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1
Almeida, Alivinio de. "Hidrovia Tocantins-Araguaia: importância e impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais segundo a percepção dos agentes econômicos locais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-24112004-090158/.
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O presente estudo avalia a percepção de potenciais usuários da Hidrovia Tocantins-Araguaia sobre seus possíveis impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais em 7 municípios, no Estado do Tocantins. Foram entrevistados 24 indivíduos representantes do poder público, da iniciativa privada, de entidades de classe e de organizações não-governamentais ambientalistas. Como evidência de campo, verificou-se que, no rio Araguaia, a limitada infra-estrutura operacional, instalada em 1998, está completamente deteriorada e que as embarcações estão sem uso desde 2000. No rio Tocantins, verificou-se a inexistência de eclusas que permitam vencer os desníveis naturais mais agressivos, aumentando a navegabilidade e possibilitando o tráfego dos comboios. Diante disso, pode-se afirmar que a Hidrovia ainda está longe de se consolidar como um modal de transporte alternativo para o Estado. Quanto à opinião dos entrevistados, de modo geral,consideram interessante, oportuna e estratégica a presença da Hidrovia Tocantins-Araguaia em seus municípios, principalmente para o transporte de insumos e produtos. A despeito da pouca nformação de que dispunham sobre sua dimensão, potencial e impactos, manifestaram expectativas positivas quanto aos aspectos econômicos e sociais e negativas quanto aos ambientais. Vários assinalaram que o lento processo de implantação compromete sua inserção nos projetos institucionais ou empresariais e causa descrença sobre sua consolidação. A análise estatística dos dados de campo, realizada através de uma regressão do tipo stepwise, revela que os agentes econômicos relacionam a importância da Hidrovia Tocantins-Araguaia para seus municípios aos impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais que ela possa causar. Os resultados individuais mostraram-se significativos, segundo o nível de probabilidade p, para as variáveis selecionadas pelo modelo, sob α = 0,20(erro tipo I) estabelecido à priori. Foram significativos e positivos os coeficientes das variáveis geração de emprego e renda, oferta de serviços estruturais municipais e valor das propriedades ribeirinhas e, negativos, os coeficientes das variáveis conhecimento e informação sobre a hidrovia, atividades de indústria e comércio, atividades de turismo e oferta de serviços sociais municipais. A variável atividades de agricultura não foi significativa. O grupo focal, realizado com a finalidade de ampliar a discussão qualitativa sobre a Hidrovia Tocantins-Araguaia, foi consensual em relação aos benefícios econômicos e sociais proporcionados ao Estado do Tocantins e aos circunvizinhos. Porém, alertou sobre os possíveis impactos negativos no meio ambiente, especialmente no Rio Araguaia. Em linhas gerais, o estudo permitiu concluir pela necessidade e benefícios de serem consideradas as impressões qualitativas dos potenciais usuários na avaliação de viabilidade econômica de projetos de infra-estrutura de transporte. Tais impressões serviriam como parâmetros de ponderação dos aspectos quantitativos levantados pelo empreendedor, favorecendo a escolha do empreendimento mais adequado sob o ponto de vista econômico, social e ambiental. Sobre a implantação efetiva da Hidrovia Tocantins-Araguaia, no Estado do Tocantins, alerta-se para os impactos que ela possa causar. Ainda que sob o ponto de vista comum sejam esperados benefícios econômicos e sociais, sob o ponto de vista ambiental a sensação é de perda de qualidade. O Rio Araguaia, pela sua juventude e fragilidade dos ecossistemas que congrega,exige tratamento especial, baseado num cuidadoso plano de intervenções, que respeite suas características naturais, bem como as das espécies e populações que o habitam, inclusive a humana. O Rio Tocantins, ainda que menos indefeso pela sua maior idade, precisa de tratamento adequado, uma vez que dele depende não só a Hidrovia Tocantins e o projeto multimodal de transporte mas,também, todo o projeto de geração de energia hidrelétrica do Estado.The present study aims to evaluate the perception of potential users of the Tocantins-Araguaia Waterway concerning the possibility of economic, social and environmental impacts in 7 municipalities, in the State of Tocantins. For this purpose, 24 individuals representing the government, private sector and non-government environmental organizations, have been interviewed. Field evidences shows that in the Araguaia River the limited operational infrastructure, installed in 1998, is completely deteriorated and that the ships have not been used since the year 2000. It has been, in the Tocantins River, noticed the nonexistence of dams, which allow to regulate the more aggressive natural differences in the river levels, increasing the navigability of the convoys. Therefore, it can be stated that the waterway is still far from its consolidation as a transportation alternative for this State. As for the opinion of those who have been interviewed, in general, the presence of the Tocantins- Araguaia Waterway in their municipalities is considered interesting and strategic, mainly for the transportation of inputs and finished goods. Despite the little information available as to its dimension, potential and impacts, positive expectation have been manifested as to economic and social aspects, and negative as to environmental aspects. Several of them stated that the slow process of implantation difficult its introduction in the projects or enterprises and causes the incredibility over its consolidation. The statistical analysis of the field data, made through a stepwise regression reveals that the economic agents relates the importance of the Tocantins-Araguaia Waterway for their municipalities to the economic, social and environmental impacts that it might cause. The individual results are significant, according to the confidence level p , for the variables selected by the model, under α = 0,20 (tipe I error) à priori determined. The coefficients of the variables job creation and income improvement, municipal social service offer and the value of the water side properties were significant and positive and the coefficients of the variables knowledge and information on waterway, commercial and industrial activities, tourism activities, and the municipal social service offer, were negative. The variable agricultural activities was not significant. The focal group about Tocantins-Araguaia Waterway was consensual over the economic and social benefits for the State of Tocantins. However, the group warned about possible negative impacts in the environment, especially in the Araguaia River. In general, the study permitted to conclude for the necessity and benefits to consider the qualitative impressions of the potential users in the evaluation of the economic viability of transportation infrastructure projects. Such impressions would serve as parameters of the qualitative aspects brought forward by the entrepreneur, improving the choice of the most adequate enterprise under the economic, social and environmental aspects. As for the effective implantation of the Tocantins-Araguaia Waterway, in the State of Tocantins, the impacts that it may cause should be brought forward. Although economic and social benefits are expected, the perception is of loss of the environmental quality. The Araguaia River, because of its youth and ecosystems fragility, demands a special treatment, based on a careful plan of interventions, that respects its natural characteristics, as well as the species and populations that inhabit it, including the human. The Tocantins River also needs a proper treatment due to the Tocantins Waterway, the multimodal transportation and the hydroelectric generation projects of the State, which depends on it.
2
Kao, Flavia. "Práticas de governança corporativa em empresas brasileiras e impactos socioambientais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-06072017-103510/.
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Esta pesquisa objetiva entender como as práticas de governança corporativa (GC) adotadas por empresas industriais brasileiras relacionam-se com os impactos socioambientais de suas operações. Para atingir o objetivo principal foram formulados os seguintes objetivos específicos: 1) apresentar as características da amostra em termos de setor de atuação, adoção de práticas de GC e níveis de impactos ambientais e sociais; 2) conhecer as associações existentes entre os impactos ambientais, sociais e práticas de GC adotadas pelas empresas brasileiras; 3) verificar se tais associações são influenciadas pelo setor de atuação. A fundamentação teórica aborda as perspectivas teóricas que embasam a relação entre GC e sustentabilidade, os aspectos gerais envolvendo a sustentabilidade e específicos sobre gestão socioambiental, os aspectos gerais sobre o sistema de governança corporativa e aspectos específicos sobre as boas práticas de GC no Brasil, finalizando com as pesquisas nacionais e internacionais que investigaram esse relacionamento. A amostra pesquisada é composta por 46 empresas brasileiras listadas na BM&FBovespa e com dados disponíveis na base de dados ®ASSET4, da Thompson Reuters(TM), de 2010 a 2014. Os níveis de impacto tanto ambiental como social foram determinados em função da posição da empresa em relação às demais componentes da amostra em termos dos seus resultados nas oito variáveis selecionadas, resultando em três categorias: Alto, Médio e Baixo Impacto Social e Ambiental. Analogamente, o nível de adoção às práticas de GC foi determinado em função da posição da empresa em relação às demais em termos de seus resultados em sete variáveis selecionadas. As técnicas empregadas nesta pesquisa, de natureza quantitativa, compreenderam análises descritivas para a apresentação das características da amostra, Teste Qui-quadrado para a identificação das associações existentes entre as práticas de GC e os impactos socioambientais e Análises de Correspondência Múltipla para identificar a influência do setor de atuação sobre tais associações. Os resultados indicam maiores níveis de associação entre a dimensão social e as práticas de GC, comparativamente à dimensão ambiental, embora em ambos os casos tenham sido verificadas associações tanto positivas como negativas. Ademais, a hipótese de que tais associações são influenciadas pelo setor de atuação foi confirmada em ambas as dimensões, indicando, inclusive, que o baixo nível de adoção às práticas de GC ocorre entre em setores de alto impacto tanto ambiental como social. Desta forma, este estudo busca contribuir apresentando evidências de associação entre práticas de GC e impactos socioambientais no contexto brasileiro, possibilitando avançar na busca por conhecimento sobre como o sistema de GC pode contribuir para o alcance de negócios mais sustentáveis e alinhados aos objetivos da sustentabilidade.This research aims to understand how the corporate governance (CG) practices adopted by Brazilian industrial companies are related to the socio-environmental impacts of their operations. In order to achieve the main objective, the following specific objectives were formulated: 1) to present the characteristics of the sample in terms of activity sector, adoption of CG practices and levels of environmental and social impacts; 2) to know the existing relationships among the environmental, social and CG practices adopted by Brazilian companies; 3) to verify if such combinations are influenced by the sector of performance. Theoretical fundamentals address the theoretical perspectives that support the relationship between CG and sustainability, the general aspects of sustainability and specific aspects of social and environmental management, the general aspects of the corporate governance system and specific aspects of CG practices in Brazil, ending up with national and international surveys that investigated this relationship. The sample surveyed is composed by 46 Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBovespa, as well as with data available in Thompson Reuters(TM) database ®ASSET4 between 2010 and 2014. The levels of environmental and social impact were determined based on the company\'s position in relation to the other components of the sample in terms of their results within the eight selected variables, resulting in three categories: High, Medium and Low Social and Environmental Impact. Similarly, the level of adoption of CG practices was determined according to the company\'s position in relation to the others in terms of results in seven selected variables. The techniques used at this quantitative nature research have included descriptive analyzes for the presentation of the characteristics of the sample, Qui-square Test for the identification of the relationships among CG practices, social and environmental impacts and Multiple Correspondence Analysis to identify the influence of the activity sector on such associations. The results indicate higher levels of association between the social dimension and CG practices, compared to the environmental dimension, althought in both the cases positives and negatives associations were identified. In addition, the hypothesis that the associations are influenced by the sector of activity was confirmed in both dimensions, indicating that low levels of adoption of CG occurs between sectors with high environmental and social impact. Thus, this study seeks to contribute by presenting evidence of association between practices and socio-environmental impacts at the Brazilian context, allowing to advance in the search of knowledge on how the CG system can contributed to the achievement of a more sustainable development business and aligned with the objectives of sustainability.
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Rodrigues, Francisco Gleison de Souza. "O agronegÃcio da carcinicultura marinha e os conflitos sociais e ambientais de uso e ocupaÃÃo do estuÃrio do Rio Jaguaribe no municÃpio de Aracati-CE." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1089.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃThe riverside and marine plains of Cearà state have been occupied in the last 10 years by the marine shrimp culture that has generated social and environmental impacts over these areas. Recently, new areas of these plains in Cearà have been target of the expansion of shrimp farms, especially in Aracati municipality. It is seen that marine shrimp culture is an activity surrounded by matters that sometimes justify the activity moratorium defended by ambientalists, sometimes justify its implementation by the producers, as marine shrimp culture, as other economical activities, generates both negative and positive impacts over the places where it is inserted. By this meaning it becomes necessary to identify the social impacts, as the environmental impacts promoted over the areas of influence of the agro business of marine shrimp culture, from the studied areas, on Aracati municipality on Cearà state, proposing actions that can minimize the negative impacts and reinforce the positive impacts. To do so, researches were realized on the bibliographical sources of the public organs libraries in Fortaleza; visits to various organs that maintain direct relationships with the activity in Aracati municipality, as works on the study field. The marine shrimp culture is an activity of great importance to Aracati municipality because of its direct and indirect generation of work positions. Although, it can be seen that the activity in Aracati is spacely unorganized, generating conflicts against the estuarial environment and other economical activities, as carnauba straw handcraft and fishing on the marsh. The economic-ecological zoning for the activity in matter in Aracati municipality is the correct direction to minimize the negative environmental and social impacts and reinforce the positive impacts promoted by the implementation of marine shrimp culture.
As planÃcies flÃvio-marinhas do Estado do Cearà vÃm sendo ocupadas nos Ãltimos 10 anos pela carcinicultura marinha que tÃm gerado impactos sociais e ambientais. Recentemente novos espaÃos dessas planÃcies no Cearà foram alvo da expansÃo das fazendas de camarÃo, principalmente no MunicÃpio de Aracati. Observa-se que a carcinicultura marinha à uma atividade cercada por questÃes que ora justificam a moratÃria da atividade defendida por ambientalistas, ora justificam a implementaÃÃo da mesma pelos produtores, pois a carcinicultura, assim como outras atividades econÃmicas, gera impactos negativos e positivos nos locais em que se insere. Neste sentido faz-se necessÃrio identificar os impactos sociais assim como os impactos ambientais promovidos nos espaÃos de influÃncia do agronegÃcio da carcinicultura marinha, a partir das Ãreas estudadas, no MunicÃpio de Aracati no Estado do CearÃ, propondo aÃÃes que possam minimizar os impactos negativos e reforÃar os impactos positivos. Para tanto foram realizadas pesquisas nos acervos bibliogrÃficos das bibliotecas de ÃrgÃos pÃblicos em Fortaleza; visitas a vÃrios ÃrgÃos que mantÃm relaÃÃes diretas com a atividade no MunicÃpio de Aracati, assim como trabalhos de campo na Ãrea de estudo. A carcinicultura à uma atividade de suma importÃncia para a economia do MunicÃpio de Aracati em funÃÃo da geraÃÃo direta e indireta de postos de trabalho. Observa-se, porÃm que a atividade em Aracati à desorganizada espacialmente, gerando conflitos com o ambiente estuarino e com outras atividades econÃmicas como o artesanato da palha de carnaÃba e a pesca no manguezal. O Zoneamento EconÃmico-ecolÃgico para a atividade em questÃo no MunicÃpio de Aracati à a direÃÃo correta para que sejam minimizados os impactos ambientais e sociais negativos e reforÃados os impactos positivos promovidos com a implementaÃÃo da carcinicultura.
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Rosly, Dahlia. "Social impacts in the environmental impact assessment of light rail transit." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337197.
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Carniel, Beatriz de Faria. "Avaliação de impactos ambientais e sociais do uso da nanotecnologia na agricultura: uma proposta metodológica." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7025.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-17Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Nanotechnology has been reported as a technology that will have further development in this century and agricultural nanotechnologies gain space with the discovery of its potential applications in the transport of substances, nanosensors, nanocapsules, among others. Many of these nanoproducts are already found in the market or in development, therefore, exposure to nanoparticles concerns the scientific community and policy makers. In this context, this project aims to develop a methodology for assessing the environmental and social impacts of nanotechnology use in agriculture. Given the complexity and scope of nanotechnology, impact indicators were formulated by reviewing specialized scientific literature. The indicators were conceptually validated in a remote consultation with experts of areas related to agricultural nanotechnology through a questionnaire formulated according to the Delphi technique. The Impactos AGNano method has the indicators as an essential basis for its development and has two stages of evaluation: Safety Assessment (preliminary assessment to obtain the Security Index) and Impact Assessment (for obtaining Impact Index). The method was validated in a presential consultation with experts of areas related to nanotechnology in agriculture.
A nanotecnologia tem sido reportada como a tecnologia que terá maior desenvolvimento neste século e as nanotecnologias agrícolas ganham espaço com a descoberta de suas potenciais aplicações no transporte de substâncias, nanossensores, nanocápsulas, entre outros. Muitos destes nanoprodutos já são encontrados no mercado ou em desenvolvimento, dessa forma, a exposição às nanopartículas utilizadas nessas tecnologias preocupa a comunidade científica e os legisladores. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a criação de uma metodologia para a avaliação dos impactos ambientais e sociais do uso de nanotecnologias na agricultura. Dada a complexidade e abrangência da área nanotecnológica, indicadores de impacto foram formulados através de revisão de literatura especializada. Os indicadores foram validados conceitualmente em uma consulta remota a especialistas de áreas relacionadas à nanotecnologia agrícola por meio de questionário formulado de acordo com a técnica Delphi. O método Impactos AGNano foi desenvolvido utilizando os indicadores como base e possui duas etapas de avaliação: Avaliação de Segurança (avaliação preliminar para obtenção do Índice de Segurança) e Avaliação de Impacto (para obtenção do Índice de Impacto). O método foi validado em consulta presencial a especialistas de áreas relacionadas a nanotecnologia agrícola.
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Rodrigues, Renan Albuquerque. "Vidas despedaçadas impactos socioambientais da construção da usina hidrelétrica de Balbina (AM), Amazônia Central." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2013. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4214.
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Sustainable development is a global necessity. Regarding the Amazon, there is much to discuss and improve the scope of projects for large hydroelectric plants, built for a generating energy, but because involve forced displacement of populations due to the dams of the rivers, often have large social conflicts created as occurred historically, from projects and military government agencies, in the 1960, 1970 and 1980 in Brazil. One of Amazonian dams that showed great potential for the generation of these conflicts was Balbina. Located in Presidente Figueiredo, in the Central Amazon, the Balbina dam had completed its construction in 1987, flooding an area of 2.400 km2 of forest, reaching about 3.000 families living downstream of the dam. The objective of this study is to analyze social impacts after nearly 25 years of operation of the dam began in 1989. The impacts were analyzed based on: i) participant observation, in which the social context is described, and ii) study and inferential analysis of lifestyles, through analytic ethnography. At around Balbina were interpreted results indicating disaffiliation territorial biases and emotional, fragmentation of belonging, weakening of social relations and demotion of practical actions for the formation of organized groups in the region. How coping and mitigating actions, we chose to highlight: i) suspension and cancellation, immediately, via action by Public Ministry and Procon, of all debts pertaining to electricity bills that have been imputed to those affected by dams, ii ) reorganization of the economy within the living environments to address food insecurity and lack of income, iii) implementation of a model of trade with use aggregate of social currency to those affected by the dam and iv) the orientation of production according to the population diversity upstream and downstream of the dam.
O desenvolvimento sustentável é uma necessidade global. No que tange à Amazônia, há muito o que se debater e melhorar no âmbito dos projetos para grandes centrais hidrelétricas, construídas para a geração energética, mas que, dado implicarem deslocamentos forçados de populações por causa das barragens dos rios, amiúde tem criado amplos conflitos sociais em épocas atuais, tal como ocorreu historicamente, a partir de projetos de organismos e governos militares, nas décadas de 1960, 1970 e 1980 no Brasil. Uma das represas amazônicas que apresentou grande potencial para a geração desses conflitos foi Balbina. Localizada em Presidente Figueiredo, na Amazônia Central, a represa de Balbina teve finalizada sua construção em 1987, alagando uma área de 2.400 km2 de floresta, atingindo cerca de 3 mil famílias que viviam a jusante e montante da usina. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar impactos sociais após duas décadas e meia de operação da hidrelétrica, iniciada em 1989. Os impactos foram analisados a partir de: i) observação participante, em que o contexto social é descrito; e ii) estudo e análise inferencial dos modos de vida, por meio da etnografia analítica. No entorno de Balbina, foram interpretados resultados de vieses de desfiliação territorial e afetiva, fragmentação de pertencimento, enfraquecimento de relações sociais e rebaixamento de ações práticas para a formação de grupos organizados na região. Como ações de enfrentamento e mitigadoras, optou-se por destacar: i) suspensão e cancelamento imediado, via ação judicial, dos passivos financeiros que tenham sido imputadas aos atingidos pela UHE Balbina, ii) reorganização da economia dentro dos ambientes de vivência para enfrentar a insegurança alimentar e a falta de renda, iii) implantação de um modelo de comércio agregador com uso de moeda social para os atingidos pela barragem e iv) a orientação da produção segundo a diversidade populacional a montante e jusante da represa.
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Pinto, Fernando Miguel Simões. "Turismo como aposta para as exportações nacionais." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14707.
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Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisO turismo é um fenómeno que tem registado um crescimento exponencial nos últimos anos e, cada vez mais, tem ganho relevância para o desenvolvimento económico, através do seu contributo para as exportações, geração de riqueza e criação de postos de trabalho. É um dos temas mais debatidos internacionalmente, com o intuito de se perceber como os países podem beneficiar com o crescimento desta atividade, nomeadamente na vertente social e ambiental. O presente trabalho consiste num estudo de natureza qualitativa com o objetivo de compreender e descrever o fenómeno do turismo, com base numa análise ao comportamento das exportações portuguesas nos últimos anos, bem como do contributo do turismo para as mesmas e a sua importância para Portugal, com a finalidade de averiguar se este deve ser aposta futura para o crescimento das exportações nacionais. Os resultados indicam que estas últimas apresentam um crescimento no período de 2012 a 2016 e com expetativas para continuarem nesse sentido. Em 2016 o turismo teve um peso de 16,7% no total destas e de 48,2% nas exportações de serviços. Mostram ainda que o governo português criou um plano para o futuro do turismo, estabelecendo metas e medidas para acompanhar e monitorizar o crescimento deste. Indicam também que o turismo deve ser aposta para o crescimento das exportações, devido ao seu contributo para estas e ainda o conjunto de benefícios que gera aos níveis social e ambiental.
Tourism is a phenomenon that has seen an exponential growth in recent years and, increasingly, has gained relevance for economic development, through its contribution to exports, wealth generation and job creation. It is one of the most internationally debated themes, in order to understand how countries can benefit from the growth of this activity, particularly in the social and environmental aspects. The present work consists of a qualitative study with the objective of understanding and describing the phenomenon of tourism, based on an analysis of the behavior of Portugal exports in recent years, as well as the contribution of tourism to them and its importance to Portugal, with the purpose of ascertaining if this should be a future investment for the growth of national exports. The results indicate that the those presented a growth in the period from 2012 to 2016 and with expectations to continue in this direction. In 2016 tourism represented 16.7% in the total of these and 48.2% in services exports. They also show that the portuguese government has created a plan for the future of tourism, establishing goals and measures to monitor tourism growth. They also point out that tourism should be an investment for the future, due to its contribution to export performance and the benefits that it generates at social and environmental levels.
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Raiser, Katrin. "Economic and Social Impacts of International Remittances." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2013. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/bce/raiser_k/.
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Mexican migration to the United States is not a new phenomenon, but through increased globalization, labor migration became more flexible and more common. With the rise in migration flows, remittances also experienced a considerable growth. For a long time, these large flows of money have been mostly disregarded. Today they are one of the largest financial flows to developing countries. Therefore, in the last years, more and more research on this topic popped up. Remittance flows are considered to be relatively stable. In the case of Mexico, they seem to behave in a countercyclical way and are ra-ther compensatory than opportunistic in nature. Their mostly altruistic motivation and the end use of remittances influences the economic and social impacts they have on the overall country.
There are several channels through which remittances may directly or indirectly impact economic development. In literature, there are primarily two extreme positions present. The positive approach is that remittances enhance investment in physical and human capital, thus promote economic growth. Remittances are considered to have a positive impact on Mexico´s overall financial development and capital accumulation. Further-more, the balancing effect on the balance of payments is positive, since trade deficits can be counterbalanced through the entry of foreign currency. In contrast, advocators of the negative approach say that remittances seem not to have an overall positive impact on economic growth, because their negative impacts outstrip the positive ones. A real exchange rate appreciation caused by remittances that lead to a less competitive tradable sector (Dutch disease effect) is one of the main negative effects associated with remit-tance flows. Furthermore, remittances are considered to cause moral hazard problems, which lead recipients to neglect labor market efforts and spend more time on leisure. Moreover, remittances are predominantly used for consumption rather than for produc-tive investment, thus not promoting long-run economic growth.
Concerning the social impacts, scientists agree on the positive effect remittances have on poverty reduction. In contrast, remittances seem to have an equalizing effect on in-come distribution in regions with long migration history. But, non-migration seems to equalize income distribution even more.
The difficulty is to benefit the most from remittances´ positive impacts and to reduce their negative consequences in order to ensure their developmental effect.
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Jara, Valencia Benjamin Andres. "Social and Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468519136.
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Schatz, Bruce R., and Hsinchun Chen. "Digital Libraries: Technological Advances and Social Impacts." IEEE, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105651.
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Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of MIS, University of ArizonaPublic awareness of the Net as a critical infrastructure in the 1990s has spurred a new revolution in the technologies for information retrieval in digital libraries.
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Ekener-Petersen, Elisabeth. "Tracking down Social Impacts of Products with Social Life Cycle Assessment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-137974.
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An important aspect of sustainable development is the social impacts from the consumption of goods and services. A recently developed method for social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) assesses the potential positive and negative social impacts along a product’s life cycle, while avoiding shifting negative impacts from one part of the supply chain to another. This thesis evaluated the applicability of S-LCA in three case studies, as well as a way of introducing an ethical perspective on the distribution of social impacts among stakeholders. The case study of laptop computers identified workers and the local community as the stakeholders at greatest risk of negative social impacts, with China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Thailand and Brazil being most prone to these impacts. A case study of vehicle fuels identified some fossil and some renewable fuels with high or very high risks of negative impacts, suggesting a need for strict procurement requirements on social performance for all types of vehicle fuels. A study of e-waste recycling in Pakistan revealed negative social impacts on workers and the community, while decreasing poverty by providing employment. By performing a social hotspot assessment using S-LCA methodology, much can be learned about the potential social impacts associated with a product’s life cycle, and potentially important aspects that would otherwise have been neglected can be identified. Some methodological issues of S-LCA requiring further attention are: Indicator relevance. Impact pathways between indicators and performance assessment on social issues must be examined and improved. Aggregation and weighting of impacts and indicators. With major uncertainties still present, results must be transparent, but also aggregated for the purposes of interpretation and communication. Assessment of the use phase. To be more complete, S-LCA methodology needs to be complemented with an assessment of the use phase. Introduction of context. Identifying the context of relevant stakeholders in different parts of the life cycle would allow identification of the greatest leverage in improvement of social conditions.En viktig del av hållbar utveckling är att hantera social påverkan från konsumtionen av varor och tjänster. Social livscykelanalys (S - LCA) är en metod som syftar till att bedöma positiv och negativ social påverkan av produkter under hela deras livscykel och samtidigt undvika att bara flytta negativ påverkan från en del av livscykeln till en annan. Denna avhandling utvärderar S - LCA i tre fallstudier, samt undersöker hur fördelningen av den sociala påverkan på olika intressentgrupper kan bedömas ur ett etiskt perspektiv. I en fallstudie som utfördes på en laptop identifierades arbetstagare och lokalsamhället som de intressenter, som löper störst risk för negativ social påverkan. Länder som Kina, Ryssland, Saudiarabien, Thailand och Brasilien var de som var mest kopplade till denna påverkan. En fallstudie kring fordonsbränslen visade att av de bränslen som bedömts uppvisade både en del fossila och en del förnybara bränslen höga eller mycket höga risker för negativ social påverkan, vilket tyder på att strikta upphandlingskrav gällande social prestanda behövs för alla typer av drivmedel. En studie av återvinning av elektroniskt avfall i Pakistan uppvisade påtaglig negativ social påverkan på arbetstagarna och lokalsamhället, samtidigt som återvinningen gav sysselsättning som minskar fattigdomen. Genom att använda S-LCA vid bedömningen av en produkt finns det mycket att lära om potentiell social påverkan från produktens livscykel. Viktiga aspekter, som annars riskerar att missas, kan nu identifieras med S-LCA. Metoden är dock inte färdigutvecklad, och metodfrågor som behöver ytterligare uppmärksamhet är: Relevanta indikatorer. Kopplingen mellan indikatorerna och den påverkan man försöker mäta måste undersökas närmare och förbättras. Sätt att aggregera och väga ihop påverkan. Med tanke på de osäkerheter som ännu så länge finns kring metoden måste resultaten hållas transparenta, samtidigt som sammanfattande resultat behövs för tolkning och kommunikation. Påverkan i användningsfasen. För att bli mer komplett, måste metoden kompletteras med en bedömning av social påverkan i användningsfasen. Sätta resultaten i sitt sammanhang. Utgångsläget för dem, som berörs av en produkts sociala påverkan avgör vilken hävstångseffekt en förbättring av de sociala förhållandena kan ha, och kan därmed påverka vilka åtgärder som bör prioriteras.
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Button, David B. "Canadian Forces families : social impacts of accommodation policy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27849.
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Since World War II the Canadian military community has evolved to meet the needs of a permanent military force and has changed from the preserve of the single male to include women and families. Thus the Department of National Defence (DND) has become concerned with the welfare of military families as an integral part of military preparedness.
A variety of accommodation policies were formulated and programs established to satisfy the needs of these families who worked and lived in such a unique environment. These policies and programs have emphasised housing and related infrastructure, and included both physical and social services. They have, in part, enabled DND to relieve many family related problems despite the disruptive lifestyle.
However, as a result of evolutionary changes in the Canadian Forces, the lifestyle of Canadians and the general economic situation, concern has arisen that current DND policies relating to housing and service provision may no longer be appropriate or effective.
This thesis looks at the lifestyle and unique difficulties of military families in order to evaluate the social impacts on the families resulting from accommodation policy. Although the general question of whether DND should even be in the business of creating and maintaining its own communities is complex and requires the consideration of many factors, this thesis limits itself to the social impacts of accommodation policies. Since it is generally perceived that social concerns have received limited consideration in the past, this thesis develops a framework to consider and include such concerns. This is done through: secondary research of analogous civilian communities and other military communities; primary data from recent DND family studies; informal interviews with families and decision-makers in the military community; and, the personal experience of the author as a member of the military community.
There are four main findings. First, a framework based on Lichfield's Planning Balance Sheet methodology is a suitable and appropriate tool for assisting decision-makers in making informed choices. Second, the creation of a Non-Public Housing Society responding to DND but operated at arms-length, is seen as a viable housing policy alternative which deserves further study. Third, the social impacts on military families resulting from the municipalization of physical services are not significant. And fourth,.; social services when provided internally appear more successful.
The unique lifestyle of military families is linked to operational effectiveness and military preparedness through the work/family environment. The importance of social planning on this interface is emphasized to encourage decision-makers to explicitly incorporate social planning into the decision-making process. The Planning Balance Sheet methodology is suggested as an appropriate one for this purpose.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Rajé, Fiona. "The impacts of transport on different social groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432204.
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Fernández, Luis Felipe Gorjón. "Structural adjustment in Mexico : social and economic impacts." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.685429.
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This dissertation analyses the period of Structural Adjustment in Mexico from 1986 to 1999. This includes the liberalisation of the incentive system and the restoration of investment. The research work presented here looks at the effect of an aspect of structural adjustment policy - trade reform -on labour market outcomes at the household level, in Mexico, by considering a large number of observations (household members), from a number of cities, over a period of thirteen years. It examines whether Mexico should have used alternative policies in order to improve the economic and social conditions of the poor. The main questions explored by this dissertation are: What has been the impact of adjustment on Mexican macroeconomic indicators directly related to poverty? Were migration and remittances affected by the adjustment process? The specific research questions are: 1. How did the effects of economic reform on wage and employment vary with age and gender in the short and medium term? Did this relationship change over time? 2. Did structural adjustment and trade liberalisation harm or help the poor? 3. Did the reforms help the poor indirectly through their positive effect on economic growth? 4. What were the effects of macroeconomic policy on aggregate measures of welfare - average wage, proportion of individuals unemployed? 5. What happened to migration and remittances during the analysed period? There are three separate analyses. The first two use repeated cross-sectional models to determine the effects of policy, economic conditions and household characteristics on wages, the probability of being unemployed and employed in the informal sector, as well as the probability of being poor. It is important to mention that this study refers mainly to the urban population. It is the use of household characteristics as control variables in the determination of welfare that distinguishes the models here from the macroeconomic models commonly used. For comparison, a third analysis uses a traditional time series model to measure the effects of policy and economic conditions on aggregate measures of welfare.
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Bailey, Brent. "Social and economic impacts of wild harvested products." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=968.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 103 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-83).
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Small, Katie E. "Understanding the social impacts of festivals on communities." Thesis, View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/37653.
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This thesis seeks to understand the social impacts that festivals have on their host communities. It focuses on community festivals as one type of event which have a particularly strong connection to their host community. Community festivals are traditionally organised by and for the local community, and often celebrate a theme that has developed from within the community itself. Community festivals provide members of a community with opportunities to engage in socialisation, entertainment and the establishment of social networks, which can contribute to the enhancement of community cohesion and the building of social capital within a community. Additionally, they can provide tourism benefits such as increased visitation and promotion of a destination’s image. However, there is the potential for negative social impacts to result from the hosting of a festival, including traffic congestion, overcrowding, vandalism and increased antisocial behaviour. This thesis seeks to understand the perceived social impacts of community festivals from the perspective of the resident population. Six important questions are addressed in this thesis: 1) what are the underlying dimensions of the social impacts of community festivals?; 2) what are a host community’s expectations and perceptions of the social impacts of a festival?; 3) are there distinct subgroups within a community who differ in their feelings towards a festival?; 4) do these subgroups hold differing perceptions of the social impacts of community festivals?; 5) can the Social Impact Perception (SIP) scale be used to measure residents’ perceptions of the social impacts of community festivals?; and 6) what are the implications of this research for the planning and management of future community festivals? In order to explore these issues, this study draws on literature from the areas of tourism and sociology. It is from the tourism literature, more specifically on events, that community festivals are introduced as the focus of this thesis. The sociological literature on communities reinforces the importance of the ‘community’ in community festivals, and examines the role that festivals can play in contributing to community development, community wellbeing and the enhancement of social capital. Two community festivals were studied, one in Western Australia and the other in Victoria, Australia. Data were collected from residents in each of these two communities at one point in time following the staging of their festival. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used, including semi-structured interviews, focus groups, observational techniques, document analysis and a residents’ perceptions questionnaire. The results revealed that there are distinct subgroups within a community who choose to be involved with their festival in a range of ways and who perceive the social impacts resulting from the festival quite differently. These subgroups have been labelled the tolerators, economically connected, attendees, avoiders and volunteers. Whilst holding varied perceptions of the positive and negative nature of the impacts and levels at which they occur, residents perceive the social impacts of community festivals to occur within six impact dimensions: inconvenience, community identity and cohesion, personal frustration, entertainment and socialisation opportunities, community growth and development, and behavioural consequences. Those residents who participate in the festival, either as volunteers or attendees, tend to be those who are most positive about the festival and its impacts. This participation in the community provides opportunities for social transactions, relationship building and the development of social networks, which in turn have positive outcomes for community wellbeing and the development of social capital. This research has a number of implications for the management of future community festivals, in respect to providing a better understanding of residents’ perceptions of the social impacts a festival creates; towards better satisfying the diverse needs of distinct community subgroups; and related to how festivals can be used to contribute to community wellbeing and the enhancement of social capital.
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Small, Katie E. "Understanding the social impacts of festivals on communities." View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/37653.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2007.A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Business, School of Marketing, in partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references.
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Douma, Bambi M. "The bases and impacts of negative social relationships." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289870.
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While there is a large amount of research on positive social relationships and their potential benefits and opportunities (social capital), negative social relationships and their potential social liabilities have been virtually ignored in the sociological and organizational literatures. Several researchers have identified this gap and made the call for research to examine both sides of social relationships to balance the "social ledger" (e.g., Brass & Labianca, 1999). This dissertation was designed as a first step into the investigation of negative social ties. Two studies were conducted to examine characteristics that might affect the valence of social relationships as well as the influence of these types of social ties on various outcomes. Homophily, or interactions with similar individuals, has been shown to positively influence social relationships in a variety of areas (McPherson, Smith-Lovin, & Cook, 2001) and heterophily, or interactions with dissimilar others, has been proposed to influence negative social relationships (Brass & Labianca. 1999; Labianca & Brass, 1997). Furthermore, Brass and Labianca theorized that there would be an asymmetric effect between these two types of social ties and that negative ties would have more of an impact on outcomes than positive ties. I test hypotheses about heterophily and negative asymmetry, yet go beyond Brass and Labianca to also test for differences between forms of negative ties. Data from three samples of undergraduate students in a male-dominated field of study were examined. Dissimilarities in age and differences in leadership preferences between dyad members were significantly related to negative ties. Older participants were more likely to have negative ties than younger participants, as older participants rated others negatively more often and were rated negatively more often. Participants who preferred to be leaders in their small groups did not want to work again with others who did not care who led the small group or others who definitely preferred someone else lead. There was little evidence to support Brass and Labianca's negative asymmetry theory. An expansion of this theory that includes distinguishing between self-directed and other-directed outcomes, as well as when to apply the different forms of negative ties is presented.
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Temporin, Giorgia <1994>. "Beijing Winter Olympic Games: social and environmental impacts." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14831.
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L' obiettivo della tesi è analizzare gli impatti sociali e ambientali relativi alle future Olimpiadi invernali del 2022 che si terranno a Pechino. La ricerca analizza le procedure olimpiche e si occupa in particolare dei luoghi che ospiteranno le Olimpiadi del 2022. Il caso di studio si occupa delle implicazioni dell'inclusione di Yangqing, riserva naturale, nel piano olimpico.
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Sá, Rafael Amorim Martins de. "REGULARIZAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA DE INTERESSE SOCIAL: QUESTÕES AMBIENTAIS, SOCIAIS E JURÍDICAS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2017. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3743.
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One of the severe urban social problems in Brazil is the proliferation of irregular and clandestine allotments. Families who live in these areas face a hard social reality, since they do not possess the regular title of these properties, which contributes to an incessant instability or even legal insecurity. Inserted in this context is the question of public health, due to precarious conditions of hygiene and lack of basic sanitation. With the aim of minimizing or at least solving this problem, the Government has been taking some measures in order to equate the environmental issues found in these allotments. The first step was the entry in effect of Federal Law no. 11.977/2009 and later the Provisional Measure 759/2016, converted into Law by the National Congress and only pending on the presidential approval. Such legal instruments contemplate the regularization of land ownership of social concern, which loosens legal procedures, including the environmental ones, in order to regularize these allotments, which indeed exist, but lack juridical formalization In view of what has been exposed, this dissertation aimed to demonstrate, through analyzing juridical norms, researching already consolidated studies and also through the verification of administrative procedures for ordination of existent land allotments in Aparecida de Goiânia-GO, that the implementation of the regularization of land ownership of social concern in Brazil, especially in this city, is still deficient, since it is based on a contradictory and inefficient model, incorporating antagonism among environmental, social and legal issues.
Um dos graves problemas sociais urbanos no Brasil é a proliferação de loteamentos irregulares e clandestinos. As famílias que vivem nessas áreas experimentam uma dura realidade social, uma vez que não possuem o título regular de seus imóveis, o que contribui para uma constante instabilidade ou mesmo insegurança jurídica. Insere-se neste contexto a questão da saúde pública, em virtude das precárias condições de higiene e da falta de saneamento básico. Com o fito de minimizar ou mesmo solucionar esse problema, o poder público vem tomando medidas para equacionar as questões ambientais presentes nesses loteamentos. O primeiro passo foi a entrada em vigor da Lei Federal nº 11.977/2009, e, posteriormente, a Medida Provisória nº 759/2016, convertida em lei pelo Congresso Nacional, faltando apenas a sanção presidencial. Tais dispositivos legais contemplam as regularizações fundiárias de interesse social, o que flexibiliza os procedimentos legais, inclusive ambientais, a fim de regularizar esses parcelamentos, que, de fato, existem, porém carecem de formalização jurídica. Diante do exposto, esta dissertação buscou demonstrar, por meio da análise de normas jurídicas, de pesquisas em estudos já consolidados e, também, mediante a verificação de processos administrativos de ordenação de parcelamentos de solos existentes em Aparecida de Goiânia-GO, que a efetivação da regularização fundiária de interesse social no Brasil, em especial, nesse município, ainda é deficitária, visto que se baseia em um modelo contraditório e ineficiente, encerrando uma antinomia entre questões ambientais, sociais e legais.
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Barbosa, Leomaris Cordeiro. "Social and environmental impacts os Bejass beach and adjacent areas inte the municipality of Abaetetuba / PA." Universidade de Taubaté, 2010. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=165.
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Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de traçar o diagnóstico sobre os problemas socioambientais causados pela ação antrópica, por meio de levantamentos na praia de Beja e Igarapé da Maria Coroa, verificando causas e conseqüências sempre na tentativa de corrigir os erros causados pelas ações antrópicas e prevenindo as gerações futuras. Nesse contexto, o saneamento básico tem por objetivo minimizar os danos ao meio ambiente que interferem na saúde da população e caracteriza o conjunto de ações socioeconômicas que tem por objetivo alcançar salubridade ambiental e também sendo fator essencial para saúde, economia e produção de um município. A metodologia baseia-se em uma pesquisa quantitativa, mediante questionários relevantes sobre abastecimento de água, condições de moradia, esgotamento sanitário e saúde pública, que foram aplicados a uma parcela da população local, para aquilatar a percepção dos moradores da Vila de Beja sobre os impactos socioambientais das atividades antrópicas ocorridas no local. Com essa pesquisa foi possível constatar que a maioria da população não trata a água de beber, não possuem saneamento básico e constatouse com a pesquisa que parte dos entrevistados não tem esclarecimento sobre a questão ambiental. Esta pesquisa foi de grande importância para a sustentabilidade da Vila de Beja - Abaetetuba/PA, já que a economia da região depende também da utilização do ambiente praiano. Portanto, esse estudo procurou evidenciar a realidade dos impactos socioambientais na praia de Beja e áreas adjacentes no município de Abaetetuba PA.This study was conducted with the aim of outlining the diagnosis of the socio-environmental problems caused by human action, through surveys on the beach of Beja and Igarapé da Maria Coroa, always checking causes and consequences in an attempt to redress the wrongs caused by human actions and preventing future generations. In this context, sanitation aims to minimize damage to the environment that affect the health of the population characterizes the range of socioeconomic actions that aims to achieve environmental health and also being an essential factor for health, economy and production of a municipality. The methodology is based on a quantitative survey, with questionnaires relevant to water supply, housing, sanitation and public health that were applied to a portion of the local population, to assess the perception of residents of the town of Beja on social and environmental impacts of human activities occurring on site. With this research it was established that the majority does not address the drinking water, lack basic sanitation and it was found through research that the interviewees do not have clarification on the environmental issue. This research was of great importance for the sustainability of the District of Beja - Abaetetuba / PA, as the regions economy also depends on the use of the environment beachgoer. Therefore, this study sought to highlight the reality of social and environmental impacts of Beja on the beach and surrounding areas in the city of Abaetetuba - PA.
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Nogueira, Luciana Magano. "Condomínios horizontais fechados na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, SP, BR." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/2265.
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Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando
Pessoa, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitetura
e Urbanismo.Este estudo, baseado em pesquisa empírica e bibliográfica, discute aspectos da dinâmica espacial no município de Ribeirão Preto, relacionando a proliferação dos condomínios fechados horizontais com o processo de expansão urbana. Essa nova forma de morar, paraísos de classe média e alta, modifica o espaço urbano e expressa-se em elementos arquitectônicos como os muros, os sistemas de segurança e as portarias. A importância deste estudo é mostrar a capacidade que esses novos empreendimentos residenciais têm de alterar os padrões das relações sociais, sob uma óptica segregada, além de contribuir para a negação do espaço público. Os parques temáticos como a Disney e os Centros Comerciais serão analisados pela perspectiva de autores como Michael Sorkin, Margaret Crawford, Mike Davis, M. Christine Boyer e Trevor Boddy, e relacionados com os condomínios fechados, considerados também empreendimentos de explícita segregação sócio espacial. Este estudo de caso desenvolve uma interpretação crítica das transformações que esse novo tipo de moradia imprimiu à produção e reprodução do espaço urbano, verificando os impactos sociais e urbanísticos promovidos por este fenômeno no município de Ribeirão Preto. This study, based on empirical and bibliographic research, discusses aspects of spatial dynamics in Ribeirão Preto, relating the proliferation of gated horizontal communities with the process of urban sprawl. This new way of living, paradise for middle and upper class, modify the urban space is expressed by architectural elements such as, walls, security systems and main entrances. The importance of this study is to show the ability of these new residential enterprises to change the patterns of social relations, in a segregated approach that also contribute to the denial of public space. The thematic parks, like Disney, and shopping centers will be analyzed from the perspective of authors such as Michael Sorkin, Margaret Crawford, Mike Davis, M. Christine Boyer and Trevor Boddy, and related to gated horizontal communities, considered enterprises of explicit social segregation-space too. This case study develops a critical interpretation of the changes that this new housing type imposed on the production and reproduction of urban space, examining the social and urban impacts promoted by this phenomenon in Ribeirão Preto.
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Utsunomiya, Renata. "Impactos sociais e efeitos cumulativos decorrentes de grandes projetos de desenvolvimento: aplicação de rede de impactos e sobreposição de mapas em estudo de caso para o Litoral Norte Paulista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-25082014-083805/.
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A prática de Avaliação de Impacto (AI) mostra-se consolidada como elemento de suporte ao processo decisório ao redor do planeta. No entanto, apresenta uma série de limitações relacionadas à inclusão dos impactos sociais e efeitos cumulativos como objeto de análise, que se mostram mais intensas no contexto da implantação de grandes projetos de desenvolvimento. No Estado de São Paulo, a região do Litoral Norte se destaca pela perspectiva de intensificação dos processos de desenvolvimento econômico a partir da implantação de projetos ligados à exploração de óleo e gás e seus empreendimentos derivados. Ainda que as mudanças de caráter socioambiental venham sendo analisadas em estudos ambientais estratégicos e estudos de impactos ambientais de projetos, planos diretores municipais, dentre outros instrumentos, verifica-se uma lacuna em termos de seus aspectos cumulativos que, associada ao baixo grau de integração entre os instrumentos de planejamento aplicados na região, tem limitado a sua capacidade de influenciar as decisões tomadas. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa se utiliza de métodos de Avaliação de Impactos para a verificação de impactos sociais e seus efeitos cumulativos sobre o Litoral Norte paulista, considerando a implantação de projetos já em andamento e sua compatibilização com os cenários de desenvolvimento esperados para a região. De modo específico, foram aplicados os métodos da Rede de Impactos para identificação da relação de causalidade entre impactos sociais diretos e indiretos e verificação de sua cumulatividade, e da Sobreposição de Mapas para agregação de dados geográficos e visualização de sua distribuição espacial. A metodologia adotada favoreceu a identificação de impactos sociais indiretos, assim como a compreensão de sua cumulatividade sobre diferentes receptores e também sobre a área de estudo, mostrando-se útil para a inserção da dimensão social na AI voltada para grandes projetos de desenvolvimento.Impact Assessment (IA) practice has different inadequacies, especially about identification and assessment of social impacts and cumulative effects. Hence, there is the demand of exploring methods for minding this gap, mainly in the context of impacts derived from large development projects in Brazil. The North Coast of São Paulo was used a case study, as the region was announced to receive different development projects related to oil and gas exploitation and logistic for exportation. There are many socioenvironmental changes predicted by different instruments such as Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) of projects, Master Plans, among others. This research aimed to verify the contributions of the use of Impact Network and Map Overlaying to consider the social dimension in Impact Assessment. The Impact Network method allowed to address the causality of direct and indirect social impacts, linking them to different receptors for comprehending its cumulativeness. The Map Overlaying method added spatial data from different sources, allowing to identify current and expected social impacts and its spatial and temporal cumulativeness. The main results are: identification of indirect social impacts, comprehension of cumulative social impacts in different receptors and the identification of spatial cumulativeness now and considering the planning future scenario. These methods are currently poorly applied and were important to deal with social impacts and cumulative effects. In the end, it was concluded that the approach contributed to better consider the social dimension in Impact Assessment of large projects.
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Prezoto, André Pitanguy. "The impacts of social media on CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) awareness in organizations." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17230.
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Mestrado em MarketingEste estudo tem por objetivo analisar os impactos das redes sociais na forma em que as organizações controem o reconhecimento de suas Responsabilidades Sócio-Empresariais (RSE). As redes sociais fazem parte de um fenômeno global que tem alterado a maneira que pessoas, organizações e seus respetivos stakeholders se comunicam, de maneira que elas geram impactos em diversas áreas das organizações, incluindo suas atividades e reconhecimento de RSE. Para entender e analisar estes impactos, este estudo pretende responder as seguintes perguntas de investigação: "Qual o papel das redes sociais na construção das percepções dos stakeholders sobre as atividades de RSE de uma organização?" e "Como a comunicação da RSE nas redes sociais afeta o resconhecimento da RSE de uma organização?". Este estudo foi conduzido por meio de um estudo de caso em que cinco entrevistas semi-estruturadas com diferentes representantes de diferentes organizações foram coletadas e analisadas. A análise destas entrevistas foi feita com o auxílio do software MAXQDA, que é uma ferramenta para análise de discursos. Dentre os resultados encontrados, destacam-se o papel que as redes sociais têm no desenvolvimento e reconhecimento da RSE nas organizações. Baseado nestes resultados, este estudo traz insights acerca da influência que as redes sociais têm na comunicação, análise e construção de suas atividades de RSE em relação às perspectivas e reconhecimento de seus stakeholders. Os dados analisados e conclusões obtidas têm por objetivo também destacar como as redes sociais podem ser usadas como uma ferramenta para RSE pelas organizações.
This study aims to analyze the impacts social media have on the way organizations build their Corporate Social Responsability (CSR) awareness. Social media are a global phenomena that has changed the way people, organizations and their stakeholders interact and communicate, therefore they can generate impacts on every part of organizations, including their CSR activities and awareness. To understand and analyze those impacts, this study seeks to answer the following research questions: "Which role do social media play in building stakeholders? perceptions on organizations? CSR activities?" and "How can CSR communication on social media affect an organization's CSR awareness?". This research was conducted through a case study in which five semi-structured interviews with five representatives of different organizations were made and analysed. The analysis of those interviews was made with MAXQDA software, which is a tool developed to analyze speeches. Among the main results found, it is possible to highlight the one regarding the role social media play in developping CSR awareness in organizations. Based on the results found, this research obtained some insights on the influence social media have on the way organizations communicate, analyze and build their CSR activities regarding their stakeholders' perspectives and awareness. The data analysis and conclusions aim to comprehend and highlight how social media can be used as a CSR tool within organizations.
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Richardson, Alaska J. "The Impacts Social Media has on Collegiate Gymnasts: Social Support and Body Image." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1525424711924199.
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Azevedo, Margarida. "The evaluation of the social impacts of culture : culture, arts and development." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E041/document.
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Cette recherche a été motivée par l’intérêt général porté à l’élargissement du débat concernant le rôle du secteur culturel dans le développement, une fois étant reconnu que l’actuel débat économique et monétaire n’est pas adapté à la compréhension des externalités liées à la culture et les arts, et de formuler des politiques en conséquence. Afin d’élargir le débat à d’autres dimensions sociales et intangibles, une revue de la littérature des études d’évaluation d’impact social au sein du secteur culturel a été conduit. Cet examen a prouvé que ces études ont été plus orientées vers la compréhension de l’impact individuel extrinsèque du développement des pratiques culturelles plutôt que vers leur disposition collective. En reconnaissant que les impacts et mécanismes de transformation collective, tendancieusement ignorés, sont les plus adaptés à la conduite du développement social et économique, cette recherche essaye de proposer un nouveau cadre théorique et des approches empiriques pour l’interprétation des mécanismes à travers lesquels la culture construit un impact social à un niveau communautaire. Premièrement, une chaîne théorique des impacts sociaux communautaire d’activités culturelles a été proposée, en alignant un ensemble de capacités sociales, basées en catégories identifiées des impacts à niveau collectif. Deuxièmement, en empruntant des modèles d’analyse du domaine de l’économie, deux études de cas ont été développées afin de fournir de nouvelles perspectives de mesure à l’encontre des défis méthodologiques des études d’impact social et d’identifier de nouveaux mécanismes et moteurs de capacités sociale. Cette étude conclut que les arts et la culture peuvent avoir une fonction stratégique dans le développement communautaire durable qui dépasse les capacités attendues dans la production d’externalités économiques. D’une façon spécifique, en entraînant un processus continu et transversal d’apprentissage social qui conduit à des capacités sociales spécifiques, la culture peut stimuler des systèmes de réseaux nécessaires à la création d’un processus ascendant d’action collective et à l’entretien de dynamiques transfrontièresThis research was motivated by a general concern to enlarge the debate on the cultural sector’s role in development, recognizing that the current economic and monetary debate is inadequate to understanding the externalities attached to culture and the arts and to formulate policies accordingly. In order to broaden the debate into other social and intangible dimensions, a thorough literature review on social impact assessment studies inside the cultural sector was conducted. The review proved that these studies have been more oriented towards understanding the individual extrinsic impacts of engagement in cultural practices rather than its collective capacity. By acknowledging that the tendentiously ignored impacts and mechanisms of collective transformation are those most capable of leading to social and economic development, this research tries to propose a new theoretical framework and empirical approaches to interpret the mechanisms through which culture builds community‐level social impacts. First, a theoretical chain of cultural activities’ community‐level social impacts was proposed, which aligned a set of social capacities based on identified categories of collective level impacts. Second, borrowing analysis models from the field of economics, two case studies were developed to provide new measurement perspectives to meet the methodological challenges of social impact assessment and to identify new mechanisms and drivers of social capacities. This study concludes that culture and the arts can have a strategic function in sustainable community development beyond the expected ability to produce economic externalities. In particular, by inducing a transversal on‐going process of social learning which results in specific social capacities, culture can stimulate a system of networks needed to forge a bottom‐up process of collective action and to sustain cross‐boundary dynamics
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Ercin, Ali Ertug. "Social And Economic Impacts Of The Southeastern Anatolia Project." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607240/index.pdf.
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This thesis is an assessment of socio-economic development of Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey after GAP Project. The aim of this study is to analyze and discuss impacts of the GAP Project and to evaluate achievements of the most important sustainable development project of Turkey.
Several social and economic indicators, like demographic structure, education, health, financial figures, industry, agriculture and energy, have been analyzed and evaluated in order to obtain reliable and realistic conclusions.
The main conclusion of this thesis states that Southeastern Anatolia Region has developed both socially and economically with the impacts of GAP Project. Rapid economic growth, increased agricultural and industrial activities are the evidences of this development. However, another conclusion of the study indicates that the achievements of GAP cannot ensure the expected socio-economic development of the Region. This conclusion shows the necessity of questioning the success of the governance and execution of the GAP Project.
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Lu, Cherie Hsiao-Ying. "Social welfare impacts of environmental charges on commercial flights." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341016.
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Nakajima, Tsukihito. "Privatization of transit in Yokohama : social and financial impacts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39948.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.Vita. Page 165 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-148).
This research examines both social and financial impacts of the privatization of municipally-owned transit systems from the perspective of a privatizing city and its citizens by studying the case of Yokohama, Japan's second largest city whose transit systems are now subject to privatization arguments. First, privatization models are defined based on two dimensions - degree of privatization and deregulation, which are frequently commingled and misused. Then, this research examines the social impact on fare levels, service quality, safety, service provision, and labor condition is analyzed based on prior privatization cases such as Singapore's MRT system, the UK municipal bus systems, and Japan National Rails. Third, this research suggests a new framework and methodology based on the perpetuity valuation for financial impact analysis and quantifies the financial value of each option from the perspective of the City of Yokohama and its citizens.
(cont.) Based on the above analysis, this research concludes that publicly-controlled full privatization in which government retains regulatory power over a privatized entity after full privatization is the most effective managerial model among the examined options at least for the City of Yokohama because this option maximizes the net financial value (Citizens' Equity Value) for the city, while at the same time minimizing the social risks potentially caused by privatization. More generally, this research recommends that government should keep its control over a privatized public transit service even after full privatization and should not rely much on market mechanism in order to alleviate public concerns and protect public interest. Because transit privatization is a hot public policy issue discussed widely among major municipalities in Japan and in developed nations, this research is expected to provide evidence and policy guidelines not only for Yokohama but also for other municipalities in developed nations that own and operate transit systems.
by Tsukihito Nakajima.
M.C.P.
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Seifertová, Zuzana. "The inequality in Chile: economic, political and social impacts." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197008.
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Chile is one the most developed countries in Latin America with stable market-oriented economy and sustainable economic growth, becoming the first South American country to join the OECD. Nevertheless, it is also the country with the highest inequality of income in the OECD and one of the most unequal countries in the world. The biggest challenge for the next decade seems to be the reduction of inequalities and poverty. To achieve these goals, Chile needs to implement better policy in the area of production, innovations, finances, but also health and education. The thesis examines the development of inequality in Chile, its current situation and the impacts of inequality on the society, focusing on the problematic areas such as education and health. Additionally, it presents possible solutions and recommendations for Chile to reduce the high level of inequalities, including the external help. The main resources used for the analysis are the information published by the World Bank, OECD or European Commission and complemented with statistics and reports of Chilean government.
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Agostinelli, Sara. "Impacts of student identity construction in online social networks." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/s_agostinelli_061809.pdf.
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Li, Lianjun. "The impacts of social comparison information on physical activity." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6985.
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My dissertation focuses on changes in health-related behavior in react to information-based intervention. The first chapter analyzes the results of a field experiment to investigate the effects of comparative information on the daily number of steps taken of adults. The second chapter further explores the effects using qualitative analysis. The third chapter intends to offer explanations in the mechanisms of the results from the first chapter.
My first chapter uncovers how patterns in the daily number of steps of adults are affected by information that compares one with unknown peers. I conducted a field experiment that used fitness trackers to collect daily and minute-by-minute data on the total number of steps an individual takes in a day. Participants were randomized into a group that was provided with comparison information and a group that did not receive such information. I examined whether individuals in the two groups behaved differently during and after the intervention period. I find no clear evidence of an aggregate impact of social norms on the daily number of steps taken. However, I find individuals who are not overweight or nor married or cohabiting are more likely to be influenced by social norms. Greater treatment effects are found among individuals whose number of steps that are at the tails of the distribution curve.
My second chapter reports the results of the textual data from the survey in the field experiment. I present dominant themes that emerged from answers to the open-ended essay questions in the survey. The results support that health concern, body image, appearance, psychological factors, peers and friends are major motives for being physically active. For participation in the study specifically, text messages that contain comparative information produced some improvement of the exercise level. However, participants also requested more interactions with peers, additional information provision, rewards for reaching goals. The results imply external incentives play a smaller role in promoting daily number of steps.
In the third chapter, I conduct a survey experimentation to test the effectiveness of informing descriptive social norms and types of text messages in predictions about health-related behaviors. First, I investigate if errors in beliefs about activity levels exist and I find no evidence of over- or under-confidence in one’s own activity levels. Further analysis provide preliminary evidence of negative effects of informedness in predictions about one’s own behavior. However, the intention-to-treat effects of comparative information are unclear. The data provide evidence in favor of the correlation between first-order personal beliefs, not higher-order normative beliefs, in predicting an increase number of steps taken in response to intervention with text messages.
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Asahi, Kenzo. "Impacts of better transport accessibility : evidence from Chile." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3160/.
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The anatomy of disadvantage in Chile and in Santiago is a product of a long history and is broad and deep, with great income inequality and widely dispersed populations. These conditions are also not unusual in other middle-income countries and fast growing economies, many of which are also investing heavily in urban transport systems at this time. In the mid-2000s, in an effort to confront some of these problems, there was a large expansion of Santiago’s (Chile) subway network (Chapter 2). This thesis investigates the socioeconomic impacts of the much-improved urban transport accessibility. This expansion occurred within a short period of time (2004 through 2006). Because of a conjunction of efforts by the Chilean government to evaluate the effectiveness of the country's social policies, there is much data available characterising the socioeconomic conditions both before and after the expansion. For example, in this thesis I use a panel survey with circa 5000 interviewees with labour market outcomes, administrative panel data with standardised test scores of 100,000 students in eighth grade, and police crime records with all reported crimes to the police in Santiago. To control for workers (Chapter 4), students (Chapter 5) and small crime areas (Chapter 6) individual and unobserved characteristics that do not change in time, I use a fixed-effects method. Depending on the outcome, the unit of observation was an individual or a spatial unit. In addition, to allow for differential pre-existing trends in the outcome variable, in the first-differenced form I control for relevant baseline characteristics. There are three socioeconomic conditions examined in detail in this thesis. These are impacts on the labour market (in Chapter 4), student achievement (in Chapter 5), and property crime (in Chapter 6). In Chapter 4, my general findings are that greater proximity to the subway network increases labour market participation, employment hours, and labour earnings. However, the main policy implication of this part of the study is that accessibility of transportation is a crucial factor affecting the female employment rate. This is extremely important in cities with a low female employment rate and a low or non-existent coverage of rapid transit systems such as subways. In Chapter 5, I find that increased proximity to the subway network is associated with substantially lower test scores. Policy implications to consider are that schools that will soon be more accessible to rapid transit systems should consider the possibility of undesired increases in class sizes due to more demand because of the increased availability of nearby rapid transit stations. In Chapter 6, I find that greater proximity to subway stations increased both robbery and larceny in the public space within one year after the opening of the subway stations. One policy implication is that the police should redistribute its personnel whenever the flows of pedestrians and commuters may be affected because of changes in the transport network. In light of the well-established fact that citizens appreciate improvements in the subway network that increase their accessibility to employment and to services in general, this thesis provides evidence that a relevant advantage of better urban transport is an improvement in labour market conditions.
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Grande, Mariana Benetti de. "Impactos sociais da atividade tur?stica: um estudo de caso em Tibau do Sul/RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12137.
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Previous issue date: 2009-08-28This study has been presented for the Master in business of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, the objectives are evaluate the social impacts of the tourism in the community of Tibau do Sul in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The research is a study of case and the analysis is qualitative and quantitative. The tourism is considerate for many people as an important source of richness, job and an important economic activity. However, for being an activity that involves as main element people, It can cause impacts, could these are beneficial or malign. To evaluate the community's perception about these impacts, it was applied a questionnaire returned to the perceptions of them about the next social indicators: health, job, security, education and life quality. Considering the advent of the tourist activity in a period fifteen year. Through the research could conclude that, of general form the population realizes the changes occurred in the municipal district of positive way. Except for some indicators that receive negative evaluation
Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os impactos sociais gerados pelo turismo na comunidade receptora de Tibau do Sul, no Rio Grande do Norte. A pesquisa realizada define-se como estudo de caso e na an?lise aproxima o tratamento qualitativo do quantitativo. A atividade tur?stica ? considerada por muitos autores e estudiosos como uma importante fonte de gera??o de riqueza, emprego, divisas e uma atividade geradora de crescimento para a localidade onde se insere. No entanto, por ser uma atividade que envolve como elemento principal as pessoas, tanto os turistas quanto os moradores dos destinos tur?sticos, pode causar impactos sociais, podendo estes ser ben?ficos ou mal?ficos. Como forma de avaliar a percep??o da comunidade sobre esses impactos, aplicou-se um question?rio voltado ?s percep??es da mesma sobre os seguintes indicadores sociais: sa?de, educa??o, emprego, seguran?a e qualidade de vida; considerando o advento da atividade tur?stica em um per?odo delimitado de quinze anos, ou seja, o marco inicial do crescimento do turismo no munic?pio. Atrav?s da pesquisa conclui-se que, de forma geral, a popula??o percebe as mudan?as ocorridas na regi?o de maneira positiva, com exce??o de alguns indicadores, como valoriza??o da cultura local e policiamento na cidade, que receberam avalia??es negativas
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Silva, Orildo S?vio de Oliveira. "Avalia??o social de empreendimentos agroindustriais :um estudo na carcinicultura." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14992.
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Previous issue date: 2006-05-19O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a contribui??o social da atividade econ?mica denominada de carcinicultura, para o munic?pio de Canguaretama no Rio Grande do Norte, a partir da vis?o dos moradores do citado munic?pio, sendo enfocados aspectos ambientais, aspectos de produ??o, consumo de energia, gera??o de empregos e renda, e investimentos na ?rea social, para a melhoria de vida da popula??o local. Foi realizada uma pesquisa amostral do tipo Survey com 234 pessoas daquele munic?pio de um universo de 27.011 habitantes. Foi escolhido esse munic?pio porque o mesmo ? um dos principais produtores de camar?es no Estado, al?m de contar com as principais fazendas de cria??o e laborat?rios de melhoramento gen?tico dessa cultura. O instrumento de pesquisa utilizado, foi o question?rio com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Resultados mostram que grande maioria declarou pouco conhecimento com rela??o ao processo produtivo da atividade da carcinicultura e reconheceram como principal benef?cio da mesma, a gera??o de empregos. Em termos de associa??o entre vari?veis, n?o se verificou relacionamento entre as vari?veis investigadas do grupo perfil e a vari?vel dependente que expressa a opini?o do entrevistado quanto aos benef?cios sociais gerados pela atividade. Ou seja, em termos de g?nero, n?o h? diferen?a de percep??o entre homens e mulheres sobre os benef?cios sociais advindos da carcinicultura. De forma an?loga, n?o se observa diferen?a de percep??o sobre os benef?cios sociais da atividade entre as diferentes faixas de escolaridade, idade e renda familiar da popula??o entrevistada
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Daniels, Dustin R. "The economic and social justice impacts of Rwandan education policy." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2010. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/2181926.
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Morimoto, Risako. "Environmental, economic and social impacts of dams in developing countries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251884.
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Vanden, Boogart Matthew Robert. "Uncovering the social impacts of Facebook on a college campus." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/181.
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Chen, Rong M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Chinese gated community : degree of openness and the social impacts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90196.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 55).
Contemporary gated communities in China have only risen to prominence over the past two decades since the Housing Reform and market economy. Research on this field mainly criticize Chinese gated community on their negative social impacts by directly borrowing arguments from the studies of Western gated communities, especially from the US counterparts. However, the socioeconomic connotation attached to gated communities in the US is not necessarily applicable to gating in the Chinese cases. Conceptions of cities in the US as the leading parts of this Chinese urban trend thus have to be questioned and investigated. This paper aims at analyzing the formation of Chinese gated community based on its unique historical context and socioeconomic conditions, and constructing a study framework to measure the degree of openness with its social impact. The historical formation of this peculiar spatial layout derived from a centralized administration concern, which in turn blended into the traditional value as a symbol of social order and belonging. As people's preferences for residence follow the historical traditions and customs, the way residents perceive gatedness is different from the opinions of the Western liberals. Moreover, the current socioeconomic environment contributes to distinguishing the specificities of Chinese urbanization process. The common interests shared by local government, private developers and customers prompt the prevalence of gated communities around the country. Translating the spatial language into measurable quantitative index enables the dissection of the gating phenomenon for objective openness degree assessment. As Chinese gated communities account for a large proportion of the land development, a comprehensive understanding of the measurable openness degree based on local context will better facilitate the research on Chinese gated communities and the rapid urbanization process.
by Rong Chen.
M.C.P.
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Yoders, A., S. A. Ray, Megan Quinn, and David Wood. "Gaming and Social Media Use Negatively Impacts Youth School Performance." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7672.
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Saad, Syed Towhid Akin John S. "Essays on microfinance financial and social impacts in rural Bangladesh /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2311.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Economics." Discipline: Economics; Department/School: Economics.
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Petrova, Svetla Lyubomirova. "Social impacts of mining : a Western Australian community case study." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2081.
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Social impacts of mining is not a new area of study. The intensive resource extraction over the last ten years, together with the societal challenges occurring at a global scale, and the progress of the sustainability agenda, are changing the way mining impacts on local communities. Understanding the social implications of mining operations at the local community level appears to be a challenging research exercise that resembles a complex puzzle.The study presented in this thesis seeks to explore the complexities and drivers generating social impacts of mining at a local community level and how this relates to community’s long-term development. The concept of social sustainability is the primarily focus used to examine and interpret the consequences from contemporary mining operations. Studying the rural community of Boddington in south-west Australia, the research links the concepts of social impacts and social sustainability. It reflects on the qualitative changes occurring in the social landscape and analyses the role of mining for long-term community development by examining its contribution against the social implications it evokes.The findings of this inquiry demonstrate the complex nature of the social impacts caused by mining operations. It identifies three new phenomena impacting the social sustainability prospects of the community, namely the appropriation of human resources, transiency and dependency culture. The case study unveils the inextricable links between the drivers that generate impacts and brings forward the importance of analysing and exploring the dynamic interactions between the various social indicators in order to understand how mining affects local communities.
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Andrade, Magda Maria Guimarães de. "Impactos sociais da ciência e tecnologia: uma aplicação da teoria das representações sociais à gestão social do conhecimento." Instituto de Ciência da Informação, 2007. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18685.
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O ponto de partida foi compreender a representação sobre os impactos sociais do conhecimento da ciência e tecnologia apoiada pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia. O cenário do estudo é o resultado do projeto do Programa de Fixação de Doutores que resultou em novo processo para diagnóstico de lesões infra-ósseas benignas dos maxilares. O locus da pesqusa, constituído por um pequeno recorte, determinado pela escassez de resultados implementados, que levou à configuração de um estudo piloto, é o ambulatório de atendimento da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, e os sujeitos são residentes em odontologia. O trabalho se insere em uma vertente de estudos em Ciência da Informação que se fundamenta em uma concepção de informação como processo de construção do conhecimento que se apoia na cultura e nas práticas sociais, sendo a representação do saber popular do resultado da ciência e tecnologia entendida a partir do contexto que a originou e da funcionalidade nas interações sociais que ocorrem no cotidiano. Fundamenta-se na teoria das representações sociais desenvolvida por Moscovici para auxiliar na construção e análise do objeto. Nesta investigação o conhecimento é considerado como um produto social, tendo como contraponto o contexto social do qual ele emerge e no qual ele circula e se transforma, sendo focalizadas as representações de um sujeito sobre um objeto. Partindo da técnica de evocação livre de palavras, os dados coletados foram processados pelo software EVOC e o interesse básico foi o conhecimento do núcleo central da representação estudada. A pesquisa empírica aqui relatada demonstra como essa teoria pode ser utilizada, explicando cada etapa de sua aplicação e os procedimentos utilizados para obtenção e tratamento dos dados. O emprego da teoria das representações sociais possibilitou um novo modo de enxergar o aspecto sociocognitivo como processo de construção do conhecimento que vem confirmar a contribuição que o ramo da Psicologia Social pode oferecer à Ciência da Informação, enquanto um referencial de análise e intervenção. Fica a sugestão de continuidade desta pesquisa, buscando nas representações sociais de outros segmentos que compõem nossa sociedade o entendimento da realidade dos impactos sociais da ciência e tecnologia e o desafio de fazer da produção desse conhecimento propostas para serem utilizadas nas intervenções políticas e sociais.
ABSTRACT The starting point was undestanding the representation about the social impacts of science and technology knowledge supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia, Brazil. The scenery of the study is the Programa de Fixação de Doutores project, realized in 2002, that had ended as a new process for diagnosis of benign intra-bones injuries of jaw bones. The research locus, constituted by a small cut of this field, determined by the scarceness of the implanted results, that took the configuration of a pilot sketch, is the odontology service of the Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, and the researched people are the pos-degree dentistry's students. The work inserts itself in a slope of studies in Science of the Information that is based in the concept of information as process of knowledge construction that leans on the culture and on the social practices, being the representation of the popular knowledge as the result of the science and technology understood starting from the context that originated it and of the functionality in the social interactions that happen day by day. It is based in the theory of the social representations developed by Moscovici to aid in the construction and analysis of the object. In this research the knowledge is considered a social product, and as back center the social context in which it emerges and in which it spreads and changes itself, being focused the representations of a person on an object. Using the free-word evocation technique, the collected data had been analyzed by the EVOC software and the mean interest was the knowledge of the central core of the studied representation. The empiric research here related demonstrates how this theory can be used, explaining each stage of its application and the used procedures for attainment and treatment of the data. The theory of the social representations used made possible a new way of seeing the sociocognitive aspect as a process of the knowledge construction that confirms the contribution that the branch of the Social Psychology can offer to the Science of the Informations, seeing as a referential analysis and intervention. It is suggested continuation of this research, searching in the social representations of other segments that compose our society the undrestanding of the reality of the social impacts of the science and technology and the challenge of producing this knowledge proposals to be used as a political and a social interventions.
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Ribeiro, Ivan Linhares. "As incursões de ar frio no Estado do Amazonas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2012. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2807.
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Previous issue date: 2012-04-26Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The state of Amazonas is reached annually by the incursions of cold air during austral winter. These cold air masses of polar origin, locally known as friagens, cause sudden drops in air temperature. In this study we analyzed 14 cases of chills occurred in the state of Amazonas during the period 2000 to 2010 with minimum temperature, the National Institute of Meteorology. Data from the numerical model (NCEP / NCAR) were used to simulate the dynamic and synoptic conditions leading event in July 2010, the most intense period of study, which showed temperatures of 11.8 ° C in the southwest of the state and 16 ° C in Iuauretê, as in the northern hemisphe re. The population of students from the cities of southwestern Amazon, mostly suffers no adverse impacts to the incursions of cold air. However, from analysis of data from the state Department of Rural Production (Sepror), it appears that fish production can be seriously affected events with intense cold, falling production, causing losses to fish farmers and thus for the Amazonas economy .
O estado do Amazonas é atingido anualmente pelas incursões de ar frio durante inverno austral. Essas massas de ar frio de origem polar, localmente conhecidas por friagens, ocasionam quedas bruscas de temperatura do ar. No presente trabalho foram analisados os 14 casos de friagem ocorridos no Estado do Amazonas durante o período de 2000 a 2010 com dados de temperatura mínima do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Dados do modelo numérico (NCEP/NCAR) foram utilizados para fazer a simulação das condições sinóticas e dinâmicas que antecederam evento de Julho de 2010, o mais intenso do período estudado, que apresentou temperaturas de 11.8°C no sudoeste do estado e 16°C em Iuauretê, já no hemisfério norte. A população dos estudantes das cidades dos sudoeste do Amazonas, em sua maioria, não sofre impactos negativos com as incursões de ar frio. Porém, a partir da análise de dados da Secretaria Estadual de Produção Rural (SEPROR), verifica-se que a produção de peixes pode ser seriamente afetada com eventos intensos de friagem, caindo a produção, gerando prejuízos para piscicultores e consequentemente para a economia do Amazonas.
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Trigg, A. "The spatial and distributional impacts of government spending : A social accounts approach." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383258.
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Góis, Breno Vinícius de. "Produção de petróleo e desenvolvimento a contribuição dos royalties na dinâmica regional do território Açu / Mossoró." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2014. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/30.
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-25The exploration and production of oil in Brazil evolved forcefully since the year 1997, the year in which there was a relaxation of the oil monopoly, which made possible that such activity was the object of granting strangers to Public Administration . Such flexibility caused an enormous growth in the oil sector, since there were several interested in prospecting for oil in national soil. It happens that in return, the dealer had to pay the state a monthly amount calculated upon a percentage (between 5% and 10%) of the production of oil or natural gas, called royalty. Allied to this, installation of the exploration and production of oil in a particular local industry carries significant social and environmental damage, such as depletion of non-renewable resource, deforestation for infrastructure, territorial consolidation. Thus, the research problem of this study arises: the use of the values passed as royalties should be linked to the negative impacts that cause the production of oil, such as repairing the environment or future generations by compensating resource depletion ? In this sense, this paper analyzes the trends of the contribution of funds from the Royalties in the Municipalities Planning Acu / Mossley brought social development for such localities. For this, we will review progress on the Human Development Index - HDI in these municipalities before and after the significant contribution of royalties, and perform a detailed study on the town of Mossoró / RN, which passes through a cooling of the oil industry
A exploração e produção do petróleo no Brasil evoluiu de forma contundente desde o ano de 1997, ano em que houve a flexibilização do monopólio do petróleo, fato que possibilitou que tal atividade fosse objeto de concessão a terceiros estranhos à Administração Pública. Essa flexibilização ocasionou um enorme crescimento no setor petrolífero, visto que surgiram vários interessados na prospecção de petróleo em solo nacional. Ocorre que em contrapartida, o concessionário havia de pagar mensalmente ao Estado um valor calculado em cima de um percentual (entre 5% e 10%) da produção do petróleo ou gás natural, chamado de royalty. Aliado a isso, instalação da indústria de exploração e produção de petróleo em determinado local acarreta significativos danos sociais e ambientais, tais como: esgotamento de recurso não renovável, desmatamento para instalação de infraestrutura, adensamento territorial. Assim, surge o problema de pesquisa do presente trabalho: a utilização dos valores repassados a título de royalties deve ser vinculada aos impactos negativos que causa a produção do petróleo, como por exemplo, reparando o meio ambiente ou compensando as futuras gerações pelo esgotamento do recurso? Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho analisou se a evolução do aporte de recursos oriundos dos Royalties nos Municípios do Território Açu/Mossoró trouxe desenvolvimento social para tais localidades. Para isso, se analisará a evolução do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano IDH em tais municípios, antes e depois do aporte significativo dos royalties, além de realizar um detalhado estudo sobre a cidade de Mossoró/RN, que passa por um arrefecimento da indústria petrolífera
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Melo, Rachel Ribeiro Resende dos Santos. "As faces da exclus?o social na comunidade ?frica - Natal, RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18883.
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Previous issue date: 2005-11-10This dissertation deals with the study of the faces of social exclusion at present, through a spatial section constituted of a subnormal area (the Community Africa), which groups these aspects in a limited, but revealing, context regarding such problems. Through the following chapters, inequality, exclusion, segregation, the socioeconomics of the Community Africa, and the environmental impacts identified in this community are discussed. At the end of this piece of work, alternatives of possible solutions to the community area pointed, with also the discussion of propositions related to the questions concerning the mitigation of the most relevant problems
Esta disserta??o trata do estudo das faces da exclus?o social na atualidade, atrav?s de um recorte espacial constitu?do por uma ?rea subnormal (a Comunidade ?frica), que aglutina esses aspectos num contexto restrito, por?m, revelador a respeito de tais problemas. Atrav?s dos cap?tulos que se seguem, ? discutida a desigualdade, a exclus?o, a segrega??o, a socioeconomia da Comunidade ?frica e os impactos ambientais identificados na mesma. Ao final do trabalho, s?o apontadas as alternativas de sa?da poss?veis para a comunidade, sendo discutidas tamb?m proposi??es acerca de quest?es voltadas para a atenua??o dos seus problemas mais relevantes
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GOUVEIA, JORGE L. N. "Descarte de resíduos químicos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, seus impactos socioambientais - uma proposta de política pública para enfrentamento de situações emergenciais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25299.
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Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Crank, Laura Duffy. "How communication impacts network structure and access to community social capital." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4787.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 20, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Childers, Scott. "The Impacts of Social Media on Citizen Security Behavior in Mexico." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6775.
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Over the past decade, Mexico has seen a dramatic increase in drug-trafficking organization (DTO) violence with the deaths of over 47,000 Mexican citizens that can be compared to high-profile combat zones, such as in Afghanistan. This thesis examines the critical junction between social media and citizen security behavior in Mexico. It begins by assessing the overall social media penetration in Mexico, reviewing the demographic and geographic factors of social media penetration in Mexico, in addition to analyzing what actors influence this technology. Next examined is the use of social media by DTOs. Geographical concentrations of DTO violence, how DTOs utilize social media to their advantage, as well as their use of social media, such as YouTube, are reviewed. Social media use by law-abiding Mexican citizens in their attempts to counter the violence in their communities, specifically focusing on statistics and trends regarding anti-DTO/personal security behaviors is also evaluated. This thesis concludes with not only a review of the findings, but by posing three different scenarios for the next five-to-eight years to which these findings can be applied.