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1
Lowndes, Leil. How to feel confident: Simple tools for instant success. London: HarperElement, 2009.
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Ella, Hassanien Aboul, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Computational Social Networks: Tools, Perspectives and Applications. London: Springer London, 2012.
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Illich, Ivan. Tools for conviviality. London: Boyars, 1985.
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1974-, Hoff Thomas, and Bjørkli Cato A, eds. Embodied minds--technical environments: Conceptual tools for analysis, design and training. Trondheim: Tapir Academic Press, 2008.
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Association, Information Resources Management. Virtual communities: Concepts, methodologies, tools and applications. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2011.
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Make light work in groups: 10 tools to transform meetings, companies and communities : a guide for leaders, entrepreneurs, activists, managers, parents, and anyone else who wants to help groups thrive. Vancouver, Canada: Incite Press, 2012.
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Quadflieg, Sven, Klaus Neuburg, and Simon Nestler, eds. (Dis)Obedience in Digital Societies. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839457634.
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Algorithms are not to be regarded as a technical structure but as a social phenomenon - they embed themselves, currently still very subtle, into our political and social system. Algorithms shape human behavior on various levels: they influence not only the aesthetic reception of the world but also the well-being and social interaction of their users. They act and intervene in a political and social context. As algorithms influence individual behavior in these social and political situations, their power should be the subject of critical discourse - or even lead to active disobedience and to the need for appropriate tools and methods which can be used to break the algorithmic power.
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Shah, Rawn. Social networking for business: Choosing the right tools and resources to fit your needs. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Wharton School Pub., 2010.
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Shah, Rawn. Social networking for business: Choosing the right tools and resources to fit your needs. Indianapolis: Wharton School Pub., 2010.
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10
Jafrancesco, Elisabetta, and Matteo La Grassa, eds. Competenza lessicale e apprendimento dell’Italiano L2. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-403-8.
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This volume addresses the teaching and learning of vocabulary in Italian L2 from different points of view, defining an updated and heterogeneous framework. The articles focus on wide-ranging topics: advances in acquisitional linguistics research, studies on interlanguage, results of psycholinguistic research, the role of teaching technologies, the use of multimedia lexicographic tools, new attention to languages for specific purposes, analysis of interactions on social networks. Each of these topics is treated specifically referring to the lexical dimension and to the possible applicative effects on the teaching of Italian L2.
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Illich, Ivan. Tools for Conviviality. Heyday Books, 1989.
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12
1974-, Hoff Thomas, and Bjørkli Cato A, eds. Embodied minds--technical environments: Conceptual tools for analysis, design and training. Trondheim: Tapir Academic Press, 2008.
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13
Fu, Wai-Tat, Mingkun Gao, and Hyo Jin Do. Computational Methods for Socio-Computer Interaction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799603.003.0016.
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From the Arab Spring to presidential elections, various forms of online social media, forums, and networking platforms have been playing increasing significant roles in our societies. These emerging socio-computer interactions demand new methods of understanding how various design features of online tools may moderate the percolation of information and gradually shape social opinions, influence social choices, and moderate collective action. This chapter starts with a review of the literature on the different ways technologies impact social phenomena, with a special focus on theories that characterize how social processes are moderated by various design features of user interfaces. It then reviews different theory-based computational methods derived from these theories to study socio-computer interaction at various levels. Specific examples of computational techniques are reviewed to illustrate how they can be useful for influencing social processes for various purposes. The chapter ends with how future technologies should be designed to improve socio-computer interaction.
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Hy, Resnick, ed. Electronic tools for social work practice and education. New York: Haworth Press, 1994.
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15
Matei, Sorin Adam, Elisa Bertino, and Martha G. Russell. Transparency in Social Media: Tools, Methods and Algorithms for Mediating Online Interactions. Springer London, Limited, 2015.
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Matei, Sorin Adam, Elisa Bertino, and Martha G. Russell. Transparency in Social Media: Tools, Methods and Algorithms for Mediating Online Interactions. Springer, 2015.
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Matei, Sorin Adam, Elisa Bertino, and Martha G. Russell. Transparency in Social Media: Tools, Methods and Algorithms for Mediating Online Interactions. Springer, 2016.
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Hoey, Elliott M. When Conversation Lapses. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190947651.001.0001.
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This book analyzes how people behave in and around lapses in conversation. Lapses are moments when all participants have the option to speak, but refrain from doing so. Through four empirical studies, the author examines silences in actual transcribed instances of social interaction using the tools of conversation analysis.
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Colón, Edgar Rivera. From Fire Escapes to Qualitative Data: Pedagogical Urging, Embodied Research, and Narrative Medicine’s Ear of the Heart. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360192.003.0012.
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The author begins with a lyrical and evocative description of a cilantro-green fire escape from which he observed the neighborhood of his childhood, explaining that the work of the ethnographer is rooted in experiences of observation and experience. Drawing upon these tools of social interaction, training in qualitative research methods can help students to discover and reframe their already practiced skills in the social observation and interpretation with which they, and all of us, traverse the world. The embodied and reflexive nature of this practice is emphasized, with attention to the observer’s own social positionality and identity. Citing William Stringfellow’s proposal that “listening…is a primitive act of love,” the author proposes that qualitative research and narrative medicine both offer frameworks for such listening, with implications of political and social liberation.
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Gauvain, Mary. Sociocultural Contexts of Development. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0017.
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This chapter describes the mutually defining and supportive relations between psychological development and the sociocultural contexts in which development occurs. It begins with the historical and functional basis of these relations offered by evolutionary psychology. Then the chapter discusses sociocultural contexts and why they are important for understanding development. Two contexts are highlighted: (1) social interaction that conveys cultural knowledge and ways of thinking to children and (2) participation in everyday activities, cultural practices, and cultural tools that embody the goals, and means to reach these goals, that are valued in the culture. The chapter aims to demonstrate how studying the sociocultural contexts of development provides unique and valuable insight into psychological growth.
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Parrington, John. Mind Shift. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801634.001.0001.
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This book draws on the latest research on the human brain to show how it differs strikingly from those of other animals in its structure and function at molecular and cellular level. It argues that this ‘shift’, enlarging the brain, giving it greater flexibility and enabling higher functions such as imagination, was driven by tool use, but especially by the development of one remarkable tool—language. The complex social interaction brought by language opened up the possibility of shared conceptual worlds, enriched with rhythmic sounds and images that could be drawn on cave walls. This transformation enabled modern humans to generate an exceptional human consciousness, a sense of self that arises as a product of our brain biology and the social interactions we experience. Linking early work by the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky to the findings of modern neuroscience, the book also explores how language, culture, and society mediate brain function, and what this view of the human mind may bring to our understanding and treatment of mental illness.
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Glasgow, Joshua, Sally Haslanger, Chike Jeffers, and Quayshawn Spencer. What Is Race? Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190610173.001.0001.
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What is race? This is a question that has haunted human interaction and vexed scholars. In this book, four race theorists debate how best to answer it, applying philosophical tools and principles of social justice to cutting-edge findings from the biological and social sciences. Each of the authors presents a distinct view of race. Sally Haslanger argues that race is a sociopolitical reality. Chike Jeffers maintains that race is not only political but also, importantly, cultural. Quayshawn Spencer pursues the idea that race is biologically real. And Joshua Glasgow argues that either race is not real, or if it is, it must be real in a way that is neither social nor biological. Each offers an argument for their own view and then replies to the others. The result is a lively debate that shines a light on multiple ways of thinking about race.
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Clark Barrett, H. Dynamics of Culture Change and Cultural Stability among the Shuar of Ecuador. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0011.
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This chapter examines the dynamics of culture change and cultural stability among the Shuar, an indigenous Amazonian society in southeastern Ecuador. While the Shuar have always engaged in transactions with markets and global flows in Ecuador and beyond, rapid changes in technology and infrastructure in the Amazon region are leading to changes in economic and social practices, norms, ideologies, and modes of interaction within and across Shuar society. The conceptual tools of cultural evolutionary theory may help readers to understand which aspects of Shuar social and economic life remain relatively stable through these transitions and which aspects undergo rapid change and why. This chapter proposes a framework for theorizing domains of change and stasis in contemporary Shuar culture and suggests ways in which this framework can be applied to understanding broader questions about the dynamics of human cultural history.
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Dacome, Lucia. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736189.003.0001.
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Over the course of the eighteenth century, anatomical models were propelled to the forefront of the anatomical world. The Introduction highlights how anatomical models became important social, cultural, and political as well as medical tools. Moreover, it sheds light on what a microhistorical perspective can offer to the study of anatomical modelling and anatomical displays. On the one hand, it points to how such an approach allows us to appreciate the fluidity of meaning that characterized the early stages of anatomical modelling and the variety of actors, including makers, students, artists, and lay audiences, who were involved in its development. On the other hand, it situates anatomical modelling in the context of a complex world of social interaction that encompassed various domains, including artisanal, antiquarian, devotional, and medical cultures; patronage and commerce; the emerging phenomenon of celebrity; and the development of observational practices that were incidental to Grand Tour culture.
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Gorwa, Robert. Poland. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190931407.003.0005.
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This chapter provides the first overview of political bots, fake accounts, and other false amplifiers in Poland. Based on extensive interviews with political campaign managers, journalists, activists, employees of social media marketing firms, and civil society groups, the chapter outlines the emergence of Polish digital politics, covering the energetic and hyper-partisan “troll wars,” the interaction of hate speech with modern platform algorithms, and the recent effects of “fake news” and various sources of apparent Russian disinformation. The chapter then explores the production and management of artificial identities on Facebook, Twitter, and other social networks—an industry confirmed to be active in Poland—and assesses how they can be deployed for both political and commercial purposes. Overall, the chapter provides evidence for a rich array of digital tools that are increasingly being used by various actors to exert influence over Polish politics and public life.
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Shah, Rawn. Social Networking for Business: Choosing the Right Tools and Resources to Fit Your Needs. FT Press, 2010.
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Fedosov, Anton. Supporting the Design of Technology-Mediated Sharing Practices. Carl Grossmann, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24921/2020.94115943.
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Online social networks have made sharing personal experiences with others mostly in form of photos and comments a common activity. The convergenceof social, mobile, cloud and wearable computing expanded the scope of usergeneratedand shared content on the net from personal media to individual preferencesto physiological details (e.g., in the form of daily workouts) to informationabout real-world possessions (e.g., apartments, cars). Once everydaythings become increasingly networked (i.e., the Internet of Things), future onlineservices and connected devices will only expand the set of things to share. Given that a new generation of sharing services is about to emerge, it is of crucialimportance to provide service designers with the right insights to adequatelysupport novel sharing practices. This work explores these practices within twoemergent sharing domains: (1) personal activity tracking and (2) sharing economyservices. The goal of this dissertation is to understand current practices ofsharing personal digital and physical possessions, and to uncover correspondingend-user needs and concerns across novel sharing practices, in order to map thedesign space to support emergent and future sharing needs. We address this goalby adopting two research strategies, one using a bottom-up approach, the otherfollowing a top-down approach.In the bottom-up approach, we examine in-depth novel sharing practices within two emergent sharing domains through a set of empirical qualitative studies.We offer a rich and descriptive account of peoples sharing routines and characterizethe specific role of interactive technologies that support or inhibit sharingin those domains. We then design, develop, and deploy several technology prototypesthat afford digital and physical sharing with the view to informing the design of future sharing services and tools within two domains, personal activitytracking and sharing economy services.In the top-down approach, drawing on scholarship in human-computer interaction (HCI) and interaction design, we systematically examine prior workon current technology-mediated sharing practices and identify a set of commonalitiesand differences among sharing digital and physical artifacts. Based uponthese findings, we further argue that many challenges and issues that are presentin digital online sharing are also highly relevant for the physical sharing in thecontext of the sharing economy, especially when the shared physical objects havedigital representations and are mediated by an online platform. To account forthese particularities, we develop and field-test an action-driven toolkit for designpractitioners to both support the creation of future sharing economy platformsand services, as well as to improve the user experience of existing services.This dissertation should be of particular interest to HCI and interaction designresearchers who are critically exploring technology-mediated sharing practicesthrough fieldwork studies, as well to design practitioners who are building and evaluating sharing economy services.
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Sun, Huatong. Global Social Media Design. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845582.001.0001.
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Social media users fracture into tribes, but social media ecosystems are globally interconnected technically, socially, culturally, and economically. At the crossroads, Huatong Sun, author of Cross-Cultural Technology Design, presents theory, method, and case studies to uncover the global interconnectedness of social media design and reorient universal design standards. Centering on the dynamics between structure and agency, Sun draws on practices theories and transnational fieldwork and articulates a critical design approach. The culturally localized user engagement and empowerment (CLUE2, or CLUE-squared) framework extends from situated activity to social practice and connects macro institutions with micro interactions to redress asymmetrical relations in everyday life. Why were Japanese users not crazed about Facebook? Would Twitter have been more successful than its copycat Weibo in China if not banned? How did mobilities and value propositions play out in the competition of WhatsApp, WeChat, LINE, and KakaoTalk for global growth? Illustrating the cultural entanglement with a relational view of design, Sun provides three provocative accounts of cross-cultural social media design and use. Concepts such as affordance, genre, and uptake are demonstrated as design tools to bind the material with the discursive and leap from the critical to the generative for culturally sustaining design. Sun calls to reshape the crossroads into a design square where differences are nourished as design resources, where diverse discourses interact for innovation, and where alternative design epistemes thrive from the local. This timely book will appeal to researchers, students, and practitioners who design across disciplines, paradigms, and boundaries to bridge differences in this increasingly globalized world.
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Carson, Christie. Performance, Presence, and Personal Responsibility. Edited by James C. Bulman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199687169.013.8.
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What remains of the 2012 Globe to Globe Festival through the globeplayer.tv seems to have yoked neo-Victorian ideals of the 1851 Great Exhibition to twenty-first-century social media marketing tools. The globeplayer.tv helps to spread the Globe brand internationally but at a price. This chapter argues that the festival she experienced was much more than a product and that individual productions within it reclaimed, as well as wrote back to, imperial attitudes and the project of civilizing the natives through Shakespeare. Linking analysis to the reassessment of history as experience and digital marketing as storytelling, the chapter argues that performance criticism has nowhere to go but back to its origins in theatre history, chronicling the interaction and political implications of specific performances. The author traces how how she travelled through the performances to help create the archive of the festival and likens her role to ‘Chorus to this history’.
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Denise, Peerbhoy, Smith Alicia, Birchall Jacqueline, and Merseyside Dance Initiative, eds. Out of reach: A Merseyside Dance Initiative (MDI) practical evaluation project on the impact of dance as a tool of social interaction. Liverpool: Merseyside Dance Initiative, 2002.
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Morello, Gustavo S. J. Lived Religion in Latin America. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579626.001.0001.
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This book is about religion and modernity, how religion interacts with modern culture, and how modernity influences religion. “Modernity” signifies not only technological developments, but also the dynamics of capitalism, the differentiation of social functions, specialization of spheres of knowledge, and expansion of human rights. By religion is meant the cultural practices people use to connect with a suprahuman power that they experience as influencing their lives. The thesis presented is that in Latin America there is an interaction between modernity and religion, but the result has not been religion’s diminishment (secularization), but its transformation. Exploring religion as ordinary Latin Americans practice it, the research presented in this book discovered that there is more religion than secularists expect, but of a different kind than religious leaders would wish. The difficulty in assessing religiosity as it exists in Latin America is due in part to the continuing use of categories that were not designed for religious cultures outside the North Atlantic world. Those categories point us toward a different kind of dynamics, which in fact obscure Latin American religious dynamics. If we look at religion from the perspective of Latin America and of the people who practice it there, we will find a different definition and different conceptual tools for understanding the religious experience of Latin American people, and these new tools help us to look at religion in a different way.
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Beek, Jan. Money, Morals and Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676636.003.0015.
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This chapter describes how police officers use specific choreographies, tools and rhetorics, that is, registers that evoke different moral orders: violence, law, social order, sociability, and the market. Even at the much-criticized traffic checks, police officers attempt to render their actions more legitimate by selecting and deselecting specific registers. In this view, stateness is not a substantial essence but a quality of the police that emerges out of this interplay of registers in everyday interactions.
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Zaidman-Zait, Anat, and Tova Most. Assessment of Pragmatic Abilities in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Learners in Relation to Social Skills. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190880545.003.0022.
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Pragmatic behaviors are related to the social use of language in an appropriate and effective way. As a result of their hearing loss, many deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) learners who use spoken language have pragmatic difficulties in everyday interactions. Assessing pragmatic competence is the most challenging aspect of language ability to assess and there are few efficient, valid, and reliable sound tools for this purpose in DHH learners. The successful use of pragmatic skills is particularly important to DHH children’s social and emotional functioning in the educational system, including their self-confidence, motivation, social adjustment, peer acceptance, and popularity. This chapter discusses the assessment of pragmatic abilities in DHH learners and argues that pragmatic abilities are fundamental to DHH learners’ social-emotional functioning. A case example will be provided and implications for educational assessment and intervention will be discussed.
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Russell, Cristel Antonia, Dale W. Russell, and Joel W. Grube. Substance Use and the Media. Edited by Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381678.013.19.
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This chapter reviews the research relating to substance use portrayals and marketing in media. Research suggests that alcohol and tobacco marketing through traditional advertising, but also through product placements in film and television and other new forms of promotion, are prevalent. Youth may be especially exposed to these marketing efforts. New interactive electronic media, including social media, mobile phones, and games are increasingly important marketing tools. Overall, there is good evidence that exposure to tobacco marketing and portrayals are related to smoking behaviors, especially among youth. Evidence regarding exposure to alcohol marketing and portrayals also indicates that it is correlated with drinking behaviors among youth. Less is known about the effects of exposure to other substance use portrayals or about new media. There is some evidence that social marketing through media campaigns or entertainment media may have socially desirable effects. Future research should focus on emerging media and marketing techniques.
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Kockelman, Paul. The Art of Interpretation in the Age of Computation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190636531.001.0001.
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This book is about media, mediation, and meaning. It focuses on a set of interrelated processes whereby seemingly human-specific modes of meaning become automated by machines, formatted by protocols, and networked by infrastructures—that is, the way computation replaces interpretation, information effaces meaning, and infrastructure displaces interaction. The book asks: what does it take to automate, format, and network meaningful practices; what difference does this make for those who engage in such practices; and what are the stakes? Reciprocally it questions how can we better understand computational processes from the standpoint of meaningful practices; how can we leverage such processes to better understand such practices; and what lies in wait. In answering these questions, this book stays very close to fundamental concerns of computer science as they emerged in the middle part of the twentieth century. Rather than foreground the latest application, technology, or interface, it tries to account for processes that underlie each and every digital technology being deployed today. And rather than use the tools of conventional social theory to investigate such technologies, it leverages key ideas of American pragmatism—a philosophical stance that understands the world, and our relation to it, in a way that avoids many of the conundrums and criticisms of twentieth-century social theory. It puts this stance in dialogue with certain currents and key texts in anthropology and linguistics, science and technology studies, critical theory, computer science, and media studies.
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Pozdnyakov, Konstantin. Тhe impact of regional investment interaction on economic growth potential of the Russian Federation. Znanie-M, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/00187-043-2.2021.1.234.
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The purpose of the monography is to elaborate the concept of the development of inter-regional investment cooperation by identifying the trends and features of its impact on the economic growth potential of the macro-region. The monography consists of the introduction, three chapters, conclusion and applications, as well as a list of references. The first chapter substantiates theoretical approaches to the essence, conditions and factors of regional development and the content of interregional investment cooperation in the current socio-economic conditions, analyzes the features of institutional design and the mechanisms for regulating regional cooperation for economic growth and development purposes, taking into account the Russian and foreign experience on the example of the European Union. The second chapter, basing on the economic analysis, identifies the trends in the development of the regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation in terms of emerging macro-regions. A model has been proposed to assess the extent of the region’s economy’s involvement in inter-regional relations, which would allow to determine the dependence of variables such as interregional exchange, investment and gross regional product. Using mathematical modeling tools, the impact of these factors on the growth of the gross regional product of the Central Federal District of Russia, as well as its two regions — Moscow and Belgorod region — was evaluated. The third chapter identifies the prospects for the development of interregional investment cooperation in the Central Black Earth macro-region of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. The concept of developing inter-regional investment cooperation in the macro-region within the framework of the creation of a network of territories ahead of socioeconomic development (PSEDA) has been developed. The mechanism of inter-regional investment cooperation in the framework of the creation and development of the territories ahead of socio-economic development (PSEDA) has been adapted in order to form the points of economic growth in the macro-region. The main text of the monography is laid out on 234 pages and is illustrated with 21 drawings and 40 tables. The monography contains 4 applications. The references list includes 144 units.
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Brescia, Ray. The Future of Change. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748110.001.0001.
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This book identifies a series of “social innovation moments” in American history. Through these moments—during which social movements have embraced advances in communications technologies—the book illuminates the complicated, dangerous, innovative, and exciting relationship between these technologies, social movements, and social change. It shows that, almost without fail, developments in how we communicate shape social movements, just as those movements change the very technologies themselves. From the printing press to the television, social movements have leveraged communications technologies to advance change. In this moment of rapidly evolving communications, it is imperative to assess the role that the Internet, mobile devices, and social media can play in promoting social justice. But first we must look to the past, to examples of movements throughout American history that successfully harnessed communications technology, thus facilitating positive social change. Such movements embraced new communications technologies to help organize their communities; to form grassroots networks in order to facilitate face-to-face interactions; and to promote positive, inclusive messaging that stressed their participants' shared dignity and humanity. Using the past as prologue, the book provides effective lessons in the use of communications technology so that we can have the best communicative tools at our disposal—both now and in the future.
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Duff, Andrew I., Judith A. Habicht-Mauche, and M. Steven Shackley. Minerals. Edited by Barbara Mills and Severin Fowles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199978427.013.41.
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This chapter discusses the procurement of clay, temper, and mineral pigments (including lead) used to make pottery, as well as tool stone, salt, and turquoise, by people in the Southwest. This chapter also discusses the distribution of these minerals and the analytical means used by archaeologists to source them. Some of these materials were available near residences, while others were located at greater distances, requiring trade relationships or sojourns to acquire. When resources were procured from considerable distances, their procurement was often enmeshed in ritual. The procurement and circulation of these resources are critical to models of social, political, and economic interaction in Southwest archaeology.
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Martinez Machain, Carla, Michael A. Allen, Michael E. Flynn, and Andrew Stravers. Beyond the Wire. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197633403.001.0001.
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Abstract The book studies how U.S. military deployments abroad serve as a tool of public diplomacy that can both support and undermine the international liberal order established by the United States. It develops and systematically tests a theory of public opinion toward the United States, its people, and its global non-invasion military deployments. Positive interactions with servicemembers, including routine daily interactions and the economic flows from a deployment, serve as a form of public diplomacy, improving perceptions of military deployments and the United States as a whole. However, negative events and experiences stemming from deployments, like crime, pollution, and controversial mission types can produce negative reactions among local populations. The book explores these subjects, including chapters devoted to understanding how different forms of contact, reported experiences with crimes involving US service members, and belonging to minority communities, all affect views of the US military presence in a state. We The book also looks at how these factors shape reported involvement in protests against the US, and broader trends in anti-US protest events around the world. The book argues that curtailing servicemember engagement in the community is a policy that can backfire on the US military's long-term objectives, as removing day-to-day positive social interactions with US personnel diminishes one of the main sources of goodwill toward US deployments. It proposes that US policy should focus not on isolating deployed forces from local populations but on regulating interactions in a way that maximizes the potential for beneficial social connections and minimizes harm to host populations.
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Dowding, Keith. Rational Choice and Political Power. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529206333.001.0001.
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Rational Choice and Political Power is a classic text republished with two new chapters. It critiques the three dimensions of power showing that we can explain everything the dimensions are designed to highlight using the tools of rational choice theory. It argues power is best seen as a property of agents, and can be measured by looking at their relative resources. Breaking down power resources into five abstract categories we can see why groups of individuals can fail to secure their best interests due to the collective action problem. We can also define objective interests in through the lens of collective action. Despite power being seen as a property of agents rational choice models of power provide structural Explanation. The power and luck structure is the relationship in agential resource-holding given agents preferences. The book explains the difference between power and systematic luck – the latter is where groups, including powerful ones – can get what they want without doing anything simply because of their social location in the power and luck structure. The book engages with some feminist critiques of seeing power in rational choice terms and includes some methodological discussion of the relationship of methodological individualism and structuralism and then that the concept of power is essentially contested. This book’s unique interaction with both classical and contemporary debates makes it an essential resource for anyone teaching or studying power in the disciplines of sociology, philosophy, politics or international relations.
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Henderson, Desirée. ‘The Impudent Fellow Came in Swareing’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814221.003.0009.
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This chapter examines the almost fifty-year-long diary written by Elizabeth Drinker, a Quaker woman residing in Philadelphia at the end of the eighteenth century. It argues that Drinker employed her diary as a tool to define the boundaries of her community, which included her immediate family and surrounding Quaker society. The focus of the chapter is on two moments in which Drinker represents and responds to the intrusion of a male stranger into her home and family, and the threats they present to the female members of her community, in order to explore her gendered understanding of belonging. Through the diaristic devices of naming and relational terminology, and by documenting space, movement, and social interaction, Drinker writes her community into being and grants herself the rhetorical authority to keep it safe.
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Daiute, Colette. Imagination in Community Engagement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190468712.003.0013.
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Imagining is a sociocultural process, wrought of interactions, relationships, and provocations. This chapter presents theory and illustrations of that process as relational imagining—using diverse expressive media to interact, from diverse speaker/author perspectives, for a variety of important purposes, with diverse actual and implied others and environments. Drawing on practical research, the author discusses relational imagining in several places where children, adolescents, and adults struggling with extreme challenges—war, poverty, segregation—collectively employed expressive media as cultural tools to understand what was going on around them and to imagine how things might be better. Participants in community contexts used diverse expressive media, such as narratives, letters, and policy documents, to mediate relations with diverse individuals and social structures affecting their lives. Interestingly, participating children, adolescents, and adults used some media in some relational arrangements to conform to local cultural norms, but used others to imagine novel possibilities. Implications of relational imagining for human development theory and practice are considered.
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Smith, Wendy K., Marianne W. Lewis, Paula Jarzabkowski, and Ann Langley, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Paradox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754428.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Organizations are rife with paradoxes. Contradictory and interdependent tensions emerge from and within multiple levels, including individual interactions, group dynamics, organizational strategies, and the broader institutional context. Examples abound such as those between stability and change, empowerment and alienation, flexibility and control, diversity and inclusion, exploration and exploitation, social and commercial, competition and collaboration, learning and performing. These examples accentuate the distinctions between concepts, positing their potential opposition; either A or B. Yet the social world is pluralistic, and comprises multiple, interwoven tensions, in which the relationship between A and B persists in a dynamic, ever-changing relationship. In the last thirty years, the depth and breadth of paradox studies in organizational theory has grown exponentially, surfacing new insights and applications while challenging foundational ideas, and raising questions around definitions, overlapping lenses, and varied research and managerial approaches. In this book, renowned organizational scholars draw from diverse lenses, theories, and empirics to depict paradox within organizational studies and provide a range of lenses and tools with which to understand and conduct research into such phenomena. In doing so, we hope these chapters re-energize continued insight on organizational paradox, plurality, tensions, and contractions.
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Glăveanu, Vlad P. The Possible. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197520499.001.0001.
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This book explores an eminently human phenomenon: our capacity to engage with the possible, to go beyond what is present, visible, or given in our existence. Possibility studies are an emerging field of research including topics as diverse as creativity, imagination, innovation, anticipation, counterfactual thinking, wondering, serendipity, the future, social change, hope, agency, and utopia, among others. The present contribution to this wide field is represented by a sociocultural and pragmatist account of the possible grounded in the notions of difference, position, perspective, dialogue, action, and culture. Put simply, this theory proposes that our explorations of the possible are enabled by our human capacity to relate to the world from more than one position and perspective and to understand that any perspective we hold is, at all times, one among many. Such an account transcends the long-standing dichotomy between the possible and the real, a sterile separation that ends up portraying possibility as separate from and even opposed to reality. On the contrary, the theory of the possible advanced in this book goes back to this notion’s etymological roots (the Latin possibilis—“that can be done,” from posse—“to be able”) and considers it as both a precondition and outcome of human action and interaction. Exploring the possible doesn’t take place outside of or in addition to our experience of the world; rather, it infiltrates it from the start, infuses it with new meanings, and ends up transforming it altogether. This book aims to offer conceptual, methodological, and practical tools for all those interested in studying human possibility and cultivating it in education, the workplace, everyday life, and society.
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Wilson, Robyn S., Sarah M. McCaffrey, and Eric Toman. Wildfire Communication and Climate Risk Mitigation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.570.
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Throughout the late 19th century and most of the 20th century, risks associated with wildfire were addressed by suppressing fires as quickly as possible. However, by the 1960s, it became clear that fire exclusion policies were having adverse effects on ecological health, as well as contributing to larger and more damaging wildfires over time. Although federal fire policy has changed to allow fire to be used as a management tool on the landscape, this change has been slow to take place, while the number of people living in high-risk wildland–urban interface communities continues to increase. Under a variety of climate scenarios, in particular for states in the western United States, it is expected that the frequency and severity of fires will continue to increase, posing even greater risks to local communities and regional economies.Resource managers and public safety officials are increasingly aware of the need for strategic communication to both encourage appropriate risk mitigation behavior at the household level, as well as build continued public support for the use of fire as a management tool aimed at reducing future wildfire risk. Household decision making encompasses both proactively engaging in risk mitigation activities on private property, as well as taking appropriate action during a wildfire event to protect personal safety. Very little research has directly explored the connection between climate-related beliefs, wildfire risk perception, and action; however, the limited existing research suggests that climate-related beliefs have little direct effect on wildfire-related action. Instead, action appears to depend on understanding the benefits of different mitigation actions and in engaging the public in interactive, participatory communication programs that build trust between the public and natural resource managers. A relatively new line of research focuses on resource managers as critical decision makers in the risk management process, pointing to the need to thoughtfully engage audiences other than the lay public to improve risk management.Ultimately, improving the decision making of both the public and managers charged with mitigating the risks associated with wildfire can be achieved by carefully addressing several common themes from the literature. These themes are to (1) promote increased efficacy through interactive learning, (2) build trust and capacity through social interaction, (3) account for behavioral constraints and barriers to action, and (4) facilitate thoughtful consideration of risk-benefit tradeoffs. Careful attention to these challenges will improve the likelihood of successfully managing the increasing risks that wildfire poses to the public and ecosystems alike in a changing climate.
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Totelin, Laurence, Laurence Totelin, Iona McCleery, Elaine Leong, Lisa Wynne Smith, Jonathan Reinarz, Todd Meyers, and Claudia Stein, eds. A Cultural History of Medicine in Antiquity. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474206693.
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Patient, disease and physician were the three corners of the ‘medical triangle’ according to one of the texts attributed to Hippocrates, a famous ancient Greek doctor. This volume, covering a period from roughly 800 BCE to 800 CE, examines and deconstructs these three aspects of ancient medicine in the Mediterranean world. It shows that, while physicians sought to assert themselves as experts in the medical art, they had to contend with numerous other healers whose methods, remedies and tools patients often favoured. It explores the ways in which civic entities, cities, kingdoms and empires, and their officials directly and indirectly shaped medical encounters and discoveries. It examines the interaction between medicine and the environment, non-human animals and plants. To attempt a cultural history of medicine in antiquity requires bringing together a wealth of sources: the texts attributed to Hippocrates, Galen and other medical authors are not neglected, but they are studied alongside other literary and historical works, letters on papyri, funerary inscriptions celebrating healers, surgical tools and bioarchaeological remains. While discussing the enduring cultural impact of classical Greek and Roman medicine in the West, through texts such as the Hippocratic Oath or names of diseases and types of medicines, this volume reveals the various ways in which health, disease and medical treatments were experienced diversely in the ancient world, according to gender, socio-economic class and ethnicity.
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Hari, Riitta. Magnetoencephalography. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0035.
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This chapter introduces magnetoencephalography (MEG), a tool to study brain dynamics in basic and clinical neuroscience. MEG picks up brain signals with millisecond resolution, as does electroencephalography, but without distortion by skull and scalp. The chapter describes current instrumentation based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). It delineates basic characteristics of measured signals: (1) brain rhythms and their reactivity during sensory processing and various tasks and (2) evoked responses elicited by sensory stimuli, and the dependence of these responses on various stimulus characteristics. Signals are described from healthy and diseased brains. The chapter presents studies of the brain basis of cognition and social interaction studied in dual-MEG setups and describes how MEG applications can be broadened by innovative setups, including frequency tagging. Progress in the field is predicted regarding sensor technology, data analysis, and multimodal brain imaging, all of which could strengthen MEG’s role in the study of brain dynamics.
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Thagard, Paul. Mind-Society. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190678722.001.0001.
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Social change comes from the combination of communication among people and their individual cognitive and emotional processes. This book systematically connects neural and psychological explanations of mind with social phenomena, covering major social sciences (social psychology, sociology, politics, economics, anthropology, and history) and professions (medicine, law, education, engineering, and business). The aim is not to reduce the social to the psychological but rather to display their harmony and interdependence. This display is accomplished by describing the interconnections among mental and social mechanisms, which interact to generate social changes ranging from marriage patterns to wars. The major tool for this description is the method of social cognitive-emotional workups, which connects the mental mechanisms operating in individuals with social mechanisms operating in groups. Social change is the result of emergence from interacting social and mental mechanisms, which include the neural and molecular processes that make minds capable of thinking. Validation of hypotheses about multilevel emergence requires detailed studies of important social changes, from norms about romantic relationships to economic practices, political institutions, religious customs, and international relations. This book belongs to a trio that includes Brain–Mind: From Neurons to Consciousness and Creativity and Natural Philosophy: From Social Brains to Knowledge, Reality, Morality, and Beauty. They can be read independently, but together they make up a Treatise on Mind and Society that provides a unified and comprehensive treatment of the cognitive sciences, social sciences, professions, and humanities.
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Cultural Rights for a Tunisian-Spanish Bridge. Teseo, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55778/ts698571034.
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<p>This book has its origin in the project “<a href="https://humanrightsandculture.com/">A Tunisian-Spanish Bridge for Counteracting Violent Extremism and Xenophobia through the Right to Take Part in Cultural Life</a>”<i>, </i>financed by the <a href="https://www.culturalfoundation.eu/">European Cultural Foundation (ECF)</a>.</p><p>The idea behind this book, in line with the project, is tooffer some toolswhich can contribute in the fighting of misconceptions concerning cultural identities and in the construction ofinclusive societies. A more specific objective of this book is to contribute to the developing of a conceptual reflection on cultural rights and linked topics and to offer new ways for designing intercultural artistic education tools enabling interactions between young people and children of diverse cultures. The creation of the <a href="https://humanrightsandculture.com/">Cultural-Artistic Group Kasserine-Madrid</a>, some of which results are included in this group, is an exemple of these tools.</p><p>The book is divided in three parts. The first one includes some of the contributions presented by experts in the field of Social Sciences and Law during two seminars organised with the support both of the ECF and of Rey Juan Carlos University. The second part gathers personal and artistic experiences presented or developed within this project. Finally, the third part includes the “Charter of Cultural Rights of Children” created and developed during this project as well.</p>
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Oleshko, V. F., and E. V. Oleshko. Mass media as a mediator of communicative and cultural memory. Ural University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3074-4.0.
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In the monograph, the process of mediatization is considered in the context of not only the conditions for the development of journalism as a convergent and ubiquitous digitalization of content, but also as a tool for social interaction. Using the example of modern media as a mediator of communicative and cultural memory, the most important indicators of the development of modern Russian society based on civilizational humanistic traditions are identified and systematized. By using the sociological data obtained by the authors of this monograph, as well as studying the practices of identifying representatives of the “analog” and “digital” generations of the mass audience, it is possible to capture significant elements of the process of mediatization. Particular attention is paid to intergenerational communication based on discursive texts and modeling of media activities. The monograph is of interest to philologists, media researchers, specialists in the field of related humanitarian disciplines, and will also be useful to practicing journalists, graduate students, and students of creative specialties.