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1
Wolska, Barbara. "History, culture and alcohol: Drinking patterns in Poland and Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1040.
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It is a widely held view in Poland that for centuries those in power have promoted heavy drinking among their subjects in order to achieve their various goals and that this contributed to the development of Polish drinking patterns. There is some empirical evidence that the political economy of alcohol in Poland promoted heavy drinking among the Polish population. Drinking alcohol in Poland was an important aspect of social situations. The most popular beverage was vodka(s). Social pressure to drink in the extreme was attributed to the tradition of hospitality. Cultural norms encouraged very heavy drinking among men and imposed heavy social sanctions on women who were supposed to display virtues of abstinence. The typical model of drinking was intermittent very heavy drinking, leading to intoxication on most occasions. These norms reinforced the notion that "we can drink more because we are Poles" and the view that safe drinking messages are designed for other nations because "Poles are accustomed to drinking strong alcohol, unlike others". Adult male informants reported drinking much less in Australia than in Poland. The biggest change was a lack of social pressure to drink. Although men claimed that they drink less, some still drink in an unsafe manner. These were largely those whose English skills restricted their employment and friendship networks. Women, on the other hand, admitted that in Australia they drink more often and more alcohol at a sitting than in Poland. Although informants did not mention any alcohol-related family problems in Australia, others reported alcohol related violence within some families. Some safety messages about alcohol do not reach this sample of people. Many view drink driving rules as purely revenue raisers for the government. However, advice from their medical practitioners to reduce their alcohol intake for serious health reasons is given more credibility. Young Polish Australians formed two groups in their attitude to drinking. The first group consisted of people who attended tertiary educational institutions and consumed alcohol in a similar fashion to other Australian students. It is likely that the university environment influenced their drinking patterns. Those who witnessed drinking at home and perceived it as a good thing, modelled their drinking on their parents' and other adults at home. Others, who perceived their parents as non-drinkers, learned to drink from their friends and displayed similar drinking patterns to their peers. The second group was older; some were in the workforce and manifested drinking patterns akin to those in the general Australian population in the same age bracket. Both groups of these young Polish Australians were much more aware of alcohol health messages and more likely to modify their behaviours such as not to drink and drive, than was the older population. However, other drinking related health warnings were largely disregarded. This research demonstrates the negative impact of reduced government funding for English programs and ethno-specific services for migrant groups. More research is needed on migrant drinking in Australia, specifically among those groups whose drinking continues to be problematic.
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Ronald, Rachael Leigh, and Rachael Leigh Ronald. "Guatemala On Tap: Nation-Building, Social Order, and the Cerveceria Centroamericana in Twentieth Century Guatemala." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621139.
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Guatemala's Cerveceria Centroamerciana is one of the country's most prestigious, recognizable, and successful national industries. Founded in 1885 by brothers Mariano and Rafael Castillo Cordoba, over the course of the twentieth century they effectively marketed their widely popular Gallo beer to the masses. They facilitated a shift in popular tastes, promoting beer consumption as a healthful and sophisticated alternative to other crudely concocted alcoholic beverages. Through sophisticated marketing they endeavored to create an illusion of national cohesion in a country with deep class, race, and ethnic divisions. In order to all the more entrench their position in the country's oligarchy and to ensure the longevity of their business, the Castillo's functioned as a mediator in the relationship between the state and society. While the consumption of Gallo beer offered an illusion of modernity, it all the more reinforced cultural assumptions and ascriptions of indigenous identity.
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Fonder, Nathan Lambert. "Pleasure, Leisure, or Vice? Public Morality in Imperial Cairo, 1882-1949." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10077.
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I investigate the social history of Egypt under British imperial occupation through the lens of morality in order to understand the contestation of cultural change and authority under empire. Points of cultural cleavage between European and local inhabitants in British-occupied Cairo included two customs, gambling and the consumption of intoxicants, which elicited sustained and dynamic reactions from observers of Egyptian society on the local and international level. I show that the presence of alcohol and gambling in public spaces in Cairo contributed directly to the politicization and selective criminalization of public morality. However, the meanings attributed to social practices relating to leisure were continually under negotiation and challenge as state authorities, British liberals, Egyptian reformers and religious leaders, foreign missionaries, and representatives of international temperance movements vied to impose their visions of morality upon Egyptian society.
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Taylor, Kristie A. "Constitutional alcohol Prohibition in the United States: Power, profit and politics." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289817.
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Why was national alcohol Prohibition repealed in the United States? Prohibition's repeal is unique in several respects. Alcohol Prohibition is the only American drug prohibition to ever be repealed, and the only constitutional amendment to ever be repealed. Furthermore, the volatility of Prohibition policy serves as a useful case for political sociology, which tends to focus on stable policies and government agencies. Prohibition's repeal is important substantively because it is the only American drug prohibition to be repealed. The question of repeal requires examination of several theoretical issues. First, is the process of creating a new policy fundamentally different from the process of dismantling an existing policy? Second, what effect does an exogenous crisis (like World War I or the Great Depression) have on state actor's response to the demands of a social movement? Third, what is the role of elites in a social movement? Fourth, what effect does the implementation of a policy have on those constituencies supporting it? I examine the substantive and theoretical issues of Prohibition's repeal using a variety of primary and secondary sources. National Prohibition resulted from the combined effects of crisis and elite social movement activity. Both were necessary for passage of the 18th Amendment. Implementation of the amendment proved difficult and had a destabilizing effect on Prohibition's supporters. Repeal of Prohibition resulted from the combined effects of implementation and crisis. The passage and repeal of Prohibition were the result of very different processes, suggesting that dismantling a policy is a different kind of political project than creating a policy.
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Beeler, David. "Sobering Anxieties: Alcohol, Tobacco, and the Intoxicated Social Body in Dutch Painting During the True Freedom, 1650-1672." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4983.
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During the second half of the seventeenth century, alcohol and tobacco were consumed at all levels of the social strata in the Dutch Republic. These products and their consumption were important to long standing traditions and were vital to the Dutch economy. Paradoxically, however, moralists and ministers attempted to curb intoxication by associating it with the loss of one's masculinity or femininity. Intoxicated men and women were stigmatized as morally inept, unruly, and a threat to the family, community, and even the nation. Dutch genre paintings depicting alcohol and tobacco consumption are often described as moral warnings or didactic messages, but these images were more than teaching aids for Dutch youth. The intoxicated characters in these paintings represented a larger social anxiety towards the threat of foreign invasions. Foreign labor, including soldiers, sailors, and maidservants, held a precarious position within the Republic and in Dutch homes, and these foreign workers became easy targets for moralists and ministers who sought to perpetuate the Dutch national myth of superiority through allegories of foreign otherness. There is a large body of scholarly work that explores seventeenth-century Dutch society; however, little attention has been given to the significance of alcohol and tobacco consumption. This paper addresses these concerns with a special emphasis on paintings created during the True Freedom (1650-1672). Through the examination of paintings, moral treatises, and religious sermons, I will discuss depictions of alcohol and tobacco consumption and juxtapose them to the ideal man and woman as described by moralists and ministers. For the seventeenth-century Dutch, images of alcohol and tobacco represented an insidious infection in a pristine community. But these condemnations tell us much more about the anxieties of seventeenth-century Dutch society than about the inherent evils of intoxication.
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Des, Rosiers Sabrina E. "Evaluation of an alcohol expectancy typology : group differences in psychosocial functioning and developmental history in a treatment sample of adolescents." FIU Digital Commons, 2006. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2777.
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The goals of the present study were (a) to identify distinct and meaningful groups of adolescents on the basis of their self-reported alcohol expectancies and, (b) to document multivariate group differences between alcohol expectancy clusters and specific adjustment outcomes. Six distinct homogenous subgroups were identified via Cluster Analysis. Subsequent validation analyses involving between-cluster comparisons of psychosocial adjustment outcomes identified significant group differences. Clusters with stronger endorsement of positive alcohol expectancies were more likely to receive a lifetime diagnosis of conduct disorder, engage in negative social interactions, have higher ratings of perceived stress, and reckless behaviors. Between-cluster differences were also identified for age, school grade, family structure and ethnicity. The results of this study supported the merit of using a person-centered analytic strategy to describe heterogeneity in patterns of alcohol expectancies and their relations with specific adjustment outcomes among high-risk samples of adolescents.
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Reid-Quinones, Kathryn. "The Role of a Family History of Alcohol or Drug Abuse on PTSD Outcomes Following Community Violence Exposure." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/938.
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Research consistently has revealed the damaging consequences of children's repeated exposure to community violence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the most commonly cited internalizing disorder associated with such exposure. However, not all children who are exposed to community violence develop PTSD symptoms; thus, it is important to identify factors that contribute to this deleterious relationship. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation of community violence exposure (CVE)and PTSD in a sample of urban adolescents. Additionally, the study assessed whether a maternal history of alcohol or drug abuse would exacerbate the association of CVE andPTSD symptoms in youth. Furthermore, deficient parenting and poorer psychological functioning of the substance-abusing mother was examined as a possible explanation of the relation of maternal substance abuse to community violence exposure and PTSD. Participants included 309 biological mothers and their 5th or 8th grade children (N = 309dyads) who were recruited from high-violence neighborhoods in Richmond, Virginia. Youth and their maternal caregivers completed separate home interviews. Results revealed that greater violence exposure (witnessing violence and direct victimization)was associated with higher levels of PTSD symptoms in youth. Additionally, maternalalcohol abuse history exacerbated the relation between witnessed violence and PTSD symptoms. At low levels of witnessed violence, mother's alcohol use type did not influence PTSD symptoms; however, as levels of witnessed violence increase, youthwhose mothers were classified as having a positive alcohol abuse history were more likely to report higher levels of PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, parental knowledge was an independent predictor of PTSD symptoms in each of the models. Lower levels of parental knowledge were associated with higher levels of youth-reported PTSD symptoms. Overall, the study findings support the need to examine moderating and mediating factors of the relation between CVE and PTSD among youth.
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Manzo, Menares Kristoffer. "Ett genusperspketiv på nykterhetsrörelsen : En undersökning av nykterhetsrörelsens beskrivning om kvinnligt och manligt från 1920 till 2011." Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, Ämnesforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53462.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze how different authors from 1920 to 2011 described the Swedish temperance movement. The study wanted to highlight a gender perspective through a description of women´s and men´s relationship to alcohol habits and their different positions, assignments, and influences in the Swedish temperance movement. To further aid in the research of this study, it was decided to use the gender system that Yvonne Hirdman had presented in her work. The study showed that there existed a difference in the description between women’s and men’s alcohol habits and position of influence. Women were bound to have an idealized image of sobriety and their biological reproductive nature as women. Men had more liberty and freedom compared to women. However, this affected the middle-class and not the working class. The study showed that social standing influenced what type of position and influence both women and men had in the temperance movement. It also showed a separation between female and male in the description and that the authors were following a male norm in their description.
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Droppa, Alisson. "Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e conflitos sociais: a contribuição dos “bêbados” criminalizados para o estudo da formação social da colônia Ijuí (1890 a 1920)." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2009. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/1869.
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Este estudo analisa a relação do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas com a violência em Ijuí no período de 1890 a 1920. Foram pesquisados documentos da intendência municipal e processos crimes do período do estudo. Ao pesquisar nesses documentos foi possível perceber uma diversidade de situações conflituosas, em que o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas constava como um dos principais elementos. Tal constatação levou-me ao estudo de casos específicos sobre o tema, em que identifiquei que o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas possuía diversos significados. Esses significados estavam associados a um desvio moral do indivíduo consumidor de bebidas alcoólicas, ou a momentos festivos ligados ao lazer, ou ainda representavam uma forma de fugir de punições. Em suma, o trabalho analisa como indivíduos que permaneciam fora das páginas dos livros de história - e que muitas vezes eram apontados como bêbados, delinqüentes ou mesmo criminosos - também são importantes na construção social de uma comunidade.
This study examines the relationship between alcohol consumption and violence in Ijuí city, in the period from 1890 to 1920. For the research, we collected documents in the intendance, and crime-processes for the period of the study. When studying these documents, we noticed a diversity of conflict situations, in witch the consumption of alcohol was considered as one of the major reasons for the conflict. This finding led me to study specific cases on the subject, in witch it was possible to identify that alcohol consumption had several meanings. These meanings were associated to a moral deviation of the alcohol consumers, or to festive occasions related to leisure, or they represented a way to escape from punishment. Thus, the study analyses how people that remained out of the pages of history books – that often were described as drunk, delinquent, immoral or criminal – are also important in the process of social community building.
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Gunby, Clare E. "Exploring experiences of, and perspectives towards, alcohol intoxication and non-consensual sex amongst a student and legal population." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6087/.
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The association between consuming alcohol and experiencing non-consensual sex is now largely established. Little research however has addressed English students' experiences of nonconsensual sex when drinking and the alcohol related strategies used to procure intercourse. Study one of the PhD therefore carried out an online survey to address students' (N= 1,079) attitudes, understandings and experiences of alcohol involved non-consensual sex, also gaining insight into men's non-consensual encounters; a previously neglected participant group. The consumption of alcohol plior to rape impacts on perceptions of complainant credibility and academics have questioned the contribution of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 in the prosecution of alcohol involved rape cases specifically. Study two consequently carried out interviews with barristers (N= I 4) to establish the baniers that exist to the successful prosecution of alcohol involved rape cases, the application and usefulness of provisions introduced by the 2003 Act and where problems in the law of intoxication were still perceived to exist. Research documents that individuals endorse beliefs around false rape allegations being frequently made and surmise that alcohol consumption increases the potential for a false rape report. Study three therefore carried out focus group discussions with students to develop further understanding of alcohol involved non-consensual sex and the perceived role of alcohol within the false rape reporting process. Findings indicated that 30.7 percent (N=329) of participants had experienced at least one act of alcohol involved non-consensual oral, anal, or vaginal sex since the age of 14, that provisions introduced by the 2003 Act were not always being utilised as intended and that it was the perceived impact of alcohol on sexual inhibitions that was deemed central in encouraging individuals to behave in ways they would not if sober, regret those actions the next day, and increase the potential for a false rape report to be made. Studies emphasised that alcohol consumption disproportionately impacted on the credibility of the complainant, rather than the culpability of the defendant, and that future messages must emphasise the responsibility placed on defendants to take proactive steps in ensuring consent.
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Johnson, Amanda B. "Booze at the Brothel: Alcohol-Related Artifacts and their use in Performance at the 27/29 Endicott Street Brothel." W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626684.
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Afanasyeva, Victoria. "Cherchez la femme : histoire du mouvement antialcoolique en France (1835-2013)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H024.
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L’idée de fonder des sociétés de tempérance se fait jour en France à partir des années 1830, au moment où les premières associations de ce type apparaissent dans les pays anglophones. Le mouvement antialcoolique français naît à la fin du XIXe siècle, mais les contours de l’adversaire restent flous jusqu’à la Première Guerre mondiale : les militants s’engagent tantôt pour la tempérance, tantôt contre l’alcoolisme, sans définir ces notions. Les femmes sont présentes dans les associations antialcooliques de cette époque, mais leur action reste peu visible. Durant les conflits 14-18, l’alcool – les boissons distillées et titrant de plus de 23° – est déclaré « l’ennemi de l’intérieur » et il est activement combattu par les antialcoolistes et notamment par l’Union des Françaises contre l’alcool. Le vin et les autres boissons fermentées sont épargnés pendant toute la période de l’entre-deux-guerres et durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. À partir des années 1950, l’idée que toutes les boissons alcoolisées sont potentiellement nocives commence à s’affirmer lentement dans l’opinion publique. L’État s’engage dans la lutte contre l’alcoolisme : son objectif est la prévention. Dès lors les associations antialcooliques se réinventent sans cesse, essayant de se conformer aux nouvelles tendances en matière de prévention. En ce qui concerne les femmes, leurs engagements évoluent aussi au prisme de l’acquisition du droit de vote, du baby-boom des Trente Glorieuses et de la médiatisation de l’alcoolisme fémininIdeas on temperance societies began to circulate in France from the 1830s, when the first associations of this type appeared in English-speaking countries. The French temperance movement was formed at the end of the 19th century, but the contours of its adversary remained unclear until the First World War: activists fought both for temperance and against alcoholism, without defining these notions. Women were engaged in associations of that time, but their action was hardly visible. During the War 14-18, the alcohol – distilled drinks and drinks with a titer of more than 23° – was declared "the enemy of the interior" and was actively combated by temperance activists and in particular by the Union of French women against alcohol. Wine and other fermented beverages avoided attacks throughout the interwar period and during the Second World War. From the 1950s, the idea that all alcoholic beverages are potentially harmful began to assert slowly in public opinion. The state started the fight against alcoholism: its objective was the prevention of health. Therefore, temperance associations were obliged, and still are, to reinvent themselves, trying to conform to new trends in health prevention sphere. Women activities also shifted, due to major social changes as the acquisition of the right to vote, the baby boom of the Thirty Glorious Years and the media coverage of female alcoholism
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Cast, Andrea Snowden. "Women drinking in early modern England." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc346.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 320-415) Investigates female drinking patterns and how they impacted on women's lives in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in early modern England. Deals with female drinking as a site of contention between insubordinate women and the dominant paradigm of male expectations about drinking and drunkeness. Female drinking patterns integrated drinking and drunkeness into women's lives in ways that enhanced bonding with their female friends, even if it inconvenienced their husbands and male authorities. Drunken sociability empowered women.
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LaCerva, Daniel Anthony. "Purepècha y Pescado: Food, Status, and Conquest in 16th Century Michoacán." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1503004991079327.
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Koper, Marcel, and thekopers@gmail com. "Clinical supervision in the Alcohol and Other Drugs sector as conducted by external supervisors under a social work framework: Is it effective?" RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091106.113121.
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In this thesis, I explore the impact and effectiveness of clinical supervision provided by external clinical supervisors, on workers from a variety of practice backgrounds in a residential rehabilitation centre, in the AOD sector. This thesis uses the framework of social work supervision, as defined by Kadushin (1985; 2002), with the administrative, educative and supportive elements. The research focuses closely on the latter two elements. For this purpose, I employ qualitative research methods, via a triangulation of methods, being guided by Participatory Action Research (PAR) and then conducting semi-structured interviews and focus groups as well as acting as a participant observer, to gather the data. The data was analysed using grounded theory. This research was based upon a clinical supervision project that was fully funded and provided free clinical supervision by external supervisors, providing both individual and group supervision, for a period of 10 months. There were a total of 16 respondents with varied roles and training backgrounds as well as an additional six supervisors, interviewed throughout different stages of the project. The various roles undertaken by me throughout the research process provided essential viewpoints on supervision, as well as the place of boundaries and need for support. The power of such a large scale intervention is discussed and ultimately highlights and identifies the particular benefits of supervision in this research arena. This thesis places clinical supervision in the context of workforce development in the Alcohol and Other Drug (AOD) sector. Thus, while this research elucidates a number of benefits and the factors involved with this experience, the clear separation of other modalities such as training, mentoring and Critical Incident debriefing are seen as integral additional avenues of support and professional development. This research concludes also with what the difficulties and hindrances were for people to continue with regular ongoing clinical supervision, and warrants the argument for interminable supervision in this setting. This research points to an overall paucity of literature on efficacy studies, especially in the AOD context in Australia. This research significantly adds to this dearth and examines the factors unique to the AOD sector in Australia, as well as what factors make for effective supervision. The particular impact of external supervisors and group supervision are explored, which underwrites the forwarded concept of a customised supervision for this setting. By making explicit in this research what the efficacy is on those new to supervision, it provides greater clarity for future studies. A number of recommendations are proposed as result of this research. New definitions of the supportive function of supervision and of clinical supervision are forwarded, as is a new look at the evolving history of social work supervision. This thesis highlights the impact of external supervisors and the unique contribution they offer.
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Znaien, Nessim Yoann Aly. "Les raisins de la domination : histoire sociale de l’alcool en Tunisie à l’époque du Protectorat (1881-1956)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H109.
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La présente thèse interroge l'influence de la colonisation française dans la culture alimentaire en Tunisie sous le Protectorat (1881-1956). Nous avons choisi de nous concentrer sur l'alcool, et nous tentons plus précisément, de savoir s'il y a une alcoolisation de la Tunisie sous le Protectorat français (1881-1956), c'est-à dire une augmentation du volume d'alcool consommé et un nouvel intérêt pour ce produit dans la société tunisienne. Pour cela, nous interrogeons les sources journalistiques, littéraires, judiciaires, policières, hospitalières, ainsi que la correspondance de la haute administration. Ces différents documents nous permettent de mieux définir la mise en place d'une industrie agro-alimentaire viticole en Tunisie avec la colonisation française, les différents réseaux commerciaux d'écoulement des alcools, ainsi que les différentes habitudes de consommation. Dans ce dernier domaine, les métissages alimentaires, les tentatives de prohibition, les résistances ainsi que les acculturations en matière de consommation d'alcool sont interrogés. La mise en lumière de ces sociétés liées à l'alcool, des producteurs aux consommateurs, permet d'interroger des rapports sociaux à l'œuvre dans la société tunisienne de l'époque, qui sont autant de rapport de domination ou d'échange entre différents individus, non nécessairement liés à l'entreprise colonialeThis PHD deals with the influence of the French colonizers on food culture in Tunisia during the French Protectorate (1881-1956). I chose to focus on alcohol and to try to know if an improvement of alcohol consumption and of the public interest from the elites can be noted, for example for public drunkenness. For it, I use different archives from newspapers, novels, judicial, police and hospitals administrations and I read different letters exchanged by the high administration. Thanks to these documents, I try to define the implementation of a wine industry in Tunisia in the beginning of colonization. Secondly, I try to understand more the different alcohol trade networks and consumption habits at that time. For habits consumption I question the different cultural mixing, attempts to prohibit alcohol, acculturations and resistances. These different questions are some ways to look at social groups, from producers to alcohol consumers, and to examine social exchanged or dominances reports, not always linked with the phenomenon of colonization
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Ariel, Idan. "Social Situations and Alcohol: The Effect of Social Context on Alcohol Expectancies." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3955.
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Alcohol is one of the most widely used recreational drugs in the United States today, despite being associated with a myriad of negative effects. Alcohol consumption occurs most frequently within social contexts, and seems to be strongly related to many social factors. It is known that an individual's expectations of the effects of alcohol influences his/her drinking behavior, and that social alcohol expectancies are some of the most frequently reported expectancies. In this study, we explored the relationship between alcohol expectancies and social influences by examining whether exposure to a social context would differentially activate alcohol expectancies. 115 young-adult male participants were exposed to either a social context or a control condition. Subsequently, participants' alcohol expectancies were assessed using both explicit and implicit measurements. Differences between conditions were found on the implicit expectancy measure (a free association task) but not on the explicit expectancy measures. Results from the free association task indicated that participants who were exposed to a social context were more likely to report positive and arousing words in response to the prompt "alcohol makes me _______". These differences suggest that exposure to a social context may not overtly change individuals' alcohol expectancies, but may increase the availability of positive and arousing alcohol expectancies. This increase in availability of positive and arousing expectancies may explain one of the mechanisms involved in deciding to engage in social drinking.
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Lant, Ginger M. "Social Learning and Alcohol." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626233.
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Bennertz, Rafael 1984. "The brazilian ethanol car = A sociotechnical analysis = O carro brasileiro a álcool: uma análise sociotecnica." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287763.
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Orientador: Lea Maria Leme Strini VelhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: Esta tese apresenta a história do carro a álcool no Brasil, a partir de uma perspectiva sociotécnica, informada por estudos conduzidos nos campos dos Estudos Sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia, Dinâmicas da Inovação, e Politicas de Ciência e Tecnologia. A história do carro a álcool no Brasil desde o início do século XX é interessante por si só e merece ser recontada. Ao tratar o carro a álcool como uma configuração sociotécnica e traçando a sua jornada inovativa, mais aspectos do desenvolvimento se tornam visíveis: o emaranhamento dos desenvolvimentos técnicos, econômicos e sociais (Capítulo 1); a importância do discurso sobre o Carro a Álcool Brasileiro e como ele se tornou uma entidade discursiva por si só (Capítulo 2); o papel especial que teve o estado Brasileiro em estimular o desenvolvimento do carro a álcool e mantendo o seu enraizamento social (Capítulo 3); o declínio parcial do carro a álcool depois de 1989 e seu re-avivamento noutra forma, o carro flex, que ilustra que não é a substituição de velhas por novas tecnologias, mas uma colcha de retalhos de velhas e novas tecnologias em continua evolução (Capítulo 4). A jornada inovativa do carro a álcool no Brasil, incluindo suas várias não-linearidades, começou com a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento conduzido no Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, foi menos visível nas décadas de 1950 e de 1960s, e depois se tornou novamente importante nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, como uma resposta para a crise do petróleo de 1973 e para a dependência brasileira em petróleo. Por causa das mudanças nos contextos econômicos e políticos, ele quase desaparece na década de 1990. Nos próximos três capítulos foca-se a análise em três aspectos chaves da dinâmica sociotécnica na jornada inovativa do carro a álcool. O capítulo 2 trata do Carro a Álcool como uma entidade discursiva presente nas páginas da revista automotiva Quatro Rodas, que ao se tornar uma referência constante na revista reforçava o momentum para o desenvolvimento tecnológico do carro a álcool no Brasil. No capítulo 3 mostra-se como o estado Brasileiro macro-orquestrou o carro a álcool, conduzindo pesquisas e desenvolvimentos para o desenvolvimento do artefato sociotécnico e ao mesmo tempo criando as condições para o enraizamento social do carro. O capítulo 4 reconstrói o declínio do carro a álcool durante a década de 1990 e a emergência do carro flex durante a década de 2000 como uma colcha de retalhos de velhas e novas tecnologias em continua evolução. Nas conclusões, se dá novamente destaque à importância da abordagem multi-nível, assim como também o modo como a jornada inovativa do carro a álcool no Brasil foi moldada pelo regime tecnológico do automóvel, o regime nacional de inovação, e por novas constituencies de design e de manutenção, que em contra-partida foram modificadas pelo que aconteceu na jornada inovativa do carro a álcool no Brasil. Assim, esta tese não apenas apresenta uma reconstrução do desenvolvimento do carro a álcool no Brasil, mas também dá destaque à importantes elementos da jornada inovativa em contexto e contribui para os Estudos Sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia, Dinâmicas da Inovação, e Políticas de Ciência e Tecnologia
Abstract: This thesis presents the history of the ethanol car in Brazil, analyzing it from a sociotechnical perspective, informed by scholarly work in Social Studies of Science, Innovation Dynamics and Science and Technology Policy. The history of the ethanol car in Brazil since the early twentieth century until today is interesting in its own right and deserves to be retold. By treating the ethanol car as a sociotechnical configuration and tracing its innovation journey, further aspects of the development become visible: the entanglement of technical, economic and social developments (Chapter 1); the importance of the discourse about the Brazilian Ethanol Car and how it became a discursive entity in its own right (Chapter 2); the special role of the Brazilian state in stimulating the development of the ethanol car and ensuring its embedding in society (Chapter 3); the partial decline of the ethanol car after 1989 and its revival in another form, the Flexible Fuel Vehicle, which illustrates that it is not substitution of old by new technologies, but an evolving patchwork of old and new technologies (Chapter 4). The innovation journey of the ethanol car, including various non-linearities, started as a research and development project conducted at the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, was less visible in the 1950s and 1960s, and then became important in the 1970s and the 1980s, as a response to the 1973 oil crisis and Brazil¿s dependence on imported oil. Because of changing economic and political contexts, it almost disappeared during the 1990s. In the next three chapters I zoom in on three key dynamics of sociotechnical development in the innovation journey of the ethanol car. Chapter 2 treats the Brazilian Ethanol Car as a discursive entity present on the pages of the automobile magazine Quatro Rodas, that by becoming a recurrent reference in the magazine reinforced the momentum for the technological development of the ethanol car in Brazil. In Chapter 3 it is shown how the Brazilian state macro-enacted the ethanol car, that is, at the same time conducting research for the development of the sociotechnical artifact, and creating the conditions for the societal embedding of the car. Chapter 4 reconstructs the decline of the ethanol car during the 1990s and the emergence of the flex-fuel vehicle during the 2000s as an evolving patchworks of old and new technologies, and argues that this is the general phenomenon encompassing different specific patterns. In the conclusion, the importance of the multi-level approach is highlighted again, as well as the way the innovation journey of the ethanol car in Brazil was shaped by the automobile technological regime, the national innovation regime, and by new design and maintenance constituencies, which in their turn were modified by what happened in the innovation journey of the ethanol car in Brazil. Thus, this thesis not only offers a sociotechnical reconstruction of the development of the ethanol car in Brazil, but also, by highlighting important elements of innovation journeys in context and taking part in the reflections about the tools and approaches of the sociotechnical perspective, contributes to the scholarly fields of social studies of science and technology, innovation dynamics and science and technology policy studies
Doutorado
Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica
Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica
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Edman, Johan. "Torken : tvångsvården av alkoholmissbrukare i Sverige 1940-1981." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-35.
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This dissertation investigates compulsory care of alcohol abusers in Sweden during the years 1940 to 1981. The purposes of the dissertation are twofold: in part to determine the concrete forms which care services for alcohol abusers took during the years focused on, in part to analyze what connections existed between the development of services and conceptions of the reasons for, consequences of and possible solutions to alcohol abuse. One point of departure is that the problem was defined with respect to the interests of influential social actors, and with respect to a very particular view of what a respectable life (free of social problems) was. Among the most influential actors involved in these social services, I argue for a focus not least on so-called “street-level bureaucrats”, with direct influence on the goals and methods of institutional care. The study is thus oriented towards mapping the development of problem definitions and formulation within the praxis of compulsory care in four institutionalized care establishments for alcohol abusers. This development is contrasted to broader trends of institutional and discursive development in the definition of alcohol abuse as a social problem. The legislation regulating compulsory care has constantly been founded upon assumptions of the social damage caused by alcohol abuse. At the level of concepts or discourse the consequences of causes for and solutions to alcohol abuse were initially defined in terms of individual morality, with definitions subsequently developing so as to depart from more medicalized terminology. Towards the end of the period the problem descriptions became focused on societal dysfunctions and reforms as the respective causes of and solutions to societally problematic alcohol abuse. At the level of treatment focused upon in the dissertation, societal explanations of alcohol problems departing from societal dysfunctions as causes thereof, and societal reforms as solutions, have never been fully integrated in care services praxis. This was not the case for the simple reason that these care activities, as such, were developed to deal with individuals rather than with society. Neither did a medicalized perspective come to dominate institutionalized care during the period studied – something which can be explained not least with the fact that the perspective’s expansion was not attended by development of medical treatment methods which were convincing with respect to results of use. On one hand, concretely practiced compulsory care thus long remained dominated by problem definitions departing from inmates’ gender-specific moral qualities. On the other hand, certain elements of a more resource-oriented and societal-reformist perspective can certainly be distinguished in the development of care services, albeit on the special terms associated with service implementation in the field. In conclusion, the historical development of care services for alcohol abusers shows that alcohol abuse need not necessarily, or primarily, be seen as a problem having to do with individuals’ relationship with alcohol. Other definitions of the problem have focused upon individuals’ relationship also to working life, the family, sexual morals, the gender order, or capitalist oppression. The problem has been seen as a workers’ and poverty problem, a problem of families and violence, a medical problem, or a symptom of societal problems. Causes have been sought in the character of individuals, the ways in which they have been raised or not raised, their spiritual life, their metabolism, their genetic material, their socioeconomic environment, gender and family situation. The proposed solutions have included everything from work, organized coffee breaks, medicines, psychotherapy and democracy to piece-rate wages, no wages, collective care, or solitary confinement. Alcohol itself has been a secondary factor in the problem definitions which have let themselves be attached – either via perceived links of cause or of effect – to more overarching social issues.Sammanfattning på engelska med titeln: The rehab : compulsory care of alcohol abusers in Sweden 1940-1981
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Bossano, Huby Ariana. "La publicidad social: Alcohol y drogas." Canalé, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114036.
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Hevel, Michael Stephen. ""Betwixt brewings": a history of college students and alcohol." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1146.
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This dissertation offers a history of white college students' relationship with alcohol between 1820 and 1933. The years that frame this study represent a long crisis regarding alcohol in the United States. A dramatic rise in alcohol consumption began around 1800, the negative consequences of which led growing numbers of Americans, for the first time, to associate social evils with alcohol use. These initial realizations gave rise to a reform movement that ebbed and flowed over the next hundred years, reaching the pinnacle of its success in 1920, when national Prohibition became law. During this long century, college students' alcohol use often served as microcosm of developments within society.
This study relies primarily, though not exclusively, on three types of sources that provide different perspectives into both the behavior and the concerns of student drinking. Using a large collection of student diaries, chapters one and two consider college students' alcohol use in the forty years preceding the U.S. Civil War. Chapter one considers the behavioral patterns and significance of college men's drinking; chapter two focuses primarily on the influence of the temperance reform movement on college students. Chapter three considers depictions of student drinking in twenty-two "college novels"--works of fiction set predominantly on campuses with students as their protagonists--published between 1869 and 1933. Finally, chapter four draws on the surviving administrative records at four institutions to consider the effects on campus discipline of national Prohibition.
Across the nation's long century of conflict over alcohol, four themes emerge regarding college student drinking. First, drinking behaviors and attitudes toward alcohol on campus have long reflected those in the larger society. College students' alcohol use has generally mirrored that of adults in the segments of society from which they hailed or those hose ranks they wished to join upon graduation. The second theme is that the negative consequences of college student drinking have been ever-present and widespread. College students' alcohol use has resulted in negative health effects, interfered with their academic obligations, and coincided with vandalism and violence. Closely related to these negative consequences, college students' alcohol use has long presented problems to college authorities. These academic leaders primarily addressed alcohol-related misbehavior through the campus discipline process. Although college authorities enjoyed seemingly absolute discretion in terms of campus discipline, they seldom punished student drinkers harshly. Finally, drinking on campus has long been a mark of privilege. During all the years of this study, the heaviest and most regular alcohol use occurred at the institutions that enrolled the most privileged students, primarily eastern men's colleges. Within both elite and less prestigious institutions, wealthy white men consumed more alcohol than their less economically advantaged peers. By studying college students' alcohol use in relation to societal developments over a long century, the chapters that follow offer a largely untold story of student life and provide important perspective on our contemporary concerns.
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McKee, Sherry A. "Social learning determinants of alcohol outcome expectancies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0008/NQ40275.pdf.
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Williams, Michael R. R. "Alcohol dependency and individual differences." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57979/.
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This research dissertation is carried out on behalf of the Stauros Foundation, a Christian agency which endeavours to offer pastoral care and support to people with an alcohol dependency problem. The sample population consisted of 207 individuals who completed a questionnaire that covered five categories of interest, for example, background biographical, alcohol and family background, drinking habits, effects of drinking habits and perceived pastoral needs.
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Dunne, Rowan. "Levels of alcohol intoxication : an assessment of perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, practices and breath alcohol levels." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11960.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Throughout the world drunk drivers are responsible for numerous accidents resulting in the injury or death of many drivers, passengers, cyclists, and/or pedestrians. South Africa experiences very high rates of injuries and deaths from road accidents. Young people, especially students and their peers, represent a high risk group because of their inexperience on the roads, and the exacerbation of this risk when alcohol limits are exceeded. In order to determine students’ and their peers’ perceptions and cognisance of their degree of intoxication, and to assess their knowledge, attitudes and practices, survey data and measures of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) were collected from 229 young adults over nine evenings at a single pub frequented by students and their peers in a South African university city.
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Wallace, RIcky Reanell. "The study of the effects of religiosity on adolescent alcohol and drug use and alcohol-related problems." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2007. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1164.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of religiosity as a central feature on juvenile delinquents, ages 12-17, who are chronically involved with drugs and alcohol. An estimated 400,000 adolescents sought treatment for substance abuse, which does not include those who failed to come to the attention of parents, school officials, treatment providers, or researchers (Adger, 1991). It is hypothesized that religiosity will have minima] statistical significance in the lives of substance abuse adolescents.
Secondly, a positive relationship between several dimensions of parental and family religiosity is also predictive of adolescent substance use. Thirdly, a positive relationship exist between religiosity and violation of social norms and laws. Its findings suggest that despite drug abusing adolescents delusional ways of thinking about the world, they continue to embrace a sense of hope that something other than themselves [God, Allah, Buddha] can help them re-establish an intrinsic sense of equilibrium in their lives. Relationships with religious oriented friends as role models is found to have had a 1 protective impact on juvenile adolescents who are involved with substance use in this study. This study further highlights the need for more empirical-based treatment strategies in working with this target population that incorporates religiosity as a intervention strategy.
Key Terms:
Religiosity- supernatural power or spirit [God, Buddha, or Allah] who is the center of the universe and controls all natural and living organisms.
Spirituality- innate feeling of connectiveness to something greater than oneself that invokes a sense of serenity and peace of mind.
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Ataya, Alia. "Assessment of cognitive bias in social alcohol users." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555655.
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Aims: The presence of cognitive bias towards drug-related cues is thought to play a pivotal role in the maintenance of substance use related psychopathologies. The aims of this thesis were to investigate 1) the presence of cognitive bias; 2) the effects of acute alcohol consumption (0.0 g/kg, 0.13 g/kg, 0.40 glkg) on the presence of cognitive bias; 3) whether lexical or pictorial cues are more effective in eliciting cognitive bias 4) whether the pictorial cue (active, passive) employed influences the presence of cognitive bias; 5) the psychometric properties of cognitive bias measurements (modified Stroop task, visual probe task). Methods: Healthy, heavier and lighter social alcohol users (n = 412) were examined in a series of between-and-within subjects designs examining the presence of cognitive bias among social alcohol users. Results: A priming dose of alcohol influences the presence of cognitive bias on the modified Stroop task but not on the visual probe task contradictory to prior research. Cognitive bias was observed among passive stimuli in the pictorial version of the modified Stroop task only; tentatively suggesting that the presence of cognitive bias varies according to task (modified Stroop task, visual probe task), stimuli (lexical, pictorial) and pictorial cue (active, passive). Our data are also the first to indicate that the modified Stroop task is preferable to the visual probe task as a measure of alcohol-related cognitive bias, on the basis of its psychometric properties. Conclusions: Our data suggest the presence of cognitive bias varies according to the task employed (modified Stroop task, visual probe task), task design (presentation time, blocked or unblocked designs, and stimuli) and the psychometric properties of cognitive bias tasks (internal, test-retest reliability). Future research needs to focus on ensuring the construct validity of cognitive bias measurements. Studies using cognitive bias tasks should not assume they are reliable, and should routinely report reliability estimates where possible.
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Petersen, Alan R. "Alcohol, social policy and the state in Australia." Thesis, Petersen, Alan R. (1987) Alcohol, social policy and the state in Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1987. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51301/.
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This thesis examines policy and policy-making in the area of alcohol abuse and drink-driving in Australia. It aims to challenge dominant ideologies about alcohol abuse and to show how these ideologies inform and constrain social action. The thesis develops a specific theoretical analysis to account for approaches to policy-making by the state and to show, in particular, how these have become manifest in the development of a policy on drinking and driving in the state of Victoria. The most general and distinguishing feature of policy development in the alcohol area, it is contended, is the influence of medical ideology which sees social problems as arising from within the individual and also, most recently, in a philosophy which defines problems as the outcome of faulty life-styles. The major part of the thesis is concerned with showing how the focus on alcohol abuse is bound-up with 'individualization', and especially 'medicalization', of the problem of road traffic accidents and how this process has served to divert attention from an examination of the structural changes needed to overcome this problem. In conclusion, the thesis maps an alternative plan of action on alcohol-related problems. This plan will assist policy-makers. social workers and others working with the victims of alcohol abuse to exploit the 'contradictions' emerging within the late capitalist state.
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Heacock, Christine Hope. "Merrymaking at the Madisons': Feasting, Alcohol, and Political Strategy." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626714.
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Carlsson, Sofia. "Weight history, low birth weight, alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-471-2/.
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Yurasek, Allison M. "Family History, Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity as Predictors of Alcohol Abuse." Marietta College / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marietta1212534522.
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Mcmurray, Megan Victoria. "Pharmacological Versus Social Alcohol Expectancies: Making an Important Distinction between the Anticipated Rewarding Effects of Alcohol." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4542.
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Despite over 30 years of research investigating alcohol expectancies, they have never been examined in terms of the anticipated pharmacological versus social rewards resulting from alcohol consumption, and both appear to play a central role in drinking motivation and behavior. The purpose of this study was to develop a two-dimensional instrument designed to assess both the pharmacological alcohol expectancies of pleasurable, internal states that result from alcohol consumption, as well as the social expectancies that drinking alcohol will result in higher social status and increased effectiveness in social situations. This measure, called the Pharmacological and Social Alcohol Expectancy Scale (PSAES), was developed and validated in a college sample using a two-phase design with three separate samples. Phase I results demonstrated that a respecified model of the PSAES adequately fit the proposed two-dimensional factor structure and provided justification for the items representing two distinguishable domains: social and pharmacological. The measure was then used to 1) assess patterns of drinking expectancies at various drinker levels and 2) investigate whether known risk factors for alcohol use disorders differentiate scores on the two factors. Phase II results indicated that pharmacological and social expectancies are both significantly positively associated with drinking behavior, and that sensation-seeking is significantly associated with pharmacological expectancies. The PSAES represents the first alcohol expectancy instrument to provide adequate coverage of pharmacological expectancies. Implications and limitations are discussed.
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Ehrhart, Ian James. "Alcohol Expectancies and Self-Efficacy as Moderators of Social Anxiety and Alcohol Use Among College Students." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32005.
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Social anxiety is widely thought to be positively associated with alcohol use. However, these studies rely primarily on self-report of drinking behavior. This research aimed to further explore this research by assessing blood alcohol concentration (BAC), a physiological measure of alcohol intoxication, as the dependent measure in naturalistic settings (i.e., fraternity parties). Results from Study 1 suggest a weak relationship between self-reported anxiety levels and BAC. Study 2 was based on Burke and Stephenâ s (1999) proposed social cognitive model in which alcohol expectancies and drink-refusal self-efficacy act as moderators of the relationship between dispositional social anxiety and alcohol consumption. Analyses (n=86) did not support a relationship between social anxiety and alcohol use, nor the moderating effects of alcohol expectancies and drink-refusal self-efficacy. Implications for this type of research and possible future directions are discussed.Master of Science
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Bromley, Katie Rachael. "Exploring the prevalence of developmental reading difficulties in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7796.
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Background. As part of a large ongoing research programme concerned with the teratogenic effects prenatal alcohol exposure has on the developing brain, this study investigated whether developmental reading difficulties are present in school-going children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Whereas the diagnostic facial anomalies associated with FASD are well documented, cognitive deficits remain largely unexplored. Some neuropsychological reviews include deficits in reading as part of the FASD cognitive profile; however, the extant empirical research investigating reading abilities in children with FASD is limited. Therefore, the specific objectives of the current study were to explore the prevalence and characteristics of developmental reading skill deficits in a sample of children with FASD. Methods. Participants were 46 children (9-13 years) who had previously been diagnosed as either prenatally exposed or non-exposed. Of the 32 exposed children, 7 met the criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), 3 met the criteria for partial FAS (pFAS) and 22 did not meet the criteria for diagnosis of FAS/pFAS but were still heavily exposed (and were thus characterized as âother heavily exposedâ, or OHE). All participants were administered the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability (NARA; a measure of reading speed, accuracy, and comprehension) and the Phonological Assessment Battery (PhAB; a measure of phonological awareness, processing speed and fluency). Independent samples t-tests and one-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were performed to determine if there were statistically significant between-group differences in a two-group (exposed versus non-exposed) or three-group (FAS/pFAS versus OHE versus control) comparison. Multiple regression-based analyses were performed to determine if a relationship existed between a continuous measure of prenatal alcohol exposure and the outcome measures. Within each of these analyses an estimate of IQ was used to determine if the effects seen were present even with that covariate taken into account. Results. None of the two- or three-group analyses showed any statistical significance on the PhAB or NARA outcome variables. Participants in the FAS/pFAS and OHE groups performed significantly differently on the PhAB non-phonological fluency performance measure; this between-group difference was not in the predicted direction, however, and probably resulted from artifactual factors. Results from the multiple regression-based analyses showed that associations between the predictor variable (level of prenatal alcohol exposure) and two outcome variables (phonological production speed and reading rate abilities) approached, but did not reach, statistical significance. 7 Conclusion. Overall, the data suggest that impairments in phonological awareness, phonological processing speed, verbal fluency, and developmental reading difficulties are not characteristic of the cognitive profile of children with FASD. These findings are not conclusive, however, due to several limitations in the current study. These limitations are discussed and provide interesting insight into the process of assessing phonological abilities and reading skills in this population. Further research, using a broader range of assessment tools and a larger sample size, is necessary in order to provide a more detailed and definitive analysis of these abilities. Nonetheless, the current study shows that the evaluation of reading and phonological disorders in FASD is an important and worthwhile endeavour.
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Hawker, Rodney George. "Lone parenting, alcohol use and child welfare." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275893.
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Carter, Ashlee C. "Examining the Interface between Alcohol Expectancies, Psychophysiological Reactivity to Alcohol Picture Cues, and Risk for Substance Use Disorders." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1591.
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The study examined the overlap between cognitive and affective measures of alcohol expectancies as they related to risk for developing alcohol use disorders. It was hypothesized that cognitive-based, paper-and-pencil measures and appetitive psychophysiological reactivity to alcohol cues would correlate and independently correlate to drinking behavior in a sample of college drinkers. It was also hypothesized that genetic risk would impact the relationship between upstream and downstream expectancy measures, given that children of alcoholics displayed blunted reactivity to appetitive cues.
A sample of 137 college drinkers (67 males; mean age = 20.23 ± 1.61) reporting a range of drinking behavior (mean quantity/occasion = 4.03 ± 2.34; mean frequency/month = 6.24 ± 4.31) and genetic risk for alcohol use disorders (47 children of alcoholics) participated in this study. The cue reactivity paradigm included the measurement of skin conductance, cardiac response, and acoustic startle eyeblink response to a randomized sequence of alcohol and neutral pictures. Questionnaires and interviews assessed alcohol expectancies, family history, drinking behavior, and risk.
Findings revealed that cognitive and affective measures shared modest overlap in the overall sample, such that sedating and negative alcohol expectancies were positively correlated with less appetitive early acoustic startle response. However, alcohol expectancies were not significantly correlated with any of the remaining psychophysiological measures. Further, affective measures were not related to drinking behavior, indicating failure to detect drinking variance in a sample of college drinkers.
Findings also indicated that genetic risk impacted the relationship between cognitive and affective measures of expectancy. Specifically, children of alcoholics (COAs) displayed stronger relationships between both positive and negative expectancies and early startle response than their peers. Further, COA Status moderated the relationship between early startle response and Social/Physical Pleasure and Positive/Arousing alcohol expectancies.
This dissertation provided evidence that cognitive and affective measures of alcohol expectancies shared modest overlap, indicating that expectancy subscales and early acoustic startle response tapped into the same expectancy construct. Further, genetic risk moderated the strength of relationships between upstream and downstream expectancy measures, which were stronger in children of alcoholics. Overall, affective measures of expectancy were more sensitive to expectancy variation in high-risk college drinkers.
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Bloom, Chelsea. "The Mechanism of Social Network Spread of Alcohol Consumption." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1430512593.
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Gustafsson, Nina-Katri. "Bridging the world alcohol policy in transition and diverging alcohol patterns in Sweden /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-38858.
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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: In press. Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Submitted. Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Rosillo, Calle Francisco. "The Brazilian National Alcohol Programme : a technological perspective." Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15167/.
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Kutil, Devin A. "An Exploratory Analysis of Botswana Alcohol Consumption and Policy Focusing on The Botswana Alcohol Tax Levy." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1552015.
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Should the power to address the socio-cultural and political issue of alcohol consumption and regulation lay in that of the legislators or, the legislated? I propose that when alcohol legislation and regulation - The Botswana Alcohol Tax Levy are formed without invested cooperation from the general population, often the policy is non-sustainable and subject to change. The sustainability of the policy is primarily measured on its efficiency and effectiveness at addressing alcohol consumption and abuse. The failure to both reduce alcohol consumption and fund alcohol preventative care brings forth the conversations regarding needed change. My analysis provides the local and global implications alcohol consumption and regulation has had in Botswana, the United States, and the United Kingdom with an in-depth Policy Analysis Matrix directly discussing the Botswana Alcohol Tax Levy. The Tax Levy and other regulations created by the government have often overlooked the ground-level realities of the social issues regarding alcohol consumption, at the expense of the general populace overall health. The traditions and cultural heritage of alcohol, in regards to the Botswana people, cannot be under-mined. From my analysis, most of the issues arising from legislation stem from the discrepancies found between European Western Developmental practices and Botswana Traditional practices and law. The analysis highlights that the current position the government is taking in regards to alcohol consumption and regulation is ill informed. The current Alcohol Tax Levy neither lessens the consumption patterns of the population. Nor, does the Levy help to alleviate the current social problems excessive alcohol consumption is having in Botswana.
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Gupta, Himanshu. "Social Media Alcohol Marketing and Its Impact on Young People’s Alcohol Use: A Comparison between India and Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/75665.
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A cross-national comparison of 1) marketing strategies used by leading Indian and Australian alcohol brands on their official social media (SM) pages and 2) the association between exposure to SM alcohol marketing and alcohol use among young Indians and Australians, was conducted. Results suggest that alcohol companies tailor strategies to specific national contexts to engage users with these strategies. Significant associations were identified between alcohol-related content posted on SM and young people’s alcohol use.
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Pennock, Pamela Ehresman. "Public health, morality, and commercial free expression : efforts to control cigarette and alcohol marketing, 1950s-1980s /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486402544589703.
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Cooper, Ann. "Social experience, depression, and alcohol abuse in college age females." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/675.
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Past research has explored social experience in relation to depression among college females. Other studies have investigated the relationship between social experience and alcohol use among college students. However, there is a lack of research on the relationship among all the three variables, social experience, depression, and alcohol use, in female college students. In the present study, 132 traditional age female college students completed a Brief Social Experience Rating Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). The results did not show a relationship between AUDIT scores and social experience ratings, but individuals who provided dissatisfied ratings of their social experience had higher depression scores falling into the clinical depression range on the BDI.B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Williams, Benjamin Craig. "Exploring methods to enable responsible alcohol consumption in social environments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105656.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 19).
With the recent rise in alcohol related incidents and deaths in the United States we have seen new technologies and tools to try to reduce the number of these occurrences. Apps such as Uber are only a click away from being able to pick up an intoxicated person at a party and there is research being done at Washington University on an application to communicate with your friends that you are too drunk while at a party based on Transdermal Alcohol Content (TAC). This thesis presents an idea and initial feasibility experiments for an affordable one-night-use wristband that would be able to change colors based on your TAC and encourage wearers to be aware of how much alcohol they have actually consumed throughout the night, with the goal of reducing the number of incidents and deaths.
by Benjamin Craig Williams.
S.B.
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Baggott, I. R. "The politics of public health : Alcohol, politics and social policy." Thesis, University of Hull, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384641.
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Williams, Carl David. "Personal Projects and Alcohol Use: An Integrative Social Cognitive Approach." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42652.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the potential for unwanted consequences, college students continue to drink at high rates. Greater than 80% of college students drink alcohol and about 40% engage in occasions of heavy episodic drinking. Heavy episodic drinking among college students is associated with increased instances of verbal confrontations, physical fights, unprotected sex, vandalism, and driving while under the influence.
From a dynamic ecological perspective, goals represent a context in which drinking and all other endeavors occur, as well as a third social cognitive variable worthy of investigation in alcohol studies. As a technology for studying goal constructs, personal projects (Little, 1983; 1987; 1998) are embodiments of desired attainments an individual is trying to actualize. The present study examined the ability of goal constructs (i.e., personal project attributes)to explain drinking variance, both in combination and beyond known social cognitive determinants of alcohol use.
In a cross-sectional sample of 104 male and 96 female college students, results indicated that alcohol self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of alcohol consumption (b = -.38; p < .01), followed by goal involvement (b = -.23; p < .01) and negative drinking expectancies (b = -.12; p < .05). Positive drinking expectancies (b = -.42; p < .01) and goal efficacy (b = .15; p < .05) were significant determinants of alcohol efficacy. The complete model explained 33% of the variance in drinking, as measured by a 90-day timeline follow-back. The unique and indirect contributions of goal involvement are major findings of the study, indicating the viability of a dynamic ecological approach within the SCT framework.Master of Science
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Day, Jennifer Marie Correia Christopher J. "Alcohol use and social anxiety in a college student population." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1306.
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Holloway, Jennifer L. "Mechanisms Mediating Social Enhancement of Alcohol Intake in the Rat." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626234.
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Adams, Sally. "Effects of acute alcohol consumption on impulsivity and motivational salience for alcohol cues in light and heavy social drinkers." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.541617.
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Grisso, Megan R. "ALCOHOL USE AND THE OLDER ADULT: ADDRESSING OLDER ADULTS’ PERCEPTIONS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/145.
Full textAbstract:
In order to create more efficient, useful alcohol treatment and intervention methods tailored specifically for the older population, it is important to understand the reasons that older adults perceive that they consume alcohol. For this reason, this study explored older adults’ perceptions regarding why they use alcohol. Older adults, age 60 and older, were surveyed through questionnaires completed at senior community centers within San Bernardino County. This was a mixed method design that used qualitative and quantitative analysis for the purpose of exploring the most frequently reported reasons for why older adults use alcohol. The main finding of the study is that older adults in the sample most frequently reported using alcohol for “having fun and celebration” and for “social reasons.” However, it is important to note that older adults reported a variety of motivations for using alcohol. Further research is suggested to determine correlations between demographics, alcohol use patterns, and older adults’ perceptions of why they use alcohol.