unwind motives and barriers for individuals to invest in improved sanitation services and hygiene behaviour change. We used several methods including household survey, focus group discussions, behaviour observations and spot checks. The findings revealed that households derive their motivation to invest in improved sanitation and hygiene practices from comfort, raising social status, and the need for personal safety and privacy. Other motives include fear of penalties and fines and fear of disease outbreaks, whilst the barriers include, limited water availability and accessibility, environmental factors, property rights, cultural issues, financial constraints, and a person’s attitude. Quantitative data were subjected to multivariate analysis to identify determinants of households to invest in sanitation and hygiene practices. The logistic regression analyses revealed that sources of water, property rights, and education level were the main determinants of households to invest in sanitation and hygiene facilities, while household income was the main determinant for households to invest in both construction of handwashing facility and water treatment. We argue that the initiative to promote sanitation and hygiene behaviour change in small towns should focus on promoting motivation factors and abating the determinant factors identified in this study.
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Buchwald, Eugeny, and Olga Valentik. "Municipal Strategies in Russia: New Conditions and New Challenges." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 1 (May 2020): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2020.1.3.
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The article aims to summarize new conditions and new challenges, which currently determine the possibility and even the need for substantial revitalization of the strategic management of the social and economic development of Russian municipalities.Five years of practice of implementing the provisions of the Federal Law no. 172 on trategic planning in the Russian Federation revealed a sufficiently large number of gaps in this legislative act, which currently need to be filled. However, the complexity of the situation cannot be reduced only to the initial mistakes made during the development and adoption of this legislative act. Much of the issues which need to be amended or supplemented in the law on strategic planning today is connected with new conditions and priorities of the social and economic development of the country, its regions and municipal territories. The mentioned above fully concerns the issue of the logical (in the legal and economic sense) completion of the “hierarchical relationship” of strategic planning through a more complete and clear legal regulation of the main forms and key functions of strategic planning at the municipal level of management. The solution of this problem is not limited only by the elimination of the dualism or uncertainty that is necessary for positioning municipal strategizing in the current version of the Federal Law no. 172. The point is that legal regulation should cover a lot of new phenomena of territorial organization of production, settlements (for example, megacities, agglomerations); identify the features of municipal management and strategizing in such specific “points” as towns and mono industry cities, particularly depressed settlements, intercity municipalities, etc. However, the necessity to achieve the coordination of positions on this wide range of issues between the legislation on strategic planning and the legislation on the general principles of the organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation is shown.
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Tamuka Moyo, Hazvinei Tsitsi, Mark Zuidgeest, and Hedwig van Delden. "Lessons Learned from Applying an Integrated Land Use Transport Planning Model to Address Issues of Social and Economic Exclusion of Marginalised Groups: The Case of Cape Town, South Africa." Urban Science 5, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5010010.
Full textAbstract:
The Group Areas Act of 1950 has resulted in post-apartheid South African cities being characterised by spatial patterns with limited access to social and economic opportunities for the black and coloured population. Typically, high-density low-income housing is located peripherally, while low density high-income housing is located in accessible central areas. With increased rural-to-urban migration, the demand for formal housing has historically surpassed supply, which has increased the growth of informal settlements. Current discourse within South African land use policy suggests that in-situ upgrading of informal housing is a viable response to integrate informal settlements into the formal city. In parallel, it is proposed that new low-income residential areas and employment-generating land uses should be located along transport corridors to improve access to transport, its infrastructure and the opportunities it provides for previously marginalised groups. This study uses Cape Town as a case city to explore two land-use driven development strategies directed at informal settlements and low-income housing. A dynamic land use transport model based on a cellular automata land use model and a four-stage transport model was used to simulate land use and transport changes. Specifically, in-situ upgrading of informal settlements and strategically locating new low-income residential and employment generating land uses along transport corridors were considered. The results from the analysis suggest that in-situ upgrading is a viable option only if new informal settlements are in areas with easy access to economic centres. With regards to low-income housing, targeted interventions aimed at ‘unlocking’ low-income housing activities along transport corridors were found to be useful. However, it was also observed that middle-income residential development and employment generating activities were also attracted to the same corridors, thus, resulting in mixed land uses, which is beneficial but can potentially result in rental bids between low and middle-income earners thus displacing low-income earners away from these areas.
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Reeder, David A. "Schooling in the city: educational history and the urban variable." Urban History 19, no. 1 (April 1992): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800009615.
Full textAbstract:
Educational history has been regularly noticed in the Urban History Yearbook in reviews, and in the bibliography under the heading of urban culture, but it has been a minority interest among urban historians and in Britain the treatment of schools and schooling in town histories has tended until recently to be perfunctory or conventional. However, the impact of social and cultural history on both urban and educational history is resulting in more of an overlap of interests. Hence the publication later this year, in the series of themes in International Urban History, of a set of comparative essays on urban educational history: The City and Education in Four Nations. This article anticipates the historiographical reviews, case studies and theoretical discussions of that volume. It attempts to show, from a British perspective, how recent historiographical bends raise questions and issues of interest to urban historians of the modern period.
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Deluka-Tibljaš, Aleksandra, Barbara Karleuša, and Čedomir Benac. "AHP Methodology Application in Garage-parking Facility Location Selection." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 23, no. 4 (January 25, 2012): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i4.133.
Full textAbstract:
The paper deals with the selection of traffic infrastructure facility location by applying the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) multi-criteria analysis methodology. The proposed methodology is applied in a case study to solve the problem of selecting a location for the garage-parking facility in the town of defined characteristics. The paper analyses the characteristics of five potential locations (alternatives), the selection of criteria and measures for assessing the alternatives and presents the input data preparation, the application of the selected method and the analysis results. All the relevant criteria for the analyses were included: the traffic, the economic criteria and those which nowadays are of great significance: the influence of the facility on the environment and the social criteria which is in accordance with the sustainable development principles. The goal of the paper is to present the procedure of the AHP method application on the complex issue of traffic planning and to confirm the adequacy of the chosen method on the traffic facility strategic planning.
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BLACKMAN, TIM, PAUL VAN SCHAIK, and ANTHONY MARTYR. "Outdoor environments for people with dementia: an exploratory study using virtual reality." Ageing and Society 27, no. 6 (October 25, 2007): 811–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x07006253.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTFew studies have investigated how outdoor environments might disable people with dementia. The issue is rarely considered in planning and design guidelines and not at all in regulations, despite dementia being within the scope of disability discrimination legislation in the United Kingdom and other countries. This article reports a study that involved older people with mild to moderate dementias taking two walks, one in a real town centre and one in a virtual reality (VR) simulation. Adaptations were made to the VR simulation to test possible design improvements. Overall, the town centre posed relatively few problems for the 38 older people with dementia who participated, although more difficulty was evident with greater impairment. Some features of particular places were liked more than others, particularly the segregation of spaces from motor traffic. There were measurable benefits from using clear textual signs to support wayfinding and to identify objects and places in the environment. Diminished outdoor activity is likely to be experienced as a decrease in quality of life and may accelerate the progression of dementia. We conclude that older people with mild to moderate dementia should be encouraged to be active outdoors and that this can be facilitated by small environmental modifications. Some limitations of the VR technology used for the study are also reported.
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Mathieson, W. E., and T. A. Winters. "COMMUNITY CONSULTATION IN DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS." APPEA Journal 38, no. 2 (1998): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97086.
Full textAbstract:
The management of community consultation is a critical step in achieving timely Government approval for projects and laying the foundation for sound long-term relationships between local communities and project developers. The benefits of good relationships with local communities will flow on to Government support for the project, employee relations, service from local suppliers, and supportive neighbours. Both Government and project proponents are increasingly recognising the value of public participation in the environmental assessment of projects-it makes good business sense.The Queensland Government guidelines state that an appropriate public participation program is essential to the full conduct of the impact assessment (Department of Family, Youth and Community Care). This paper considers the issues involved in developing an appropriate community consultation program and looks specifically at the program adopted by BHP for the assessment of a proposed ammonium nitrate plant near Moura in Central Queensland. The BHP program was commended by the Department of Family, Youth and Community Care as a best practise example for other similar industrial projects.There is, however, community consultation and community consultation. The ammonium nitrate project was near a town which had suffered serious population decline and associated loss of services and infrastructure standards over the last decade. The town had also recently experienced major trauma as a result of the Moura underground mine tragedy in 1994.The social environment was in marked contrast to the environment of other projects which BHP had recently been involved in, such as the Minerva gas development project near Port Campbell in Victoria. Where the major focus of Minerva community consultation had been to address community concern about the environmental effects of the project and the impact of industrial development on the inherent lifestyle values of the area; the Moura community consultation program focussed on direct impacts on immediate neighbours and water resources, while the broader community debate was about employment opportunity, rebuilding the resources of the local community, and what can we do to make sure this project goes ahead?Whether the community supports industrial development or otherwise, community consultation is still an essential element of project planning. The issues will vary enormously from community to community-the focus will not always be on green issues. The key is to listen generously to the community and respond in a manner that genuinely recognises and addresses its particular issues.