Journal articles on the topic 'Social issue exchange'
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Shore, Lynn M., Jacqueline A.-M. Coyle-Shapiro, Xiao-Ping Chen, and Lois E. Tetrick. "Social Exchange in Work Settings: Content, Process, and Mixed Models." Management and Organization Review 5, no. 3 (November 2009): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2009.00158.x.
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Social exchange theory has provided the dominant basis for understanding exchange relationships in organizational settings. Despite its predominance within the management field, there are a number of unaddressed issues. This special issue seeks to further social exchange research in work settings. We differentiate social from economic exchange and highlight the moderating role of cultural and individual differences in explaining the outcomes associated with social exchange relationships. We introduce the ideas of content, process, and mixed models of exchange to reflect the different emphases given to the amount and type of resources exchanged, the quality of the relationship, and a combination of both. The five papers in this special issue illustrate these models. We discuss the applicability of social exchange theory across cultural contexts and present suggestions for future research.
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Tetrick, Lois E., Jacqueline A. Coyle-Shapiro, Xiao-Ping Chen, and Lynn M. Shore. "MOR Special Issue: Social Exchange in Organizations." Management and Organization Review 3, no. 2 (July 2007): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740877600000279.
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La Valle, Davide. "Social Exchange and Social System: A Parsonian Approach." Sociological Perspectives 37, no. 4 (December 1994): 585–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389280.
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Three problems have restricted the use by sociologists of social exchange theory. The first is the risk of utilitarianism, present in the perspective followed by Homans. The second problem is the inability of social exchange theory fully to achieve its goals: in particular, its failure to resolve the issue of money in social exchange. The third problem is social exchange theory's inability to pass from explanation of elementary behavior to that of social structures and institutions. This essay shows how these difficulties can be overcome by incorporating social exchange theory into a Parsonian framework. Development is given to Parsons's notion of influence as a generalized medium of exchange which circulates in the social system and which, for sociology, performs the same functions as money in economics. The analogies between the conceptual systems of economics and sociology go beyond the simple notion of exchange, which, in fact, constitutes a key concept with which to study the workings of the social system.
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Tetrick, Lois E., Jacqueline A. Coyle-Shapiro, Xiao-Ping Chen, and Lynn M. Shore. "Management and Organization Review Special Issue on ‘Social Exchange in Organizations’." Management and Organization Review 3, no. 1 (March 2007): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740877600000140.
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Nakata, Cheryl, and Erin Antalis. "Enhancing market exchanges at the base of the pyramid." International Marketing Review 32, no. 6 (November 9, 2015): 762–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-07-2015-0172.
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Purpose – The base of the pyramid (BOP) is characterized by deep and wide poverty, which dampens market exchanges, or making/selling and buying/consuming activities. The purpose of this paper is to address the specific issue of how national culture distinguishes BOP markets in terms of exchange activities, and the broad issue of how market exchanges can grow and flourish by accounting for comparative differences across BOP markets. Design/methodology/approach – The study design is a conceptual framework drawn from the extant BOP literature and several theories such as Amartya Sen’s theory on poverty, and Anthony Bebbington’s concepts of human capital. The framework specifies research propositions for future empirical examination. Findings – The conceptual framework proposes that BOP poverty lowers or inhibits market exchanges but is countered by several factors: national culture (performance orientation), non-traditional assets (creative and social capitals), and transformative technologies (mobile telephony). Assuming these factors vary by BOP setting, greater performance orientation alongside higher social capital, creative capital, and mobile telephony directly and/or interactively increase market exchange activities. Research limitations/implications – Among research implications are the application of other culture theories to the BOP market exchange issue, and the need to examine the role of government and other non-traditional capitals in exchanges. Practical implications – Managerial implications include the targeting and selection of BOP markets and development of marketing tactics that leverage cultural, nontraditional, and technological assets. Originality/value – This paper explores how to counter the negative effects of BOP poverty on market exchanges by leveraging the distinctives and variations among BOP markets.
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Falski, Maciej. "Neighbourhood as a Cultural and Social Issue." Colloquia Humanistica, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/ch.2015.001.
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Neighbourhood as a Cultural and Social IssueThe neighbourhood is a broad category, which is present throughout sociological and cultural research. Of course, articles of the latest issue of "Colloquia Humanistica" do not exhaust the problem. However, we present crucial texts that relate to rarely undertaken issues, some of which might even be considered pioneering. We hope that they will be inspiring for researchers who are interested in the humanities and cultural studies, and once again we are pleased that we have been able to create an issue that is not merely declaratively, but truly interdisciplinary, and yet consistent. We try to present an understanding of the neighbourhood that emerges from the presented texts. The connotation they are most concerned with is that of exchange and opening, of contact, which is based on upholding the borders of one’s group – and of oneself, one’s own space, but at the same time, on opening to other people and the need for communication during which communities and people define themselves. The neighbourhood and contact are also the basis for the exchange processes, the thwarting of which can lead to the most dangerous phenomena for the functioning of societies. Sąsiedztwo jako problem społeczny i kulturowySąsiedztwo jest szeroką kategorią, obecną w badaniach socjologicznych i kulturowych. Artykuły najnowszego numeru „Colloquia Hmanistica“ oczywiście nie wyczerpują zagadnienia. Przedstawiamy jednak bardzo istotne teksty, które odnoszą się do zagadnień rzadko podejmowanych i czasem wręcz pionierskich, jak w przypadku artykułów Olimpii Dragouni i Kamila Wieleckiego. Mamy nadzieję, że będą one inspirujące dla badaczy związanych z humanistyką i kulturoznawstwem, i po raz kolejny cieszymy się, że udało nam się stworzyć numer nie tylko deklaratywnie, lecz rzeczywiście interdyscyplinarny, a jednocześnie spójny.Spróbujmy przedstawić rozumienie sąsiedztwa wynikające z zaprezentowanych tekstów. Zwróćmy uwagę przede wszystkim na konotację wymiany i otwarcia, kontaktu, który z jednej strony opiera się na zachowaniu granicy grupy – jednostki, jej przestrzeni własnej, z drugiej zaś na otwarciu na innego i konieczności komunikacji, podczas której wspólnoty i osoby definiują się. Sąsiedztwo i kontakt stanowią też podstawę dla procesów wymiany, a ich uniemożliwienie prowadzi do zjawisk najgroźniejszych dla funkcjonowania społeczeństw.
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Burgess, David F., and Richard O. Zerbe. "Calculating the Social Opportunity Cost Discount Rate." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 2, no. 03 (August 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/2152-2812.1106.
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Two comments in this issue of the Journal address our recent article in Volume 2, Issue 2. The fundamental issue with both comments is that they confuse the financial rate of return with the opportunity cost rate of return and therefore advocate for an inappropriate basis on which to calculate the government discount rate. That is, both comments confuse the financial cost of funds, or the borrowing rate, with the economic opportunity cost of funds. We hope that this exchange advances the subject by reducing confusion.
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Mislin, Alexandra A., Peter A. Boumgarden, Daisung Jang, and William P. Bottom. "Accounting for reciprocity in negotiation and social exchange." Judgment and Decision Making 10, no. 6 (November 2015): 571–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500007014.
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AbstractPeople generally adhere to the norm of reciprocity during both tacit and negotiated exchange. Emotional responses generated from profitable and unprofitable exchange facilitate the formation of motives to settle scores with others. In two studies we examine how exchange incidents trigger positive and negative emotional responses, bargaining behavior, and process. In Study 1, we developed measures of emotional response toward the counterpart that can index the state of relational accounts between parties. In a complex, multi-issue negotiation, The measures show that prior profitable or unprofitable exchange experiences shifted affect and individual social motives, as well as initial bargaining positions. In Study 2, shifts in relational accounts altered the bargaining process and subsequent implementation of agreements. The relational accounting concept represents an important link for understanding how negotiation functions as a sub-process in the wider stream of social exchange.
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Zellweger, Thomas M., James J. Chrisman, Jess H. Chua, and Lloyd P. Steier. "Social Structures, Social Relationships, and Family Firms." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 43, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1042258718792290.
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In this introduction, we observe that the study of social structures and social relationships constitutes a common theme among the articles and commentaries contained within this special issue on Theories of Family Enterprise. Individuals and organizations are embedded in complex networks of social organization and exchange. Within business enterprises, familial relationships engender unique goals, governance structures, resources, and outcomes. We discuss these relationships, potential research directions, and the contributions made by the articles and commentaries. In so doing, we expand the literature on how social structures and social relationships affect the behavior and performance of family firms.
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Saifuddin, Norizzati, and Hasmah Zanuddin. "The Intermedia Agenda Setting of Interpersonal Violence Cases in the Malaysian Mainstream Online News, Independent News Portal and Social Media." Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication 37, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 186–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2021-3703-11.
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Media plays an important role in illustrating the issue of interpersonal violence. Online media such as news portals and social media platforms are highly used in spreading the information virtually and digitally. However, the issue of interpersonal violence is still growing and has recently shown a significant spike. There are not many studies analyzing the exchange of information between these platforms digitally due to online news portals, which are operated by traditional media, and social media being treated as different entities. Yet, real-time posting may lead to an exchange of contents as they follow each other's agenda. A study on intermedia agenda-setting (IAS) - through issues published, agenda-setter, and sentiment - will enable us to understand how agenda setting plays a role in illustrating the issue of interpersonal violence. A content analysis study was conducted on six selected online media, consisting of mainstream and independent news portals and social media. A total of 815 samples of online news, articles and social media postings from five distinct issues were extracted to investigate the content and every 40 relevant comments from each news item were selected to identify how public opinion the portrayal of the issue in these selected online media. In-depth interview was conducted to eight field experts to gain clarification of the result from the content analysis study. Chi-square analysis on three hypotheses were significantly associated. Results revealed that public officials played a major role as the agenda setter. The Star which represents mainstream online news led in setting the agenda on interpersonal violence issues while Facebook which represents social media followed next in setting the agenda. During the process of intermedia agenda-setting, negative sentiments were hugely expressed and exchanged which indicated the uneasiness, feeling disturbed and dissatisfaction on the interpersonal violence cases, which in the end resulted in the sharing and exchanging of news between mainstream news portals and social media. The agenda on social media was set by the public. This confirmed the effects of the flow of elite--non-elite-elite on IAS. Hence, this study contributed to the understanding of the agenda pattern used that also coexisted in different types of media which were created through the intermedia process. Keywords: Intermedia agenda setting, interpersonal violence, mainstream online news, independent news portal, social media.
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Ali, Shaukat, Naveed Islam, Azhar Rauf, Ikram Din, Mohsen Guizani, and Joel Rodrigues. "Privacy and Security Issues in Online Social Networks." Future Internet 10, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi10120114.
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The advent of online social networks (OSN) has transformed a common passive reader into a content contributor. It has allowed users to share information and exchange opinions, and also express themselves in online virtual communities to interact with other users of similar interests. However, OSN have turned the social sphere of users into the commercial sphere. This should create a privacy and security issue for OSN users. OSN service providers collect the private and sensitive data of their customers that can be misused by data collectors, third parties, or by unauthorized users. In this paper, common security and privacy issues are explained along with recommendations to OSN users to protect themselves from these issues whenever they use social media.
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Drakakis, John. "Shakespeare, Reciprocity and Exchange." Critical Survey 30, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cs.2018.300302.
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In his book The Structure of World History (2014) Kojin Karatani has argued that too little attention has been paid in Marxist historiography to the issue of ‘exchange’. In a number of Shakespearean texts ‘exchange’ and ‘reciprocity’ are of vital importance in sustaining social cohesion; in Romeo and Juliet, for example, radical disruptions of patterns of reciprocity and exchange expose an ambivalence that, in certain critical circumstances, inheres in language itself. The disruption that results from the perversion of these values is felt at every level of the social order, but particularly in the sphere of the ‘economic’, where money and trade become metaphors for the disturbance of the relation between language and action, word and object. This disruption is represented as a product of ‘nature’ but it also becomes a feature of a historically over-determined human psychology, and leads to a critical examination of different forms of government and social organization.
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Dbouk, Wassim, Dawei Jin, Haizhi Wang, and Jianrong Wang. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Rule 144A Debt Offerings: Empirical Evidence." International Journal of Financial Studies 6, no. 4 (November 20, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs6040094.
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Rule 144A allows a firm to issue securities without a public registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and only qualified institutional investors can purchase such securities. In this study, focusing on corporate bonds issued under Rule 144A, we empirically investigate the relationship between the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of issuing firms and the bond yield spread at issuance. We document a significant and positive relation between CSR concerns, whereas CSR strengths seem to play an insignificant role in determining bond yield spread. Our main findings are robust to the instrumental variable approach and simultaneous equation estimation to address the potential endogeneity issues. We further explore the time-series changes in issuing firms’ CSR profiles, and report that institutional investors demand a higher bond yield spread when issuing firms’ exposure to higher social, environmental, and stakeholder concerns. Our analyses reveal that the main sources of such risk exposure are stakeholder conflict and concerns from primary stakeholder groups.
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Métraux, Alexandre. "The History of Science as Unending Steeplechase: A Dialogue." Science in Context 26, no. 4 (October 30, 2013): 649–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889713000331.
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Preliminary remark:The following conversation began as a series of written email exchanges. Due to technical reasons, this exchange had to be interrupted at some point. Rather than rewriting the text that had obtained from scratch, I continued the conversation, turning the real “other” of the dialogue into an imagined one. Heartfelt thanks to Oren Harman, the guest editor of this topical issue, for continuing support and for having taken the risk of designing this unusual topical issue ofScience in Contextwith me. AM.
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Lipiec, Jacek. "Does Warsaw Stock Exchange value corporate social responsibility?" Social Responsibility Journal 12, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-08-2014-0109.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the performance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) portfolio at the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the CSR portfolio of public companies that was selected in a three-step procedure. In total, 23 companies were selected and formed a CSR portfolio that is traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange under the Respect Index. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is used to compare returns of CSR companies with respect to the market. The performance of this portfolio is measured in the period from 2010 to 2012. Findings This paper finds that the CSR portfolio measured under the Respect Index outperformed market in all time periods from 2010 to 2012. In addition, in 2010, the CSR portfolio exceptionally outperformed the market by almost 80 per cent. In 2011, even though the market was down, the CSR portfolio reported lesser losses: −0.93 vs −1.73 per cent. In the following year, the market regained and the CSR portfolio again outperformed the market by 14 per cent. This paper also finds that the CSR portfolio is more sensitive to systematic risk than to specific risk. In addition, the CSR securities move according to the market trend. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this paper is attributed to a cause-and-effect relationship. In other words, it did not answer whether adopting CSR led to higher profitability or profitability reflected an awareness of market conditions that favored the adoption of CSR. The future research should focus on this issue and indicate whether investors prioritize CSR over profits or vice versa. Practical implications The results indicate that investments in CSR portfolio companies bring abnormal returns to investors. In addition, the CSR portfolio may resist market downturns and even bring exceptional profits to investors. Originality/value This study explains the CSR portfolio’s performance on the Warsaw Stock Exchange by using the CAPM.
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Sinapuelas, Ian Clark, and Foo Nin Ho. "Information exchange in social networks for health care." Journal of Consumer Marketing 36, no. 5 (August 12, 2019): 692–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-12-2017-2470.
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Purpose This paper aims to uncover the predictors of information exchange in social networking for health (SNH) care. Design/methodology/approach Using two national studies of consumers in the USA, this research examines how trust and social connections influence information exchange. The empirical analyses use a two-stage estimation approach and structural equation modeling. Findings The results show that higher trust encourages information getting, while social connections encourage information giving. In contrast to previous findings, this study shows that trust does not affect information giving when social connections are included in the model. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on the role of trust and social connections in predicting information exchange in SNH. Research on general social media use has explored the role of personalities in predicting use. While this study controls for demographic variables that correlate strongly with personality types that are significant predictors, future research can determine which of the big-five personality factors correlate with information exchange. While social media usage has been steadily increasing from 2005 to 2015, the authors are unable to track changes in social media activities in healthcare over time as this study uses cross-sectional data. Future research can use panel data that can track these changes. Practical implications First, managers of social networks can encourage individuals with expansive networks to share their stories, as they are more likely to offer information. Second, they need to build the trust of individuals before fully reaping the benefits of SNH. This issue is especially critical for SNH if medical practitioners and public health officials need to use SNH as a communication channel. Third, medical practitioners and public health officials may need to intervene when misinformation is prevalent in SNH. Social implications Health-care providers and public health officials informed of information exchange predictors can modify their strategies in enacting health-related policies. Originality/value This research is the first to explore the links between trust, social connections and information exchange in SNH care. This research contributes to existing knowledge by identifying the important roles of trust and social connections and separate routes that these constructs influence information exchange.
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Liu, Yi, Hongwu Xiao, and Donghan Wang. "Just because I like you: Effect of leader–member liking on workplace deviance." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 48, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8838.
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We tested a theoretical model to explain how and why leader–member liking influences employees' workplace deviance, with leader–member exchange as a mediator and implicit prototype as a moderator. Participants were 227 employee–leader dyads from work teams at 3 Chinese companies in Beijing, who completed surveys at baseline and again 2 months later. The results were as follows: (a) leader–member liking decreased workplace deviance, (b) leader–member exchange mediated the relationship between leader–member liking and workplace deviance, and (c) both implicit leadership prototype and implicit followership prototype moderated the relationship between leader–member liking and leader–member exchange. We have revealed the impact of positive emotion on negative workplace behavior and also provided a simple way to approach the seemingly complex issue of staff management.
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Briket, Denis. "Types of Justice in Contractual Relationships." Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/10.19181/snsp.2021.9.1.7880.
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To analyze the manifestations of social injustice in various situations in society, it is necessary first of all to study how it arises in interpersonal interaction. In the studies of foreign authors on this issue, the logic inherent to the theory of social exchange by G. Homans appears implicitly or explicitly. The article describes which theories Homans based on when creating his concept, how the individual’s actions are influenced by the “rewards” and “costs” received by him, and why Homans wasnot afraid to defend the methodological principle of psychological reductionism. This paper discusses the propositions of this theory and their applicability in assessing the phenomenon of social justice, whether it is a distributional, procedural or interactional orientation. Distributive justice examines how the parties to social exchange assess the fairness of the “rewards” received; to the sphere of procedural studies – the “honesty” of the procedures and processes by which the distribution of “rewards” is made; the area of interest of the interactionist direction is the actor himself, who participates in the process of social exchange. The article also examines the specifics of such types of social exchange as contractual and mutual. A contractual type of social exchange is a relationship in which agreements and conditions are jointly established, thanks to which it becomes possible to receive “rewards”. In contrast to contractual social exchange, mutual exchange is not supported by any legal restrictions. The article describes why the hypothesis that the contractual type of social exchange will be viewed by the participants as more equitable has not been confirmed. In addition, this paper analyzes the suitability of using contractual and mutual social exchange in the context of G. Homans theory of social exchange, and the relevance of their consideration within the framework of the concept of “rewards” and “costs”.
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Altieri, Miguel A. "Classical Biological Control and Social Equity." Bulletin of Entomological Research 81, no. 4 (December 1991): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300031916.
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For over a century, scientists from industrialized countries as well as from developing countries have appropriated natural enemies from different regions of the world. These actions have been conducted thus far without compensation to the donor countries for such ‘biological services’. This unrecompensed extraction has been predicated on the basis that biodiversity (including natural enemies) are ‘humankind's common heritage’ (Kloppenburg & Kleinman, 1987). Such a view has been challenged by some social scientists as well as representatives from some developing countries who now question the inequity of global patterns of exchange of and access to plant genetic resources. At issue is the substantial ‘genetic debt’ that the industrialized countries have procured from developing countries and which has remained uncompensated (Fowler & Mooney, 1990). In fact, the agricultures of industrialized countries are characterized by extreme dependence on ‘introduced’ genetic materials from developing countries. Much of this germplasm has been utilized by seed companies from industrialized countries to develop new, high-yielding varieties, often sold back to developing countries at considerable profit. The contradiction in the status of developing countries crop genetic resources as freely available ‘common heritage’ and the status of seed companies’ commercial varieties as ‘private property’ available by purchase has fueled a major geopolitical controversy. This dispute is bound to expand to other activities involving interregional exchange of biological resources. Concern about global environmental changes, the levels of responsibility of industrialized and developing countries in relation to these changes, and the fact that many developing countries are major repositories of biodiversity which play major biospheric roles, are all issues that fuel the controversy.
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Boiko, Svitlana. "SOCIAL FORMATION OF A CHILD OF PRESCHOOL AGE WITH PSYCHOPHYSICAL DISORDERS AS A SOCIAL PEDAGOGIC PROBLEM." Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work», no. 2(51) (October 25, 2022): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2524-0609.2022.51.23-27.
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The purpose of the article is to highlight the intermediate results of research work on the creation of an author’s program of systemic influence on all participants of the educational process of working with a special category of children. The relevance of the issue from the standpoint of the main principles of inclusive education, which realizes the equality of the rights of every person to obtain an education with further socialization, is proven. The methodological principles of correctional education, which determine the main patterns of development and upbringing common to all categories of children with psychophysical characteristics, are specified. Methods of research apllied: analysis, generalization, systematization for the researching of scientific literature on the issue under consideration. The conditions for successful socialization of persons (including those with including those with psychophysical disabilities) are formed: combining into a single system all social and pedagogical infrastructures, creation of a social and pedagogical system of an open type, deepening educational work among parents educators, and the public on the specifics of working with children with psychophysical disabilities, creation of programs, technologies (forms, methods implementation of ideas) of the organization of real life activities of those subjects who require help, support and protection; development of new programs and filling them with content. The list of compensations for lost and damaged functions that ensure the restoration or replacement of lost or impaired functions is systematized: active social environment, own desire, volitional efforts, etc. The results of the work of teachers of the Dnipropetrovsk region and scientists of the Department of Preschool Education of Kryvyi Rih State University with preschoolers with psychophysical disorders are represented: expansion of network of specialized educational institutions, opening of the Department of Correctional pedagogy, strengthening the material base, increasing platforms for the exchange of experience exchange.
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Coetzee, Jan K., and P. Conrad Kotze. "Optimizing the Epistemological Potential of Focus Groups in Research on a Contested Issue." Qualitative Sociology Review 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.10.2.02.
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This article explores the potential of the focus group to generate analyzable social interaction. We investigate the ways in which group interaction may lead to new insights using examples from a 2011 study on transformation at a South African university campus. Certain aspects of sociable interaction, such as communicative interaction, power and agency, conflict, as well as exchange are touched upon and their roles in the intersubjective construction of reality are emphasized.
We also look at the role of the facilitator in setting up a successful focus group session and the ways in which a naturalistic interactional setting may compensate for the relative unnatural nature of the group situation. Our argument is for the realization of the potential of the focus group as a qualitative method of data collection that is inherently geared towards generating understanding of contested issues, as it allows for an exciting positioning of the researcher between that of interviewer and participant observer, readily able to experience interactional exchange first hand while subtly directing the group conversation into areas of special interest. We believe that the unique epistemological possibilities of the focus group merit a re-engagement with the method by any social scientist interested in the dynamics underlying the social construction of reality, as it offers a window into the ways in which unfolding reality is intersubjectively contested, debated, and finally agreed upon.
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Baranowski, Mariusz, and Anna Odrowąż-Coates. "INTRODUCTION TO SOCIETY REGISTER." Society Register 1, no. 1 (November 14, 2017): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sr.2017.1.1.01.
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In this issue, one may find both theoretical and empirical papers, followed by three book reviews. The issue opens with papers in English, which is our target language, followed by papers in Polish. There are papers from authors based in Algeria, India, Iran, UK, USA, Vietnam, Turkey and Poland, who are all social researchers and active observers of social life at different stages of their academic and professional career.We present you with a selection of current social, educational, political and philosophical topics in a socio-historical context: intercultural issues, identity and resistance, social systems, social control and rehabilitation, communication, reflexivity, spirituality and religion, social justice, issues relevant to education and care, politics, language and even poetry.We aim to become an open forum of scientific thought exchange, inviting scholars with a wide range of experience within the rich field of social sciences, embracing subjects that are both central and peripheral to the further development of disciplines such as sociology, comparative pedagogy, social psychology, anthropology, education, social policy, international relations and philosophy.What makes us unique in Central Europe is that we wish to offer avenues to be heard and visible for early career scholars alongside established authorities in these fields of expertise. We would like to be comprehensive internationally and in order to do so we promote comparative studies.
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Pietruszka-Ortyl, Anna, and Małgorzata Ćwiek. "Social Facilitators of Specialist Knowledge Dispersion in the Digital Era." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 5759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105759.
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The digital revolution has triggered disproportions resulting from unequal access to knowledge and various related skills, because the constituting new civilization is based on specific, high-context, and personalized professional knowledge. In response to these dependencies, and in line with the sustainability paradigm, the issue of diffusion of knowledge, especially of the professional type, is of particular importance in eliminating the increasing digital inequalities. Therefore, the main challenge is to stimulate the free dispersion of intellectual workers’ knowledge. Their openness and commitment, devoid of opportunistic and knowledge-flow restraining attitudes, are prerequisites for the development of a sustainable society (synonymous with Civilization 5.0 or Humanity 5.0). The article endeavors to verify trust as the leading factor of effective specialist knowledge exchange. Its purpose is to analyze and diagnose the components, enablers, and types of trust that affect the diffusion of specific forms of professional knowledge in different groups of organizational stakeholders treated as knowledge agents. Systematic scientific literature analysis, expert evaluation, and structured questionnaires were used to develop and verify the hypotheses. Direct semistructured individual interviews, focus-group online interviews, computer-assisted telephone interviews, and computer-assisted web interviews were also applied in the paper. The research results confirmed the assumption that reliability-based trust, built on competence-based trust and reinforced by benevolence-based trust, is the foundation of the exchange of professional knowledge. It also supported the hypotheses that this process depends on the group of knowledge agents, the dominant form of trust, as well as its enhancers and types of exchanged knowledge. Conducted explorations constitute a theoretical and practical contribution to the subject of professional knowledge exchange. They fill the research gap regarding vehicles of trust as a factor of specialist knowledge diffusion and provide general, practical guidelines in terms of shaping individual components of competence-, benevolence-, and reliability-based trust due to the type of transferred knowledge and the group of knowledge agents involved in its circulation.
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Wyleżałek, Joanna. "Dilemmas around the Energy Transition in the Perspective of Peter Blau’s Social Exchange Theory." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 8211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248211.
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The aim of the article is to present the complexity of social mechanisms related to the systemic energy transformation from the perspective of the classical social exchange theory. Considering the direction of actions taken to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere as obvious, the author of the article analyses the issue through the prism of social and economic dilemmas of the process, focusing on the mechanisms of energy transition in relation to Peter Blau’s exchange theory. The dilemmas of the systemic energy transition are presented in relation to the diverse games of interest that mark the social playing field around the analysed issue. The article outlines the social playing field of energy transition using the example of an economically strong country seeking to strengthen its position and a developing country interested in gaining energy independence. The analysis of the systemic conditions and the political activities carried out made it possible to define possible strategies of action for both countries with reference to the constitutive conditions of power defined by Peter Blau. Contrary to programme declarations of a “just transition”, the analysis made it possible to define the privileged position of economically powerful players and to point to the mechanisms blocking the implementation of the strategy of a developing country. Reference to the classical exchange theory, on the other hand, made it possible to identify the mechanisms indicating the presence in the energy transformation project of both overt and covert projects related to the pursuit of advantage in influencing the shape of the global energy economy.
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Michalski, Michał A. "Consumer social responsibility." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 21, no. 7 (April 2, 2018): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.21.7.07.
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In our contemporary literature and academic discourse, we often see how popular the topic of corporate social responsibility is. It will be argued that another problem, tightly linked to this issue, and strongly influencing the business environment is the consumer behaviour. This second part of business relations is often associated rather with legal demands and customer protection. The purpose of my article is to show how consumer social responsibility can help not only the corporations but also those involved in the market exchange to contribute to the common good and improve quality of millions of transactions people make every day. To become real, this responsibility needs effort—courage to witness by expressing consumer’s opinion and education. The first aspect shows how important action is in revealing values and introducing ethics into everyday market activity, the second shows that emphasizing basic economic education and expecting thorough information from companies can help build and enhance consumer awareness. This article also attempts to demonstrate the contributions of Catholic Social Thought to the problem of social responsibility.
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Hashim, Abdul Talib, Noor Insyiraah Abu Bakar, Nordin Mamat, and Abdul Rahim Razali. "Social Interactions among Multi-Ethnic Students." Asian Social Science 12, no. 7 (June 21, 2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n7p47.
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<p>Positive social interaction is a vital aspect of maintaining a harmonious condition, especially in Malaysia, a country which has a multiracial society. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify the patterns of social interactions among multiethnic students in national secondary schools in Malaysia. The respondents for this study comprise two school administrators, seven teachers and 20 students of various ethnicities. They were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through interview sessions either individually or in focus groups, observation and document analysis. The study’s findings showed that, there are five patterns of social interaction such as cooperation, exchange, competition, conflict and non-verbal communication among multiethnic students. Although there was conflict, the underlying causes of the conflict were not due to racial issues. As well as the five patterns of social interactions stated above, stereotypes were also reported among students. Despite conflicts and stereotypes, the students actively attempted to learn about other cultures and demonstrated attitudes of acceptance towards friends from other ethnic backgrounds. This indicates that the social interaction among students is still favorable and can be further improved through appropriate response. Additionally, based on these findings, a few recommendations were made regarding this issue.</p>
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Lee, Hyunwoo, Seokhyun Chung, Taesu Cheong, and Sang Song. "Accounting for Fairness in a Two-Stage Stochastic Programming Model for Kidney Exchange Programs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 7 (July 14, 2018): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071491.
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Kidney exchange programs, which allow a potential living donor whose kidney is incompatible with his or her intended recipient to donate a kidney to another patient in return for a kidney that is compatible for their intended recipient, usually aims to maximize the number of possible kidney exchanges or the total utility of the program. However, the fairness of these exchanges is an issue that has often been ignored. In this paper, as a way to overcome the problems arising in previous studies, we take fairness to be the degree to which individual patient-donor pairs feel satisfied, rather than the extent to which the exchange increases social benefits. A kidney exchange has to occur on the basis of the value of the kidneys themselves because the process is similar to bartering. If the matched kidneys are not of the level expected by the patient-donor pairs involved, the match may break and the kidney exchange transplantation may fail. This study attempts to classify possible scenarios for such failures and incorporate these into a stochastic programming framework. We apply a two-stage stochastic programming method using total utility in the first stage and the sum of the penalties for failure in the second stage when an exceptional event occurs. Computational results are provided to demonstrate the improvement of the proposed model compared to that of previous deterministic models.
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Boenko, N. A., and M. G. Minina. "On the issue of cooperation of States in the field of organ donation and transplantation." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 20, no. 4 (January 31, 2019): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2018-4-107-111.
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In today’s world, state cooperation is carried out in almost all aspects of political, social and economic life. The interaction of States on high technologies in medicine is not something new and is carried out in a wide range of clinical areas. The cooperation of States in the field of organ donation and transplantation is not limited to the exchange of clinical experience between specialists from different countries or the provision of medical care in a particular case. On the one hand, this direction affects many aspects of social life of man, and needs special legal regulation. On the other hand, it is an effective organizational mechanism, the use of which by States can contribute to saving the lives and health of their own citizens through the inter-state exchange of donor organs. The most important goal of inter-state cooperation is to unite the efforts of the relevant state institutions and services to combat the illegal organ donation and transplantation tourism.
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Nazir, Mehrab, Iftikhar Hussain, Jian Tian, Sabahat Akram, Sidney Mangenda Tshiaba, Shahrukh Mushtaq, and Muhammad Afzal Shad. "A Multidimensional Model of Public Health Approaches Against COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (May 26, 2020): 3780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113780.
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COVID-19 is appearing as one of the most fetal disease of the world’s history and has caused a global health emergency. Therefore, this study was designed with the aim to address the issue of public response against COVID-19. The literature lacks studies on social aspects of COVID-19. Therefore, the current study is an attempt to investigate its social aspects and suggest a theoretical structural equation model to examine the associations between social media exposure, awareness, and information exchange and preventive behavior and to determine the indirect as well as direct impact of social media exposure on preventive behavior from the viewpoints of awareness and information exchange. The current empirical investigation was held in Pakistan, and the collected survey data from 500 respondents through social media tools were utilized to examine the associations between studied variables as stated in the anticipated study model. The findings of the study indicate that social media exposure has no significant and direct effect on preventive behavior. Social media exposure influences preventive behavior indirectly through awareness and information exchange. In addition, awareness and information exchange have significant and direct effects on preventive behavior. Findings are valuable for health administrators, governments, policymakers, and social scientists, specifically for individuals whose situations are like those in Pakistan. This research validates how social media exposure indirectly effects preventive behavior concerning COVID-19 and explains the paths of effect through awareness or information exchange. To the best of our knowledge, there is no work at present that covers this gap, for this reason the authors propose a new model. The conceptual model offers valuable information for policymakers and practitioners to enhance preventive behavior through the adoption of appropriate awareness strategies and information exchange and social media strategies.
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Chen, James K. C., and Thitima Sriphon. "Perspective on COVID-19 Pandemic Factors Impacting Organizational Leadership." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 3230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063230.
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Employees are important assets of an organization. Therefore, the employee engagement in teamwork is extremely vital for long-term organizational development. Good managers need excellent leadership skills. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic rapidly spreads around the world, many countries implemented strategies to avoid infection, such as working from home, isolation of infected people from others, and 14 days of self-quarantine. These strategies impact the trust, communal relationships, and social exchange relationships among organizational employees. However, communal and social exchange relationships are necessary for organizational leadership, and they are considered as the basis of social networks. The trust, communal relationships, social exchange relationships, and leadership in an organization are an interesting issue, particularly in the COVID-19 time, since the role of leaders is very crucial for maintaining organizational sustainability. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on leadership in organizations based on trust, communal relationships, and social exchange relationships. The study employed correlation analysis to explore the interrelationships between variables. The 220 samples collected consisted of basic, middle, and high managers of organizations. The findings show that COVID-19 impacted organizational leadership. COVID-19 (F1) and (F2) factors integrated with each variable: (1) trust, (2) communal relationships, and (3) social exchange relationships created a stronger relationship between trust and leadership, communal relationships and leadership, and also social exchange relationship and leadership in organizations. On the contrary, Covid-19 (F3) factors integrated with each variable: (1) trust, (2) communal relationships, and (3) social exchange relationships decreased a relationship between trust and leadership, communal relationships and leadership, and also social exchange relationships and leadership in organizations. These results can help CEOs in organizations to perceive what factors have a positive impact or a negative impact on leadership in organizations in order to improve their leadership skills, even post COVID-19. The managerial implications are that (1) leaders need good communication skills to share true information with empathy and optimism and (2) leaders need to be thoughtful and capable to handle change in uncertain situations ethically.
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Li, Guangzhe. "On the Issue of Common Prosperity in the New Era and New Situation." Modern Economics & Management Forum 3, no. 4 (September 17, 2022): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/memf.v3i4.1034.
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The way wealth is created and distributed is a concentrated reflection of the social form of a country. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the economic and social foundation is in place for further substantive progress in promoting common prosperity. However, unbalanced and inadequate development still exists. Engels profoundly pointed out that "the conditions under which people produce and exchange vary from country to country, and from generation to generation in each country. Therefore, political economy cannot be the same for all historical epochs. "In the comparison and understanding of different experiences, lessons are drawn from multiple perspectives.
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Gachuhi, Patrick Maina, and Cyrus Iraya. "EFFECT OF BONUS ISSUE ON STOCK PRICES OF COMPANIES QUOTED AT THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE." International Journal of Finance 2, no. 1 (January 23, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijf.35.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bonus issue on stock prices of companies quoted at the Nairobi securities exchangeMethodology: The study adopted an event study methodology since the study was concerned with the establishment of the information content of bonus issue announcement on share performance at the NSE. The population of this study was 61 companies listed in the NSE. A sample size of 10 listed companies was focused on as there were only 10 companies which had issued bonuses between 2009 and 2012. The study used secondary data to gather information. The collected secondary data was coded and entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 20) for analysisResults: The study findings revealed that there was a drastic incline from year 2009 to year 2010 followed by a slight decrease in abnormal returns in the following years, Abnormal returns present the difference between the actual returns and the expected returns over a certain period of time. Study findings from the market model indicated that the market return is a good predictor of stock returns. ANOVA results indicated that abnormal returns after bonus issue were significantly higher than abnormal returns before bonus issue. ANOVA results also indicated that actual stock returns were significantly higher after bonus issue than before the bonus issuePolicy recommendation: The study recommends the NSE to establish and enhance policies for investing so as to attract and encourage large institutional and foreign investors to participate at the NSE. The study also recommends that policy makers and regulators at the NSE are encouraged to encourage more research on the NSE form of efficiency; this will provide a forum for investors to get the information on the form of efficiency of the market and boost their confidence when investing at the NSE
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Whitney, Jacob M., Sarah E. Henry, and Bret H. Bradley. "Maybe It Is Who You Know: Social Networks and Leader–Member Exchange Differentiation." Group & Organization Management 47, no. 2 (March 29, 2022): 300–341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10596011221086327.
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Existing literature on leader–member exchange differentiation (LMXD) offers a meaningful view into the multilevel outcomes associated with leader follower relationships. However, despite the rapid growth of literature on LMXD, scholars lack a complete understanding of its antecedents or the processes that cause leaders to differentiate among team members. We address this issue by using social capital theory to propose that leaders perceive their followers’ social networks as potential resources to grow their own social capital. Because each follower has unique social networks, we propose that leaders differentiate LMX among followers depending on which followers provide them with access to the most social resources. In this conceptual paper, we posit that as leaders gain information about their followers’ social networks, they attribute status to each follower depending on their perception of that follower’s social capital. We then propose that key contingencies, such as a team’s psychological safety climate or a leader’s ambition, influence the relationship between social network characteristics and LMXD. Overall, our model provides a unique multilevel perspective of LMXD and provides important insights for both researchers and practitioners alike.
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Chrisman, James J., Jess H. Chua, and Lloyd P. Steier. "Resilience of Family Firms: An Introduction." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 35, no. 6 (November 2011): 1107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00493.x.
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Family firms have long been a prominent feature of the organizational landscape and researchers have found some variations of this organizational form to be more resilient than others. The articles and commentaries in this special issue address some of the bases of this resilience including arranged marriages as a management succession strategy, long–term orientation and multitemporal perspectives, knowledge structures and opportunity identification, and social capital and social exchange. This introduction to the eighth special issue on “theories of family enterprise” discusses the contributions made by the articles and commentaries to our understanding about the resilience of family firms.
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Naghizadeh, Mohammad, Mahsima Kazemi Movahhed, and Yashar Ghoflgari Jedari. "Quality Assessment Framework for Mobile Health Systems." International Journal of E-Business Research 13, no. 3 (July 2017): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijebr.2017070104.
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Web-based, online social networking has received much attention from researchers in a variety of academic disciplines, with interesting issues addressed from different perspectives. Although Internet technologies play an instrumental role in the provision of the connectivity and message exchange capabilities that are required for the member interactions, the impacts of extensive usage of online social networks often are often on the non-technological aspects. This research investigates the driving forces of website loyalty, an issue of interest to both the individuals using the service for socializing and for the businesses deploying social networks as a serious technological tool for business promotion purposes. Using Facebook as the target of observation, this study evaluates the effects of social presence and social capital on website loyalty. The analysis reveals a positive influence of social presence on all three (structural, relational and cognitive) dimensions of social capital. Further, both the relational and cognitive dimensions of social capital have positive influence on the website loyalty.
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Oparaocha, Gospel Onyema. "Towards building internal social network architecture that drives innovation: a social exchange theory perspective." Journal of Knowledge Management 20, no. 3 (May 9, 2016): 534–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-06-2015-0212.
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Purpose This paper aims to contribute toward the extension and further development of the social exchange theory. It provides conceptual insights on social networks in geographically dispersed organizations, and how intra-organizational social interactions influence organizational behavior, employees relationship exchange inclination and innovation drive. Design/methodology/approach A thematic literature review method was used to conduct an extensive review of relevant literature. Findings Guided by the tenets of the social exchange theory, the authors’ analysis and discussions elucidate how intra-organizational social network architecture can be developed, supported and utilized to drive innovations in geographically dispersed organizations. Research limitations/implications A general limitation and perhaps also a strength of this type of conceptual paper is that it is a synthesis (thematic discursive analysis) of existing theory and published research. Thus, there are no primary empirical content. However, the issue of empirical evidence is nevertheless mediated by the fact that the discussions and argumentation process generate key propositions which could be validated in subsequent research endeavors. Also, the selection of relevant literature is restricted specifically to the topic of the study. The authors strived to ensure rigor through a robust and comprehensive literature review which was organized thematically according to all the key words in the main and sub-topics covered in Section 2. Practical implications The insights presented suggest that management should pay serious attention to organizational design – that is, not only from the conventional contractual obligations point of view, but rather, the increasing importance of social capital should also be given some priority when thinking of resilient ways to encourage collaborations and efficient knowledge management. In other words, intra-organizational social network architecture should be considered as organizational capability and utilized as a toolset for the SIHRM to harness knowledge flow and unleash innovation. Social implications As both bonding and bridging ties are not only critical for success of project teams but also intensify knowledge symmetry across different units of the organization, they are a major conduit for sustainable open innovation culture within organization. To develop competitive capabilities throughout the organization, it is important for the SIHRM to be involved in global networking, and as a network leader, the human resource management function must have an awareness of leading trends and developments in social networking. The ability to mobilize the appropriate resources and a sense of timing and context in implementing such architecture within the geographically spread organization is crucial. Originality/value The novel contribution of this paper is twofold. First, the study provides an implementable framework which scholars and practitioners could use to develop and test the actualization of an intra-organizational social network architecture in a geographically dispersed organization. Second, the study has provided some key propositions and a well-grounded direction for further research to inspire further development/extension of the social exchange theory.
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Abd Aziz, Ahmad Shamsul, and Nor Azlina Mohd Noor. "COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT IN SOCIAL MEDIA." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 5, no. 19 (June 15, 2020): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.5190012.
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Social media is a group of Internet-based applications built on the ideology and technology of Web 2.0 and makes communication activities easier and faster. Social media channels would not function without the Internet. However, these facilities cause a massive infringement of copyright on social media platforms. Copyright infringement on social media is primarily about file-sharing activities. These activities that use user-to-friend (P2P) technology have triggered a phenomenon in the Internet world. This P2P network technology enables users to exchange digital files anywhere they like. Indirectly, this technology has brought conflicts on the Internet between copyright owners and users. It is important to note that technology is evolving and does not always conform to the law. Therefore, the disparity between copyright law and technology needs to be bridged. An important issue is whether there are appropriate provisions for copyright infringement on social media. This is because, by law, we need to ensure that we have appropriate provisions regarding copyright infringement issues on social media. This article discusses the provisions of the current Copyright Act 1987 relating to copyright infringement and whether they are appropriate for use on the Internet as on social media sites. This article uses the method of legal research through library research. This article concludes that existing laws are conclusively designed and that the provisions of these provisions cover various types of copyright infringement, including those that occur on social media.
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Tichindeleanu, Ovidiu, Douglas Rogers, Andrejs Ļevkins, Yulia Gradskova, Marina Sokolovskaja, Alexei Golubev, Paul Wolkenstein, Andrey Makarychev, and Dmitrii Bezuglov. "Exchange of Views on the Article “In Search of the Global East” by Martin Müller." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 19, no. 3 (2020): 130–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2020-3-130-166.
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This section presents exchanges between intellectuals from Eastern and Western Europe, Russia, and North America who kindly agreed to read and comment on Martin Mueller’s article “In Search of the Global East”, relying on the situation in their own academic disciplines, work experiences, and the twists and turns of their scientific research and creative challenges. Researchers, academic teachers, exhibition curators, writers, and architects reflect on the power and influence which geographical names exert on academic life, politics, and culture. Starting from Mueller’s article on the Global East, as well as his other text wherein he expresses his skepticism of the concept of post-socialism, the commentators, evaluating Mueller’s arguments critically, raise a number of fundamental questions. Among these questions is the need to historicize scientific concepts, the issue of the regularly-reproducible misunderstanding (or even exclusion) of the East by Western intellectuals, the tasks the inclusion of the Global East in the overall geographical picture will contribute to, as well as the question of whether the concern that the Global East is not sufficiently heard in the world is narrowly academic. This indirect debate between the author of the key text in this thematic issue and his commentators is significant as an episode of the joint search for a more democratic, creative, and inspiring future for the region that unites Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia.
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Mistri, Maurizio. "The Role of Preference Reversals in the Collapse of Fixed Exchange Rate Systems." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 21, no. 3 (September 2009): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x09002100302.
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This paper draws on the structural instability of fixed exchange rate systems, also referring to Bretton Woods and the European Monetary System. In particular, the collapse of such systems is seen as a consequence of, amongst other things, formational and cognitive factors with an emphasis on the processes of preference reversal. Taking a dynamic view of such processes, the intertemporal nature of decisions made on the issue of exchange rate systems can induce electors and governments to reconsider, in time, the importance of certain major objectives they set themselves. A core issue of the analysis is the still unsolved problem of the relationship between inflation and unemployment. Recent financial crises have demonstrated that even governments “ideologically” oriented to a monetarist approach can adopt, in particular situations, Keynesian policies. This occurs for reasons of a social and political order, outside of economic logic. Therefore, in the analysis developed in this paper, attention is focused on informational and cognitive factors. The paper is essentially arranged in three parts. In the first part, we examine the role of the forms of exchange rates, seen as social institutions in act by countries that have a two-objective utility function. Subsequently we examine the question of instability of the system of fixed exchange rates with an approach that is focused on incomplete information. Finally, beyond the role of incomplete information, in the third part we examine the role of distortive factors of a cognitive order that are capable of overthrowing exchange rate preferences.. JEL Classification.: D7, E11, E5, E6.
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Ream, Robert K., and Gregory J. Palardy. "Reexamining Social Class Differences in the Availability and the Educational Utility of Parental Social Capital." American Educational Research Journal 45, no. 2 (June 2008): 238–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831207308643.
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Emergent ethnographic research disentangles “social capital” from other components of social class (e.g., material and human capital) to show how class-stratified parental social networks exacerbate educational inequality among schoolchildren. The authors build upon this research by using survey data to reexamine whether certain forms of parental social capital create educational advantages for socioeconomically privileged students vis-à-vis their less economically fortunate peers. By drawing a distinction between the availability of social capital and its convertibility, the authors find that whereas larger stocks of parental social capital accompany higher rungs on the social class ladder, its educational utility is less clearly associated with class status. A possible exception to this pattern pertains to the educational utility of middle-class parents’ ideas about the collective efficacy of influencing school policies and practices. At issue is whether a more inclusive understanding of the material and sociological reasons for educational inequality can spur educationally useful social exchange among parents across social class boundaries.
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Dewi, I. Gusti Ayu Agung Omika, and I. Gusti Ayu Agung Pradnya Dewi. "Corporate social responsibility, green banking, and going concern on banking company in Indonesia stock exchange." International journal of social sciences and humanities 1, no. 3 (December 23, 2017): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v1n3.65.
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The issue was raised in the present research was related to the influence of Green Banking implementation on the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Going Concern of Banking Companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The study aimed at testing and obtaining empirical evidence on the influence of Green Banking implementation on the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Going Concern on Banking Companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The study applied the secondary data sources and data types used was quantitative data, collected through documentation studies. The data analysis technique used was the Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS) with Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) approach or interaction test. The result of the hypothesis testing showed that the implementation of Green Banking was able to strengthen the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Going Concern on Banking Companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The expected contribution could be obtained from the results of the research was to assist the management in the banking sector in implementing Green Banking related to Corporate Social Responsibility and Going Concern on banking companies, as well as consideration for stakeholders in the banking sector in decision making.
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Senninger, Roman, and Daniel Bischof. "Working in unison: Political parties and policy issue transfer in the multilevel space." European Union Politics 19, no. 1 (October 11, 2017): 140–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116517733819.
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In this study, we examine whether and how policy issues addressed by political parties travel across the national and European legislative arena. We define ‘party policy issue transfer’ as the articulation of similar issues in the work of political parties at different parliamentary venues in short distance of time and argue that issues particularly transfer within the same party. This is mainly so for three reasons: exchange of information between parties across levels, national parties’ attempts to influence European Union policies, and career incentives of representatives at the supranational level. We test our theoretical framework using unique data on parliamentary questions asked by Danish representatives (the Folketing and the European Parliament, 1999–2009) and a dyadic data structure. Our results show that parties’ policy issues—in particular those over which the European Union holds legislative power—transfer across the national and European levels on a regular basis and that issues are more likely to travel within parties.
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Pinter-Wollman, Noa, Alan Penn, Guy Theraulaz, and Stephen M. Fiore. "Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1753 (July 2, 2018): 20170232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0232.
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Built structures, such as animal nests or buildings that humans occupy, serve two overarching purposes: shelter and a space where individuals interact. The former has dominated much of the discussion in the literature. But, as the study of collective behaviour expands, it is time to elucidate the role of the built environment in shaping collective outcomes. Collective behaviour in social animals emerges from interactions, and collective cognition in humans emerges from communication and coordination. These collective actions have vast economic implications in human societies and critical fitness consequences in animal systems. Despite the obvious influence of space on interactions, because spatial proximity is necessary for an interaction to occur, spatial constraints are rarely considered in studies of collective behaviour or collective cognition. An interdisciplinary exchange between behavioural ecologists, evolutionary biologists, cognitive scientists, social scientists, architects and engineers can facilitate a productive exchange of ideas, methods and theory that could lead us to uncover unifying principles and novel research approaches and questions in studies of animal and human collective behaviour. This article, along with those in this theme issue aims to formalize and catalyse this interdisciplinary exchange. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour’.
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Kostek, Robert, and Katarzyna Samek. "Defects of Smartphones reported by users in social media and questionnaires." MATEC Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818202011.
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The main aim of this article is to identify the most frequent damage of Smartphones and problems reported by users in a questionnaire and on social media. Social media are a relatively new issue; they are used by companies to get information about offered products and advertise them. On the other hand, they are used by users to exchange opinion about products and write recommendations; thus these opinions are studied. At the same time planned obsolescence is applied, which makes shorter the replacement cycle. Some of damage and problems observed by users are the results of planned obsolescence. The obtained data were processed statistically.
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Yuan, Chuanyou, and Xing Luo. "A negotiation analysis of risk assessment in community correction from the perspective of exchange structure." Language and Dialogue 11, no. 2 (March 18, 2021): 200–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.00093.yua.
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Abstract Community correction, as a new form of crime punishment towards restorative justice, is being widely practiced in China. This paper, adopting an ethnographic method, explores the exchange structure of risk assessment in community correction by analyzing a dataset of 12 assessments. The study finds that the risk assessment discourse is replete with the informing exchange (formulized as K1^(K2f)) and eliciting exchange (formulized as K2^K1). It further discusses how the canonical structures are invalidated and what variant structures could address the issue. These findings suggest that judicial social workers need to raise their linguistic awareness and offenders need more effective linguistic choices in order to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of risk assessment.
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Bąbka, Jarosław. "Proinkluzyjne walory kapitału społecznego osób z niepełnosprawnością." Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny 64, no. 4 (254 (February 13, 2020): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8462.
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People with disabilities form a group which is threatened by social exclusion. Social sciences are becoming more and more concerned about social capital issues in terms of creating programmes for social inclusion of various marginalised groups. The paper discusses selected concepts of social capital according to James Coleman, Nan Lin, Francis Fukuyama and Robert D. Putnam. The author of the paper has made a comparative analysis of the results of various authors’ research on the social capital of the non-disabled (fully-fit) and the disabled in terms of: (1) social networks, (2) social trust, (3) compliance with social rules, social exchange and cooperation, (4) communication skills and (5) feeling of physical and mental health. The paper presents argumentation on a macrosystem, mesocosm and microsystem level justifying the need to use social capital as a theoretical support for creating social inclusion network in relation to the disabled. The issue is to leave a charity and paternal model applied in the activities for persons with disabilities and to follow the model of inclusion and participation. The discussion is supplemented by a description of challenges that special education is facing in terms of further research work on social capital.
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Seferaj, Bajram. "PROPERTY RIGHT: SOCIAL OWNERSHIP IN KOSOVO - ON THE LEGAL STATUS OF CONSTRUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL LAND." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 31, no. 5 (June 5, 2019): 1551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij31051551s.
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The Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo recognizes and protects the property right on property, as well as the use of property in accordance with the public interest regulated by law. Both the cadaster and the RDPP are established and are in operation in the Republic of Kosovo. Right to Send is a branch of civil law that regulates legal relationships that have objects that are not found in the exchange process. Property is an important institution in human society and has dual economic and legal significance. Ownership as an economic meaning means acquisition of material goods, while ownership in a legal sense means the collection of legal norms that regulate this exploitation. A general view on the right to property and especially the issue of ownership in Kosovo with a special emphasis on the legal status of construction and agricultural land. This paper deals with some of the key issues that are the main factors of the problems in the field of civil law in Kosovo.
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Kovaleva, Мaria N., Nadezhda V. Mrvich, Elena V. Pakhonina, Tatiana I. Sinitsyna, and Dmitriy V. Shibaev. "On the issue of practice-oriented education in distance learning." SHS Web of Conferences 103 (2021): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110302012.
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This article discusses the challenges of implementation and organization of practice-oriented education in the format of distance learning. The distance format included all spheres of life, thus promoting implementation of federal program of digital economy of the Russian Federation. The study is based on collection, analysis and generalization of data of the Russian and foreign experience of distance learning, including the technologies of artificial intelligence, virtual practices, education in the pandemic environment. Adaptation to the innovative distance format of communications revealed certain challenges, which should be investigated separately. The aim of this article is to determine and to propose optimum methodological solutions for practice-oriented education during learning of social humanitarian disciplines. The result of this work is a set of methods used for distance learning oriented at formation of professional competences for social humanitarian disciplines. Neural interfaces, digital educational platforms, digital didactics can be attractive for digital economy, business, investments. The significance of the work is in that the rich practice of various educational structures, experience of teachers, practicians and theoreticians, exchange at various discussion sites would allow to find the optimum solution to allowable usage of distance learning regarding the Russian Federal Educational Standard as well as development of methodological apparatus of social humanitarian disciplines.
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KUBIAK, SHERYL P., and EDITA MILANOVIC. "Prison as a Site for Experiential Learning in Social Work: Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program." Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18084/1084-7219.22.1.143.
Full textAbstract:
Across the globe, the United States has the largest number of individuals incarcerated, and these individuals are disproportionately of minority status and economically disadvantaged. The extent of the issue makes it important to social work, but many social work programs lack opportunities for students to more fully appreciate the social justice implications of our criminal justice policies. The Inside-Out (IO) Prison Exchange Program provides students with a unique opportunity to learn alongside incarcerated people inside a prison. Through weekly class meetings, and group projects over the semester, inside and outside students learn about each other as well as the course content. In this article, we discuss what IO entails and our experiences developing an IO program in social work. The goal of this article is to illuminate the process of starting an IO program and demonstrate its transformative impact on students, inside and outside.
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Robinson, Laura, Kuo-Ting Huang, Jeremy Schulz, Cara Chiaraluce, Aneka Khilnani, and Elisha Johnston. "The Multifaceted Impact of COVID-19: Health, Emotions, Well-Being, and Risk Assessment." American Behavioral Scientist 65, no. 14 (October 15, 2021): 1895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027642211051616.
Full textAbstract:
Analyzing diverse and rich data on the COVID-19 pandemic, this issue of the American Behavioral Scientist offers important insights into health and risk assessment in a time of unprecedented crisis in the 21st century. This issue explores health, emotions, and well-being vis-à-vis the pandemic and its societal impacts. Across the articles, we see the complex ways that this global health crisis has consequences for individuals and groups as they engage in risk assessment and grapple with the secondary effects of the pandemic. Within this issue, we observe the importance of information exchange, networks and relationships, emotional and economic well-being, and risk perception. All of these phenomena converge in the myriad ways that the COVID-19 pandemic forces people to reevaluate everyday activities in consequential life realms. As the issue as a whole illuminates, human emotions and risk assessment are powerful forces that prompt practices and behaviors even in a time of public health crisis.