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Thulin, Sofia, and Ida Andersson. "Sponsring : baserat på fakta eller intuition?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16852.
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Det här är en kandidat uppsats i företagsekonomi med inriktning marknadsföring som är gjord på Handels- och IT Högskolan I Borås. Inriktningen på uppsatsen är sponsring och vi har valt att fokusera studien på hur företag använder sig av strategisk sponsring. Syftet med rapporten är att kartlägga hur företag arbetar med strategisk sponsring samt försöka skapa en förståelse kring hur företagen i undersökningen beslut om sponsrings ser ut. Resultatet av studien är tänkt att även kunna hjälpa de som söker sponsring att utveckla erbjudanden till sina sponsorer. Vi har utfört en litteraturstudie och intervjuer med sex olika företag. Efter genomförd studie så framkom flera olika aspekter av sponsring, bland annat att alla företagen i undersökningen arbetar med sponsring. Det framkom även att företagen i undersökningen ibland sponsrar bara för att uppnå goodwill och att de inte heller har någon nedskriven sponsringspolicy med ett undantag. Några av de slutsatser som vi kom fram till är att de lokala företagen i undersökningen kan sponsra mer lokalt på ett sätt som de större konkurrenterna inte kan vilket gör att de lokala företagen i undersökningen tjänar mer på den lokala sponsringen. De deltagande företagen använder sponsring även som nätverk då de genom sin sponsring får tillgång till ett nätverk med de andra sponsrande företagen. Nätverk är ett bra exempel på vad sponsorsökande aktörer kan ta med i sitt erbjudande när de söker sponsring. Vi har även märkt en tydlig brist hos företagen i undersökningen av att använda sponsringen i sin övriga marknadsföring. Vi anser därför att de tappar mycket värde av sponsringen.
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Hagman, William. "Du Gjorde Vad!? : Naturligt Beslutsfattande och Intuition hos Experter." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69658.
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Att det idag finns flera metoder och modeller för att fatta beslut är inte konstigt då beslutsfattande sker varje dag och i vissa sammanhang kan ge ödesdigra konsekvenser om det blir fel. Denna kandidatuppsats kan ses som en förstudie för hur naturligt beslutsfattande skulle kunna stödjas genom en förbättrad utbildning till beslutsfattare. Uppsatsen ämnar behandla naturligt beslutsfattande och intuition hos experter inom räddningstjänsten, närmare bestämt om de använder intuition och i så fall vad som ligger till grund för denna intuition. Intervjuer utfördes på räddningstjänsten i Motala efter critical decision method som är framtagen för cognitive task analysis. Inom räddningstjänsten använder sig befälen av intuition när de tar det flesta av sina beslut i fält. Resultaten av intervjuerna pekar på att intuition verkar ske undermedvetet vilket ger stöd för recognition primed decision model, i kombination med negativa ledtrådar och hävstångspunkter.
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Liu, Guanyu, and Yan Song. "The Interplay of Rationality and Intuition in Strategic Decision Making." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69743.
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BACKGROUND: When it comes to corporate decision making, the traditional rational model suggests that deliberative analysis yields good results. Thus, when contemplating strategic moves, executives are “required” to conduct deliberative analyses. As today’s business environment is becoming increasingly complex and fast-paced, however, executives often face the dilemma of having to make carefully considered strategic decisions on the one hand and not having enough time on the other hand. Intuition offers an efficient solution in this situation. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate how corporate executives employ both rationality and intuition in making strategic decisions under uncertain, complex and time-pressured circumstances. RESEARCH METHOD: We conducted three face-to-face interviews with executives from three companies in Sweden. Each interview lasted around one hour. RESULTS: Drawing on previous psychological and managerial research, we argue that rationality and intuition are better viewed as being complementary rather than separate. Findings from the study suggest that intuition could serve as an effective and efficient means for managers to make strategic decisions; and that intuition indeed plays a role in strategic decision making under complex, uncertain and time limited contexts.
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Albrechtsen, Justin Scott. "Are intuitive responses more accurate at detecting deception than deliberate responses?" To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Burke, Lauren. "Computer Science Education at The Claremont Colleges: The Building of an Intuition." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/875.
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In this thesis, I discuss how the undergraduate computer scientist is trained, and how they learn what I am calling computational intuition. Computational intuition describes the methodology in which computer scientists approach their problems and solve them through the use of computers. Computational intuition is a series of skills and a way of thinking or approaching problems that students learn throughout their education. The main way that computational intuition is taught to students is through the experience they gain as they work on homework and classwork problems. To develop computational intuition, students learn explicit knowledge and techniques as well as knowledge that is tacit and harder to teach within the lectures of a classroom environment. Computational intuition includes concepts that professors and students discuss which include “computer science intuition,” “computational thinking,” general problem solving skills or heuristics, and trained judgement. This way of learning is often social, and I draw on the pedagogy of cognitive apprenticeship to understand the interactions between the professors, tutors, and other students help learners gain an understanding of the “computer science intuition.” It is this method of thinking that computer scientists at the Claremont Colleges have stated as being one of the most essential items that should be taught and gained throughout their education and signals a wider understanding of computer science as a field.
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Forsberg, Kenneth, and Erlandsson Pia Kjeldsen. "Tuning in - synliga kompetenser och tyst kunskap hos studie- och yrkesvägledare." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-31408.
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Utbildningen till Studie- och yrkesvägledare vid Malmö högskola är tre år lång. Under dessa tre år läggs mycket tid ner på att studera själva samtalet i vägledningssituationen. Vi studenter kommer i framtiden att möta olika typer av människor som var och en har sin egen unika livsvärld, byggd på erfarenheter och upplevelser. För att kunna möta alla dessa människor på ett respektfullt sätt och inleda ett samtal behöver vi kunna skapa kontakt, stämma av och knyta samman våra livsvärldar i ett temporärt förtroendefullt samarbetsavtal under själva vägledningssamtalet. Denna fas inom vägledningsområdet kallas för Tuning in. Syftet med detta fördjupningsarbete är att öka vår förståelse för vad begreppet tuning in innebär, samt ta reda på vilka kompetenser som en studie- och yrkesvägledare använder sig av i tuning in-fasen. Vi vill även utforska om det finns tyst kompetens hos studie- och yrkesvägledarna i tuning in-fasen som behöver begreppsliggöras. Vi har valt att analysera våra resultat genom tre från varandra skilda teoretikers tankar, Lev Vygotskij, Martin Buber och Donald Schön. Genom observationer, intervjuer och långvariga reflekterande fördjupningssamtal kring vår studie och dess resultat har vi skapat en bild som återger och begreppsliggör den kompetens som en erfaren och professionell studie- och yrkesvägledare inom det svenska utbildningsväsendet faktiskt besitter. Resultatet av vårt arbete är att de synliga kompetenser som en erfaren studie- och yrkesvägledare använder sig av i tuning in-fasen är medvetenhet, självkännedom och reflektionsförmåga. De tysta kompetenser hos en erfaren studie- och yrkesvägledare, som har synliggjorts ur vår studie och som vi begreppsliggjort är professionell intuition och följsamhet.
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Holmqvist, Carl Johan. "Lägerelden : Betydelsen av känslor och emotioner för reklamvärldens skapelser. En studie i kreativitet hos en reklambyrå." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60846.
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Denna studie är grundad i intervjuer som ägde rum på en reklambyrå. Studiens syfte är att utforska innebörden av 'kreativitet' i reklamvärlden. I intervjuerna betonade informanterna i synnerhet vikten av att reklam kommunicerar genom känslor och emotioner. I denna uppsats ges en närmare inblick i vad informanterna anser att känslor och emotioner har för innebörd för reklamskapande. Detta görs genom att tillämpa fenomenologisk teori. Den fenomenologiska analysen förser oss med en djupare och mer vidsträckt förståelse för den intuitiva kunskap informanterna förmedlar. Den öppnar således upp förståelsen för varför känslor och emotioner anses vara grundläggande för reklamskapande. Utifrån en fenomenologisk förståelse för känslor och emotioner diskuteras sedan reklamens roll i samhället i helhet.This study is based on interviews that took place in an advertising agency. The purpose of the study is to explore the meaning of 'creativity' in the world of advertising. In the interviews, the interviewees especially pointed out the importance of feelings and emotions as a means for communication in advertisement. This thesis provides a closer view of the significance feelings and emotions are considered to have in advertising. This is done by ways of phenomenological theory. The phenomenological analysis provides us with a deeper and more far-reaching understanding of the intuitive knowledge that is brought forth by the interviewees. It opens up an understanding of why feelings and emotions are considered to play a fundamental part in the creation of advertisement. Based on a phenomenological understanding of feelings and emotions I will then discuss what part advertising plays in society as a whole.
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Worsham, Lucas. "Unearthing the Seeds of Oppression and Injustice within Education: Using Intuition, Care, and Virtue to Guide the Educative Process and Cultivate Morality." UNF Digital Commons, 2016. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/645.
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The emphasis of the inquiry is on the domain of education and the relationship present between the teacher and student more specifically. Essentially, the first part of the thesis outlines how the larger social-political system impacts the domain of public education, with the predominant issues of adversity becoming manifest at the level of the relationship that exists between teacher and student. The second part of the work utilizes the problems discovered and their impact on human experience to propose a virtue/care based method for approaching the relationship with the student in a way that both aligns more closely with the movement of experience, while also functioning to assist the student in shaping their own moral character. Essentially, the method being proposed is something that is meant to assist the teacher in her attempts to communicate with the student in a more personal sort of way, thus allowing for a higher degree of understanding of the unique personality of each student, with this understanding leading the teacher to form a more flexible approach that takes into account the various personalities of the students. In so doing the teacher is working to bring the experience of the student into the educative process, which should thereby increase student performance through their feeling more involved in the education being received.
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Venter, Gert Petrus. "University greenhouse and botanical park : cohesion of a research typology and the metaphysics of space." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02112009-080521.
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Bolin, Ellinor. "Barn kommunicerar om film." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19039.
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The aim of this master’s thesis is to obtain greater understanding of how children relate to the film medium and their experiences. This is obtained by listening to the children and observing their verbal and nonverbal communication in two focus group interviews. Children’s access to and selection of film are due to adult’s restrictions. Science has focused on the side effects that come along when children are exposed to violent action films. As a theoretical starting point, I used communication theory and Argyle’s (1972) non verbal codes to interpret the children’s body language. The empirical results are linked to earlier research and analysed according to four different themes, all connected to the nonverbal codes. The children like the strong feelings that come along with their experiences; still they want to understand the plot in the films. They explain to each other when they can connect to their own experiences and seek for support when needed. They express mixed feelings when it comes to downloading from the Internet because it is illegal, yet they are excited over the fact that it takes a short time and they appreciate to have access. Watching film gives a different kind of understanding compared to reading, since more senses are involved. The children don’t believe producers will make more films suited to children’s wants and needs in the future.Uppsatsnivå: D
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Eriksson, Dittlau Clara, and Marcella Holm. "“... I ledarrollen vill man hela tiden stämma av, så här hur ska jag göra, innan man börjar lita på sin egen intuition och, liksom, sitt eget ledarskap...” Mellanchefers upplevelse av socialt stöd i offentlig sektor." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-68907.
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Walters, Kevin Allen. "Feng Shui and Neighborhood Development." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1559.
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Lodato, Michael A. "Going With Your Gut: An Investigation of Why Managers Prefer Intuitive Employee Selection." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1206311034.
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Mobley, Frederick Leonard. "Behavioral Operations Management in Federal Governance." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1570.
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The environmental uncertainty of federal politics and acquisition outsourcing in competitive markets requires an adaptive decision-analysis structure. Practitioners oriented toward exclusively static methods face severe challenges in understanding qualitative aspects of organizational governance. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to examine and understand behavioral relationship attributes within intuitive, choice, judgment, or preference decision-making processes. The problem addressed in this study was the detrimental effects of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), compulsory citizenship behavior (CCB), and social exchange theory (SET) on the acquisition management relationship The OCB, CCB, SET dictates that sound business development, relationship acumen, emotional intelligence and perceptiveness transcend pure numerical quantification. Exhibition of relationship-based attributes influence and drive long-term contractual relationships and the sustainability of business organizations.
The data collected included historical data and survey responses. Approximately 34,000 acquisition professionals comprised the population-sampling frame. The study sample consisted of 378 survey responses that yielded 294 qualifying respondents with 94 disqualifications that produced a 78% response rate. The Carnegie-Mellon behavioral survey guidelines underpinned questionnaire construction and affirmation of themes. Strauss and Corbin grounded theory and theme generation addressed behavioral decision making under the additive model that inform the development of an organizational social operations and business framework that accounts for intuitive judgment. The study may contribute to positive social change by orienting managers toward behavioral decision making, ensuring responsiveness to the public and federal governance
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Hirano, Kazuhiko. "La liberté et la puissance de l'intuition chez Bergson : À travers le temps qui " agit " et la force de négation." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752855.
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Les réflexions au point de départ de Bergson nous donnent une forte impression. Maintenant, nous pouvons dire qu'il y a là la puissance intuitive de négation et le temps qui " agit ". Et quand nous promenons nos yeux sur les œuvres de Bergson, il nous semble qu'on ne peut pas les négliger. En premier lieu, Bergson aboutit déjà à une méthode de la connaissance autre que l'intelligence. Comme l'intuition est une méthode de la connaissance propre à Bergson, l'intuition qui porte la puissance de négation est une découverte qui fait époque. En deuxième lieu, cette intuition incite elle-même à se rendre vers l'intuition immédiate. Elle soutient l'intuition de la durée. En troisième lieu, le temps qui " agit " est une appréhension originelle de l'expérience. Un des fondements et un des contenus de la liberté proviennent de ce temps qui " agit " et de cette intuition. En quatrième lieu, Bergson souligne que l'illusion du " possible " fait méconnaître " la nouveauté radicale ". Et cette appréhension montre que l'acte libre et l'univers sont la création du nouveau. L'idée d'illusion du " possible " qui s'établit dans les dernières années de sa vie provient des réflexions au point de départ. Enfin, obtenir une appréhension originale par la puissance intuitive de négation, semble être une façon d'étudier chez Bergson. Il recueille les faits scientifiques ou académiques qui font l'objet de son étude. Et il trouve un problème par la puissance intuitive de négation. Il semble que nous pouvions imaginer que ce qui est profond chez Bergson revient à ces deux points. Dès lors, nous pensons que les réflexions au point de départ sont dignes d'être pris comme objet de réflexion.
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Bradford, Lori E. A. "A complicated chain of circumstances : decision making in the New Zealand wool supply chains." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2156.
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This dissertation explores the influences on individual decision making in a complex, real world context – the New Zealand wool supply chain. It asks two fundamental questions, first, how do decision makers make decisions in their everyday settings and, second, how is decision making learned and improved through experience and contextual factors. Two contextual aspects of decision making were also examined; these included whether decision making processes varied as a result of uncertainty and risky surroundings, or in cooperative and competitive environments. Further examination included revealing how being a member of a (multi-layered) group influences individual decision making. In-depth qualitative interviewing of sheep farmers, and associated supply chain members in the wool industry was undertaken. Three key decision journeys were explored from both the 'psychological' and the 'social' schools of social psychology in order to give detail on the flow of decision making influences through human systems (whether entities were present, or implied). One of the main aspects of this study was to employ, by analogy, an analysis inspired by the concept of multi-level selection from evolutionary theory as a means of understanding decision making in such a complex, layered system. Other contributions include commentary on the nature of social psychological studies of decision making, suggestions for the expansion of naturalistic decision making to include processes occurring on more than one 'level' of context, the framing of information in the media and the judgment of information sources on the part of experienced and inexperienced farmers, and, the role that globalization may play in driving decision making behaviour.
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Buon, Marine. "Processus et développement de l'intégration de la structure causale et intentionnelle de l'action dans la cognition morale." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066242.
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Barbosa, Ana Paula da Silva. "Adoção intuito personae: a vida social em confronto com a lei." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17634.
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Is it legitimate for a family, willing to give up a child for adoption, to choose to whom it will give the infant? Why is this way of adoption, known as intuito personae, still predominant in the Brazilian adoptions? It occurs in prejudice of the process developed by the Cadastres in the Infancy and Youth Warders, as indicated in studies by Gueiros (2007) and Mariano & Rossetti-Ferreira (2008). Thesequestions oriented the beginning of this study. With the goal of subsidizing the discussion on the millenary voluntary cession of children, under the light of different historical, political and cultural determinants, we initially built the theoretical construction of the conceptual basis of family, infancy, relationships of gender and of maternity. It was deemed necessary the use of the concept of ―children circulation‖, borrowed from Anthropology, for the understanding of the historical rescue done from the Portuguese instrument ―Wheel of the Exposed‖ and its legacy to Brazil. The theme of adoption was reflected while one of the countless ways of public-private confronting in Brazil for situations in which the parents cannot offer care to their children. For that, this reflection is done within the due comprehension of the reality of the inequalities in the Country. In order to comprehend the current dilemmas, false or real, the intuito personae adoption, we point out the possible benefits and prejudices of the―ultra judiciarization‖ of adoption facing the current legislation, of the ECA and of the alterations of the new law 12.010/2009. Before the complex and intriguing theme investigated, we find a fertile ground for analysis and debate of ―success‖ and ―lack of success‖ of the adoptions, with direct and indirect indicators, constructed after consultations with professionals of Social Service and Psychology, active in the area. The subsequent field work is made of the comparative analysis of adoption cases from the Adoption Cadastre, and from the intuito personae, occurred for more than fifteen years in the Infancy and Youth Warder, with parents and respective adopted children. Semi-structured interviews with the subjects were used as the main instrument of data collection. The conduction of the research was possible with four adopted families, being one constituted by adoption of the Cadastre. Important divergent points were found between the two adoption types of adoption: in the intuito personae, the presence of the open adoption, better level of information on the biological origins, fear of losing the child to the mother and a lesser degree of planning of the adoption project. In the case of the adoption by Cadastre, we observe the closed adoption, better planning of the adoption and fear of losing the child directed to the Judiciary (represented by the figure of the Judge and the officials of the Infancy Warder)
É legítimo que uma família, se quiser colocar um filho para adoção, escolha a quem irá entregá-lo? Por que esse modo de adoção, conhecida como intuito personae, ainda é predominante nas adoções brasileiras? Em detrimento do processo desenvolvido via Cadastro nas Varas de Infância e Juventude, conforme indicado em estudos de Gueiros (2007) e Mariano e Rossetti-Ferreira (2008). Essas indagações orientaram o início deste estudo. Com o escopo de subsidiar a discussão acerca da prática milenar da entrega voluntária dos filhos, à luz de diferentes determinantes históricos, políticos e culturais, realizamos, inicialmente, a construção teórica das bases conceituais de família, infância, relações de gênero e da maternidade. Entende-se necessário o uso do conceito de ―circulação de crianças‖, tomado de empréstimo da Antropologia, para o entendimento acerca do resgate histórico efetuado a partir do dispositivo da ―Roda dos Expostos‖ portuguesa e sua herança para o Brasil. O tema da adoção é refletido enquanto uma das inúmeras formas de enfrentamento público-privado no Brasil para situações em que os pais estão impossibilitados de oferecer os cuidados aos filhos. Para tanto, essa reflexão é feita dentro da devida compreensão da realidade de desigualdades no país. A fim de compreender os dilemas atuais, falsos ou reais, da adoção intuito personae, destacamos os possíveis benefícios e prejuízos da ultrajudicialização da adoção à luz da recente lei em vigor, o ECA e as alterações da nova lei 12.010/2009. Ante o complexo e intrigante tema investigado, encontramos terreno fecundo para a análise e debate do ―sucesso‖ e ―insucesso‖ das adoções, com indicadores diretos e indiretos, construídos após consulta a profissionais de Serviço Social e Psicologia atuantes na área. O subsequente trabalho de campo constitui-se da análise comparativa de casos de adoção provenientes do Cadastro de Adoção e intuito personae, ocorridas há mais de 15 anos na Vara de Infância e da Juventude de Itaquera, com pais e respectivos filhos adotivos. Entrevistas semiestruturadas com os sujeitos foram usadas como principal instrumento de coleta de dados. A realização da pesquisa foi possível com quatro famílias adotivas, sendo uma constituída por adoção do Cadastro. Verificaram-se pontos divergentes importantes entre os dois tipos de adoção: no intuito personae, a presença da adoção aberta; maior nível de informações acerca das origens biológicas; medo de perder a criança para a mãe e menor grau de planejamento do projeto adotivo. Já no caso de adoção via Cadastro observam-se: a adoção fechada, maior planejamento da adoção e medo de perder a criança direcionado para o Poder Judiciário (representado pela figura do juiz e dos técnicos da Vara da Infância)
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Rampy, Nolan. "Intuitions or Informational Assumptions? An Investigation of the Psychological Factors Behind Moral Judgments." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/446.
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There is an ongoing debate among psychologists regarding the psychological factors underlying moral judgments. Rationalists argue that informational assumptions (i.e. ideological beliefs about how the world works) play a causal role in shaping moral judgments whereas intuitionists argue that informational assumptions are post hoc justifications for judgments made automatically by innate intuitions. In order to compare these two perspectives, the author conducted two studies in which informational assumptions related to ingroups and outgroups varied across conditions. In Study 1, political conservatives and liberals completed the moral relevance questionnaire while imagining they were in the US, Iran, or no specific country. Keeping in line with the predictions of the intuitionist perspective, the results showed that the judgments of conservatives and liberals did not significantly differ across conditions. Study 2 used a more in depth manipulation in which participants read a vignette about a government (US, Iran, or the fictional country of Kasbara) violating the rights of a minority group. As in Study 1, the results support the intuitionist perspective--the judgments of conservatives and liberals did not significantly differ across conditions. These findings play a small part in clarifying the role of informational assumptions in moral judgments.
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Shakarchi, Richard J. "The Effects of the Intuitive Prosecutor Mindset on Person Memory." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1040044498.
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Fontanella, Luiza Leal. "A influência das heurísticas nas decisões projetuais de designers em formação." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6389.
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As heurísticas são regras gerais de influência que atuam nas decisões das pessoas. Estudos recentes mostram que elas interferem nas decisões de projeto dos designers, tanto através do uso da memoria ou da imaginação (heurística da disponibilidade), quanto de julgamentos por similaridade (heurística da representatividade). Devido ao fato de designers lidarem com problemas incertos, percebe-se a importância desses profissionais estarem cientes do processo que envolve tais julgamentos intuitivos. Acredita-se que o ensino do autoconhecimento intuitivo, durante os anos de formação dos designers, tem o potencial de prepará-los para projetar com maior consciência dos processos cognitivos envolvidos em suas práticas. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo propôs, como objetivo geral, compreender o funcionamento das heurísticas em estudantes de design nas decisões de projeto, durante o seu primeiro e último ano de formação. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa exploratória com entrevistas em profundidade, buscando entender o problema através das percepções dos próprios estudantes de design. Como principais resultados, percebeu-se que as heurísticas atuam nos designers em formação, durante todo o processo de projeto. Além disso, elas demostraram estar mais presentes do que o raciocínio, ao tomar decisões projetuais. Quanto a diferença sobre o a influência das heurísticas entre os estudantes do início e do final do curso, observou-se que os alunos cursando o último ano da graduação tinham percepção sobre algumas influências heurísticas. Porém por não terem conhecimento sobre o processo intuitivo, e nem da atuação das heurísticas, os estudantes não sabiam como gerenciar tais influências. Sendo assim, compreendeu-se a importância das instituições de ensino de design incentivarem o desenvolvimento da intuição, buscando integra-lo as habilidades trabalhadas nos seus programas de educação.
Heuristics are general rules of influence that act on people's decisions. Recent studies show that they interfere in designers' project decisions, either through the use of memory or imagination (heuristics of availability), or through judgments by similarity (heuristics of representativeness). Because designers deal with uncertain problems, its possible to realize the importance of these professionals being aware of the process involving such intuitive judgments. It is believed that the teaching of intuitive self-knowledge during the formative years of designers has the potential to prepare them to project with greater awareness of the cognitive processes involved in their practices. In this sense, the present study proposed, as a general objective, to understand the operation of heuristics in design students in design decisions during their first and last year of formation. For that, an exploratory research with in-depth interviews was developed, trying to understand the problem through the perceptions of the students of design itself. As main results, it was noticed that heuristics act in the designers in formation, throughout the entire design process. In addition, they proved to be more present than reasoning in making project decisions. As for the difference about the influence of the heuristics between the students at the beginning and end of the course, it was observed that the last year students of had perceptions about some heuristic influences. But, because they had no knowledge of the intuitive process, or of the heuristics, they did not know how to manage such influences. Thus, it was understood the importance of design education institutions to encourage the development of intuition, seeking to integrate it to the skills worked in their education programs.
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Gomes, Anna Cecilia Chaves. "Mecanismos intuitivo e racional e vieses comportamentais: evid?ncias para o Brasil." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ADMINISTRA??O, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24127.
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A proposi??o de que um processamento composto por dois sistemas - Intuitivo e Racional - ? respons?vel pelos processos cognitivos encontra in?meras refer?ncias na literatura. Cr?ticas recentes sugerem que o Sistema Intuitivo poderia ser composto por um Conjunto de Sistemas Aut?nomos (TASS) e o Racional por dois n?veis de controle: mentalidade algor?tmica e reflexiva. Embora exista significativa aceita??o da estrutura tripla por estudos da intelig?ncia artificial, a literatura atual converge para um processamento duplo, por isso ainda h? discuss?es acerca dos componentes da mente. Dado que os sistemas seriam respons?veis pela promo??o dos desvios sistem?ticos do racioc?nio normativo (vieses) e da avalia??o de atributos heur?sticos (heur?stica), tem-se que os estudos na ?rea podem auxiliar no entendimento da decis?o heur?stica, sendo necess?rios, assim, mais estudos, sobretudo emp?ricos, referentes ao assunto. Ante o exposto, o presente estudo trata de avaliar a arquitetura multivariada da domin?ncia dos sistemas cognitivos na gera??o de vieses comportamentais. Para tal, aplicou-se um question?rio feito com 2.958 participantes de 21 universidades p?blicas que mensurou a Heur?stica da Representatividade, Ancoramento, Heur?stica da Disponibilidade, Ilus?o de Controle, Avers?o ? Perda, Excesso de Confian?a, Otimismo, Efeito Dota??o, Heur?stica do Afeto, Fal?cia da Conjun??o, Efeito de Enquadramento, Contabilidade Mental, Efeito Disposi??o, Sistema Intuitivo e o Sistema Racional. As escalas foram validadas e analisadas por meio de uma An?lise Fatorial Confirmat?ria e, em seguida, foram aplicados a An?lise de Modelos de Equa??es Estruturais (SEM) e os testes de invari?ncia para subamostras dos diferentes g?neros, regi?es e ?reas de forma??o profissional. Dentre as escalas utilizadas, apenas a de Avers?o ? Perda n?o foi poss?vel de valida??o, provavelmente por ser considerada um recorte da original (demasiadamente grande para ser inclu?da). O Sistema Racional subdividiu-se em 2 fatores denominados de Algor?tmico e de Reflexivo, corroborando com estudos acerca de uma estrutura tripartida. Estruturas bidimensionais foram observadas no Otimismo e Efeito Disposi??o, de acordo com o observado em Bandeira et al. (2002) e Melo (2014) respectivamente. No que tange ? especifica??o do modelo estrutural, notou-se que o Excesso de Confian?a, Otimismo e Pessimismo resultam de uma mesma combina??o de sistemas, apresentando ind?cios de que esses poderiam de fato aparecerem em conjunto quando analisados empiricamente, conforme afirmado por Taylor e Brown (1988) e Barros e Silveira (2008). A Ancoragem estaria ocorrendo no que aparentaria ser um efeito de primming e a Contabilidade Mental mostrando-se ser parcialmente respons?vel por causar o Efeito Disposi??o, ambas as observa??es de acordo com a literatura da ?rea. J? a Fal?cia da Conjun??o, contrariamente ao esperado, n?o demonstrou relacionamento significativo com a Heur?stica da Representatividade, podendo esse resultado se dever ao instrumento, que mede a fal?cia, ser composto por quest?es demasiadamente tratadas na atualidade, assim, proporcionando que a Disponibilidade regesse predominantemente o vi?s. A SEM comprovou a influ?ncia dos sistemas racionais na Heur?stica do Afeto e Efeito Dota??o, em conson?ncia com Kahneman (2012). Por fim, ao se testar a invari?ncia, tem-se em todos os casos a rejei??o da hip?tese de invari?ncia, comprovando que os aspectos cognitivos apresentam forte subjetividade individual e ressaltam a import?ncia do perfil para o entendimento da domin?ncia dos sistemas.
The proposition that a processing composed of two systems - Intuitive and Rational - is responsible for the cognitive processes finds numerous references in the literature. Recent reviews suggest that the Intuitive System could be composed of a Set of Autonomous Systems (TASS) and the Rational by two levels of control: algorithmic and reflexive mentality. Although there is significant acceptance of the triple structure by artificial intelligence studies, current literature converges to dual processing, so there are still discussions about the components of the mind. Given that the systems would be responsible for promoting systematic deviations of normative reasoning (biases) and evaluation of heuristic attributes (heuristics), it has to be that the studies in the area can help in the understanding of the heuristic decision, therefore, more studies are needed, especially empirical ones, referring to the subject. Given the above, the present study treat to evaluate the multivariate architecture of the dominance of cognitive systems in the generation of behavioral biases. For this, a questionnaire was done with 2,958 participants from 21 public universities that measured the Representativity Heuristic, Anchoring, Availability Heuristic, Illusion of Control, Loss Aversion, Overconfidence, Optimism, Endowment Effect, Affect Heuristic, Conjunction Fallacy, Framing Effect, Mental Accounting, Disposition Effect, Intuitive System, and the Rational System. The scales were validated and analyzed by a Confirmatory Factor Analysis and then applied to the Structural Equation Model (SEM) and the invariance tests for sub-samples of the different genres, regions and professional qualification areas. Among the scales used, only Loss Aversion was not validated, probably because it was considered a clipping of the original (too large to be included). The Rational System was subdivided into 2 factors called Algorithmic and Reflexive, corroborating with studies about a tripartite structure. Two-dimensional structures were observed in the Optimism and Disposition Effect, according to what was observed in Bandeira et al. (2002) and Melo (2014), respectively. Concerning the specification of the structural model, it was noted that the Overconfidence, Optimism and Pessimism result from the same combination of systems, presenting indications that these could indeed appear together when analyzed empirically, as stated by Taylor and Brown (1988) and Barros and Silveira (2008). Anchoring would be occurring in what would appear to be a primming effect and the Mental Accounting showing to be partially responsible for causing the Disposition Effect, both observations according to the literature of the area. On the other hand, the Fallacy of the Conjunction, contrary to what was expected, did not demonstrate a significant relationship with the Heuristic of Representation, and this result may be due to the instrument, that measured the fallacy, be composed of issues that are heavily treated in the present day, thus allowing Availability to predominantly govern the bias. The SEM proved the influence of rational systems on the Affect Heuristic and Endowment Effect, in consonance with Kahneman (2012). Finally, when testing the invariance, it has been that, in all cases the rejection of the invariance hypothesis, proving that the cognitive aspects present a strong individual subjectivity and emphasize the importance of the profile for the understanding of the dominance of the systems.
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Castrianni, Marco Aurelio de Mello. "Métodos usuais de interpretação e aplicação do direito: adequação e complementaridade." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7831.
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Previous issue date: 2007-11-08Logic is a Philosophy instrument, as well as for the other sciences. Among its methods are deduction and induction, which are discursive, and the intuition. By deduction, we reason from the general to the particular. By induction, we start from the particular to reach the general. Intuition is the direct way to acquire knowledge. The logic methods have their basis in Rationalism and Empiricism. For the former, the knowledge stems from exclusively in the reason; its method is deductive. For the latter, the knowledge is acquired by experience, either external or internal; its method is inductive. Intuition is the no discursive method. Using it, we can reach the values, the object of Axiology. The values implicate the genesis of the rules and juridical principles. The phenomenon of the values happens in the society and interact with the culture. The human being is the source value, and the Justice is the fundamental value. Equity is a kind of Justice, which surpasses in a certain way. The Juridical Logic is the application of the Logic as Law instrument. The operator uses either deduction or induction, i.e., are methods used for interpretation and application. The intuition is also applied by the Law operators, although its study has not been so developed. It can be seen by the analyses, as juridical, the principles and the rules, the doctrine and other works, the sentences, the jurisprudence, the habits, the analogy and criminal investigation. None of the methods is used in an isolated way, for interpretation and Law application, because they are not enough, although the three ones, objects of this study, are adequate. The methods which are most studied are deductive and inductive, but the intuition has also an important role in the interpretation and application of the Law, although the operator does not realize how often he makes use of it in his everyday work. The methods are, therefore, complementary and interdependent
A Lógica é instrumento da Filosofia e de todas as ciências. Entre seus métodos estão a dedução e a indução, que são discursivos, e a intuição. Pela dedução, raciocina-se do geral para o particular. Pela indução, parte-se do particular para se chegar ao geral. A intuição é forma direta de aquisição de conhecimento. Os métodos lógicos têm seu fundamento no Racionalismo e no Empirismo. Para o primeiro, o conhecimento se origina exclusivamente na razão; seu método é o dedutivo. Para o segundo, o conhecimento se adquire pela experiência, seja externa ou interna; seu método é o indutivo. A intuição se trata de método não discursivo. Por ela, se chega aos valores, objeto da Axiologia. Os valores implicam a gênese de normas e princípios jurídicos. O fenômeno dos valores se dá na sociedade e se interrelaciona com a cultura. O ser humano é o valor fonte, e a Justiça, o valor fundamental. A Eqüidade é uma espécie de Justiça e, de certa forma, a supera. A Lógica Jurídica é a aplicação da Lógica como instrumento do Direito. O seu operador utiliza tanto a dedução como a indução, ou seja, são métodos utilizados para sua interpretação e aplicação. A intuição também é aplicada pelos operadores do Direito, embora seu estudo ainda não esteja tão desenvolvido. Isso se constata pela análise, no âmbito jurídico, dos princípios, das normas, da doutrina e outros trabalhos, das sentenças, da jurisprudência, do costume, da analogia e da investigação criminal. Nenhum dos métodos é utilizado de forma isolada, para interpretação e aplicação do Direito, pois, por si só, não é suficiente, embora sejam todos os três, objeto deste estudo, adequados. Todos podem e devem ser utilizados. Os métodos mais estudados são o dedutivo e o indutivo, mas a intuição também tem um importante papel na interpretação e na aplicação do Direito, embora o operador possa até não se dar conta de quanto a utiliza em seu trabalho cotidiano. Os métodos são, pois, complementares e interdependentes
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Burgoon, Jacob N. "The Moral Foundations of Teaching: Measuring Teachers' Implicit Moral Beliefs." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1544787174462244.
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Franco, Carlos Fernando Martins. "Modulações do tempo no audiovisual: dos espaços densos aos tempos espessos." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2010. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4267.
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CarlosFranco.pdf: 2349826 bytes, checksum: 04c86e29097d13a9ffab0780b0f37a32 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-06T23:21:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosFranco.pdf: 2349826 bytes, checksum: 04c86e29097d13a9ffab0780b0f37a32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-16
UFT - Universidade Federal do Tocantins
A presente tese buscou entender a tensão perceptória no audiovisual quando num plano não há cortes, cortes esses através dos quais tradicionalmente se confere ritmo a um fluxo. Partiuse de Bergson em Matéria e memória e Deleuze em Diferença e repetição, que versam sobre o tempo e o espaço, bem como de pensadores do audiovisual como Eisenstein, Martin e Aumont. A desconstrução das três dimensões do tempo (diegético, enunciatório e perceptório), clássicas no cinema, se deu em paralelo à análise de planos-sequência de materiais expressivos diversos. Utilizou-se o método intuitivo de Bergson, que permitiu cogitar a existência de uma quarta dimensão, a do tempo dos objetos no quadro, que comporta seu dinamismo bem como sua duração. Chegou-se assim a definir, como alternativa ao conceito de ritmo, a modulação do tempo como uma articulação entre o tempo perceptual e o tempo dos objetos, que abarca tanto o intervalo (enquanto espaços ou instantes perceptíveis no quadro) quanto a duração (e outras virtualidades, no fluxo).
This research tried to understand framed temporality phenomena inside audiovisual expression. This has begun from Bergson and Deleuze, with these theories that studies time and space, as well as motion pictured expressions authors as Eisenstein, Martin and Aumont. The unconstructing the three classical time dimensions (story time, opera time and perceptual time) has happened simultaneously with the non-cut scene analyses of several expressive materials. This has used the intuitive method by Bergson, which permitted speculate the existence of the forth time dimension beyond the three classical, the object time on a frame, composed by its spiritual time and dynamic time. This has defined, as alternative from rithm concept, the time modulation as an articulation between perceptual and object time, that contains the dynamic interval and spiritual time (durée).
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Junges, Fabio Miguel. "A influência do contexto de mobilidade no processo de tomada de decisão." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4493.
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Fabio Miguel Junges.pdf: 4097222 bytes, checksum: ff90676639837e81bd0d6aa5577547e4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-16T14:20:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Miguel Junges.pdf: 4097222 bytes, checksum: ff90676639837e81bd0d6aa5577547e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A pesquisa se propõe a identificar e analisar como o contexto de mobilidade influencia o processo de tomada de decisão, em que três elementos podem ser destacados. Primeiro, trata-se de uma pesquisa em que a lente está no processo e não nos seus resultados, e o sujeito de análise é o indivíduo que atua como gestor intermediário. Segundo, o fenômeno que se pretende estudar é o da tomada de decisão, que caracteriza uma das principais atribuições dos gestores intermediários e que tem os seus efeitos refletidos no sucesso ou fracasso das iniciativas organizacionais. A tomada de decisão é um fenômeno multifacetado que pode ser compreendido por diferentes lentes teóricas, dentre as quais essa pesquisa utilizou a perspectiva que considera a intuição e a razão como partes do sistemas cognitivos que compõem o processo de escolha do indivíduo. O terceiro elemento a ser destacado é o contexto específico em que esse fenômeno é estudado, o da mobilidade empresarial, que evidencia a tomada de decisão em movimento e é observado nesta pesquisa pelas perspectivas das affordances e dos paradoxos da tecnologia móvel. Nesse contexto, os gestores podem tomar decisões distantes dos seus locais tradicionais e fixos de trabalho, em que as dimensões de tempo e espaço assumem uma perspectiva diferente e a linearidade dá lugar à paradoxalidade de ação. Foram utilizados multimétodos para a etapa empírica de coleta e de análise dos dados, o primeiro qualitativo, pela realização de um grupo focal e vinte entrevistas em profundidade, e o segundo experimental, em que foi possível observar a ação do indivíduo em uma situação de decisão por meio de um quase-experimento aplicado a um grupo de controle e um grupo experimental. Os resultados revelam que o processo de tomada de decisão em movimento possui características específicas que são evidenciadas pela influência do contexto de mobilidade e pelo uso das tecnologias móveis, em que restrições e contribuições ao processo de tomada de decisão foram identificadas. Observou-se a redução na percepção de qualidade da informação, maior superficialidade e menor foco na ação em primeiro plano, menos tempo para reflexão, a dificuldade na produção e consumo de informações e uma maior exposição ao erro. Por outro lado, observou-se que o contexto de mobilidade pode contribuir para aumentar a agilidade das atividades organizacionais e dos fluxos de decisão, especialmente nos casos em que as decisões são carregadas com um nível menor de complexidade. Não se observou, no entanto, que a decisão em movimento evidencia alguma diferença em relação ao grau de intuição ou de razão empregados. Na perspectiva acadêmica, a pesquisa preenche uma lacuna teórica na compreensão do fenômeno investigado e contribui metodologicamente pela elaboração e utilização de um protocolo experimental para um estudo que envolve mobilidade. Na perspectiva aplicada, essa pesquisa oferece contribuições para os gestores intermediários, para as organizações e para os desenvolvedores de tecnologias. Por fim, é oferecido um conjunto de recomendações para pesquisas futuras.
This research aims to identify and analyze how the enterprise mobility context and the use of mobile technologies can influence individual decision-making on the go, in which three elements can be highlighted. First, the focus is in the process rather than outcomes, and the analysis is on the individual who acts as a middle manager. Second, the phenomenon to be studied is the decision-making, which is one of the main responsibilities of middle managers and has its effects reflected in the success or failure of organizational initiatives. Decision-making is a multifaceted phenomenon that can be understood by different theoretical perspectives. This research has used the perspective based on two cognitive systems that shape the individual decision process: intuition and reason. The third element to be highlighted is the specific context in which this phenomenon is studied, called enterprise mobility, which highlights the decision-making on the go and can be observed as affordances and paradoxes of mobile technology. In this context, middle managers can make decisions away from their traditional and fixed workplaces, in which the dimensions of time and space take on different perspectives and linearity can be replaced by a paradoxical action. Two empirical stages with different participants in each one were used, a qualitative, by holding a focus group and twenty in-depth interviews, and an experimental, in which beyond the perceptions of the individuals was possible to observe the action of the individual in a decision situation by a quasi-experiment applied to a control group and an experimental group. The results show that the decision-making process on the go has specific characteristics that are evidenced by the influence of the enterprise mobility context and the use of mobile technology, where restrictions and contributions to decision-making process have been identified. On the one hand, there is a reduction in the perception of information quality, more superficial and less focus on the action in the foreground, less time for reflection, a difficulty in production and consumption of information and greater exposure to error. On the other hand, it was observed that the mobility helps to increase the agility of the organizational and decision flows, especially in cases in which decisions are loaded with a lower level of complexity. However, the decision making on the go has not evidenced difference in the level of intuition or reason that was used. From the academic perspective, research fills a gap in the theoretical comprehension of the phenomenon investigated and contributes methodologically by the validation and use of an experimental protocol. From the managerial perspective, this research offers contributions to middle managers, organizations in general and technology developers. Finally, this research offered a couple of future research recommendations.
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Grizou, Jonathan. "Apprentissage simultané d'une tâche nouvelle et de l'interprétation de signaux sociaux d'un humain en robotique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0146/document.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse à un problème logique dont les enjeux théoriques et pratiques sont multiples. De manière simple, il peut être présenté ainsi : imaginez que vous êtes dans un labyrinthe, dont vous connaissez toutes les routes menant à chacune des portes de sortie. Derrière l'une de ces portes se trouve un trésor, mais vous n'avez le droit d'ouvrir qu'une seule porte. Un vieil homme habitant le labyrinthe connaît la bonne sortie et se propose alors de vous aider à l'identifier. Pour cela, il vous indiquera la direction à prendre à chaque intersection. Malheureusement, cet homme ne parle pas votre langue, et les mots qu'il utilise pour dire ``droite'' ou ``gauche'' vous sont inconnus. Est-il possible de trouver le trésor et de comprendre l'association entre les mots du vieil homme et leurs significations ? Ce problème, bien qu'en apparence abstrait, est relié à des problématiques concrètes dans le domaine de l'interaction homme-machine. Remplaçons le vieil homme par un utilisateur souhaitant guider un robot vers une sortie spécifique du labyrinthe. Ce robot ne sait pas en avance quelle est la bonne sortie mais il sait où se trouvent chacune des portes et comment s'y rendre. Imaginons maintenant que ce robot ne comprenne pas a priori le langage de l'humain; en effet, il est très difficile de construire un robot à même de comprendre parfaitement chaque langue, accent et préférence de chacun. Il faudra alors que le robot apprenne l'association entre les mots de l'utilisateur et leur sens, tout en réalisant la tâche que l'humain lui indique (i.e.trouver la bonne porte). Une autre façon de décrire ce problème est de parler d'auto-calibration. En effet, le résoudre reviendrait à créer des interfaces ne nécessitant pas de phase de calibration car la machine pourrait s'adapter,automatiquement et pendant l'interaction, à différentes personnes qui ne parlent pas la même langue ou qui n'utilisent pas les mêmes mots pour dire la même chose. Cela veut aussi dire qu'il serait facile de considérer d’autres modalités d'interaction (par exemple des gestes, des expressions faciales ou des ondes cérébrales). Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une solution à ce problème. Nous appliquons nos algorithmes à deux exemples typiques de l'interaction homme robot et de l'interaction cerveau machine: une tâche d'organisation d'une série d'objets selon les préférences de l'utilisateur qui guide le robot par la voix, et une tâche de déplacement sur une grille guidé par les signaux cérébraux de l'utilisateur. Ces dernières expériences ont été faites avec des utilisateurs réels. Nos résultats démontrent expérimentalement que notre approche est fonctionnelle et permet une utilisation pratique d’une interface sans calibration préalableThis thesis investigates how a machine can be taught a new task from unlabeled humaninstructions, which is without knowing beforehand how to associate the human communicative signals withtheir meanings. The theoretical and empirical work presented in this thesis provides means to createcalibration free interactive systems, which allow humans to interact with machines, from scratch, using theirown preferred teaching signals. It therefore removes the need for an expert to tune the system for eachspecific user, which constitutes an important step towards flexible personalized teaching interfaces, a key forthe future of personal robotics.Our approach assumes the robot has access to a limited set of task hypotheses, which include the task theuser wants to solve. Our method consists of generating interpretation hypotheses of the teaching signalswith respect to each hypothetic task. By building a set of hypothetic interpretation, i.e. a set of signallabelpairs for each task, the task the user wants to solve is the one that explains better the history of interaction.We consider different scenarios, including a pick and place robotics experiment with speech as the modalityof interaction, and a navigation task in a brain computer interaction scenario. In these scenarios, a teacherinstructs a robot to perform a new task using initially unclassified signals, whose associated meaning can bea feedback (correct/incorrect) or a guidance (go left, right, up, ...). Our results show that a) it is possible tolearn the meaning of unlabeled and noisy teaching signals, as well as a new task at the same time, and b) itis possible to reuse the acquired knowledge about the teaching signals for learning new tasks faster. Wefurther introduce a planning strategy that exploits uncertainty from the task and the signals' meanings toallow more efficient learning sessions. We present a study where several real human subjects controlsuccessfully a virtual device using their brain and without relying on a calibration phase. Our system identifies, from scratch, the target intended by the user as well as the decoder of brain signals.Based on this work, but from another perspective, we introduce a new experimental setup to study howhumans behave in asymmetric collaborative tasks. In this setup, two humans have to collaborate to solve atask but the channels of communication they can use are constrained and force them to invent and agree ona shared interaction protocol in order to solve the task. These constraints allow analyzing how acommunication protocol is progressively established through the interplay and history of individual actions
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Thorman, Felipe Gerenda. "O efeito de sobrecarga de escolha e o design: o impacto dos sistemas de processamento intuitivo e racional na satisfação do indivíduo." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4745.
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O presente estudo enfatizada a relevância ao design propiciada pela relação interdisciplinar entre os conceitos de sistema produto-serviço (PSS) e sobrecarga de escolha, salientando a satisfação do indivíduo como campo comum de trabalho entre os mesmos. O conceito de “PSS” trabalha produtos e serviços como parte de um sistema unificado, o qual também compreende outros aspectos como comunicação, distribuição, e atores. Já o conceito de “sobrecarga de escolha” se relaciona ao decréscimo na satisfação do indivíduo quando este realiza uma escolha a partir de um conjunto extenso de alternativas. A revisão de literatura acerca deste efeito sugere que o mesmo não se relaciona somente ao número de alternativas envolvidas na tarefa de escolha, mas também às distintas formas por meio das quais o indivíduo pode processar a informação – intuição e raciocínio. Deste modo, o presente estudo investiga o impacto destas formas de processamento da informação sobre o efeito de sobrecarga de escolha através de uma metodologia experimental. Para a coleta de dados, os participantes foram expostos a um conjunto de alternativas de um produto (mp3 player), na qual são manipuladas simultaneamente a quantia de objetos e características que os descrevem. Em adição, os participantes desenvolvem atividades que os levam a processar a tarefa decisória utilizando especificamente intuição ou raciocínio, com o intuito de comparar os resultados obtidos por cada sistema de processamento cognitivo. Os resultados do estudo apresentam que intuição e raciocínio evocam padrões diferentes de processamento da decisão, de maneira que o efeito de sobrecarga de escolha não é despertado unicamente a partir do aumento no número de alternativas envolvidas na tarefa decisória, mas também, na percepção do indivíduo acerca do evento de tomada de decisão. Assim, destaca-se que quando é utilizado o sistema intuitivo, a queda na satisfação do indivíduo se relaciona à elevação em aspectos posteriores à realização da escolha (frustração e arrependimento com a decisão tomada). Foi também revelado que o sistema de raciocíno, além de apresentar as mesmas correlações negativas da satisfação com o arrependimento e frustração com a decisão tomada, ainda correlaciona a queda na satisfação do indivíduo com aumentos na complexidade e sobrecarga percebidas acerca da tarefa decisória, aspectos passíveis de avaliação em um momento anterior à realização da escolha. Deste modo, conclui-se que a satisfação do indivíduo se correlaciona com variáveis distintas de acordo com o sistema de processamento utilizado no processo de julgamento e tomada de decisão.
The present study highlights the relevance to the design field provided by the interdisciplinary relationship between the concepts of product-service system (PSS) and choice overload, emphasizing the individual’s satisfaction as a common ground between both concepts. The PSS considers products and services as part of a unified system, which also includes other components such as communication, distribution, and other actors. The concept of choice overload relates to the decrease in satisfaction when a decision is made based on an extensive set of alternatives. The literature review suggests that the overload effect it is not only related to the number of alternatives involved in the choice task , but also to the different ways through which the individual can process information - intuition and reasoning. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of these forms of information processing information on the overload effect through an experimental method. In regards to data collection, the participants were exposed to a set of alternatives of a product (mp3 player), simultaneously manipulating the amount of products and also the characteristics that describe them. In addition, participants develop activities that lead to the specific usage of intuition or reasoning during the decision task, aiming to compare the results obtained by each system of cognitive processing. The results shows that intuition and reasoning evoke different patterns of processing that leads to the choice itself, thus the choice overload effect is not only activated due to an increase in the amount of alternatives involved in the decisionmaking task, but also on the individual's perception about the decision-making event. It is noteworthy that when the intuitive system is used, the individual’s satisfaction is negatively correlated to aspects assessed after the choice was made (frustration and regret). It was also revealed satisfaction through the reasoning system, besides having the same negative with frustration and regret, is also negatively correlated to the individual’s perceived complexity and burden towards the decision-making task (aspects that may be assessed prior to the decision moment).Therefore, it is concluded that satisfaction correlates with distinct variables according to the processing system utilized during the judgment and decisionmaking process.
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Ferronato, Priscilla Boff. "O uso da intuição na construção de cenários em projetos de design estratégico." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5713.
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A presente pesquisa relaciona o projeto de design a um processo de construção do conhecimento. No decorrer do projeto, ao deparar-se com situações em que possui pouco controle, o designer recorre ao seu conhecimento tácito. O design mediante a sua dimensão estratégica, é capaz de ler os sinais emitidos pelo ecossistema no qual está inserido, interpretá-los e traduzi-los na forma de cenários futuros. Os cenários futuros, no âmbito metaprojetual, são o centro da processualidade do design estratégico. O metaprojeto, na forma de uma plataforma de conhecimentos, possibilita ao designer refletir criticamente sobre o próprio projeto, em um processo não linear e atemporal. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa ao buscar a melhor compreensão do uso da intuição na construção de cenários, é capaz de avançar em direção ao entendimento do processo de projeto. A partir do estudo bibliográfico, o conceito de intuição, fundamentado pela obra de Bergson, relaciona-se enquanto a reconciliação com o imediato. A construção de cenários, outrossim, é percebida como um espaço para a construção de narrativas, em que diferentes pontos de vista são compartilhados. A fim de responder aos objetivos de pesquisa, os dados coletados foram codificados e analisados por meio da linkografia. Os resultados apresentados demonstram que o uso da intuição na construção de cenários, pode se relacionar com a capacidade dos designers em tornarem seus processos imediatos e experimentais, os quais emergem por meio de conexões associativas e holísticas. Nos processos de tomada de decisão, em situações caracterizadas pela incerteza, as quais os participantes apresentaram pouco conhecimento específico, percebeu-se a predominância do uso da intuição. Já nos movimentos de design identificados, oriundos de ações de geração de ideias, a intuição pode relacionar-se a um processo de construção do novo, capaz de direcionar e qualificar o projeto. A intuição, sendo assim, é percebida como um recurso de projeto, uma fonte de informação face o desconhecido; todavia, é intrínseca ao indivíduo e sua análise deve partir do mesmo.
The present research aims to connect the design project to a process of knowledge building. During the design project, when designers face situations that they do not have control of, they use their tacit knowledge. The design, by its strategic dimension, is able to read the signals of its own environment, interpret it and translate into future scenarios. Future scenarios in a metadesign perspective are the centre of the processuality of strategic design. The metadesign, as a knowledge platform, enables the designer to reflect critically on the project itself, in a non-linear and timeless process. Thus, the research tries to better understand the use of intuition in scenario building activities. Consequently, being able to move toward the understanding of design process. From the theoretical study, the definition of intuition is based on Bergson’s studies, the reconciliation with the immediate. Scenario building, therefore, is perceived as a space for the construction of narratives, where different views are shared. In order to meet the research objectives, the data were coded and analyzed by linkographics. The conclusion of this paper shows that the use of the intuition in scenario building activities relates to the ability of the designers to transform their procedures in immediate and experimental, emerging through associative and holistic connections. In the decision-making processes, in situations characterized by uncertainty, where the participants did not have enough specific knowledge, it was possible to see the predominance of the use of intuition. On the other hand, in the design moves characterized as ideation process, intuition can be related to a new construction process, able to drive and to increase the quality of the project. Intuition, therefore, is perceived as a project resource, a source of information against the unknown; however, it is intrinsic to the individual and its analysis should come from him.
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Guimar??es, Ana Paula. "O uso da raz??o e da intui????o na tomada de decis??o estrat??gica e a percep????o de incerteza no ambiente de neg??cios." FECAP - Faculdade Escola de Com??rcio ??lvares Penteado, 2005. http://132.0.0.61:8080/tede/handle/tede/329.
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Previous issue date: 2005-09-27This study is aimed at assessing the use of either reason or intuition as mental frameworks on the strategic decision process, considering the degree of perceived uncertainty on the business environment. It is based on field research data collection, transverse regarding time span and oriented to correlation relationships between variables. The survey was conducted in a sample of 201 professionals working in organizations located at the city of S??o Paulo, Brazil and performing jobs in which strategic decisions are taken. Questionnaires included respondents demographic data, their perceptions about environmental business uncertainty, the existence of stress related to strategic decision taking as well as their personal style of decision making. Results confirmed different degrees of perceived uncertainty on the business environment and revealed six different styles of decision-making and positive associations between: (1) demographic variables such as age, time of professional experience and hierarchical level of the job with the decision-making style adopted; (2) the stress sensation with the perception of uncertainty of State and of Response and (3) the stress sensation with the study operational hypothesis called adjustment (fit). This research fosters the understanding of how the perceived environmental uncertainty affects the strategic decision-making process and helps to identify possible stress sources for the strategic decision maker. It also confirms the role played by age and professional experience in adopting more flexible patterns in decision making such as intuition and reaffirms the point of view of authors who consider stereotyped the statement that: women is the naturally intuitive gender. Finally, it points out as future research the need to explore new ways that can provide a better fit between individual profiles and the degree of environmental uncertainty on the business environment faced by organizations.
O presente estudo avalia a utiliza????o da raz??o e da intui????o no processo decis??rio em estrat??gia, dada certa percep????o de incerteza no ambiente de neg??cios. Baseia-se em uma pesquisa descritiva, com dados prim??rios, de rela????o temporal transversal e delineamento correlacional. O m??todo utilizado foi o de survey , atrav??s da constru????o de dois instrumentos de pesquisa in??ditos, em uma amostra de 201 participantes, composta de profissionais que pertencem a n??veis hier??rquicos que tomam decis??es estrat??gicas nas organiza????es e cujas empresas em que trabalham possuem sede ou escrit??rios na cidade de S??o Paulo, Brasil. Os question??rios foram preparados para coletar dados demogr??ficos do respondente, sua percep????o de incerteza no ambiente de neg??cios, a presen??a de sensa????o de estresse ao tomar decis??es estrat??gicas e seu estilo de tomada de decis??o. Os resultados possibilitam identificar diferentes tipos de percep????o de incerteza, seis estilos decis??rios diferentes, al??m de associa????es entre: (1) vari??veis demogr??ficas tais como idade, tempo de experi??ncia profissional e n??vel hier??rquico com o estilo decis??rio adotado; (2) a sensa????o de estresse com a percep????o de incerteza de Estado e de Resposta e (3) a sensa????o de estresse com a hip??tese de trabalho denominada ajustamento. A elabora????o desta pesquisa contribui para a melhor compreens??o da influ??ncia da percep????o de incerteza quanto ao ambiente de neg??cios, no processo decis??rio em estrat??gia, e para detectar poss??veis fontes de estresse para os tomadores de decis??o. Tamb??m confirma a import??ncia da idade e da experi??ncia profissional na ado????o do estilo intuitivo e reafirma a posi????o de autores que consideram ser uma vis??o estereotipada a afirma????o que: o sexo feminino ?? naturalmente intuitivo. Em continuidade a esta linha de pesquisa, trabalhos futuros poder??o possibilitar novos passos na busca da efic??cia organizacional atrav??s da melhor adequa????o do perfil dos profissionais ao n??vel de incerteza no ambiente de neg??cios vivenciado pelas organiza????es.
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Sellbjer, Stefan. "Real konstruktivism : Ett försök till syntes av två dominerande perspektiv på undervisning och lärande." Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-540.
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The starting-point of the thesis was that teachers to a large extent teach on the basis of intuitive theories. This creates a tendency that a number of frequent conceptions, pedagogical and didactic theories, experiences of one's own school days etc. become parts of a more fragmentary structure of ideas, rather than a coherent theory of teaching. With the aim of creating a deeper understanding of questions related to teaching and learning, two dominating perspectives were described initial. By putting the intuitive ideas in relation to basic paradigmatic assumptions a picture was given of what the teacher has to know in order to thoroughly understand a certain perspective. In addition, examples of pedagogical theories were presented that can be referred to the perspective in question, which teachers can adopt to qualify their understanding. A critical discussion of the paradigmatic assumptions paved the way for a third perspective, where thoughts occurring in the other two were partly combined. Here a theoretical basis was also presented to explain why the use of mental tools of thinking, especially such that are linked to knowledge theory may lead the teacher to a more reflective way of dealing with questions of teaching and learning. The third perspective was illustrated, first with four examples of how teaching can be performed, and then also in the form of in-service training for teachers. In the empirical section and in the final conclusion the perspectives were illustrated, discussed and examined critically. On the basis of questionnaires answered by upper secondary school teachers, interviews and observations, assumed examples of intuitive theories were presented. The empirical material was also analysed from the same starting-points as the formulation of the perspectives. Ten teachers' systems of intuitive theories about teaching and learning could thus be constructed. Five of these were presented and a comparison with the perspectives was made. Some analyses, however, turned out to agree best with a further perspective, which had not been focused on in the thesis. It was also found that teachers' practice can be enriched by being confronted with scientific knowledge. The value of such knowledge was illustrated through the evaluation of an inservice programme for teachers.
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Persson, Marcus, and Ida Sjöholm. "Tro på konspirationsteoriers samband med tankestilar, epistemologiskt oberättigad tro, maktlöshet och utbildningsnivå." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43853.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka ifall intuitivt tänkande, analytiskt tänkande, tro påparanormala fenomen, tro på pseudovetenskap, förkastande av forskning kring klimat,förkastande av forskning kring vaccin, utbildningsnivå, maktlöshet samt tro på enkla lösningarpredicerar tro på konspirationsteorier. Insamlingen av data skedde genom ett icke slumpmässigtbekvämlighetsurval samt frivillighetsurval. Studien var av kvantitativ tvärsnittsdesign med 244deltagare, varav 112 män, 131 kvinnor samt 1 annan/vill ej uppge, i åldrarna 18–80 år (M=37.1,SD=14.5). Resultatet från analysen visade att modellen var signifikant samt att tro påparanormala fenomen (β=.36, p<.001), förkastande av forskning kring vaccin (β=.32, p<.001)och maktlöshet (β=.11, p<.05) var signifikanta prediktorer för tro på konspirationsteorier.Däremot var inte intuitivt tänkande, analytiskt tänkande, tro på pseudovetenskap, förkastandeav forskning kring klimat, tro på enkla lösningar eller utbildningsnivå signifikanta prediktoreri modellen. Resultatet kan ligga till grund för att vidare undersöka tro på konspirationsteorierssamband med andra faktorer än aktuell studies prediktorer i framtida forskning.The purpose of the study was to examine if intuitive thinking, analytic thinking, paranormalbeliefs, pseudoscientific beliefs, rejection of science regarding climate, rejection of scienceregarding vaccine, education, powerlessness and belief in simple solutions predicts belief inconspiracy theories. The data was collected through a non-randomised convenience andvolunteer sampling. The study used a quantitative cross-sectional design with 244 participants,of whom 112 were men, 131 women and 1 other/wish not to say, aged 18–80 (M=37.1,SD=14.5). The result from the analysis showed that the model was significant and that belief inconspiracy theories was significantly predicted by paranormal beliefs, (β=.36, p<.001),rejection of science regarding vaccine (β=.32, p<.001) and powerlessness (β=.11, p<.05).However, the result showed that intuitive thinking, analytic thinking, pseudoscientific beliefs,rejection of science regarding climate, belief in simple solutions and education were notsignificant predictors of belief in conspiracy theories in the model. The result can be used as abasis for future research to further examine belief in conspiracy theories relationship to factorsother than the current study's predictors.
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Jacobsson, Madeleine. "Dr. Eleine Mad." Thesis, Kungl. Konsthögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kkh:diva-587.
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Dr. Eleine Mad är Madeleine Jacobsssons talesperson för dom vetenskapliga och paranormala upptäckter som uppstår i hennes världar. Hon beskriver innehåll, teknik och estetik utifrån ett kategoriseringssytem där konsten delas upp som olika typer av komponenter och därefter avkodas dessa allteftersom. För att förstå intuitionens inblandning i arbetsprocessen omförvandlas den till tre separata roller av en Sökare, Samlare och Myntare. Med rollerna försöker jag beskriva på vilka sätt som intuitionen är till gagn eller av förödelse för det konstnärliga arbetet. Sagan om M handlar om en grodlik karaktär, Delop, som lämnar sin hemplanet för att uppsöka andra världar. I sitt sökande hittar Delop ett folkslag vars syn och levnadssätt skiljer sig från hennes erfarenheter av “verkligheten” såsom hon lärt sig att överleva i den.Dr. Eleine Mad is Madeleine Jacobsson's spokesperson for the scientific and paranormal discoveries that arise in her worlds. She describes content, tecniques and aesthetics based on a categorization system where art is divided into different types of components and then decoded as they go. To understand the intuition's involvement in the work process, it is transformed into three separate roles by a Seeker, Collector and a Myntare(In swedish language the one who is a "myntare" -is verbally declaring a concept or term). With these roles I try to describe in what ways intuition is beneficial or devastating to the artistic work. The story of M is about a frog-like character, Delop, who leaves the home planet to seek out other worlds. In her search, Delop finds a world whose views and lifestyles differ from her experiences of "reality" as she learned to survive in it.
Recorded sound and image material of the presentation is available for private use.
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Trnková, Barbora. "Rozklad černé, technika nedůsledného překládání Světla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232329.
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Im interested in the topic of praying machine, because I want to analyze aspects of photography and its functions. It's known, that the reality is manipulated by photography. Bud we can also say, that the relationship between reality and photography is neutral in fact, that the manipulation is made by our interpretation of photography. The change of the reality can be realized just in the dialog between photography and reality. Can it be, that the mechanization change into the will? Does it prays praying mill or the buddhistic monk, who rotates the mill? When he believes into it, is it enough? Or is it enough if believes who watch the monk with his mill? ... The computers from he place A are "praying" the prayers from the place B. With Tomáš Javůrek we collaborated with Vladimír Veselý and Radek Lát to create the Game for re-articulation our reality on the base of the revision of our faith.
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Swersky, Liz. "Developing Skills for Successful Learning." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-83124.
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Ivashkevych, E., and Yuliia Chala. "Social knowledge, social thinking, social prediction and social intuition in the paradigm of social intellect of a person." Thesis, 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/46371.
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Landry, Linda. "A study of the experience, use, and development of intuition." 1991. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9120905.
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Purpose of the study. Although the use of intuition has been ongoing throughout history and documented in the literature, we do not really know how people actually experience and use their intuition, and consequently there is little information about how to nurture and develop the process. The purpose of this study is to discover how intuition is accessed, used, confirmed, understood, nurtured, and developed. The nature, process, and experience of intuition are explored in order to create a better understanding of this way of knowing. Personal narratives elicit information about how one knows intuitively, responds to and utilizes this information, and develops this inherent ability. Methodology. A qualitative research method was employed to initiate an exploratory, phenomenological investigation. In the traditional approach of the cognitive anthropologist, in-depth interviews were conducted as carefully guided conversations to allow the participants to fully express and explore their own experience, world views, and belief systems. From the interviews, profiles were constructed and subsequently examined by using the technique of content analysis. Information, presented in the profiles, was qualitatively analysed and interpreted to identify domains of understanding and specific dimensions of the intuitive experiences. Results and conclusions. Seven dimensions of the intuitive experience were identified as significant areas of interest and concern. Examining the dimensions of access, response, use, confirmation, meaning, development, and constraints provided the format to compare and contrast the participants' experiences, understandings, and beliefs. The themes of trust and source of intuitive information were elucidated. The full experience of intuition as a gestalt was explored to better understand the essence of the intuitive experience. The participants articulated many ways they use intuition, identified ways they nurture it, and speculated about ways they can further develop it. The participants gained expanded insights into their own process and experience, while generating information that has far reaching implications for further study. They found intuition intrinsic in developing interpersonal relationships, communicating caring, reaching meta-levels of understanding, making decisions, and creating meaning. Sometimes surprised, they spoke of the pervasive use of intuition at the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual levels of awareness.
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Castro, Elisabete Maria Faria Cardoso. "Intuition or Rationality: an exploratory study on serial entrepreneurs' decision-making processes." Dissertação, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/75521.
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Castro, Elisabete Maria Faria Cardoso. "Intuition or Rationality: an exploratory study on serial entrepreneurs' decision-making processes." Master's thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/75521.
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Diniz, João Pinto. "Intuition and Data in Decision Making: How does Uncertainty affect the Decision Making Process?" Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/87663.
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Diniz, João Pinto. "Intuition and Data in Decision Making: How does Uncertainty affect the Decision Making Process?" Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/87663.
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"Social preferences as the result of social intuition or self-control? Effect of controlled and automatic components in prosocial decision making." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549613.
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從雙加工的角度來看，個人在社會困境中的決策是自動加工和控制加工相互作用的結果。基於對不同方向的研究結論的回顧，我們提出兩個不同的親社會行為模型，自我控制者模型和社會直覺者模型。這兩個模型在對人性有不同的假設，且對自動加工和控制加工在親社會行為中所扮演的角色有不同的分配。具體來說，自我控制者模型假定個人的親社會性是表面的，人們的親社會行為主要來自控制加工--監測並調整以使人們的行為更符合社會規範。社會直覺者模型假定個人的親社會性是天生的，人們的親社會行為主要來自自動加工--社會交換啟發式把人們的行為錨定在教高的親社會水平上。我們在三個實驗中比較並探討了兩個模型在描述人們在資源困境中的親社會行為的適用性，以及自動加工和控制加工在決策過程中所扮演的角色。我們使用了通常用於分離兩種加工模式的範式，包括操控個人的自我調節的資源（實驗1），認知資源（實驗2），加工目標（實驗3）。三個實驗的結果一致地支持自我控制者型，即人類的親社會行為是控制加工的結果。在考慮到社會偏好的個體差異之後，我們發現，親自我個體的行為非常符合自我控制者模型。研究3和探索性分析結果也支持作為理性思考者的親自我個體，他們的親社會行為在很大程度上依賴於控制加工--通過計算和透徹思考來控制自私本能。親社會個體的合作行為沒有符合自我控制者模型的預測。探索性分析表明， 作為直覺思考者的親社會個體， 他們的親社會行為取決於利用啓發式和直覺的自動加工。我們認為，儘管三項研究的證據都支持自我控制者模型，它只反映到故事的一部分。我們需要考慮到社會偏好的個體差異並檢驗社會交換啓發式對親社會個體的合作行為的中介作用以深入對人類親社會性的了解。From a dual-processing perspective, individuals’ decision-making in social dilemmas is the result of interplay between automatic processing and controlled processing. Based on review on different lines of research, a self-controller model and an social intuitionist model of decision-making in social dilemmas are proposed with opposing assumptions about nature of human prosociality as well as roles assigned to the automatic processing and controlled processing. Specifically, the self-controller model assumes individuals’ prosociality is skin-deep, and major contribution of one’s prosociality comes from controlled processing, through monitoring and regulating one’s behavior to confirm to social norms; while the social intuitionist model assumes individuals’ prosociality is innate, and major contribution of one’s prosociality comes from the automatic processing through utilizing social exchange heuristics and intuitions that anchor individuals’ behavior on a cooperative end. In three studies, we compared applicability of the two models in depicting prosocial behavior in a resource dilemma with different paradigms that are typically used to dissociate two modes of processing. These include manipulations on individuals’ self-regulatory resources (Experiment 1), cognitive resources (Experiment 2), and processing goals (Experiment 3). Results from three experiments consistently advocated the self-controller model indicating that human’s prosociality is the result of controlled processing. Taking individual differences concerning social preferences into the analyses, we found that proselfs’ behavior was best described by the self-controller model. Results from study 3 and exploratory analysis also support that prosociality of proselfs depend heavily on controlled processing, in which people control their selfish instinct with calculation and deliberation. Prosocials’ cooperative behavior did not follow prediction of the self-controller model. Instead, result from exploratory analyses suggests that prosociality of prosocials, as intuitive thinkers, depend more on automatic processing, in which people express their prosociality through utilizing heuristics and intuitions. We conclude that, although evidence from three studies favors the self-controller model, it only reflects part of the story. We need to take individual difference in social preferences in to consideration in order to deepen our understanding of the human prosociality and more effort should be done in testing mediating role of the social exchange heuristics for prosocials’ cooperativeness.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Lu, Su.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-52).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Dual-processing of Prosocial Decision-making --- p.3
A Self-controller Model --- p.4
A Social Intuitionist Model --- p.6
Comparison of Two Models --- p.7
Potential Moderator: Individual Differences in Social Preferences --- p.10
Differences in Automatic Processing? --- p.11
Differences in Controlled Processing? --- p.12
Dissociation of the Two Modes of Processing --- p.13
Cognitive Load --- p.14
Ego-depletion --- p.14
Instruction Induction of the Two Modes of Processing --- p.15
Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- OVERVIEW OF CURRENT RESAERCH --- p.16
Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- EXPERIMENT ONE --- p.17
Method --- p.17
Results --- p.20
Discussion --- p.22
Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- EXPERIMENT TWO --- p.23
Method --- p.23
Results --- p.25
Discussion --- p.27
Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- EXPERIMENT THREE --- p.27
Method --- p.28
Results --- p.29
Discussion --- p.31
Chapter CHAPTER FIVE: --- EXPLORATORY ANALYSES --- p.32
Differences in Self-control Capacity/motivation? --- p.32
Differences in Reliance on Intuitive Thinking? --- p.33
Chapter CHAPTER SIX: --- GENERAL DISCUSSION --- p.35
Proselfs as Self-controllers vs. Prosocials as Social Intuitionists --- p.36
Measuring Social Preferences as the Result of Controlled Processing --- p.37
Limitations and Future Directions --- p.38
Implicit vs. Explicit Measure of Social Preferences --- p.40
Further Issues about Social Exchange Heuristics --- p.41
REFERENCES --- p.43
43
Loureiro, Filipe Pereira. "Intuition for the intuitive : On the interplay between lay conceptions of intuition and the influence of intuition appeals in persuasion." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/8253.
Full textAbstract:
Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos
necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em
Psicologia na área de especialização de Psicologia
Social apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário no ano de
2021.
44
Naicker, Phatamavathy. "Factors influencing the decision making process of social workers rendering forster care services : a decision-making matrix as guideline for social workers." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27423.
Full textAbstract:
Decisions made by social workers during the rendering of services play a crucial role
in foster care. This study employed a qualitative approach to explore the factors that
influence the decisions made by social workers when rendering foster care services,
and to develop a matrix to guide decision-making. A collective case study design,
informed by the explorative, descriptive and contextual designs, was used. The
intuitive, analytic and mixed theories of decision-making served as the conceptual
framework of the study. The populations of the study were social workers rendering
foster care services in government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and
their supervisors. One case file of each social worker sampled, was consulted as an
additional data source. The sampling technique was purposively sampling with a set
of criteria to enable data optimisation. Triangulation of data collection methods was
utilised, namely, case file analysis and semi-structured interviews with social workers
and supervisors. Case studies are context-based and the data collection occurred in
the natural settings of the participants. Ethical clearance was obtained for the study
and before the commencement of data collection participants were fully briefed about
the study and informed consent was obtained. The data collection instruments, a
guide of case file analysis and two interview guides, were piloted twice in both
government and NGOs. The data collection was audio recorded and an independent
transcriber was used to transcribe the data to control for researcher-influence on the
manipulation of the data. Trustworthiness was addressed by ensuring credibility,
transferability, dependability and confirmability of the data collected. Both the top
down or deductive data analysis approach, and the bottom up or inductive approach
were adopted to analyse the data. Findings on the social workers’ decision-making
processes, decisions made, factors influencing decision-making and the nature of
decisions were explored and described in the assessment phase (including the intake,
prevention and early intervention, as well as the investigation stages), the placement
phase and the supervision phase of foster care services. These findings and the
participants’ suggestions on what a decision-making matrix should address, were
synthesised and the matrix to guide the decision-making of social workers rendering
foster care services was developed.Social Work
D. Phil (Social Work)
45
Crête, Josianne. "La complémentarité et la place de différents types de savoirs dans l'intervention psychosociale en réadaptation physique." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4211.
Full textAbstract:
En réadaptation en déficience physique, les intervenantes psychosociales utilisent
plusieurs types de savoirs, mais la relation entre ceux-ci est peu étudiée. Ce projet
regarde quelle place ces intervenantes accordent à différents types de savoirs dans
leurs pratiques.
Nous distinguons savoirs théoriques, produits scientifiquement, savoirs pratiques,
produits par l’action et l’expérience, et savoirs existentiels, englobant croyances et
valeurs. Les données recueillies qualitativement par huit entrevues semi-dirigées
auprès d’intervenantes psychosociales en réadaptation ont été codifiées et analysées
horizontalement et verticalement.
Ceci démontre que tous les savoirs ont une place dans l’intervention et qu’ils
devraient être égaux et complémentaires. Ils remplissent des fonctions influençant
divers aspects de l’intervention ou s’adressant à différents acteurs, à différents
moments de l’intervention. Ce projet a permis de construire des savoirs pratiques et
des savoirs théoriques qui ont des retombées sur la pratique et la recherche, mais
laissent plusieurs points en suspens à reprendre ultérieurement.Social workers practicing in the physical rehabilitation field work with different types of knowledge, but only a few studies looked into the relationship between them. The present research project aims at understanding the place these social workers allow different types of knowledge in their practice. We distinguish theoretical knowledge, produced scientifically, practice knowledge, built from action and experience, and existential knowledge, like beliefs and values. The information collected qualitatively from eight semi-directed interviews with these social workers was codified and analyzed horizontally and vertically. This demonstrates that all types of knowledge have a place in practice and are equal and complementary. They fulfill different functions either addressed to specific actors, and moments in intervention, or to many of them at once. This project produced both practical and theoretical knowledge that have an impact on practice and research, but that leave some unresolved questions to get back to in the future.
46
Naicker, Phatamavathy. "Factors influencing the decision making process of social workers rendering foster care services : a decision-making matrix as guideline for social workers." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27423.
Full textAbstract:
Decisions made by social workers during the rendering of services play a crucial role
in foster care. This study employed a qualitative approach to explore the factors that
influence the decisions made by social workers when rendering foster care services,
and to develop a matrix to guide decision-making. A collective case study design,
informed by the explorative, descriptive and contextual designs, was used. The
intuitive, analytic and mixed theories of decision-making served as the conceptual
framework of the study. The populations of the study were social workers rendering
foster care services in government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and
their supervisors. One case file of each social worker sampled, was consulted as an
additional data source. The sampling technique was purposively sampling with a set
of criteria to enable data optimisation. Triangulation of data collection methods was
utilised, namely, case file analysis and semi-structured interviews with social workers
and supervisors. Case studies are context-based and the data collection occurred in
the natural settings of the participants. Ethical clearance was obtained for the study
and before the commencement of data collection participants were fully briefed about
the study and informed consent was obtained. The data collection instruments, a
guide of case file analysis and two interview guides, were piloted twice in both
government and NGOs. The data collection was audio recorded and an independent
transcriber was used to transcribe the data to control for researcher-influence on the
manipulation of the data. Trustworthiness was addressed by ensuring credibility,
transferability, dependability and confirmability of the data collected. Both the top
down or deductive data analysis approach, and the bottom up or inductive approach
were adopted to analyse the data. Findings on the social workers’ decision-making
processes, decisions made, factors influencing decision-making and the nature of
decisions were explored and described in the assessment phase (including the intake,
prevention and early intervention, as well as the investigation stages), the placement
phase and the supervision phase of foster care services. These findings and the
participants’ suggestions on what a decision-making matrix should address, were
synthesised and the matrix to guide the decision-making of social workers rendering
foster care services was developed.Social Work
D. Phil (Social Work)
47
Naicker, Pathamavathy. "Factors influencing the decision making processes of social workers rendering foster care services : a decision-making matrix as guideline for social workers." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27423.
Full textAbstract:
Decisions made by social workers during the rendering of services play a crucial role
in foster care. This study employed a qualitative approach to explore the factors that
influence the decisions made by social workers when rendering foster care services,
and to develop a matrix to guide decision-making. A collective case study design,
informed by the explorative, descriptive and contextual designs, was used. The
intuitive, analytic and mixed theories of decision-making served as the conceptual
framework of the study. The populations of the study were social workers rendering
foster care services in government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and
their supervisors. One case file of each social worker sampled, was consulted as an
additional data source. The sampling technique was purposively sampling with a set
of criteria to enable data optimisation. Triangulation of data collection methods was
utilised, namely, case file analysis and semi-structured interviews with social workers
and supervisors. Case studies are context-based and the data collection occurred in
the natural settings of the participants. Ethical clearance was obtained for the study
and before the commencement of data collection participants were fully briefed about
the study and informed consent was obtained. The data collection instruments, a
guide of case file analysis and two interview guides, were piloted twice in both
government and NGOs. The data collection was audio recorded and an independent
transcriber was used to transcribe the data to control for researcher-influence on the
manipulation of the data. Trustworthiness was addressed by ensuring credibility,
transferability, dependability and confirmability of the data collected. Both the top
down or deductive data analysis approach, and the bottom up or inductive approach
were adopted to analyse the data. Findings on the social workers’ decision-making
processes, decisions made, factors influencing decision-making and the nature of
decisions were explored and described in the assessment phase (including the intake,
prevention and early intervention, as well as the investigation stages), the placement
phase and the supervision phase of foster care services. These findings and the
participants’ suggestions on what a decision-making matrix should address, were
synthesised and the matrix to guide the decision-making of social workers rendering
foster care services was developed.Social Work
D. Phil (Social Work)
48
Vujadinovic, Sara. "From intuition to intensity." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/54179.
Full textAbstract:
This work represents my area of interest and research in the field of performance arts – intuition,
intensity, unconsciousness. On the one hand, it contains the theoretical research and the
arguments I got to searching for the answers for my own convictions. On the other hand, it
includes and relates to the practical experience of the internship in the company “Joao Garcia
Miguel”, the way I gained the experience there and the way it influenced my research.Este trabalho representa a minha área de interesse e pesquisa no campo das artes performátivas - intuição, intensidade, inconsciência. Por um lado, contém a pesquisa teórica e os argumentos que eu encontrei durante a procura de respostas para minhas próprias convicções. Por outro lado, inclui e relaciona-se com a experiência prática do estágio na empresa “João Garcia Miguel”, a forma como ganhei a experiência e a forma como influenciou a minha pesquisa.
49
Gueudet, Ghislaine. "Le rôle du géométrique dans l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de l'algèbre linéaire." Phd thesis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00930634.
Full textAbstract:
De nombreux enseignants de l'université déclarent que les étudiants rencontreraient moins de difficultés en algèbre linéaire s'ils avaient développé " l'intuition géométrique " nécessaire. Notre recherche a pour objectif de répondre aux questions qu'une telle affirmation peut susciter. Nous précisons dans un premier temps ce que l'on peut entendre par l'expression " intuition géométrique ". Nous analysons ensuite les interventions d'une telle intuition dans la genèse historique de l'algèbre linéaire. Nous nous penchons alors sur le processus de transposition qui a conduit à l'introduction de l'algèbre linéaire dans l'enseignement supérieur et secondaire. Nous montrons que celui-ci a accentué les liens entre algèbre linéaire et géométrie. L'algèbre linéaire n'est plus enseignée actuellement au lycée en France ; cependant, certaines notions de géométrie rencontrées au lycée sont ensuite revues en algèbre linéaire. Nous étudions l'évolution de ces notions, et de types de tâches associés à ces notions, depuis le secondaire jusqu'en DEUG, voire en licence ou maîtrise. Nous soulignons les ruptures, mais également les continuités effectives ou possibles. Nous avons interrogé étudiants et enseignants afin de décrire les recours au géométrique faits par les enseignants dans leurs cours, et ceux faits par les étudiants dans leurs pratiques en algèbre linéaire. Pour les étudiants, nous observons de plus les liens entre recours au géométrique et compréhension de l'algèbre linéaire. Ces différents éléments nous permettent enfin de faire des propositions d'enseignement de l'algèbre linéaire mettant à profit autant que possible le recours au géométrique.
50
Rodrigues, Maria Inês Lopes. "Alimentação consciente e alimentação Intuitiva: a sua relação com a ingestão alimentar compulsiva, a alimentação emocional e variáveis de saúde." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/8425.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário
para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade
de Psicologia Clínica.A Alimentação Consciente (AC) e a Alimentação Intuitiva (AI) são abordagens de comportamento alimentar baseadas na premissa de confiar nos sinais fisiológicos de fome e saciedade. Com o objetivo de explorar preditores da AC e AI, e o seu impacto em variáveis de saúde, desenvolveram-se dois modelos de equações estruturais. A amostra englobou 960 participantes que completaram a Escala de Alimentação Intuitiva (IES-2), o Questionário de Alimentação Consciente (MEQ), a Escala de Compulsão alimentar (BES) e o Questionário de Três Fatores do Comportamento Alimentar (TFEQ-R21). O primeiro e o segundo modelo que testam, respetivamente, a relação entre a AC ou a AI, e comportamento alimentar disfuncional, variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde, demonstraram uma qualidade de ajustamento sofrível (1: χ2/df = 4.803; CFI = .843; GFI =.874, TLI = .818; RMSEA = .063; 2: χ2/df = 4.914; CFI =.888; GFI =.861, TLI = .873; RMSEA = .064). Indivíduos com comportamentos de ingestão compulsiva mais graves e maior frequência de comportamentos de alimentação emocional manifestavam comportamentos menos frequentes de resposta emocional (β = -.249, p < .001; β = -.689, p < .001) e de desinibição (AC) (β = -.492, p < .001; β = -.149, p < .001), e pareciam comer menos por razões físicas e não emocionais ( β= - .147, p<.001; β = -.754, p < .001). A AC esteve significativamente associada à AI (r = 0.457; p = < .01). Contudo, falta ainda perceber quais as implicações práticas da utilização destas abordagens em conjunto ou separadamente.
Mindful Eating (ME) and Intuitive Eating (IE) are approaches to eating behavior based on the premise of trusting in hunger and satiation’s physiological signs. With the aim of exploring ME and IE predictions, as well as their impact on health variables, two structural equations models were developed. The sample included 960 participants which completed the IES-2 - Intuitive Eating Scale; MEQ - Mindful Eating Scale; BES – Binge Eating Scale and TFEQR21 – Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. The first and the second model that test, respectively, the relation between ME or IE, and disfunctional eating behavior, sociodemographic and health variables have shown a reasonable adjustment quality (1: χ2/df = 4.803; CFI = .843; GFI = .874, TLI = .818; RMSEA = .063; 2: χ2/df = 4.914; CFI = .888; GFI = .861, TLI = .873; RMSEA = .064). Individuals with more serious compulsive ingestion attitudes displayed less frequent emotional responses behaviors (β = -.249, p < .001; β = -.689, p < .001) (ME) and disinhibition (β = -.492, p < .001; β = -.149, p < .001) (ME), and seemed to eat less not so much for emotional reasons as for physical ones (β = -.147, p < .001; β = - .754, p < .001). ME was significantly connected to IE (r = 0.457; p = < .01). However, we still need to understand which pratical implications of use both collectively and separately.