Dissertations / Theses: 'Social Harms'

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Curzon, Rebecca Elizabeth Mary. "Expanding individualism : moral responsibility for social structural harms." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9473.

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The central concern of this thesis is the examination of individual agents' moral responsibilities in large-scale social structures. I begin with a discussion of the emergence of social structural harm and the history of the collective responsibility debate. I suggest that previous attempts to make accurate responsibility ascriptions in cases of social structural harm have fallen short, leaving responsibility for the harm caused underdetermined. Arguing that collectivist approaches to large-scale harms are inadequate, because those participating in social structures cannot satisfy the criteria for responsibility-bearing groups required by these accounts, I turn to an attempt to provide an individualist account of responsibility in these cases presented by Young. I argue that there are many interesting ideas in her work that support an account of collective responsibility for social structures, but that her specific attempt to develop a new kind of non-moral responsibility ultimately fails. I therefore examine an alternative account of joint responsibility based on agent motivation and attitude presented by Bjornsson, who focusses on the reasons why agents become involved and complicit in collective harms. Through the further development of Bjornsson's discussion of the importance of agent motivation and participation in harmful practices, and Young's analysis of the relationship between individual agents and social structures, I suggest an alternative approach to analysing social structural harm: expanded individualism. To support this account, I analyse the ways in which agents come to be involved in these harms in a blameworthy manner, and the reasons why participation makes individuals responsible for addressing the harms caused by the social structures in which they participate.

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Donoghue, Kathleen J. "Perceived harms and benefits of parental cannabis use, and parents’ reports regarding harm-reduction strategies." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1592.

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This research focussed on families in which at least one parent was a long-term cannabis user; I explored family members’ perceptions of the benefits and harms of cannabis use and the strategies parents used to minimise cannabis-related harm to themselves and their children. In depth, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 43 individuals from 13 families, producing a series of family case studies that enabled examination of multiple perspectives within each family. In Study 1, I used an interpretive framework guided by Miles and Huberman’s (1994) thematic content analysis technique to analyse interview data, while study 2 yielded detailed descriptive vignettes that examined how the use of cannabis played out in particular families. Cannabis users have been portrayed as stereotypically lazy, unhealthy, deviant, and criminal. However, this was not the case with the current sample, whose lifestyles revolved around employment and family life. Parents claimed to use cannabis in a responsible way that minimised harm to self and family. Few reported personal experiences of harm and most did not believe that their children had been adversely affected by their use of cannabis. Nonetheless, children’s awareness of parental cannabis use, and access to the parent’s cannabis supply, occurred at a younger age than parents suspected. Parents reported harm reduction strategies that targeted five broad areas: (1) Dosage control; (2) Dependency; (3) Acute risk; (4) Long-term harm; and (5) Harm to children. The current study points to common-sense ways of reducing harm, such as being discreet about cannabis use; using less potent strains; prioritising family and work responsibilities; being careful about where cannabis was obtained; not mixing cannabis with tobacco; and limiting any financial outlay. The harm reduction strategies identified in this research might be helpful in the forensic evaluation, safety planning, and treatment of parental cannabis use. The validity of the current findings was enhanced by having independent data on the same topic from each family member’s point of view, including non-using partners and children, and by including both convergent and divergent data.

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Edgar, David Kimmett. "A pacifist critique of imprisonment." Thesis, Durham University, 1989. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6690/.

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Gardner, Jocelyn D. "Embodiment: Permanent Self-Affirmation as a Repudiation of Internal, Categorical Harms to Identity." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/928.

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Categorization is a process that simplifies thoughts into manageable pieces by grouping related entities. This reductive analysis can lead to internal harm in individuals’ overarching identities, or Ganzheiten, which is the focus of this thesis. Given that categorization is necessary to our conceptual management of the world, is there a way to counteract the internal harms it can cause? Because acts of self-affirmation can have healing effects, I argue that one manifestation of permanent self-affirmation—custom tattooing—can be an effective repudiation of the divisiveness and reduction categories cause. Custom tattooing’s permanence, individualization, and personal significance make it a great choice as a method of healing internal damage caused by external categorization. Though tattoos might not be the answer for every person experiencing internalized categorization, I have shown that it should be considered as a valid source for the self-affirmation needed to heal from or counteract such internalized harms.

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Russo, C. Allison. "The potential harms of breast cancer screening| estimating the unnecessary surgical diagnosis of benign breast lesions and its impact on quality and cost among insured women younger than 65 years old." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3611772.

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Background: The widespread use of mammography, and its lack of specificity in younger women with denser breasts, increases the potential for a large number of biopsies and surgeries performed in women without breast cancer. Once a suspicious breast lesion is identified with mammography, the use of minimally-invasive breast biopsy (MIBB) as the initial tissue acquisition method for diagnosis is widely supported and advocated as best practice. This research focused on the utilization of MIBB techniques and surgical breast procedures to diagnose image-detected suspicious breast lesions, particularly those lesions ultimately diagnosed as benign, in an effort to better understand the quality and cost implications unnecessary surgical care. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the practice patterns of a variety of physicians in multiple facilities and physician offices across the country for MIBB and open surgical procedures to diagnose image-detected suspicious breast lesions among a cohort of well-insured women younger than 65 years old and eligible for TRICARE (the U.S. military's health benefit). Additionally, mean total costs were calculated to estimate the cost advantages of one initial tissue acquisition procedure versus another and how these costs were impacted by final diagnosis. Results: In total, 80 percent of the episodes began with the less-invasive MIBB, and 20 percent began with an open surgical procedure. Approximately 77 percent of the episodes using MIBB as the initial diagnostic technique were ultimately diagnosed as benign, as compared to a benign diagnosis in 82 percent of episodes initially utilizing open surgical biopsy and in 20 percent of episodes where other definitive surgery was the initial procedure. In total, potentially unnecessary surgery accounted for 15 percent of all cases requiring follow-up biopsy after abnormal mammography. The strongest predictors for the initial use of an open surgical procedure to diagnose a suspicious breast lesion that was ultimately diagnosed as benign were a lesion indicating benign atypia after diagnosis, patient age younger than 40 years old, a military physician performing the initial procedure, and a physician in the Midwest performing the initial procedure. On average, the excess cost associated with the use of surgical biopsy over MIBB as the initial procedure was 3 percent (ranging from 3 to 30 percent), but increased to 70 percent (ranging from 70 to 235 percent) for episodes ultimately diagnosed as benign. Conclusions: The use of surgical procedures to diagnose suspicious breast lesions is declining as the appropriate use of less-invasive MIBB techniques is growing. However, the variation in the utilization of these diagnostic techniques, particularly among younger women and among certain groups of physicians, results in a large number of women undergoing inappropriate surgical diagnosis of suspicious lesions that are ultimately diagnosed as benign. Policies are needed that promote the dissemination of comparative information to physicians about practice patterns, the use and monitoring of physician-level measures of compliance with care standards, payment policies that incentivize physician-level decision-making for high-value care, and balanced information sharing between physicians and patients about the harms and benefits of mammography screening.

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Teixeira, Marcia Cunha. "Trabalho penoso: da aplicação dos princípios ambientais para a reparação social dos danos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-25112016-103026/.

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O presente estudo enfoca o trabalho penoso e as consequências nocivas à saúde dos trabalhadores que exercem atividades penosas, com evidência na reparação social dos danos e com fundamento nos princípios ambientais. Analisam-se o trabalho na sociedade atual, o processo de organização do trabalho, a globalização da economia, a precarização das relações de trabalho e os impactos sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores. Os princípios ambientais são estudados, bem como todo o arcabouço constitucional e legal de proteção ao direito à saúde no trabalho. Efetua-se o debate acerca do papel da sociedade civil, das entidades sindicais, dos empregadores, bem como dos poderes públicos, na fiscalização do meio ambiente de trabalho e na prevenção de doenças e acidentes do trabalho. A responsabilidade do empregador é examinada à luz da doutrina e da jurisprudência predominante nos nossos Tribunais. Realiza-se o estudo de doutrina sobre medicina do trabalho, em especial de ergonomia, psicologia do trabalho, bem como de textos de filosofia e sociologia do trabalho, economia e administração de empresas, para a caracterização da penosidade. Por fim, são debatidas formas de reparação dos danos, descartando-se a via da monetização do risco. Propõe-se a revogação de legislação em vigor, para que nova normatização efetivamente imponha aos responsáveis pelos danos causados aos trabalhadores, os empregadores que exigem tarefas ou condições de trabalho no limite do risco proibido, o dever de arcar com as despesas da reparação, de ressarcimento dos benefícios que serão gastos pelos cofres públicos.
This study approaches the unsafe or overly strenuous labor practises and its nocuous effects on workers health, especially the compensation of the social harms based on the environmental principles. An analysis of the work in the current society is undertaken, along with that of the work organization process, of the economic globalization, of the deterioration of the working conditions and the impacts on the workers health. The environmental principles are addressed, as well as the entire occupational health protection legal framework, along with the debate regarding the roles of society, trade unions, employers, as well as the role of the government on investigating the work environment and preventing labor accidents and diseases. The employers responsibility is examined, according to the prevailing doctrine and cases. There are the doctrine studies regarding occupational medicine, especially ergonomics, occupational psychology; including the study of texts relating to labor philosophy and sociology, economy and business management, in order to distinguish the laboriousness. Lastly, there is the discussion about the compensation of the damages, excluding the commodification of the risk. The proposition repeals the current act, in order for the new statute to effectively hold the employers accountable for the damages caused to the employees, through the burden of bearing the costs of the reparation, as well as the reimbursement of the expenses incurred by the Treasury.

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Pemberton, Simon Adrian. "The production of harm in the United Kingdom : a social harm perspective." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/6bb22b46-aab6-42ef-8c6f-53280cc1530c.

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Pitchford, Rohan. "Three essays on contracts and social harm." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12705.

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Machniewski, Sarah M. "Social harm and older people in Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534697.

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Nordström, Maria, and Lång Martina Stenman. "Harm Reduction : - En ny dimension inom den restriktiva narkotikapolitiken?" Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Work, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-177.

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Harm reduction som insats, har för avsikt att minska de negativa konsekvenserna som tenderar att följa missbruket. Konceptet härstammar från 1920-talets England där grunderna för behandlingsformen utvecklades efter att läkarkåren ansåg att underhåll av missbruk i flera fall kan vara nödvändigt. Metadonbehandling och sprututbytesprojekt är två exempel på Harm reduction relaterade insatser. Grunderna för metadonbehandlingen utvecklades i USA av Marie Nyswander och Vincent Dole och lanserades 1966 i Sverige av professor Lars Gunne, aktiv vid Ulleråkers sjukhus i Uppsala. Läkemedelsassisterad behandling är dokumenterat effektiv och visar goda resultat som t.ex. en ökad livskvalitet. Den svenska narkotikapolitiken har genom historiens gång haft inslag av både repressiv, liberal, och restriktiv karaktär, och även kombinationer av dessa. Idag bedriver Sverige en restriktiv narkotikapolitik där inslag av Harm reduciton relaterade insatser accepteras allt mer genom den nya lagstiftningen angående läkemedelsassisterad behandling(2005) och sprututbytesverksamhet(2006). Genom en kvalitativ enkätstudie baserad på sju enkätintervjuer via e-post och en personlig halvstrukturerad intervju är syftet i denna studie att undersöka om ny lagstiftning av Harm reduction karaktär kan ses som ett tecken på förändring inom den svenska narkotikapolitiken. Genom en teoretisk överblick innehållande relevanta teorier önskar studien även att öka förståelsen för missbrukssituationen hos läsaren. Resultatet har inte varit helt entydigt och generalisering av materialet är svårt eftersom studien varit av kvalitativ art. Dock kan en förändring i synen på och inställningen till exempelvis underhållsbehandlingar urskiljas. Det finns även en frustration bland respondenterna över att verksamheter ute i landet inte lever upp till sina åtaganden och att individer med beroende- och missbruksproblematik prioriteras bort. Trots att direktiven är tydliga kan i dagsläget ca hälften av alla landsting inte hålla vårdgarantin för den berörda patientgruppen, detta visar en granskning Socialstyrelsen genomfört. Behandlingen skall vara lättillgänglig, något som uppenbarligen inte efterlevs.

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Shanahan, Nicola Jane. "Self-harm : images and text posted on social media platforms." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18841/.

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Self-harm is a global public health challenge and the UK has one of the highest rates of self-harm across Europe. There is evidence to suggest that a large number of people are representing their self-harm online. Research on self-harm and the internet is an emerging field of inquiry which so far has focussed on whether social media use for self-harm is helpful or harmful. The aims of this research were to explore images tagged as self-harm on three social media platforms to identify what was being posted, to explore the meaning of images in relation to what they say about reasons for self-harm and motives for posting, and finally to understand how the social media platforms shaped the sharing of self-harm imagery. A total of 602 images were analysed from Twitter, Instagram and Tumblr. The images were analysed using a visual content analysis and a visual thematic analysis, which included a cross site analysis. There was also an exploration of the sites to understand their usability and how they supported, or hindered, the posting of self-harm imagery. Images posted onto these three sites were a mix of photography, drawings, collages and text. When self-harm was present the predominant method was cutting on the arms or legs. Females were also represented more than males. A number of themes were identified within and across sites which presented motivations for self-harm, ideas about the body, particularly the female body, motivations for posting images, and the link between self-harm and emotional distress. The findings from this research offer a new understanding of how people are utilising social media to share messages about self-harm. The results were considered in relation to broader self-harm literature, implications for clinical work and future research.

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Tuck, Victor David. "Links between social deprivation and harm to children : a study of parenting in social disadvantage." Thesis, n.p, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/.

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Harrison, Poppy. "Assessing the harm inside : a study contextualising boys' self-harm in custody." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622024.

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Concerns about suicide and self-harm in English prisons are not new (Third report of the commissioners of prisons, 1880, cited in Liebling, 1992). However, a distinct system of intervention and custody for children (as established by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998) is relatively modern, and as such contextual studies about self-harm have largely, to date, overlooked children as a discrete group existing within a separate framework from adults. Similarly, large-scale research exploring self-harm among children in community settings has largely excluded the group of marginalised young people who come to the attention of youth justice services. This study presents a unique analysis of 181 youth justice assessments (‘Assets’) for boys who were remanded or sentenced to custody in under-18 Young Offender Institutions during 2014-15, tracing the subjects of the assessments from the communities they offended in through to a period in custody, using incident reports completed whilst they were there. What results is a contextual study examining the characteristics of the boys and their behaviour in custody. The study considers two central hypotheses: first, that to result in meaningful and supportive interventions, a definition of self-harm among the boys in the research sample often needs to include the harm they have done to their own lives (what the middle classes might call their ‘prospects’) through offending, and, second, that children who display the common traits of self-harming behaviour in custody may be identifiable by a different set of characteristics and needs from those who self-harm in the community. The author concludes that there is a previously undefined set of risk factors which can be applied to children who self-harm in custody for the first time, moving beyond the known risks associated with adolescent self-harm in the general population. Furthermore, it is found that boys who self-harm in custody are often oing so to exercise agency in an environment where they have very limited power, in circumstances defined not only by the restriction of liberty they are experiencing, but by the difficulties they experienced before coming to custody. Recommendations are made as to how policy-makers, through the current reforms to the youth justice system and a revised approach to assessments upon entry to custody, and practitioners, through increased awareness and improved recording of children’s views can more appropriately intervene in these boys’ lives to benefit them and society more widely.

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Roberts, Yasmin. "#MeToo: The Harm and Limitations of Social Media in Modern Activism." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1255.

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In our current internet-driven society, social media platforms act as the most central tool for communication and social activism. Through my observations of the #MeToo movement, I argue that despite success in visibility, external factors stemming from social media have prevented the movement’s development beyond online platforms. These factors include Slacktivism, the online presence and power of celebrities, and popular feminism and it’s commodification. Considering that the #MeToo movement is ongoing, my observations of the movement thus far aim to answer the question if social media based movements, such as #MeToo, will produce any structural change within and beyond the entertainment industry.

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Pringle, Jennifer Lisa. "Perceptions of risk of harm and social capital in young people's lives." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22305.

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Contemporary young people would appear to have access to more information than their predecessors in relation to keeping safe by avoiding or reducing risks. However concerns about young people’s perceived increasing risky behaviours have contributed to a growing focus on understanding young people and risk of harm across private and public spheres. This study examines the views, experiences and behaviours of young people and adults in relation to risk of harm to young people and the role of social capital in reducing perceived risk. Using qualitative data with young people and adults in a Scottish community this study develops an understanding of perceptions of the main risks of harm to young people and whether social capital helps to reduce these risks. Social constructions of ‘appropriate’ behaviours for young people to engage in and subsequent constraints imposed by adult-led structures and safety concerns, formed a significant focus of youth theorising in this area. To a certain extent, the findings from this study challenge the conventional construction of young people as risky individuals, by identifying young people’s negotiation and avoidance strategies for keeping safe. However, young people’s experiences and behaviours in public and private spaces remain significantly structured by age and gender. Young people and adults perceive risks associated with alcohol and public spaces to be high and prominent. The continuing notion of risk appears to be evident in young people’s choices about who to socialise with and where, their safety concerns and ultimately how particular social networks can be accessed in order to capitalise on protective measures. Young people’s safety concerns are overwhelmingly related to the ‘other’ in public spaces, reinforcing dominant social constructions of private spaces as safer than public spaces. Strong community ties are highlighted as paradoxical: whilst providing trusting social networks which contribute to loyal and safe peers, the intimacy of such networks is perceived by adults as a barrier to young people’s bridging capital and social mobility. These findings pose difficulties to applying late modernist risk theories which minimise the role of wider social processes in shaping young people’s perceptions. Understanding young people and risk is best served by adopting the sociology of youth and social constructionist perspectives which assert the impact of gender, and in particular the power of age constructions which continue to operate within young people’s lives. Ultimately, perceptions on risk of harm to young people remain infused with gendered and age expectations and constructions.

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Enkhbat, Javzmaa, and Patrik Wikström. "Swedish Social Workers’ Perceptions of Harm Reduction Methods in Substance Abuse Treatment." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och kriminologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30220.

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The aim of this study was to explore how harm reduction methods are perceived by Swedish social workers working with treatment of substance abuse. In doing so, qualitative research method with semi-structured interviews was conducted with five social workers practicing within the social services adult unit from three different municipalities in mid-Sweden. The gathered data was analyzed through the perspective of the two related theoretical frameworks of social constructionism and discourse theory. The result revealed diverse perceptions and perspectives regarding harm reduction methods which both were conflicted between participants and within the participants. Methods practiced in Sweden were to a large degree perceived as positive. Perceptions regarding methods outside of Sweden were to a large degree split between an overall negative perception and a conflicted perception between negative views on the legitimization of drugs and positive perceptions regarding preventive positive outcomes. From the chosen theoretical framework, The participating social workers’ perceptions appeared to be influenced by experience, social context, and a prohibitionist discourse on drug abuse that has since long been predominant in Sweden.

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Hicks, David C. "Decriminalization by default, the social construction of cannabis harm and policy in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0013/MQ28428.pdf.

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Montes, Larry Ramon Jr. "Alcohol harm reduction program for high school students| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1522588.

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The purpose of this project was to design a school-based program, identify potential funding sources, and write a grant that would fund an alcohol harm reduction program for high school students. An extensive literature review indicated the need for a new innovative school based alcohol program, and provided information about evidence-based alcohol harm reduction programs that the grant writer then used to design a best-practices program. A search for potential funding sources via the Internet and a grant database resulted in the selection of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation as the best funding source for this project. A grant was then written to support a school-based alcohol harm reduction program at Long Beach Polytechnic High School. The actual submission and/or funding of this grant was not a requirement for the successful completion of this project.

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Larsson, Michaela, and Lovisa Gustavsson. "Om yrkesverksammas förståelse av fenomenet sex som självskadehandling : - en kvalitativ studie." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54423.

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The aim of this study was to examine how professionals, in the field of social work, perceive and describes the phenomenon sex as a way to self-harm. By taking note of how professionals describes the meaning of the phenomenon and its function and examine their beliefs about gender differences, we wish to, with the help of selected theories, seek understanding of the phenomenon. In our research for previous studies, we noticed the lack of scientific research, which made us curious about the phenomenon and wanted to seek for a better understanding. The study was conducted through a qualitative method based on a survey constituted by open questions. The survey was filled by different professionals that are working in the field of social work. The conclusion of our study shows that the phenomenon is very complex and there are many different causes and aims to self-harm by using sex. The study also showed that the professionals that participated in this study had some beliefs about gender differences linked to the phenomenon.

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L'Italien, Léon. "Dynamique des harems chez le renne : Influence de l'âge et du rang social du mâle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27508/27508.pdf.

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Stengel, Camille May. "'Chicks on the corner' in Budapest : visualising harm and harm reduction at a women-only syringe exchange programme." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54858/.

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Harm reduction is an approach that aims to reduce harms related to using drugs. Harm reduction services often fail to consider the needs of women who inject drugs or minimise responses to women’s needs in service design and implementation (Bennett et al., 2000; Brown et al., 2005; EMCDDA, 2006; Levy, 2014a; Pinkham, Stoicesu and Myers, 2012; UNODC et al., 2014). It is therefore crucial to understand the experiences of women who inject drugs from their own perspectives, as well as those of harm reduction workers, in order to develop and implement effective responses to injecting drug use. This thesis explores how ‘harm’ and ‘harm reduction’ are conceptualised by workers and clients at a women-only day syringe exchange programme. It answers the following questions: In what ways do participants’ broader understandings of ‘harm’ and ‘harm reduction’ go beyond the traditional public health model of harm reduction in response to illicit injectable drug use? How are clients and workers’ understandings gendered? These questions were explored empirically through fieldwork in 2013 and 2014 at a harm reduction centre which featured a women-only day syringe exchange programme in Budapest, Hungary. This women-only day was the only gender sensitive harm reduction programme in the country, and the first study undertaken with Roma women who inject drugs in Hungary and female harm reduction workers. In addition, this first research project to use photovoice within a harm reduction context in Hungary. Data were co-produced with respondents according to the principles of Feminist- informed Participatory Action Research, using the method of ‘photovoice’. This method involved providing cameras for clients and employees of the women-only day to photograph their experiences and understandings of harm, harm production, and harm reduction. A significant portion of the data collected for this study was created by female harm reduction workers who worked at the women-only syringe exchange programme. Employees and clients’ images guided the research observations, interviews, and analysis. This meant collaboration between the participants and the researcher through the fieldwork, including the development and implementation of a research output in the form of a public photo exhibition and fundraiser event. The event was called ‘Chicks on the Corner’, and is the source of the thesis title as well as the title of the research project. The theoretical frameworks of zemiology (the study of harm) and black and multiracial feminist thought informed the ontological and epistemological grounding of the Chicks on the Corner project. These frameworks, coupled with the empirical data, produced an argument for the development of a feminist zemiology. The analytical themes that emerged from the Chicks on the Corner project were produced and categorised primarily using participant generated photographs. These images depict the multiple intersecting, overlapping, and mutually reinforcing sources of harm production and attempts at harm reduction in participants’ lives. Analysis of the photographs affirm that women who inject drugs experience an array of harms in addition to physical harms related to their drug use. Harms identified by research participants were categorised using Hillyard and Tombs (2004; 2005) zemiological typology. This typology consists of: physical harms, emotional harms, economic harms, and cultural harms (also known as lack of cultural safety). In addition, a new fifth category of harm was created based on participants’ responses, and is called institutional and political harms. The data from the Chicks on the Corner project show how institutional and political harms contributed to the production of the other four categories of harm. Furthermore, the analysis outlines the numerous challenges workers faced in attempting to provide adequate harm reduction responses while experiencing multiple social harms as well. These novel findings suggest the need for expanded definitions of ‘harm’ in harm reduction theory and practices. The findings from the Chicks on the Corner project complement existing literature on harm reduction theory and practice while also adding to the limited body of research on gender- sensitive approaches to harm reduction. This thesis contributes to an expansion of theoretical understandings of harm and harm reduction in relation to women who inject drugs and harm reduction workers, as well as discussing implications for gender sensitive harm reduction practices. Based on this analysis, I propose the development of feminist zemiology as a way to better understanding harm.

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Doody, Josephine. "Exclusion Orders Under the Prevention of Terrorism Acts 1974-1989 : A Social Harm Analysis." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523133.

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Brown, Amy. "Wellbeing, self-harm and social media : a literature review, thematic analysis and reflective account." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2017. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/4437/.

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The use of social media (SM) has grown rapidly and continues to do so as a popular form of communication. SM is most commonly used by young people and adolescents, most of who use it daily. The rates of depression and anxiety in adolescents have also increased rapidly in recent years with a number of individuals within this age group being at an increased risk of developing mental health problems due to a number of social and economic factors. Previous research has reached both positive and negative conclusions about the impact of SM use on adolescent’s wellbeing. The aim of the current literature review is to synthesise and update current research relating to SM use and wellbeing in adolescents and young people, with the specific purpose of remaining relevant to the fast-paced growth of SM sites and their use. A systematic search strategy and selection criteria resulted in nine quantitative papers aimed at answering the question; does online SM use have an impact on adolescents and young people’s wellbeing? Both positive and negative impacts on wellbeing were found (depending on the measure of SM use, definitions of SM use and conceptualisations of wellbeing). Positive impacts on wellbeing included both hedonic and eudaimonic conceptualisations of wellbeing; adolescents self-concept, social connectedness, reducing emotional difficulties, improving self-esteem and reducing depressed mood. Negative impacts on wellbeing focussed more on hedonic conceptualisations of wellbeing and included; increased distress, suicidal ideation, and decline in mood/affect and a decline in life satisfaction ratings. The overall quality of the research was poor. In conclusion further quality research is needed to explore the relationship between SM use and wellbeing. Specifically qualitative research is needed to add richness and depth to the current knowledge in this area.

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Locklear, Amber. "A harm reduction practice model for individuals experiencing homelessness| A grant proposal project." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10105255.

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In fulfillment of the requirements for a Master’s of Social Work degree, a project was developed to increase the services being offered for those experiencing homelessness, substance use, severe mental illness, and co-occurring disorders. The harm reduction model was utilized as a means to assists those in reducing harms associated with substance use. This grant proposal identified homeless individuals in the Service Planning Area (SPA) 6 of South Los Angeles, more specifically the Courtyard of the Midnight Mission as the target group for the harm reduction services. Prevalence rates of harms associated with substance users were noted, as well as the increasing growth of the homeless population in California, specifically the influx of unsheltered individuals in SPA 6. Through participation in weekly group and individual therapy sessions, the group members are expected to benefit from motivation and brief interventions to deter from harms associated with substance use. This strengths-based program embraces the harm reduction principles as a means to educate, motivate, and empower group members to begin the practice of reducing harms associated with substance use. The actual submission or funding of this grant was not a requirement for the successful completion of the project.

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Kelland, Lindsay-Ann. "Understanding the harm of rape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001582.

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The aims of this thesis are twofold: to provide an account of the lived experience of the harm of male-on-female rape in patriarchal societies and, on the basis of this account, to generate suggestions that could be of use in the recovery process for survivors of this type of rape. In order to reach these aims my thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, I propose a phenomenologically based account of women’s situation as a group under patriarchy, according to which women as a group are subjugated to the hegemonic rule of patriarchal ideology. I argue, further, that the meaning, place and pervasiveness of sexual objectification in the lives of women under patriarchy typically results in women’s alienation from their bodies and creates an atmosphere of threat under which women qua women are especially vulnerable to rape. In the second part, I explore the lived experience of the harm of rape; focusing, first, on the reflexive process whereby a survivor attempts to understand how she has been harmed and, second, on providing explanations based on shared features in the lives of women for two phenomena reported to be experienced by rape victims in the aftermath of the trauma, which I call ‘shattering’ and ‘fragmentation'. My discussion of the lived experience of the harm of rape is meant to supplement existing accounts in the contemporary literature that, I argue, are limited to a thirdperson, objective point of view and so fail to provide a link between the harms they describe and the victim’s actual experience of these harms. Finally, I defend two suggestions for the building up of the survivor’s agency and personhood in the aftermath of rape—the deliberate therapeutic use of feminist consciousness-raising and the use of narrative understanding.
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Staros, James. "The Making of Public Morality: Politics, Social Engineering and the Development of a Safer Cigarette." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/264.

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There has been a well-documented and causal relationship between cigarette smoking and disease for over forty years, and at least an implicit concern over tobacco and health for decades, if not centuries prior; however, government policy on how to address tobacco as a public health issue has been erratic. At the turn of the twentieth century, when cigarettes first became a national phenomenon, the federal government imposed few if any regulations, and even encouraged the use of cigarettes. By the 1960s, government, public health entities and the tobacco industry were cooperating to try to fix the problem. Although there was great success in this early, if uneasy alliance, by the 1980s this coalition was fragmented and the search for a pragmatic solution to the tobacco problem came to an abrupt end. This dissertation is an investigation into how policy-makers, tobacco industry executives and public health officials each ignored opportunities to come to a practical solution to the problem which confronted them. The 1960s saw these groups work together to formulate a harm reduction policy approach which would lessen, if not eliminate, the concerns from each constituent group. Despite some significant early successes, this effort was derailed due to partisan positioning, misguided self-interest, and certain individual personalities. This analysis of the safer-cigarette campaign sheds light on a little explored avenue in the tobacco debate, as well as highlights the challenges of policy making in Washington.

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Walker, Tammi. "Women, self-harm and borderline personality disorder : a search for understanding." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2006. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/9283/.

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Adopting a case study approach (Yin, 1984; Stake, 1995;) this study aims to explore the experiences of 'self-harm' by women who have been given a diagnosis of 'borderline personality disorder' (BPD) within one area of a Mental Health NHS Trust. By taking a material-discursive-intrapsychic approach (Ussher, 1999; 2000) this research explores the accounts that have been constructed around 'self-harm' and 'BPD' by mental health professionals working with women and women themselves. This research looks at the ways in which 'self-harm' and the diagnosis of 'BPD' are operationalised by professionals and the implications arising from these constructions and discourses when delivering services to women. The study also explores the narrative accounts of women who access the mental health care arena in relation to their experiences of 'self-harm' and 'BPD', and in particular how they have constructed and experienced such responses in their everyday lives. The process of data gathering for this project was organised in two phases. In the first phase of data gathering eight mental health professionals participated in conversational interviews (Nichols, 1991; Conrad and Schober, 1998). These professionals worked for the Mental Health NHS Trust and each of them aimed to provide care, support and treatment for individuals accessing mental health services. The second phase of the research involved the participation of four women, living in the locality of the NHS Trust, in lengthy narrative interviews (Reissman, 1993). Data analysis for phase one drew upon the guidelines developed by Willig (1999; 2001) and for phase two Reissman's (1993) thematic narrative analysis and Langellier's (1989) personal narrative guided the analytical process. 5 Unlike previous research that has explored 'self-harm' and 'BPD' the present study draws upon social constructionism, critical realism and post-modern thinking. This approach has made it possible for an alternate way of considering 'self-harm' and 'BPO'. Individual women at material, discursive and intrapsychic levels experience this phenomenon. It's meaning to women, and to the mental health care professionals, has to be understood in relation to the specific historical and cultural contexts in which both are positioned and the dominant cultural discourses that exist at these times. By drawing upon a critical realist epistemological standpoint and adopting a materialdiscursive- intrapsychic analysis the present study has been able to incorporate these different layers of the women's subjective experience, and the different types of expert knowledge about 'self-harm' and 'BPO', into one framework. The present study has been able to explore 'self-harm' and 'BPO', both as discursive constructs and a set of symptoms experienced by individual women.

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Hoseason, Alexander. "Between philosophy and social science : the problem of harm in Critical Theory and International Studies." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/2b91f004-8eb7-4f29-b1b3-960669d29119.

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In varying ways, scholars working in the discipline of International Studies have found themselves, often implicitly, wrestling with the question of what should and should not count as harm and the implications of this for wider social life. Core to this tension is the way in which the discipline can be understood as lying between the explanatory concerns of a social science and a normative endeavour concerned with the reduction or mitigation of avoidable harm. This thesis argues that this tension results in an understanding of the problem of harm as a particular problem-field defined by a set of questions that motivate various aspects of theoretical activity. However, it attempts to address the problem of harm as a whole through the lens of Frankfurt School Critical Theory. In doing so, it aims to draw out the implications of the problem of harm for the discipline of International Studies and social science more broadly. The importance accorded to the problem of harm in Critical Theory is the source of considerable problems for an understanding of how social science might operate due to the way that normative concern serves to overwhelm attempts at explanation. This thesis considers Linklater?s sociology of harm conventions a way of rebalancing this equation such that some practical conclusions may be drawn. However, the theoretical underpinnings of this project in the process sociology of Norbert Elias serve to preclude sufficient engagement with normative questions. A reconstruction of the sociology of harm conventions through the ontology of critical realism serves to resituate the production of sociological knowledge with regard to normative concern, and re-theorise the link between them. Following this reconstruction it becomes possible, through Critical Theory, to address the kind of theory that is needed in order to interrogate the problem of harm in International Studies.

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Dupee, Justin. "Reducing self-harm| Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for transitional-age youth A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527920.

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The purpose of this project was to partner with a local host agency, locate a potential funding source and write a grant to obtain funding for a Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) group. This DBT project will address the needs of the Transitional Age Youth (TAY) population in Orange County, California. A literature review was conducted to examine the best practices of working with the TAY population, and to examine history, policies, etc. related to DBT. This DBT TAY program will prepare/support TAYs in reducing incidents of self-harm and psychiatric hospitalizations as well as equip them with the skills to find a meaningful role in their community, successfully communicate and interact with friends and family and work toward their stated goals. The actual submission or funding of this grant was not a requirement for the successful completion of the project.

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Spång, Martin. "NARKOTIKAPOLITIKEN SOM FÖRT MISSBRUKARE I GRAVEN : Professionella inom beroendevårdens inställning till harm reduction-insatser och avkriminalisering gällande eget bruk av narkotika." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-43331.

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The purpose of this study is to explore professional drug addiction care workers’ attitudes towards harm reduction interventions. The data collection was conducted through digital survey mailed to mangers and staff. In total 73 individuals choose to answer the survey. The biopsychosocial perspective and stigmatization theory were used to theoretically reflect on the results. Most respondents reported positive attitudes towards maintenance treatment, needle exchange programs and overdose prevention with naloxone. The result also shows that the majority of respondents’ have a negative attitude towards injection rooms and decriminalization of drugs for personal use. Moreover, staff with higher education reported more positive attitudes towards maintenance treatment, needle exchange, injection rooms and decriminalization of drugs for personal use. In conclusion, it is important to recognize and spread new developments and evidence-based research regarding harm reduction and decriminalization of narcotics drugs. Based on the respondents’ negative attitudes towards implement injection rooms and decriminalize drugs for personal use, but also the improvement of staffs’ attitudes that present study found it is supposed that neglecting prohibition and showing zero tolerance towards personal use will probably disappear in the future even in Sweden.

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Partridge, Melissa. "Child and adolescent mental health service’s knowledge, opinions and understandings of adolescent Self-Harm and social media: Is Self-Harm the same for different health professionals?" Thesis, Partridge, Melissa (2013) Child and adolescent mental health service’s knowledge, opinions and understandings of adolescent Self-Harm and social media: Is Self-Harm the same for different health professionals? Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2013. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/19216/.

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Self-harm and suicide are serious health concerns facing contemporary society, to the extent that some have even declared both to be at epidemic levels. The decision to mainstream mental health into generalist health services, has meant that many health professionals are being required to treat self-harm, despite never having received any specific knowledge or training about it, and whilst potentially harbouring negative attitudes towards the behaviour. The study reported here developed a 51-item Self-harm Survey, to assess whether CAMHS medical and nursing staff (generalist health professionals) differed from allied health and support service employees in their general knowledge, opinions and understandings, and workplace experiences relating to self-harm, as well as in their views on the impact social media has on self-harming adolescents. 82 CAMHS participants completed the survey. Results indicated that contrary to the hypothesis, medical and nursing staff were found to have higher general knowledge than allied health and support service staff, providing evidence that current training programs being administered to address the gap in knowledge have been effective. However, it appears from both the qualitative and quantitative analyses that such programs need to be updated to include proactive support skills, especially around the link between self-harm and social media. Keywords: self-harm, adolescents, clinical attitudes, CAMHS, social media

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Laskytė, Agnė. "Social and psychological characteristics of 15-17 year old Lithuanian pupils who deliberately cause self-harm." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090518_152241-70608.

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For over a decade, suicides of young people have been a very important public health concern. The number of suicides among the school-aged children varies from 20 to 33 per annum, whereas suicide as the cause of death is number three on the list of causes. Research carried out in various countries provide clear evidence that one of the most threatening signs of the possible suicidal behaviour is self-harm or attempted suicide at an early age. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of the risk factors for deliberate self-harm is very important not only for scientific reasons, but for the prevention of suicides of young people. The aim of dissertation is to research social and psychological peculiarities of deliberate self-harm of 15-17 year old Lithuanian pupils. In order to achieve the aim, the following objectives were set: 1. To assess distribution of pupils’ deliberate self-harm, types of self-harm, and socio-demographic irregularities. 2. To disclose subjective reasons for deliberate self-harm of pupils. 3. To analyse the relationship between stressful life experience and pupils’ deliberate self-harm. 4. To identify the importance of smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse to deliberate self-harm. 5. To investigate the relationship between the pupils’ deliberate self-harm and subjective indices of psychic health and general condition. 6. To assess the need for help to pupils who deliberately harm themselves.
Jaunų žmonių savižudybės jau daugiau kaip dešimtmetį išlieka labai svarbia visuomenės sveikatos problema. Mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų savižudybių skaičius per metus svyruoja nuo 20 iki 33, o savižudybė pagal dažnį yra trečioje vietoje mirties priežasčių sąraše. Įvairiose šalyse atlikti tyrimai pateikia neabejotinų įrodymų, jog vienas grėsmingiausių galimo savižudiško elgesio rizikos ženklų yra sąmoningas savęs žalojimas ar bandymai žudytis jauname amžiuje. Todėl gilesnis sąmoningo savęs žalojimo rizikos veiksnių pažinimas yra labai svarbus ne tik mokslo, bet jaunų žmonių savižudybių prevencijos požiūriu. Disertacinio darbo tikslas — ištirti sąmoningai save žalojančių 15–17 metų Lietuvos moksleivių socialinius bei psichologinius ypatumus. Tikslui pasiekti iškelti šie uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti moksleivių sąmoningo savęs žalojimo paplitimą, būdus bei jų sociodemografinius netolygumus. 2. Atskleisti subjektyvias moksleivių sąmoningo savęs žalojimo priežastis. 3. Išanalizuoti ryšius tarp stresą sukeliančios gyvenimo patirties ir moksleivių sąmoningo savęs žalojimo. 4. Nustatyti rūkymo, alkoholio bei narkotikų vartojimo reikšmę moksleivių sąmoningam savęs žalojimui. 5. Išnagrinėti moksleivių sąmoningo savęs žalojimo, subjektyvių psichikos sveikatos bei savijautos rodiklių sąsajas. 6. Įvertinti save žalojančių moksleivių pagalbos poreikius.

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McCullagh, Karen. "The social, cultural, epistemological and technical basis of the concept of 'private' data." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-social-cultural-epistemological-and-technical-basis-of-the-concept-of-private-data(e2ea538a-8e5b-43e3-8dc2-4cdf602a19d3).html.

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In July 2008, the UK Information Commissioner launched a review of EU Directive 95/46/EC on the basis that: “European data protection law is increasingly seen as out of date, bureaucratic and excessively prescriptive. It is showing its age and is failing to meet new challenges to privacy, such as the transfer of personal details across international borders and the huge growth in personal information online. It is high time the law is reviewed and updated for the modern world.” Legal practitioners such as Bergkamp have expressed a similar sense of dissatisfaction with the current legislative approach: “Data Protection as currently conceived by the EU is a fallacy. It is a shotgun remedy against an incompletely conceptualised problem. It is an emotional, rather than rational reaction to feelings of discomfort with expanding data flows. The EU regime is not supported by any empirical data on privacy risks and demand…A future EU privacy program should focus on actual harms and apply targeted remedies.” Accordingly, this thesis critiques key concepts of existing data protection legislation, namely ‘personal’ and ‘sensitive’ data, in order to explore whether current data protection laws can simply be amended and supplemented to manage privacy in the information society. The findings from empirical research will demonstrate that a more radical change in EU law and policy is required to effectively address privacy in the digital economy. To this end, proposed definitions of data privacy and private data was developed and tested through semi-structured interviews with privacy and data protection experts. The expert responses indicate that Bergkamp et al have indeed identified a potential future direction for privacy and data protection, but that further research is required in order to develop a coherent definition of privacy protection based on managing risks to personal data, and harm from misuse of such information.

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Fife, Sarah. "A feasibility study to evaluate a self-harm group in psychiatric inpatient settings." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22370/.

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Despite being the most common reason for admission to psychiatric inpatient services in the UK (Bowers, 2005), no evidence-based treatment currently exists for self-harm in this setting (Turner, Austin & Chapman, 2014; Winter et al., 2007). Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) has found promising results in treating self-harm in outpatient settings (Linehan, 1993a). More recently, there have been favourable results from a DBT-informed group in an inpatient setting (Gibson, Booth, Davenport, Keogh & Owens, 2014), however the intervention was longer than the average stay on an inpatient ward (23 days; Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2014). The aim of the current study was to assess the feasibility of a novel DBT-informed group for people who self-harm within the average length of an inpatient stay. The ‘Coping with Crisis’ (CwC) group protocol was compiled using DBT skills (Linehan, 1993a), with particular focus on crisis management strategies. In line with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines for feasibility studies (Eldridge et al., 2016), the aim was to collect data on the rates of recruitment, retention, outcome measure completion and participant feedback, in order to inform the design of a main study. Twenty-four participants were recruited from an inpatient ward in a National Health Service (NHS) Trust. Results suggest that the clinicians and participants found the CwC group acceptable and it was found to be feasible to run the group and research study on an inpatient ward. However, the study experienced several challenges in terms of recruiting to target (80% achieved), retaining participants in the treatment groups and completed post-intervention outcome measures (n = 9; 38%). This information, in addition to feedback from the participants can be used to inform adaptions to the study design and make recommendations to improve outcomes for future research.

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Caulfield, Anne. "What helps? : an exploration of protective factors and self-harm." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16450.

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Background: Self-harm is important considering the demand it places on health services and its strong association as a risk factor for suicide. Research regarding protective factors for self-harm is limited, protective factors can be personal or social resources that reduce the impact of negative consequences, in the face of stressors. Identifying protective factors is important, provided they can be enhanced and utilised to inform intervention. Aims: This thesis had two aims; to systematically review the literature investigating the relationship between social support and suicidality, and to use Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to explore the factors that support desistance from self-harm. Methods: Quantitative studies, exploring the relationship between social support and suicidality were reviewed systematically. The empirical study employed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to investigate self-harm behaviour in context, identify potential protective factors and explore what participants have found to be helpful to desist from selfharm behaviour. Semi structured interviews were conducted with nine participants (18- 61years) recruited from the Adult Community Mental Health Team. Results: Findings of the systematic review indicate that there is an association between poor social support and increased suicidality in adulthood. In the empirical study four main themes emerged from the data: Self-harm provided Relief from Psychological Distress, Difficulties Communicating, Social support and Gradual desistance. Conclusions: Social support may be an important factor that protects against suicidality; however further research is required to investigate this association. Findings from the empirical study suggest that treatment providers must be sensitive to the context and function of self-harm behaviour for the individual, and be willing to work to reduce the self-harm behaviour, while being cognisant that self-harm may be protective for the individual and prevent more severe self-harm or even suicide.

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Steggals, Peter. "Making sense of self-harm : exploring the cultural meaning and social context of non-suicidal self-injury." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2143.

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Non-suicidal self-injury, more popularly referred to as ‘self-harm,’ has become a well established and somewhat haunting presence within late-modern western culture, however in marked contrast to the recent history of its cultural power and social presence, its clinical analysis and scientific exploration have proven confused, fragmented, and faltering. I argue here that these problems arise from a tendency to model self-harm as an individual psychopathological mechanism, an approach which tends to overlook the meanings and contexts which embed and pervade it as a cultural pattern, a social phenomenon, and a personal practice. By contrast I explore self-harm as a late-modern idiom of personal distress and emotional dysphoria, and argue that in order to make sense of it we must try to understand its meaning and not just its mechanism. I pursue this more situated exploration of self-harm through my research question: what are the discursive conditions of possibility which allow ‘self-harm’ to take on the meaning that it has in late-modern culture, and which allow it to exist as a meaningful category of action, and ‘the self-harmer’ to exist as a meaningful category of person. To help in this exploration I identify the key concepts and systems of meaning used to represent and understand self-harm across the multiple social sites in which discourse about it is produced. I do this through a cultural sociological approach especially influenced by Foucault’s archaeological method, and work with a hermeneutic analysis of a range of data, including non-structured interviews, psycho-medical texts which represent expert systems of knowledge governing understandings of self-harm, and popular representations in magazines, newspapers and other media. In this way I address the very conditions upon which self-harm can exist and work as a meaningful idiom in late-modern culture, or in other words: I seek to make self-harm make sense.

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Brett-Taylor, Lucy. "The lived experiences of females in mid-adolescence who use social media in relation to self-harm." Thesis, University of East London, 2015. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/4549/.

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Social media use and self-harm prevalence are both highest among young people. Many explanatory models of self-harm have been proposed which are helpful in understanding the functions self-harm serve. Social media is a relatively new phenomenon requiring further research to increase understanding of the psychological processes associated with its use. The connection between self-harm and social media has received increased media attention in recent years and is of clinical and social importance. The current study intended to increase the understanding of the connection between the two phenomena. Seven females in mid-adolescence accessing a DBT service were interviewed about their use of social media in relation to self-harm. Their interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Data analysis led to the identification of four super-ordinate themes, extension of everyday social media use, unexpected pitfalls; expected benefits and misunderstandings: “unless you’re part of it, you wouldn’t understand it”. The findings suggest that social media is used in a number of ways in relation to self-harm and its use is frequently an extension of the way young people use social media more generally. This is influenced by many factors. Its use can lead to pitfalls and benefits and navigating between the two is difficult and can be misunderstood by others. The consideration of the findings in relation to the wider research context has increased knowledge about the use of social media in relation to self-harm within this population. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research are suggested.

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Navarrete, Gino A. "ASSESSMENT OF SUPERVISEE CONFIDENCE TO INITIATE DISCUSSION OF HARM WITH FIELD SUPERVISOR." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/543.

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An imbalance of the power differential between supervisee and field supervisor has led to a complex issue during field supervision such as an inability to initiate discussion of harm. The purpose of this study was to educate students on harm in field supervision, potential repercussions if harm is not discussed with their field supervisor, and steps that can be taken by MSW students to assess confidence to initiate discussion of harm with their field supervisors. It was hypothesized that MSW students receiving an educational training on harm in field supervision will have more confidence to initiate discussion of harm with their field supervisors. A quantitative one-group pretest-posttest study was designed for this research study. Also, pre-test and post-test surveys were distributed to participants, and an educational training powerpoint on the significance of harm during field supervision was implemented between the pre-test and post-test surveys. A paired differences t-test was used to assess for changes in MSW student confidence to initiate discussion of harm with field supervisors. The results of this study indicated that MSW students were not more likely to discuss harm with their field supervisor as a result of receiving an educational powerpoint on the importance of discussion, so this study failed to reject the null hypothesis. This study assisted with informing MSW students about the possible repercussions, and the importance of not informing their field supervisors that they were harmed. In addition, future MSW students would be informed about alternatives to discuss harm by their field supervisors if one does not feel safe to do so with their own field supervisors.

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Fye, Victoria Lynn. "Self-Injurious Behavior and Social Media Use by Adolescents." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7003.

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There is a surprising dearth of research related to the phenomenon of self-injurious behavior/nonsuicidal self-injury (SIB/NSSI), such as cutting. Research conducted on SIB has revealed that this maladaptive behavior is more common among adolescents than other populations. The act of posting SIB on social media deserves research attention, as it seems to contradict what had previously been considered a very private behavior. The goal of this qualitative case study was to better understand why adolescents engage in SIB as well as investigate why they post these behaviors on social media. Merton's theory of social strain and anomie, which focuses on impulse control and management being dependent on having social order; Erikson's developmental stages, specifically Identity Versus Role Confusion; and Siegel's research with the adolescent brain were used for the study's theoretical framework. A qualitative observational case study of 30 YouTube videos was conducted to examine what individuals posted about their SIB, why individuals engaged in SIB, and why individuals posted their SIB on social media. Explanations for posting SIB on YouTube ranged from describing the actual objects used for self-harm to expressing shame for engaging in the behavior. The responses for engaging in SIB revealed that the need for self-expression was significant and that the behavior was a means for coping with mental illness or trauma, familial conflict, or some shame related to a failure to conform to social norms. The implications for positive social change include an increased awareness of this behavior for parents, teachers, medical personnel, and mental health providers to better inform treatment and interventions.

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McMullan, Julie Clare. "Deliberate self-harm websites and social media platforms : an exploration of views from users and the voluntary sector." Thesis, Ulster University, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720882.

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Aim: As a major public health issue deliberate self-harm (DSH) is more common than suicide. Set in such a context the aim of this study was to explore the use of related DSH websites and social media platforms, seeking to gain insight into the perceptions and experiences of those who use such online platforms as well as UK agencies working with those engaged in this behaviour. Theoretical Perspective: The model chosen for this study was Nock and Prinstein’s (2004) ‘The Four Factor Model ofNon-Suicidal Self-Injury’. Method: The study was conducted in three stages. Stage 1: Walker and Avant’s (2005) concept analysis approach was used as a framework to explore the meaning of the concept ‘DSH’. Stage 2: Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals in mental health voluntary agencies across the UK working with those who DSH. Stage 3: Fifteen interviews were completed with users of DSH websites and social media via face to face, telephone and desktop videoconferencing (typed chat). Findings: The concept analysis resulted in a new definition and understanding of DSH. Stage 2 and 3 interviews identified a significant difference between the knowledge of behaviour websites and social media of those working in voluntary agencies and that of the actual user’s. In addition participants acknowledged the inadequate support available to those over the age of forty. Conclusions: The study has provided an understanding of the motivation individuals have for accessing DSH websites and social media platforms. It has described how such sites support users in a manner which for them is not easily or readily found in the real world. The conclusions recommend improved training for health professional staff, for features to be included on DSH websites/social media appropriate for those aged 40 years plus and for the users themselves to be involved in the development of such sites.

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Jangebrink, Jenny, and Emelie Mattsson. "Barns delaktighet vid överklagande av LVU : En systematisk genomgång av hur barn har fått komma till tals i skriftliga domslut." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och kriminologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29940.

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Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur stor andel barn mellan 10–14 år som tydligt fått komma till tals samt hur deras utsagor uttrycks i de skriftliga domsluten vid överklagande av LVU till kammarrätten. En kategorisering av alla domslut från utvald kammarrätt gjordes för att sedan välja ut åtta av domsluten att granska kvalitativt utifrån Harts delaktighetsstege och barndomssociologi. Resultatet visade att barn i mindre än hälften av domsluten tydligt fått komma till tals och att barnets åsikt uttrycks i olika stor utsträckning i de skriftliga domsluten, dock framkommer inte barnets åsikter i avsnittet skäl för beslut i domslutet. Barn anses ofta i förhållande till vuxna inte vara tillräckligt mogna vilket kan medför att de inte får vara aktiva aktörer och att deras handlingsutrymme begränsas. Vuxna som arbetar med barn måste vara medvetna om den komplexitet som råder mellan barnets rätt till delaktighet och barnets bästa.
The aim of this study was to examine the proportion of children between ages 10-14 who clearly got to express themselves and how their views were expressed in written documents when appealing LVU to kammarrätten. A categorization of all judgments from a court were made, the eight were selected to examine qualitatively supported by Hart's ladder of participation and childhood sociology. The result showed that children in less than half of the judgements clearly got to express themselves and that the child's words were noted to varying degrees, however, in the section reasons for decision the child’s views were not included. Children are often not considered sufficiently mature in relation to adults, which means that they may not be active actors and that their room for maneuver is restricted. Adults working with children must be aware of the complexity between the child's right to participation and the child’s best interests.

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Melberg, Camilla, and Frida Andersson. "Självskadebeteende : En studie om identitet och självuppfattning." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-22082.

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The purpose is to illustrate the phenomenon of self-harm from a social psychological and sociological perspective. The purpose is furthermore to examine the role social relationships play in the individuals´ self- imagine and what role does identification play for anyone who harm themselves? We want to examine in what way social relationships are important and how they function for individuals who harm themselves, both once they have started to harm themselves, and if the relationships in any part caused the cutting to begin with. Questions: How do individuals shape their identity based on self- harm? Which self-image do individuals have who self-harm? Is there anything in the person's previous social relationships that have caused them to begin to hurt themselves? Method: In this paper we have analyzed five autobiographies. We have used open coding from grounded theory as analytical method and subject positions based on discourse analysis. Theory: We have used the Cooley concepts looking glass self, Foucault's theory of power, Giddens' concept of ontological security and existential anxiety. Results and Analysis: We found six different categories that we thought were central. These were negative self-image, guilt, lack of family support, negative experiences of others' views, the protective identity as self- harmer and insecure social relationships in school. Conclusion: The self-harming is a very complex behavior. In this paper we have found that social relationship has a major influence on if a person begins to develop self-harm. The negative social impact on social relations in childhood plays a particularly important role and affects the individual's identity and self-image. Identity was both linked to the development of a negative self-image and difficulty to stop harm themselves when upset, it was the thing they identified with and which gave them security.

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Mcneish, Roxann. "An exploration of threatened harm as a type of maltreatment and its relation to recurrence of maltreatment." Scholar Commons, 2013. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5074.

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There were no studies found in the literature that primarily focused on threatened harm as type of maltreatment. This study utilized Florida's child welfare administrative data to explore threatened harm as a type of maltreatment, particularly as a predictor of recurrence of maltreatment within six and 12 months for children who had a verified report of maltreatment in FY2005-2006. Threatened harm was examined in three ways; when it was reported as the only maltreatment, the initial maltreatment, and in situations where there was a prior report. The most prevalent acts of threatened harm were examined separately. It was examined as a predictor of recurrence of any maltreatment and also as a predictor of recurrence of a different type of maltreatment. The results of bivariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that children who experienced threatened harm were at increased odds for recurrence of maltreatment overall. The odds were found to be greater within 12 months, for children who had a prior report and for children who experienced a substance related threatened harm. Children with a prior report were also found to be more likely to experience recurrence of a different type of maltreatment. Implications of these findings are discussed.

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Gronow, Thomas M. "Do No Harm| A Case Study of Interprofessional Healthcare Team Adaptation in Response to Adverse Events." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10749775.

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This qualitative, explanatory case study addressed one primary research question: How do interprofessional healthcare teams adapt in response to an adverse event? There were two subquestions: How does employing the components of change enable interprofessional healthcare teams to adapt? and How does employing the components of team enable interprofessional healthcare teams to adapt? Despite knowledge of the benefits of interprofessional teams, flawed teamwork is often to blame for adverse events (Manser, 2009). Unfortunately, most studies have not identified what aspects of teamwork need to be improved to prevent adverse events. In addition, Bowie, Skinner, and de Wet (2013) concluded from a study of healthcare root cause analysis (RCA) conducted after adverse events that only 82% of changes suggested by the RCA were implemented fully or partially. Literature that addresses how teams adapt after an adverse event is limited.

This study examined three interprofessional healthcare teams within a large academic medical center. Data gathered from document review, supervisor interviews, focus groups, and team member interviews were used to explain how teams adapted in response to an adverse event by examining factors related to change and teams. The contributions of factors of change and teams to team adaptation were also revealed.

The study offered the following broad conclusions. First, it is important to capture ongoing learnings from teams beyond the RCA. Second, the type and pace of change contribute to how ambiguity manifests. Third, a common mental model focused on the patient enables teams to make changes to reduce harm. Fourth, strong communication and leadership can help reduce ambiguity resulting from change. Fifth, team learning is robust when relationship conflict is minimal and psychological safety is strong. Lastly, team adaptation is composed of cognitive and behavioral adaptations, which are enabled by change and team factors, respectively. The study concludes with implications for theory and practice, as well as recommendations for further research.

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Caswell, Timothy Andrew. "The Harm of Influence: When Exposure to Homosexuality Elicits Anger and Punishment Tendencies." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4452.

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In the current project, I examined the distinct elicitors and behavioral outcomes of anti-gay anger and anti-gay disgust. The CAD triad hypothesis (Rozin, Lower, Imada, & Haidt, 1999) suggests that anger and disgust are elicited by distinct moral violations and cognitive appraisals. A plethora of research has documented the strong link between disgust and sexual prejudice, but very little attention has been given to the role of anger in sexual prejudice. The biocultural framework of stigmatization (Neuberg, Smith, & Asher, 2000) suggests that people who counter-socialize against prevailing social norms are stigmatized by others. If homosexual sexual behavior does not elicit anti-gay anger (Giner-Sorrolla, Bosson, Caswell & Hettinger, 2012), then anti-gay anger might be elicited by promoting positive views of homosexuality. In Study 1, participants were induced to feel anger, disgust, or no emotion and then rated one of two gay male target groups. I expected that cognitive appraisals of morality violation would increase when the emotional state was congruent with the perceived threat posed by the target, but the emotion induction failed to elicit differences in cognitive appraisals. The results of Study 2, collected from a non-student sample, were also inconsistent with my hypothesis. Sexually explicit behavior did not elicit disgust, and behavior which resulted in more tolerant attitudes toward homosexuality failed to elicit anger and harm appraisals. These results suggest that sexual prejudice research requires stricter experimental control than online data collection methods currently allow.

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Štelemėkas, Mindaugas. "Alkoholio vartojimo socialinė ir ekonominė žala Lietuvoje." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140904_150421-41383.

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Disertacijoje vertinta su alkoholio vartojimu siejama socialinė ir ekonominė žala Lietuvoje. Pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai buvo įvertinti su alkoholio vartojimu susijusį mirtingumą, ligotumą ir netektą darbingumą, nustatyti su alkoholio vartojimu susijusių teisėtvarkos pažeidimų apimtis bei įvertinti su alkoholio vartojimu susijusią ekonominę žalą Lietuvoje 2010 m. Tyrime analizuoti Higienos instituto, SVEIDRA, Neįgalumo ir darbingumo nustatymo tarnybos, Statistikos departamento, Informatikos ir ryšių departamento, Valstybinio psichikos sveikatos centro, Valstybinės ligonių kasos, Lietuvos kelių policijos tarnybos, Kalėjimų departamento bei Socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministerijos duomenys. Analizuojant alkoholio vartojimo žalą sveikatai iš viso buvo vertintos 55 ligos ir būklės (ar jų grupės), visiškai ar iš dalies siejamos su alkoholinių gėrimų vartojimu. 22 iš šių būklių visiškai siejamos tik su alkoholinių gėrimų vartojimu. Likusi dalis – iš dalies alkoholio sąlygojamos būklės, kurių tam tikros proporcijos priskyrimas alkoholio žalai pagrįstas remiantis Lietuvai apskaičiuotomis alkoholiui priskiriamomis dalimis (angl. Alcohol-attributable fractions). Disertacijos rezultatai parodė, kad alkoholio vartojimo sąlygojama socialinė ir ekonominė žala atsispindi daugelyje socialinės gerovės sričių, o tiesiogiai sveikatos priežiūrai tenkanti alkoholio vartojimo sukeliamos socialinės ir ekonominės žalos dalis tėra tik vienas iš daugelio šios žalos komponentų.
The aim of this dissertation was to evaluate the social and economic harm of alcohol in Lithuania. The main objectives were to estimate alcohol-attributable mortality, morbidity, disabilities, to evaluate alcohol related violations of law, and to estimate alcohol-attributable economic costs in Lithuania in 2010. The study includes the data from Institute of Hygiene, SVEIDRA, Disability and Capacity Assessment Service, Department of Statistics, Information Technology and Communications Department, State Mental Health Center, State Patient Fund, Lithuanian Traffic Police Office, Prison Department and Ministry of Social Security and Labour. In total this study included 55 conditions and groups of conditions that are fully or partially attributable to alcohol. 22 of those conditions are 100 per cent attributable to alcohol. The rest were partially attributable to alcohol, which were estimated by applying the Lithuanian specific Alcohol-attributable fractions. The results of this dissertation have identified that alcohol-attributable social and economic harm to society is widely spread across many social welfare sectors, as well as direct health care costs is only one of many alcohol-attributable harm components.

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Axelsson, Camilla, and Josefin Karlsson. "Hela min själ är fylld utav sår : En studie utifrån kvinnors egna upplevelser av att leva med självskadebeteende." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-39550.

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This study intends to illuminate women’s experiences of their own self-harm. Self-harm is mostly associated with women and research shows that women mostly are over-represented. This study describes women’s experiences about their self-harm but also how they perceive the elements around them during their illness. There is a focus on women’s abilities to manage emotions and how they are expressed. There is also a focus on how women perceive the support from important people in their individual social network. This study is completed by a qualitative approach based on six autobiographies there young women tells about their self-harm and mental health. The study has a hermeneutic approach which enables interpretation of our collected material. The result is presented based on two themes that focus on the women’s emotional management and their support from their social network. The empirical material is analyzed on the basis of theoretical concepts of systems theory and network theory but also Antonovsky’s (1987) theory; KASAM. The result of this study resulted that the women’s social network have significance for them during the time with self-harm whether their social network are functional or not. The study has also found that the women’s emotional management are affected by meaningsfullness, manageability and comprehensibility.

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Schneiderman, Maya Danielle. "THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOCIETAL RESPONSE TO THE HARM OF TOBACCO VERSUS THE HARM OF CLIMATE CHANGE: THE ROLE OF PARTY DISCOURSE ON THE POLARIZATION OF PUBLIC OPINION." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1528314554965568.

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Woods, Sally C. "Heroin and methadone substitution treatments : harm reduction and the effectiveness of 'flexible' prescribing for the treatment of opioid dependency." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2005. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5852/.

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In the mid 1990's the UK government began to focus on problem heroin use mainly as a drug related crime issue, and so attracting and retaining clients became a treatment priority. The concept of flexible prescribing, matching individual clients to treatment programmes appropriate to their drug using history and circumstances, began to gain support amongst politicians and clinicians. As part of this shift in emphasis, prescribing heroin to heroin addicts re-emerged as a treatment option. Injectable (and smokable) diamorphine (pharmaceutical heroin) began to be prescribed in a small number of drug dependency units under the direction of local psychiatrists, including two in North West England. One hundred and thirty three registered drug users were interviewed between August 1995 and February 1997 using a structured questionnaire. Three key areas and their association with heroin substitution prescribing were addressed; levels of criminal activity, levels of illicit drug use, and a range of client held perceptions and attributions regarding coping/quality of life. The mean age of the sample was 30 years, and 75% were male. 61% had used illicit heroin in the past month, spending on average £638, on a habit of 4g per week. Clients were subdivided on a number of variables and comparisons were made between groups according to (IV) prescription type (which drug), and form (injectable/smokable/oral mixture). Significant differences were found across each of three key variables, including differing levels of illicit drug use according to prescription form, and differing levels of specific criminal activity according to prescription type. Significant effects included; Clients on prescriptions which included ampoules were significantly more likely to report being able to cope with life, and spent significantly less time on drug taking activities, than those clients receiving other prescriptions. Clients on prescriptions which included `reefers' (smokable) reported significantly less shop lifting than clients receiving other prescriptions. It was concluded that the available empirical evidence regarding heroin prescribing is limited, and although some clinicians are yet to be convinced, it seems heroin does have its merits as a viable treatment option. Issues of cost and possible dispersion remain, and are discussed in relation to the continuing development of substitution treatment policy in the UK.

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Gething, Steven. "Are the offences in the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) legitimate and effective? : an analysis based in harm and social norms theory." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63909/1/Steven_Gething_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examines the effectiveness of offences in the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) in the online environment. The application of social norm theories suggests that the offences will be ineffective in creating an effective deterrent to non-commercial copyright infringement.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social Harms'

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