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Journal articles on the topic 'Social foraging'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Ydenberg, Ron, and Paul Schmid-Hempel. "Modelling social insect foraging." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 9, no. 12 (December 1994): 491–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(94)90321-2.

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2

PACKER, C., and T. M. CARO. "Foraging costs in social carnivores." Animal Behaviour 54, no. 5 (November 1997): 1317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1997.0480.

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3

Ellis, David H., James C. Bednarz, Dwight G. Smith, and Stephen P. Flemming. "Social Foraging Classes in Raptorial Birds." BioScience 43, no. 1 (January 1993): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312102.

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4

Waite, Thomas A. "The Bible of Social Foraging Theory." Ecology 82, no. 3 (March 2001): 906–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0906:tbosft]2.0.co;2.

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5

Mann, Ofri, and Moshe Kiflawi. "Social foraging with partial (public) information." Journal of Theoretical Biology 359 (October 2014): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.05.044.

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6

Brown, Charles R. "Social foraging in cliff swallows revisited." Animal Behaviour 39, no. 6 (June 1990): 1216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80796-1.

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7

Richter, M. Raveret. "Social Wasp (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Foraging Behavior." Annual Review of Entomology 45, no. 1 (January 2000): 121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.121.

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8

Gazi, V., and K. M. Passino. "Stability Analysis of Social Foraging Swarms." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics) 34, no. 1 (February 2004): 539–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2003.817077.

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9

Sontag, Charles, David Sloan Wilson, and R. Stimson Wilcox. "Social foraging in Bufo americanus tadpoles." Animal Behaviour 72, no. 6 (December 2006): 1451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.05.006.

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10

Giles, Sarah L., Pat Harris, Sean A. Rands, and Christine J. Nicol. "Foraging efficiency, social status and body condition in group-living horses and ponies." PeerJ 8 (November 9, 2020): e10305. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10305.

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Individual animals experience different costs and benefits associated with group living, which may impact on their foraging efficiency in ways not yet well specified. This study investigated associations between social dominance, body condition and interruptions to foraging behaviour in a cross-sectional study of 116 domestic horses and ponies, kept in 20 discrete herds. Social dominance was measured for each individual alongside observations of winter foraging behaviour. During bouts of foraging, the duration, frequency and category (vigilance, movement, social displacements given and received, scratching and startle responses) of interruptions were recorded, with total interruption time taken as a proxy measure of foraging efficiency. Total foraging time was not influenced by body condition or social dominance. Body condition was associated with social dominance, but more strongly associated with foraging efficiency. Specifically, lower body condition was associated with greater vigilance. This demonstrates that factors other than social dominance can result in stable differences in winter body condition.
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Rehan, Sandra M., Susan J. Bulova, and Sean O''Donnell. "Cumulative Effects of Foraging Behavior and Social Dominance on Brain Development in a Facultatively Social Bee (Ceratina australensis)." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 85, no. 2 (2015): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381414.

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In social insects, both task performance (foraging) and dominance are associated with increased brain investment, particularly in the mushroom bodies. Whether and how these factors interact is unknown. Here we present data on a system where task performance and social behavior can be analyzed simultaneously: the small carpenter bee Ceratina australensis. We show that foraging and dominance have separate and combined cumulative effects on mushroom body calyx investment. Female C. australensis nest solitarily and socially in the same populations at the same time. Social colonies comprise two sisters: the social primary, which monopolizes foraging and reproduction, and the social secondary, which is neither a forager nor reproductive but rather remains at the nest as a guard. We compare the brains of solitary females that forage and reproduce but do not engage in social interactions with those of social individuals while controlling for age, reproductive status, and foraging experience. Mushroom body calyx volume was positively correlated with wing wear, a proxy for foraging experience. We also found that, although total brain volume did not vary among reproductive strategies (solitary vs. social nesters), socially dominant primaries had larger mushroom body calyx volumes (corrected for both brain and body size variation) than solitary females; socially subordinate secondaries (that are neither dominant nor foragers) had the least-developed mushroom body calyces. These data demonstrate that sociality itself does not explain mushroom body volume; however, achieving and maintaining dominance status in a group was associated with mushroom body calyx enlargement. Dominance and foraging effects were cumulative; dominant social primary foragers had larger mushroom body volumes than solitary foragers, and solitary foragers had larger mushroom body volumes than nonforaging social secondary guards. This is the first evidence for cumulative effects on brain development by dominance and task performance.
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12

ñañez, Pablo, and Nicanor Quijano. "Honeybee Social Foraging for Urban Traffic Control." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 42, no. 15 (2009): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20090902-3-us-2007.0081.

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13

Templeton, Jennifer J., and Luc-Alain Giraldeau. "Social foraging in cliff swallows: a critique." Animal Behaviour 39, no. 6 (June 1990): 1213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80794-8.

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14

Pu, Shi, Alfredo Garcia, and Zongli Lin. "Noise Reduction by Swarming in Social Foraging." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 61, no. 12 (December 2016): 4007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2016.2529958.

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15

Eifler, Douglas A., and Maria A. Eifler. "Social foraging in the lizard Ameiva corax." Behavioral Ecology 25, no. 6 (2014): 1347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/aru129.

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16

Fernández-Juricic, Esteban, Jonathan T. Erichsen, and Alex Kacelnik. "Visual perception and social foraging in birds." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19, no. 1 (January 2004): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2003.10.003.

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17

Caraco, T., C. Barkan, J. L. Beacham, L. Brisbin, S. Lima, A. Mohan, J. A. Newman, W. Webb, and M. L. Withiam. "Dominance and social foraging: a laboratory study." Animal Behaviour 38, no. 1 (July 1989): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(89)80064-8.

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18

Egert-Berg, Katya, Edward R. Hurme, Stefan Greif, Aya Goldstein, Lee Harten, Luis Gerardo Herrera M., José Juan Flores-Martínez, et al. "Resource Ephemerality Drives Social Foraging in Bats." Current Biology 28, no. 22 (November 2018): 3667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.064.

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19

Fowler, H. G. "Social facilitation during foraging inAgelaia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." Naturwissenschaften 79, no. 9 (September 1992): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01138578.

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20

Fülöp, Attila, Zoltán Németh, Bianka Kocsis, Bettina Deák-Molnár, Tímea Bozsoky, and Zoltán Barta. "Personality and social foraging tactic use in free-living Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus)." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 4 (March 12, 2019): 894–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz026.

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AbstractGroup-foraging individuals often use alternative behavioral tactics to acquire food: some individuals, the producers, actively search for food, whereas others, the scroungers, look for opportunities to exploit the finders’ discoveries. Although the use of social foraging tactics is partly flexible, yet some individuals tend to produce more, whereas others largely prefer to scrounge. This between-individual variation in tactic use closely resembles the phenomenon of animal personality; however, the connection between personality and social foraging tactic use has rarely been investigated in wild animals. Here, we studied this relationship in free-living Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus) during 2 winters. We found that in females, but not in males, social foraging tactic use was predicted by personality: more exploratory (i.e., more active in a novel environment) females scrounged more. Regardless of sex, the probability of scrounging increased with the density of individuals foraging on feeders and the time of feeding within a foraging bout, that is, the later the individual foraged within a foraging bout the higher the probability of scrounging was. Our results demonstrate that consistent individual behavioral differences are linked, in a sex-dependent manner, to group-level processes in the context of social foraging in free-living tree sparrows, suggesting that individual behavioral traits have implications for social evolution.
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21

Bidari, Subekshya, Orit Peleg, and Zachary P. Kilpatrick. "Social inhibition maintains adaptivity and consensus of honeybees foraging in dynamic environments." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 12 (December 2019): 191681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191681.

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To effectively forage in natural environments, organisms must adapt to changes in the quality and yield of food sources across multiple timescales. Individuals foraging in groups act based on both their private observations and the opinions of their neighbours. How do these information sources interact in changing environments? We address this problem in the context of honeybee colonies whose inhibitory social interactions promote adaptivity and consensus needed for effective foraging. Individual and social interactions within a mathematical model of collective decisions shape the nutrition yield of a group foraging from feeders with temporally switching quality. Social interactions improve foraging from a single feeder if temporal switching is fast or feeder quality is low. When the colony chooses from multiple feeders, the most beneficial form of social interaction is direct switching, whereby bees flip the opinion of nest-mates foraging at lower-yielding feeders. Model linearization shows that effective social interactions increase the fraction of the colony at the correct feeder (consensus) and the rate at which bees reach that feeder (adaptivity). Our mathematical framework allows us to compare a suite of social inhibition mechanisms, suggesting experimental protocols for revealing effective colony foraging strategies in dynamic environments.
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22

Canevazzi, Naila Cristina de Souza, and Fernando Barbosa Noll. "Environmental Factors Influencing Foraging Activity in the Social WaspPolybia paulista(Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Epiponini)." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/542487.

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Foraging behavior in social wasps is important in the development of the colony and reflects an important ecological interaction between the colony and the environment. Although the social traits of the colony play a role in the foraging activities, the conditions that establish the space and time limits are mainly physical. Here, we evaluate colonies ofPolybia paulistathroughout one year in order to verify the foraging activities and the items collected, as well as the importance of temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation on motivating foraging. Collection of liquids was always higher than that of solids; preys were collected all year long, and nests showed two annual episodic expansions. The linear mixed effects (LME) model used to analyze which weather factors influence the foraging showed temperature as the most influencing factor on the collection of materials.
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23

Beauchamp, Guy. "Social foragers adopt a riskier foraging mode in the centre of their groups." Biology Letters 9, no. 6 (December 23, 2013): 20130528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0528.

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Foraging in groups provides many benefits that are not necessarily experienced the same way by all individuals. I explore the possibility that foraging mode, the way individuals exploit resources, varies as a function of spatial position in the group, reflecting commonly occurring spatial differences in predation risk. I show that semipalmated sandpipers ( Calidris pusilla ), a social foraging avian species, tended to adopt a riskier foraging mode in the central, more protected areas of their groups. Central birds effectively used the more peripheral group members as sentinels, allowing them to exploit a wider range of resources within the same group at the same time. This finding provides a novel benefit of living in groups, which may have a broad relevance given that social foraging species often exploit a large array of resources.
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24

Ripperger, Simon P., and Gerald G. Carter. "Social foraging in vampire bats is predicted by long-term cooperative relationships." PLOS Biology 19, no. 9 (September 23, 2021): e3001366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001366.

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Stable social bonds in group-living animals can provide greater access to food. A striking example is that female vampire bats often regurgitate blood to socially bonded kin and nonkin that failed in their nightly hunt. Food-sharing relationships form via preferred associations and social grooming within roosts. However, it remains unclear whether these cooperative relationships extend beyond the roost. To evaluate if long-term cooperative relationships in vampire bats play a role in foraging, we tested if foraging encounters measured by proximity sensors could be explained by wild roosting proximity, kinship, or rates of co-feeding, social grooming, and food sharing during 21 months in captivity. We assessed evidence for 6 hypothetical scenarios of social foraging, ranging from individual to collective hunting. We found that closely bonded female vampire bats departed their roost separately, but often reunited far outside the roost. Repeating foraging encounters were predicted by within-roost association and histories of cooperation in captivity, even when accounting for kinship. Foraging bats demonstrated both affiliative and competitive interactions with different social calls linked to each interaction type. We suggest that social foraging could have implications for social evolution if “local” within-roost cooperation and “global” outside-roost competition enhances fitness interdependence between frequent roostmates.
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25

Machado, A. M. S., M. Cantor, A. P. B. Costa, B. P. H. Righetti, C. Bezamat, J. V. S. Valle-Pereira, P. C. Simões-Lopes, P. V. Castilho, and F. G. Daura-Jorge. "Homophily around specialized foraging underlies dolphin social preferences." Biology Letters 15, no. 4 (April 2019): 20180909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0909.

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Individuals often associate socially with those who behave the same way. This principle, homophily, could structure populations into distinct social groups. We tested this hypothesis in a bottlenose dolphin population that appeared to be clustered around a specialized foraging tactic involving cooperation with net-casting fishermen, but in which other potential drivers of such social structure have never been assessed. We measured and controlled for the contribution of sex, age, genetic relatedness, home range and foraging tactics on social associations to test for homophily effects. Dolphins tended to group with others having similar home ranges and frequency of using the specialized foraging tactic, but not other traits. Such social preferences were particularly clear when dolphins were not foraging, showing that homophily extends beyond simply participating in a specific tactic. Combined, these findings highlight the need to account for multiple drivers of group formation across behavioural contexts to determine true social affiliations. We suggest that homophily around behavioural specialization can be a major driver of social patterns, with implications for other social processes. If homophily based on specialized tactics underlies animal social structures more widely, then it may be important in modulating opportunities for social learning, and therefore influence patterns of cultural transmission.
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Jones, Teri B., Samantha C. Patrick, John P. Y. Arnould, Marlenne A. Rodríguez-Malagón, Melanie R. Wells, and Jonathan A. Green. "Evidence of sociality in the timing and location of foraging in a colonial seabird." Biology Letters 14, no. 7 (July 2018): 20180214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0214.

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Social foraging behaviours, which range from cooperative hunting to local enhancement, can result in increased prey capture and access to information, which may significantly reduce time and energy costs of acquiring prey. In colonial species, it has been proposed that the colony itself may act as a site of social information transfer and group formation. However, conclusive evidence from empirical studies is lacking. In particular, most studies in colonial species have generally focussed on behaviours either at the colony or at foraging sites in isolation, and have failed to directly connect social associations at the colony to social foraging. In this study, we simultaneously tracked 85% of a population of Australasian gannets ( Morus serrator ) over multiple foraging trips, to study social associations at the colony and test whether these associations influence the location of foraging sites. We found that gannets positively associate with conspecifics while departing from the colony and that co-departing gannets have more similar initial foraging patches than individuals that did not associate at the colony. These results provide strong evidence for the theory that the colony may provide a source of information that influences foraging location.
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27

Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Thomas W. Bodey, Jennifer E. Caselle, Darcy Bradley, Robin Freeman, Alan M. Friedlander, and David M. P. Jacoby. "Multiyear social stability and social information use in reef sharks with diel fission–fusion dynamics." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1932 (August 12, 2020): 20201063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1063.

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Animals across vertebrate taxa form social communities and often exist as fission–fusion groups. Central place foragers (CPF) may form groups from which they will predictably disperse to forage, either individually or in smaller groups, before returning to fuse with the larger group. However, the function and stability of social associations in predatory fish acting as CPFs is unknown, as individuals do not need to return to a shelter yet show fidelity to core areas. Using dynamic social networks generated from acoustic tracking data, we document spatially structured sociality in CPF grey reef sharks at a Pacific Ocean atoll. We show that sharks form stable social groups over multiyear periods, with some dyadic associations consistent for up to 4 years. Groups primarily formed during the day, increasing in size throughout the morning before sharks dispersed from the reef at night. Our simulations suggest that multiple individuals sharing a central place and using social information while foraging (i.e. local enhancement) will outperform non-CPF social foragers. We show multiyear social stability in sharks and suggest that social foraging with information transfer could provide a generalizable mechanism for the emergence of sociality with group central place foraging.
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Perry, Susan. "Social traditions and social learning in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus )." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1567 (April 12, 2011): 988–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0317.

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Capuchin monkeys (genus Cebus ) have evolutionarily converged with humans and chimpanzees in a number of ways, including large brain size, omnivory and extractive foraging, extensive cooperation and coalitionary behaviour and a reliance on social learning. Recent research has documented a richer repertoire of group-specific social conventions in the coalition-prone Cebus capucinus than in any other non-human primate species; these social rituals appear designed to test the strength of social bonds. Such diverse social conventions have not yet been noted in Cebus apella , despite extensive observation at multiple sites. The more robust and widely distributed C. apella is notable for the diversity of its tool-use repertoire, particularly in marginal habitats. Although C. capucinus does not often use tools, white-faced capuchins do specialize in foods requiring multi-step processing, and there are often multiple techniques used by different individuals within the same social group. Immatures preferentially observe foragers who are eating rare foods and hard-to-process foods. Young foragers, especially females, tend to adopt the same foraging techniques as their close associates.
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29

Hamilton, Ian M., and Lawrence M. Dill. "GROUP FORAGING BY A KLEPTOPARASITIC FISH: A STRONG INFERENCE TEST OF SOCIAL FORAGING MODELS." Ecology 84, no. 12 (December 2003): 3349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/02-0227.

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30

Keynan, Oded, Amanda R. Ridley, and Arnon Lotem. "Social foraging strategies and acquisition of novel foraging skills in cooperatively breeding Arabian babblers." Behavioral Ecology 26, no. 1 (October 14, 2014): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/aru181.

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31

Lee, Won, Eilene Yang, and James P. Curley. "Foraging dynamics are associated with social status and context in mouse social hierarchies." PeerJ 6 (September 19, 2018): e5617. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5617.

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Living in social hierarchies requires individuals to adapt their behavior and physiology. We have previously shown that male mice living in groups of 12 form linear and stable hierarchies with alpha males producing the highest daily level of major urinary proteins and urine. These findings suggest that maintaining alpha status in a social group requires higher food and water intake to generate energetic resources and produce more urine. To investigate whether social status affects eating and drinking behaviors, we measured the frequency of these behaviors in each individual mouse living in a social hierarchy with non-stop video recording for 24 h following the initiation of group housing and after social ranks were stabilized. We show alpha males eat and drink most frequently among all individuals in the hierarchy and had reduced quiescence of foraging both at the start of social housing and after hierarchies were established. Subdominants displayed a similar pattern of behavior following hierarchy formation relative to subordinates. The association strength of foraging behavior was negatively associated with that of agonistic behavior corrected for gregariousness (HWIG), suggesting animals modify foraging behavior to avoid others they engaged with aggressively. Overall, this study provides evidence that animals with different social status adapt their eating and drinking behaviors according to their physiological needs and current social environment.
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32

McLachlan, Jessica R., Chaminda P. Ratnayake, and Robert D. Magrath. "Personal information about danger trumps social information from avian alarm calls." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1899 (March 27, 2019): 20182945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2945.

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Information about predators can mean the difference between life and death, but prey face the challenge of integrating personal information about predators with social information from the alarm calls of others. This challenge might even affect the structure of interspecific information networks: species vary in response to alarm calls, potentially because different foraging ecologies constrain the acquisition of personal information. However, the hypothesis that constrained personal information explains a greater response to alarm calls has not been experimentally tested. We used a within-species test to compare the antipredator responses of New Holland honeyeaters, Phylidonyris novaehollandiae , during contrasting foraging behaviour. Compared with perched birds, which hawk for insects and have a broad view, those foraging on flowers were slower to spot gliding model predators, showing that foraging behaviour can affect predator detection. Furthermore, nectar-foraging birds were more likely to flee to alarm call playbacks. Birds also assessed social information relevance: more distant calls, and those from another species, prompted fewer flights and slower reaction times. Overall, birds made flexible decisions about danger by integrating personal and social information, while weighing information relevance. These findings support the idea that a strategic balance of personal and social information could affect community function.
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33

Slagsvold, Tore, and Karen L. Wiebe. "Social learning in birds and its role in shaping a foraging niche." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1567 (April 12, 2011): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0343.

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We briefly review the literature on social learning in birds, concluding that strong evidence exists mainly for predator recognition, song, mate choice and foraging. The mechanism of local enhancement may be more important than imitation for birds learning to forage, but the former mechanism may be sufficient for faithful transmission depending on the ecological circumstances. To date, most insights have been gained from birds in captivity. We present a study of social learning of foraging in two passerine birds in the wild, where we cross-fostered eggs between nests of blue tits, Cyanistes caeruleus and great tits, Parus major . Early learning causes a shift in the foraging sites used by the tits in the direction of the foster species. The shift in foraging niches was consistent across seasons, as showed by an analysis of prey items, and the effect lasted for life. The fact that young birds learn from their foster parents, and use this experience later when subsequently feeding their own offspring, suggests that foraging behaviour can be culturally transmitted over generations in the wild. It may therefore have both ecological and evolutionary consequences, some of which are discussed.
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34

Janson, Charles H. "Intra-Specific Food Competition and Primate Social Structure: a Synthesis." Behaviour 105, no. 1-2 (1988): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853988x00412.

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AbstractThe results of the various studies in this volume lead to a series of predictions about the relationships of group size to various components of food intake. Individuals in larger groups should generally encounter fewer new food sources per unit foraging effort than they would alone (prediction 1); an exception may occur when large groups defend areas of high food density against small groups. In addition, individuals in larger groups generally will suffer reduced intake per food source encountered because of increased sharing with other group members, at least for food sources that supply little total nutrient relative to an individual's satiation level for the nutrient (prediction 3) or are scarce relative to the spacing between individuals in the group (prediction 5). Individuals in larger groups may compensate for such reductions in foraging efficiency by increasing rates of food encounter (prediction 2), using food sources with greater amounts of nutrient (prediction 4), or increasing total foraging effort per day (prediction 6). Reduced foraging efficiency for a particular nutrient may not affect total intake of that nutrient if other nutrients require greater daily foraging effort (prediction 7). Food competition is expected to be highest in species using small and scarce food sources, subject to a high risk of predation, and with large satiation levels. An appendix on statistical problems describes some of the pitfalls inherent in studies of the kind presented in this volume.
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35

Doms, Helene. "Foraging in Social Entrepreneurship: Alertness, Social Capital, and Opportunity Recognition (WITHDRAWN)." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 15911. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.15911abstract.

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36

Li, Zhaofeng, and Yichuan Jiang. "Friction based social force model for social foraging of sheep flock." Ecological Modelling 273 (February 2014): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.029.

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37

Pérez-Cembranos, Ana, and Valentín Pérez-Mellado. "Local enhancement and social foraging in a non-social insular lizard." Animal Cognition 18, no. 3 (December 21, 2014): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-014-0831-3.

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38

Delton, Andrew W., and Theresa E. Robertson. "The social cognition of social foraging: partner selection by underlying valuation." Evolution and Human Behavior 33, no. 6 (November 2012): 715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.05.007.

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39

Miswanto, Iwan Pranoto, and Hari Muhammad. "Collective Behavior of Social Foraging Swarm with Disturbance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1562 (June 2020): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1562/1/012007.

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40

Goss, S., J. L. Deneubourg, J. M. Pasteels, and G. Josens. "A Model of Noncooperative Foraging in Social Insects." American Naturalist 134, no. 2 (August 1989): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/284980.

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41

Liu, Y., and K. M. Passino. "Stable Social Foraging Swarms in a Noisy Environment." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 49, no. 1 (January 2004): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2003.821416.

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42

Ruxton, Graeme D. "Social Foraging Theory. Monographs in Behaviour and Ecology." Ethology 107, no. 1 (July 18, 2008): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2001.0625a.x.

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43

Das, S., U. Halder, and D. Maity. "Chaotic Dynamics in Social Foraging Swarms—An Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics) 42, no. 4 (August 2012): 1288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2012.2186799.

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44

Phillips, James G., Mark Evans, Barry Hughes, and Rowan P. Ogeil. "Patterns of Cannabis Consumption, Social Networks, and Foraging." Journal of Drug Issues 50, no. 1 (November 15, 2019): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042619887501.

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Abstract:
This study considered contextual factors (i.e., times, places, peers) associated with cannabis use. A total of 153 participants answered an anonymous online survey, completed the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test – Revised (CUDIT-R), and indicated their numbers of regular smoking partners, and times and places cannabis was normally purchased. Recent cannabis smokers had higher CUDIT-R scores and purchased cannabis from more places more often. Multiple regression considered subscales of the CUDIT-R. Greater cannabis consumption was associated with more smoking partners and purchases of cannabis at more times and places. Cannabis dependence was associated with cannabis purchases from more places and times and reports that there were more people prepared to do them favors. Harmful use was associated with more purchases at more locations. Patterns of cannabis foraging were compared with foraging behaviors previously observed for caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol. The data could inform the development and use of social media and location-aware services seeking to target risky substance use.
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Emery, Nathan, Joanna Dally, and Nicola Clayton. "Social influences on foraging by rooks (Corvus frugilegus)." Behaviour 145, no. 8 (2008): 1101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853908784474470.

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46

Whitehouse, M. E. A., and Y. Lubin. "Competitive foraging in the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola." Animal Behaviour 58, no. 3 (September 1999): 677–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1168.

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Xu, Lingling, Yi Shen, and Hock Chuan Chan. "Understanding Content Voting Based on Social Foraging Theory." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 64, no. 4 (November 2017): 574–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tem.2017.2722467.

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Andrews, Burton W., Kevin M. Passino, and Thomas A. Waite. "Social Foraging Theory for Robust Multiagent System Design." IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 4, no. 1 (January 2007): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2006.872124.

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49

Ruxton, Graeme D. "Social Foraging Theory. Monographs in Behaviour and Ecology." Ethology 107, no. 1 (January 2001): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0310.2001.0625a.x.

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50

Frank, Craig L. "Social Foraging Theory. Luc-Alain Giraldeau , Thomas Caraco." Quarterly Review of Biology 76, no. 4 (December 2001): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/420642.

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