Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social history – history – Serbia'
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Mikuš, Marek. "What reform? : civil societies, state transformation and social antagonism in 'European Serbia'." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/788/.
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This thesis examines a set of intentional transformations of the government of society and individuals in the globalising (‘Europeanising’) and neoliberalising Serbia in 2010–11. It asks two closely related kinds of question about these ‘reforms’ – first, what reform is really there, of what depth, and second, whose reform is it, in and against whose interests? This inquiry strives to identify some of the dominant transformational tendencies and resistances to these, and to relate these governmental projects and their actual achievements to the conflicted interests and identities in Serbian society that undergoes profound restructuring in the context of a prolonged economic decline and political crisis. Based on ethnographic engagements with various kinds of nongovernmental organisations, social movements and public institutions, the reforms are traced at the interface of the ‘state’ and ‘civil society’ so as to examine how their mutual relations are being reimagined and boundaries redrawn. Civil society is conceptualised, building on anthropological and Gramscian approaches, as a set of ideas and practices that continually reconstitute and mediate the relationships of ‘state,’ ‘society’ and ‘economy,’ and which reproduce as well as challenge domination by consent – cultural and ideological hegemony. While a particular liberal understanding of civil society has become hegemonic in Serbia, in social reality there is a plurality of ‘civil societies’ – scenes of associational practice that articulate diverse visions of a legitimate social order and perceive each other as antagonists rather than parts of a single harmonious civil society. The discourses and practices of three such scenes – liberal, nationalist and post-Yugoslav – and their relationships to the perspectives and interests of various social groups are examined in order to identify some of the key moments of social antagonism about reform in contemporary Serbia.
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Cosovschi, Agustin. "Pensando en la crisis en la periferia : las ciencias sociales en Serbia y Croacia durante la disolución de Yugoslavia." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH061/document.
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En puisant dans différentes traditions de l’histoire intellectuelle et en faisant appel au savoir cumulé par la sociologie des intellectuels, la thèse propose un examen critique de l’univers des sciences sociales en Serbie et en Croatie, de leur production et de leurs reconfigurations, durant la dissolution yougoslave, en se concentrant sur la période qui va de la disparition de la Ligue des Communistes de Yougoslavie en 1990, à la fin de la guerre en Bosnie en 1995. La recherche reconstruit et analyse dans un premier temps quelques-uns des principaux débats et réflexions développés dans le monde scientifique et intellectuel yougoslave et (post)yougoslave depuis la période socialiste, sur la base de publications périodiques, de livres et de travaux inédits. L’étude se concentre notamment sur la période de la dissolution du pays et elle examine en détail les réflexions des sciences sociales autour des grandes problématiques des années 1990, telles que la guerre, la montée du nationalisme, la transition politique et économique et enfin, les nouvelles manières de penser la modernisation à l’époque de la globalisation. Dans un second temps, à partir d’entretiens en profondeur menés avec des chercheurs et à partir de documents institutionnels, matériaux statistiques et documents de presse, la recherche décrit et analyse le monde des sciences sociales dans la République Fédérale Socialiste de Yougoslavie, ainsi que ses reconfigurations pendant la crise et la dissolution du pays. La thèse s’intéresse surtout aux transformations des conditions de production des chercheurs dans la première moitié des années 1990, une période caractérisée par l’effondrement du système socialiste, le début de la guerre dans la région, la rupture des liens de coopération panyougoslaves, la crise économique, la montée de l’autoritarisme et le recul général de l’espace (post)yougoslave dans le système mondialDrawing from different traditions of intellectual history, as well as from the sociology of intellectuals, the dissertation proposes a critical examination of the univers of social sciences in Serbia and Croatia, their production and reconfiguration, during the breakup of Yugoslavia. The work focuses on the period that goes from the dissolution of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in 1990 to the end of the war in Bosnia in 1995. On the one hand, the research reconstructs and analyses some of the main debates and reflections that took place in the Yugoslav and (post)Yugoslav scientific and intellectual world from the socialist period onwards, drawing from scientific journals, books and unpublished works. The study focuses especially on the period of the country's disintegration, examining in detail the reflections in social sciences around some of the main issues of the 1990s such as war, nationalism, political and economic transition and new approaches to modernization characteristic of the era of globalisation. On the oher hand, ressorting to in-depth interviews conducted with researchers, as well as institutional documents, statistical materials and sources from the press, the research describes and analyzes the world of social sciences in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its reconfigurations during the crisis and dissolution of the country. The thesis particularly addresses the transformations that took place in the conditions of production for local researchers during the early 1990s, a period that was characterized by the collapse of the socialist system, the beginning of war in the region, the breakup of panyugoslav scientific and intellectual links, economic crisis, the rise of authoritarianism and the general regression of the (post)Yugoslav space in the global system
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Gabbard, Sonnet D'Amour Gabbard. "Old Ties and New Binds: LGBT Rights, Homonationalisms, Europeanization and Post-War Legacies in Serbia." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503313435659318.
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Lucas, Anne M. "Strategic Nonviolence and Humor: Their Synergy and Its Limitations: A Case Study of Nonviolent Struggle led by Serbia’s Otpor." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1292889981.
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Tomić, Đorđe. ""Phantomgrenzen" in Zeiten des Umbruchs." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17174.
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Der Zerfall des sozialistischen Jugoslawien ließ aus seinen acht föderalen Einheiten sieben neue Staaten ent-stehen. Die einzige bislang unerforschte Ausnahme ist dabei die Autonome Provinz Vojvodina, die weiterhin ein Teil Serbiens bleibt, wenn auch mit einer erheblich eingeschränkten Autonomie. Insbesondere Fragen nach Qualität bzw. Quantität der Autonomie waren Gegenstand heftiger politischer Auseinandersetzungen in der Vojvodina seit Ende der 1980er Jahre. Die politischen Unterschiede zwischen den „Autonomisten“ in der Provinz, die sich auch in den 1990ern für eine breite Autonomie einsetzten, und der Belgrader Zentralregierung, deren Macht auf der Idee eines starken vereinten Serbiens beruhte, wurden von den ersteren zunehmend als historisch vorbestimmte kulturelle Differenzen ausgelegt, die hier als „Phantomgrenzen“ untersucht werden. In Form verschiedener symbolisch verknüpfter Aussagen über die historische Besonderheit der Bevölkerung, Wirtschaft und Kultur der Vojvodina wurden die politischen Forderungen nach mehr Autonomie wiederholt bekräftigt. Diese wiederum wurde auch als Schutz vor dem und Gegenmodell zum erstarkten serbischen Nationalismus der „Ära Milošević“ dargestellt. Im Laufe der inzwischen mehr als zwei Jahrzehnte fügten sich diese Deutungen zu einem neuen Autonomiediskurs zusammen. Wie dieser entstand, d.h. welche Akteure wie und zu welchen Zwecken die Phantomgrenzen der Vojvodina wieder auftauchen ließen, sowie welche Bedeutung die Autonomieidee in der Umbruchszeit der 1990er Jahre im Alltag der Menschen in der Vojvodina erlangte, sind zentrale Forschungsfragen der Fallstudie. Sie bietet damit nicht nur neue empirische Erkenntnisse zur Geschichte des jugoslawischen Staatszerfalls und der postsozialistischen Zeit in Südosteuropa, sondern ermöglicht mit dem verwendeten Modell der „Phantomgrenzen“ auch neue Einblicke in und allgemeine Aussagen über das Wiederauftauchen von Geschichte und historischen Grenzen in Osteuropa nach 1989.The breakup of socialist Yugoslavia led to the creation of seven new states out of its eight federal units. The only exception, until now unexplored, is the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, which remains a part of Serbia, although with a substantially restricted autonomy. Notably questions about the quality and quantity of autonomy have been a subject of heavy political conflicts in Vojvodina since the end of the 1980s. Political differences between the „autonomists“ in the province, who also during the 1990s advocated a broad autonomy, and the central government in Belgrade, whose power was based on the idea of a strong unified Serbia, the former increasingly presented as historically predetermined cultural differences, which are explored here as “phantom borders”. The political claims for more autonomy were thus repeatedly reinforced in terms of various symbolically connected statements about the historical distinctiveness of the population, economy and culture of Vojvodina. The autonomy in turn was also represented as an instrument of protection against and alternative model to the growing Serbian nationalism during the “Milošević era”. In the course of meanwhile more than two decades these interpretations merged into a new autonomy discourse. How this emerged, i.e. which agents made how and for what purposes the phantom borders of Vojvodina reappear, as well as what relevance the idea of autonomy gained during the period of radical change in the 1990s in everyday life of the people in Vojvodina are the central research questions of the case study. It hereby offers not only new empirical findings about the history of the breakup of the Yugoslav state and the post-socialist period in Southeastern Europe, but due to the used model of “phantom borders” also permits new insights into and general conclusions about the reappearance of history and historical borders in Eastern Europe after 1989.
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Pavasovic, Trost Tamara. "Dealing with the Past: History and Identity in Serbia and Croatia." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10422.
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This project analyzes the influence of history and myths in the construction of ethnic identity narratives by intellectuals and elites, as well as the appropriation and negotiation of these identities among contemporary youth in Serbia and Croatia. By analyzing the multiple meanings assigned to identity at both the elite and individual level, I argue that none of the present theoretical models allows us to build a complete understanding of how ethnic identity actually works on the ground. This project moves away from treating ethnic identity as a given, instead examining how it is constructed and reconstructed at the “top” level, how it is lived and negotiated on the “bottom,” and how these understandings change over time. I first examine the identity narratives and dominant myths articulated by elites, leaders, religious institutions and intellectuals during Yugoslavia’s disintegration in the late 1980s and 1990s, utilizing discourse analysis of official history textbooks, key works of intellectuals, and rhetoric of political elites. I argue that identity is constantly in the process of construction, reconstruction and fine-tuning; attention should thus be paid to the content of dominant myths that weave together various narratives, and to strategies of myth articulation. Second, I examine the extent to which these narratives have persisted among contemporary youth. Relying on two years of ethnographic research, including 160 in-depth interviews, 1200 surveys, focus groups and participant observation in Serbia and Croatia, I find that “lived” identity narratives are contextual, frequently contradictory, and have important generational, class, gender, and regional cleavages. This research has broad implications for theories of ethnic identity construction, in addition to calling for a reconsideration of the methodology commonly used in studying ethnic identity.Sociology
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Bozeva-Abazi, Katrin. "The shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian national identities, 1800s-1900s." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19473.
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The nation-state is now the dominant form of sovereign statehood, however, a century and a half ago the political map of Europe comprised only a handful of sovereign states, very few of them nations in the modern sense. Balkan historiography often tends to minimize the complexity of nation-building, either by referring to the national community as to a monolithic and homogenous unit, or simply by neglecting different social groups whose consciousness varied depending on region, gender and generation. Further, Bulgarian and Serbian historiography pay far more attention to the problem of "how" and "why" certain events have happened than to the emergence of national consciousness of the Balkan peoples as a complex and durable process of mental evolution. This dissertation on the concept of nationality in which most Bulgarians and Serbs were educated and socialized examines how the modern idea of nationhood was disseminated among the ordinary people and it presents the complicated process of national indoctrination carried out by various state institutions. The historical data examined demonstrate that before the establishment of their sovereign states ordinary Serbs and Bulgarians had only a vague idea, if any, of their national identity. The peasantry was accustomed to defining itself in terms of religion, locality and occupation, not in terms of nationality. Once the nation state was established peasants had to be indoctrinated in nationalism. The inculcation was executed through the schooling system, military conscription, the Christian Orthodox Church, and the press. It was through the channels of these state institutions that a national identity came into existence.
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Irving, Sonja. "A comparative study of the perceptions of Austria-Hungary and Serbia in British newspapers during the July crisis of 1914." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27592.
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This paper adopts a political and class-based approach to examine three different British newspapers, The Times of London, The Manchester Guardian, and The Daily Herald in terms of their treatment of Austria-Hungary and Serbia in the month prior to the First World War. It questions how a newspaper's particular bias affects the way it discusses a topic, disseminates news, and relates with its audience. It examines the influence a newspaper has on shaping public opinion concerning friendly and enemy nations in the lead up to a war. At the same time this paper also examines how a newspaper's class and political background determines the level of support the paper demonstrates for war or for pacifism.
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Lewis, Marion J. "Security sector reform and the Serbia conundrum are SSR efforts bringing Serbia closer to European Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization Integration?" Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9988.
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The NATO intervention in the wars in the former Yugoslavia from 1991 to 1999 illustrated the importance of South Eastern Europe to Atlantic security. In 2005, certain of the southern Slav nations have gained NATO and EU membership, as in the case of Slovenia, or have drawn ever closer to qualifying for membership, as in the case of Croatia and Bulgaria. However, Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina have proved more difficult to draw into the European fold due to the lingering effects of the wars in Bosnia and Kosovo. This thesis explores Serbia's ongoing attempts to integrate into EU and NATO structures. It begins with the background of the situation in Serbia of 2005 with a focus on the historical leadership, management, and missions of the security sector. It then examines the development and objectives of the security sector reform agenda and the challenges facing its practitioners. Additionally, this thesis analyses the impact of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Kosovo final status disposition, and the chaotic domestic political situation on Serbian reform efforts. This thesis argues that, as a result of political and social circumstances unique to Serbia as well as the institutional shortcomings of the West as concerns comprehensive democratic reform of power and arms, the ongoing SSR efforts in Serbia will take several years to come to fruition.
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Carvalho, Marcus Vinicius Correa. "Outros lados : Sergio Buarque de Holanda : critica literaria, historia e politica (1920-1940)." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279948.
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Orientador: Silvia Hunold LaraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Doutorado
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Kaurin, Dragoljub. "Professional education in contemporary Serbia : an examination of the intellectual transition from state-socialism to post socialism." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13196/.
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The thesis, professional education in contemporary Serbia, an examination of the transition from state-socialism to post-socialism tries to answer the question of the changing patterns of professional education in contemporary Serbia in the light of the advent of post-socialism, after a very long period of reign of state-socialism. It does so by employing an in-depth historical analysis. It is argued that the economic problems in post-socialism, blocked transformation, exclusion from the European Community, and other problems impacted on the change in professional education patterns. Post-socialism is distinguished by the growing marketization, globalization and the economic intra-dependence, as well as the stronger influence of the emerging markets. In Serbia, it is distinguished by the fragile economic recovery and the emergence of the new economic order. The thesis uses Antonio Gramsci’s concept of hegemony to explain the inevitability of the knowledge economy and Karl Popper’s theoretical concepts developed in his study Open Society and its Enemies. Methodologically, the project used chiefly qualitative methodology: questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. In addition to this, there is also abundant use of the relevant documents, useful for documentary analysis, as well as biographical method. Empirical conclusions of the project are based on 5 months survey in contemporary Serbia, based on qualitative methodology, and participants were university teachers, lawyers and researchers. Survey is understood here as a social science research technique. The project findings are organized around three major subcategories: democratization, governance and civil society, institutional sustainability and graduate employment, and internationalisation and the European Union. The system of professional education is characterized by the growing democratization, the implementation of the Bologna Process, the introduction of course fees, the overall marketization of education and the emergence of private universities. Policy-makers and educationists should be cautious because this system causes enduring inequalities. Unemployment is also a significant problem for the change in professional education patterns. The influence of markets on professional education is stronger and companies and enterprises are looking for university talent to gain the increase in profit and they have a clear stake in shaping the new system of professional education. This brings significant changes to professional education in general and the creation of the curricula in particular. Although the state-socialist system of professional education was distinguished by the increased level of international cooperation, it is growing more intense and it happens more often in the context of post-socialism. Serbian professionals, educationists, and policy-makers are having many more opportunities for international cooperation.
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Sollie, Siri Therese. "Remembrance of the Ottoman Heritage in Serbia : A Field Study at the Ethnographic Museum in Belgrade." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för rysslandsstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-269116.
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The thesis discusses the remembrance of the Ottoman heritage and presentation of Ottoman culture at the Ethnographic Museum in Belgrade. The study emphasizes the role and importance of memory and historical interpretation in the contemporary museum practice at the museum. The historical memories of a collection of 6 curators will be discussed and represented in order to examine the influence these recollections have on the exhibition of culture in the museum. The thesis gives the reader a further understanding of the mechanisms behind the continuous neglect and lack of appreciation of the Ottoman heritage in the Serbian society. In line with the current research within memory studies, this study focus on a museum as a site of memory, or a "lieux de mémoire" in Pierre Nora's term. The author concludes that there is a lack of awareness and emphasis in the museum on the Ottoman heritage. She also argues that the museum as a site of memory does little to provide for an arena where memories of different cultures and identities are channeled and presented in the society. Further studies should also emphasize museum presentations in other Southeast European countries in order to discuss the ways in which folk culture, cultural history and memory are presented to the public.Master program in International studies - specialization Eurasian studies
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Hampton, Simon Jonathan. "Evolutionary social psychology, natural history & the history of ideas." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3943/.
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The aim of this dissertation is to analyse two notions which inform contemporary evolutionary psychology. In Part I Tooby and Cosmides' (1992) Standard Model thesis of the history of twentieth century social science is examined with regard to social psychology. In Part II the practical and theoretical fecundity of the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness is examined, again with regard to social psychology. The analysis of the Standard Model thesis yields the result that it is not reliable as an intellectual history of social psychology. A principal reason for this is the failure of the thesis to acknowledge the instinct debate of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Further consideration of the instinct debate leads to the conclusion that evolutionary psychology may be in the process of repeating the history of social psychology rather than making substantive advances. The analysis of the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness concept yields two results. Firstly, in use it fails to accommodate the findings of palaeontology. Secondly, it promotes a view of mental capacity and functioning that is at odds with that of modern humans. Further consideration of the natural history of the human lineage leads to the conclusion that the past was not, in some sense, ontogenetically prior to the present and that it will not furnish social psychology with an adaptation that functions in a predictable manner. In Part III it is recommended that an evolutionary approach to social psychology should dispense with the concept of adaptation as proposed by evolutionary psychology.
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Bates, Kathleen. "A social history of blindness." Thesis, Boston Spa, U.K. : British Library Document Supply Centre, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.263622.
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Passage, Jeffrey Scott M. A. "THE COLLAPSE OF YUGOSLAVIA AND THE BOSNIAN WAR: THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION IN A REGIONAL CONFLICT." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/552.
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This thesis examines the role of international intervention in the area formerly known as Yugoslavia during its collapse in the first half of the 1990s (1991-1995). The Cold War had just ended, and the United Nations (UN), NATO, and the nations they represented were reevaluating their roles in a world without competition between two superpowers. The collapse of Yugoslavia and ensuing civil war presented these international bodies with an opportunity to intervene and show that they were ready to take charge in future conflicts in pursuing and achieving peace. However, what followed revealed them to be short-sighted and ill-prepared for this role as the conflict quickly escalated leading to genocide again taking place in Europe.
The country of Bosnia, which emerged as its own nation in the collapse of Yugoslavia, will receive special interest due to its place as the geographic and active center of most of the war and atrocities. The United States will also be examined in detail since it eventually played a key role in achieving peace with the Dayton Peace Accords.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the intervention in Bosnia and former Yugoslavia was implemented well. After examining primary documents from the United States, the UN, NATO and other organizations, as well as secondary documents in the form of journal articles and books, it became clear that the intentions of these groups were good, but their abilities in achieving peace were not. Many leaders were highly influenced by prior experiences in either World War II or Vietnam which made it difficult for them to see this new conflict in a different light. Thus, it was only when key figures in leadership changed that the situation in Bosnia was turned around and peace became attainable. Unfortunately, this peace was only achieved after hundreds of thousands had died and millions had been displaced creating a difficult rebuilding and reunifying process for those that remained or returned following Dayton.
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Gee, Lindsay Mary. "Lydia : a cultural and social history." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3ab35d75-60de-4739-81ad-5e4e8dfb912a.
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A date-chart of significant periods and events from the third millennium BC to the seventh century AD prefaces the work. The text's chronological span runs from the heyday of the Mermnad kingdom to that of the Roman Empire, and the primary emphasis is on giving a narrative of the country's development under Greek influence: a wide range of literary and archaeological material is employed to this end. The thesis is divided into six parts: the first deals with geographical notices in such authors as Strabo and Pliny; the second chronicles the Mermnad period, between the seventh and sixth centuries, with particular reference to contacts with the Ionian Greeks; the third describes Lydian experiences during the ensuing period of Persian hegemony, between the sixth and fourth centuries; the fourth, covering the sequel to Alexander's takeover, focusses on the culminating stages of Hellenization, discussing Sardis' Hellenistic period and the Seleukid and Attalid foundations in the countryside. The fifth part discusses the village communities, over an extended period as the topic warrants: inscriptions of the Roman period predominate, and are incorporated on the grounds that a broader panorama is thereby achieved, and that the patterns delineated will have changed only slowly and are anyway of relevance for the Hellenized country's continuing history. The sixth part, on religion native and foreign, deals with the relevant inscriptions and literature, charting the progressive influence of Persian and Greek cult but also the surviving Anatolian elements. Appendices follow on the evidence for the process of change in language use from Lydian to Greek, on Maionia and the Heraklidai, and on Mycenaean contacts, together with a catalogue of the numismatic sources for religious history. Maps and sketch-plans accompany the text at appropriate points.
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Shaeffer, Megan K. "A Social History of Hoarding Behavior." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1333842460.
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Nurmi, Arja. "A social history of periphrastic DO /." Helsinki : Société néophilologique, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391303514.
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Allison, Andrew Emerson. "Corporate Social Responsibility: Growth and History." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146895.
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This paper concretely defines what corporate social responsibility, or CSR, is and how it has come to be so prevalent in companies today. Many scholars have attempted to define this movement, and still others are trying to discover its origins and its likely future. From Adam Smith to Milton Friedman, many economists have argued the merits and costs of "going green" and the bottom line for the companies that attempt it. This paper will also document what Cisco, held in the UA Foundation's Student Run Portfolio, has done to increase environmental awareness through corporate social responsibility
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Vukasinovic, Milan. "Nicée, Épire, Serbie. Idéologie et relations de pouvoir dans les récits de la première moitié du XIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0025.
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Les principaux objets de la présente étude sont les récits produits à l’intérieur des entités politiques de Nicée, de l’Épire et de la Serbie entre les années 1204 et 1261. La majorité des précédentes recherches concernant cette période soulignent son irrégularité. Les chercheurs puisent l’explication des phénomènes historiques dans les récits figés de la fragmentation du monde byzantin et de l’indépendance de l’État serbe, présentées comme conséquences de la Quatrième croisade. Ces attitudes sont souvent médiatisées par le concept non défini d’idéologie. En se servant des concepts empruntés à la narratologie et aux théories marxistes, cette thèse conteste ce type d’approche ainsi que la conception d’une relation rectiligne entre les textes et les ‘réalités’ historiques. Les récits y sont définis comme résolutions des contradictions matérielles et l’idéologie en tant qu’ensemble des stratégies narratives employées dans la constitution de subjectivités des personnages et dans la construction de leur espace social. L’analyse des pratiques narratives d’interpellation dans les contextes rhétoriques, juridiques, épistolaires et hagiographiques ouvre la possibilité de réinterprétation des acteurs, des actions et des relations sociales. L’examen de la mise en récit de l’espace dans le cadre trialectique permet d’éclaircir cet élément important de la socialité, d’habitude réduit au statut d’un objet passif au service des intérêts de l’État-nation. Enfin, à la place des métaphores impertinentes de famille et de hiérarchie, le concept d’hétérarchie est suggéré pour théoriser les relations de pouvoir, à l’intérieur des trois États examinés, mais aussi concernant les rapports entre eux. Cette thèse propose d’interpréter les sociétés médiévales à partir de la façon dont les expériences sociales et politiques y étaient racontées, avec deux objectifs en ligne de mire : l’ouverture de la lecture des textes byzantins et serbes en parallèle avec la réflexion sur les pratiques historiographiques contemporainesThe principal objects of this dissertation are narratives produced between 1204 and 1261 in the polities of Nicaea, Epiros and Serbia. Previous studies, for the most part, stress the anomalous character of this period. In their explanations of historical phenomena, historians draw upon fixed modern narratives of the fragmentation of the Byzantine world and the independence of the Serbian state, both seen as consequences of the Fourth Crusade. These arguments are often buttressed by the undefined concept of ideology. Using concepts borrowed from narratology and Marxist theories, this study challenges that line of approach, as well as the notion of an unambiguous nexus between texts and historical ‘realities’. Narratives are defined as resolutions to material contradictions. Ideology is defined as a set of narrative strategies used to constitute the subjectivities of concerned actors and to construct their social space. Analyzing the narrative practices of interpellation in rhetorical, legal, epistolary, and hagiographical contexts opens up the possibility of reinterpreting historical actors, actions and social relations. Examining the narrativization of space in a trialectical matrix sheds light on this important element of sociality, which was previously usually reduced to a passive object at the service of nation-states interests. Finally, the study proposes a concept of heterarchy as a way to replace the unsuitable metaphors of family and hierarchy, frequently used to theorize the power relations both inside and between medieval states. This dissertation offers an interpretation of medieval societies, based on the way their members told stories of their social and political experience. Thus, it has two aims: to diversify the reading of Byzantine and Serbian texts and to prompt modern scholars to rethink their approach to historiographical practice
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Gueudet, Sophie. "Bridges on the Drina : history, modalities and outcomes of the bilateral cooperations between Serbia and Republika Srpska (1995 - 2016)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0058.
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Cette recherche a pour but d’offrir une perspective historique sur relations bilatérales entre la Serbie et la Republika Srpska (RS), quasi-Etat bosno-serbe autoproclamé et sécessionniste réintégré à la Bosnie-Herzégovine d'après-guerre à la suite de l'Accord de paix de Dayton de 1995. Soucieuse de contribuer à la littérature sur les liens entre les Etats-parents et leurs communautés-parents transfrontalières, cette étude entend se concentrer sur les résultats et les effets que ces liens ont pu avoir, dans le cas des coopérations trans-Drina entre la Serbie et sa "communauté parente" bosno-serbes, sur la politique intérieure de la RS. La RS représentant un exemple singulier de "communauté parente", en raison de son statut constitutionnel d’entité fédérée au sein de la Bosnie-Herzégovine et des avantages institutionnels et politiques qui en découlent, permettra de mettre en lumière les spécificités de l’activisme de la Serbie envers l’entité "parente". La variété de ces "ponts sur la Drina", la pluralité des acteurs étatiques et non étatiques qui ont cherché à les construire, et la réciprocité de ces relations, rendues possibles, la possibilité de nouer des "Relations parallèles spéciales" seront examinées ici. Ils aideront à comprendre comment, depuis le milieu des années 2000, le SNSD de Dodik, nouveau parti au pouvoir, s’emploie à mettre en avant et renforcer le statut de quasi-état de la RS, ainsi qu’à revendiquer la reconnaissance d’un statut d’"état dans l’état". Cet agenda a été encouragé et nourri par la semi-institutionnalisation progressive d’un espace d’intégration trans-Drina au cours des deux décennies d'après-guerreThis doctoral research aims to provide an historical perspective on the bilateral relations between Serbia and Republika Srpska, the self-proclaimed secessionist Bosnian-Serb statelet reintegrated to post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina following the Dayton Peace Agreement of 1995. Concerned about bringing a contribution to the literature on the connexions between kin-states and their transborder kin-communities, this study chose to focus on the effects and outcomes that those connexions might have had, in the case of the trans-Drina cooperations between Serbia and its Bosnian-Serb kins, on the Republika Srpska’s internal politics. The specificity of Republika Srpska as an example of kin-community, because of its constitutional and therefore difficultly contestable status of federalised entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina, will enable to highlight unusual results of Serbia’s kin-state activism on the polity. The variety of those " bridges on the Drina " , the plurality of the state and non-state actors that endeavoured to build them, and the reciprocity of those connexions, made possible by the numerous competencies retained by the RS among which the possibility to draw " special parallel relations " will be under scrutiny here. As a matter of fact, they will help to capture how, since the mid-2000s, renewed claims for RS statehood from Dodik’s SNSD, new party in power, had been encouraged and nourished by the progressive semi-institutionalisation of an integrative space across the Drina throughout the two post-war decades
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Correa, Vera Loreto. "La Serena: 1850-1900: tradición e individualidad." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 1989. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/145053.
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Connell, Kieran. "A micro-history of 'black Handsworth' : towards a social history of race in Britain." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3568/.
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This thesis represents an account of the experience of race in contemporary Britain. It adopts a ‘micro historical’ approach: the focus is on those of African-Caribbean descent in Handsworth, an inner-city area of Birmingham, during the ‘long 1980s’, defined roughly as the period from the middle of the 1970s to the start of the 1990s. This was a period of heightened racial tension. Popular anxieties about the black inner city were brought to the fore following rioting in 1981 and 1985, after which Handsworth was conceptualised by the media as the ‘Front Line’ in an ongoing ‘war on the streets’. The long 1980s was also a period in which inequalities in housing, unemployment and other areas continued to disproportionately affect black communities in Handsworth. These issues were an important contributing factor to the black experience. However, this thesis argues that the black experience was by no means reducible to them. Race, it is argued, was something that was lived in Handsworth, sometimes in relation racism and inequality, but also in what E. P. Thompson famously argued to be ‘the raw material of experience’. Race was a ‘structure of feeling’ in Handsworth. It meant having to deal with the effects of discrimination or high unemployment, for example, sometimes on a daily basis. But the thesis will show that race was also often re-articulated as a positive identity, and was lived out in routines, traditions, institutions and everyday practices. Taken together, this constituted what can meaningfully be described as a black way of life in Handsworth, something that represents a significant part of the social history of contemporary Britain.
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Sambumbu, Sipokazi. "Social history, public history and the politics of memory in re-making 'Ndabeni'' pasts." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2315.
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Ratute, Ashley. "Expanding social justice knowledge with sweatshop history." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1476340.
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Kildea, Paul Francis. "Selling Britten : a social and economic history." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243275.
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Davies, David Russell. "A social history of Carmarthenshire 1870-1920." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324164.
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Brown, Alison. "Social history of Scottish homicide, 1836-1869." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31387.
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This project is a qualitative examination of homicide in Scotland during the period 1836-1869, putting homicide in geographical, environmental and social context. Using the quantitative research in the history of crime in nineteenth-century Scotland as a point of departure, and engaging with the Scottish criminal justice system, the Lord Advocate’s Precognitions, consisting of declarations of the accused and witness statements for homicide cases reaching Scotland’s High Court of Justiciary, are used to demonstrate the ways in which specific social structures and social interactions provided greater opportunity for conflict and higher propensity for unlawful killing. It is argued that these scenarios were more likely during the period of rapid industrialization and social dislocation occurring in Scotland in the mid-nineteenth century.
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Watkins, Mark N. "Technology and the history-social science framework." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1055.
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Maxson, Brian. "Social Historical Approaches to Italian Humanists and Humanism." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6223.
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Chavarria, Sara Patricia. "Anthropology and its role in teaching history: A model world history curriculum reform." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284264.
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This study addresses the importance of committing to redesigning how world history is taught at the high school level. Presented is a model for curriculum reform that introduces an approach to teaching revolving around a thematic structure. The purpose of this redesigned thematic curriculum was to introduce an alternative approach to teaching that proceeded from a "critical perspective"--that is, one in which students did not so much learn discrete bits of knowledge but rather an orientation toward learning and thinking about history and its application to their lives. The means by which this was done was by teaching world history from an anthropological perspective. A perspective that made archaeological data more relevant in learning about the past. The study presents how such a model was created through its pilot application in a high school world history classroom. It is through the experimental application of the curriculum ideas in the high school classroom that I was able to determine the effectiveness of this curriculum by following how easily it could be used and how well students responded to it. Therefore, followed in the study was the evolution of the curriculum model's development as it was used in the pilot classroom. Thus, I was able to determine the extent of its success as a tool for teaching critically and for teaching from an anthropological perspective.
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Sebire, M. (Mark). "The conflict between the personal and the social in Salman Rushdie’s Shame; ‘History’ vs. ‘history’." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201512122298.
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At its most simplistic, the novel Shame is a tale about the birth of the nation of Pakistan. Its author, Salman Rushdie, is perhaps uniquely placed to tell this tale. He was born in Bombay, then British India, on 19th June, 1947 to a wealthy Muslim family of Kashmiri descent. Less than two months after his birth, his country was subject to major political change. British India was divided, and the nation of Pakistan was created on 14th August, 1947. The following day India gained its independence from Britain. Rushdie was therefore born at a pivotal point in his country’s history. His upbringing and education is equally pivotal as it provides an insight into his writing style and perspective, as he is a product of both the Indian and British educational systems.
The central theme of this paper is that there are two distinct versions of history which are exposed in Shame; the official ‘History’ — with a capital ‘H’ — of the state, and the unofficial, personal ‘histories’ — with a small ‘h’ — of the characters in the novel. There is also the historical perspective of the author as well, which makes objective criticism complicated. The narrative process within the novel is a complex dialectic between the personal and the social; between what the state wishes people to believe has happened, and what people have actually witnessed, with the acknowledged limitations of memory and hindsight. The truth is a tantilising mirage; the closer the reader believes they are to it, the more Rushdie’s playful style leads them away. There are many views of the past depicted in the novel, therefore, but none of them could be described as definitive; they are all flawed by the subjectivity of the human condition. What Rushdie is doing, however, is forcing the reader to make up their own mind; to create their own ‘history’ from the versions he presents.
As well as being labelled as postcolonial writing, the novel has been described as postmodern fiction. Both of these assertions are examined in this paper. The “different” techniques that Rushdie applies in the telling of his story will be addressed in the first section of this paper. The second part of this paper details what I believe to be the main theme of the novel, which is the question of the nature of history, and the individual’s place within society. In telling his story, Rushdie is “creating” a history of his own. What is striking about this novel is that it illuminates the hazy uncertainty which exists between what people believe to be “fact” and what they see as “fiction”, and this is, of course, Rushdie’s point.
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Pratama, Stephen. "Teaching Controversial History : Indonesian High School History Teachers' Narratives about Teaching Post-Independence Indonesian Communism." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415484.
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The sociological tools of Margaret Somers are employed to dissect Indonesian high school history teachers' narratives about teaching controversial history of post-independence Indonesian communism. Twelve semi-structured interviews form a qualitative foundation to generate analysis on history teachers' stories about what enables the entanglement of alternative narratives of Indonesian communism in their teachings. This current study explores how various stories influence the teachers' standpoints on it. Moreover, the study highlights the socio-historical context of how their standpoints were formed. Empirical findings in this study suggest that the teachers draw on different narratives that navigate them to teach alternative versions, in order to counterbalance the mainstream story of Indonesian communism in school textbooks and the history curriculum. However, for some teachers, it is more challenging to teach a subject on Indonesian communism in line with their standpoints. The ease and challenges in teaching controversial history vary since each teacher is embedded in different relationships. Therefore, the social context of their teachings is also discussed.
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Abel, Filomeno Simão Jacob. "Structure and history in Kisar." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670239.
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Reed, Janet. "Experiments in Social Salvation: The Settlement Movement in Chicago, 1890-1910." TopSCHOLAR®, 2000. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/697.
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In this study, the settlement movement in Chicago is presented as a crucible for the development of Progressive reform. The subjective and objective necessities for social settlements are described through the lives of men and women central to the movement. Reformers such as Jane Addams, Graham Taylor, and Mary McDowell fused their personal motives to their expanding assumptions regarding public welfare in their pursuit of social salvation. The settlement community advanced a methodology of experimentation and flexibility, which was instrumental to the transformation of nineteenth century ideas of charity into the new twentieth century science of social work. The processes of reform were greatly influenced by the evolving concepts of class, gender, and race. The feminine nature of settlement work and the opportunities afforded to generations of college-educated women were integral to the impact the settlement community had on Progressive reform in general and to the role settlement workers played in affecting public opinion. Primary sources include Jane Addams' correspondence, Twenty Years at Hull-House, and issues of the periodical The Commons. The historiography of the Progressive Era is also considered, and the effects of class, gender, and race upon its development throughout the twentieth century.
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Shuttleworth, Julie. "Social and economic change in Lambourn Hundred, 1522-1663." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267353.
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Hood, David James, and n/a. "A social history of archaeology in New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 1996. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070530.152806.
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Consideration of the degree to which social factors have influenced the development of archaeology has become a recent focus of interest among archaeologists; however little work has been done on determining the relationship of social factors to archaeology in new Zealand. The aim of this thesis is to consider whether archaeologists were influenced by the surrounding New Zealand society between the years 1840 and 1954 and if so, in what manner were they influenced. In particular, consideration is given to how the social background of New Zealand archaeology compared with the social influences of British archaeology compared with the social influence of British archaeology of the time.
For the purposes of the study the term archaeologist applies to all those who investigated or recovered in situ archaeological material. Lists of archaeologists of the day were compiled from journals, newspaper articles, and unpublished sources. From these lists the social background of those engaging in archaeology was reconstructed.
Developments in archaeology theory and methodology were also examined, not only to determine the manner in which they effected the practise of archaeology, but also to determine the source of those developments, and the reasons for their adoption.
The wider social context was also examined to determine the degree to which archaeology reflected certain factors in New Zealand society, not simply in the manner in which archaeology was carried out, but also in the reasons for which research was conducted.
This study demonstrates that though the discipline, and in particular the power, was concentrated among urban professionals, the social spread of those engaging in archaeology was wide. This was particularly the case between the turn of the century and the Second World War, when archaeologists with a tertiary background were in a minority.
Archaeologists were influenced both from inside and outside the field, the degree of influence being determined by individual factors.
As archaeologists were a part of society, so too was society part of archaeological practice. In the manner in which archaeology was conducted the influence of societal attitudes towards women and Maori can be seen.
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Ulenberg, Phillippa. "The Community Arts Service: History and Social Context." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2802.
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The Community Arts Service (CAS, 1946-1966), founded after World War Two, took tours of music, drama, opera, dance and art exhibitions to smaller centres and isolated rural areas throughout New Zealand, fostering the cultural activities undertaken by local groups. From the Auckland University College, where it originated as a branch of Adult Education, it spread to the other University College provinces and, beyond New Zealand, to Australia. As Adult Education, CAS programmes emphasised educational value and aimed to develop the tastes and level of culture in the participating communities. The Service operated through local CAS committees, encouraging rural centres to take increasing responsibility for the cultural life of their own communities. Following World War Two, themes of nationalism, decentralisation of culture and correcting the imbalances that existed between rural and urban life so as to create a more egalitarian society, were key issues in New Zealand. The CAS played a significant role in redressing these concerns but to date, have received little critical attention. This thesis, which examines the important role of the Service in the musical and artistic life of twentieth century New Zealand, is an original contribution to the cultural history of this country. Main documentary research sources consulted were regional histories, publications on New Zealand music, theatre, ballet, opera and journals on the arts from the period. Diaries, correspondence, local cultural societies' documentation and programmes of past concerts held in private collections have been valuable. The archival material for Arthur Owen Jensen and Ronald Graeme Dellow (Alexander Turnbull Library) and, the records of Auckland Adult Education (University of Auckland, Special Collections) have been a significant help. People who were involved with the CAS have generously contributed through interviews and correspondence. Newspaper cuttings in private collections and past issues of the Waikato Times held in the Hamilton Public Library have also been important sources.
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Nunn, Jean. "A social history of Kangaroo Island, 1800-1890 /." Title page, contents and conclusion only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armn972.pdf.
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Alders, Max [Verfasser], and Monika [Akademischer Betreuer] Fludernik. "Mind-Telling: social minds in fiction and history." Freiburg : Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119717965/34.
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Symon, Toni. "Paparua Men's Prison: A Social and Political History." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7775.
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Situated amidst farmland 18 kilometres from the centre of Christchurch is Paparua men’s prison, one of New Zealand’s oldest and largest penal institutions. Prisoners have been housed at the Paparua site since 1915 and when the prison buildings were completed in 1925, around 120 prisoners were incarcerated there. Still at the same location where the two original wings continue to accommodate inmates, Paparua has the capacity for nearly 1,000 low to high-security male prisoners.
Despite being almost a century old, very little has been recorded about Paparua, which is symptomatic of the paucity of published material on New Zealand prisons. This thesis seeks to address this shortfall in the literature by, for the first time, documenting the events which have taken place at Paparua and giving insight into life for prisoners there over the last 100 years. These events and the changes to prison life have been driven by the social conditions of the day and their intersection with a complex range of factors at the inmate, community and administrative levels. Paparua’s evolution, therefore, has been the product of the changing socio-political climate and by contextualising the prison’s history I will show how these dynamics have contributed to the development of Paparua.
The research undertaken to achieve such a task involved an historical analysis of 130 years of departmental reports, government reports, parliamentary debates and newspaper articles. This was accompanied by 13 comprehensive interviews with former and current staff and inmates of Paparua.
The reconstruction of Paparua’s past is valuable not only in that it captures the details of an interesting feature of New Zealand history but because it offers insight into the complex range of forces that a are likely to influence its development in the future.
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Jolley, Michael Jeremy. "A social history of paediatric nursing 1920-1970." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5796.
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This is a study concerning the social history of paediatric nursing between 1920 and 1970. Oral history data was collected from past nurses of children and from people who had been in hospital as children within the period in question. The study explores the professional orientation of nurses and their role within the micro-culture of the acute hospital, their relationship with doctors on the one hand and with the child and family on the other. It is found that until the later years of the period 1920-1970, paediatric nursing was a regimented discipline, whose professional identity was intimately associated with that of medicine and with notions of 'science' and 'professionalism'. In practice, 'science' meant practicing the 'known way' as described in the literature of the time and which had been passed down by word of mouth and which could not be exposed to critique or review. 'Professionalism' meant being respectful and obedient to senior nurses and to doctors. This created a situation where nursing could not initiate change and as a result, failed to provide social and psychological care appropriate to the child and family. Nursing failed to question and develop its own practice and what changes did take place were the result of other agencies' manipulation of nursing for their own ends. The nurse participants express a strong sense of value for their work history and are proud of what they achieved. Nursing is seen as a demanding and challenging occupation, to which the system of discipline and hierarchy presented most of the challenges. Nursing was an emotionally rewarding area of work, the nurse participants obtaining most satisfaction from being able to 'nurse the child better'. Nurses cared about the children but failed to realise that the emotional neutrality associated with their professionalism was interpreted by the children as a lack of affection. It is found that the child participants tended to be traumatised by their hospital experiences. The cause of this trauma is found to be the way in which nurses practiced according to a scientific and professional paradigm. Unwittingly, this last resulted in the nurses being perceived by the child participants as lacking in affection or emotional 'care' for them as children. Many of the participants remain confused and troubled by this aspect of their experience. By the end of the period 1920-1970 the system of discipline and hierarchy was being disassembled and nursing began to evaluate itself and subject itself to scientific scrutiny. At the same time, paediatric nursing did change to become more child and family orientated and it began to present a more 'human' face to the child patients and their families. These changes are identified with broader changes in society to which paediatric nursing did eventually become aligned.
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Chaplin, Patrick. "Darts in England 1900-1939 : a social history." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438247.
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Spitz, David (David Ethan). "Contested codes : toward a social history of Napster." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39188.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Comparative Media Studies, June 2001."June 2001."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-83).
In the years since its inception, some interpretations of the software program known as "Napster" have been inscribed into laws, business plans, and purchasing decisions while others have been pushed to the fringes. This paper examines how and why certain assumptions about Napster gained consensus value whereas others did not. The analytical approach involves an examination of discourses about Napster in several arenas - legal, economic, social, and cultural - and is informed by a conceptualization of Napster as an ongoing encounter between, rather than the accomplishment of, inventor(s), institution(s), and interest(s). While acknowledging the importance of empirical examinations of Napster's impact on firms and markets, as well as the proscriptive advice which it supports, the focus here is on providing a contextualized understanding of the technology as an object whose meanings were contested and ultimately resolved, or at least stabilized, within, across, and through a broader systems of power and structured interests.
by David Spitz.
S.M.
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Liu, Cong. "Economic Performance and Social Conflicts in Chinese History." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612424.
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This thesis consists of four chapters on economic performance and social conflicts in Chinese history. The first chapter examines the impact of a major tax reform on protests in the eighteenth century in China. The de jure effect of this reform was to increase the tax burden on the gentry and decrease the tax burden on commoners, yet the de facto effect is under debate. I combine multiple databases into an annual panel dataset from 1700 to 1750 and use detailed information on protest to identify income shocks and tax incidence. The regression results after controlling for provincial fixed effects and national shocks show that the tax reform increased local protests by 0.3 incidents per year, which equals to half a standard deviation before the reform started. Further examination suggests that the de facto effects of the reform hurt commoners rather than the gentry. First, it increased protests by commoners but had no effects on protests by the gentry. Second, provinces with more gentry landlords also had larger increases in the frequency of protests. These results support that the gentry managed to pass the increased tax burdens on to the commoners. This analysis provides quantitative evidence that links social standing and tax burdens in pre-modern society. The second chapter studies the effect of income shocks on different types of conflicts. I consider two types of conflicts: protests, such as grain crises, that requested actions by the government, and revolutionary activities that aimed to overthrow the central government. From 1902 to 1911, China experienced both types of conflicts. I use a detailed record of local conflicts to identify the causes and leaders of each conflict. Combining this information with exogenous price shocks from the international agricultural market, I find that negative income shocks coming from drops in the export price of tea and the increases in the import price of cotton tended to increase the overall frequency of conflicts in general and protests that requested actions from the government. However, the same negative income shocks sometimes reduced revolutionary activities, which was probably caused by the shortage of resources in organizing these activities. These finding suggest an ``income effect'' on conflicts, probably due to the resources needed to organize the activities. The third chapter examines the impact of civil wars on the local economy using newly documented information about civil wars across regions in early-twentieth century China. During this period, China was de facto divided into several regions. Each region was controlled by different warlords or political groups. Warlords fought with each other for a larger territory. I first quantitatively document the scale, timing, and location of these civil wars. Around sixty violent civil wars took place from 1911 to 1934 and 25% of the Chinese counties in my sample were involved in at least one battle. I then examine the impact of civil wars on local economic activities. I find that civil wars overall caused a small negative impact on international trade flows and a 12.1% drop in rural land values. When the results are separated into wars by political groups, the wars involving weak political groups led to 1.7% to 3.8% drop in international trade flows, while the ones by strong political groups had small positive impact on trade flows. Similarly, wars conducted by the powerful incumbent had no negative impact on land values, while the ones between the KMT and the CCP led to a 30% drop in land values. Combined with narrative evidence, the results suggest that incumbent or political groups might have protect trade or reduced harm to the local economy if they relied on tariff or land taxes to finance themselves. The fourth chapter examines the impact of World War I on the Chinese economy. The war largely increased the freight rates in international trade and decreased China's imports of manufactured products from the European countries. I combine data from multiple sources to quantify the development of China's industrial sector and changes in agricultural input prices during and after the war. The firm-level information from the textile industries shows that the textile firms expanded during the war, and the trend continued even after. Using John Buck's survey on land values and labor wages across China, I find that the growing industrial sector also raised agricultural input prices by increasing demand for raw cotton and rural laborers. However, the benefits were small and the impact was clustered around the ports.
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Scott, Simeon Guy. "Thought and social struggle : a history of dialectics." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4205.
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Maclean, Ewan. "False images : a social history of art forgery." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19082.
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This thesis considers the history of art forgery in the Western world and the social conditions which produce the practice. The main concentration is on paintings and sculpture, but other areas, including 'antiques', are included where appropriate. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part outlines the history of art forgery from its origins during the Roman Empire to the present day. The primary concern is with uncovering the development, extent and location of art forgery, rather than a detailed consideration of particular cases. It is shown that art forgery is not a universal practice, but is historically and culturally limited to the hellenistic and Roman world and, until recently, Europe since the Renaissance. The second part of the thesis explains the immediate conditions and circumstances which are necessary before art forgery will occur. These are shown to be the valuing of works of art as coming from a particular historical moment, culture or artist; positive distinction being made in favour of 'original' works over copies; and an adequate system of appropriation (found in collecting). The developments of these conditions are considered in turn. The third and last part takes the analysis a stage further, and looks at the economic and social structures on which the immediate conditions set out in the second part arc based. Here individualisalion and commodificalion, central to ihc structure of capitalism, arc shown to have been influential in changing the position of the artist and nature of art in society. Also of importance, it is argued, was the "crisis of status" which followed the dismantling of feudal hierarchy. This is related, utilising Bourdicu's work on 'distinction', to the need for groups in the more fluid social relations of modern society to distinguish and distance themselves from others, and to define and protect their status. It is shown that art has a central role to play here, and that forgery partly occurs as a consequence of this.
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Harrison, Sharon Maree. "Belgian labour in Nazi Germany : a social history." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17582.
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The Nazis' deployment of foreigners (Ausländereinsatz) between 1939 and 1945 established one of the largest forced labour programs since the abolition of slavery during the nineteenth century. Foreign civilians from across Europe were deployed in Germany's war economy. Between 350,000 and 400,000 Belgian civilians were deployed in Germany during the Second World War- roughly half of these workers went to Germany voluntarily, but under a degree of pressure due to the Military Administration's economic policies in occupied Belgium. This thesis examines the implementation of the Nazi forced labour program through the analysis of the lives of Belgians who worked in Germany in the period 1940-1945 and by using a variety of original sources, including the records of the German Military Administration in Belgium and German and Belgian labour officials and the accounts of those who lived and worked in Germany. This thesis proposes a social history of the Nazi foreign labour program with a strong focus on the history of everyday life, drawing extensively on records such as letters, diaries, photographs and personal accounts of Belgians who worked in Germany during the Second World War, as well as hospital, police and judicial records. The employment patterns and experiences of Belgians deployed in Germany are examined through detailed case studies of Berlin and Düsseldorf, industrialised cities where Belgians were deployed in significant numbers. The Nazi regime divided Belgium's population along linguistic lines: Belgians were officially subject to differentiated treatment based on whether they were Flemings or Walloons. Examining the treatment of Belgians by the Nazi regime and comparing Nazi racial policies and practice, this thesis emphasises the key role played by local authorities, employers and individual Germans in shaping the experiences of foreign workers. It is argued that an important distinction must be made in relation to the material advantages western European workers enjoyed due to their elevated position in the Nazi racial hierarchy and the benefits individual foreign workers were able to secure by virtue of their employment skills, linguistic skills and greater confidence. The experiences of Belgian workers are also compared and contrasted with those of other national groups and are related to the broader history of foreign labour in Nazi Germany. This study also examines the experiences of Belgian women. While Belgian women represented close to 15 percent of Belgians deployed in Germany, studies of Belgian labour in Germany have largely overlooked their experiences. Utilising the limited available sources, this thesis contributes to an understanding of women's experiences. By focussing on the social history of the Ausländereinsatz and the stories of individual Belgians, this thesis maps the varied experiences of Belgians in Germany during the Second World War, illustrating convergence and divergence from Nazi racial policy and the fundamental role ordinary Germans played. More importantly, however, this thesis shows that Belgian civilian workers were not just passive victims of the German occupation. The decision to go to Germany to work was a personal one for many Belgian volunteers, based on individual circumstances. In difficult economic times and with no end to the war in sight, Belgians sought to navigate the best course for themselves and their families. While conscripts were by definition not free, as western Europeans Belgians were afforded greater rights and legal protections, which ensured they had room for manoeuvre and were able to exercise a significant degree of control over their own destinies.
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Scott, Simeon G. "Thought and social struggle: A history of dialectics." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4205.
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Bullis, Judith Elaine. "A social-psychological case history : the Manson incident." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3564.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the social-psychological impact of of the Manson incident; which begins with the Tate-Labianca murders, continues with the arrest of Charles Manson and some of his followers, continues with the trial of Charles Manson and the co-defendants, and results in a popular image.