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Journal articles on the topic 'Social integration – Europe, Eastern'
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1
Lipietz, A. "Social Europe, Legitimate Europe: The Inner and Outer Boundaries of Europe." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 11, no. 5 (October 1993): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d110501.
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The legitimation of Europe as a ‘homeland’ does not depend only upon formal democracy, but upon a social compromise, as the example of the unification of Germany has shown. But this unification of a social Europe matches two problems, (1) The different nations constituting the EC are already engaged in different paths. Legitimation of the EC requires more integration of its social governance, (2) The other countries at the boundary of the EC (Eastern Europe, Turkey, Magreb) are very different. Their integration would mean disintegration; the integration of the EC without them would exclude them. The author explores this paradox of ‘integration/exclusion’ from the social, political, and cultural point of view. The risks of a new boundary ‘Europe/barbarians’ (across the EC itself) will be outlined. Some suggestions will be made.
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Bianchini, Stefano. "L'Europa orientale a venti anni dal 1989." PASSATO E PRESENTE, no. 78 (October 2009): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pass2009-078001.
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- Eastern Europe twenty years on looks retrospectively at the radical changes that have occurred in East-Central Europe since 1989. Despite the Cold War, cultural, economic and social exchanges and "métissages" had developed between the two parts of Europe. The communist collapse of 1989 offered a simultaneous opportunity of reforms and integration, given the interdependence between the "post-socialist transition" and the double process of the Eu enlargement and deepening. Nationalism however has emerged in opposition to integration (and globalization) in both Eastern and Western Europe, giving a new dimension to processes that increasingly have emphasized how Europe is no longer divided in an East-West dichotomy, but displays similar problems in dealing with diversity, social welfare, effective governance and mutual recognition.Key words: Post-socialist transition, European Union, métissage, Nationalism, Globalization.Parole chiave: transizione post-socialista, Unione europea, meticciato, nazionalismo, globalizzazione.
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Aartsen, Marja, and Gražina Rapolienė. "Loneliness and Trust: An East-West Comparison in Europe." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2062.
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Abstract Loneliness in later life is two times more prevalent in Eastern and Southern European countries than in Northern and Western European countries. One explanation that is put forth is the difference in expectations about social relations. We examine a not often evaluated role of trust in society as factor contributing to the country differences in loneliness. We adopt the trust-as-antecedent model of social integration, and assume that social integration is associated with loneliness. We use data of respondents aged 65 and over participating in the European Social Survey and conduct a latent factors path analysis to examine the effect of trust in the system and trust in people on social capital and loneliness. Loneliness is two times more prevalent in Eastern Europe than the rest of Europe (26% vs 10%), levels of trust are substantially lower in Eastern European countries, which in turn is associated with higher levels of loneliness.
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Engle, Eric. "A Viking We Will Go! Neo-Corporatism and Social Europe." German Law Journal 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 633–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200018769.
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In Viking and Laval, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) adjudicated the rights of labor and capital mobility under E.U. law. Both cases strengthen the single European market through economic liberalization to generate greater prosperity for all Europeans as part of the process of European economic and political integration. Labor and capital mobility create greater prosperity for all through more rational market exchanges. Free trade is good for goods and is even better for labor. A liberalized and fully mobilized labor market results in more productivity and greater wealth in the European polity, as well as interdependence, and thereby deeper integration resulting in greater understanding and less conflict. The decisions, wrongly criticized by some as “bad for workers” are justified by the fact that they will benefit workers in Eastern Europe, consumers in Western Europe, and the Community as a whole by deepening integration. A key challenge for the European Union is to economically anchor and deepen the political restructuring of Eastern Europe by enabling the natural labor and capital movements which an open marketplace generates. Europe does this not with the failed neo-liberal model which has ravaged the wealth of the United States and squandered it in illusory booms based on consumer borrowing and deficit spending to fund war for oil. Rather, Europe is developing a neo-corporatist social model. This article uses the Viking and Laval cases as examples of this development.
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Hnidyk, Iryna. "Central and Eastern Europe in European Unity Vision of St. John Paul II through Heritage of St. Cyril and Methodius." Hiperboreea 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.6.1.0017.
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Abstract During the Soviet and post-Soviet period, countries of Central and Eastern Europe experienced difficult social transformation processes. At the same time, these states remained marginal in European integration projects. In this context, the European integration vision of Pope John Paul II became relevant. He emphasized the important role of Central and Eastern part of Europe, its identity, spiritual and cultural heritage in the context of the European unity concepts. St. Cyril and Methodius became the special symbols and the personification of identity of Central and Eastern Europe in Pope's vision. On the basis of analysis of researches, works and speeches the connection between the figures of St. Cyril and Methodius and the European vision of John Paul II is analysed. Particular attention is paid to his interpretation of actuality of St. Cyril and Methodius heritage for modern Europe in three important aspects: European integration, ecumenism, spiritual and cultural European identity.
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SAR, MARCIN. "The Evolution of Centripetal Fraternalism: The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 481, no. 1 (September 1985): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716285481001009.
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The author comments on the dynamics of Moscow's effort to reconcile its pursuit of control over Eastern Europe with its interest in a viable Eastern Europe, one that is stable and capable of self-sustaining development. Although Moscow has always exercised control in military matters, it allowed some Eastern Europeans economic independence in the 1970s. Changing circumstances in the 1980s, however, have caused the Kremlin to rethink its relationships with its Eastern European “satallies”— half satellites, half allies. Moscow faces dilemmas in areas such as energy, agriculture, the Eastern European states' relations with the West, economic reforms occurring in Eastern Europe, and integration within COMECON. How Moscow resolves these dilemmas lies at the core of its future relationships with Eastern Europe. Other important factors include the lessons learned from Poland, East Germany's evolving relationship with the Federal Republic of Germany, and China's growing economic and political initiatives vis-à-vis Eastern Europe.
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Seeliger, Martin. "(Counter-)Narrating European integration." Communication & Language at Work 7, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/claw.v7i1.123263.
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In order to maintain social standards within the European Union, trade unions have to overcome national differences to form common political positions. Especially against the background of the recent enlargement rounds, the crafting of such positions has become a daunting task. In this context, the European Services Directive has posed an important challenge to trade unions: The so-called ‘country of origin principle’ implied that workers were supposed to be employed in line with the standards of the sending- and not the receiving country. After lengthy discussions between representatives from Eastern and Western Europe, the trade unionists managed to form a joint political line and forced the European Commission to remove the principle. In order to challenge the hegemonic neoliberal narrative of the common market bringing freedom and prosperity to the countries of Europe, the article will show how the counternarrative of a European Social Model served as a reference frame for this joint position.
8
Pasetti, Francesco. "Configurations of Immigrant Integration Policies in Europe: An Exploratory Appraisal." World Affairs 182, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0043820019825935.
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Today, in all European countries, it is possible to identify a framework of policies addressing immigrants’ integration. By considering the various areas of policies concerned with such a phenomenon, the present study identifies the existence of shared patterns of responses across countries. I do so by introducing the concept of configuration of integration policies (CIP) and relying on a hierarchical cluster analysis. The analysis identifies two main shared-configurations for dealing with immigrant integration cutting across the East/West cleavage, with the Eastern configuration more restrictive than the Western one, especially in the areas of labor, education, political participation, and citizenship; they are, instead, closer to each other as they pertain to family, residence, and antidiscrimination; namely, in policy areas concerned with salient human rights issues and targeted by European directives. This evidence speaks to the broad debate in the field of immigrant integration policies, paving the way for further research and theoretical speculation.
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Trujillo, Casas, and Jennyfer Paola. "International Students’ Social Integration Experiences During Their Higher Education in Europe." Studies in Educational Management 12 (December 2022): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/sem.2022.12.03.
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The increase in academic mobility in Europe has inspired many to contribute to the special literature regarding internationalization. This contribution is quite timely, as the need to understand the ties between higher education and internationalization is great. Considering that mobility has predominantly occurred in Western Europe, special attention must be focused on Eastern Europe’s Higher Educational endeavors. This study focuses on the Central European country of Hungary, and therein more specifically on its second largest city, Debrecen. The University of Debrecen currently hosts around 7000 international students, and every year this number increases. With such promising and ever-increasing numbers, it is a constant mission of the university to research and report on the life experiences of its international students, regarding their academic, social, and cultural aspects. In this present study the focus will be the social aspect of students whose nationality is represented by more than one hundred persons at the university. Content analysis was employed to analyze structured interviews to identify categories. The findings reveal four main categories to be relevant in their social adaptation: (1) the university, (2) networks students build, (3) language barriers, and (4) healthcare.
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Galgóczi, Béla. "Economic and Social Balance of 15 Years of Eastern Enlargement." Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/cjers.v13i2.2563.
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The Eastern EU enlargement (2004, 2007, 2013) is still one of the success stories of the EU (and unprecedented in the world), but at the same time it is controversial and is perceived as controversial. One of the core problems has been its unbalanced character: the whole process had a clear `Single Market` focus and the values of a `Social Europe` were of secondary importance. Based on a neofunctionalist approach the paper discusses the integration of the new member states from the point of view of economic and income convergence. Along with a literature review, data on wages, productivity and output will be analysed to demonstrate that upward convergence of the poorer new member states towards the EU average had been stalled in wake of the 2009 crisis. The resulting cleavages put the core hypothesis of the neofunctionalist approach - that EU integration has a `direction` in terms of an upwards convergence - into question.
11
Shishkov, Yuri. "Differences between Integration in Eastern and Western Europe: Economic and Political Causes." Government and Opposition 24, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1989.tb00726.x.
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SINCE THE 1950s, THERE HAS BEEN A GROWTH OF REGIONAL integration, not only in Europe, but in other continents too. It is based on a deep foundation: the ‘real socialization’ of production. This means that production is transformed from a process confined within narrow groups to an ever-widening social process, whereby the production or consumption of each individual depends to a growing extent on the production and consumption of all membersof the society, the limits of which are continuously expanding to mankind as a whole.
12
Adamczyk, Sławomir. "Inside the trade union family: The ‘two worlds’ within the European Trade Union Confederation." European Journal of Industrial Relations 24, no. 2 (March 2, 2018): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680118760630.
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The enlargement of the EU in 2004 and 2007 to the post-communist states of Central and Eastern Europe brought an encounter between two distinct ‘trade union worlds’ in terms of attitudes towards European integration. Unions from the old EU Member States want to defend their existing national standards, while those from Central and Eastern Europe have nothing to defend and look for solutions at EU level. I ask whether it is possible for the European Trade Union Confederation to realize a trade union vision of ‘Social Europe’ based solely on the perspectives of the West.
13
Copeland, Paul. "The Ordinary Legislative Procedure in a Post-Brexit EU: The Case of Social Europe." Politics and Governance 9, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i1.3704.
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This article assesses the political and power dynamics of the Ordinarily Legislative Procedure (OLP) in social Europe and the likely impact of the UK’s departure in the field for future integration. It provides a detailed analysis of the OLP in social Europe during two recent periods of integration in the field—the first Barroso Commission (2004–2009) and the Juncker Commission (2014–2019). It finds the dynamics of the OLP have shifted from intergovernmental deadlock during the Barroso Commission to the characteristics of a new intergovernmental core state power during the Juncker Commission, even though the policy area is not a core state power <em>per se</em>. Despite the use of qualified majority voting policy agreements can only be achieved when there is near unanimity support in the Council, the Commission remains a neutral broker, and the Parliament shifts its position to that of the Council. As a result, continued opposition to integration in social Europe by Northern and Eastern Members means the removal of UK political agency will have only a marginal impact on the slow and piecemeal approach to integration in the field.
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Kozłowski, Artur Roland, and Myron Yankiv. "Ukraine’s Gradual Westernization - the Eastern Dimension of the European Integration." WSB Journal of Business and Finance 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wsbjbf-2021-0001.
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Abstract The research is aimed at identifying the prospects related to select areas of integration of Ukraine with the countries of the European Union, in the context of their choice of civilisational identity in the 21st century. The identity is understood as a civilisational category, hence it equally refers to spiritual culture (history and related fields) and material culture (first of all: technology and economy). The proper understanding of a dilemma faced by Eastern Europeans requires references to the sources of cultural legacy which shape social emotions significant for that region, in order to outline the prospects for the ongoing processes, with the use of the adequate political analysis. Considering relations between academic activities and practice, the research is of applied character, and its aim is to increase scientific knowledge of European legacy of Ukraine with regard to the processes of European integration. The systemisation of the current knowledge of the process of integration taking place in Eastern Europe is to provide a diagnosis oriented towards identification of a place and an attitude towards the contemporary European integration processes represented by Ukraine. The subject of the research is the process of social and political European integration and the place of Eastern Europe in a system perceived as such. The authors present their attempts at providing an answer to the following question: Do – and to what extent - Ukraine tend to follow the pro-Western orientation in the selected areas of their operations and do this country develop their institutional cooperation with the European Union?
15
Vasiljevic, Jelena. "Contentious politics in the European (post-socialist)(semi-)periphery: Mapping rebellion and social protests in southeast and eastern Europe." Filozofija i drustvo 29, no. 4 (2018): 615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1804615v.
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This essay takes a critical and reflective look at two recently published books on contentious politics in the Balkans and Eastern Europe: Social Movements in the Balkans (ed. by F. Bieber and D. Brentin, Routledge 2018) and Ideology and Social Protests in Eastern Europe (V. Stoyanova, Routledge 2018). Focusing on regions somewhat neglected in scholarly analyses of the recent global upsurge of protests, these books aim to fill the gap by highlighting some contextual and regional specificities: a position of economic and geo-political (semi)periphery, weak or unconsolidated democratic institutions, post-socialist and transitional environments, societal (ethnic) divisions, etc. By critically assessing both contributions, in a manner that looks for their complementarity, this essay: examines the characteristics of popular mobilizations and grievances in Southeast and Eastern Europe; questions dominant narratives of political and economic transition and EU integration; re-evaluates socialist heritage and post-socialist political trajectories; discusses the (im) possibilities of articulating political alternatives to representative democracy and free market economy; and addresses the burden of conflicting memories and attitudes towards the region?s socialist past (and, in case of post-Yugoslav states, ethnic conflicts from the 1990s).
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Somlyódy, László, and Miklós Patziger. "Urban wastewater development in Central and Eastern Europe." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 1081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.289.
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In the early nineties the region of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE, more than 1 million km² and 100 million inhabitants) went through fundamental political, economic and social changes which eventually led to the European integration process. This positively influenced urban water and wastewater management , which had an unbalanced structure and rather low level of development. The paper outlines first the 1990 situation (water supply, sewerage and wastewater treatment (WWT)) and the infrastructure development of the last two decades, on the basis of a comprehensive data collection for six countries (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia). Austria serves as a reference basis. Alterations of some of the drivers such as GDP (Gross Domestic Product), water tariff, investment funding and legislation are studied in detail. Then, the paper focuses on WWT by analyzing data of 20 large plants. Influent and effluent quality is evaluated. Technology indicators are estimated and assessed. They include plant removal rates and violation ratios assuming the application of the Urban Wastewater Directive, primary clarifier removal rates, actual anoxic volume and sludge age in comparison with the recommendations of the ATV guideline, criteria of secondary settling tanks and energy consumption. Finally, nutrient removal rates and upgrading options are outlined.
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Onishchuk, Iryna, Natalya Bidyuk, Tetiana Doroshenko, Olha Zastelo, Elena Kokhanovska, Svitlana Yatsiv, and Nataliia Ishchuk. "Foreign Language Education in Eastern Europe in the Historical and Postmodern Discourse." Postmodern Openings 12, no. 3 (August 10, 2021): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/12.3/330.
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It is foreign languages that allow one to carry out one’s professional duties at the international level, in particular in the academic field. Besides, they are recognized as a key to the development of human culture, which opens new opportunities for international integration and deepens cultural, intellectual and communicative functions of languages. Considering its historical post-totalitarian specifics and social roles, the development of foreign language education in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Eastern Europe, in particular Ukraine, includes materialist and pragmatic and partly postmodernist trends, which need to be studied and analyzed in the context of a modern, postcolonial society. The research aims to systematize theoretical issues and generalize the experience of developing foreign language education for future humanities teachers in pedagogical universities in Ukraine (the mid 20th century - the early 21st century), as well identify some proper ways to implement authentic and world experience into the modern practice of training future foreign language professionals. The following pedagogical strategies are considered to be certain productive areas in the combination of classical and postmodernist trends in education: the integration of repetitive teaching methods and creative activity; the combination of modular and problem-based learning; the use of non-communicative models and cognitive strategies of foreign language education; the introduction of models of foreign language education, which make it possible to specify social, professional and research activity of the student’s personality; the reinforcement of extra-curricular activities in the context of foreign language education.
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Eichner, Michael, and Zinaida Ivanova. "Sustainable and social quality of refugee housing architecture." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819304001.
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The article analyses the relationship between sustainable architecture, social integration of refugees and innovative urban development, unfolding the synergetic potential between these questions. The authors consider that a successful integration of migrants with different cultural background, education and income level can be best achieved through buildings and urban districts, designed according to international sustainable principles. Not less innovation, but more is the key to address global challenges for spatial development of cities of any scale. Today it is not the limitation of financial resources for refugee housing programs that poses a threat to social, balanced and economically successful development of housing environments in cities, but the lack of knowledge of sustainable planning principles and sustainable construction techniques. The authors conclude: Whereas in central Europe socio-cultural and environment-friendly strategies for cities are widely in place, eastern Europe, Russia and north Africa or the Middle East region has not yet implemented such strategies as short-and long-term planning instruments. The article presents the urban case study project for a sustainable urban extension of the city of Luxor (Egypt) by the architect M. Eichner, Professor at the German University in Cairo – GUC.
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Adamczyk, Beata. "Cultural cooperation between nations as an important factor of sustainable social development of the region of Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union (for instance Poland and Lithuania)." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2007): 225–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2007.5.1.16.
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Cultural and social cooperation among nations lived in East and Central Europe has been sprung up over many centuries. In the 20th century, the nations of the part of Europe were subjected to an attempt to standardize their national cultures by means of introducing the socialist realistic culture. At present the message of cultural cooperation is social and cultural integration. Relations between Poland and Lithuania can be an example for development of cooperation among the other countries of Central and Eastern Europe on the state and regional levels, as well as example for educational institutions and economic associations, the connected relations may become germs of cooperation and good-neighbourly relationship as well as in the perspective of social development of the region among the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea.
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Marushiakova, Elena, and Vesselin Popov. "European Policies for Social Inclusion of Roma: Catch 22?" Social Inclusion 3, no. 5 (September 29, 2015): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v3i5.241.
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The article analyzes contemporary political discourses with regard to social inclusion of Roma on the basis of comparison with achievements and failures in the previous historical period of the communist rule in Eastern Europe. It argues that since the vast majority of the European Roma had lived in the past and continue living nowadays in the countries of Eastern Europe, no successful policy for their inclusion is possible without taking into account the experiences and outcomes of the actions for Roma integration in the socialist period. The experience from the times of socialism shows that successful policies are possible only in an appropriate socio-political context and only if accomplished within the mainstream approach. Against this background, the article scrutinizes the European Policies for Social Inclusion of Roma, and explains why they present a <em>Catch 22</em> situation: There is a vicious cycle of problems which need to be solved; the solution requires a special policy for inclusion, however this policy stigmatizes Roma and sets them even more apart from the rest of society. Thus the vicious cycle of problems expands. The main point of the article is to propose an explanation of this failure of democracy and liberalism, which could constitute a useful lesson for the future.
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Németh, Balàzs. "Globalisation, Lifelong Learning and Their Impacts on Adult Education of Central East-European Countries." Journal of Adult and Continuing Education 9, no. 1 (July 2003): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jace.9.1.6.
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The challenges of the new millennium are turning everything upside down. Modernisation, globalisation, and a change of paradigm since 1989 have altered our perspectives of the mechanisms by which the societies of Central and Eastern European countries operate. Life expectancy has increased throughout the world, overpopulation has stopped in Europe, and integration movements have exerted increasing influence, constraining societies by outlining and reshaping not only the ‘map of the future’, but also of sub-systems and groups of societies of Central and Eastern Europe. It is evident that, in future societies, the real wealth generated from natural and social resources will depend upon the quality and wealth of human resources. This article scrutinises this issue within the context of lfelong learning.
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Troitiño, David Ramiro, Karoline Färber, and Anni Boiro. "Mitterrand and the Great European Design—From the Cold War to the European Union." Baltic Journal of European Studies 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2017-0013.
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AbstractFrançois Mitterrand had a leading role in directing the course for the European integration process. While he orchestrated the economic integration of Europe, he remained deeply opposed to further political integration within the Communities. This article researches Mitterrand’s rationale for his clear focus on economic affairs and develops his vision for the institutional setting of the European Union (EU). The focus of the article is allocated to four different perspectives that reflect the four pillars of Mitterrand’s European policy: the common currency, the establishment of a closely integrated and small Western European based EU, the development of the Social Europe and of a free trade area between Europe and Africa. It is argued that although EU institutions have been established based on Mitterrand’s design, today’s reality deviates from the conditions on which his plan was based. For Mitterrand, the ideal EU involved a deep-rooted Western Europe with France at its core and a loose association with Central and Eastern Europe. His perception resembles the current discussions of multi-speed Europe and the determination of France and Germany to proceed to the next stage of the integration process. Importantly, Mitterrand’s print can still be recognised in the EU’s social policy included in the treaties, yet still far from being implemented. Notably, like all of the French Presidents, Mitterrand developed a design for Africa in which an extensive free trade area between Europe and former French colonies were to be established. In this proposal, Germany was to be assigned the part of the economic engine behind the actualisation of the proposal, while France was to carry out the role of a required middle man of the transactions. To further assure France’s political predominance over the Communities, Mitterrand designed a common currency for a small number of homogenous Western-European states.
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MKRTCHYAN, LIKA. "The Border-making Policy of the Europe-an Union: Eastern Enlargement." Journal of Education Culture and Society 3, no. 2 (January 12, 2020): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20122.7.18.
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Having no internal borders, what is a border for the European Union (EU)? Which cri-teria does this powerful organization pursue in its decision-making on further expansion: geographical, political, cultural, economic or all of these? What is the profi t of the Union in advancing its external borders to the east? And why to the east and not the south or west across the Atlantic? Does it still mean that there is the reason for enlarging eastward based on the geographical belonging to Europe?1.This paper discusses the expansion of the European Union to the east with the main focus on its political and economic aspects of integration. The fi rst part includes intro-duction to the concept of Europe, historic background about the formation of the united Europe in terms of geography, culture, politics and economy, juxtaposing opinions and viewpoints of different experts and political scientists on “what is Europe?” and what are the core issues of its enlargement. The second and third parts are dedicated to the advan-tages and disadvantages of European Integration for both parties concerned – the EU and the candidate/member state, in the case of the former having its own “demarcation policy” towards certain regions of the continent when it comes to unifi cation. And the fourth part is about the communication and miscommunication of the informative bodies of the Euro-pean Union that are responsible for public awareness on any process that goes on within the European family. The lack of information results in the ignorance of citizens of Euro-pean and partner countries, which, of course, refl ects on the further processes of expansion on the political level and cultural perception and mentality on the social level.The conclusion sums up the research, and the bibliography lists the books, articles, monographs and Internet sources used in the course of the study.
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Czarzasty, Jan, Sławomir Adamczyk, and Barbara Surdykowska. "Looking for European solutions. Trade unions in Central and Eastern Europe striving for cross-border solidarity." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 26, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258920933117.
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This article deals with the dilemmas faced by trade unions from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in the context of their relations with western European (EU-15) unions and the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC). The issue of cross-border solidarity is re-examined, taking into account its historical meanings as well as current developments under the pressures of globalisation and EU integration. The article analyses key factors affecting East–West trade union relations – different views within the ETUC, discontinuities in European social dialogue, challenges faced by European works councils and the uncertain future of transnational company agreements. Major dilemmas CEE unions cope with vis-à-vis their western counterparts are outlined. The question of how to achieve a common interest platform for trade unions from Central and Eastern Europe and from western Europe is raised, followed by a suggestion that ‘downward convergence’ in industrial relations is bringing the two regions closer.
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Belyaeva, Zhanna, Edyta Dorota Rudawska, and Yana Lopatkova. "Sustainable business model in food and beverage industry – a case of Western and Central and Eastern European countries." British Food Journal 122, no. 5 (March 29, 2020): 1573–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-08-2019-0660.
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PurposeThe presented study pinpoints transformation of business models of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the food and beverage sector depending on their sustainability strategy. This paper makes a novel contribution to understanding various instruments of sustainability implementation in SMEs’ business models operating in the food and beverage industry of well-developed Western European countries versus less-developed Central–Eastern European countries.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical basis is a survey of 770 European SMEs, of which 369 operate in Western European countries (including Great Britain, Germany and Spain) and 401 in Central and Eastern Europe (including Poland, Croatia and Russia). The nonparametric U Mann–Whitney test was used to examine the significance of the differences between the two groups of companies.FindingsThe study empirically confirmed that despite self-declared lack of skills and knowledge in managerial impacts of sustainability, it shapes business models of SME in both country groups in food and drink industry. At the same time, the motivation grounds for business models transformation toward sustainable models vary between mostly economic factors in Eastern Europe and social and cultural factors in Western Europe. The economic factor is formed due to smaller integration into social investments at the SME-level Eastern European countries, while Western European SMEs invest more in a variety of sustainability supporting instruments (R&D, new equipment).Originality/valueThis comparative study is the novel empirical research study on the implementation of sustainability into business models of food and beverage SMEs operating in two groups of Western and Central–Eastern European countries, which has not been previously observed in such a setting.
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Mironenko, V. I. "Some problems of political positioning of Ukraine (2014–2021)." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 2 (2022): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.02.02.
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In 1991, Ukraine got the opportunity to provide real content to the sovereignty proclaimed in 1918 and to acquire international political subjectivity. This had to be done in the context of a change in the political system inside the country and the world order outside. Whether it manages to do this will determine both its political future and the political configuration of Eastern Europe. Since late 1980 s, political positioning of Ukraine in Europe and in the world has passed several stages. The current one, which began in 2014, is far from complete, despite the constitutional entrenchment of its objectives. Its direction and duration depend primarily on, but not only on, Russian-Ukrainian relations. Their current status actualizes for Ukraine the task of finding strategic partners and allies. Ukraine has chosen its political position, which is unlikely to change soon. The interaction of Ukraine with other states of Eastern Europe in economic and social development in a mode of conjugate modernization not only does not exclude, but also implies sine qua non the appearance of other integration projects, besides the EU and the EAEU. Finding mutually acceptable political algorithms for such conjugation is one of the most pressing political tasks for Eastern Europe, Ukraine and all other states in this part of the world.
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Bobic, Mirjana. "Reorganization of marriage, relationships and family in contemporary society." Stanovnistvo 41, no. 1-4 (2003): 65–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0304065b.
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This paper describes contemporary changes in marriage, relationships and family in European populations, and then their evolution from the last decade of the twentieth century till present day, as well as various forms and types, in which plurality of contemporary partnership unions is revealed. The other goal of this supplement was to provide a wider theoretical-hypothetical, explanatory framework for understanding what is happening in population (on appearance level) but now in the context of contemporary societies. Three variables are introduced: macro (paradigm of modernization, namely social, i.e. structural and cultural changes), micro (paradigm: resources-limitations-behavior) and mezzo (differences in social and demographic development of countries of North, Western, South and Central and Eastern Europe (former socialistic countries in transition). Cautious predictions on what could be expected in future concerning: empirical documented differences of living arrangements of European populations of the West, but also of the East, as well as relative demographic consequences. On the macro level (paradigm structure/culture) the responses depend on the rate the two main social processes will develop: 1) development of "European society", and 2) the birth of "world" (global) society. Most of the authors conclude on the convergence of social and demographic development on the territory of Western, but not Eastern Europe (and especially the Balkans). This conclusion concerns even the countries of the South European region, considering that it is uncertain in which direction and speed will their integration into the European Union develop. With regards to the trend of decreasing fertility, a continuance of existing secular tendencies may be expected in future as well, even on the whole European territory, and that it will be supported by social changes of (post) modernization, individualization and rational behavior, so that it will become a general model. For now it is evident that convergence of social and demographic development may be demonstrated on the territory of Western but not Eastern Europe as well (and especially of the Balkans). The later is also valid when the Southern European region is in question, considering that it is uncertain in which direction and at what speed will their integration into the European Union develop. With regards to the trend of decreasing fertility, a continuance of tendencies may be expected in future as well, on the whole European territory, and that it will be supported by social changes of (post) modernization, individualization and rational behavior, so that in most cases parents will satisfy their needs with only one child. On the contrary, family forms and life styles will probably reflect differences between countries of the North and Western Europe in future as well on the one hand, and Southern on the other hand, and Central and Eastern Europe (former socialistic countries) on the third hand. Readiness for marriage, partnership styles, as well as aspirations to forming families will depend on individual decisions, which will result from personal resources and limiting factors (macro, mezzo and micro). On the aggregate level of population, the result will be polarization between non-family and family households. Social conditions of foregoing modernization (increase of risks, job uncertainty, country prosperity crisis) as well as globalization will probably contribute to increasing the polarization process. The same conclusion may be derived for the group of former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (and the Balkans) as well, whose key problem now is finishing the process of transformation towards market economy.
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Duzinskas, Raimundas, and Arturas Jurgelevicius. "25 Years on the Way to Market Economy: Progress or Regression. The Case of Lithuania." Journal of International Business Research and Marketing 6, no. 4 (2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.64.3001.
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After the collapse of central planned economy in Central and Eastern Europe, all affected countries experienced dramatic change towards the market economy. Seemingly, market economy could bring prosperity and plant “american dream” in Central and Eastern Europe. However, the way towards market economy of every country became not that easy as was thought primarily. Different models of transition period did not bring rapid results, however. “Shock Therapy” or gradualist approach was the central pillar of debates of economists and politicians. However, none of them could predict the exact consequences to the development of economies. The official approach to market economy was considered liberalization. The creation of extremely important preconditions for transitions was lacking. The most important market institutes such as social capital, human resources were not created timely which caused long social economic consequences to countries’ development. Lithuanian experience of transforming economy and integration to EU is analyzed in the paper. Lithuanian experience might be applicable to other potential candidate countries. In order to identify the level of development such indicators were selected: competitiveness index, rate of social exclusion and at risk of poverty, GDP growth rate, minimum wage and others.
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Meyer-Sahling, Jan-Hinrik, Will Lowe, and Christian van Stolk. "Silent professionalization: EU integration and the professional socialization of public officials in Central and Eastern Europe." European Union Politics 17, no. 1 (October 21, 2015): 162–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116515608270.
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Seidendorf, Stefan. "Frankreich, Deutschland und die europäische Integration im Aachener Vertrag." integration 42, no. 3 (2019): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0720-5120-2019-3-187.
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How “European” is the new Franco-German bilateral treaty signed in Aachen on 22 January 2019? And what kind of “Franco-German leadership for Europe” does it stipulate? The article starts by establishing a model of Franco-German cooperation and leadership in the European Union, which then allows to analyse the content of the treaty. The treaty can be seen as a strategic commitment to European integration and to Franco-German leadership. It outlines far-reaching ambitions in foreign policy cooperation as well as in the areas of security and defence, where the established European model is particularly prone to bilateral leadership. The treaty is more nuanced in the field of economic and social politics, where a Franco-German economic area shall be established. While this could potentially balance Franco-German asymmetries, it will also raise questions particularly amongst Eastern European Member States.
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Lengyel, György, and Borbála Göncz. "Symbolic and pragmatic aspects of European identity." Sociologija 48, no. 1 (2006): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0601001l.
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It seems realistic that one of the long-term preconditions of European integration is the strengthening of European identity. Otherwise, it might happen that a growing split occurs between the elites and the population in the question of integration. In the Western European countries the concepts of Europe and the EU frequently coincide, while in the Eastern European countries Europe has primarily cultural-historical connotations and the EU embodies economic development and welfare. In an international comparison, European identity was stronger in the newly joining countries, but in some of them (i.e. in Hungary and Estonia) the national identity was among the strongest as well. The current study is based on a Hungarian representative survey carried out in 2003 - that is before Hungary joined the European Union. We supposed that class positions, the availability of material, cultural and social resources strongly influence European identity. We examined two aspects of identity, a symbolic and a pragmatic one. The symbolic identity was measured by questions addressing national vs. supra- and sub-national belonging, while pragmatic identity was approached by a question addressing the fair redistribution of taxes among the different levels. We could compare these dimensions and investigate the possible reasons for inconsistencies. .
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BANSKI, Jerzy. "Phases to the transformation of agriculture in Central Europe – Selected processes and their results." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 12 (December 12, 2018): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/86/2018-agricecon.
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The fall of the communist system in Central Europe was followed by dynamic social and economic change that also had its clear impact on the food sector. One of the key factors shaping the contemporary condition of the agricultural sector in region has been change of ownership, with the collapse of the nationalised sector and restitution of property to former owners. The work presented here considers the main directions of changes and assessment of selected economic processes ongoing in the farming sector over the last quarter-century throughout the region under consideration. This analysis may be further broken down in relation to the three suggested phases of change, i.e. transformation, integration and polarisation. The work took in five countries of the former Eastern Bloc, i.e. the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.
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Kang, Yoo-Duk. "A Study on Euroscepticism in Central and Eastern Europe and its Determinants: An Empirical Analysis Using Micro-data." East European and Balkan Institute 47, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 77–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2023.47.1.77.
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This study conducts an empirical analysis of the public opinion of Euroscepticism in Central and Eastern Europe countries (CEEC) using micro-data and compares it with Western Europe (EU-15). Considering the changes before and after the system transition and EU accession, it is necessary to examine the specificity of Central and Eastern Europe in research on Euroscepticism.
Eurosceptical political movement in Central and Eastern Europe is closely related to the activities of the far-right populist parties that have rapidly emerged since 2010 and the public opinion formed through them. Therefore, it differs from Euroscepticism in Western Europe, which arose from the conflict between the supranational character of European integration and national sovereignty. The Anti-EU movement in politics in Central and Eastern Europe were mainly manifested in the process of the established parties shifting to the right.
According to the results of the empirical analysis, individuals with higher levels of education, social status, and income levels, as well as younger age groups, tend to be more favorable to the EU. This systemic association between individual characteristics and Eurosceptic attitude at the individual level can be found in both the EU-15 and CEECs. Professions have also similar influence on individual attitude on the EU in both groups. However, the effect of education level was found to be greater in CEECs. In addition, political affiliation are correlated to the attitude on the EU differently in the EU-15 and CEECs.
Our tentative conclusion is that the main framework of Euroscepticism and its determinants developed by the previous studies focusing on the EU-15 could be effective for research on the CEECs. On the other hand, to explain Euroscepticism in CEECs in a more detailed manner, it is necessary to supplement this quantitative study through other qualitative studies on party politics and political discourse.
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Tomczewska-Popowycz, Natalia. "Ethnic tourism and other similar forms of tourism in literature of Eastern Europe." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3618.
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The purpose of the study is to explore the challenges of defining what is commonly known as “ethnic tourism”. Provided here a review, comparison, integration and systematization of the definitions of the phenomenon, its facets and characteristics. In particular, such variations as sentimental tourism, ethnic tourism, nostalgic tourism, diaspora tourism, genealogy tourism, are ancestral tourism subjected to a comparative analysis. The study is based on a systemic literature review and qualitative and frequency analysis of the definitions of the phenomenon. The literature search was not limited to publications by Ukrainian authors, but included Polish and Russian available relevant literature on the topic. Offered a new definition of ethnic tourism and other definition connected with ethnic aspects. The lack of clear definitions and differences in understanding significantly impeding the development of his area of tourism. This study gives rise to more function in operation of this type of tourism in theory and practice.
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Hardy, Jane. "Transformation and crisis in Central and Eastern Europe: A combined and uneven development perspective." Capital & Class 38, no. 1 (February 2014): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816813514208.
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This article elaborates a theory of combined and uneven development that takes the dimensions of spatiality, labour and institutions seriously. Drawing on this conceptual framework, an account is given of the way the 2007–2008 crisis was inflected in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The integration of these countries with the global economy has taken place in different ways through trade, investment and finance. This has not only been a source of unevenness within and between them, but has also determined the form and severity with which they have experienced the crisis. The combined and uneven development perspective is therefore able to provide a rich and more dynamic account of economic development and the transmission of the crisis. Further, rather than labour being treated as one among many institutions, it is privileged in its potential role of instigating deep social change.
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Lehmbruch, Gerhard. "Institutional Change in the East German Transformation Process: The Role of the State in the Reorganization of Property Rights and the Limits of Institutional Transfer." German Politics and Society 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 13–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503000782486507.
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German social scientists have often stressed that the East German transformation was a process sui generis that differed strongly from the transformation paths of eastern European countries. This difference was of course mainly due to the integration of the former GDR into the Federal Republic of (West) Germany. Indeed, it is commonly assumed that the wholesale transfer of West German institutions left little room for the endogenous paths of transformation observed in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The unintended outcome of this strategy of “exogenous” institutional change was a transformation crisis with the effect of a profound external shock. To be sure, this shock was mitigated by the simultaneous introduction of the West German “social net,” accompanied by massive transfer payments. But many of the dire predictions made by skeptical observers in 1990 have indeed come true.
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Hsieh, Ning. "A Global Perspective on Religious Participation and Suicide." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 58, no. 3 (June 22, 2017): 322–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146517715896.
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Although sociological research in the Durkheimian tradition has generally accepted that religious involvement protects against suicide, few studies have examined this theoretical proposition outside Western industrialized settings. Using multilevel models to analyze data from the World Health Organization Mortality Database and the World Values Survey (1981–2007) across 42 countries in seven geographical-cultural regions, this study explores whether religious participation is more protective against suicide in some regions than others and, if so, why. Results indicate that while religious participation is protective in Latin America, eastern Europe, northern Europe, and English-speaking countries, it may aggravate the risk of suicide in East Asia, western Europe, and southern Europe. This regional variation is the result of differences in both the degree of integration/regulation of religious communities and suicide underreporting. Overall, the findings support the network perspective of Durkheim’s classical theory and suggest that researchers should be more cautious about suicide underreporting in less industrialized settings.
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Proda, Anisa. "Institutional Performance in Albania Regarding Social Protection Policies." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v6i2.p234-241.
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Albania is often considered ''the most difficult case'' of regime change compared to other ex-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The long way, often too hard and chaotic, towards democracy and market economy put the country into a disadvantageous situation in comparison with other ex-communist countries because of the limited progress in these directions. Structural changes in Albania before and after the 90's are extraordinary. Now Albania is in a European integration phase, which means there's a series of standards to accomplish and political-economic challenges to be faced. In the first part, this paper will give a chronological view of social protection policies in Albanian going through the major historical phases such as communist regime and pluralist regime period. In the second part, our main focus will be the change in political regime and its consequences which dictated the need for new social protection policies. The inclusion policy or the policy of social protection in Albania is a component of a greater general frame named National Strategy for Development and Integration (SKZHI) 2007-2013, which brings in a single document the perspectives of social and economic stable development, in the framework of the integration in the UE and realization of the Millennial Objectives (SKZHI, 2008).The main social groups and social fields treaded by the policy documents such as National Strategy on Development and Integration, National Strategy on Social Protection, National Strategy on Social Inclusion will be explained. In the third part, social security and health care policies and institutions will be treated concluding with some findings from the empirical research.
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Ciobanu, Natalia. "The Route of Republic of Moldova in Eastern Partnership: Between Achievements and Political Failures." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 37-38 (December 12, 2018): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2018.37-38.31-38.
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Eastern Partnership is an initiative of consolidation and deepening of cooperation between European Union and six partner states form Eastern Europe and South Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine. The cooperation with Eastern Partnership states is founded on two dialog frameworks: bilateral (signing and implementing the association agreement, creating a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area, the liberalization of visa regime) and multilateral (it is implemented throughout specialized platforms and initiatives).
In this article, the author sets the objective to approach multilaterally the position of Republic of Moldova throughout the set of perspectives and opportunities of political, economic and social integration in the European community, outlining specifically that Republic of Moldova has achieved the main objectives that were agreed on in Prague in 2009:signing the Association Agreement with EU, The Agreement of Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area and implementing the liberalization of visa regime in Schengen area for the owners of biometric passports.
The author's opinion states that the topicality of this study lies in evaluation of the potential of Republic of Moldova to perceive the impact of this European initiative of foreign policy and to value the membershipwithin the Eastern Partnership for the perspective of integration in European Union.
Keywords: Eastern Partnership, European Union, Republic of Moldova, multilateral and bilateral cooperation
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Rahimli, Ruslan. "The impact of socio-cultural integration strategies on the life activities of migrants." Grani 24, no. 4 (August 9, 2021): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172139.
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The features of the integration of Azerbaijani immigrants into a single European socio-cultural space have been discussed in the article. Strategies for the integration of immigrants into the external socio-cultural environment have been described and the issues of socio-cultural acceptance of Azerbaijani immigrants in Europe have been studied from a scientific and theoretical point of view by examining their pros and cons.
The issues of adaptation, acculturation, separation, marginalization and transnationalism have been studied. It has been noted by the author that the active part of Azerbaijani immigrants in Europe is mainly people who have received higher education in the country of origin or in the country of their arrival, who plan to build a career in the society they come, who join socio- cultural processes, try to become a part of society that accepts local cultural values. At the same time, it has been noted in the article that young immigrants also participate in the acculturation process and the reasons for this have been investigated. The author has noted that immigrant Azerbaijanis prefer to contact or establish business with either Turks or Iranian Azerbaijanis or Eastern Europeans as it is more convenient for the middle and older generation to communicate with Turks in Turkish and with Eastern Europeans through Russian.
In the article observations of Azerbaijani immigrants in Berlin, Germany, from December 2017 to January 2018, as well as interviews with immigrants belonging to different social groups allow to say that first-generation immigrants almost do not have or are very weak in relations with local society, society institutions and their activity in the socio-cultural process is low.
The features and effects of transnationalism among Azerbaijanis living in Europe has also been examined in the article. It has been noted that transmigration is widespread among Azerbaijani immigrants living in Europe. The dual life of Azerbaijani immigrants as a transmigrant continues to grow. Although European Azerbaijanis already live in European countries, they have extensive ties with Azerbaijan and some even continue their working lives in both Europe and Azerbaijan. These immigrants are engaged in both business and other fields in the country of origin, acquire property in the country of origin, open offices and lead an active socio-cultural life in both the sending and receiving societies. It has been shown in the article that Azerbaijani immigrants are trying to connect the future of both themselves and their children with the country of origin, and those who have economic opportunities take more advantage of this opportunity.
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Samoilenko, Yuliia. "Social Integration Processes of the Roma in Montenegro in 2006–2017." Historia i Polityka, no. 40 (47) (August 14, 2022): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/hip.2022.016.
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The article reveals the processes of social integration of the Roma in Montenegro in 2006–2017. The author analyses the performances of the government regarding the Roma issue. The article also shows that the Roma socialization process is an essential premise for Montenegro in their determination to European integration, which requires substantial adjustment and improvements in the legal system. In the research, the author assesses official documents concerning the Roma, which shows that the Roma community complies with a significant part of the overall Montenegrin population. Interestingly, almost two-thirds of Roma in Montenegro arrived at the country during the war in Kosovo in 1999–2000 and then received the status of internally displaced persons what made them hostages of international law for the decade. In addition, considering the social and cultural differences of the ethnic group with other nations living in the country, the integration process into the Montenegrin society is a real challenge for the state. The problem of social adaptation of the Roma is a topical issue for national welfare and security not only for Montenegro but for the whole of Central and Eastern Europe. Being a participant of the regional initiative “The Decade of Roma Inclusion” since 2005, the government of Montenegro have actively advanced the national legal system, developed and implemented projects for dwellings, education and culture of the Roma community. It is also noticeable that solving the Roma issue in the country correlates with the foreign policy objectives such as European and Euro-Atlantic integration. The author provides different examples to prove that in the first eleven years of independence, the government of Montenegro managed to make significant steps forward to the acceptance of European values through strenuous legal reforms.
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Wachsmuth, Melody J. "Roma Christians in Times of Crises: Social Impact of Faith During a Pandemic and War." Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu 14, no. 3 (December 1, 2022): 514–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ress-2022-0119.
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Abstract Roma communities in Eastern Europe have long experienced socio-political and religious marginalization, a current phenomenon resulting from complex factors spanning over centuries. The rise of evangelical and Pentecostal movements among the Roma over the last decades have contributed to social uplift and more integration in certain contexts. However, societies in crisis are often an unexpected gauge to assess realities and tensions–in this case, the war in Ukraine and COVID-19 revealed the deep suspicion and prejudice still existing toward the Roma. Nonetheless, a number of Roma Pentecostals and Baptists became actively involved in responding to both crises. First placing the relationship between religion, society, and the Roma in historical context, this paper will explore how Christian Roma reacted to the dual crises and the implications for their relationship to the wider church and society,
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Genov, Nikolai. "Book Review - Dejan Valentinčič, Medetnična integracija v lokalnem okolju. Primer Nove Gorice in Gorice Gorizia: Zadruga Goriška Mohorjeva and Inštitut ASEF za izobraževanje in raziskovanje, 2021, 413 pp." Two Homelands, no. 55 (January 31, 2022): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/dd.2022.1.15.
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A couple of years ago, I tried to collect information about the ethnic policies in South-Eastern Europe for university teaching. Slovenian colleagues were very cooperative and supplied me with rich information about the social integration policies concerning Roma. This information was enough for resolving the tasks I had at that time. However, step by step, I learned more about the ethnic composition and interethnic relations in Slovenian society. I was struck by the fact that the ethnic picture there was much more complex and complicated than the single case of the Roma minority. In addition, I received a lot of information about Slovenian ethnic minorities in the neighboring countries.
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Kirpichnikov, Ivan. "Integration in Muscovy: The Case of Ryazan Elite." ISTORIYA 13, no. 11 (121) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023147-0.
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The integration of previously independent political entities into a single political unit was one of the main challenges facing European Medieval and Early modern rulers. The case analyzed in this study is the Ryazan region located in the southern part of Eastern Europe, which was ultimately annexed by the expanding Muscovite state in 1521. The first part of the article covers the main historiographical approaches to the problem of regionalism in the history of Early Modern Russia. The second part is devoted to a discussion of the methodology and results of the prosopographical study of the Ryazan service elite in the end of the 15th — first third of the 17th century. This case is one of the clearest examples of “soft” (non-violent) integration since the annexation of the Grand Duchy of Ryazan was not accompanied by either property confiscation or forced resettlement. The Muscovite government consistently preserved the local social structure. The members of the local elite were often involved in carrying out administrative and military service in their native region. The Ryazan community was significantly transformed by the Oprichnina confiscations, but the old local elite families preserved their traditional position in the local community. The Ryazan elite had a relatively low social status in the Muscovite ruling class hierarchy. The Time of Troubles opened a new page in the history of the Ryazan elite. Ryazan service people securely settled in Moscow, which led to a deep transformation of their career strategies and lifestyles.
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Gardawski, Juliusz, and Rafał Towalski. "The comparative analysis of the industrial relations systems in Europe." International Journal of Management and Economics 56, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2020-0003.
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Abstract This article aims to quantify the institutional similarities between industrial relations systems in 11 Central and Eastern European countries (CEE11), on the one hand and each of the four models of capitalism in Western Europe identified by Amable [2003], on the other hand. The comparative analysis was performed on the basis of six variables. Three of them represent inputs or institutional determinants of industrial relations. Another three variables represent outputs or the labor market performance. For each variable, the similarity coefficients between CEE11 countries and four reference EU15 economies representing Western European models of capitalism were calculated. Based on these coefficients, the hexagons of similarity were built. The analyses led us to some general observations. In 2005, most of the countries in the region developed industrial relations systems similar to the continental model, what can be interpreted as a strategy to meet the requirements imposed on these countries in the process of European integration. After accession, most of the countries abandoned “social partnership” ship and started the cruises to the Anglo-Saxon model.
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Parubchak, Ivan, and Nadiia Radukh. "STATE REGULATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE TRANSFORMATION TYPE COUNTRIES IN EASTERN EUROPE." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 5 (February 8, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-5-121-127.
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the processes of formation of corporate social responsibility in countries of transformation type in Eastern Europe and to study the perspectives of development of socially responsible investing based on studying the world experience in the field of corporate responsibility and the practices of its realization by economic entities in the world. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of cognition of the processes of formation of corporate social responsibility in transformation societies, using the experience of the foreign community in similar processes and the possibility of applying individual practices in domestic business. The following scientific methods were used in the research: abstract-logical, in particular, its methods of generalization, analogy, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction for the formulation of theoretical generalizations of research results, formulation of conclusions and suggestions. Main objects of the study are: theoretical bases of formation and realization of mechanisms of state regulation of corporate social responsibility and socially responsible investing in the world and opportunities to apply their experience in the countries of Eastern Europe; determining the current level of corporate social responsibility at enterprises and organizations and assessing the prospects for their development and influence on socio-economic processes. Practical implications. The stakeholder theory is considered, which reveals the essence of corporate social responsibility in the process of satisfying interests and requirements of various counterparties that may affect the ultimate financial results of the enterprise. It is determined that the main causes of state regulation of corporate social responsibility are a moral obligation, sustainability, and reputation. Corporate social responsibility is an effective tool for enterprise development, as well as for the development of the process of state regulation and constructive dialogue with different social categories that enhances the investment attractiveness of the enterprise and strengthens its reputation, promotes effective labour relations and enhances productivity, supports the marketing policy and trust of the target audience by forming a positive opinion about products, works or services of the enterprise. Modern strategies on the basis of which companies perform the formation of their investment portfolios are considered (sustainable investment strategy, norms-based screening and exclusion of holding from investment universe, integration of ESG factors in financial analysis, impact investments, engagement and voting on sustainability matters). The issue of the undeveloped practice of submitting social reports and difficult public access to them by stakeholders is considered. A model for analysing the prospects of corporate social responsibility development at enterprises is proposed; corporate social responsibility strategy provides for the fulfilment of economic, social, and environmental goals for the successful implementation of corporate social responsibility and socially responsible investment initiatives.
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Dąbrowska, Izabela. "Migration Flows form New Member States and the Prospect of Britain’s Withdrawal from the European Union." Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy 13, no. 3 (October 27, 2015): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/br.733.
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Ever since the European Union expanded to admit first eights Central and Eastern European countries in 2004, and then two more in 2007, internal migration has become a major social and political matter especially in Britain, which is one of the main destinations for thousands of migrants. This article builds on the body of data provided by British national institutions to examine the kingdom’s economic interests in revising its own deal in European migration policy. It presents the contemporary concerns with migrants’ flows from new member states in the wider perspective of Britain’s complex relationship with Europe and its own contested integration with the Union. The paper’s main objective though is to argue whether questioning the existing integration principles, including the principle of free movement, is justified or whether it has just become a convenient matter in the discussion on Britain’s likely withdrawal from the organization in 2017.
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Drakokhrust, Tetiana, Iryna Prodan, and Uliana Tkach. "MIGRATION CHALLENGES: TRENDS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR UKRAINE AND COUNTRIES OF EASTERN EUROPE." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-2-30-37.
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Transformational processes in the global economy are due to strengthening the integration of national economies, increasing transnationalization, deepening internationalization of production and exchange, are accompanied by the activation of migration challenges. The purpose of the article is to examine and analyse the migration challenges, their development trends and the potential consequences for Ukraine’s and countries of Eastern Europe economic potential. To achieve the goal, the study focuses on the following tasks: to consider and analyse the main factors that have a direct impact on the socio-economic development of the country, such as the activation of international mobility of the Ukrainian people, armed conflict in eastern Ukraine, the introduction of a visa-free regime with the EU; to make a socio-economic analysis of migration processes in the countries of Eastern Europe; to consider and analyse the possible (potential) scenario of the development of the impact of migration challenges on the Ukrainian economy; to offer recommendations on mitigating the negative manifestations of the current migration challenges for Ukraine. Methodology. In the process of writing the article, methods of scientific abstraction, observation, synthesis of generalization were used to distinguish key socio-economic factors influencing migration challenges. The information and analytical base for the study of migratory challenges is the monographic works of foreign and domestic economists devoted to international migration, materials and analytical reports of international organizations dealing with migration (International Organization for Migration, International Labor Organization, United Nations Population and Development Commission, World Bank and others), regulatory and statistical data of the state authorities of Ukraine, results of scientific research of the Institute of Demography and Social Research after M. V. Ptukha NASU, Internet resources. The practical significance of the scientific research is to clarify the migration challenges, their development trends and potential implications for the economic potential of Ukraine on the basis of macroeconomic indicators; the likely economic consequences of the introduction of a visafree regime for the European Union for Ukraine and the projected tendencies of migration challenges as proposed scenarios, indicating developers and prospects for forecasting.
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Münz, Rainer, and Ralf Ulrich. "Immigration and Citizenship in Germany." German Politics and Society 17, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503099782486761.
Full textAbstract:
In Germany, as in many other European democracies, immigrationand citizenship are contested and contentious issues. In the Germancase it was both the magnitude of postwar and recent immigration aswell as its interference with questions of identity that created politicaland social conflict. As a result of World War II, the coexistenceof two German states, and the persistence of ethnic German minoritiesin central and eastern Europe, (West) Germany’s migration andnaturalization policy was inclusive toward expellees, GDR citizens,and co-ethnics. At the same time, the Federal Republic of Germany,despite the recruitment of several million foreign labor migrantsand—until 1992—a relatively liberal asylum practice, did not developsimilar mechanisms and policies of absorption and integration of itslegal foreign residents.
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Ružeková, Viera, and Elena Kašťáková. "Comparison of the Visegrad group and Baltic countries in terms of multi-criteria competitiveness indicators." Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia 11, no. 39 (June 1, 2018): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stcb-2018-0007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Expanding globalization of the world economy has put a strong pressure on individual entities that operate in it. International competitiveness has become a major driving force of economic and social differentiation of the countries. Individual states and their public administrations have to create an effective business environment. This paper reflects these developments and, with the help of relevant multi-criteria (GCI, WCI, DBI) and single-criteria indexes of competitiveness, tries to assess the current state of competitiveness of two regions in Central and Eastern Europe – the Visegrad Four and Baltic Group states, which had a similar starting position on their path to building a market economy and integration into the EU structures.