Dissertations / Theses: 'Social issue behaviours'

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Griffin, Deborah, and N/A. "Social Issue Exchange: An Exploration of Determinants and Outcomes." Griffith University. Department of Marketing, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070910.111229.

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It has been argued that marketing contributes to society by finding solutions to a diverse range of social issues. Importantly, research within the (social) marketing domain recognises that the concept of exchange is a fundamental aspect of influencing people to take on positive social issue behaviours (Andreasen, 1995; Rothschild, 1999). However, regardless of the influence of social marketing, ultimately the behavioural exchange resides with the individual. This infers that exchange can be considered from the individuals (i.e., consumers) point of view, of intrapersonal or self-exchange (Gould, 1994). Furthermore, the conditions that facilitate or constrain this form of exchange are found within the individual and relate to for example, individual differences. However, in recent years there has been limited interest in exchange theory within the marketing domain and, in particular, exchange as a fundamental consumer behaviour phenomenon (Anderson et al, 1999; Gould, 1994). This study seeks to extend current consumer behaviour and social marketing knowledge in the areas of exchange theory and personality. Based on an examination of the extant literature, a model of determinants and outcomes of Social Issue Exchange was developed and empirically tested. The Social Issue Exchange Model proposed in this study accounts for a number of associations which includes a representation of personality termed pro-social orientation along with social issue involvement, attitude toward social issues, subjective assessment of negative consequences and feelings. The determinants of social issue exchange included the multi-component variable pro-social orientation comprising the traits risk aversion, locus of control, consideration of future consequences, susceptibility to normative influence and social responsibility along with the variables social issue involvement and attitude towards social issues. The outcomes of social issue exchange include the variables of subjective assessment of negative consequences and feelings. The study adopted a quantitative methodology using an Internet administered questionnaire that allowed for the measurement of the determinants and outcomes of social issue exchange. The construction of the questionnaire followed a sequential process which involved developing new measures, utilising and adapting existing measures and then pre-testing these measures to ensure the development of a psychometrically sound and respondent-friendly survey instrument. The final survey used Excess Alcohol Consumption and Speeding social issues as stimuli for the study. Data collection resulted in 1146 (comprising 559 for Speeding social issue, and 587 for Excess Alcohol Consumption social issue) useable surveys for subsequent analysis. Analysis included a number of statistical procedures including correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis and tests of the model via Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. Overall, the findings provided support for the proposed Social Issue Exchange Model. In terms of the measurement model, the findings show that pro-social orientation accounted for different amounts of variance in the five traits, with consideration for further consequences accounting for the most variance and susceptibility to normative influence accounting for the least. In terms of the inner model, all the hypothesised paths were supported with the exception of attitude towards social issues and social issue exchange. A comparison of the smaller models (i.e., Speeding and Excess Alcohol Consumption) with the overall model indicated that largely the relationships were consistent, with the exception of social issue involvement and attitude towards social issues which was not supported in the Excess Alcohol Consumption model. The findings provide a number of theoretical and practical implications for research. From a theoretical perspective, broadening the concept of exchange to account for self-exchange in the context of social issue behaviours contributes to the body of knowledge on exchange. Moreover, aggregating traits to form the multi-component construct pro-social orientation takes a holistic approach to personality and thereby, provides greater clarification of the psychological processes that drive individuals to respond positively or negatively to social issues and associated behaviours. From a practical perspective, this study may lead to a better understanding of how personal characteristics can shape an individuals response to social issues as well as their behaviours. In summary, the importance of understanding the processes that influence individuals social issue behaviours provides a justification for this study. Accordingly, this study offers valuable insights into how exchange is an integral feature of individual behaviour change, as well as positive social change for society.

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2

Griffin, Deborah. "Social Issue Exchange: An Exploration of Determinants and Outcomes." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367920.

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Abstract:

It has been argued that marketing contributes to society by finding solutions to a diverse range of social issues. Importantly, research within the (social) marketing domain recognises that the concept of exchange is a fundamental aspect of influencing people to take on positive social issue behaviours (Andreasen, 1995; Rothschild, 1999). However, regardless of the influence of social marketing, ultimately the behavioural exchange resides with the individual. This infers that exchange can be considered from the individual’s (i.e., consumer’s) point of view, of intrapersonal or self-exchange (Gould, 1994). Furthermore, the conditions that facilitate or constrain this form of exchange are found within the individual – and relate to for example, individual differences. However, in recent years there has been limited interest in exchange theory within the marketing domain and, in particular, exchange as a fundamental consumer behaviour phenomenon (Anderson et al, 1999; Gould, 1994). This study seeks to extend current consumer behaviour and social marketing knowledge in the areas of exchange theory and personality. Based on an examination of the extant literature, a model of determinants and outcomes of Social Issue Exchange was developed and empirically tested. The Social Issue Exchange Model proposed in this study accounts for a number of associations which includes a representation of personality termed pro-social orientation along with social issue involvement, attitude toward social issues, subjective assessment of negative consequences and feelings. The determinants of social issue exchange included the multi-component variable pro-social orientation comprising the traits risk aversion, locus of control, consideration of future consequences, susceptibility to normative influence and social responsibility along with the variables social issue involvement and attitude towards social issues. The outcomes of social issue exchange include the variables of subjective assessment of negative consequences and feelings. The study adopted a quantitative methodology using an Internet administered questionnaire that allowed for the measurement of the determinants and outcomes of social issue exchange. The construction of the questionnaire followed a sequential process which involved developing new measures, utilising and adapting existing measures and then pre-testing these measures to ensure the development of a psychometrically sound and respondent-friendly survey instrument. The final survey used Excess Alcohol Consumption and Speeding social issues as stimuli for the study. Data collection resulted in 1146 (comprising 559 for Speeding social issue, and 587 for Excess Alcohol Consumption social issue) useable surveys for subsequent analysis. Analysis included a number of statistical procedures including correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis and tests of the model via Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. Overall, the findings provided support for the proposed Social Issue Exchange Model. In terms of the measurement model, the findings show that pro-social orientation accounted for different amounts of variance in the five traits, with consideration for further consequences accounting for the most variance and susceptibility to normative influence accounting for the least. In terms of the inner model, all the hypothesised paths were supported with the exception of attitude towards social issues and social issue exchange. A comparison of the smaller models (i.e., Speeding and Excess Alcohol Consumption) with the overall model indicated that largely the relationships were consistent, with the exception of social issue involvement and attitude towards social issues which was not supported in the Excess Alcohol Consumption model. The findings provide a number of theoretical and practical implications for research. From a theoretical perspective, broadening the concept of exchange to account for self-exchange in the context of social issue behaviours contributes to the body of knowledge on exchange. Moreover, aggregating traits to form the multi-component construct pro-social orientation takes a holistic approach to personality and thereby, provides greater clarification of the psychological processes that drive individuals to respond positively or negatively to social issues and associated behaviours. From a practical perspective, this study may lead to a better understanding of how personal characteristics can shape an individual’s response to social issues as well as their behaviours. In summary, the importance of understanding the processes that influence individuals’ social issue behaviours provides a justification for this study. Accordingly, this study offers valuable insights into how ‘exchange’ is an integral feature of individual behaviour change, as well as positive social change for society.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department of Marketing
Griffith Business School
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3

Magnusson, Åsa, and Lina Nyqvist. "Girls' and boys' pathways to norm-breaking behavior: A critical review of an old issue." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-480.

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ÖREBRO UNIVERSITET

Institutionen för beteende-, social och rättsvetenskap

Socionomprogrammet, C-uppsats, socialt arbete 41-60 p

Höstterminen 2005

Åsa Magnusson & Lina Nyqvist

Flickors och pojkars vägar in i normbrytande beteende: En kritisk litteraturstudie av ett omdiskuterat fenomen

Sammanfattning

Ungdomar har i alla tider engagerat sig i normbrytande beteende och de har visat sig vara den mest kriminellt aktiva gruppen i samhället. Studiens syfte är att undersöka flickors och pojkars vägar in i ett normbrytande beteende med fokus på relationer, samt att utröna hur diskussionen om könsspecifik behandling gestaltas i forskning. Syftet innefattar även att kritiskt granska framkomna resultat utifrån feministisk teori. Studiens metod bygger på en litteraturstudie i form av tre genomgående teman: vägar in i normbrytande beteende, interpersonella relationer och könsspecifik behandling som i resultatet är redovisade var för sig. I diskussionen förs ett resonemang kring resultaten där de kopplas samman med feministisk teori och teorin om sociala band. Studiens viktigaste resultat är att vägen till ett normbrytande beteende är en komplex process där många olika faktorer påverkar huruvida ett normbrytande beteende utvecklas eller ej. Interpersonella relationer har stort inflytande på ungdomars utveckling. Relationerna verkar inte påverka flickor och pojkar på samma sätt, vilket är en följd av att flickor och pojkar uppfostras olika beroende på biologiskt kön. Dessa könsskillnader avspeglar sig även i könsspecifik behandling. Behandling tycks i allmänhet baseras på könsstereotypa föreställningar vilket ingetdera av könen verkar gynnas av.

Nyckelord: ungdom, genusteori, normbrytande beteende, interpersonella relationer

ÖREBRO UNIVERSITY

Department of Behavioral, Social and Legal Sciences

Education of Social Work, C-thesis in Social Work, 41-60p

Fall Semester 2005

Åsa Magnusson & Lina Nyqvist

Girls’ and boys’ pathways to norm-breaking behavior: A critical review of an old issue

ABSTRACT

Historically, youths have always been engaged in norm-breaking behavior (NBB), with adolescents being the most criminal active group in society. The behavior, however, seems to differ in aspects of gender. This study investigates the pathways to NBB, emphasizing the influence of interpersonal relationships. The aim is also to examine what characterizes gender-specific treatment in literature, and furthermore to bring a critical feminist view on reviewed research results. The study is based on a literature review design to enable a whole picture of the topic. In the review different pathways to NBB is described, followed by the role of interpersonal relationships and characteristics of gender specific treatment. In essence, evidence seems to show that the pathway to NBB is a process where several different factors contribute jointly in shaping such behavior. However, interpersonal relationships seem to play an important role in influencing the behavior of the adolescent, though the influence appears to differ in aspects of gender due to the socialization process where girls and boys are brought up differently, which in turn is reflected in gender-specific treatment. Research indicates that treatment in general is based on stereotyped gender assumptions, which might be disadvantageous for both girls and boys.

Keywords: juvenile, gender theory, norm-breaking behavior, interpersonal relationships

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Tavares, De Lima David Patricia. "Toward a Theory of Behaviour Change in Social Marketing." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/381654.

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Contemporary societies all over the world face issues that have been characterised as “wicked problems”. Wicked problems are difficult to define and are ingrained in complex systems, with numerous stakeholders involved. Although the causes of such problems cannot be easily delineated, they commonly can be associated with the practice of preventable behaviours at the individual level. An example is sedentary behaviours, which combined with an unhealthful diet can lead to problems like obesity, diabetes type 2 and more (World Health Organization, 2015c). Obesity is considered to be one of the leading causes of mortality globally. In Australia, for example, almost two thirds of the population are considered to be overweight or obese (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2016). A few examples of other important societal issues are harmful alcohol consumption, environmental degradation, and smoking, among others (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). There is an urgent need for effective interventions that can achieve positive behaviour change to decrease the incidence of these issues. Social marketing is a discipline that utilises the tools and techniques of commercial marketing to combat social issues delivering programs valued by citizens and communities (Gordon, 2011). The ultimate goal of social marketing is to change behaviours for the better of society, by influencing people to engage in the desired behaviour. Social marketing is considered to be an effective approach to tackle social issues, and it has been applied to a range of behaviours, the most common being health (Gordon, McDermott, Stead, & Angus, 2006). Social marketers developed a set of principles that can improve social marketing programs’ effectiveness, named the Social Marketing Benchmark Criteria (SMBC). There are eight elements, which combined, can generate behaviour change, namely: behaviour change, audience orientation, insight, segmentation, exchange, marketing mix, theory, and competition. This research focusses on theory in social marketing, and the core criterion behaviour change. Theory provides a structured framework that can serve as a guide to practitioners in the development and implementation of social marketing programs, as well as to researchers. Researchers argue that theory use is fundamental to achieve successful programs (Eagle et al., 2013; Lefebvre, 2001). However, evidence in the literature shows that theory use is scarce (Luca & Suggs, 2013; Truong, 2014; Truong & Dang, 2017) and the majority of theories applied in social marketing are borrowed from other fields. Furthermore, even when theory is reportedly used, it is unclear how theory is applied to the research (Pang, Kubacki, & Rundle-Thiele, 2017). An examination of the most commonly used theories employed in the social marketing discipline show that they approach behaviour as a static phenomenon limiting research attention to behaviour and not behavioural change. Since social marketing’s core is behavioural change and theory should provide guidance on to how to achieve change, theories used in social marketing must be behaviour change, and not behaviour, theories. The overarching aim of this thesis is to take a first step toward developing a theory of behaviour change in social marketing. This thesis starts by understanding the process of behaviour change, and empirically examines how behaviour change differs from behaviour. Additionally, this thesis empirically examines determinants of behavioural change, and applies different methodologies to assess change. More specifically, the purpose of this research is to; first, understand whether behaviour and behavioural change are conceptually and empirically distinct; second, explore the multifaceted characteristics of behaviour change, and empirically test what are the determinants of behaviour change; and third, test the potential of a dynamic methodology to empirically examine change in social marketing. To achieve the aims of this project, three studies were conducted. Study 1 involved a conceptual and operational distinction of the concepts of behaviour and behavioural change. This study aimed to illustrate with empirical evidence from one case study, that determinants of behaviour may not the same as determinants of behavioural change. The method chosen for statistical analysis in Study 1 was multiple linear regression using time point 2 for analysis of behavioural determinants, and change scores for dependent (DV) and independent variables (IV) to examine behavioural change and its determinants. Findings from this study demonstrate that the two concepts are distinct. Empirical evidence shows that when a static model was examined in the context of walking to and from school behaviour, determinants of the behaviour at time point 2 were intentions and barriers to walk to and from school. The dynamic model, analysing only changers and using change scores as IVs and DV, found that a change in injunctive norms was statistically significant in explaining change in walking to and from school. Study 2 was an empirical exploratory study that aimed at examining which determinants were associated with behaviour change, by looking at the different types of behaviour change. Study 2 also applied multiple linear regression for statistical analysis. A series of tests were performed to examine the complexities and different forms of looking at behavioural change. To assess behavioural determinants in a physical activity context, a static model was first tested. Next, a series of tests to explore behaviour change were undertaken. First, a model testing explanation of change using static variables at time point 1 was conducted. The second model involved using change scores for dependent and independent variables to examine a completely dynamic behavioural change model. Lastly, due to change being dynamic and having different directions, two models testing the determinants of different types of behaviour change, namely undesired (negative changers only) and desired (positive changes only) were conducted. Findings indicate that behaviour change should not be treated as one thing. The key outcome of this study is that care should be taken when assessing change, since determinants differ for the different types of change. Study 3 aimed to investigate the potential of a dynamic methodology, the Hidden Markov Model, to simultaneously assess determinants of both behaviour and behavioural change for social marketing. Due to the complex nature of behaviour change, a methodology that can capture the dynamics of change, such as different behavioural states, change rates and directions of change is needed. Study 3 involved an empirical examination to explore the potential of using the Hidden Markov Model to assess behaviour change in social marketing. This research contributes to the literature by advancing social marketing theoretical enquiry beyond static behavioural explanation and prediction, representing a move beyond dominant cross-sectional research designs evident in downstream social marketing studies. Thus, this research takes a first step toward the development of a Theory of Behaviour Change. A future program of work that aims to expand research focus towards the factors that can explain behaviour change aligns theory more closely to social marketing’s end game, namely behavioural change.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dept of Marketing
Griffith Business School
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5

Reader, Simon Matthew. "Social learning and innovation : individual differences, diffusion dynamics and evolutionary issues." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.344085.

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Laffan, Kate. "Issues relating to behaviour, wellbeing and the environment." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3709/.

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As issues of environmental degradation intensify, the interdependency between humans and the natural environment is coming more and more into focus. In particular, questions about the importance of environmental quality for human wellbeing and about how to mitigate the serious negative impacts humans are having on the environment are of ever-increasing significance. The current work addresses these issues in four empirical papers, split into two separate parts. The first section focuses on the first question, exploring the links between air quality and individual wellbeing. Paper 1 presents a spatially detailed analysis of the relationship between air pollution and a range of measures of subjective wellbeing (SWB), providing a rich picture of how the air pollution individuals are exposed to relates to how they feel. Paper 2 uses mediation analysis to investigate the behavioural production process which converts air pollution into ill-being, providing insights into the role of physical activity and visits to the outdoors play as mediators. The second part of this thesis addresses the second question. Paper 3 investigates the relationship between proenvironmental behaviour (PEB) and a range of SWB measures, shedding light on the wellbeing consequences of PEB for the individual undertaking it and providing insights into strategies to encourage it. Paper 4 tests two interventions which target electricity consumption in a hall of residence in London, providing evidence of an effective approach to reduce individuals’ environmental impact. Taken together, the results of the papers present evidence of psychological and environmental win-wins which can arise from living in and helping to create a better natural environment.

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LaFreniere, Katherine Carol, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Management. "The decision making process for social issue behaviors : a stakeholder perspective / Katherine Carol Lafreniere." Thesis, Management, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2611.

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This study argues that Stakeholder Theory (Mitchell, Agle, & Wood, 1997) can be applied from the stakeholder‘s perspective in order to understand how stakeholders perceive their claims in an organization and consequently decide how to influence an organization. Using this audience-centric perspective, organizations can influence the stakeholder‘s claims and ultimately how the stakeholder will support the organization. These arguments are supported based on the case of farmers who voted in the 2007 water transfer agreement between the Municipality of Rocky View and the Western Irrigation District (WID). Personal interviews, employing Narrative Research, were conducted to document the participant‘s interpretations. The interview transcripts were analyzed in order to test and expand Stakeholder Theory as well as determine how marketers can use this perspective to successfully target different groups of stakeholders. This understanding contributes to potential management effectiveness because it explains how managers can deal with multiple stakeholder interests.
vii, 82 leaves ; 29 cm

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Coen, Stephanie. "NEXUS Portal Vol. 3, No. 3 (Summer 2009) ~ Special issue on youth health." NEXUS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15374.

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9

Isaksson, Emelie, Caroline Ståhl, and Emma Bertilsson. "Children's uncontrollable behaviour : A qualitative study of how social workers in Heidedal, South Africa works with the issue." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för beteendevetenskap och socialt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-37670.

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The preconditions for social work changes rapidly in South Africa and the country is characterized by pervasive inequality with extremes of wealth and poverty. Access to employment is difficult in rural areas and this leads to large-scale unemployment and poverty in the country. One area with these problems is the community Heidedal in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Uncontrollable behaviour with children is also a big and increasing issue in the community. The aim of this thesis is to investigate what the term uncontrollable behaviour implicates and how social workers within Heidedal work towards children’s uncontrollable behaviour in the community. This through our chosen theoretical framework, the theory of individual- and community empowerment. The study was carried out through an microethnographic approach, based on semi-structured interviews with social workers coming from four different organisations in Heidedal, together with observations in the area. The focus of the analysis was on separating the material into themes that answer the research aim by using influences from a qualitative content analysis. Uncontrollable behaviour was therefore investigated through specific themes connected to the theory. The findings presented five overlooking themes: Uncontrollable behaviour, Influencing factors on uncontrollable behaviour, Main methods, Main approaches and Work environment. The main findings within this study reveals that uncontrollable behaviour can devolve upon several different things and therefore the social workers in Heidedal are dealing with the issue with many different methods and approaches which will be revealed and discussed in this thesis. From the findings the term “uncontrollable” will furthermore be discussed and questioned. In conclusion the result showed upon the importance of a combination of the two types of empowerment addressed in this thesis; personal empowerment and community empowerment as an alternative way to deal with the issue with uncontrollable behaviour regarding children. This to reach a long term solution, in relation to environmental and socio-economical vulnerable areas that these children operate in.
Förutsättningarna för socialt arbete är ständigt föränderliga i Sydafrika och landet kännetecknas av genomgripande ojämlikhet med ytterligheter av rikedom och fattigdom. Tillgången till sysselsättning är begränsad i områden på landsbygden och detta leder till storskalig arbetslöshet och fattigdom i landet. Ett område med dessa problem är samhället Heidedal i Bloemfontein, Sydafrika. Okontrollerbart beteende hos barn är också ett stort och ökande problem i samhället. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad termen okontrollerbart beteende innebär och hur socialarbetare i Heidedal arbetar med barns okontrollerbara beteende i samhället. Detta genom vår valda teoretiska referensram, teorin om individuell- och community empowerment. Studien genomfördes med ett mikro-etnografiskt förhållningssätt och baserades på semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialarbetare från fyra olika organisationer i Heidedal, samt observationer i området. Fokus i analysen var att dela in materialet i olika teman som besvarar syftet med studien genom att använda influenser från en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Okontrollerbart beteende hos barn undersöks vidare genom specifika teman kopplade till denna teori. Upptäckterna i denna studie visade på fem övergripande teman: Okontrollerbart beteende, Påverkansfaktorer på okontrollerbart beteende, Huvudsakliga metoder, Huvudsakliga förhållningssätt och Arbetsmiljö. De huvudsakliga upptäckterna i denna studie visar att okontrollerbart beteende hos barn kan vara en följd av flera olika faktorer och därför arbetar socialarbetare i Heidedal med frågan genom många olika metoder och tillvägagångssätt, vilka kommer att belysas och diskuteras i denna studie. Utifrån resultatet kommer också termen “okontrollerbar” vidare att diskuteras och ifrågasättas. Sammanfattningsvis visade resultatet på vikten av en kombination mellan de två typer av empowerment som nämns i denna studie; personlig empowerment och community empowerment, som ett alternativt sätt att hantera problemet med okontrollerbart beteende hos barn. Detta för att nå en långsiktig lösning, i relation till de miljömässigt och socioekonomiskt sårbara områden som dessa barn befinner sig i.

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Coen, Stephanie. "NEXUS Portal Vol. 3, No. 2 (Spring 2009) ~ Special issue on knowledge exchange." NEXUS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15375.

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Aylott, Nicholas. "Strategy, ideology and party behaviour : the Swedish Social Democrats and the issue of European integration." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389102.

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Daube, Marc. "Essays on issues in climate change policy." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12023.

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This thesis addresses three themes relating to climate change. The first is which types of fossil fuel to leave in the ground when they can differ in both their extraction cost and emissions rate. The analysis shows that without resource constraints there will always be use of at least one fossil fuel in the steady-state. With exhaustion constraints, any fossil fuel that has a lower extraction cost than the marginal cost of the backstop will be extracted in finite time regardless of the emissions rate. The only environmental consideration is the timing of extraction rather than leaving fossil fuel stock in the ground forever. The second theme is how altruistic concern of individuals for the well-being of others influences the socially optimal consumption levels and optimal emissions tax in a global context. If individuals have altruistic concern but believe that their consumption is negligible, they will not change their behaviour. However, non-cooperative governments maximising domestic welfare will internalise some of the damage inflicted on other countries depending on the level of altruistic concern individuals have and the cooperative optimum also changes as altruism leads individuals to effectively experience damage in other countries as well as the direct damage to them. Still, for behaviour to change, individuals need to make their decisions in a different way. The third chapter develops a new theory of moral behaviour whereby individuals balance the cost of not acting in their own self-interest against the hypothetical moral value of adopting a Kantian form of behaviour, asking what would happen if everyone else acted in the same way as they did. If individuals behave this way, then altruism matters and it may induce individuals to cut back their consumption. But nevertheless the optimal environmental tax is exactly the same as the standard Pigovian tax.

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Andronic, Liviu. "Shareholder Engagement and Corporate Behavior : The Case of Environmental and Social Issues." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10023/document.

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Cette thèse doctorale traite des investissements socialement responsables sous plusieurs aspects. Nous cherchons tout d'abord à déterminer comment les entreprises répondent à l'engagement des actionnaires sur des problématiques environnementales et sociales. Notre analyse s'est effectuée sur un ensemble de données recensant les propositions des actionnaires lors des assemblées générales des entreprises du S&P 1500. À travers cette analyse nous tentons de mesurer l'impact du vote ou du retrait d'une proposition sur la performance extra-financière de l'entreprise. Après avoir contrôlé d'éventuels problèmes d'endogénéité, nous constatons une association positive entre la soumission de propositions à la fois environnementales et sociales au cours d'une même année et l'amélioration de la performance extra-financière de l'entreprise, à court et à long terme. Les résultats indiquent qu'un engagement actionnarial fort sur des problématiques diverses peut conduire à des changements dans la performance extra-financière des entreprises. Nos travaux de recherche s'attachent également à étudier les dynamiques de vote sous-jacentes aux propositions des actionnaires. Nous essayons de déterminer comment les propositions sur des thématiques similaires, votées (ou retirées) par le passé ou dans la même année, peuvent affecter le résultat du vote pour une proposition d'aujourd'hui. Les résultats obtenus montrent que lorsqu'une thématique a déjà fait l'objet d'une proposition actionnariale par le passé, une nouvelle proposition dans le cadre de cette même thématique recueillerait moins de soutien de la part des actionnaires aujourd'hui. Par ailleurs, un niveau de soutien faible de la part des actionnaires pour une proposition dans le passé signifierait un soutien actionnarial plus réduit pour une proposition dans une thématique similaire aujourd'hui. Nous cherchons aussi à voir dans quelle mesure les informations ESG sont intégrées dans les flux d'informations financières, et notamment à déterminer si les analystes financiers prennent bien en compte l'information extra-financière dans leurs projections financières. Nous constatons que les analystes financiers s'attendent à ce qu'une amélioration dans les avantages sociaux de l'entreprise se traduise par une baisse des bénéfices par action (EPS) à court terme, alors que cet effet n'apparaît pas lorsqu'on se base sur l'EPS réalisé, ce qui laisserait penser que les analystes financiers se trompent dans leurs estimations. Cependant, une diminution des défaillances sur le plan social (i.e. une amélioration de la politique sociale de l'entreprise) se traduit à la fois par une amélioration de l'EPS estimé mais également une hausse de l'EPS réalisé. Par conséquent, les analystes financiers semblent anticiper correctement les impacts positifs générés par l'amélioration dans les défaillances sur le plan social, qui est alors perçue comme un signal positif pour la performance financière de l'entreprise
In this thesis we examine several aspects surrounding socially responsible investing. First we look into firms' response to shareholder engagement on environmental and social topics. Using data on shareholder-sponsored proposals in S&P 1500 firms, we investigate whether following a voted or withdrawn proposal there are changes in the extra-financial performance of firms. After controlling for endogeneity concerns, we find that being targeted on both environmental and social topics in the same year is associated with improvements in extra-financial performance, both in the short term and in the long term. The results suggest that shareholder engagement on a broad set of issues, as well as stronger shareholder pressure, is more conducive to changes in the extra-financial performance of firms. Further we study the dynamics of voting on shareholder proposals, specifically how past or concurrent votes (or withdrawals) on similar issues may affect a vote on a proposal in the present. We find that when a shareholder-sponsored proposal on a similar issue has already been discussed in the past, such a proposal would gather less shareholder support in the present. Moreover, a low level of past voting support for proposals on similar topics would induce a reduced voting support in the present. In addition we also attempt to quantify whether ESG information is being incorporated into the financial flows of information. More specifically, we seek to determine whether financial analysts incorporate extra-financial information into the financial forecasts. We find that overall financial analysts expect improvements in social strengths to translate into lower earnings per share (EPS) in the short term, whereas this effect isn't detected when using realized EPS, suggesting that the analysts may be wrong in their estimations. A decrease in social concerns (i.e. an improvement) is however reflected in both improved EPS forecasts and an improved realized EPS, suggesting that financial analysts are correct in perceiving positive shifts in (the largely exogenous) social concerns as a positive signal for the firms' financial performance

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Danquah, Lisa Odoso. "Measuring hand washing behaviour in low income settings : methodological and validity issues." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/166585/.

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Significant global health attention and promotion has been focused on hand washing with soap due to the clear benefits observed in promoting and ensuring child health. However, the measurement and evaluation of hand washing behaviours remains complex. The Sanitation, Hygiene Education and Water Supply in Bangladesh Programme (SHEWA-B) is a large project being implemented by the Government of Bangladesh and UNICEF. This research assessed methodological issues of measuring hand washing behaviours through comparison of structured observation and responses to cross-sectional survey measures (spot-check observation, selfreported hand washing and a hand washing demonstration) and discusses the suitability of indicators. Focus group discussions with fieldworkers were also conducted. The results of this study indicate that hand washing behaviours were over-reported compared with structured observation findings. This implies that current estimates of hand washing from large scale surveys, for example, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) are also likely to be overestimates. In about 1000 households, approximately 1% or less of female caregivers were observed to wash their hands with soap or ash before preparing food, before eating, and 3% before feeding a child. Hand washing with soap was higher for defecation related events with approximately 29% of female caregivers using soap two thirds or more of the time after cleaning a child’s anus/disposing of a child’s stools and 38% used soap two-thirds or more of the time after defecation. Soap was observed at the hand washing location in about 50% of the households but actual practice was much lower. Reported knowledge was high; approximately 90% identified the important times for hand washing as being before eating and after defecation and approximately 50% identified before preparing food and after cleaning/changing a baby. The measurement of hand washing is complex and there has been limited research into the validity of different measurement methods. This research used an epidemiological style approach using the concepts of screening/diagnostic testing and calculation of kappa statistics to assess validity. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that self report hand washing measures are subject to over reporting. Structured observation provides useful information on directly observed hand washing behaviours and the frequency of behaviours. Spot check methods of soap and hand washing locations also provide more optimistic data than observations and can be used as an alternative to structured observation. In addition, the use of questions on the 24 hour recall of soap and other self report questions on knowledge and the availability of spare soap demonstrate potential for use as potential indicators as an alternative to structured observation. Further validation of measurement methods is required in different country settings.

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Perez, Glendon Emily L. "Cultivating Liberation within a Verbal Community: Evaluating the Effects of Collective Shaping on Written Narratives and Reflective Statements about Social Issues." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707343/.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects that a training workshop and collective shaping had on the reflective statements and feeling and emotion labels in a written response to videos relating to social issues. The workshop included a presentation interspersed with videos to help practice dialoguing and guide discussion toward generating discourse for social change. The effects of the workshop were evaluated using a single subject A – B design with multiple probe measures across three participants. Participants were given a prompt to write a descriptive narrative in response to a video clip, creating a permanent product for quantitative and qualitative analyses. The study resulted in slight increasing trends for both reflective statements and feeling and emotion labels for Participants 1 and 2. Further analyses show that Participant 3, despite showing little change across reflective statements and feeling and emotion labels, showed significant increase and more stability in the percentage of total words within reflective statements. The results of the workshop are discussed in the context of future research, including the role of social issues in our everyday language and how that affects us at a personal level.

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Love, Alexandra K. "An Evaluation of Effects of Collective Shaping on Perspective Taking and Social Empathy Statements Related to Social Justice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707351/.

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Prejudice establishes coercive contingencies that restrict human rights and diminish quality of life. Social media has made the oppression experienced by individuals more apparent. Perspective taking and empathy can change prejudicial behavior by fostering relationships and encouraging self-identification with those who are different from ourselves. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a guided collective shaping program on the occurrence of perspective taking and empathetic responses when viewing social justice media. The effects of the workshop were evaluated using a multiple baseline design across workshop topics. Written responses to video clips were analyzed before, during, and after training. The results of the study were inconclusive. The results of the training, based on the responses measured, indicate an increase in one measure of perspective taking and no changes in the other measures. At the same time, anecdotal observations indicated a change in the way participants talked about the issues over the course of the training. The results are discussed within the context of response form measurement, the COVID-19 pandemic, and potential research directions.

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Grigoryan, Lusine. "Corporate Social Responsibility and its Impact on Purchasing Behavior." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262325.

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The awareness and concern regarding social and environmental issues is growing among representatives of the business sector and they cannot eliminate the impact that they have. Corporate Social Responsibility is a complex strategy to govern the whole process of doing business. The objective of the Diploma Thesis is to prepare comprehensive analysis of current CSR practices in the Czech Republic and find out what type of impact the socially responsible practices of a company can have on a customers behaviour. The used literature represents pervious findings in the field, mainly researches done among Czech customers. In the practical part personal interviews with the company representative will be held in order to examine practical implications of CSR practices for the biggest brewery; Anheusher-Busch InBev.

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King, Simon. "Parties, issues and personalities : the structural determinants of Irish voting behaviour from 1885 to 2000." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367533.

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Morris, Gabrielle N. "Cultivating Liberation: The Effects of Collective Shaping on Context and Power Dynamics within Social Justice Narratives." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707279/.

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Social issues are becoming increasingly apparent. More people are experiencing the impact of social issues directly and through their media consumption. It is important to understand and reflect on our collective impact on the media and how the media affects the collective. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a collaborative workshop (collective shaping) and a verbal community that examined media depictions of social justice and injustice related to context and power dynamics. The effects of the workshop were evaluated using an A-B design with multiple probe measures across three participants. During the pre-, probe, and post-training assessments, participants watched videos and responded to a written prompt. Results of the study suggest that written responses were not adequately trained during the workshop. However, anecdotally, participant's verbal responding shifted drastically during the training workshop. The results are discussed within the context of the training apparatus, effects the workshop had on the participants and researchers, and progression forward.

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Kelleher, Shannon R. "Teachers’ Beliefs About Mental Health Issues." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/16.

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This study examined teachers’ beliefs about mental health issues in students. A quantitative research method was utilized, and survey instrument was created modeled after the theory of planned behavior. Thirty-seven teachers were surveyed in five areas in relation to their beliefs about assessment and referral; including, previous assessment and referral; mental health training; attitudes toward assessment and referral; the perceived social normality of assessment and referral; and perceived self-efficacy or behavior control. These five areas became independent variable measures, with the dependent variable being their future intention of assessing and referring students with mental health issues. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the overall model was statistically significant in predicting teachers’ intention to assess and refer students; however, independent analysis of independent variable revealed teachers’ attitudes, past behavior, and accesses to mental health training were most the most significant predictors of future intention. Implications of this study highlight the need qualified mental health professionals to be present in schools and/or expanded training of teachers.

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Mata, Antonia V. "Do Mothers Have A More Difficult Time Coping With Their Child's Challenging Behaviors When They Were Using Drugs, Than They Do When They Are Sober." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/288.

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The research focus of this study hoped to answer: “Do mothers have a more difficult time coping with their child’s challenging behaviors when they were using drugs, than they do when they are sober?” Mothers using street drugs may have challenges with their children after using drugs, whether illegal or legal (like alcohol or methadone). Mothers may have challenges during drug use with these children, but are the challenges the same once mothers are clean and sober? This research took on the positivist paradigm in hopes to answer this question. The researcher got an understanding of these challenges by asking questions about the drugs used during and after pregnancy, and the challenges they had with their child’s behavior while using drugs as opposed to the challenges they have with child’s behavior while sober. These questions were asked at the Coachella Valley Rescue Mission where many women are referred and mandated by the courts, or Child Protective Services, behind past or current substance use. Results of these findings indicated that there was a reduction in problematic behaviors that seemed to be correlated with mother’s sobriety

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Medina, Denisse. "LATINO PARENT PERCEPTION IN SCHOOL INVOLVEMENT AND BEHAVIOR ISSUES IN THE ELEMENTARY CLASSROOM." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/534.

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The purpose of this study was to explore whether Latino parent perception of their involvement in their elementary child’s education affect their child’s behavior in the classroom. Previous research has demonstrated that parent involvement in education enhances the academic, socioemotional, and behavioral outcomes of children (Matingly et al., 2013). The current study utilized the qualitative method to examine Latino parent perception of school involvement and its relationship to child’s classroom behavior. Results from interviews were transcribed and analyzed. Findings of this study suggest that a relationship exists between parent perception of involvement in child’s education and child’s classroom behavior. Findings revealed three major themes: perception of parent involvement, communication and barriers. Results may bring awareness to the Latino community of how parent involvement can impact behavior and lead to mental health implications. Findings may influence social workers to change school policies, develop new programs and to refer them to adequate services.

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Borgen, Linda, and Louise Henriksson. "A cultural comparison of attitudes toward global warming issues." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Pedagogik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20012.

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SummaryThis study intends to give the reader explanations of attitudes regarding the importance of global warming issues and modification of behaviors in order to mitigate problems. Measurements of optimism, locus of control and self-esteem have been used as mediat-ing factors. Data is collected from Indonesia and Sweden through questionnaires.BackgroundGlobal warming problems are today one of the most important missions politicians together with scientists have to resolve, and this includes an economic division of re-sponsibility worldwide. Psychology has a huge role in order to understand and change individuals' attitudes toward global warming issues.ObjectiveOur purpose with the study is to explore cultural differences in attitudes regarding global warming, specifically regarding the importance of global warming issues and regarding modification of behaviors in order to mitigate problems.MethodWith the use of questionnaires a quantitative study was conducted in the two cultures Indonesia and Sweden. Measurements of individualism/collectivism, Locus of control, Optimism and Self-esteem were used as mediating variables between culture and attitudes regarding global warming.ResultIndonesian respondents found global warming issues to be more important, than Swedish respondents. Swedish respondents were more willing to modify their behavior in order to mitigate global warming problems, than Indonesian respondents.

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Söderholm, Linda, and Jenny Olofsson. "The Effect of Corporations’ Irresponsible Actions on Young Consumers’ Purchasing Behavior in the FMCG Apparel Industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227308.

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Background and Problem: CSI is a topic with a limited amount of research despite it being a very relevant issue and that its counter pole CSR is one of today’s most popular subjects to study. In both areas there is a gap in the literature regarding the apparel industry where there CSI can be evident in many different aspects, especially in the production process. In the FMCG market, the demand for apparel that has been produced ethically has increased over the years. Still, the importance that the consumers place on ethical attributes in their purchase decisions is rather unknown. Purpose: The study's purpose is to investigate the young consumers’ emotions towards FMCG apparel corporations in order to see if CSI actions give them a negative attitude. It will further be explored to see if the attitude towards the corporations reflects in their intentional purchase behavior and their actual behavior. This will provide insight to the young consumers’ knowledge and interest for CSI, aiding corporations in their quest for excellence when it comes to consumer relationships. Method: This research is done through a deductive, qualitative research. A literature review is done to create a great understanding to the concepts of CSI, consumer attitudes and planned behavior. Four focus groups are conducted as a base for the empirical findings. Further, these two chapters are compared in an analysis to get an understanding about the young consumers’ attitudes towards corporations acting unethically and the affects it may have on their planned behavior. Conclusion: Based on the analysis, the study found clear evidence that the participants have a negative attitude towards corporations’ CSI activities. However, these attitudes did not, as theory suggests, have any effect on the participants’ intended and actual purchasing behavior. Instead it is shown that young consumers base their decisions on contextual factors, where the most significant one is price.

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Yastrow, Nurit. "Fostering Appropriate Behavior: Issues, Challenges, and Strategies for Foster Families Raising Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1208804603.

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Di, Natali Nicole, and Matthildur Ivarsdottir. "Perception meet Reality : A pilot study of the self-congruence of female online shoppers." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-811.

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The goal of this research is to better understand the gap between the consumer's actual self image versus their perceived ideal image; in which, could help an online retail company to respond more effectively and provide a better service to its target customer with an added goal of reducing the rate of returns. A two-phased mixed methods approach was applied to this research to test for participants perceived and actual ideas of themselves, as well as their attitudes towards ideals. The first phase consisted of manual measurements taken and recorded, following a semi-structured interviewed. The second phase consisted of a 3D scan (digital measurements) taken and recorded followed by a four question survey comprising of three Likert questions, and one open ended question, concluding with researcher observations noted. The results showed that while the participants were mostly congruent with regards to size, they were mostly incongruent with regards to shape, and had zero congruence between the actual and the ideal self. All participants also experienced varying levels of fit issues with several areas mentioned, though pants/bottoms being the number one fit struggle. All participants expressed interested in the 3D scanning technology, felt it was easy to use, but there was a lack of continuity between participant self-reported survey answers, and their verbal answers as well as research observations.

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Renton, Michelle Susan. "Influencing consumer perceptions of a social issue: an experiment on the effects of credibility of the source, message sidedness and inward/outward focus on consumer attitudes toward genetically modified foods." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/874.

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This thesis aims to increase understanding of New Zealand consumer reactions to messages promoting genetically modified food products (GMFs) and to determine how the manipulation of three persuasion variables, message sidedness, source credibility and inward vs. outward focus impact upon consumer attitudes. To achieve this aim, the study integrated two frameworks, Bredahl's, (2001) determinants of attitudes towards GMFs and Wansink and Kim's, (2001) strategies for educating consumers about GMFs, into a new model. To empirically examine the model, a web-based experiment using a 2x2x2 between-subjects factorial design was conducted. The experiment exposed participants to one of eight treatment groups containing a promotional message for Genetically Modified foods. The participants then completed an on-line questionnaire detailing their responses to the messages. A total of 380 useable questionnaires were collected from a national sample of consumers and analysed using ANCOVA. The results of the study suggest that the outwardly focused, two-sided message was more powerful at lowering perceptions of risks, raising perceptions of benefits and positively influencing attitudes toward the ad than either the one-sided, outwardly focused message, or the inwardly focused messages of either sidedness condition. For purchase intentions individual differences appeared to be of greater influence than message factors.

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Teerlink, Elise Ann. "Impact of Peer Praise Notes Issued During Recess: Effects on Office Disciplinary Referrals." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5588.

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School recess can be a problematic setting due to inadequate safety, supervision, and structure. Peer praise notes (PPNs) is a school-wide positive behavior support strategy that was implemented during recess to address these concerns at a Title I elementary school. An ABAB reversal design across all students was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of PPNs. Overall changes in office disciplinary referrals (ODRs) in each phase of the design, an effect size that reflects a highly effective treatment, and a moderately strong and statistically significant negative correlation suggest that PPNs decreased ODRs. Results from social validity surveys completed by eight recess aides and 88 students indicated that participants had positive perceptions of PPNs improving student behavior and peer relations, communicating playground rules, extending supervision responsibilities, and offering structured activity to peer praisers. Students' perceptions were overall more positive than the recess aides' perceptions. Limitations, future research, and implications are addressed.

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Duku, Eric K. "Assessing Early Child Development: Issues of Measurement Invariance and Psychometric Validity." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24097.

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The measurement of reliable and valid indicators of early child development is necessary for assessing phenomena and is useful in the monitoring of ongoing efforts to eradicate inequalities in the social determinants of health. There is an increasing awareness of the contextual, cultural, and developmental influences on constructs used in early child development (ECD) research. Using a measurement perspective, this dissertation examined the issue of measurement invariance and psychometric validity in early child development research. A construct violates the principle of invariance when two persons from different populations who are theoretically identical on the construct being measured have different scores on it. This dissertation consists of three journal-style manuscripts (published or under review) that were used as examples to address the importance of the issue of measurement invariance and psychometric validity in ECD research using data from two unique areas: autism and executive functioning. The three data sets were collected on pre-school children with parents and or teachers as informants and were chosen to represent different levels of data collection – clinical, community, and population. These data sets allowed for the examination of measurement invariance by type of informant, sex, and age of child. The results from the three studies illustrate the importance of assessing measurement invariance in ECD and whether or not the instruments examined can be used to assess sub-group differences with confidence. A lack of measurement invariance found for two of the studies, suggests that observed group differences in latent constructs could be attributed, in part, to measurement bias. More importantly, bias in the measurement of the constructs of severity of social impairment symptoms in autism, and executive functioning across groups could have an impact on services such as patient treatment. These biases could also influence public policy development, particularly when there may be an underlying need for a cross-group approach where belief systems may affect the meaning and structure of constructs. In summary, measurement invariance should be a prerequisite for making any meaningful comparisons across groups. A requirement of establishing measurement invariance should be included in the guidelines for comparative research studies as a necessary first step before an instrument is adopted for use.

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Kalinoski, Zachary Thomas. "Recognizing the Implicit and Explicit Aspects of Ethical Decision-Making: Schemas, Work Climates, and Counterproductive Work Behaviors." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1339789100.

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ALIBERTI, DANIELA. "Le dinamiche di social evaluation di individui ed organizzazioni nei field istituzionali culturali e creativi." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/96133.

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Questa tesi di dottorato ha l’obiettivo di analizzare i processi attraverso cui individui ed organizzazioni costruiscono la loro posizione e la loro valutazione nel contesto di field istituzionali culturali e creativi. La tesi contiene tre capitoli che rappresentano tre distinti lavori di ricerca. Le analisi empiriche svolte sono incentrate sui settori del cinema (primo capitolo), della quality television (televisione ‘di qualità’, serie televisive) e della musica indipendente negli Stati Uniti. In tutti i lavori di ricerca sono stati utilizzati database longitudinali e metodi quantitativi e qualitativi. Nel primo capitolo, si analizza come gli scandali personali (di natura sessuale e non sessuale) influenzino la costruzione della peer recognition. Si prendono anche in considerazione gli effetti degli stereotipi legati al genere e dei comportamenti orientati alla valorizzazione delle diversità (solidarietà femminile), per comprendere come questi influiscano sulla peer recognition, insieme agli scandali, nell’ambito della valutazione degli attori di Hollywood (candidatura all’Oscar), nel lasso temporale 2003-2018. Nel secondo capitolo, viene teorizzato il processo di nascita e di consolidamento di un field interstiziale (interstitial issue field), attraverso l’analisi del caso del field nato tra la musica indipendente e la quality television negli Stati Uniti, dal 2003 al 2018. Si delineano le caratteristiche della infrastruttura istituzionale del field emerso, si definisce il ruolo lavoro degli attori istituzionali (institutional work) e degli spazi interstiziali (interstitial spaces). Nel terzo capitolo, i field istituzionali della musica indipendente e della quality television sono ulteriormente esaminati, tra il 2013 e il 2018, attraverso una indagine della collaborazione tra i due field, nell’ utilizzo di un album indipendente nella soundtrack di episodi di una serie televisiva. La ricerca mira a comprendere gli effetti della collaborazione sulla valutazione di un prodotto del field della musica indipendente (album indipendenti) che collabora con un field più ‘commerciale’ (quality television).
This doctoral thesis aims at shedding light on the processes by which individuals and organizations negotiate their structure, position, and evaluation, within the context of creative and cultural fields. It contains three chapters that represent three research studies. The empirical analyses undertaken throughout the research pieces are focused on the fields of cinema (first chapter), quality television, and independent music (second and third chapter) in the United States. For all of them, longitudinal databases are employed, and both quantitative and qualitative methodologies are utilized. In the first chapter, the role of personal (sexual and non-sexual) scandals for peer recognition is investigated. The research focuses on how scandals, gender stereotypes, and engagement in diversity-valuing behaviors (female solidarity) affect peer recognition for Hollywood actors (nomination of actors for an Oscar), in the time frame 2003-2018. In the second chapter, the process of emergence and consolidation of an interstitial issue field is theorized, by exploring the case of the field that emerged between indie music and the quality television in the United States from 2003 to 2018. In the analysis, the features of the institutional infrastructure of the emerged field, with the role of institutional actors and of interstitial spaces, are taken into consideration. In the third chapter, the fields of independent music and quality television in the US are further examined, between 2013 and 2018, by focusing on the patterns of evaluation of one field’s products (independent music, independent albums) when this field interacts with the other (quality television) – that is, when independent albums are featured in quality television episodes.

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Jollivet, Charly. "Archives, archivistique et logiques d'usage dans les territoires issus de la colonie de Madagascar de 1946 à nos jours." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0077.

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Entre 1960 et 1975, à la faveur du processus de décolonisation, deux pays indépendants et un territoire resté français succèdent à l’ancienne colonie de Madagascar. La question de l’évolution des systèmes archivistiques dans cette zone, de leur éventuelle diversification et de leur actuel degré de maturité, est posée dans ce contexte. À Madagascar, aux Comores comme à Mayotte, de louables intentions en faveur des archives peinent à se concrétiser, notamment faute de crédits et de stabilité politique. Les appareils archivistiques échouent à préserver toutes les archives et la collecte porte principalement sur le central au détriment du local. Un public existe mais il demeure majoritairement composé de personnels administratifs et de particuliers dont le besoin documentaire se borne souvent à la consultation du Journal officiel. La réussite d’autres types de recherches se heurte à l’éparpillement des fonds et au manque d’outils de recherche. L’observation des logiques d’usage confirme la surreprésentation des usages administratifs, la faiblesse de la sollicitation généalogique et l’existence de stratégies de contournements des organismes de conservation officiels. À côté d’eux ou hors d’eux, des initiatives privées de sauvegarde et valorisation des archives existent. Elles prouvent l’intérêt qu’y porte une partie de la population, y compris expatriée. Au-delà de ces traits communs, trois destins archivistiques se distinguent : un système malgache encore en construction reposant sur des Archives nationales déjà fortes ; une normalisation progressive à Mayotte sur un modèle départemental ; la faillite du modèle comorien qui bloque tout développement archivistique
Between 1960 and 1975, thanks to the decolonization process, two independent countries and one remaining French territory succeeded the former colony of Madagascar. The question of the evolution of the archival systems in this area, their potential diversification as well as their current maturity, is raised in this context. In Madagascar, in the Comoros as in Mayotte, the creation of archives has not materialized yet and still remains a commendable intention, which results from a lack of funding and because of political instability. Archival organizations fail to preserve all archives and collection focuses on the central level at the expense of the local one. A demand for them exists, but those who show an interest are largely composed of administrative staff and individuals whose documentary needs are often limited to consulting the Official Journal. The success of other research approaches is limited because of the scattering of funds and lack of research tools. Observations of user behaviors confirm the overrepresentation of administrative staff, the weak genealogical research and the existence of circumvention strategies of official conservation organizations. Beside them or out of them, private initiatives of backup and valorization of archives exist. They prove that a part of the population is interested in it, including expatriates. Beyond these common features, three archival destinies stand out : a Madagascan system still under construction based on already strong National Archives ; a gradual normalization in Mayotte on a departmental model; the failure of the Comorian model which hampers all archival development

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Riseley, Rebecca. "Perception of Risk of Depression: The Influence of Optimistic Bias in a Non-Clinical Population of Women." Thesis, Victoria University, 2005. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/462/.

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Mental illness including depression has been estimated to account for 11% of the world's disease burden with the expectation that this figure will rise to in excess of 15% by the year 2020 (AIHM, 2002; Australian Health Ministers, 1998). Women have been reported to be twice as likely as men to experience depression, making depression a significant public health issue for women. How individuals perceive themself to be at risk has important implications for understanding help seeking behaviour and in turn, diagnosis and treatment outcomes. A number of factors have been identified in the physical health literature that account for the way perception of risk is conceptualised. The present study was designed to explore perception of risk of depression from the perspective of optimistic bias. The work of Weinstein (1980) and Moore and Rosenthal (1996) identify factors such as perceived seriousness, perceived control, stereotyping, perceived commonness, knowledge of a sufferer, perceived knowledge of the illness and attitude to the illness, as potentially influencing a person's perception of personal risk. Weinstein (1980) developed a model for integrating these factors, called optimistic bias. This model has been studied in relation to perception of risk for cancer, sexually transmitted diseases and other physical illnesses, but not in relation to mental illness. Two conceptualizations of optimistic bias were tested in this study, i) as a series of semi-independent illness specific constructs, and ii) as a global personality construct. The value of the Weinstein model for predicting perception of risk of depression was explored in relation to three physical illnesses (HIV/AIDS, Diabetes and Breast cancer). In addition women's conceptualizations of depression were explored in relation to depressive status and ability to recognize typical symptoms of depression. A non- clinical sample of one hundred and five women over the age of 18 were recruited with each participant required to complete a series of questionnaires that were quantitatively analysed. The model of optimistic bias as a series of semi-independent (state) constructs did significantly predict perception of risk for depression, accounting for 27.8% of the variance. The personality model of optimistic bias was also significant for predicting perception of risk of depression, but significantly less powerful accounting for only 8.2% of the variance. Part of the analysis for this study involved a replication of the work by Moore and Rosenthal (1996) utilising both descriptive and inferential data analyses to determine which variables predicted perception of risk of depression with two factors, perceived control and knowledge about the illness, revealed to be most significant. This study found that the illness specific model was more applicable to depression than to physical illness. Perception of risk was demonstrated by the comparative profiles to be different for each illness with the women in this study able to list a number of categories of stereotypical sufferers. A frequency analysis was also conducted to explore the similarities and differences in conceptualisation of the illnesses. Results indicated that 57% of women within the sample reported levels of clinical depression. Evidence emerged that among those who reported clinical levels of depression a subset were unable to recognise depression. A woman's depressive status and her ability to recognise depression from a scenario appeared to influence perception of risk. These results highlight important theoretical and applied implications for health promotion as well as the treatment and management of depression.

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Gaillet-Torrent, Marie. "Quels apports des méthodologies issues de la psychologie cognitive pour comprendre le comportement alimentaire ? : impact d'un amorçage olfactif." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995273.

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Il est maintenant bien établi en psychologie qu'une part significative des comportements et des choix sont influencés par des processus non-conscients. Les comportements alimentaires n'échappent pas à cette règle. L'objectif de cette thèse consistait à adapter et utiliser des méthodologies et les avancées issues de la psychologie cognitive pour étudier les comportements alimentaires. A cette fin, un paradigme d'amorçage a été utilisé. L'amorçage repose sur le fait que la perception d'un stimulus (l'amorce), qu'elle soit consciente ou non, peut entrainer une modification du traitement d'un autre stimulus (la cible), et aboutir à une modification du comportement. Evolutivement et fonctionnellement étroitement liée à l'alimentation, l'olfaction s'avère être une modalité particulièrement intéressante pour l'étude d'effets d'amorçage implicites sur des comportements alimentaires. Quatre études ont été mises en place pour étudier les effets d'odeurs alimentaires sur des choix alimentaires et des consommations. Pour la première fois, nous avons apporté des preuves scientifiques montrant : (1) qu'une odeur de fruit non-consciemment perçue peut avoir un impact sur les intentions de choix et sur les choix en situation réelle de consommation chez des adultes " sains ", les guidant vers plus de fruits ou légumes ; (2) qu'une odeur de viande diffusée peu de temps avant le déjeuner semblerait pouvoir augmenter la consommation du plat principal chez des personnes âgées atteintes de la maladie d'Alzheimer. L'ensemble de ces résultats vient appuyer l'idée que l'utilisation d'amorces (olfactives) alimentaires conduirait à l'obtention d'effets " amorce-spécifique "

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Newton, Eric. "Building rapport in mediation| A study of the application of intercultural competencies in a Midwestern mediation center." Thesis, University of the Pacific, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10140628.

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In today’s world, people from various cultures interact on a daily basis on a number of occasions. During these intercultural encounters, conflicts often arise. Intercessors are needed to help people navigate these types of disagreements. Mediators are considered some of these peacekeepers. This thesis engaged with mediators at a mediation center in the Midwestern United States in order to understand what strategies seemed most effective.

I examined the research that scholars have conducted regarding building rapport through utilizing respect and face issues, as well as nonverbal behavior. In addition, I explored the connection between the understanding of these factors and intercultural competence and intercultural conflict competence.

The purpose of this thesis was to see how these mediators understood and valued respect and face issues, including nonverbal behavior, when building rapport with parties in mediations. These mediators were engaged in two manners, via survey and interview questions. The intercultural competence of the mediators in these domains was also explored.

The results of the research in this thesis showed how the mediators were skilled in some areas, such as in rapport building and respect issues. It further revealed that they were in need of some skills for their toolbox, such as training on face issues and nonverbal behavior, including silence, tone of voice, and eye contact. Detailed recommendations for the mediators are provided. Future research is encouraged: A group of mediators that have exhibited intercultural competence should be selected in order to test their intercultural conflict competence.

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Fong, John. "Electronic word-of-mouth and country-of-origin effects a cross-cultural analysis of discussion boards /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/28611.

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Thesis by publication.
Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, Macquarie Graduate School of Management, 2008.
Bibliography: leaves 124-133.
Introduction - Literature review -- Online word-of-mouth: a comparison of American and Chinese discussion boards -- Electronic word-of-mouth: a comparison of stated and revealed behaviour on electronic discussion boards -- A cross-cultural comparison of electronic word-of-mouth and country-of-origin effects -- Conclusion.
The growth of electronic discussion boards has enabled consumers from different cultures to communicate with people of similar interests. Through this online channel, marketing concepts such as word-of-mouth (WOM) and country-of-origin (CoO) effects have the potential to become more important because of the potentially large number of participants involved. The US and China, being the largest and second-largest online population in the world respectively, are ideal countries to investigate the frequency and extent of these marketing concepts. --The thesis consists of three separate but inter-related papers which have been published in journals or have been accepted for publication. Each paper builds on the one before and analyses different aspects of online consumer behaviour such as information-giving, information-seeking and the CoO statements made by participants of discussion boards. By examining and comparing the frequency and content of discussion postings on discussion boards within US and China based websites, the thesis makes a comparison of the information-giving and information-seeking behaviour of the discussants and also looks at the extent and the content of CoO statements made. Online observation of discussion postings from six different discussion boards (three each from the US and China) was conducted over two 90-day period in 2004 and 2005 and a total of 5,993 discussion postings were downloaded for analysis. In addition, an online survey of 214 participants was conducted to compare the stated and actual (or "revealed") behaviour of discussants on the US and China based discussion boards. -- Overall, the findings indicate consistent differences over a 12-month period in the bahaviour of the US and Chinese discussants. The US discussants were found to provide more information than their Chinese counterparts while the Chinese discussants exhibited more information-seeking bahaviour on the discussion boards. The findings also indicate that the Chinese discussants demonstrated more negative CoO statements and these statements were observed to be related to Japan and/or brands that originated from Japan. The findings suggest that such negative CoO statements can increase rapidly online and it appears that the negative sentiments by the Chinese were apparently unrelated to product quality; instead they appear to have been predominantly associated with war related animosity. -- These findings have important implications for marketers selling to the Chinese as discussion boards appear to be more important as a source of information for the Chinese than the Americans. Also, given that the Chinese discussants demonstrated a high level of negative CoO statements relating to products from Japan, marketers selling Japanese products to the Chinese must understand the underlying issues related to these negativeCoO statements and take steps to prevent non-purchase of Japanese products.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
vii, 133 leaves ill

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McKevitt, Brian Conner. "Observations and ratings of children's social behavior issues of representativeness and validity /." 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/41237188.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1998.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-77).

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Figueiredo, Catarina Duque Teixeira de. "Chinese consumer behavior, trust issue, and the 1979 One Child Policy." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/20704.

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Oliveira, Raquel Sofia Alves. "Collaboration and competition in groups of humans and robots: effects on socioemotional and task-oriented behaviors." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/17273.

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Advancements in technology have allowed the emergence of novel forms of social interaction. More specifically, in the last decades, the emergence of social robots has triggered a multidisciplinary effort towards achieving a better understanding of how humans and robots interact. In this dissertation, our goal was to contribute towards that effort by considering the role of goal orientation displayed by the robot (i.e. competitive vs. cooperative) and the role displayed by each player (partners and opponents). Sixty participants engaged in a typical Portuguese card-game called Sueca (two robots and two humans). Each participant played three games with each of the other players and the goal orientation was manipulated by the set of pre-validated verbal utterances displayed by the robot. The interactions were video-recorded, and we used a coding scheme based on Bales Interaction Process Analysis (1950) for small groups to analyze socioemotional positive, negative and task-oriented behaviors. A MultiLevel Modelling analysis yielded a significant effect of the role for all dimensions. Participants directed more socioemotional positive and task-oriented behaviors towards the human playing as a partner than as opponent and also interacted more with the other human in comparison to both robots. Comparing both robots, participants displayed more positive and task-oriented behaviors when interacting with robots as opponents than as partners. These results suggest the occurrence of different behavioral patterns in competitive and collaborative interactions with robots, that might be useful to inform the future development of more socially effective robots.
O desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias tem proporcionado a emergência de novas formas de interação social. Mais especificamente, nas últimas décadas, o desenvolvimento de robôs sociais tem despoletado um esforço interdisciplinar orientado para o estabelecimento de uma melhor compreensão acerca da forma como pessoas e robôs interagem. Com esta dissertação, pretendemos contribuir para esse esforço considerando o efeito da orientação estratégica exibida pelo robô (i.e. competitivo vs. colaborativo) e o efeito do papel assumido pelos jogadores (parceiro ou oponente). Sessenta participantes jogaram à Sueca (dois robôs e dois humanos). Cada participante jogou três jogos em parceria com cada um dos outros jogadores e a orientação estratégica foi manipulada através do conjunto pré-validado de interações verbais exibido pelos robôs. As interações foram filmadas e analisadas usando o guião de análise sugerido por Bales (1950) que inclui interações socioemocionais negativas, positivas e relacionadas com a tarefa. Uma análise Multi-nível dos resultados revelou um efeito principal do papel para todas as dimensões. Os participantes dirigiram mais comportamentos positivos e relacionados com a tarefa para os humanos no papel de parceiros do que oponentes e interagiram mais frequentemente com o humano do que com os robôs. Os participantes também direcionaram mais interações positivas e relacionadas com a tarefa para os robôs quando estes assumiram o papel de oponentes, em comparação com quando jogaram como parceiros. Estes resultados sugerem a ocorrência de diferentes padrões comportamentais quando interagindo com robôs competitivos e colaborativos que poderão ser úteis para informar o desenvolvimento de robôs mais socialmente eficazes.

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Lindstrom-Forneri, Wendy. "Safety Awareness For Elderly Drivers (SAFE): the development and evaluation of an educational intervention on age-related driving issues and safe driving behaviours for older drivers." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1993.

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Maintaining independence is a primary reason that many older drivers continue to drive. Safety, however, is a growing concern for all older drivers. Numerous studies have noted that many older drivers lack an awareness of their driving abilities and driving safety issues for older adults. Identifying the awareness level of older drivers from a theoretical standpoint is important. The current educational interventions for older drivers show promising results and suggest that educational programs can impact older driver knowledge, self-reported awareness, and behaviours. However, rarely have older drivers with cognitive deficits been included. This research study fills a gap in the current literature regarding the utility of a theoretically-based intervention program to increase older driver awareness, improve attitudes towards driving, and increase behaviours around older driver safety. The purpose of this research study was to develop, pilot, and examine the effectiveness of a novel, theoretically based, in-class education program entitled “Safety Awareness for Elderly Drivers” (SAFE) for older drivers both with and without cognitive impairment. The SAFE education program was based on five relevant models/theories: 1) Driving as an Everyday Competence, 2) Hierarchical Awareness Theory, 3) Toglia & Kirk’s Awareness Model, 4) Theory of Planned Behaviour, and 5) Transtheoretical Model. A convenience sample of 47 current older drivers aged 70 years or older currently contemplating changing their driving behaviours and their passengers were recruited and randomly assigned. Participants in the intervention group received the group education session, while those in the treatment as usual control group received a copy of the Insurance Board of British Columbia’s “Roadsense for Driver’s” handbook. We measured general knowledge, awareness of individual driving abilities, attitudes, intention to change driving behaviours, driving behaviours, and readiness to change before, immediately after the intervention (intervention group only), and at 2-month follow-up. Results indicated that the “Safety Awareness for Elderly Drivers” education program was well received by older drivers. The education program demonstrated immediate impacts, such as increased knowledge of older driver safety issues (general level awareness), increased individual awareness, and some changes in attitude and intentions toward changing driving behaviours. Older drivers with mild cognitive impairment showed similar benefits from the education program. However, the program did not appear to be more effective than the review of a drivers handbook available though ICBC in follow-up, with most follow-up measures being similar to baseline. Implications of this research and further research suggestions for older drivers are discussed.

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Moretto, Caio Fernando. "“Why would I go?”: Application of the theory of planned behavior in motivation to learn from diversity training." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/23748.

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Due to diversity increasing in the workplace, companies have been trying different structures of Diversity Programs to create inclusive environments. An important part of those programs is the Diversity Training, but it is still not clear how to engage and motivate employees to participate in training sessions. In that way, to contribute with current literature, this study aimed to examining the employees’ motivation to learn from a Diversity Training, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Focused in inquire employees of Portuguese organization (N=219) levels of attitudes toward attending diversity training, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control and if those factors could predict motivation to learn from Diversity Training. To access those factors, the authors created a questionnaire, based in Wiethoff (2004). The results showed that all the studied factors scores are positively related to motivations to learn from diversity training scores. Besides that, through Structural Equation Modeling, we could confirm a good model fit between the model and the results, which is important, being this work the model’s first empirical study. It also demonstrated that when all factors interact and are analyzed together attending to TPB, attitudes and subjective norms have even a stronger predictive power in employees’ motivation to learn from Diversity Training. Those findings had important implications, mainly to provide information to organizations that desire to design more focused Diversity Programs.
Devido ao aumento da diversidade no local de trabalho, as organizações têm buscado diferentes estruturas de Programas de Diversidade, na busca de ambientes mais inclusivos. Uma parte importante desses programas é a Formação em Diversidade, mesmo ainda existindo o desafio de envolver e motivar os funcionários a participar em sessões de formação. Contribuindo para a literatura atual, este estudo visou analisar a motivação dos trabalhadores para aprender numa Formação em Diversidade e utilizou a Teoria do Comportamento Planeado (TCP). Concentrou-se em inquirir empregados/as de organizações portuguesas (N=219) em termos de atitudes referentes à participação de formações em diversidade, normas subjectivas e controlo comportamental percebido, e se esses fatores poderiam prever a motivação para aprender em Formações em Diversidade. Para aceder a esses factores, os autores criaram um questionário, baseado na proposta teórica de Wiethoff (2004). Os resultados mostraram que todos os preditores estudados se relacionaram positivamente com os índices apresentados em motivação para aprender em Formação em Diversidade. Além disso, através de Modelos de Equações Estruturais, pudemos obter um bom ajuste entre o modelo e os resultados, o que é importante, devido a este ser o primeiro estudo empírico da proposta. A análise também demonstrou que, quando todos os preditores foram analisados em conjunto atendendo à TCP, as atitudes e normas subjetivas tiveram um poder preditivo mais forte na motivação dos trabalhadores para aprenderem em formações em diversidade. Os resultados tiveram implicações importantes, principalmente para fornecer informação a organizações que desejem conceber Programas de Diversidade mais focalizados.

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Renton, Michelle Susan. "Influencing consumer perceptions of a social issue : an experiment on the effects of credibility of the source, message sidedness an inward/outward focus on consumer attitudes toward genetically modified foods : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marketing at the University of Canterbury /." 2008. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20080224.171227.

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Pinho, Andreia da Silva. "Prematuridade e desenvolvimento : o perfil comportamental de um grupo de crianças em idade pré-escolar." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/22871.

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Sendo que o número de prematuros tem aumentado nos últimos anos, tornou-se pertinente estudar as consequências são apresentadas em crianças com idade pré-escolar, sendo que é uma idade de bastantes mudanças na sua vida. Objetivo: pretendeu-se com este estudo caracterizar o perfil comportamental de um grupo de crianças com muito baixo peso e extremo baixo peso e explorar a relação entre este perfil e fatores de risco biológico e ambiental. Procedimentos e participantes: utilizaram-se dois instrumentos, a Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) e a Escala de Desenvolvimento de Ruth Griffiths (EDMRG), para a obtenção do perfil comportamental e desenvolvimental das crianças. A amostra é constituída por 16 crianças, sendo 9 do sexo feminino e 7 do sexo masculino. Resultados: As crianças apresentam valores normativos ao nível do perfil comportamental e desenvolvimental. Relativamente às crianças com menos de 100gr e com mais de 100gr foi possível observar que não existe associação a problemas de externalização. Em relação às habilitações dos pais, profissão e idade dos mesmos não se observou associação a problemas de comportamento.
Since it is the number of premature infants has increased in recent years, it has become pertinent to study how consequences are presented in pre-school children, being that it is an age of quite a few changes in their life. Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the behavioral profile of a group of very low weight and low weight children and to explore a relationship between this profile and biological and environmental risk factors. Procedures and participants: Two instruments, a Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a Ruth Griffiths Developmental Scale (EDMRG), were used to obtain the role and experimental experiences of children. A sample comprised of 16 children, 9 of whom were female and 7 were males. Results: As children free of normative values, take on the role of work and develop. In relation to children less than 100gr and over 100gr, it was possible to observe that there is no association with externalization problems. Regarding the parents' qualifications, profession and age, there is no association with behavioral problems.

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Lomba, Vera Luís. "Comportamentos pró-ambientais no trabalho: O efeito interactivo de barreiras normativas e atitudinais." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20483.

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Conciliando a preocupação com a sustentabilidade do planeta – psicologia ambiental – com a responsabilidade social das organizações – psicologia organizacional –, neste trabalho investigou-se a forma como comportamentos pró-ambientais voluntários são percepcionados e executados no contexto de trabalho. Baseado na teoria do foco normativo de Cialdini e colaboradores (1990, 1991), articulada com a taxonomia de normas de Thøgersen (2006), é estudado o potencial efeito barreira do conflito normativo e da ambivalência atitudinal na adesão a estes comportamentos. Num estudo correlacional a uma amostra de trabalhadores Portugueses (N=210), maioritariamente não desempenhando cargos de chefia (80.5%), foram medidas as normas descritivas e injuntivas de colegas e chefias, a ambivalência face às políticas ambientais organizacionais e o comportamento próprio pró-ambiental. Os resultados mostraram uma relação positiva entre a norma pessoal e a norma descritiva e o comportamento pró-ambiental. Controlando o efeito destes preditores, mostrou-se também que a ambivalência atitudinal modera a relação entre conflito normativo (das normas descritivas) e comportamentos pró-ambientais, sendo esta relação mais forte nos trabalhadores ambivalentes. Conclui-se que ao percepcionar que colegas e chefia não estão igualmente mobilizados para a adesão a comportamentos pró-ambientais voluntários torna menos provável a adesão do trabalhador aos mesmos comportamentos, nomeadamente quando é sentida ambivalência face às políticas ambientais da organização. Este estudo enfatiza a importância de as organizações promoverem políticas ambientais mais explícitas, incentivando a adesão de todos os colaboradores.
Reconciling the concern with the sustainability of the planet - environmental psychology - with the social responsibility of organizations - organizational psychology –this work investigates the way voluntary pro-environmental behaviours are perceived and performed in the work context. Based on the theory of the normative focus of Cialdini et al. (1990, 1991), articulated with Thøgersen's taxonomy of norms (2006), the potential barrier effect of normative conflict and attitudinal ambivalence on adherence to these behaviours are studied. In a correlational study of a sample of Portuguese workers (N=210), mostly not holding management positions (80.5%), the descriptive and injunctive norms of colleagues and managers, the ambivalence in relation to organizational environmental policies and their own pro-environmental behaviour were measured. The results showed a positive relationship between personal norm and descriptive norm and pro-environmental behaviour. Controlling the effect of these predictors, it was also shown that attitudinal ambivalence moderates the relationship between normative conflict (of descriptive norms) and pro-environmental behaviour, and that this relationship is stronger in ambivalent workers. The study concluded that realizing that colleagues and managers are not equally mobilized to adhere to voluntary pro-environmental behaviours make it less likely that workers will adhere to the same behaviours, particularly when ambivalence is felt regarding the organization's environmental policies. This study emphasizes the importance of organizations in promoting more explicit environmental policies, encouraging the adherence of all employees.

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Pinto, Ângela Sofia da Silva. "Propensão para o tédio e comportamentos de risco em adolescentes." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/5320.

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O tédio constitui cada vez mais um problema individual e social. Pessoas entediadas apresentam maior probabilidade de abandonar a escola, de não se aplicarem no trabalho, de abusarem das drogas e do álcool, de cometerem crimes, etc. (e.g., Calhoun, 2011). O período da adolescência, marcado por questões de desenvolvimento, a mudança das capacidades cognitivas e um crescente aumento da autonomia, configura o tédio como um dos fatores particularmente importantes a estudar durante esta fase (Caldwell, Darling, Payne, & Dowdy, 1999). O presente estudo pretende assim, explorar a relação entre a propensão para o tédio e os comportamentos de risco na adolescência. Para tal foram utilizados dois instrumentos, a Escala de Propensão para o Tédio (Farmer & Sundberg, 1986) e o Questionário de Comportamentos Anti-sociais (Allsopp & Feldman, 1976), que avaliam respectivamente, a propensão para o tédio e os comportamentos de risco mais comuns praticados pelos adolescentes. De acordo com as hipóteses colocadas, os resultados indicam que quanto maior a propensão para o tédio, maior a probabilidade de exibir comportamentos de risco. Atendendo à relevância social desta temática, designadamente às consequências negativas que a experiência de tédio tem para o indivíduo e para a sociedade, discutimos brevemente algumas estratégias que em contexto educativo, familiar e social poderão minimizar a experiência de tédio e as suas consequências, em particular junto da população adolescente.
Boredom is increasingly becoming an individual and a social problem. Bored people are more likely to drop out school, not to apply themselves at work, abuse drugs and alcohol, commit crimes, etc. (e.g., Calhoun, 2011). Adolescence, characterized by development issues, such as changing cognitive abilities and increased autonomy, makes boredom a particularly important research subject at this life stage (Caldwell, Darling, Payne, & Dowdy, 1999). The present study aims to explore the relationship between boredom proneness and risk behaviors in adolescents. For this purpose we used two instruments, the Boredom Proneness Scale (Farmer & Sundberg, 1986), and the Anti-Social Risk Behavior Questionnaire (Allsopp & Feldman 1976) which evaluate respectively, the boredom proneness and the most common risk behaviors in adolescents. In line with our hypotheses, results indicate that the more the boredom proneness reported the higher the likelihood of engaging in risk behavior. Given the social relevance of these issues, namely the negative consequences that boredom experience entails for the individual and society, we briefly discuss some strategies in educative, family and community contexts that seek to minimize the experience of boredom and its consequences particularly among the adolescent population.

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Cruz, Catarina Fernandes da. "Sicofantia organizacional: independentemente dos motivos, os resultados são sempre negativos." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18397.

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Entre as várias estratégias de comportamento político organizacional, encontra-se a de concordância com o poder (vulgo “yes-man”), cuja eficácia parece ancorar na relativa estabilidade da estrutura, pese embora poder ser interpretada como a mesma expressão comportamental de duas atitudes opostas: a concordância devida à convicção de que a hierarquia detém uma visão correta e a concordância com o poder devida à inércia, ao evitamento de conflito, a estratégias de lisonja ou outras, que refletem mais o receio de desagradar do que uma convicção. Apesar de um efeito potencialmente positivo, os “yes-man” traduzem um menor capital de dinamismo interno nas organizações, que será tanto mais necessário, quanto mais dinâmico e imprevisível for o mercado em que operam. É assim que os seus efeitos sobre a improvisação organizacional poderão ser tidos em consideração, como forma de chegar aos resultados organizacionais. Este estudo procura, precisamente, compreender em que medida a interação entre o grau de identificação com a organização e a estratégia de concordância com o poder, resulta, em maior ou menor, improvisação organizacional e, consequentemente, em resultados organizacionais, mais ou menos, favoráveis.
Between some organizational pollical behaviour strategies, we found agreement whit the power (ordinarily “yes-men”), the respective efficacy appears whit the same behavioural manifestation of two opposite attitude: the agreement due to the conviction of the hierarchy holds a correct vision and, whit the power due to the inertia, the agreement, to the avoid conflict, the flatter strategies or others that reflect more the fear of displeasing than a conviction. Despite the effect potentially positive, the “yes-man” people” express less internal dynamism capital in the organizations, this will be often more necessaire, who more dynamic and unpredictable was the market when we work. In this way, the effects of the organizational improvisation have to be considered the way to achieve the organizational results. This study looks, precisely, for understand in which way the interaction between the identification degree with the agreed strategy and the organization whit the power has resulted into greater or lesser organizational improvisation and, consequently, in results organizational, more or less, favourable

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47

(6615803), Ashley E. Rice. "Factors Influencing Indiana Residents' Level of Interest in Engaging with Purdue University." Thesis, 2019.

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The land-grant university system was founded in the 19th century as a public means to help improve people’s everyday lives. A century and a half later, the challenges that the public faces to live a quality life are constantly changing, creating a need for the land-grant system to respond and adapt to continue to fulfill its mission. While the literature contains a wealth of conceptual papers addressing the role and mission of land-grant universities, relatively few papers could be found that reported empirical data or proposed and tested metrics for public engagement constructs. The current study sought to address this void in the literature through the investigation of factors influencing Indiana residents’ level of interest in engaging with Purdue University. Mail survey methods were used in which up to three contacts were made with adult members of 4,500 Indiana households identified through address-based sampling. Stratified random sampling was employed to ensure adequate rural household participation for other project purposes. Usable responses were received from 1,003 households representing 87 Indiana counties for a total response rate of 26%.

A theoretical perspective was developed from Public Sphere Theory and the social science writings of Jurgen Habermas and Alexis de Tocqueville. Descriptive findings revealed some to moderate concerns about community and social issues such as affordable health care, violent crime, pollution and prescription drug abuse. Moderate levels of anomie, or perceived social disconnectedness, were also reported by respondents. Several items tapped respondents’ past levels of interaction with and current perceptions of Purdue University. Nearly a fifth of respondents reported interacting with Purdue University by having visited a website for news or information, followed by interacting with a Purdue University Extension professional. Regarding perceptions of Purdue University, the results of this study revealed relative consensus among respondents that Purdue University makes a positive contribution to the state of Indiana through its educational, research and outreach programs. For a majority of the perceptual items regarding Purdue University, more than one-third of the respondents neither agreed nor disagreed with the statement, suggesting some areas in which the university might improve its reputational standing with Indiana residents in the future. Nearly one-quarter to about half of the respondents indicated interest in topical areas addressed by Purdue Extension programs as well as an interest in engaging with the university. Respondents reported the highest levels of interest in free Extension programs in their local area, followed by the topics of science and technology, health and well-being, and gardening.

A predictive model of respondent interest in engaging with Purdue University was developed and tested using binary logistic regression procedures. The model was shown to be of modest utility in accounting for variance in respondent interest in engaging with Purdue University, explaining 12% to 16% of total variance. Past interaction with Purdue University, perceived level of concern for social and community issues, and highest level of education were the strongest predictors in the model.

The current research was completed in 2019 as Purdue University celebrated its 150th anniversary. Results and implications of this study provide important insight into current engagement levels, concerns and perceptions of residents within the state of Indiana, whom the university is mandated to serve. One of the study’s primary contributions is the establishment of baseline engagement data on current levels of Indiana residents’ interest in engaging with Purdue University on selected topics. Findings from this study could be of benefit to university administrators, faculty, staff and Extension professionals in assessing and improving future programming and setting strategic priorities. This study also adds to the conceptual and empirical body of literature, which may help inform future public engagement efforts at other land-grant universities. Periodic social science and public opinion research is needed to keep pace with the changing needs and perceptions of Indiana residents. Different data collection modes should be utilized to reach more audience segments and add to the growing knowledge base of public engagement.

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Bulwer, Miranda. "Treating gambling addiction : a psychological study in the South African context." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1479.

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The objectives of this study were to provide a detailed biopsychosocial description of the characteristics of a sample of 100 individuals screened and referred by the National Responsible Gaming Programme helpline for their outpatient treatment programme over an eighteen month period, and, importantly, to measure the success of this specific treatment programme at set intervals, up to a one year follow-up period. While 80% of the sample did not relapse during the six-week treatment programme, the number of treatment seekers without any gambling relapses during each follow-up period declined, and those falling back into gambling increased as time went on. After one year 47% of treatment seekers managed not to revert back to gambling – total abstinence. A further 28% reported having relapsed once or twice or that their gambling was controlled. 25% of treatment seekers reported that they reverted back to gambling fulltime which leaves the success rate of the treatment at 75%. Treatment seekers reported an overall reduction in gambling participation, debt and expenditure and an overall improvement in social and vocational functioning. There is evidence in this study to support the perspective that pathological gambling is a multidimensional disorder and that certain sub-groups of gamblers have distinct gambling behaviour.
Psychology
M.Soc.Sc.

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Philemon, Margareth Nkuba. "Factors contributing to high adolescent pregnancy rate in Kinondoni municipality, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1814.

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This study seeks to describe the factors contributing to high adolescent pregnancy rate in Kinondoni Municipality, Dar-es-Salaam. Through the study we get to know the social economic characteristics of adolescents, the adolescents' general knowledge of reproductive health issues and the source of this knowledge. The major discoveries made from this study are that the educational status and knowledge of reproductive health of these adolescents is low, some are already dropouts from school, and others were deprived of the chance to continue with secondary education. They have nothing tangible to do because of their low education and coupled with their low economic status, they are at risk of being involved in sexual activities at an early age, ending in pregnancies. In addition, their parents' educational and economic status was also found to be low. It is important then, parents, teachers and the community in general to arrest the rate of adolescent pregnancies.
HEALTH STUDIES
MA (HEALTH STUDIES)

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VRZALOVÁ, Monika. "Role sestry ve screeningu deprese u seniorů." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-260905.

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The diploma thesis deals with problems of depression in older people. Mainly the work is focused on identifying and analyzing the role of nurses in screening for depression in older people in primary care, acute care, long-term care and home care. This thesis was focused on theoretical direction and was used the method of design and demonstration. In this thesis was set one main goals with five research questions. The main goal was to identify and analyze the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly. RQ 1: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 2: What is the role of the nurse in the primary care in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 3: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in hospitalized patients in acute care? RQ 4: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in seniors in long-term and home care? RQ 5: What rating scales and methods are used in screening for depression in the elderly? The thesis introduce the concept of depression. The following are specified the causes of and the important factors that affect depression in the elderly. It also deals the differences in the clinical symptomatology of depression in old age. It explains possibilities and various barriers in the diagnosis of depression. Another chapter introduces complete geriatric examination, diagnostic classification systems, possible screening methods and scales for detection of depression in the elderly population. It also deals methods of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and its possible complications associated with older age. By reason of increased suicide rate caused by depressive disorder the issue of suicidal behavior in the elderly is introduced. The next chapter deals with the nursing process, which is used by nurses in practice. It consists of the evaluation of the patient's health condition, making nursing diagnosis, creating nursing plan and subsequent implementation and evaluation. The nursing process is also needy for providing quality care. The nursing process in the stage of nursing diagnosis, introduces possible nursing diagnosis for a patient suffering from depression, which are based on the latest classification. Finally is described the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly in different health facilities and their contribution to the timely evaluation of depression in the elderly. This chapter introduces the role of nurses, nursing screening and collaboration with a physician. The role of nurses in screening for depression in different medical facilities is based on the first phase of the nursing process of assessment. On the basis of objective and subjective information, the nurse will assess the overall health and mental condition of the patient. Primarily, it was investigated what is the role of the nurse in screening for depression. On the basis of content analysis and synthesis it was necessary to used and processed domestic and foreign literature. A number of relevant sources are the results of various studies and Meta-analyzes, mostly from abroad, but also from the Czech Republic. The thesis can serve as a basis for nurses. The result of this thesis is to create e-learning material available for students in the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice in the tutorial called Moodle.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social issue behaviours'

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