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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social influence'
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Mason, Winter. "Implicit social influence." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278231.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: B, page: 6391. Adviser: Eliot R. Smith. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 9, 2008).
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Hopkins, N. "Adolescent social groups and social influence." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384707.
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Gamal, Doaa. "Social Networks Influence Analysis." UNF Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/723.
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Pew Research Center estimates that as of 2014, 74% of the Internet Users used social media, i.e., more than 2.4 billion users. With the growing popularity of social media where Internet users exchange their opinions on many things including their daily life encounters, it is not surprising that many organizations are interested in learning what users say about their products and services. To be able to play a proactive role in steering what user’s say, many organizations have engaged in efforts aiming at identifying efficient ways of marketing certain products and services, and making sure user reviews are somewhat favorable. Favorable reviews are typically achieved through identifying users on social networks who have a strong influence power over a large number of other users, i.e. influential users.
Twitter has emerged as one of the prominent social network services with 320 million monthly active users worldwide. Based on the literature, influential Twitter users have been typically analyzed using the following three models: topic-based model, topology-based model, and user characteristics-based model. The topology-based model is criticized for being static, i.e., it does not adapt to the social network changes such as user’s new posts, or new relationships. The user characteristics-based model was presented as an alternative approach; however, it was criticized for discounting the impact of interactions between users, and users’ interests. Lastly, the topic-based model, while sensitive to users’ interests, typically suffers from ignoring the inclusion of inter-user interactions.
This thesis research introduces a dynamic, comprehensive and topic-sensitive approach for identifying social network influencers leveraging the strengths of the aforementioned models. Three separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the new approach using the information diffusion measure. In these experiments, software was developed to capture users’ tweets pertinent to a topic over a period of time, and store the tweet’s metadata in a relational database. A graph representing users was extracted from the database. The new approach was applied to the users’ graph to compute an influence score for each user.
Results show that the new composite influence score is more accurate in comprehensively identifying true influential users, when compared to scores calculated using the characteristics-based, topic-based, and topology-based models. Also, this research shows that the new approach could leverage a variety of machine learning algorithms to accurately identify influencers.
Last, while the focus of this research was on Twitter, our approach may be applicable to other social networks and micro-blogging services.
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Bolletta, Ugo <1986>. "Social Influence in Networks." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7332/1/Bolletta_Ugo_Tesi.pdf.
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This thesis is composed by three standalone papers. The first chapter is about opinion formation processes. Individuals influence each other according to the network structure. If the network is connected and satisfies other mild assumptions, the society will reach a
consensus. Therefore, it is a matter of interest understanding when the network would be connected
or not. Here, we develop a model where the network takes place endogenously, and agents update
their opinions accordingly. We study general conditions on the initial distribution of opinions
such that consensus will be reached. We provide sufficient conditions for connectedness. In the dynamic model we show that polarization both in the transition and the long run. This essay is a joint work with Paolo Pin (Bocconi University). The second chapter is about
peer effects. I consider how social pressure affects the strategic network formation process. Agents
choose their links subject to mutual consent, and then equilibrium behaviors are determined by an
underlying game where agents choose their effort. I provide a characterization
result for all pairwise Nash stable network, and use farsightedness to avoid cycles. As an
application, I consider peer effects in the classroom. Results suggest that we could set
optimal policies to improve outcome of low achievement students through targeted incentives
schemes. In the last chapter I focus on the interaction between real and virtual life. To do so I
propose a model of search where agents choose in equilibrium how intense is their on-line
activity. The outcomes of the game depend on the network, which takes place through a
semi-random process. I extend the standard random network formation allowing agents to hold a
certain degree of choice. The model allows to track characteristics on the meeting environment and individual preferences that would make virtual and real life substitutes or complements.
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Martin, R. P. A. "Minority influence and social categorization." Thesis, Open University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380798.
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Tolunay, Adviye. "Group identity effects on social influence /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3186924.
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Vedanarayanan, Srinivasa Raghavan. "Agents of Influence in Social Networks." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342464356.
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Dudte, Kari A. "Social influence and gender norms." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32098.
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Sigala, Maria. "Tax compliance and social influence." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302572.
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Andersson, Maria. "Social influence in stock markets." Gothenburg : Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, 2009. http://gupea.ub.gu.se/dspace/handle/2077/20506.
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Russ, Gail Susan. "Active Minorities and Social Influence." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626991.
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Förster, Manuel. "Essays on dynamic social influence." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010031/document.
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Cette dissertation de doctorat développe des théories de l'influence sociale dynamique. Dans un cadre dynamique, les individus interagissent à plusieurs reprises avec leur environnement social et échangent leurs croyances et opinions sur différentes questions économiques, politiques et sociales. Dans le Chapitre 2, nous étudions les processus d'influence modélisés par les moyennes ordonnées pondérées. Ces dernières sont anonymes : elles ne dépendent que du nombre d'agents qui partagent la même croyance. Nous exhibons une condition nécessaire et suffisante pour la convergence au consensus et caractérisons les résultats où la société se retrouve polarisée. Enfin, nous appliquons nos résultats aux quantificateurs linguistiques flous. Dans le Chapitre 3, nous introduisons la possibilité de manipulation dans le modèle de DeGroot (1974). Nous montrons que la manipulation peut modifier la structure de confiance et mène à une société connectée. La manipulation promeut le leadership d'opinion, mais même l'agent manipulé peut gagner de l'influence sur les croyances à long terme. Finalement, nous étudions la tension entre l'agrégation d'informations et le déploiement de désinformations. Dans le Chapitre 4, nous introduisons des conflits d'intérêt dans un modèle de dynamique de croyance non-bayésienne. Les agents se rencontrent avec leurs voisins dans le réseau social et échangent des informations stratégiquement. Avec des conflits d'intérêt, la dynamique de croyance ne converge pas en général: la croyance de chaque agent converge vers un certain intervalle et continue à fluctuer sur celui-ci pour toujoursThis Ph.D. dissertation develops theories of dynamic social influence. In a dynamic framework, individuals internet repeatedly with their social environment and exchange beliefs and opinions on various economic, political and social issues. In Chapter 2, we study influence processes modeled by ordered weighted averaging operators. These operators an anonymous: they only depend on how many agents share a belief. We find a necessary and sufficient condition for convergence to consensus and characterize outcomes where the society ends up polarized. Furthermore, we apply our results to fuzzy linguistic quantifiers. ln Chapter 3, we introduce the possibility of manipulation into the model by DeGroot (1974). We show that manipulation can modify the trust structure and lead to a connected society. Manipulation fosters opinion leadership, but the manipulated agent may even gain influence on the long-run beliefs. Finally, we investigate the tension between information aggregation and spread of misinformation. In Chapter 4, we introduce conflicting interests into a model of non-Bayesian belief dynamics. Agents meet with their neighbors in the social network and exchange information strategically. With conflicting interests, the belief dynamics typically fails to converge: each agent's belief converges to some interval and keeps fluctuating on it forever
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ABOUEIMEHRIZI, MOHAMMAD. "Election Control via Social Influence." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/21656.
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In the past, the power of news dissemination was under a few people's control, like newspapers' editors and TV channels. Thanks to social networks, this power is in the hand of everyone now. Social networks became very popular as soon as they were launched, and many societies extensively welcomed them. They have provided an engaging environment so that people can share their moments with their relatives, friends, colleagues, and even their unseen friends (so-called virtual friends) as their `followers.' In this virtual world, people can also share their opinions with their followers by broadcasting a message. Diffusing information and news among the followers will affect them and slightly change their opinions. When a follower is influenced, she may shares/retweets/forwards the message to her own followers and cause more propagation. There are many shreds of evidence that a message shared by few people (even in some cases one person) has been watched by millions of users and went viral. Hence, social media is an inseparable part of our life that can provide many opportunities, e.g., teaching, entertainment, news, and give us the power of sharing our experiences. Researchers have shown that many people prefer to get news from social networks rather than related websites as they are speedy tool to provide news from everywhere.
Therefore, social media is considered one of the most effective tools to manipulate the users' opinions, and it is an attractive means of election control for political campaigns/parties/candidates. As a real example, in the 2016 US presidential election, it has been shown that 92% of Americans saw and remembered pro-Trump fake news stories, 23% remembered pro-Clinton false news, and a very high portion of them believed the news. Moreover, the campaigns can use social influence in order to polarize the users such that a voter receives specific messages in support/oppose of a candidate/party and not all possible messages. These activities impair the integrity of the elections and our democracies because people should have access to all reliable news from different perspectives to make a fair judgment. In this thesis, we investigate the computational aspects of this problem and study different manipulators' strategies to understand how they work. Our goal is to prevent malicious activities as they have enough potential to cause drastic consequences for any society.
We study different aspects of controlling elections utilizing social influence. First, we consider a multi-winner election control where some parties are running for an election, and more than one candidate will be selected as winners. There is a social network of voters and an attacker trying to bribe some users/voters to start a diffusion process and spread a message among them; her goal is to change the voters' opinion regarding a target party. In the constructive model, the attacker tries to maximize the number of winners in the target party, while in the destructive case, she wants to minimize it. In this model, we present some hardness results, approximation guarantee, and polynomial-time algorithms regarding different structures (e.g., graphs, trees, and arborescent), objective functions, diffusion models (e.g., linear threshold and independent cascade models), and different configurations of influencing voters.
Second, we investigate a single-winner election control problem where the attacker does not know the exact voters' preference list; instead, she has/guesses a probability distribution over all candidates for each voter. In this case, we show that the problem is at least as hard to approximate as the Densest-k-subgraph problem, which is hard to approximate for some constant under the exponential time hypothesis. Then we consider a lightly relaxed version and present some hardness and constant factor approximation algorithms for some objective functions regarding both constructive and destructive models. We also examine some real-world social networks and experimentally show that our algorithm works well.
Finally, we present a Stackelberg game variation for competitive election control where there are two players called attacker and defender. They have a budget and the number of their seed nodes should not exceed their budget. The attacker plays first and selects a set of seed nodes to start a diffusion and change the voters' opinion. She knows that the defender is aware of everything and plays afterward. When the attacker's diffusion process is finished, the defender selects her seed nodes to cancel the attacker's influence over the infected voters. Indeed, the attacker tries to maximize the number of infected voters after both diffusion processes, while the defender attempts to minimize it. For simplicity, we first investigate the influence maximization model of this problem and then extend it to the election control through social influence for a single-winner election control problem regarding plurality scoring rule under the independent cascade model. We show that the attacker's problem is $Sigma_2^p$-hard when the defender is able to find an optimal strategy. We also show the same hardness result regarding any approximation algorithm. Moreover, we show that the defender's problem is NP-hard to approximate within any factor $alpha geq 1$. Since the problems are inapproximable, we consider a relaxed version in which the defender selects her seed nodes based on a probability distribution over the nodes, and the attacker is aware of the distribution. In the relaxed model, we give a constant-factor approximation algorithm for the attacker's problem. We also simulate our results and show that the attacker can activate many voters even when the defender can find the optimal solution. Moreover, we show that the greedy influence maximization algorithm works very well for the defender.
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Duque, Juan Sebastian. "Social media influence : Qualitative study of Colombian consumer attitude toward social media and its influence." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65685.
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Master Thesis, Master of Science in Innovation through Business, Engineering and Design with specialisation in Business Administration Field of research: Business Administration, School of Business & Economics University: Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden. Course code:5FE07E Semester: Spring 2017 Author: Juan Sebastian Duque L. Examiner: Saara Taalas Tutor: Soniya Billore Title: Social media influence Subtitle: Qualitative study of Colombian consumer attitude toward social media and its influence Background: The reason for conducting this master thesis in the field of Colombian consumer perspective and the influences on social media, was due to the realisation that there was a need for an increased understanding of the influences that social media is making on Colombian consumer. Besides, the main question is why Colombia? This country is a developing country that its level of growth in multiple sectors is remarkable. It is a market that is attracting multinational companies and expanding with prestigious national brands. The furniture industry is one of the most competitive businesses in this country, therefore using every single resource to acquire customers is a relevant aspect to take into consideration. However, the digital marketing and e- commerce are just emerging. Therefore, there is a need to understand how the Colombian consumer perceives and is influenced by the social media. Also, as Colombia is ranked number 15 with the most daily active users worldwide, meaning that the digital market on social media has a high potential. Colombian consumers are different than European consumer regarding online and social media purchase. Therefore, it is important to understand their attitudes and cognition about this subject. Research question: Q1: How do Colombian consumers perceive the purchase of furniture products through social media? Q2: In which way social media influence Colombian consumer’s attitudes toward purchasing furniture? Purpose: Identify what is the Colombian consumer’s attitude and perception toward purchase furniture through social media. Also, recognising how does social media influence Colombian consumer attitudes toward buying furniture. Method: The research design was qualitative and abductive manner. The empirical data was collected through Semi-structure interviews. It was essential for this study to settle in the ontological part as consumers’ behaviour was examined. Conclusion: This research found that Colombian consumers have a negative attitude towards social media. Nevertheless, this first attitude tends to change when it comes to the influences that social media have in their final decision making when purchasing furniture. Also, the Colombian consumer is seeking for information on social media for every purchase they make. Reviews are a key aspect that they take into consideration when purchasing an item of furniture. These reviews have the power to influences their perception of products and their final decision either to positive or negative.
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CORO', FEDERICO. "Exploiting Social Influence to Control Opinions in Social Networks." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/9941.
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Social networks started as a place to comfortably connect with your friends. With them, we can communicate our thoughts and opinions over different topics and reach a large portion of users, even those who are not on your friend’s list. This has led to making social networks a crucial part of many of us, providing for example information, entertainment, and learning. Many users prefer to access social networks, like Facebook or Twitter, to have access to news as they provide faster means for information diffusion. However, as a consequence, online social networks are also exploited as a tool to alter users’ opinions, especially during political campaigns. A real-life example is the 2018 Cambridge Analytica scandal when it was revealed that the company had harvested personal data from Facebook users and used it for political advertising purposes. The idea was to target users with specific messages, which were meant to alter or reinforce user opinions. This is a concern for the health of our democracies which rely on having access to information providing diverse viewpoints. The aim of this work is to address the research issue of designing strategies to understand and overcome these processes that may have drastic consequences in our society.
We first consider the scenario in which a set of candidates are running for the elections and a social network of voters will decide the winner. Some attackers could be interested in changing the outcome of the elections by targeting a subset of voters with advertisement and/or (possibly fake) news. In this scenario we present two possible models that, exploiting influence in social networks, manipulate a voting process in order to make a target candidate win or lose the elections. We start by defining a model in which the preference list of each voter is known and give a constant factor approximation algorithm that can be used in arbitrary scoring rule voting systems, e.g., Plurality rule or Borda count. However, this assumption is not always satisfied in a realistic scenario as voters can be undecided on their preferences or they may not reveal them to the manipulator. Thus, we extend this model to design a scenario in which the manipulator can only guess a probability distribution over the candidates for each voter, instead of a deterministic preference list. Interestingly, while the problem can be approximated within a constant factor in the case of full knowledge, we show that, with partial information, the election control problem is hard to approximate within any constant factor through a reduction from Densest-k-subgraph problem, under some computational complexity hypothesis. However, we are able to show that a small relaxation of the model allows us to give a constant factor approximation algorithm.
One of the possible ways to prevent election control for the integrity of voting processes is to reduce social biases and give to the users the possibility to be exposed to multiple sources with diverse perspectives and balancing users opinions by exposing them to challenging ideas. In this perspective we first investigate the problem from a computational point of view and generalize the work introduced by Garimella et al. [1] of balancing information exposure in a social network. In this setting we obtain strong approximation hardness results, however, we mitigate these hardness results by designing an algorithm with an approximation factor of Ω (n −1/2).
Finally, we address the same issue of reducing the bias in social networks by proposing a link recommendation algorithm that evaluates the links to suggest according to their increment in social influence. We formulate the link recommendation task as an optimization problem that asks to suggest a fixed number of new connections to a subset of users with the aim of maximizing the network portion that is reached by their generated content. Thus, enhancing the possibility to spread their opinions.
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Rios, Trujillo Magaly Frihorela, and Torres Renzo Alexis Casana. "Dilema ético en el uso de la publicidad subliminal." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628077.
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El presente artículo aborda la controversia que se origina a partir del uso de la publicidad subliminal, pues aparentemente ejercería cierta influencia en el comportamiento del consumidor. Siendo así, la publicidad subliminal podría contravenir principios éticos y morales. Por ello, esta investigación presentará y analizará estudios relevantes sobre el posible dilema ético que surgiría del uso de la publicidad subliminal y la influencia que podría generar en la decisión de compra de los consumidores. Como punto de partida, se precisarán los conceptos de ética y publicidad subliminal que ayudarán a reconocer y entender cuándo se presenta un dilema ético por el uso de este tipo de publicidad, cuyo cuestionamiento será el tema central de este trabajo. Además, se explicará el concepto de la deontología profesional de los medios publicitarios con el objetivo de exponer una posible relación entre el ejercicio profesional y origen del dilema ético. Asimismo, se analizará la influencia de los factores sociales, culturales, políticos y legales en la publicidad subliminal.This article deals with the controversy caused by the use of subliminal advertising, which seems to have some influence on consumer behavior. If so, subliminal advertising could transgress ethical and moral principles. This research intends to introduce and analize pertinent research on the ethical dilemma that would arise from using subliminal advertising and its influence on consumers’ decisions. First, the meaning of ethics and subliminal advertising will be conveyed accurately, this will be helpful for recognizing and understanding the presence of an ethical dilemma due to this kind of advertising, that is to say the core of this research. In addition, deontology-based advertising ethical value will be explained in order to show a possible link between professional practice and the nature of the ethical dilemma. Also, the influence of social, cultural, political and legal aspects on subliminal advertising will be addressed.
Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional
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Kello, Elenor. "Egen och social påverkan på perfektionsim hos individuella idrottare." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2368.
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The main purpose of this study was to examine own and social influence on perfectionism
with individual athletes. The participants (n= 96) of this study represented ten different sports
and their ages was between 15 and 44. An interview with four of the participant was
conducted. The instruments used for this study was the Positive and Negative Perfectionism
Scale (Terry-Short et al., 1995) and for the interviews questions was based on own and social
influence. The results showed that there was a relationship between positive perfectionism
and own influence, negative perfectionism and own influence, negative perfectionism and
social influence. The results did not show any gender difference regarding perfectionism and
own/social influence. The interview gave a deeper knowledge on positive perfectionism
together with own and social influence and negative perfectionism together with own and
social influence.
Keywords: Individual athletes, Own influence, Perfectionism, Social influence
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Bordianu, Gheorghita. "Learning influence probabilities in social networks." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114597.
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Social network analysis is an important cross-disciplinary area of research, with applications in fields such as biology, epidemiology, marketing and even politics. Influence maximization is the problem of finding the set of seed nodes in an information diffusion process that guarantees maximum spread of influence in a social network, given its structure. Most approaches to this problem make two assumptions. First, the global structure of the network is known. Second, influence probabilities between any two nodes are known beforehand, which is rarely the case in practical settings. In this thesis we propose a different approach to the problem of learning those influence probabilities from past data, using only the local structure of the social network. The method is grounded in unsupervised machine learning techniques and is based on a form of hierarchical clustering, allowing us to distinguish between influential and the influenceable nodes. Finally, we provide empirical results using real data extracted from Facebook.L'analyse des réseaux sociaux est un domaine d'études interdisciplinaires qui comprend des applications en biologie, épidémiologie, marketing et même politique. La maximisation de l'influence représente un problème où l'on doit trouver l'ensemble des noeuds de semence dans un processus de diffusion de l'information qui en même temps garantit le maximum de propagation de son influence dans un réseau social avec une structure connue. La plupart des approches à ce genre de problème font appel à deux hypothèses. Premièrement, la structure générale du réseau social est connue. Deuxièmement, les probabilités des influences entre deux noeuds sont connues à l'avance, fait qui n'est d'ailleurs pas valide dans des circonstances pratiques. Dans cette thèse, on propose un procédé différent visant la problème de l'apprentissage de ces probabilités d'influence à partir des données passées, en utilisant seulement la structure locale du réseau social. Le procédé se base sur l'apprentissage automatique sans surveillance et il est relié à une forme de regroupement hiérarchique, ce qui nous permet de faire la distinction entre les noeuds influenceurs et les noeuds influencés. Finalement, on fournit des résultats empiriques en utilisant des données réelles extraites du réseau social Facebook.
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Sjöström, Emma. "Shareholder influence on corporate social responsibility." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Marknadsföring, Distributionsekonomi och Industriell Dynamik (D), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-432.
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How can you use your money to make the world a better place? This research explores how institutional shareholders can use their position of ownership to influence corporations with regards to issues such as human rights, labour conditions, and the environment (otherwise known as CSR). This work, comprised of six separate studies, shows that translation processes, which can bridge the disparate institutional logics of the corporate sector with the logics of the environmental protection and social justice sectors, enables shareholders influence on CSR. This research also introduces the notion that shareholders can act in a capacity of norm entrepreneur and norm promoter, suggesting that shareholders can influence corporations in more far-reaching ways than changing single instances of behaviour.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2009 Sammanfattning jämte 6 uppsatser
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Ewing, Lee Elizabeth. "Social Norms' Influence on Gendered Behaviors." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27118.
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Individual variability in engagement in gendered behavior is primarily assumed to be the result of variability in gender roles (i.e., femininity, masculinity; Bem, 1981). However, contextual factors have also been shown to influence behaving in gendered ways (Leszczynski & Strough, 2008; Pickard & Strough, 2003). The current studies sought to explore engagement in gendered behaviors by examining the influence of social norms on gendered behaviors, as well as how those perceptions interact with gender self-concepts (i.e., gendered contingencies of selfworth, self-efficacy for behaving in gendered ways, similarity to others of one's sex) to influence engagement in gendered behaviors. Two studies were conducted in which participant behavior was measured by having them complete tasks with ambiguous gender stereotypes associated with them: pain threshold and endurance. The norms were presented through direct feedback in Study 1 and through behavioral modeling from confederates in Study 2. Each study also examined the moderating effect of gender self-concepts: gendered contingencies of selfworth, self-efficacy for behaving in gendered ways, and similarity to others of one's sex. In study 1, sex differences were found such that men who were told that their sex was superior evidenced elevated pain threshold when compared to men who were not given any gender specific information. Furthermore, similarity to others of one's sex moderated the association. In study 2, direct tests of the effect of presented norms on groups were not found to be significant. However, when controlling for each of the gender self-concepts, individuals who had same-sex superiority demonstrated had significantly higher pain threshold than those who had observed same-sex confederates demonstrating inferior pain threshold and endurance. Additionally, individuals with higher levels of gender self-efficacy were more likely to have the gendered information impact their behavior than individuals with low levels of gender self-efficacy. Overall, social norms were found to have an impact on individuals' engagement in gendered behaviors, although individual personality factors moderated those relationships. The current work shines a light on how gender norms can both heighten or diminish engagement in gendered behaviors, and underscores the need to examine individual differences when exploring the impact of contextual norms.
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Corrégé, Jean-Baptiste. "Application des normes sociales aux technologies persuasives : le cas de la rénovation énergétique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS530/document.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse à la question des changements de comportement, et notamment à la manière dont cette question s'applique au domaine informatique à travers les technologies persuasives. Dans un contexte applicatif particulier, celui de la rénovation de logements, nous nous intéressons au rôle que peuvent jouent les informations à disposition des utilisateurs sur leur façon d'élaborer leur projet de rénovation. Une façon de modifier les comportements des utilisateurs est de modifier les buts qu'ils poursuivent, soit de manière explicite, soit de manière implicite. Si l'efficacité de la première a été montrée en contexte expérimental, elle semble toutefois moins adaptée à des situations naturelles. Nous proposons donc une approche visant à modifier les buts poursuivis par les utilisateurs implicitement.Dans cette optique, nous travaillons d'abord à l'emploi de normes sociales injonctives pour inciter les utilisateurs à travailler particulièrement sur la rénovation énergétique. Au cours d'une première étude, nous comparons norme sociale injonctive et objectif arbitraire à une condition contrôle. Nous nous intéressons à la performance des participants à la tâche (améliorer la performance énergétique d'un logement) ainsi qu'à la manière dont le projet se met en place tout au long de l'étude. Les résultats montrent que norme sociale et objectif explicite ont un effet similaire sur la performance à la tâche mais différent sur l'organisation temporelle. On observe ainsi des comportements plus stables dans le cas où la norme sociale est activée, et un effet qui semble globalement moins artificiel que dans le cas où on fixe un objectif explicite à l'utilisateur. Cette première étude met également en avant la nécessité pour la norme d'être saillante, ou activée.Nous nous intéressons donc dans une deuxième étude à ce qui caractérise la saillance du message normatif.Dans la première étude, nous avions utilisé deux types d'informations différentes : le message normatif et des indices concrets relatifs au comportement désirable. Cette deuxième étude vise à distinguer ces deux informations et tester leur effet respectif. Les résultats montrent que le message normatif semble avoir un effet légèrement plus important sur la performance mais aussi plus artificiel sur les comportements des utilisateurs.Dans une troisième étude, nous nous intéressons aux caractéristiques du message, en faisant l'hypothèse qu'un message mieux perçu pourrait appuyer la saillance de la norme qu'il porte. Dans le cadre d'une collaboration avec des chercheurs en intelligence artificielle nous avons ainsi testé différents types de cadrage afin d'évaluer leur effet respectif sur la perception de l'argument auquel ils s'appliquaient.Les résultats, mitigés, montrent essentiellement que le style argumentatif (rationnel et factuel plutôt qu'émotionnel ou moral) semble avoir un poids conséquent sur la perception de l'argument. En outre, la thématique abordée par l'argument semble jouer un rôle non négligeable et devrait donc faire l'objet d'une attention particulière pour le développement d'interventions similaires.Sur le plan applicatif, nos résultats mettent d'abord en évidence la pertinence de l'utilisation des normes sociales injonctives dans un contexte de technologie persuasive. Ils montrent également que les messages portant la norme sociale doivent être conçus avec soin, en tenant compte de multiples facteurs. Sur le plan théorique, nous montrons qu'une norme sociale peut avoir un effet comparable à celui d'un objectif explicitement fixé, mais que les deux génèrent la mise en place de processus cognitifs différents. Enfin, sur le plan méthodologique, nous appliquons l'analyse de traces de l'activité au champ de l'influence sociale, ce qui, à notre connaissance, n'avait pas encore été mis en placeThis thesis deals with the question of behavioral changes, and in particular with the way this question applies to the computer domain through persuasive technologies.In a particular application context, that of the renovation of housing, we are interested in the role that the information available to users can play in the way they develop their renovation project. One way to change user behavior is to change the goals they pursue, either explicitly or implicitly. Although the effectiveness of the former has been shown in an experimental context, it seems less suitable for natural situations. We therefore propose an approach aimed at modifying the goals pursued by the users implicitly.With this in mind, we are working first on the use of injunctive social norms to encourage users to work particularly on energy renovation. In a first study, we compare injunctive social norm and goal setting to a control condition. We are interested in the performance of the participants in the task (improving the energy performance of a home) as well as the way in which the project is set up throughout the study. The results show that social norm and explicit goal have a similar effect on task performance but different on temporal organization. We also observe a more stable behavior in the case where the social norm is activated, and an effect that seems globally less artificial than in the case where we set an explicit objective to the user. This first study also highlights the need for the norm to be salient, or activated.In a second study, we focus on what characterizes the salience of the normative message. In the first study, we used two different types of information: the normative message and concrete cues of desirable behavior. This second study aims to distinguish these two types of information and test their respective effect. The results show that the normative message seems to have a slightly greater effect on performance but also more artificial on user behavior.In a third study, we are interested in the characteristics of the message, assuming that a better perceived message could support the salience of the norm it carries. As part of a collaboration with artificial intelligence researchers, we tested different types of framing to assess their respective effect on the perception of the argument to which they applied. The mixed results essentially show that the argumentative style (rational and factual rather than emotional or moral) seems to have a significant weight on the perception of the argument. In addition, the theme addressed by the argument seems to play a significant role and should therefore be given special attention for the development of similar interventions.At the application level, our results first highlight the relevance of the use of injunctive social norms in a context of persuasive technology. They also show that social standard messages must be carefully crafted, taking into account multiple factors. On the theoretical level, we show that a social norm can have an effect comparable to that of an explicitly fixed objective, but that both generate the setting up of different cognitive processes. Eventually, methodologically, we apply the analysis of traces of activity to the field of social influence, which, to our knowledge, had not yet been put in place
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Millhouse, Penny. "Social facilitation, social loafing, and the influence of task complexity /." Adelaide, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsm653.pdf.
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Over, Harriet. "Social influence and social learning in young children and infants." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54866/.
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This thesis examines the motivations underlying social influence and behaviour matching in young children. In my General Introduction, I argue that, in adults, behaviour matching is often motivated by goals to learn from and affiliate with other group members (or by a combination of these two factors). In addition to explicit forms of behaviour matching, however, adults also subconsciously assimilate their behaviour to those around them. I argue that imitation in young children may be similarly motivated by goals to learn from and affiliate with others. In other words, that imitation performs an instrumental and a social function in development. Further, I argue that young children may also subconsciously assimilate their behaviour to those around them. The following experimental chapters test aspects of these claims. Chapter 2 investigates verbal imitation. Focusing on the instrumental aspects of this ability, I test whether young children copy the perceived intentions behind speech. Results show that children correct the ungrammatical utterances of an intentional model, but copy the utterances of a non-intentional model exactly. Chapter 3 investigates social imitation. In that chapter, I test whether children increase their imitation when they have a goal to affiliate. Results show that children who have been given a goal to affiliate (through priming with social exclusion) copy the actions of a model significantly more closely than children who have been given a neutral prime. Chapter 4 investigates unintentional, or subconscious, behaviour matching and tests whether even infants assimilate their behaviour to social primes. Results show that infants primed with affiliation are significantly more likely to help an experimenter than infants primed with individuality. Taken together, these experiments demonstrate that behaviour matching is a diverse and important phenomenon in development. It occurs both intentionally and unintentionally, and enables children to learn from and affiliate with those around them.
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Osborne, Delane Julia. "Social Influence Through Word-of-Mouth Communications in Social Networking." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/75648.
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A study contributing to the existing literature by conceptualising a holistic model of the operation of word-of-mouth communications. Operationalized through a mixed methods research design, the study provides empirical evidence of the existence of influence from brand related word-of-mouth communications exchanged on social networking sites. Considering the impact of this influence on the consumption behaviours of individuals, results from the study have practical implications for marketing practitioners utilising social media as a marketing tool.
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Orfali, Birgitta. "L'adhésion au Front national : étude d'une minorité devenue mouvement social." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0316.
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Dans ce travail, nous avons voulu etudier la transformation d'une minorite en mouvement social a travers l'analyse des motivations d'adhesion au front national. Dans la premiere partie, nous exposons le modele des minorites actives de serge moscovici et nous reprenons la theorie des mouvements sociaux de hadley cantril et celle d'alain touraine. Suit une analyse de la litterature consacree a la "personnalite autoritaire" et a des mouvements d'extreme droite (notamment l'etude de michael billig sur le national front). Nous nous referons ensuite a divers ouvrages consacres au fn et publies ces dernieres annees pour enfin presenter notre methodologie. La seconde partie de ce travail repose sur l'analyse de 50 entretiens semi-directifs, effectues en 1985, a pau et en region parisienne, aupres d'adherents et de sympathisants du fn. Les types de participation et d'action au sein du parti, le vecu de la vie partisane, l'articulation differente des membres par rapport aux principes d'identite, d'opposition et de totalite, nous conduisent a l'elaboration d'une typologie des adherents. Nous distinguons en effet l'homme d'ordre (pour qui prime l'enjeu minoritaire), l'homme de violence (qui s'oppose surtout aux outgroups) et l'homme assujetti (qui se caracterise par son suivisme et sa quete d'identite - identite que lui fournit le parti-). Une analyse factorielle des correspondances nous permet de valider nos hypotheses concernant cette trilogie. La derniere partie cerne la representation de la societe partagee par les membres du fn. Precisons que ce travail ne se veut ni critique ni apologetique par rapport au front nationalThe aim of this work is to study the transformation of a minority into a social movement through the case of the french party "front national". The first part presents the theories used : that of "active minorities" elaborated by serge moscovici and that on social movements by hadley cantril and alain touraine. The literature which concerns the "authoritarian personality" is then commented as well as the work by michael billig on the national front. We refer then to different works published recently on the front national and we expose our methodology. In the second part, we analyse 50 interviews made in 1985, in pau and paris, with members of the front national. We look for the reasons behibd the membership. Different types of participation and action within the party emerge and we then elaborate a typology which distinguish three types of men according to the three principles of identity, opposition and aim : first, the person who wants order, second, the person who is violent, third, the follower. A factorial analysis helps us to validate our hypothesis concerning thi typology. The final part analyses the representation of society shared by the members. This work tries to explain the emergence of the front national without criticizing or making the apology of the party. It tries to be as objective as possible
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Aslay, Çiğdem. "From viral marketing to social advertising: ad allocation under social influence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401679.
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This thesis constitutes one of the first investigations that lie at the intersection of social influence propagation, viral marketing, and social advertising. The objective of this thesis is to take the algorithmic aspects of viral marketing out of the lab, and further enhance these aspects to account for the real world social advertisement models, by drawing on the viral marketing literature to study social influence aware ad allocation for social advertising. To this end, we take a first step towards enabling social influence online analytics in support of viral marketing decision making, and propose efficient influence indexing framework that can accurately answer topic-aware viral marketing queries with milliseconds response time. We then initiate investigation in the area of social advertising through the viral marketing lens, aligned with real world social advertisement models, and introduce two fundamental optimization problems, regarding the allocation of ads to social network users under social influence. We devise greedy approximation algorithms with provable approximation guarantees for the novel problems introduced. We also develop scalable versions of our approximation algorithms by leveraging the notion of reverse reachability sampling on social graphs, and experimentally confirm that our algorithms are scalable and deliver high quality solutions.Aquesta tesi constitueix una de les primeres investigacions en la intersecció entre propagació d'influència social, màrqueting viral i publicitat social. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és treure els aspectes algorítmics de màrqueting viral fora del laboratori, i millorar-los per tenir en compte els models de publicitat del món real en xarxes socials, fent ús de la literatura del màrqueting viral per estudiar l'assignació d'anuncis basada en la influència social per a la publicitat en xarxes socials. Amb aquesta finalitat, hem pres un primer pas cap al desenvolupament de anàlisi d'influència social en línia que ajudin en la presa de decisions en el màrqueting viral, i proposem un marc per a la indexació eficient d'influència que pugui respondre amb precisió a les consultes de màrqueting viral orientades a temes específics amb temps de resposta de mil·lisegons. A continuació, comencem una investigació en l'àrea de la publicitat social a través de la lent del màrqueting viral, en línia amb models de publicitat del món real, i introduïm dos nous problemes d'optimització pel que fa a l'assignació d'anuncis als usuaris de la xarxa social sota la influència social, amb garanties d'aproximació demostrables. També desenvolupem una versió escalable dels nostres algoritmes d'aproximació aprofitant la noció de presa de mostres d'accessibilitat inversa en grafs socials, i confirmem experimentalment que els nostres algoritmes són escalables i ofereixen solucions d'alta qualitat.
Esta tesis constituye una de las primeras investigaciones en la intersección entre propagación de influencia social, marketing viral y publicidad social. El objetivo es sacar los aspectos algorítmicos de marketing viral fuera del laboratorio, y mejorarlos para tener en cuenta los modelos de publicidad del mundo real en redes sociales, haciendo uso de la literatura de marketing viral para estudiar asignación de anuncios basada en la influencia social. Con este fin, tomamos un primer paso hacia el desarrollo de análisis de influencia social en línea que ayuden en la toma de decisiones en el marketing viral, y proponemos un marco para la indexación eficiente de influencia que pueda responder con precisión a las consultas de marketing viral orientadas a temas específicos con tiempo de respuesta de milisegundos. A continuación, iniciamos una investigación en el área de la publicidad social a través de la lente del marketing viral, en línea con modelos de publicidad del mundo real, e introducimos dos nuevos problemas de optimización respecto a la asignación de anuncios a los usuarios de la red social bajo la influencia social, con garantías de aproximación demostrables. También desarrollamos una versión escalable de nuestros algoritmos de aproximación aprovechando la noción de toma de muestras de accesibilidad inversa en grafos sociales, y confirmamos experimentalmente que nuestros algoritmos son escalables y ofrecen soluciones de alta calidad.
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Gu, Xiaoting. "The influence of social media on chinese college students' social activism." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/839.
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Guided by Uses and Gratifications Theory, this study investigated the relationship between Chinese college students' use of social media and their social activism. Data collected from a goup-administered survey of 309 undergraduate students at a large university in eastern China was used to answer four research questions. The results indicated that Chinese college students who used social media for information seeking were likely to participate in individual social activism. Besides, students who used social media for self-status seeking and information seeking were likely to participate in collective social activism. No significant correlation between entertainment motivation and social activism were found. Neither can socializing motivation predict Chinese college students' social activism. In addition, gender had an impact on individual social activism and frequency of social media use could affect both individual and collective social activism.
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Di, Palermo Vincent. "Social Influence and Organizational Innovation Characteristics on Enterprise Social Computing Adoption." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2026.
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Ample research has been conducted to identify the determinants of information technology (IT) adoption. No previous quantitative researchers have explored IT adoption in the context of enterprise social computing (ESC). The purpose of this study was to test and extend the social influence model of IT adoption. In addition, this study addressed a gap in the research literature and presented a model that relates the independent variables of social action, social consensus, social authority, social cooperation, perceived relative advantage, perceived compatibility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and organizational commitment to the dependent variables of social embracement and embedment. A randomized stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed on survey data from 125 C-level executives (i.e., chief information officers and chief technology officers). The analysis found that executives consider perceived relative advantage, organizational commitment, and social computing action as the most significant factors relating to the adoption of ESC. Executives' perceptions about ESC could impact organizational commitment, implementation, and use of such technologies. The findings could make a social contribution within organizations by helping C-level executives understand the degree to which these factors contribute to the ESC adoption. The knowledge from this study may also help organizations derive operational effectiveness, efficiency, and create business value for their clients and society.
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MARINUCCI, MARCO. "SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN IMMIGRANTS: How intergroup social connections influence its impact." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/309658.
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L’esclusione sociale comporta delle conseguenze negative per il benessere degli individui, soprattutto se questa persiste nel tempo e nei vari contesti di vita. La letteratura converge nell’identificare il ritiro psicologico e comportamentale come la diretta e inevitabile conseguenza dell’esclusione sociale cronica (Williams, 2009; Smart Richman & Leary, 2009). Ricerche preliminari hanno confermato che le persone vittime di esclusione sociale persistente tendono a sviluppare uno stato mentale di rassegnazione, caratterizzata da sentimenti di depressione, alienazione, mancanza di autostima e di speranza nel futuro. Tuttavia, la letteratura è carente di chiare evidenze empiriche sul legame univoco tra esclusione sociale cronica e lo sviluppo della rassegnazione o sui potenziali fattori che possono influenzare lo sviluppo delle conseguenze a lungo termine dell’esclusione sociale. Il presente progetto di ricerca ha come obiettivo quello di indagare lo sviluppo della rassegnazione nei migranti, in particolare richiedenti asilo e rifugiati, che sono costantemente esposti a fenomeni di esclusione sociale. Inoltre, gli studi di questo progetto indagano il ruolo delle connessioni sociali con la popolazione della società ospitante e con altri migranti nel moderare lo sviluppo della rassegnazione. In cinque studi, questo progetto fornisce chiare evidenze che le connessioni con la popolazione nazionale proteggono dall’insorgenza della rassegnazione, mentre le connessioni con altri migranti ne aggravano il suo sviluppo. Il primo studio presenta risultati correlazionali preliminari a supporto di questo modello di risultati, focalizzandosi su un campione di richiedenti asilo ospitati all’interno di centri di accoglienza in Italia. Il secondo studio fornisce un replica dei risultati su un ampio campione di studenti, immigrati di prima generazione in quattro Paesi europei. Il terzo studio presenta dei risultati longitudinali che mostrano il legame causale dell’esclusione sociale nell’indurre la rassegnazione, sottolineando come questo avvenga in un arco temporale di sei mesi. Il quarto studio mostra come l’incremento delle connessioni con gli italiani e con gli altri migranti rispettivamente prevengano e aggravino lo sviluppo della rassegnazione nel tempo. Infine, il quinto studio presenta risultati sperimentali che estendono l’influenza delle connessioni tra gruppi sociali anche sulle immediato impatto emotivo dell’esclusione sociale, coinvolgendo sia migranti richiedenti asilo e rifugiati che migranti economici. Gli studi presentati arricchiscono la letteratura esistente, mostrando l’esitenza di fattori intervenienti che articolano il nesso causale tra esclusione e rassegnazione. Questa ricerca contribuisce alla comprensione dell’impatto dell’esclusione sociale nei migranti, enfatizzando i benefici delle connessioni con la popolazione nazionale e i rischi della segregazione sociale.Social exclusion has detrimental consequences on humans’ health, especially if experienced pervasively and persistently over time. The literature converges in identifying psychological resignation and behavioral withdrawal as the sole and inescapable consequences of chronic social exclusion (Williams, 2009; Smart Richman & Leary, 2009). Preliminary research supported that people experiencing persistent exclusion are likely to enter the resignation stage, characterized by feelings of depression, alienation, unworthiness, and helplessness. However, firm evidence of this univocal link and the potential factors influencing the development of the long-term consequences of social exclusion is still lacking. The current project investigated the onset of the resignation stage in immigrants, particularly asylum-seekers and refugees who are persistently exposed to episodes of social exclusion. This project also focused on the role of intergroup social connections with the national majority and other immigrants minorities in moderating the development of the resignation. Five studies showed that social connections with the national group protected from the onset of the resignation stage, whereas connections with other immigrants aggravated it. Study 1 provided cross-sectional evidence of this pattern of results focusing on asylum-seekers hosted within welcoming centers in Italy. Study 2 replicated the findings on a larger sample of first-generation immigrant students in four European countries. Study 3 provided longitudinal causal evidence that social exclusion led to the resignation stage in a temporal framework of six months. Study 4 longitudinally replicated the moderating role of intergroup connections. Lastly, Study 5 experimentally supported the relevance of intergroup connections for the immediate emotional responses to social exclusion in forced and voluntary immigrants. The studies enriched the existing literature emphasizing that intervening factors can moderate the causal exclusion-resignation link. Furthermore, the current project contributed to understanding the impact of social exclusion in immigrants, highlighting the health benefits of bridging connections and the risk of societal segregation.
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Smart, Cordet Anne. "Understanding social influence differently : a discursive study of livery yards." Thesis, Open University, 2013. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54708/.
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The present thesis offers a synthetic, discursive psychological investigation into social influence, as manifested in an everyday context - a livery yard in the south-west of England. Drawing on insights from Conversation Analysis, Discursive Psychology and Critical Discursive Psychology, the thesis demonstrates the limitations of traditional social psychological approaches to social influence, especially in terms of our understanding of how influence manifests itself in everyday life. The thesis argues that in order to understand social influence in practice it is important to study language in action, that is, the discursive and interactional practices through which influence is produced and through which people orient towards the possibility of influence. Also, the thesis examines how influence is mediated by other social actions including the demonstration of competence, exercise of leadership or the production of identity. The research presented in the thesis is based on the analysis of over 200 hours of audio and video data collected over eleven months of ethnographic work in a livery yard. The livery yard was chosen as the appropriate setting because social influence, in terms of giving, accepting or resisting advice, is a frequent concern both for the owners and the users of the livery yard. Also, the nature of the interactions in a livery yard, and the complexity of the social relationships between the management, staff and the customers meant that different forms of advice giving and orientations to influence could be readily observed, recorded and analysed. By examining how social influence is produced, oriented to and resisted in an everyday context, and by promoting a synthetic discursive approach to this quintessential social psychological topic, the thesis offers a timely critique of traditional research into social influence and contributes to the broader project of re-specifying social psychology in discursive, social constructionist terms.
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Bas, Jesús 1990. "Influence of social hierarchies on infants' learning." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664967.
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Humans are social animals living in groups and tending to organize themselves hierarchically. This social stratification influences individuals’ social interactions, as well as their cognitive processes such as learning. Because learning is essential during infancy, in this dissertation we aim to explore infants’ representation of social hierarchies and their influence on learning. A first set of studies showed that infants understand and can link from a third-party perspective two types of social hierarchies: those regulating conflicts (dominant-subordinate relationships) and those regulating collective actions (leader-follower relationships). A final study showed that infants are biased to learn from high-rank (dominant) individuals. We propose that infants' learning is influenced by high-rank agents because they are represented as leaders. We discuss the possible reasons behind human tendency to imitate high-rank agents (leaders) and we formulate a proposal of future studies addressing infants' representation of leadership.Los humanos son animales sociales que viven en grupos y que tienden a organizarse jerárquicamente. Esta estratificación social influye en las interacciones entre individuos, así como en sus procesos cognitivos, como por ejemplo el aprendizaje. Debido a que el aprendizaje es esencial durante la infancia, en esta tesis queremos explorar la representación infantil de las jerarquías sociales y su influencia en el aprendizaje. Un primer conjunto de estudios mostró que los bebés entienden y vinculan desde la perspectiva de un tercero dos tipos de jerarquías sociales: las que regulan conflictos (relaciones dominante-subordinado) y las que regulan acciones colectivas (relaciones líder-seguidor). Un último estudio demostró que los bebés están predispuestos a aprender de los individuos de alto rango (dominantes). Proponemos que el aprendizaje de los bebés está influenciado por los agentes de alto rango porque son representados como líderes. Planteamos las posibles razones detrás de la tendencia a imitar a los agentes de alto rango (líderes) y formulamos una propuesta de estudios futuros que aborden la representación infantil del liderazgo.
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Kruusvall, I︠U︡. "Environmental and social influence on human activity." Tartu, Estonia : Dept. of Psychology, University of Tartu, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35034030.html.
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Lu, Wei. "Computational social influence : models, algorithms, and applications." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58394.
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Social influence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in human life. Fueled by the extreme popularity of online social networks and social media, computational social influence has emerged as a subfield of data mining whose goal is to analyze and understand social influence using computational frameworks such as theoretical modeling and algorithm design. It also entails substantial application potentials for viral marketing, recommender systems, social media analysis, etc. In this dissertation, we present our research achievements that take significant steps toward bridging the gap between elegant theories in computational social influence and the needs of two real-world applications: viral marketing and recommender systems. In Chapter 2, we extend the classic Linear Thresholds model to incorporate price and valuation to model the diffusion process of new product adoption; we design a greedy-style algorithm that finds influential users from a social network as well as their corresponding personalized discounts to maximize the expected total profit of the advertiser. In Chapter 3, we propose a novel business model for online social network companies to sell viral marketing as a service to competing advertisers, for which we tackle two optimization problems: maximizing total influence spread of all advertisers and allocating seeds to advertisers in a fair manner. In Chapter 4, we design a highly expressive diffusion model that can capture arbitrary relationship between two propagating entities to arbitrary degrees. We then study the influence maximization problem in a novel setting consisting of two complementary entities and design efficient approximation algorithms. Next, in Chapter 5, we apply social influence into recommender systems. We model the dynamics of user interest evolution using social influence, as well as attraction and aversion effects. As a result, making effective recommendations are substantially more challenging and we apply semi-definite programming techniques to achieve near-optimal solutions. Chapter 6 concludes the dissertation and outlines possible future research directions.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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Tamir, Diana Ilse. "A Social Neuroscience Perspective on Egocentric Influence." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11523.
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This dissertation explores the cognitive mechanisms and motivations that guide two aspects of human social behavior: thinking about other's experiences and communicating with others. In both cases, studies investigated the possibility that self-referential thought guides our social behavior. First, Paper 1 and 2 investigated how people come to understand other's thoughts and experiences by suggesting that people may use their own self-knowledge as a starting point for making inferences about others. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral measures, these studies tested whether individuals make social inferences using the cognitive process of egocentric anchoring-and-adjustment, whereby individuals first anchor on self-knowledge, and then serially adjust away from these anchors in order to correct for differences between the self and other. Results provided evidence consistent with egocentric anchoring-and-adjustment: increases in self-other discrepancy corresponded to both increases in activity in the MPFC (Paper 1), a neural region associated with both self-referential thought and social cognition, as well as increases in response time (Paper 2), though only for targets where self-knowledge is particularly relevant. Paper 3 then investigated a prominent social behavior, self-disclosure--the act of sharing information about the self with others--which comprises 30- 40% of human conversation. Using both functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral economics methodology, five studies tested whether people communicate their thoughts and feelings to others because they are intrinsically motivated to do so. Results supported the hypothesis that individuals experience sharing their thoughts with others as subjectively rewarding: self-disclosure was associated with increased activation in brain regions that form the mesolimbic dopamine reward system; and individuals were willing to forgo money to self- disclose. Moreover, both the self and the disclosure aspects of self-disclosure independently contributed to its value. Together these Papers contribute to our understanding of the ways in which our internal world grounds elements of our external social acts.Psychology
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Willroth, Emily Catherine. "Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Social Influence on Emotion." W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626813.
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Lopez, Joshua. "Social Media's Influence on Consumers' Purchase Intentions." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2132.
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The focus of this study is to explore the effect social media have on influencing consumers’ purchase intentions for different brands. More specifically, this paper aims to examine how different social media communication styles for a brand, such as firm generated content (FGC) and user generated content (UGC), influence consumers’ purchase intentions for different brands when valenced either positively or negatively. Firm-generated content is a communication style which is essentially a form of advertising that is completely controlled by a brand and follows a marketing strategy (Schvinski & Dabrowski, 2016). User-generated content is an original communication style created by consumers that are unrelated to any specific brand and is disseminated via the internet (Daugherty, Eastin, & Bright, 2008). The participants of this study were 61 undergraduate liberal arts college students from southern California. Participants in the study were exposed to various brand descriptions and social media posts and tasked with indicating their purchase intentions for these brands. The results of this study imply that different communication styles as well as different brand valences significantly influence consumers’ purchase intentions. Positively valenced brands positively influenced purchase intentions while negatively valenced brands negatively impacted purchase intentions. FGC was shown to have a more positive effect on purchase intentions than UGC, however, UGC was shown to have a strong negative influence on purchase intention when UGC posts were valenced negatively.
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葉煒堅 and Wai-kin Yip. "When personal preferences collide with social norms: the role of norm-based rejection sensitivity inaccentuating the impact of social influence." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43756864.
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Håkansson, Amanda, Emelie Jansson, and Noah Kapteijn. "The Mystery of Social Media Influencers Influencing Characteristics : An exploratory study on how social media influencers characteristics influence consumer purchase intentions." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96457.
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Background: Social media have had a big influence on consumers engagement and the upcoming of social media influencers. Social media influencers are often seen as people who are similar to their audience and could be seen as strong opinion leaders. Social media influencer marketing is becoming more and more beneficial for businesses to implement in their marketing strategy. In order to know how to choose the right SMI for the cause, it could be useful to consider four specific characteristics of social media influencers. The characteristics have previously been examined in quantitative research, focusing on the relationship between the characteristics and purchase intention. Therefore, a certain need to explore how this relationship influence consumers’ purchase intentions has been identified. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore how consumers purchase intentions are influenced by social media influencers characteristics. The question that was asked in the study was how does each of the characteristics of social media influencers influence consumers’ purchase intentions. Methodology: This thesis used a qualitative approach and was of exploratory nature. The data was gathered through unstructured in-depth interviews based on a purposive sample considering the age group (millennials born between 1980-1996) as well as the participants frequently consuming social media influencers. The researchers verified theoretical saturation at six interviews. Conclusion: The main findings of this thesis entail how consumers’ purchase intentions are influenced by social media influencers characteristics. What was concluded is that there are eight categories that explain how the respondents thought that social media influencers can achieve with being attractive, being perceived as similar to their consumers, being authentic and being trustworthy in order to influence their purchase intentions.
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Yip, Wai-kin. "When personal preferences collide with social norms the role of norm-based rejection sensitivity in accentuating the impact of social influence /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43756864.
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Lei, Siyu, and 雷思宇. "Online influence maximization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210187.
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Social networks, such as Twitter and Facebook, enable the wide spread of information through users’ influence on each other. These networks are very useful for marketing purposes. For example, free samples of a product can be given to a few influencers (seed nodes), with the hope that they will convince their friends to buy it. One way to formalize marketers’ objective is through the influence maximization problem, which is to find the best seed nodes to influence under a fixed budget so that the number of people who get influenced in the end is maximized. Recent solutions to influence maximization rely on the knowledge of the influence probability of every social network user. This is the probability that a user influences another one, and can be obtained by using users’ history of influencing others (called action logs). However, this information is not always available.
We propose a novel Online Influence Maximization (OIM) framework, showing that it is possible to maximize influence in a social network in the absence of exact information about influence probabilities. In our OIM framework, we investigate an Explore-Exploit (EE) strategy, which could run any one of the existing influence maximization algorithms to select the seed nodes using the current influence probability estimation (exploit), or the confidence bound of the estimation (explore). We then start the influence campaign using the seed nodes, and consider users’ immediate feedback to the campaign to further decide which seed nodes to influence next. Influence probabilities are modeled as random variables and their probability distributions are updated as we get feedback. In essence, we perform influence maximization and learning of influence probabilities at the same time. We further develop an incremental algorithm that can significantly reduce the overhead of handling users’ feedback information. We validate the e↵ectiveness and efficiency of our OIM framework on large real-world datasets.published_or_final_version
Computer Science
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Chen, Zhu. "Social considerations in online word of mouth." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52270.
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Word of mouth (WOM) – or information shared among consumers themselves – has long been regarded as one of the most influential information sources for consumers
(Brown and Reingen 1987). Unlike offline word of mouth, which typically occurs among people who know each other, online word of mouth typically occurs among
strangers who do not know, and are unlikely to ever know, one other. While it is reasonable to assume that social concerns, such as maintaining relationships, are
likely to influence people’s offline word of mouth behavior among familiar others, it is unclear whether social concerns dictate people’s online word of mouth
behavior. In my dissertation, I look at how social considerations – thoughts about other people – affect people’s online word of mouth behavior. In the second
chapter of my dissertation, I examine how people’s choice of word of mouth topic online is influenced by social considerations. Specifically, I find that while
people enjoy talking about controversial topics because the topics are intrinsically interesting, people often times avoid these topics because they fear social
rejection by their conversation partner. In chapter three, I examine how reviewers’ desire to appear logical (vs. imaginative) during word of mouth transmission
affects their memory for the experience. I find that attempting to be logical negatively affects reviewer’s memory and this is due to the logic mindset activating
verbal instead of perceptual processes during subsequent recall. In other words, impression management goals (e.g., to present oneself as a rational person) during
word of mouth communication may be detrimental for people’s memory . Chapter four examines how consumer evaluations of reviews are driven by consumer beliefs about
why reviews are written. I find that, in general, consumers tend to discount positive reviews because they think positive reviews are written for reviewer-specific
reason such a self-enhancement or signaling expertise. When temporal contiguity cues – words and phrases indicating that the review was written immediately after the
consumption experience – are present, however, people tend to give more credence to positive reviews because these cues make consumers think that the product
experience, rather than reviewer-specific goals, precipitated the writing of the review. Taken together, my dissertation shows that social considerations affect both
the transmission of word of mouth and the reception of online word of mouth. More generally, my dissertation showcases how thoughts about others (e.g., will others
be offended?) influence consumer behavior even in situations where present and future social interactions are unlikely to occur.
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Paskuda, Malte. "The influence of anonymity on participation in online communities." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0033/document.
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Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur l'influence de l'anonymat sur la participation dans les communautés en ligne. Le point de départ de ce travail est une observation au cours de la conception d'une plate-forme en ligne pour le soutien social entre aidants informels. J'avais noté que nous ne savions pas décider si les aidants devaient pouvoir être anonymes sur la plate-forme ou non, et quel en serait l’effet. Ma thèse comporte une revue de la littérature qui est synthétisée dans un modèle qui décrit quel sont les facteurs qui de participation en ligne qui pourraient être influencés par l’anonymat. Nous avons conduit trois études : Une sur Youtube, dont le système d'identification a changé pour ne plus permettre de poster des commentaires de façon anonyme, une sur Quora, où les utilisateurs peuvent choisir de répondre aux questions de manière anonyme ou non, et une sur Hacker News, où les utilisateurs peuvent choisir de dévoiler plus ou moins leur identité. Ces études nous permettent de montrer que, contrairement à ce que dit la littérature, 1) l'anonymat ne conduit pas nécessairement à des discussions impolies, 2) qu'il y a d'autres facteurs que l'anonymat qui ont une influence plus importante sur la participation, et que 3) l'anonymat peut révéler d’autres facteurs qui ont un effet sur la participation, comme la longueur du texte, qui a un effet sur l’appréciation sociale. Ces résultats permettent de confirmer le modèle "Social Identity of Deindividuation Effects", et le fait que l'anonymat peut avoir une influence positive sur l'esprit de groupeThis work presents my PhD thesis over the influence of anonymity on participation in online environments. The starting point was the observation made during the design of an online platform for informal caregivers, where I realized that it was unknown to us which practical effects an anonymous identity would have on the participation. This work contains the subsequent literature review, which was synthesized into a model showing which participation factors might be influenced by anonymity. We conducted three studies on existing online environments: One on Youtube, where there was a change in the comment system forbidding anonymous comments, one on Quora, where users can opt to answer questions anonymously, and one on Hacker News, where users choose how many identity factors they present and which name they use. The result of these studies are that, contrary to what the literature would suggest, 1) anonymity did not result to impolite and uncivil discussion, and 2) other factors than anonymity have a stronger influence on participation, and that 3) anonymity can make the effect of social signals visible, e.g. text properties like length which influences social appreciation. Additionally, we observed that participation is linked to profile completeness, and that an established web presence elsewhere limits participation. The implications of these results are a confirmation of the Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects, in its interpretation that anonymity can have positive effects on group identity
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Raita, Anca-Alexandra, and Aikaterini Gavrielatou. "The Social Media Influencer Effect on Consumers' Behavior : A qualitative study on macro social media influencers within the cosmetic industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448052.
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This thesis is aiming at investigating how macro social media influencers are affecting the consumer’s behavior of an individual within the cosmetic industry, with the outlined question: How do macro social media influencers affect consumers' behavior in the cosmetics industry? This thesis considers notions within community, social media influencers and consumers’ behavior field. An abductive qualitative research approach has been selected for this research, where data was gathered through individual semi-structured interviews, semi-structured focus groups, and semi-structured observations. Moreover, collected data from the individual and focus groups was analyzed based on the thematic coding approach, as well as in accordance with the presented analytical framework. The thesis concludes that macro social media influencers affect consumers’ behavior through their content and formed communities, to consume more and repeatedly, desire to reach a certain experience through consumption or behave in a certain manner individually or collectively.
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Rakoczy, Monika. "Exploring human interactions for influence modeling in online social networks." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLL010/document.
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De nos jours, la popularité des réseaux sociaux (RS) est en constante progression. En effet, de plus en plus d’utilisateurs interagissent dans le monde virtuel, soit en y exprimant des opinions, en partageant des expériences, en réagissant aux avis d’autrui ou encore en échangeant des idées, en fonction de leurs qualités : influents, populaires, dignes de confiance, etc.. Dans la littérature, l’influence a fait l'objet d'une attention particulière ces dernières années. En effet, de nombreux domaines, dont l’Analyse des Réseaux Sociaux (ARS) et les systèmes de recommandation ont étudié l’influence, sa détection, la propagation de son effet et sa mesure. Ainsi, des modèles d'identification et d'estimation de l'influence sont aujourd'hui largement utilisés dans de nombreuses applications dédiées au marketing, aux campagnes politiques/sociales, etc. De plus, les interactions entre utilisateurs indiquent non seulement l’influence mais aussi la confiance, la popularité ou la réputation. Cependant, ces notions sont encore vaguement définies et il n'existe pas de consensus dans la communauté ARS. Définir, distinguer et mesurer la force de ces relations entre les utilisateurs posent également de nombreux défis, à la fois théoriques et pratiques, qui restent à explorer. La modélisation de l’influence pose de multiples défis et les méthodes actuelles de découverte et d’évaluation n’explorent pas encore pleinement les différents types d’interactions et ne sont en général pas applicables à plusieurs RS. En outre, la prise en compte de la dimension temporelle dans le modèle d’influence est importante, difficile et nécessite un examen plus approfondi. Enfin, l’exploration de liens possibles entre des notions, telles que l’influence et la réputation, reste un sujet ouvert. Dans cette thèse, nous nous focalisons sur les quatre concepts qualifiant les utilisateurs : influence, réputation, confiance et popularité, pour la modélisation de l'influence. Nous analysons les travaux existants utilisant ces notions et comparons leurs différentes interprétations. Par cette analyse, nous mettons en avant les caractéristiques essentielles que ces concepts devraient inclure, et nous en effectuons une analyse comparative. Cela nous permet d'établir une classification globale des différentes interprétations des notions selon leur niveau d'abstraction et leurs divergences ; cela constitue la première, contribution de cette thèse. En conséquence, nous proposons un modèle théorique de l'influence ainsi qu'une ontologie associée décrivant ce concept. Nous présentons également une variante de l'influence, inexplorée à ce jour dans le domaine de l’ARS, la micro-influence. Celle-ci cible un phénomène nouveau dans les RS que sont les utilisateurs avec une faible audience, mais fortement impliqués ; ces derniers apparaissent en effet comme ayant un impact fort malgré tout. En s'appuyant sur ces définitions, nous proposons ensuite un modèle pratique dénommé ARIM (Action-Reaction Influence Model). Ce modèle considère le type, la qualité, la quantité et la fréquence des actions réalisées par les utilisateurs, et ce en étant compatible avec différents RS. Nous abordons également la quantification de l'influence au cours du temps et la représentation de ses effets de causalité. Pour cela, nous considérons un type spécifique de RS: les réseaux de citations, particulièrement sensibles au temps. Ainsi, nous proposons un modèle, TiDIE (Time Dependent Influence Estimation), qui détermine l'influence, sur une période de temps, entre les communautés de ces réseaux. Enfin, nous combinons l’influence et la réputation avec le modèle TiDIE, afin d’étudier les dépendances entre elles. Nous proposons une méthode de transition, ReTiDIE, utilisant l’influence pour obtenir la réputation. Pour chacune de nos approches, des expérimentations ont été menées sur des jeux de données réels et ont montré la pertinence de nos méthodesOnline social networks are constantly growing in popularity. They enable users to interact with one another and shifting their relations to the virtual world. Users utilize social media platforms as a mean for a rich variety of activities. Indeed, users are able to express their opinions, share experiences, react to other users' views and exchange ideas. Such online human interactions take place within a dynamic hierarchy where we can observe and distinguish many qualities related to relations between users, concerning influential, trusted or popular individuals. In particular, influence within Social Networks (SN) has been a recent focus in the literature. Many domains, such as recommender systems or Social Network Analysis (SNA), measure and exploit users’ influence. Therefore, models discovering and estimating influence are important for current research and are useful in various disciplines, such as marketing, political and social campaigns, recommendations and others. Interestingly, interactions between users can not only indicate influence but also involve trust, popularity or reputation of users. However, all these notions are still vaguely defined and not meeting the consensus in the SNA community. Defining, distinguishing and measuring the strength of those relations between the users are also posing numerous challenges, on theoretical and practical ground, and are yet to be explored. Modelization of influence poses multiple challenges. In particular, current state-of-the-art methods of influence discovery and evaluation still do not fully explore users’ actions of various types, and are not adaptive enough for using different SN. Furthermore, adopting the time aspect into influence model is important, challenging and in need of further examination part of the research. Finally, exploring possible connections and links between coinciding notions, like influence and reputation, remains to be performed.In this thesis, we focus on the qualities of users connected to four important concepts: influence, reputation, trust, and popularity, in the scope of SNA for influence modeling. We analyze existing works utilizing these notions and we compare and contrast their interpretations. Consequently, we emphasize the most important features that these concepts should include and we make a comparative analysis of them. Accordingly, we present a global classification of the notions concerning their abstract level and distinction of the terms from one another, which is a first and required contribution of the thesis. Consequently, we then propose a theoretical model of influence and present influence-related ontology. We also present a distinction of notion not yet explored in SNA discipline -- micro-influence, which targets new phenomena of users with a small but highly involved audience, who are observed to be still highly impactful. Basing on the definitions of the concepts, we propose a practical model, called Action-Reaction Influence Model (ARIM). This model considers type, quality, quantity, and frequency of actions performed by users in SN, and is adaptive to different SN types. We also focus on the quantification of influence over time and representation of influence causal effect. In order to do that, we focus on a particular SN with a specific characteristic - citation network. Indeed, citation networks are particularly time sensitive. Accordingly, we propose Time Dependent Influence Estimation (TiDIE), a model for determining influence during a particular time period between communities within time-dependent citation networks. Finally, we also combine two of the abovementioned notions, influence and reputation, in order to investigate the dependencies between them. In particular, we propose a transition method, ReTiDIE, that uses influence for predicting the reputation. For each of the proposed approaches, experiments have been conducted on real-world datasets and demonstrate the suitability of the methods
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Nordström, Linn, and Rebecca Pannula. "Under the influence : A quantitative study about social media influencers different attributes effect on online purchase intent." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48269.
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Research Questions: How does influencer marketing affect online purchase intent? How do social media influencers’ trustworthiness, expertise and attractiveness affect online purchase intent? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between online purchase intent and social media influencers, as well as how their attributes affect this relationship. Method: This empirical study consists of a quantitative online survey with 476 respondents. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that social media influencers have a positive impact on online purchase intent. Furthermore, the collected data could confirm that trustworthiness has a clear impact on online purchase intent, while expertise and attractiveness showed no significant impact.
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Cuhadaroglu, Tugce. "Essays on Social Groups: Inequality, Influence and the Structure of Interactions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125865.
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Uno de los principales problemas en economía siempre ha sido entender y formalizar la relación dinámica entre lo individual y lo social. Esta tesis incluye dos perspectivas complementarias para explorar esta importante cuestión.
En el primer enfoque, que se refiere al primer capítulo, se investiga la forma de evaluar el grado en que las diferencias en las características individuales dan lugar a diferencias en los resultados sociales, por así decirlo, perseguimos lo 'individual' en lo `social'. Nos centramos en las desigualdades no relacionadas con los ingresos entre grupos sociales, tales como las desigualdades de nivel de educación, situación laboral, la salud o el bienestar subjetivo. Proponemos una nueva metodología, el Índice de Dominación, para evaluar las desigualdades. Al proporcionar un enfoque axiomático, logramos mostrar cómo un conjunto de propiedades deseables para una medida de la desigualdad entre grupos, cuando la variable de interés no es cardinal sino ordinal, caracterizan nuestro Índice de Dominación. Por otra parte, en función de nuestro análisis, se explora la estrecha relación entre segregación y desigualdades entre grupos.
Los dos capítulos restantes de la tesis se pueden considerar como una persecución de lo `social 'en lo `individual'. Consideramos a una persona como un agente social e investigamos el papel de las interacciones sociales en la toma de decisiones individuales. En el segundo capítulo, nos centramos en el problema de identificar la influencia social y la homofilia. Proponemos una metodología que hace uso de los resultados de las decisiones individuales con el fin de evaluar el nivel de homofilia y la influencia recibida mediante la interacción social.
El objeto estudiado en el tercer capítulo, por otra parte, es la estructura de las interacciones sociales. Sugerimos, para descubrir la estructura subyacente de una red social, utilizar el análisis de patrones de conducta individual. En general, caracterizamos cuatro posibles estructuras de interacción diferentes mediante las cuales los individuos pueden estar interconectados en una red social.One of the main questions of economics has always been to understand and formalize the dynamic relation between what is individual and what is social. This dissertation includes two complementary perspectives to explore this major question. In the first approach, which refers to the first chapter, we investigate how to evaluate the degree to which differences in individual characteristics result in differences in social outcomes; so to speak, we chase the `individual' in `social'. We focus on non-income inequalities between social group, such as the inequalities of educational attainment, occupational status, health or subjective-wellbeing. We propose a new methodology, the Domination Index, to evaluate those inequalities. Providing an axiomatic approach, we show that a set of desirable properties for a group inequality measure when the variable of interest is not cardinal but ordinal, characterize the Domination Index. Moreover, depending on our analysis, we explore the close relation between segregation and group inequalities. The remaining two chapters of the thesis can be seen as a chase for the `social’ in `individual’. We consider an individual as a social agent and investigate the role of social interactions in individual decision making. In the second chapter, we focus on the identification problem of social influence and homophily. We suggest a methodology that exploits individual decision outcomes in order to assess the level of homophily and influence related to social interaction. The subject matter of the third chapter, on the other hand, is the structure of social interactions. We suggest to uncover the underlying structure of a social network by analyzing individual behavior patterns. Overall we characterize four different possible interaction structures by which individuals may be connected in a social network.
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Tekin, Sinem. "The Influence of Social Networking Websites on Youth." UOIT, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10155/59.
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Kachlami, Habib M. "Social Entrepreneurship and Influence on Regional Firm Demography." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-30682.
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The central interest of this thesis is the emergence of social ventures. In this regard, it investigates two types of questions: what regional factors influence the emergence of social ventures? and what types of interaction may emerge between the emergence of social ventures and the demography (entry, exit and migration) of commercial ventures in a region? The thesis also aims to adopt a macro-oriented approach to studying the research questions. To answer those questions, this thesis applies both theoretical and empirical analysis. For the theoretical analysis, instead of a single theory it applies three middle-range theories: theory of organisational ecology, market failure theory, and the demand and supply theory of entrepreneurship. The empirical analysis is based on two large-scale databases from Sweden and the U.S. The Swedish database includes nonprofit social ventures and commercial ventures for the 1990-2014 period from all of the 290 municipalities across Sweden, while the database from U.S. includes 88 counties in the State of Ohio between 2003-2007. The answers to the research questions are presented in the form of six papers. Paper 1 provides an overall picture of the different possible functions of social ventures within communities and their contributions to regional development. With this overall view, Papers 2 and 3 answer the first research question, that is the factors influencing the emergence of social ventures. Thus, while Paper 2 provides a review of previous research, Paper 3 empirically examines some of the regional factors that may influence the emergence of social ventures in a region. The results of Paper 3 revealed that factors such as gender, education, entrepreneurial role models, wealth, unemployment rate, age, and urbanisation positively influence the emergence rate of the of social venture in a region. Papers 4, 5 and 6 are dedicated to answering the second type of research question, in other words the interaction between the emergence of social ventures and the demography (entry, exit and migration) of commercial ventures. As such, Paper 4 studies how the emergence of social ventures is influenced by the entry and exit of commercial ventures, Paper 5 investigates how the emergence of social ventures influences the entry of commercial ixventures, and Paper 6 examines how the emergence of social ventures influences the migration of commercial ventures. In summary, the results of these three papers reveal that while the emergence of social ventures negatively influences the commercial ventures inside a region, it has a positive influence on the commercial ventures outside the region. Paper 6 further investigates the influence of the emergence of commercial ventures on the migration of commercial ventures. The results show that while the emergence of social ventures attracts commercial ventures from outside into a region, the emergence of commercial ventures repels them from moving into the region.Vid tidpunkten för disputationen var följande delarbeten opublicerade: delarbete 3 accepterat, delarbete 5 accepterat, delarbete 6 manuskript.
At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished: paper 3 accepted, paper 5 accepted, paper 6 manuscript.
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Petherick, Caroline Margaret. "The influence of perfectionism on social physique anxiety." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4094.
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Activity promotion advocates regular exercise as a way of reducing mortality, thus providing a cost-effective strategy for public health improvement. However, many individuals embarking on a regime have unpleasant experiences and are more likely to withdraw. One construct identified in the literature that may contribute to this negative affect is social physique anxiety (SPA; Hart et al., 1989). Although the correlates and consequencesa ssociatedw ith SPA have provided invaluable insight, there still lacks conceptual focus. Therefore, adopting the tenets of Lazarus (1999), one individual difference factor important in the cognitive appraisal process that may contribute to SPA is perfectionism (Hewitt & Flett, 1991). This motivational construct has been found to influence the appraisal process and predispose individuals to experience anxiety. Therefore, the purpose of Study 1 was to firstly, investigate the influence of individual differences in perfectionism on SPA and to secondly, explore the mediating influence of coping strategies on SPA, threat, and levels of enjoyment among beginner exercise class participants. In the first part of Study 1, four hundred and four (376 females, 28 males) participants completed measures of social physique anxiety, perfectionism, ability, importance, capacity beliefs, self-efficacy, threat, and enjoyment. In the second part of Study 1, only those participants who deemed that being good at exercise was important to them (N = 317) were used in the analyses. Path analyses results using structural equation modelling procedures provided adequate support for the first part of Study 1 (x I /df = 2.41, BBNNFI = 0.96, Robust CFI = 0.99), and little support for the second part of Study 1 (x2/df = 7.87, BBNNFI = 0.66, Robust CFI = 0.77). Although the research has acknowledged the importance of secondary 11 appraisal characteristics as contributing to threat, the importance of differing motivational orientations as contributing to variations in cognitions and affective responses (Deci & Ryan, 1985) may be equally important. Therefore, in addition to Study 1, the purpose of Study 2 was to investigate the influence of perfectionism on levels of self-determination (Deci & Ryan, 1985), SPA, threat, and enjoyment through the mediational role of perceived competence and autonomy. In addition to the measures used in Study 1, two hundred and eighteen participants (192 females, 26 males) further completed a measure of locus of causality for exercise and a measure of regulation in exercise behaviour. Path analyses results provided little support for Study 2 (x 2/df= 11.85, BBNNFI = 0.23, Robust CFI = 0.27). Overall, the results from the second part of Study 1 and Study 2 provide little support for the hypothesised relationships due to the overall poor fit of the models found. However, the results of the first part of Study 1 provided adequate fit indices suggesting that socially prescribed perfectionism more than self oriented perfectionism influences SPA. In turn SPA significantly and negatively influenced self-efficacy as would be expected. Furthermore, both self-efficacy and capacity beliefs significantly and positively influenced exercise enjoyment. The importance of investigating perfectionism and other individual difference factors as antecedents of SPA are discussed, and future research recommendations proposed. 111
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Ip, Cory May. "Measuring and generating social influence using mobile telephony." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65774.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-68).
In recent years, mobile telephony and manufactured social influence have received attention as tools for eliciting behavior change. This paper describes an experimental approach to studying the effect of these tools in combination. We demonstrate that mobile telephony can be used to generate social influence and elicit behavior change in support of a specified goal. A longitudinal experiment is conducted in a free-living environment, using mobile telephony to track and attempt to influence the activity level of a pool of 97 subjects over 62 days. Subjects receiving feedback about others' performance show a significantly greater increase in activity level than subjects receiving feedback about their own performance only, demonstrating that social influence enhances the persuasive capability of mobile telephony. A significant effect is observed of a subject's pre-existing closeness to the others whose performance he sees. Evidence is also seen that generated social ties lead to a more significant and sustained increase in activity level than existing social ties.
by Cory M. Ip.
S.M.in Technology and Policy