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Bragin, Andrey. "PHASE VOLUME OF THE PERCEPTION TO REALITY: DETERMINANTS AND FACILITIES OF THE EXPRESSION." Ivanovo state university bulletin. Series «The Humanities», no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46726/h.2020.3.12.
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The article is devoted to problem of revision of the borders of the range (the phase volume) and adequacy of the perception of the world in speaker long disheveled locks of universe-social evolution of the man. It is shown that in man’s perception volume is conditioned by the physiological organization as well as by its place in the cosmos and the Earth biosphere. The accent is made on discovery determinant conditioning given range of the perception and facility of the expression available perception to information. It is revealed that the modeling of reality becomes more abstract and clear, but less concrete, adequate to the «ultimate reality» with its blurred forms.
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Skrzypek, Elżbieta. "Digitalization along with 5G and 6G Networks – Determinants and Consequences." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia 55, no. 1 (May 11, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2021.55.1.51-66.
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<p>Digitalization is a process which enters all areas of human, business, and social activity. It is a significant megatrend in business transformation. It serves as a source of innovation, a tool for value creation, and an infrastructure facilitating access to the Internet. It is a necessity when living in the network society, as it allows for greater flexibility in reacting to the changing environment. Digitalization involves communication, distribution, products, and services. It brings specific benefits to organizations operating in the network society. It is the major source of innovation, as well as the essence of technological development of the industry, therefore, further development of digital business might be expected. 5G and 6G networks are a requisite condition for Polish enterprises to join global production and service networks. Furthermore, these networks create opportunities for development in the field of economy and in the social sphere. The development of digitalization along with 5G and 6G networks raises both hope and concern, hence entailing an urgent need to raise public awareness in this respect as well. The aim of the article is to illustrate the role, importance, determinants, and consequences of digitalization for organizational management in the network society. In the face of a rapidly changing environment full of hazards and uncertainty, digitalization emerges as a way of conducting business, which enables companies to reach a greater number of customers and improve operational efficiency. The article also refers to the determinants and consequences of 5G and 6G networks. The applied research methods include an extensive analysis of the existing literature and inference based on the data available.</p>
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Mohd Arshad, Mohd Nahar. "Determinants of charitable giving in Malaysia." Humanomics 32, no. 4 (November 14, 2016): 459–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/h-01-2016-0007.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate into the factors that influence charitable giving in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach The study employs Malaysia’s Household Income Survey 2009. Results are obtained by undertaking a regression analysis. In the econometric model, charitable giving is proxied by transfer payment made by every respondent. The variable is considered as the dependent variable, while demographic, educational, occupational and geographical factors have been considered as the independent variables. Findings In general, factors such as income, age, educational levels, marital status, gender and geographical location have statistically significant effects on Malaysians’ charitable giving. A 1 per cent increase in income would result in an increase in charitable giving by 1.5 per cent, ceteris paribus. In Malaysia, charitable giving would initially increase and peaked at the age of 40 years before decline slowly over the working age – inverted-U shape of the charity–age curve. Women donate 8.7 per cent more than men. The upper secondary school has the highest marginal effects on charitable giving at 10.7 per cent. After upper secondary school, the marginal effects of subsequent levels of education on charitable giving diminish. Research limitations/implications The findings need to be supported with experimental studies for more consistent evidence. Practical implications Charitable giving can be nurtured especially through early years of education. Social implications The understanding derived from this study is crucial in the efforts to build an inclusive and caring heterogeneous Malaysian society. Originality/value This study pioneers large sample analysis to understand charitable giving behavior by Malaysians. The computation of marginal effects of education on charitable giving is another major contribution of this study.
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Caldwell, John C. "Health transition: The cultural, social and behavioural determinants of health in the Third World." Social Science & Medicine 36, no. 2 (January 1993): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(93)90204-h.
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Buchstaller, Isabelle. "(h) in Marshallese English." Variation in the Pacific 6, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 222–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aplv.19012.buc.
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Abstract This paper explores the sociolinguistic patterning of glottal choices in the English spoken in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), a variety that variationist research has thus far eschewed. The analysis suggests that the schooling background of the speaker is the most crucial determinant for both /h/-dropping and /h/-insertion. These findings are not surprising given the dramatic social inequalities regarding access to educational opportunities that characterise the RMI. The locally-specific contact situation, in conjunction with the constraints on /h/-insertion, suggest that the English spoken in the Marshall Islands is typologically distinct from the Southern British dialect root described for other parts of the Pacific by Schreier (2019).
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Huq Pramanik, Ataul. "Arab-uprising: an analysis from political economy perspective." Humanomics 30, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/h-11-2013-0070.
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Purpose – This paper aims at examining the past as well as the current issues responsible for the most recent Arab-uprising. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical evidence based on regression and correlation together with tabular presentations suggests that the issue of Arab-uprising can be examined from both theoretical and factual evidence. Both theoretical and empirical findings testify the extremely high interrelationships existing among the determinants and co-determinants of Arab-uprising. Based on the three most fundamental pre-requisites for living a life with satisfaction based on personal honour, dignity, voice, peace, justice and equality of opportunity, the economic, political and socio-cultural components are found to be neglected in the Arab World. The constraint of data limited the scope to use systematically available and reliable independent variables, in particular, warranted by any sophisticated empirical model. Findings – The findings will have policy directions for the policy-makers/politicians to address the serious issues involving empowerments. It is argued that the ad hoc solution based on buying the dissent of the critics using handouts is not a long-term sustainable solution to the problems. The findings are also expected to create social consciousness among those who are most concerned to see the changes in the society for betterment where every citizen can stand for his honour, dignity and voice, justice and equality. Originality/value – It is expected that the general reader can understand the issues raised in this paper, internalize the ideas and create an overall environment to redirect the policy frameworks for resolving the social problems without conflict.
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Morin, Alexandre J. S., A. Katrin Arens, Danielle Tracey, Philip D. Parker, Joseph Ciarrochi, Rhonda G. Craven, and Christophe Maïano. "Self-Esteem Trajectories and Their Social Determinants in Adolescents With Different Levels of Cognitive Ability." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 122, no. 6 (November 1, 2017): 539–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-122.6.539.
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Abstract This study examines the development of self-esteem in a sample of 138 Australian adolescents (90 males; 48 females) with cognitive abilities in the lowest 15% (L-CA) and a matched sample of 556 Australian adolescents (312 males; 244 females) with average to high levels of cognitive abilities (A/H-CA). These participants were measured annually (Grade 7 to 12). The findings showed that adolescents with L-CA and A/H-CA experience similar high and stable self-esteem trajectories that present similar relations with key predictors (sex, school usefulness and dislike, parenting, and peer integration). Both groups revealed substantial gender differences showing higher levels of self-esteem for adolescent males remaining relatively stable over time, compared to lower levels among adolescent females which decreased until midadolescence before increasing back.
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Oladapo, Ibrahim Abiodun, and Asmak Ab Rahman. "Re-counting the determinant factors of human development: a review of the literature." Humanomics 32, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/h-02-2016-0018.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the basic determinant factors of human development using the theory of Maqasid al Shari’ah (TMS). It also identifies relevant demographic variables that may likely moderate the relationship among the identified factors. Design/methodology/approach An in-depth review of the TMS and human capital theory literature was conducted, with a specific attention on their impact to human development. Findings The extensive review of the relevant literature shows that human development is not only determined by education, health, income, human rights and social justice but also influenced by some demographic variables like educational attainment and gender composition. Originality/value This paper is a novel attempt whereby an extensive review on the factors of human development is conducted using TMS and identifying the narrowness in the existing framework. The paper will help researchers to better their understanding in this context. It will also provide the policymakers with adequate information on the important factors of human development with the aim to chart a comprehensive policy direction.
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Cutler, Richard G. "Recent progress in testing the longevity determinant and dysdifferentiation hypotheses of aging." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 12, no. 2-3 (March 1991): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4943(91)90021-h.
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Deno, Minako, Mie Tashiro, Mitsunori Miyashita, Takahiro Asakage, Koji Takahashi, Kenich Saito, Yasunobu Busujima, Yoshiyuki Mori, Hiroto Saito, and Yuji Ichikawa. "Developing the social distress scale for head and neck cancer outpatients in Japan." Palliative and Supportive Care 9, no. 2 (May 4, 2011): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951511000034.
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AbstractObjective:This study assessed the factor structure, internal consistency, and concurrent and discriminant validity of a scale used to measure social distress in Japanese head and neck cancer outpatients with facial disfigurement.Method:The sample included 225 Japanese outpatients with head and neck cancer, including 129 patients with facial disfigurement. Participants' level of social distress was assessed through our scale, the European Organization for Research and Treatment Cancer questionnaire (EORTC) QLQ-H&N35 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS).Results:Factor analyses confirmed the structure of two subscales of the social distress scale. Social distress was significantly correlated with the social contact subscale of the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 and the HADS.Significance of results:Results demonstrated preliminary reliability and validity of the social distress scale. This scale may extend social adjustment research by revealing its determinants and effects for head and neck cancer with facial disfigurement in Japan.
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Samuel, Donald. "ANTUSIASME GURU DALAM PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK DAN DETERMINANNYA *)." Kelola: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan 2, no. 2 (December 7, 2015): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/j.jk.2015.v2.i2.p221-231.
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<p>This study aimed to describe the enthusiasm of the teachers at SMPN 2 Gedangsari, Gunung kidul in the program of Education and Training (Dik-lat) for pedagogic competence development, organized by the Education Foundation of Astra-Michael D. Ruslim (which is running a program of Corporate Social Responsibility in the field of education in the middleschool. In addition, this study also aimed to find the determinant factor for the enthusiasm of the teachers. This research applied mixed method. The results showed enthusiasm in participating in teacher training pedagogical competence development was quite high. In quantitative terms, the level of enthusiasm of teachers was worth on average 3.8 with H was rejected (teacher enthusiasm was high). In addition, there were several determinants affecting the enthusiasm of teachers, namely, the intensity of individual meetings (b value = 0.633), while the suitability of the teacher trainers approach did not affect the enthusiasm (b value = 0.364). Thus, the trainer advised to frequently meet with the teacher so that the enthusiasm of teachers increased, and dik-lat program targets could be achieved well. 0</p>
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Palić, Irena, Sabina Hodžić, and Ksenija Dumičić. "Personal Income Taxation Determinants in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Business Systems Research Journal 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2019-0011.
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Abstract Background: In recent years’ income inequality has been an economic issue. The primary instrument for redistributing income is personal income tax. However, based on economic theory income inequality concerns indicators such as wages, transfer payments, taxes, social security contributions, and geographical mobility. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of certain labor market indicators on personal income taxation in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H). Methods/Approach: Since personal income taxation consists of a very broad definition and for the purpose of this research only, income from dependent (employment) activity is observed. The econometric analysis is conducted using error correction modeling, as well as forecast errors variance decomposition. Results: The error correction model is estimated, and the cointegrating equation indicates that monthly wage and number of employees statistically significantly positively affect personal income taxes in FB&H in the long-run. After two years, the selected labor market indicators explain a considerable part of forecasting error variance of personal income tax revenues. Conclusions: The implementation of reforms in the labor market and tax policies of the FB&H is suggested. In order to achieve necessary reforms, efficient governance and general stable political environment are required.
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Economou, Mary, Ourania Kolokotroni, Irene Paphiti-Demetriou, Christiana Kouta, Ekaterini Lambrinou, Eleni Hadjigeorgiou, Vasiliki Hadjiona, Froso Tryfonos, Elena Philippou, and Nicos Middleton. "Prevalence of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding at 48 h after birth and up to the sixth month in Cyprus: the BrEaST start in life project." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 5 (November 27, 2017): 967–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017003214.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of breast-feeding (BF) and exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) in Cyprus up to the sixth month.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal descriptive study. BF and EBF were estimated based on mothers’ self-reported BF status in line with Step 7 of the WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative questionnaire and based on 24 h recall.SettingMaternity wards in all public hospitals and twenty-nine (of thirty-five) private maternity clinics nationwide.SubjectsConsecutive sample of 586 mothers recruited within 48 h from birth, followed up by telephone interview at the first, fourth and sixth month.ResultsAlthough 84·3 % of mothers initiated BF before discharge, prevalence of BF at the sixth month was 32·4 %, with the highest reduction observed between the first and fourth months. Prevalence of EBF at 48 h was 18·8 % and fell gradually to 5·0 % at the sixth month. Mothers with higher educational attainment or higher family income were more likely to breast-feed until the sixth month. In terms of EBF, an association was observed only with education, which persisted until the sixth month. Other than social gradient, mode of delivery was the strongest determinant of BF initiation, exclusivity and continuation. Mothers who gave birth vaginally were three to four times more likely to initiate BF (OR=3·1; 95 % CI 1·7, 5·4) and EBF (OR=4·3; 95 % CI 2·7, 6·8).ConclusionsThe low prevalence of BF and EBF in Cyprus, together with the fact that caesarean section rates are currently among the highest in Europe, suggest the need for further research to understand this multidimensional phenomenon and for interdisciplinary policy action to protect, promote and support BF.
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Börnhorst, C., I. Huybrechts, W. Ahrens, G. Eiben, N. Michels, V. Pala, D. Molnár, et al. "Prevalence and determinants of misreporting among European children in proxy-reported 24 h dietary recalls." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 7 (August 6, 2012): 1257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512003194.
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Dietary assessment is strongly affected by misreporting (both under- and over-reporting), which results in measurement error. Knowledge about misreporting is essential to correctly interpret potentially biased associations between diet and health outcomes. In young children, dietary data mainly rely on proxy respondents but little is known about determinants of misreporting here. The present analysis was conducted within the framework of the multi-centre IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) study and is based on 6101 children aged 2–9 years with 24 h dietary recall (24-HDR) and complete covariate information. Adapted Goldberg cut-offs were applied to classify the 24-HDR as ‘over-report’, ‘plausible report’ or ‘under-report’. Backward elimination in the course of multi-level logistic regression analyses was conducted to identify factors significantly related to under- and over-reporting. Next to characteristics of the children and parents, social factors and parental concerns/perceptions concerning their child's weight status were considered. Further selective misreporting was addressed, investigating food group intakes commonly perceived as more or less socially desirable. Proportions of under-, plausible and over-reports were 8·0, 88·6 and 3·4 %, respectively. The risk of under-reporting increased with age (OR 1·19, 95 % CI 1·05, 1·83), BMI z-score of the child (OR 1·23, 95 % CI 1·10, 1·37) and household size (OR 1·12, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·25), and was higher in low/medium income groups (OR 1·45, 95 % CI 1·13, 1·86). Over-reporting was negatively associated with BMI z-scores of the child (OR 0·78, 95 % CI 0·69, 0·88) and higher in girls (OR 1·70, 95 % CI 1·27, 2·28). Further social desirability and parental concerns/perceptions seemed to influence the reporting behaviour. Future studies should involve these determinants of misreporting when investigating diet–disease relationships in children to correct for the differential reporting bias.
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Corro, Luis Gonzalez, Nataly Rios Gutierrez, Chinazo O. Cunningham, Alain H. Litwin, Brianna L. Norton, and Brianna L. Norton. "1071. Social Determinants of health (SDOH) among PWID living with HCV." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S563—S564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1257.
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Abstract Background Though people who inject drugs (PWID) represent the overwhelming majority of those living with HCV, most have not been treated. Many HCV+ PWID represent the most marginalized persons in society, often experiencing poverty and poor access to care. We set out to determine the social determinants of health (SDOH) among a population of HCV+ PWID and determine if poor SDOH were related to reduced HCV treatment uptake. Methods The HCV-GET UP study was a randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of an HCV group evaluation intervention vs. individual HCV treatment among PWID within a primary care clinic in the Bronx, NY. HCV treatment was provided according to national guidelines.. Here, we include all patient characteristics and baseline social determinants of health (SDOH), obtained through questionnaires using Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI) technology. We performed bivariate analyses between treatment initiation and the various factors of the SDOH using chi square tests. Results The majority of the 84 participants enrolled were black (35%) or Hispanic (60%) males (77%), aged 51 (SD11). The majority are on NY State Medicaid insurance (68%), indicating that their income is less than 138% of the Federal Poverty Level. 42% of participants report running out of money for basic needs on a daily or weekly basis, 69% receive food stamps, and 23% are homeless. Nearly half (45%) of participants have less than a high school education, 57% have ever been incarcerated, 48% report not having transportation to get to a medical appointment, and 25% do not trust doctors. A total of 57% of participants initiated HCV treatment, and no factors of SDOH were associated with treatment initiation. Conclusion We found that HCV+ PWID have extremely poor SDOH. Despite this, over half of participants initiated HCV treatment, indicating participants willingness to receive HCV treatment, and resilience in overcoming SDOH. Poor SDOH, such as homelessness, should not be a reason to delay HCV treatment in this population; however, we risk severely muting the health benefits of HCV cure in this population, if we do not address the underlying SDOH that will certainly lead to poor health outcomes, and early death. Disclosures Chinazo O. Cunningham, MD, MPH, General Electric Health (Other Financial or Material Support, My husband is currently employed by General Electric Health and receives stock and stock options.)Quest Diagnostics (Other Financial or Material Support, My husband was previously employed by Quest Diagnostics and received stocks and stock options.) Alain H. Litwin, MD, MPH, MS, Gilead (Advisor or Review Panel member)Merck (Advisor or Review Panel member)
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Yusran, Fadhel Audia, and Kurniawati Kurniawati. "The Determinant of Positive eWom Intention: Perspective Social Media Users." 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(43).
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The current technology, whose acceleration rate is high-speed, cannot be denied. You can see that all the tools are getting more advanced, and anything is quicker and easier. Especially now, everyone can do anything via smartphones, from reading newspapers to paying bills to shop online. Consumers need to open a smartphone, select the desired item, make payments and wait for the goods to arrive in front of their house (Sazali & Rozi, 2020). The presence of smartphones and online shopping makes communication between consumers and a particular company or brand easier (Parvin et al., 2020). Another more straightforward thing is that some sellers allow cash on a delivery payment system or goods pay when they arrive home. The following reason why online shopping is more popular now is that the price is lower, there is no need to come directly to the store, the area is not a barrier for consumers, it can access 24 hours, and there is even a free shipping fee (Muljono et al., 2018). The many conveniences that can obtain in shopping online make Indonesians more consumptive. But here's a positive that marketers should quickly grasp. Given the substantial population of Indonesia, and also have the characteristics of each individual. The diverse characteristics of the Indonesian population and the needs and desires of consumers for the products that consumers will buy are different. For example, in terms of sports goods (Nike, Adidas, and Reebok), fast fashion (Zara, H&M, Uniqlo), and also smartphones (Apple, Samsung, and Huawei). The shift in online behavior currently happening in Indonesia is a new opportunity (Nurjanah et al., 2019). The number of these factors is a challenge for marketers to increase sales and reach the target market. In the past, social media was created only as a means of entertainment for its users. Still, now social media is a source of consumer information, and the evolution of social media use is pervasive in the business world (Yuan et al., 2021). Keywords: Brand trust, online brand community trust, brand attachment, repurchase intention, positive eWOM intention
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Moya-Salazar, Jeel, Flor de María Manrique, Cristhina Loayza, Karla V. Laopa, Belén Moya-Salazar, and Víctor Rojas-Zumaran. "Detection of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in faeces of children of rural human settlements: An exploratory study in Peru." Electronic Journal of General Medicine 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): em424. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/12577.
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<b>Introduction: </b><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is one of the major infectious agents in low-income countries, and its clinical characteristics are unknown in many populations. Children are a susceptible population and can contract these pathogens through contaminated food and water.<br /> <b>Objectives: </b>To determine the presence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in children under eight years of age of rural human settlements in Peru.<br /> <b>Methods:</b> This exploratory study was conducted with 25 child volunteers authorized by the parents for their evaluation, without precedent of any apparent clinical manifestation. Antigen detection of <i>H. pylori</i> in faeces by a rapid assay onsite <i>H. pylori</i> Ag. Rapid test according to the manufacturer’s requirements. Has been evaluated the social determinants related to possible infection.<br /> <b>Results:</b> The average age (2±1.8 years) of 14 girls was different from the average age (2.7±2.2 years) of 11 boys included in the study (p=0.010). Of the total we determinate nine (36%) positive tests, which mainly affected boys (five patients 20%) under two years of age (six patients, 24%). In general, ~90% wash their hands with soap and water and ~70% wash fruits and vegetables with water before eating. In addition, >50% ate foods outside of home and ~24% was asymptomatic and did not have a specific meal schedule.<br /> <b>Conclusions:</b> Among rural children, <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> antibody was detected in 36% of the participants, unaffected by gender, and presenting specific dietary patterns.
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Stawnicka, Jadwiga, and Iwona Klonowska. "The Organisational and Social Climate Level of an Institution as One of the Determinants of Internal Security." Internal Security 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2268.
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The subject of this article is the issue of the social climate of the institution as one of the determinants of security in the perspective of Police research. In the literature on the issue of the social climate of the institution the reality is that it is difficult to find references to this concept in respect of the police. It seems that this is conditioned by the specific nature of the current form of the functioning of the Police and its organisational structure. The subject of the study is a proposal for research into the social climate in the Police. Based on the literature on the subject the phenomenon of social climate is described along with its influence on the sense of comfort and satisfaction of the employees. A good social climate contributes to the co-operation of employees, as well as stimulates a sense of loyalty to the group and responsibility for its success. Further on in the article remarks on the study of a social climate scale by R H Moss are presented, along with an indication of the division of the statements contained in this scale, taking into account the content of the messages. This approach to the scale of social climate is justified in the third part of the article, which presents the concept of research on the social climate of the institution as one of the determinants of security in the perspective of the police research which will be carried out by the Authors of the article.
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Correa-Fernández, Virmarie, Niloofar Tavakoli, Marshall Motsenbocker, and Hanjoe Kim. "Hispanics/Latinos' Cigarette and E-cigarette Use: Behavioral and Self-rated Health." American Journal of Health Behavior 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.45.1.8.
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Objectives: In this paper, we examine if serious psychological distress (SPD), binge drinking, and self-rated health predict dual-use of tobacco cigarette and e-cigarette compared with no use or the use of only one product among Hispanics/Latinos (H/L). By increasing our understanding of determinants of dual-use, we can identify the most vulnerable groups and intervention targets. Methods: We used data from H/L who were current tobacco/nicotine users in the Houston Health Survey 2018 (N = 188; representing 158,369 individuals). We conducted descriptive, bi-variate, and multinomial logistic regression analyses, and moderation by age and sex. Results: H/L with SPD were more likely to be dual-users than non-users (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.97), cigarette users (OR = 1.12), or e-cigarette users (OR = 2.44). Individuals who binge drank were more likely to be dual-users than non-users (OR = 2.66) or e-cigarette users (OR = 9.30), but more likely to be cigarette users compared to dual-users (OR = 2.05). Poorer self-rated health predicted an increased likelihood of being a non-user (OR = 1.19), cigarette user (OR = 1.36), and e-cigarette user compared to a dual-user (OR = 1.04). Conclusions: Behavioral health and self-rated health are important predictors of tobacco cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual-use among H/L. These relationships differ by age and sex.
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Ahad, Md Abdul, Mitu Chowdhury, Yvonne K. Parry, and Eileen Willis. "Urban Child Labor in Bangladesh: Determinants and Its Possible Impacts on Health and Education." Social Sciences 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10030107.
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(1) Background: A significant proportion of child laborers are compelled to work in exploitative environments, and experience both deteriorating health and financial loss. The present study sought to determine the factors affecting child labor and the characteristics of their working environment. (2) Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted with 80 child laborers aged 5 to 17 years. Alongside descriptive statistics, a newly devised technique known as the Influencing Causes Index (ICI) was administered and tested. (3) Results: The demographic findings reveal that most child laborers are young children (12–14 years) and 32.5% of child laborers have never attended school. The thorough assessment of determinants reflects that not only poverty but schooling expenses and a lack of access to opportunities in primary schools are also the top-ranked push factors to trigger children towards labor. Around 72.5% of children work for over 8 h a day. A significant proportion of participants received no leave, training, or access to hygiene facilities. The existing pattern of employment and working conditions resulted in musculoskeletal pain and dermatological infections among child laborers (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: This research suggests that income measures for households and an education program for both children and parents would expedite the abolition of child labor.
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Hsu, Emily, Jyoti Chhabra, Oscar Serrano, Katarina Bade, and Alvaro G. Menendez. "Disparities in cancer care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic: An update of a prospective, cross-sectional study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.136.
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136 Background: Impact of COVID19 on cancer care delivery and outcomes remains unknown. Few trials have investigated patients’ perceived risks and benefits, and cancer care delivery (CCD) alterations related to COVID19. We sought to identify differences on behaviors and social determinants of health in Hispanics and other underrepresented populations (H/UP) compared to the general population (GP). Methods: An IRB-approved validated 27-item questionnaire was offered in English and Spanish to all pts receiving cancer care at participating cancer centers over a 6 month period. Examined variables included demographic information, social risk and behavioral factors, preferred sources of health information, and overall satisfaction with CCD during the pandemic. Results: A total of 245 pts were enrolled in the study. Compared to GP, H/UP’s perceived risk of COVID19 was higher with 92.4% vs 85.2% (p = 0.000) more likely to cancel or avoid social gatherings and 69.2% vs 32.1% more likely to change daily routine. H/UP appeared more concerned with personal and financial safety; if unable to find work/get paid for 2 weeks, 24.1% H/UP vs 13% GP would struggle to keep up with expenses. 33.7% H/UP vs 8.6% GP had concerns on ability to secure food and consider COVID19 a major threat to their health (63.9% vs 42.6%, p = 0.003) and financial situation (61.4% vs 35.8%, p = 0.001). H/UP’s perceived benefits of protective measures is higher with 97.4% vs 90.7% routinely practicing social distancing (SD) and 92.8% vs 64.2% in agreement with punitive actions for not following SD. Analysis demonstrated no significant difference by gender, level of education, marital status, however Hispanic ethnicity and Spanish as primary language were significant variables (p = 0.000) in perceived risks and satisfaction with CCD. No major differences were noted on sources of health information although more H/UP relied on social media (26.5% vs 24.7%). H/UP appeared more skeptical about availability and safety of targeted vaccines (28.2% vs 14.8%, p = 0.001). H/UP were less satisfied with CCD during the pandemic (72.1% vs 82.1%, p = 0.024) and also perceived CCD alterations (19.2% vs 7.4%). Conclusions: COVID19-related societal, financial, health and personal fears are increased in H/UP which likely negatively affects quality of life of these at-risk populations. H/UP’s trust in SD recommendations is heightened although linguistically and culturally appropriate information may be deficient. H/UP were more skeptical of the safety and availability of the vaccine, which is consistent with recent reports suggesting deeper fears of experimentation. Interventions aimed to decrease these differences could incorporate standard communications with special attention to social media.
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Fuis Sukma Ayu and Dian Filianti. "Determinants of Financial Inclusion Information Disclosure of Islamic Rural Banks in Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 9, no. 6 (December 9, 2022): 923–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol9iss20226pp923-935.
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ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari adanya ukuran bank, umur bank, aktivitas sosial, dan probabilitas terhadap pengungkapan informasi inklusi keuangan di sektor perbankan pada bank pembiayaan rakyat syariah di Indonesia baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi data panel dengan metode kuantitaif, Aplikasi statistik yang digunakan program Eviews 12. Hasil Penelitian ini menggambarkan dalam parsial bahwa umur BPRS dan CRS memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pengungkapan informasi inklusi keuangan, sedangkan dalan ukuran BPRS memiliki pengaruh negative signifikan, kemudian ROA berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan terhadap pengungkapan informasi inklusi keuangan pada bank pembiayaan rakyat syariah di Indonesia. Namun, secara simultan ukuran BPRS, CRS, umur BPRS dan ROA memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pengungkapan informasi inklusi keuangan pada bank pembiayaan rakyat syariah di Indonesia dalam periode 2016-2020. Adapun keterbatasan objek dalam penelitain hanya 32 dari 163 BPRS yang terdaftar di OJK. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi evaluasi ataupun masukkan bagi regulator dan BPRS, jika pengungkapan informasi inklusi keuangan sebaiknya diterapkan secara transparan oleh seluruh BPRS, maka dapat meningkatkan reputasi dan kepercayaan dalan menggunakan layanan BPRS. Kata Kunci: ukuran bank, aktivitas sosial, umur bank, profitabilitas, pengungkapan informasi inklusi keuangan. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the existence of bank size, bank age, social activity, and probability on the disclosure of financial inclusion information in the banking sector at Islamic Rural banks in Indonesia either partially or simultaneously. The model used in this study was panel data regression analysis with quantitative methods, statistical applications used by the author was the Eviews 12 program. The results of this study illustrate in partial terms that the age of IRB and CRS has a significant positive effect on disclosure of financial inclusion information, while the size of the IRB has a significant positive effect on the disclosure of financial inclusion information. significant negative, then ROA has no significant negative effect on the disclosure of financial inclusion information in Islamic Rural Banks in Indonesia. However, simultaneously the size of the IRB, CRS, the age of the IRB and ROA have a significant positive effect on the disclosure of financial inclusion information in Islamic Rural bank in Indonesia in the 2016-2020 period. As for the limitations of the object in the research, only 32 out of 163 IRB are registered with the Financial Service Authority. This research is expected to be an evaluation or input for regulators and IRB, if disclosure of financial inclusion information should be implemented transparently by all IRB, it can increase reputation and trust in using IRB services. Keywords: bank size, social activity, bank age, profitability, disclosure of financial inclusion information. REFERENCES Afrin, S., Haider, M.Z. & Islam, M.S. (2017). Impact of financial inclusion on technical efficiency of paddy farmers in Bangladesh. Agricultural Finance Review, 77(4), 484-505. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-06-2016-0058 Ali, M.M., Devi, A., Furqani, H. & Hamzah, H. (2020). Islamic financial inclusion determinants in Indonesia: an ANP approach. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 13(4), 727-747. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-01-2019-0007 Alm El-Din, M.M., El-Awam, A.M., Ibrahim, F.M. & Hassanein, A. (2022). Voluntary disclosure and complexity of reporting in Egypt: The roles of profitability and earnings management. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 23(2), 480-508. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-09-2020-0186. Amari, M. & Anis, J. (2021). Exploring the impact of socio-demographic characteristics on financial inclusion: empirical evidence from Tunisia. International Journal of Social Economics, 48(9), 1331-1346. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-08-2020-0527. Ascarya., Rahmawati, S., & Tanjung, H. (2016). Design and determine holistic financial inclusion index for baitul maal wat tamwil design and determine holistic financial inclusion index for baitul maal wat tamwil. Conference: 2nd International Conference on IPAFEM. Yogyakarta Babajide, A. A., Adegboye, F. B., & Omankhanlen, A. E. (2015). Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(3), 629–637. Bose, S., Saha, A., Khan, H. Z., & Islam, S. (2017). Non-financial disclosure and market-based firm performance: The initiation of financial inclusion. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 13(3), 263–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2017.09.006 Das, S. (2021). Pengungkapan informasi inklusi keuangan: Bukti empiris dari industri perbankan Bangladesh. Jurnal Global Bisnis, Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 11(1), 27-41. Fitriana, N. L., & Prastiwi, A. (2014). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi luas pengungkapan sukarela dalam annual report. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 642-651. Griselda, I. A., Murhadi, WR., & Utami, M. (2020). Pengaruh tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan terhadap kinerja perusahaan sektor pertambangan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia & Malaysia 2014-2018. Jurnal Kewirausahaan & Bisnis, 1(1), 21-30. Haldar, P. K., Rahman, S. M. M., Mia, S., Ahmed, F., & Bashawir, A. (2016). Assessing the role of corporate social responsibility practices of commercial banks in enhancing financial inclusion: A study on banking sector in Bangladesh. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(4), 1778–1783. Hossain, M., & Hammami, H. (2009). Advances in accounting, incorporating advances in international accounting voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of an emerging country: The case of Qatar. International Journal of Cardiology, 25(2), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2009.08.002 Jaya, I. G. N. M., & Sunengsih, N. (2009). Kajian analisis regresi dengan data panel. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Nur, M., & Priantinah, D. (2012). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengungkapan corporate social responsibility di Indonesia (Studi empiris pada perusahaan berkategori high profile yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia). Nominal: Barometer Riset Akuntansi dan Manajemen, 1(2), 22-34. https://doi.org/10.21831/nominal.v1i2.996 Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2016). POJK Nomor 76/POJK.07/2016 tentang Peningkatan Literasi dan Inklusi Keuangan di Sektor Jasa Keuangan Bagi Konsumen dan/atau masyarakat. Rahmawati. (2020). Financial inclusion disclosure in Islamic microfinance: The case of baitul mal wa tamwil. In Enhancing Financial Inclusion through Islamic Finance, Volume 2 (pp. 137-160). Palgrave Macmillan. Ramzan, M., Amin, M., & Abbas, M. (2021). How does corporate social responsibility affect financial performance, financial stability, and financial inclusion in the banking sector? Evidence from Pakistan. Research in International Business and Finance, 55(August 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101314 Scaltrito, D. (2016). Voluntary disclosure in Italy: Firm-specific determinants an empirical analysis of Italian listed companies. EuroMed Journal of Business, 11(2), 272–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-07-2015-0032 Sembiring, E. R. (2012). Pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, struktur kepemilikan dan status perusahaan terhadap pengungkapan laporan keuangan pada perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 1(1), 238–247. Ullah, M.H. and Rahman, M.A. (2015), Corporate social responsibility reporting practices in banking companies in Bangladesh: Impact of regulatory change. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 13(2), 200-225. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-05-2013-0038 Vo, D.H., Tran, N.P., Hoang, H.T.-T. and Van, L.T.-H. (2022), Do corporate social responsibility and bank performance matter for financial inclusion in Vietnam?, Journal of Asia Business Studies, 16(4), 639-651. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-11-2020-0462
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Estevan, Ignacio, Ana Silva, Céline Vetter, and Bettina Tassino. "Short Sleep Duration and Extremely Delayed Chronotypes in Uruguayan Youth: The Role of School Start Times and Social Constraints." Journal of Biological Rhythms 35, no. 4 (June 1, 2020): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730420927601.
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During adolescence, biological, psychosocial, and contextual factors converge in a “perfect storm” and have been put forward to explain the delay in chronotype observed at this age and the prevalence of disrupted sleep. This study provides evidence to support that chronotype and sleep patterns (particularly sleep duration) are socially constrained and to identify novel significant social predictors. Uruguayan public school activities are arranged in up to 4 shifts, creating a natural experiment to examine the effect of school timing on questionnaire-based assessments of sleep and chronotype. In this study, 268 high school students (15-18 years old) who attended school either on morning (0730 to 1130 h) or afternoon shifts (1130 h to 1530 h) responded to an adapted School Sleep Habits Survey. Students attending afternoon shifts had later chronotypes (a 1.5-h later midpoint of sleep on free days adjusted for sleep debt) than those attending the morning shift. Besides shift, evening social activities (including dinner time) were further identified as key predictors of late chronotypes, whereas age and gender were not. Sleep on school days was overall advanced and reduced with respect to weekends, and these effects were stronger in morning-shift students. Weekend sleep duration was similar between shifts, which probably caused the prevalence of reduced sleep durations (average weekly sleep duration, SDweek <8 h) to be higher in morning-shift students (almost 80%) than in afternoon-shift ones (34%). Reduced sleep duration was significantly higher in morning-shift students. In addition, age, chronotype, and dinner time became relevant determinants of sleep deficit only in the morning-shift students. Besides the important social constraint of early school start time, this is the first study to confirm the significance of other types of social pressures on both adolescents’ chronotype and sleep deficit, which can be useful as potential new targets for effective policies to protect adolescent sleep.
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Hsu, Emily, Jyoti Chhabra, Oscar Serrano, and Alvaro G. Menendez. "Comparison of patient-reported impact of COVID19 on cancer care delivery: A prospective, cross-sectional study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 6551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.6551.
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6551 Background: Impact of COVID19 on cancer care delivery and outcomes remains unknown. Few trials have investigated patients’ perceived risks and benefits, and cancer care delivery (CCD) alterations related to COVID19. We sought to identify differences on behaviors and social determinants of health in Hispanics and other underrepresented populations (H/UP) compared to the general population (GP). Methods: An IRB-approved validated 27-item questionnaire was offered in English and Spanish to all pts. receiving cancer care at participating cancer centers over a 4 month period. Examined variables included demographic information, social risk and behavioral factors, preferred sources of health information, and overall satisfaction with CCD during the pandemic. Results: A total of 180 pts were enrolled in the study. Compared to GP, H/UP’s perceived risk of COVID19 was higher with 93% vs 87% more likely to cancel or avoid social gatherings and 54% vs 46% more likely to change daily routine. H/UP appeared more concerned with personal and financial safety; if unable to find work/get paid for 2 weeks, 26% H/UP vs 10% GP would struggle to keep up with expenses. 40% H/UP vs 10% GP have concerns on perceived ability to secure food on short term and consider COVID19 a major threat to their health (70% vs 46%) and financial situation (63% vs 35%). H/UP’s perceived benefits of protective measures is higher with 81% vs 60% routinely practicing social distancing (SD) and 79% vs 66% in agreement with punitive actions for not following SD. Analysis demonstrated no significant difference by age, gender, level of education, marital status, however Hispanic ethnicity and Spanish as primary language was a statistically significant variable (p = 0.025) in perceived risks and satisfaction with CCD. No major differences were noted on sources of health information although more H/UP relied on social media (33% vs 24%). H/UP appeared to be more skeptical about availability and safety of targeted vaccines (40% vs 15%). Satisfaction regarding CCD was comparable (84% vs 86%), although more H/UP perceived CCD alterations (15% vs 10%). Going forward, H/UP would prefer to incorporate virtual visits (VV) when possible (36% vs 25%). Conclusions: COVID19-related societal, financial, health and personal fears are increased in H/UP which likely negatively affects quality of life of these at-risk populations. H/UP’s trust in SD recommendations is heightened although linguistically and culturally appropriate information may be deficient. H/UP’s belief in vaccine availability and safety is comparable to GP, although recent reports suggest deeper fear and emphasize their fear of experimentation. Interventions aimed to decrease these differences could incorporate standard communications with special attention to social media. H/UP would prefer to incorporate VV into their care, although most do not possess appropriate technology to do so.
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Yalçın, Sıddıka Songül, Nilgün Çaylan, Suzan Yalçın, and Mehmet Ali Eryurt. "Trends and determinants of prelacteal feeding in Turkey: analysis of 2003–2018 demographic and health surveys." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 18 (August 5, 2020): 3269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020002037.
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AbstractObjective:The aim of the current study is to analyse the trends, determinants of prelacteal feeding (PLF) and its relations with the mode of delivery among infants <24 months over the years 2003–2018.Design:We pooled data from Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS). The key outcome variable was PLF. Factors associated with PLF were analysed by using complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis, separately and merged database.Setting:TDHS in 2003, 2008, 2013 and 2018.Participants:Mother–infant dyads (n 4942).Results:PLF rates fluctuated between 29·3 and 41·4 %. The most common types of PLF were infant formula (61·1 %) followed by sugar/glucose water (24·9 %) and plain water (9·3 %). PLF rate was 1·51 times higher (95 % CI 1·28, 1·78) in cases delivered by caesarean section as compared with those delivered by vaginal route. According to the initiation time of breast-feeding after delivery, the most significant absolute change in PLF rate was observed within 1 h (10·9 % increase). Delayed initiation of breast-feeding was associated with significantly higher odds of PLF compared with the first hour (1 to < 2 h: adjusted OR (AOR) 1·29, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·61; 2–23 h: AOR 1·73, 95 % CI 1·42, 2·11; ≥24 h: AOR 11·37, 95 % CI 8·81, 14·69).Conclusions:To eliminate suboptimal breast-feeding practices, counselling on breast-feeding and delivery type during antenatal visits, postnatal breast-feeding support and social support should be provided to all mothers and families.
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Abdullah, Naziruddin, Alias Mat Derus, and Husam-Aldin Nizar Al-Malkawi. "The effectiveness of zakat in alleviating poverty and inequalities." Humanomics 31, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 314–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/h-02-2014-0016.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of zakat (the Islamic tax) in alleviating poverty and inequality in Pakistan using a newly developed index, namely, the Basic Needs Deficiency Index (BNDI). Design/methodology/approach – The study formulates an index (BNDI) to measure the deficiency and effectiveness of zakat as one of the different items of government expenditure/spending to alleviate poverty. In this paper, Pakistan is chosen as a case study for two reasons: the availability and accessibility of data required for computing BNDI; and, in the past, no index such as this had been used to measure poverty in Pakistan. Findings – The results obtained from the computation of the BNDI have been able to explain the effectiveness of zakat in alleviating poverty and inequality in Pakistan. Practical implications – The findings of the study can be used by policymakers to measure and improve the effectiveness of zakat in reducing poverty and inequality. Social implications – As the ultimate beneficiaries of zakat are the poor people, the outcome of this study may help improve their quality of life. Originality/value – The paper develops a new methodology to measure poverty alleviation in Pakistan, focusing on the poor households’ consumption/expenditure on basic needs, government spending in terms of zakat and the number of zakat recipients as the three main determinants. The index developed in the present study can be applied to measure the performance of all Muslim countries whose provision of zakat is embedded in the national agenda to alleviate poverty.
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Khawaja, Muhammad Junaid, Fareed Sharif Farooqi, and Toseef Azid. "Intergenerational transmission of religious capital in a developing country." Humanomics 32, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/h-11-2015-0075.
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Purpose It is consensus among Muslim social scientists that religion as an informal institution plays a very important role in building the socio-economic structure of an Islamic state. The transmission of religiosity across generations has important economic implications for a family in particular and a society in general. The Tawhidi methodology is applied for a theoretical model and for the development of the model. The purpose of this study is to determine the transmission of religious capital in an Islamic society. Design/methodology/approach This study by using an index of religiosity for both parents and their offspring has explored the causal relationship between the religiosity across generations. By using three-tier analytical strategies, i.e. zero-order regression, model with control variables and model with mediating variables, this study has regressed two models for each control and mediating variable. Findings The findings for the core variable in all models confirmed the hypothesis of the study that parental religious traits are important determinants of the religiosity of their offspring. For the model of control variables, the variables of area, gender and age of the respondent along with the parental religious index are found to be significant with appropriate signs. For the model with mediating variables, only the variable of parental sharing of religious values along with the parental religious index are found to impact the religiosity of the offspring. Therefore, the nutshell of the findings is that the religious orientation of an offspring is highly influenced by the religious denominations of the parents. The formation of the religious capital is a continuous process and the ultimate result of divine knowledge. Research limitations/implications Data at the national level are not collected for this purpose by governmental organizations in a country like Pakistan because of shortage of funds. Therefore, data are collected by the authors. Practical implications This study will provide guidance to policy-makers for the formulation of their policies. Social implications Intergenerational transmission of religious capital plays a very important role in the moral development of an ideal society. Originality/value This is an original effort and is conducted for the first time in Pakistan.
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Talkhan, H., D. Stewart, T. Mcintosh, H. Ziglam, P. V. Abdulrouf, M. AL-HAIL, M. Diab, and S. Cunningham. "Exploring determinants of antimicrobial prescribing behaviour: a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_1 (April 1, 2022): i6—i7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac021.009.
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Abstract Introduction Few qualitative studies have explored determinants of antimicrobial prescribing behaviour in hospitals, and none has made reference to behavioural theories. An understanding of these determinants is required for the successful development and implementation of behaviour change interventions (BCIs) in this area. Aim To explore the determinants of clinicians’ antimicrobial prescribing behaviour, using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF; a framework of behavioural theories). Methods This work was part of a multi-phase explanatory, sequential mixed methods PhD programme of research. This qualitative part involved semi-structured, online (video) interviews via a videoconferencing software programme (Zoom) with clinicians (doctors and pharmacists) based in 12 Hamad Medical Corporation hospitals in Qatar. Clinicians were sampled purposively in strata of gender, profession, years of experience and area of practice. The interview schedule was developed based on a review of published literature (1), previous findings of quantitative research (2) and the TDF to ensure comprehensive coverage of key determinants (including barriers and facilitators) related to clinicians’ antimicrobial prescribing behaviour. Interviews were conducted from December 2020 to February 2021, audio-recorded, transcribed and independently analysed by two research team members using the TDF as an initial coding framework. Results Data saturation was achieved after interviewing eight doctors and eight pharmacists from a range of areas of practices and with a variety of experiences. A number of themes, linked to ten TDF domains, were identified as determinants of antimicrobial prescribing behaviour and these determinants were interrelated. In-depth analysis identified several barriers and facilitators that may contribute to inappropriate or appropriate antimicrobial prescribing. Main barriers identified were around hospital guidelines and electronic system deficiencies (environmental context and resources), gaps in the knowledge in relation to guidelines and appropriate prescribing (knowledge), restricted roles/responsibilities of microbiologists and pharmacists (professional role and identity), uncomfortable antimicrobial prescribing decisions (memory, attention and decision processes), as well as professional hierarchies and poor multidisciplinary teamworking/relationships (social influences). “Sometimes, the barrier would be the ego of senior doctors who refuse our evidence-based recommendation and depend on their clinical judgement or experience” (Pharmacist 470, Cardiology). Key facilitators highlighted included guidelines compliance goals and intentions, and the beliefs of consequences of appropriate or inappropriate prescribing. Further education and training sessions, and some changes to guidelines, including accessibility were also considered essential. “We need to seriously consider getting an antibiotic guidelines app which is downloaded to clinicians’ mobile phones. The mobile app is handy, you can access it anytime even at the patient’s bedside” (Doctor 514, Microbiology). Conclusion This qualitative study, using a theoretically based approach, has identified that antimicrobial prescribing in hospitals is a complex process influenced by a broad range of behavioural determinants that described specific barriers and facilitators. The in-depth understanding of this complexity provided by this phase of the research may contribute to the design and development of theoretically based BCIs to improve clinicians’ antimicrobial prescribing. Limitations include data collected with online interviews due to the Covid-19 restrictions. This may have excluded some clinicians who did not feel comfortable with or have access to the technology required. References (1) Talkhan H, Stewart D, Mcintosh T, Ziglam H, Abdulrouf P, Al-Hail M et al. The use of theory in the development and evaluation of behaviour change interventions to improve antimicrobial prescribing: a systematic review. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2020;75(9):2394-2410. (2) Talkhan H, Stewart D, McIntosh T, Ziglam H, Abdulrouf P, Al-Hail M et al. Using the Theoretical Domains Framework to investigate clinicians’ behavioural determinants of antimicrobial prescribing in Qatar. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 2021;29(1):i20-i22.
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Abbas, Muhammad, Toseef Azid, and Mohd Hairul Azrin Hj Besar. "Efficiency, effectiveness and performance profile of Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan." Humanomics 32, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/h-09-2015-0058.
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Purpose – Although there exists a huge pile of literature on the performance of banking sector, a gap exists in developing countries like Pakistan where only limited work has been previously done to evaluate the performance of banking sector. In fact, most of the previous studies are based on traditional ratio analysis. Other studies not only have applied modern techniques of frontier approach like data envelopment analysis (DEA) but also are limited to the measurement and comparison of efficiency scores of various groups of banks. The purpose of this study is to find out the determinant of variation in the performance of banks. Design/methodology/approach – This study computes various elements of performance, including efficiency and effectiveness, and finds out the factors of variation in each component of performance by using the Tobit regression. Findings – Overall performance of Islamic banks was influenced positively by age, capitalization, size, non-markup expenditure, minimum capital requirement and gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, whereas profitability, concentration and inflation had a negative relationship. Research limitations/implications – Islamic financial institutions are in their infancy stage. With the passage of time, one can find the exact trend in the performance and efficiency of these institutions. Practical implications – This study guides the investors in the process of their decision-making. Social implications – Society can also take the advantage of the moral steps which are taken by these institutions. Originality/value – This is an original study.
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Meidayati, Anis Wahyu. "Impact of Telecommunication Infrastructure, Market Size, Trade Openness and Labor Force on Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN." Journal of Developing Economies 2, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jde.v2i2.6677.
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AbstractForeign Direct Investment (FDI) in recent years has created a positive impact for ASEAN countries. FDI give spillover effects that directly contribute capital improvements, technological developments, and global market access, also skills and managerial transfers. In order to attract FDI inflow into country, ASEAN member countries need to know what factors which attract investment related to the needs of infrastructure types and other factors. The purpose of this study is examine the determinant of FDI in ASEAN countries. This research method used is panel data regression period 2005-2015 from 10 countries in ASEAN. The results showed simultaneously and partially telecommunication infrastructure, market size, trade openness, and labor force variable have significant relationship with FDI inflows in ASEAN countries.Keywords: panel data regression, telecommunication infrastructure, market size, trade openness, labor force, FDI.ReferencesAppleyard, DR. 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Prague Economic Papers.Dutt, Pushan, et all. 2007. “International trade and unemployment: Theory and cross-national evidence”, Journal of International Economics. Volume 78(1): 32-44.Gharaibeh, A. M. 2015. “The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment-Empirical Evidence from Bahrain”, International Journal of Business and Social Science. Vol. 6(8): 94-106.Grigg, N. 2000. Infrastructure System Management & Optimazation. Working Paper of Internasional Civil Engineering Departement Diponegoro University.Hirsch, Caitlin E. 1976. Macroeconomics, Politics and Policy: The Determinants of Capital Flows to Latin America. Texas Tech University.Hymer, Stephen Herbert. 1976. The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA), MIT Department of Economics PhD thesis originally presented 1960.Kaliappan, Shivee Ranjanee et all. 2013. “Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU) Countries”, International Journal of Economics and Management. Vol 7(1): 136 – 149.Kurniati, Y., A. et al. 2007. Determinan FDI (Faktor-faktor yang Menentukan Investasi Asing Langsung). Jakarta: Bank Indonesia.Mughal, M.M., & Akram, M. 2011. “Does Market Size Affect FDI? The Case of Pakistan”, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. Vol. 2(9): 237-247.Nasir, S. 2016. “FDI in India’s Retail Sector: Opportunities and Challenges”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. Vol: 23(3): 155-125.Novianti, Tanti et all. 2014. “The Infrastructure’s Influence on the Asean Countries’ Economic Growth”, Journal of Economics and Development Studies. Vol. 2(4):243-254.Rehman, C. A., Ilyas, M., Alam, H. M., & Akram. M., (2011). “The impact of Infrastructure on Foreign Direct Investment: The case of Pakistan”, International Journal of Business and Management. Vol.6(5): 184-197.Salvatore, D. 2007. International Economics. United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Sarna, Ritash. 2005. The impact of core labour standards on Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia. Working Paper of the Japan Institute No. 1789.Shah, Mumtaz Hussain. 2014. The Significance of Infrastructure for Fdi Inflow in Developing Countries. Journal of Life Economics. Vol. 3(5):1-16.Shah, Mumtaz Hussain., and Khan, Yahya. 2016. Trade Liberalisation and FDI Inflow in Emerging Economies. Business & Economic Review. Vol 2(1): 35-52.Todaro, Michael P. and Smith, Stephen C. 2011. Economic Development. Ninth Edition. United States: Addison Wesley.Umoru, D. & Yaqub, J.O. 2013. “Labour productivity and Human capital in Nigeria: The empirical evidence”, International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol. 3(4). 199-221.Vernon, R. (1966). “The product cycle hypothesis in a new international environment”, Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics. Vol 41(4), 255-267.World Bank. 2015. World Development Indicator 2015.Zeb, Nayyra et all. 2015. “Telecommunication Infrastructure and Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan: An Empirical Study”, Global Journal of Management and Business Research. Vol. 14(4): 117-128.
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Alemdag, Serdar, Ceyhun Alemdag, and Abdullah Bora Ozkara. "SOCIAL APPEARANCE ANXIETY OF FITNESS PARTICIPANTS." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 3, no. 102 (2016): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v3i102.58.
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Background. It is known that there are multiple associations between physical activity and psychology for human health. One of these associations is social appearance anxiety. Social appearance anxiety is a feeling of distress associated with the perceived evaluation of one’s physical self. Some individuals feel relatively little anxiety over this perceived evaluation, while others are highly stressed. There are many studies on physical activity and anxiety, but fewer studies on the social appearance anxiety. Therefore, the aim of this research is determining social appearance anxiety of individuals interested in physical activity and examining it according to some variables. Methods. The study group of the research consisted of 38 women (age = 28.53 ± 9.1 years), 190 men (age = 26.43 ± 7.78 years) from four different fitness centres, with a total number of 228 individuals. The data were collected using Social Appearance Anxiety Scale as a data collection tool. Descriptive statistics, t test for independent groups and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s multiple comparison; Kruskal-Wallis H test in the group not normally distributed were used as statistical methods for the evaluation of data. Results. Adolescences and those aiming at losing weight demonstrated more social appearance anxiety compared to young adults and those aiming to keep fit. Conclusion. It was determined that outgoing individuals demonstrated moderate levels of social appearance anxiety towards physical activity. Social appearance anxiety of individuals did not vary according to body mass index (BMI) and gender, but it varied in dependence age group and reasons for participating in physical activity. Thus it is said that the variables of age and reasons for participating in physical activity are determinant attributes of social appearance anxiety.
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Hardiani, Hardiani, and Amril Amril. "Socio-economic determinants of tourism trips by Jambi residents." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 4, no. 4 (June 30, 2017): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v4i4.3801.
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This study aims to analyze: 1) characteristics of trips generated by Jambi residents both for tourism purposes or other purposes; 2) characteristics of Jambi residents going on a tourism trip; 3) Socio-economic factors affecting tourism trips generated by Jambi residents. Data was taken from raw data provided in the result of Indonesian National Social Economic Survey (SUSENAS) for Jambi Province 2015. Descriptive research method was used to analyze the characteristics of trips by Jambi residents and of the tourists. Binary logistic regression model was used to analyze factors affecting tourism trips generated by residents. The study found: 1) Number of trips generated by Jambi residents are still relatively low. Only 14.4 percent of the total population has traveled within the last six months; 2) Besides the low number of trips, tourism activities are still relatively limited. Only 17.79 percent of population go on a tourism trip; 3) Tourist attractions in Jambi Province itself are the most common tourism destinations for Jambi residents, then followed by tourist attractions in South Sumatra, West Sumatra and Bengkulu; 4) Tourism trips generated by residents are mostly family trips, so they are relatively dominated by children and parents; 5) Socio-economic factors that significantly influence residents to go on a tourism trip are age, education, and family status. In addition, there is a probability difference of tourism trips by residents of the city and of the regency in Jambi Province. Key words: tourism attraction, family trip, tourism tripAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: 1) karakteristik perjalanan penduduk di Provinsi Jambi baik untuk tujuan wisata maupun tujuan lainnya; 2) karakteristik penduduk yang melakukan perjalanan wisata di Provinsi Jambi; 3) Faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi perjalanan wisata penduduk di Provinsi Jambi. Data bersumber dari “raw data” SUSENAS Tahun 2015 Provinsi Jambi. Untuk menganalisis karakteristik perjalanan penduduk, dan karakteristik individu wisatawan dilakukan secara deskriptif. Untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perjalanan wisata penduduk digunakan model regresi binary logistik. Hasil penelitian menemukan: 1). Aktivitas perjalanan penduduk di Provinsi Jambi masih relatif rendah. Hanya 14,14 persen dari total penduduk yang pernah melakukan perjalanan dalam enam bulan terakhir; 2) Selain rendahnya aktivitas perjalanan tersebut, aktivitas perjalanan untuk wisata juga masih relatif terbatas. Hanya 17,79 persen total penduduk yang melakukan perjalanan untuk berwisata; 3) Objek tujuan wisata penduduk Provinsi Jambi didominasi objek wisata yang ada di Provinsi Jambi sendiri, selain objek wisata yang ada di provinsi-provinsi berdekatan yaitu Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Barat dan Bengkulu; 4). Perjalanan wisata penduduk didominasi oleh perjalanan wisata keluarga, sehingga relatif didominasi oleh anak-anak dan orang tua; 5) Faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap perjalanan wisata penduduk adalah umur, pendidikan dan status dalam keluarga. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan probabilita perjalanan penduduk untuk wisata antara kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jambi.Kata Kunci: objek wisata, wisata keluarga, perjalanan wisata REFERENCES Agustin, Sentosa S U, Aimon H. (2014). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan wisatawan domestik terhadap ojek wisata bahari Pulau Cingkuak Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi, July, Vol. III No. 5, 2014; 1 – 20.Cohen, E. (1972). Towards a sociology of international tourism. Social Research, 39(1), 164-182.Damanik, Janianton dan Weber, Helmut. (2006). Perencanaan ekowisata dari teori ke aplikasi. Yogyakarta: PUSPAR UGM and Andi. Ernita. Y 2001. Karakteristik pola perjalanan wisata di obyek-obyek Tawangmangu Kabupaten Karanganyar. Bachelor’s Thesis. Surakarta, Fakultas Geografi, UMSFandeli, C. (1995). Dasar-dasar manajemen kepariwisataan alam. Yogyakarta: LibertyFoster, D. (1985). Perjalanan dan manajemen pariwisata. Mac.MilanGamal, S. (1997). Dasar-dasar pariwisata. Edisi pertama. Cetakan pertama. Penerbit Andi.Yogyakarta.Hardiani,H; Junaidi,J. (2011). Analisis kuantitas dan kualitas penduduk sebagai orientasi pembangunan di Provinsi Jambi. Laporan Penelitian. Kerjasama BKKBN dengan PSK UNJA. JakartaIrawan, K. (2010). Potensi objek wisata air terjun Serdang sebagai daya tarik wisata Di Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Utara. Paper works. Non-Degree Tourism Education Programs. Universitas Sumatera Utara.Junaidi,J; Hardiani,H. (2009). Dasar-dasar teori ekonomi kependudukan. Jakarta. Hamada PrimaJunaidi, J. (2015). Bentuk fungsional regresi linear (aplikasi model dengan Program SPSS). Jambi. Fakultas Ekonomi dan BisnisMarpaung, H.(2002). Pengantar pariwisata. Bandung :AlfabetaMulyani, R. (2006). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kunjungan wisatawan ke kawasan wisata Pantai Carita Kabupaten Pandeglang. Bachelor’s Thesis. Fakultas Pertanian. IPBNovitri, Q., Junaidi, J., & Safri, M. S. M. (2014). Determinan penerimaan daerah dari sektor pariwisata di kabupaten/kota Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah, 1(3), 149.Pendit.N S. (1994). Ilmu pariwisata sebuah pengantar. Perdana. Jakarta.Pitana, I Gde. 2005. Sosiologi pariwisata, kajian sosiologis terhadap struktur, sistem, dan dampak-dampak pariwisata. Yogyakarta: Andi OffsetSinclair, M. Theadan Mike Stabler. 1997. Economics of tourism. Routledge LondonSoekadijo, R.G, (2000), anatomi pariwisata: memahami pariwisata sebagai ”system lingage”, PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.Smith, Valene., (1977). Hosts and guests: the anthropology of tourism, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.Yoon, Y., Uysal, M. (2005).An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45-56.Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10.Tahun 2009. tentang Kepariwisataan.
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Lederbogen, Florian, Christine Kühner, Clemens Kirschbaum, Christa Meisinger, Josefine Lammich, Rolf Holle, Bertram Krumm, et al. "Salivary cortisol in a middle-aged community sample: results from 990 men and women of the KORA-F3 Augsburg study." European Journal of Endocrinology 163, no. 3 (September 2010): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-10-0491.
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ObjectiveAnalysis of salivary cortisol concentrations and derived indices is increasingly used in clinical and scientific medicine. However, comprehensive data on these parameters in the general population are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of salivary cortisol in a large middle-aged community sample and to identify major factors associated with altered hormone levels.DesignWe conducted a cross-sectional study within the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA)-F3 study. A total of 1484 participants aged 50–69 years (52% women) had agreed to provide four saliva samples during a regular weekday.MethodsWe measured salivary cortisol concentrations at wake-up (F0), ½ h (F½), 8 h (F8), and 14 h (F14) after waking. We calculated cortisol awakening response (CAR), slope, and area under the curve (AUCG) of the circadian cortisol secretion. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated by interview and questionnaires, sampling conditions by protocol. In total, 1208 participants returned saliva samples, exclusion criteria left 990 subjects for final analyses.ResultsSalivary cortisol levels were (means±s.d.) F0=13.7±7.6, F½=20.5±9.8, F8=5.4±3.3, and F14=2.0±1.8 nmol/l. Earlier sampling times were associated with higher CAR and smaller slope. Cortisol secretion was also influenced by gender and smoking habits. Higher perceived social support was associated with lower AUCG and smaller slope.ConclusionsWe provide data on salivary cortisol concentrations in a large middle-aged community sample. Gender, sampling time, smoking habits, and perceived social support appeared as determinants of cortisol secretion.
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Daly, Christopher J., Bryan Quinn, Anna Mak, and David M. Jacobs. "Community Pharmacists’ Perceptions of Patient Care Services within an Enhanced Service Network." Pharmacy 8, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030172.
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Background: Pharmacists are positioned as an accessible source of patient care services (PCS). Despite the adversity community pharmacies continue to face, the expanding opportunity of offering PCS continues to be a pathway forward. Objective: To identify community pharmacists’ perceptions to deliver PCS within an enhanced service network. Methods: One-on-one semi-structured phone interviews were conducted as part of a mixed-methods approach. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a consensus codebook to draft thematic findings. Participants were recruited from an electronic survey targeting community pharmacists from the New York chapters of the Community Pharmacy Enhanced Services Network (CPESN). Results: Twelve pharmacists were interviewed with four main themes identified. The majority of study participants were pharmacy owners (92%) devoting an average of 15 h/week to PCS and 8 h/week addressing social barriers. The main themes identified include: (1) perceptions of pharmacy profession, (2) reimbursement models and sustainability of PCS, (3) provision of patient care services, and (4) how PCS address social determinants of health. Conclusions: Offering PCS opportunities for patients is a direction many community pharmacists have embraced and are working to succeed. Ongoing research is needed focusing on community pharmacists’ self-perceptions of the clinical impact and role they hold in an evolving healthcare system.
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McDaniels-Davidson, Corinne, Jesse N. Nodora, Humberto Parada, Sandip P. Patel, and M. Elena Martinez. "Abstract B057: Identifying gaps in awareness of precision medicine terms between Hispanic/Latinxs and Non-Hispanic Whites in Southern California." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): B057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-b057.
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Abstract Background/Purpose Cancer health disparities persist between Hispanic/Latinxs (H/Ls) and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) in the US. Structural and societal inequities including in education and access to knowledge, exacerbate disparities. We investigated differences between H/Ls and NHWs in awareness of precision medicine terms that may create a decisional disadvantage in cancer prevention, diagnostics, and treatment for H/Ls. Methods A random sample of 4,000 San Diego County, California residents and 1,000 residents with ZIP codes along the US-MX border received study mailers with Spanish/English invitations and survey booklets, and a $2-bill pre-incentive. Reminder letters were sent 8 weeks later. Respondents were asked to self-identify race and ethnicity and to indicate on a 5-point Likert scale (“not at all” to “extremely”) how familiar they were with a series of 13 medical terms [i.e., 2 precision medicine, 10 genetics, and 1 social determinants of health; Williams et al. 2018]. A total of 720 completed surveys were received (14.4% response rate), including 446 from NHWs and 154 from H/Ls. Pearson Chi-Square tests assessed associations between ethnicity and being “moderately” or “extremely” familiar with the terms. Results Of the 600 H/L and NHW residents completing surveys, 33.8% were men, 64.8% were women, 0.2% were transgender, and 1.2% did not identify. NHWs reported significantly greater familiarity than H/Ls for 10 of 13 terms. Genomics had the greatest difference with 52.3% of NHWs reporting moderate/extreme familiarity compared to 23.8% of H/Ls (p<0.01). Despite overall familiarity with more common terms, significant differences between H/Ls and NHWs were observed; although >50% of both groups reported familiarity with the terms genetic testing, gene, hereditary, DNA, and chromosome, NHWs reported greater familiarity than H/Ls by >10 percentage points (p<0.01). Greater familiarity between NHWs and H/Ls were also reported for lesser-known terms such as biological indicators (56.0% vs. 36.9%), biomarkers (45.8% vs. 26.7%), social determinants of health (29.2% vs. 15.5%), and biobank (21.3% vs. 13.6%). There were no significant differences in familiarity with the precision medicine terms or pharmacogenomics. Discussion Cancer health disparities are the result of complex, interwoven structural and societal inequities. Familiarity with medical terminology is a quantifiable example of access to knowledge. In contrast to recent literature, we report significant differences between H/Ls and NHWs using this precision medicine familiarity tool. H/L communities, and particularly H/L patients, may need additional health literacy support to fully participate in decision-making for cancer prevention and care including participation in clinical trials and tissue biorepositories. Cancer centers have an opportunity to support outreach and education efforts to bridge these gaps in the community and among the patient population through bilingual and bicultural clinical teams, translated plain-language consents, and patient navigation. Citation Format: Corinne McDaniels-Davidson, Jesse N. Nodora, Humberto Parada Jr., Sandip P. Patel, M. Elena Martinez. Identifying gaps in awareness of precision medicine terms between Hispanic/Latinxs and Non-Hispanic Whites in Southern California [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B057.
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Machado, Fabiana Andrade, Wonder Passoni Higino, Cecília Segabinazi Peserico, Paulo Victor Mezzaroba, and Solange Marta Franzói De Moraes. "Comparação entre os ajustes de curva exponencial e polinomial na determinação do limiar de lactato pelo método Dmax." Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte 33, no. 4 (December 2011): 1029–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-32892011000400015.
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Comparou-se a velocidade de corrida no limiar de lactato (vLL) determinada pelo método Dmax utilizando-se os ajustes de curva exponencial mais constante (vLLexp) e polinomial de terceira ordem (vLLpol). Dezessete corredoras recreacionais realizaram um teste incremental descontínuo em esteira rolante até a exaustão voluntária com coleta de sangue entre os estágios para análise do lactato. A vLL Exp (10,9 ± 0,8 km/h) foi estatisticamente diferente (P < 0,05) da vLL Pol (10,4 ± 1,1 km/h) utilizando-se o teste t de Student pareado. A correlação entre a vLL Exp e a vLL Pol foi de r = 0,84. As correlações entre a velocidade pico e as vLL foram r = 0,94 (vLLexp) e r = 0,69 (vLLpol). Foi concluído que a escolha da curva de regressão do lactato sanguíneo influi no valor da vLL, sendo a vLLpol consistentemente inferior à vLLexp.
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Talkhan, H., D. Stewart, T. McIntosh, H. Ziglam, P. V. Abdulrouf, M. Al-Hail, M. Diab, and S. Cunningham. "Using the Theoretical Domains Framework to investigate clinicians’ behavioural determinants of antimicrobial prescribing in Qatar." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 29, Supplement_1 (March 26, 2021): i20—i22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riab015.025.
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Abstract Introduction A recent systematic review by Talkhan et al demonstrated the need for theoretically based behaviour change interventions in this area. [1] For development of such complex interventions, emphasis should be placed on using theory to systematically identify behavioural determinants of antimicrobial prescribing. Aim To identify and quantify clinicians’ behavioural determinants of antimicrobial prescribing in Qatar. Methods This cross-sectional survey is part of a multi-phase explanatory, sequential mixed methods PhD project in Qatar. Questionnaires were distributed (online and paper based) to all doctors (~4,000) and pharmacists (~400) within Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC, the main healthcare provider). The questionnaire was developed with reference to the Determinants of Implementation Behaviour Questionnaire (a generic questionnaire derived from the 14 theoretical domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework, TDF). [2] Each item was presented as a 5-point Likert scale (scored 5=Strongly agree to 1=Strongly disagree). Personal and practice demographics were also collected for data contextualisation. The draft questionnaire was reviewed for face/content validity by an expert panel of six researchers in Qatar and the UK with experience in the use of the TDF, followed by ‘Think aloud’ testing and piloting. Analysis investigated the behavioural determinants and influential factors through descriptive, principal component analysis (PCA) and inferential analysis. Ethics approval was granted from a UK university and HMC. Results In total, 535 responses were received, 339 (63.4%) from doctors and 196 (36.6%) from pharmacists. Respondents were predominantly male, 346 (64.7%). Just over half (n=285, 53.3%) had ≤ 5 years’ experience as health professionals. PCA showed a three component (C) solution with components incorporating a number of questionnaire items labelled: ‘Guidelines compliance’ (C1 with 8 items), ‘Influences on prescribing’ (C2 with 7 items) and ‘Self-efficacy’ (C3 with 5 items) in prescribing/recommendation activity. A scale score for each respondent was calculated through summation of Likert scores for the relevant questionnaire items within each component. These scales had high internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha all >0.7) showing consistency in response between component items indicating statistical appropriateness for developing scales. The median score (possible scale range, midpoint) for each scale was C1, 32 (8 to 40, 24), C2, 26 (7 to 35, 21) and C3, 20, (5 to 25, 15). By way of example Table 1 shows levels of agreement for items in C2. This shows lower levels of agreement than C1 scale with the median scale score (26) closer to the midpoint (21) indicating that respondents had less positive views. Inferential analysis using these scale scores and free text analysis is in progress. Conclusion A theoretical basis was used throughout providing insights to behavioural determinants for the development of a theory-based behaviour change intervention. Preliminary results suggest that social influences, staff development and quality monitoring may be useful targets for behaviour change interventions to improve antimicrobial prescribing practice. Limitations include potential social desirability bias and focus on one healthcare organisation/country in the Middle East which may limit generalisability of findings. More in-depth exploration is required to select and test appropriate linked theory-based behaviour change techniques. References 1. Talkhan H, Stewart D, McIntosh T, Ziglam H Palli Valapila, A; Moza Sulaiman H, Diab M, Cunningham S. The use of theory in the development and evaluation of behaviour change interventions to improve antimicrobial prescribing: a systematic review. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020;75(9):2394–2410, Available from https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa154 [Accessed 12 Oct 2020]. 2. Huijg JM, Gebhardt WA, Dusseldorp E, Verheijden MW, van der Zouwe N, Middelkoop BJ, Crone MR. Measuring determinants of implementation behaviour: psychometric properties of a questionnaire based on the Theoretical Domains Framework. Implement. Sci. 2014;9(1):33.
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Ikawa, Daniela R. "Hart, Dworkin e discricionariedade." Lua Nova: Revista de Cultura e Política, no. 61 (2004): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-64452004000100006.
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A questão central discutida neste artigo é a existência ou não de um dever legal do juiz de decidir de uma determinada forma em caso de 'lacuna da lei', termo empregado por H. L. A. Hart, ou em 'casos difíceis', termo adotado por Ronald Dworkin. Este artigo conclui que embora Hart e Dworkin admitam uma forma fraca de discricionariedade judicial, eles adotam visões opostas quanto à existência daquele dever. Ao defender uma noção de completude legal, ao discordar da regra social de reconhecimento e ao incluir princípios não convencionais no conceito de direito, Dworkin fundamenta a existência daquele dever judicial, oferecendo critérios objetivos de decisão mesmo para casos difíceis.
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Catho, Heloise, Sebastien Guigard, Anne-Claire Toffart, Gil Frey, Thibaut Chollier, Pierre-Yves Brichon, Jean-François Roux, et al. "What are the barriers to the completion of a home-based rehabilitation programme for patients awaiting surgery for lung cancer: a prospective observational study." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e041907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041907.
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ObjectivesHome-based rehabilitation programmes (H-RPs) could facilitate the implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation prior to resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but their feasibility has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of non-completion of an H-RP and the factors associated with medical events occurring 30 days after hospital discharge.DesignA prospective observational study.InterventionAll patients with confirmed or suspected NSCLC were enrolled in a four-component H-RP prior to surgery: (i) smoking cessation, (ii) nutritional support, (iii) physiotherapy (at least one session/week) and (iv) home cycle-ergometry (at least three times/week).OutcomesThe H-RP was defined as ‘completed’ if the four components were performed before surgery.ResultsOut of 50 patients included, 42 underwent surgery (80% men; median age: 69 (IQR 25%–75%; 60–74) years; 64% Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); 29% type 2 diabetes). Twenty patients (48%) completed 100% of the programme. The median (IQR) duration of the H-RP was 32 (19; 46) days. Multivariate analysis showed polypharmacy (n=24) OR=12.2 (95% CI 2.0 to 74.2), living alone (n=8) (single vs couple) OR=21.5 (95% CI 1.4 to >100) and a long delay before starting the H-RP (n=18) OR=6.24 (95% CI 1.1 to 36.6) were independently associated with a risk of non-completion. In univariate analyses, factors associated with medical events at 30 days were H-RP non-completion, diabetes, polypharmacy, social precariousness and female sex.ConclusionFacing multiple comorbidities, living alone and a long delay before starting the rehabilitation increase the risk of not completing preoperative H-RP.Trial registration numberNCT03530059.
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Vereecken, Carine, Stefaan De Henauw, Lea Maes, Luis Moreno, Yannis Manios, Katharina Phillipp, Maria Plada, and Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij. "Reliability and validity of a healthy diet determinants questionnaire for adolescents." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 10 (October 2009): 1830–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008004655.
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AbstractObjectiveTo describe the development of a short questionnaire including a wide range of personal, social and environmental constructs in relation to a healthy diet in an adolescent population.DesignThe questionnaire was developed based on the literature, past experiences and feedback from a small pilot study (n 10). Test and retest (2 weeks later) of the questionnaire was done to investigate test–retest reliability. Data of four non-consecutive 24 h recalls were collected to investigate the predictive validity with food (fruit, vegetables, milk, snacks, soft drinks), nutrient (fibre, ascorbic acid, Ca, percentage energy from fat) and energy intakes.SettingAt home, in the presence of a student.SubjectsConvenience sample of fifty-five Belgian-Flemish adolescents approached by university students for course credits.ResultsTest–retest correlations of the constructs ranged between 0·51 and 0·78. Eleven of the eighteen final constructs were significantly associated with one or more of the five selected food items, all in the expected direction. Most significant associations with the food items were found for taste, perceived peers’ behaviour and availability of soft drinks at home. Fresh fruit and soft drinks were correlated with most constructs (seven) followed by snacks (five). Concerning energy and the selected nutrient variables, the findings were less clear.ConclusionsThe results are promising: the test–retest stability was moderate to good; most of the psychosocial constructs were significantly associated with one or more of the selected dietary variables. Future work in a larger sample of European adolescents is warranted.
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Sorensen, John H., Michael K. Lindell, Earl J. Baker, and William P. Lehman. "Community Response to Hurricane Threat: Estimates of Warning Issuance Time Distributions." Weather, Climate, and Society 12, no. 4 (October 2020): 837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-20-0031.1.
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AbstractHurricane evacuation warnings from local officials are one of the most significant determinants of households’ evacuation departure times. Consequently, it is important to know how long after the National Hurricane Center (NHC) issues a hurricane watch or warning that local officials wait to issue evacuation warnings. The distribution of local evacuation warning issuance delays determined from poststorm assessment data shows a wide range of warning issuance delay times over an 85-h time span, although the vast majority of times fall within a 40-h window. Nearly 30% of the jurisdictions issued evacuation warnings before an NHC hurricane warning. Only 5% delayed the decision for more than 25 h after the NHC hurricane warning. The curves for warning issuance delays, using both the NHC watch and NHC warning issuance times as reference points, are very different from the warning issuance curves observed for the rapid-onset events. The hurricane data exhibit much more of an “S shape” than the exponential shape that is seen for rapid-onset data. Instead, curves for three different types of storm tracks, defined by a perpendicular/parallel dimension and a straight/meandering dimension, follow three noticeably different logistic distributions. The data also indicate that warnings were issued significantly earlier for coastal counties than for inland counties. These results have direct practical value to analysts that are calculating evacuation time estimates for coastal jurisdictions. Moreover, they suggest directions for future research on the reasons for the timing of local officials’ hurricane evacuation decisions.
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Gritsenko, V. V., L. V. Ostapenko, and I. A. Subbotina. "The Importance of Civil, Ethnic and Regional Identity for Residents from Small Russian Towns and its Determinants." Social Psychology and Society 11, no. 4 (2020): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2020110412.
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Objective. The objective of the study is to analyze the subjective significance attached by residents of small towns to civil, ethnic and regional identities and to identify its determinants. Background. The growth of uncertainty and social and economic instability in society actualize the processes in the social identification of the person. Under these conditions the study of civic, ethnic and regional identities of residents from provincial towns in the Russian Federation as an important resource for group solidarity is of particular importance. Study design. The authors rely on H. Tajfel and J. Turner’s theory of social identity. We conducted a survey among residents in the town Belev, Tula region, and the town Staritsa, Tver region, characterized by mono-ethnicity, negative demographic dynamics, remoteness from the capital and its regional centers. Participants. The study involved 600 ethnic Russians (50.8% women). The quota sample in both towns included three age groups: 16—29 years old, 30—49 years old, 50 and older, each group included 100 people. Measurements. The questionnaire was developed and tested at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences. The questions are aimed at determining the identification degree of respondents with various social groups, as well as assessing satisfaction with various aspects of life and confidence in their own future and the future of their town. For data processing we used methods of descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, multiple regression analysis, SPSS 18.0. Results. We have found high rates of subjective significance of civic, ethnic and regional identities for respondents. Moreover residents of small towns identify themselves more with representatives of their folk, less with residents of their town/region and even less with citizens of their country. The determinants of the subjective significance in the investigated types of identity for old people are satisfaction with various aspects of life, while residents in town Belev have unlimited love for their native town, pride and faith in its future prosperity. Conclusions. The study showed that residents of small towns are looking for reliance, support and protection, primarily in identification with their ethnic group. The resource for maintaining positive self-determination is also regional identity. Moreover regional identity in this case plays an important consolidating role acting as a mechanism for the social integration of civil society.
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Rifadli D. Kadir and Juniaty Ismail. "Millennials Adpot Online Delivery: Analysis Using UTAUT2 Model During Pandemic Covid-19." Journal of Principles Management and Business 1, no. 01 (June 16, 2022): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55657/jpmb.v1i01.54.
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The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit since the beginning of 2020 has forced the government to issue a social distancing policy . This policy dampens the economic activity of the community, including buying and selling transactions, to the use of online payment systems to make it easier for people to meet their needs from home. This study aims to analyze the determinant factors that influence Behavior Intention on the use of online delivery systems using the UTAUT 2 method. The object of this research is dominated by the millennial generation who have more user experience. The independent variables studied in this study were Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI), Facilitating Conditions (FC), Price Value (PV), Hedonic Motivation (HM), and Habit (H) towards Behavior Intention (BI) using PLS-SEM analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that the variables of Performance Expectancy, Price Value, and Habit have a positive effect on Behavior Intention while other factors have no effect on Behavior Intention.
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Sawa, Satomi, Michikazu Sekine, and Masaaki Yamada. "Social and Family Factors as Determinants of Sleep Habits in Japanese Elementary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Super Shokuiku School Project." Children 8, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020110.
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This study explored the associations of lifestyle, familial, and social factors with sleep habits in 1882 elementary school children, aged 6–13 years, from the Super Shokuiku School Project in January 2016. A survey assessed sex, grade, sleep habits, lifestyle, social background, and parental lifestyle. Bedtime “≥22:00,” wake-up time “≥07:00,” sleep duration “<8 h,” and “daytime sleepiness” were defined as poor sleep habits; correlates were analyzed using logistic regression. Skipping breakfast was consistently significantly associated with poor sleep, especially among children with late wake-up times (adjusted odds ratio 5.45; 95% confidence interval 3.20–9.30). Excessive screen time was associated with late bed and wake-up times. Physical inactivity was significantly associated with daytime sleepiness. Children of mothers with poor lifestyle habits were likely to go to bed late and feel sleepy the next day. Social and family factors were associated with children’s sleep habits. Several behaviors, including skipping breakfast, excessive screen time, and physical inactivity, were associated with poor sleep habits, manifesting as a night-oriented lifestyle. Although a longitudinal study is needed to determine causality, in addition to sleep education for children, sleep education for parents and society at large may be necessary to improve children’s sleep habits.
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Myer, Parvathi A. "Abstract IA006: The effect of ancestry and the genomics of colorectal cancer: Implications on incidence and outcomes." Cancer Research 82, no. 23_Supplement_1 (December 1, 2022): IA006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.crc22-ia006.
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Abstract Blacks have a higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and worse survival rates when compared to Whites. Comprehensive genomic profiling was performed in 46,140 colorectal adenocarcinoma cases. Ancestry-informative markers identified 5,301 patients of African descent (AFR) and 33,770 patients of European descent (EUR). AFR were younger, had fewer MSI-H tumors, and had significantly more frequent alterations in KRAS, APC, and PIK3CA. AFR had increased frequency of KRAS mutations specifically KRAS G12D and KRAS G13. There were no differences in rates of actionable kinase driver alterations (HER2, MET, NTRK, ALK, ROS1, RET). In patients with young onset CRC (<50 years), AFR and EUR had similar frequency of MSI-H and TMB-H tumors, and strikingly different trends in APC mutations by age, as well as differences in MAPK pathway alterations. These findings inform treatment decisions, impact prognosis, and underscore the need for model systems representative of our diverse US population. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of colon polyps and the effect of genomics, ancestry and social determinants of health on CRC incidence and outcomes. Citation Format: Parvathi A. Myer. The effect of ancestry and the genomics of colorectal cancer: Implications on incidence and outcomes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer; 2022 Oct 1-4; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(23 Suppl_1):Abstract nr IA006.
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Achak, Doha, Abdelghaffar El-Ammari, Asmaa Azizi, Ibtissam Youlyouz-Marfak, Elmadani Saad, Chakib Nejjari, Abderraouf Hilali, and Abdelghafour Marfak. "Lifestyle Habits Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life in Moroccan College Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 29, 2023): 2394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032394.
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The transition to university is a critical period during which considerable life changes arise. Useful national data to design tailored interventions aimed at promoting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Moroccan students are lacking. The present study is aimed at filling this gap by investigating the levels and associated factors of HRQoL among a national sample of Moroccan university students. HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L instrument. Data from 2759 university students were collected in a large, cross-sectional, web-based survey. All statistical analyses were conducted using the R software. The EQ-5D-5L findings showed that the majority of students rated level 1 (no problems) and level 2 (slight problems) for the “Mobility”, “Self-Care”, “Usual Activities”, and “Pain/Discomfort” HRQoL dimensions. However, the “Anxiety/Depression” dimension was the exception; more than half (57.1%) of the students were slightly to extremely anxious or depressed. The levels of lifestyle habits were of concern among participants of this study. With respect to sedentary behaviors and physical activity, we found that approximately 80% of participants spent ≥2 h/day on different screen-based sedentary behaviors, and 60% were physically inactive. Lifestyle habits that were found to be associated with HRQoL are sleeping time, physical activity, leisure, hygiene, household activities, homework, and social media time. The multiple regression model explained 93% of the EQ-VAS score variance. The findings could be of great importance for researchers and policymakers interested in promoting health of university students.
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Gatandi, Tanstadhica Ainun, and Dian Filianti. "DETERMINAN PENGUNGKAPAN ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2019." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 8, no. 6 (December 5, 2021): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol8iss20216pp727-742.
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ABSTRAKPengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial yang dipakai saat ini atau yang disebut dengan Corporate Social Responsibility masih bersifat konvensional serta pengukuran yang dipakai masih mengacu kepada Global Reporting Initiative Index, yang dimana indikatornya masih dibatasi dengan aspek material saja. Dengan adanya keterbatasan tersebut, sudah mulai banyak diperbincangkan mengenai pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial yang sesuai dengan prinsip syariah yaitu Islamic Social Reporting. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh antara Umur Perusahaan, Ukuran Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Profitabilitas, dan Likuiditas terhadap pengungkapan ISR pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia tahun 2015-2019. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan regresi data panel dengan menggunakan program software Eviews 10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil uji F menunjukkan secara simultan semua variabel berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pengungkapan ISR. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil uji T menunjukkan bahwa variabel Umur Perusahaan dan Ukuran Dewan Pengawas Syariah berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan ISR, sedangkan pada variabel Profitabilitas dan Likuiditas tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan ISR.Kata Kunci: Pengungkapan Islamic Social Reporting, Umur Perusahaan, Ukuran Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Profitabilitas, Likuiditas. ABSTRACTDisclosure of social responsibility used today or what is called Corporate Social Responsibility is still conventional and the measurement used still refers to the Global Reporting Initiative Index, where the indicators are still limited to material aspects. With these limitations, there has been a lot of discussion about the disclosure of social responsibility in accordance with sharia principles, namely Islamic Social Reporting. This study aims to analyze the effect of Company Age, Sharia Supervisory Board Size, Profitability, and Liquidity on ISR disclosure at Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia in 2015-2019. The analysis technique in this study uses panel data regression using the Eviews 10 software program. Meanwhile, based on the results of the T test, it shows that the variables of Company Age and Size of the Sharia Supervisory Board affect the disclosure of ISR, while the variables of Profitability and Liquidity have no effect on the disclosure of ISR.Keywords: Islamic Social Reporting Disclosure, Company Age, Sharia Supervisory Board Size, Profitability, Liquidity.DAFTAR PUSTAKAAffandi, H., & Nursita, M. (2019). Profitabilitas, likuiditas, leverage, dan ukuran perusahaan: Sebuah analisis islamic social reporting (ISR) pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di JII. Majalah Ilmiah BIJAK, 16(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.31334/bijak.v16i1.318Aini, N., Susilowati, Y., Indarti, K., & Age, R.F. (2017). Pengaruh umur perusahaan, ukuran perusahaan, leverage, likuiditas, profitabilitas, dan kinerja lingkungan hidup terhadap pengungkapan islamic social reporting pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) Tahun 2012-2015. Dinamika Akuntansi, Keuangan dan Perbankan, 6(1), 67-82. Retrieved from https://www.unisbank.ac.id/ojs/index.php/fe9/article/view/5945Ajija, R.S., Sari, W.D., Setianto, H.R., & Primanti, R. M. (2011). Cara cerdas menguasai Eviews. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.Alma, B., & Priansa, D. J. (2014). Manajemen bisnis syariah: Menanamkan nilai dan praktik syariah dalam bisnis kontemporer. Bandung: Alfabeta.Basuki, A.T., & Yuliadi, I. (2015). Elektronik data prosessing (SPSS 15 dan Eviews 7). Yogyakarta: Danisa Media.Chariri, A., & Ghozali, I. (2007). Teori akuntansi. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.DPR RI. (2007). Undang-Undang No. 40 tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Jakarta: DPR RI.Eksandy, A., & Hakim, M. Z. (2018). Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan islamic social reporting pada perbankan syariah Indonesia periode 2011-2015. Jurnal Akuntansi Maranatha, 10(2): 187-198. https://doi.org/10.28932/jam.v10i2.1084Fauziah, K., & Yudho, P. (2013). Analisis pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perbankan syariah di Indonesia Berdasarkan Islamic Social Reporting Indeks. Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi, 5(1), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.15294/jda.v5i1.2559Fitria, S., & Hartanti, D. (2010). Islam dan tanggung jawab sosial: Studi perbandingan pengungkapan berdasarkan global reporting initiative indeks dan Islamic social reporting indeks. Jurnal Simposium Nasional Akuntansi XIII Purwokerto.Ghozali, I. & Rahmatmono, D. (2013). Analisis multivariat dan ekonometrika: Teori, konsep, dan aplikasi dengan Eviews 8. Semarang: BPFE Universitas Diponegoro.Haniffa, R. (2002). Social reporting disclosure an Islamic perspective. Indonesian Management & Accounting Research, 1(2), 128-146.Harahap, S.S. (2015). Analisis laporan keuangan. Yogyakarta: UPP STIM YKPN.Herawati, H., Rawi, R., & Destiana, R. (2019). Pengaruh ROA dan ukuran dewan pengawas syariah terhadap Islamic social reporting pada bank umum syariah. Jurnal Akuntansi, 14(1), 1-12. Retrieved from http://jurnal.unsil.ac.id/index.php/jak/article/view/958Hussain, A., Khan, M., Rehman, A., Zada, S.S., Malik, S., Khattak, A., & Khan, H. (2020). Determinants of Islamic social reporting in Islamic banks of Pakistan. International Journal of Law and Management, 63(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-02-2020-0060Janggu, T. (2004). Corporate social disclosure of construction companies in Malaysia. Unpublished Thesis. Universiti Teknologi MARA.Jati, K.W., Agustina, L., Muliasari, I., & Armeliza, D. (2020). Islamic social reporting disclosure as a form of social responsibility of Islamic banks in Indonesia. Banks and Bank Systems, 15(2), 47-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(2).2020.05Khoiruddin, A. (2013). Corporate governance dan pengungkapan Islamic social reporting pada perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Negeri Semarang, 2(2), 227-232. https://doi.org/10.15294/aaj.v2i2.2919Lestari, P. (2013). Determinants of Islamic social reporting in syariah banks: Case of Indonesia. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2(10), 28-34.Lestari, S. (2016). Pengaruh tingkat profitabilias, likuiditas, leverage, ukuran perusahaan, dan umur perusahaan terhadap pengungkapan Islamic social reporting pada perbankan syariah Indonesia tahun 2010-2014. Jurnal Akuntansi Unesa, 4(2).Mallin, C., Farag, H., & Ow-Yong, K. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance in Islamic banks. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 103, S21-S38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.03.001Nalukenge, I., Nkundabanyanga, S.K., & Tauringana, V. (2012). Literacy, external user-pressure and quality of accounting information of Ugandan SMEs. Accounting in Africa, 12(A), 51-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3563(2012)000012A007Othman, R., Thani, A.Md., & Ghani, E.K. (2009). Determinants of Islamic social reporting among top shariah-approved companies in bursa Malaysia. Research Journal of International Studies, 12, 4-20.Othman, R., & Thani, A. (2010). Islamic social reporting of listed companies in Malaysia. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 9(4), 135-144. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v9i4.561Prasetyoningrum, A.K. (2018). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, leverage, efisiensi biaya, dan umur perusahaan terhadap Islamic social reporting pada perbankan syariah di Indonesia. MALIA: Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance, 2(2), 147-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/malia.v2i2.4780Priyatno, D. (2012). Cara kilat belajar analisis data dengan SPSS 20. Yogyakarta: ANDI.Purwani, T., Nurlaela, & Wijayanti, S.A. (2018). The influence of company size, profitability, liquidity, leverage and tax avoidance disclosure against the Islamic social reporting on companies listed on the Indonesian stock index of sharia. Proceeding ICTESS (International Conference on Technology, Education, and Social Sciences), 39-47.Putri, R.K., & Kurnia, P. (2017). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, leverage, likuiditas, dan basis kepemilikan terhadap corporate social responsibility pada perusahaan pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode tahun 2012-2014. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi, 4(1), 558-571.Ramadhani, F. (2016). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, leverage, dan ukuran dewan pengawas syariah terhadap pengungkapan Islamic social reporting (Studi empiris pada bank umum syariah di Indonesia tahun 2010-2014). Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi, 3(1), 2487-2500.Sofyani, H., Ulum, I., Syam, D., & Wahjuni, S. (2012). Islamic social reporting indeks sebagai model pengukuran kinerja sosial perbankan syariah (Studi komparasi Indonesia dan Malaysia). Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi, 4(1), 36-46. https://doi.org/10.15294/jda.v4i1.1958Sudana, I.M. (2011). Manajemen keuangan perusahaan teori dan praktek. Jakarta: Erlangga.Triyuwono, I. (2006). Perspektif, metodologi, dan teori akuntansi syariah. Depok: PT RajaGrafindo Persada.Wardani, M.K., & Sari, D.D. (2018). Disclosure of Islamic social reporting in sharia banks: Case of Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Finance and Islamic Banking, 1(2), 105-120. https://dx.doi.org/10.22515/jfib.v1i2.1495Widiyanti, N.W., & Hasanah, N.T. (2017). Analisis determinan pengungkapan Islamic social reporting (Studi kasus pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) tahun 2011-2015). BISNIS Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen Islam, 5(2), 239-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/bisnis.v5i2.3013Winarno, W. W. (2015). Analisis ekonometrika dan statistika dengan EViews. Yogyakarta: UPP STIM YKPN.
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Putri, Widya Arga, and Darwanto. "Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Analysis with Social Performance Indicators in Sharia Banking in Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 9, no. 6 (December 7, 2022): 874–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol9iss20226pp874-883.
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ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) perbankan syariah periode 2018-2020 dengan menggunakan indeks Social Performance Indicators (SPI). Indeks SPI memiliki kerangka kerja yang lebih luas dengan menambahkan aspek religiositas sebagai indikator penilaian. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif-kuantitatif menggunakan metode analisis isi yang dikombinasikan dengan sistem pembobotan dan pemeringkatan menggunakan skala RDAP. Data pada penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan tahunan setiap perbankan syariah. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari Bank Aceh Syariah, Bank NTB Syariah, Bank Mega Syariah, BTPN Syariah, BCA Syariah, BNI Syariah, dan Bank Syariah Mandiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan enam indikator yang terdiri dari Religiositas, Lingkungan, Masyarakat, Tata Kelola, Karyawan, dan Klien. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Tata Kelola adalah dimensi yang paling banyak diungkapkan oleh perbankan syariah dengan skor 95,8%, sedangkan dimensi Klien memperoleh skor paling rendah yakni sebesar 53,4%. Pengungkapan CSR dengan indeks SPI perbankan syariah selama periode 2018-2020 secara keseluruhan memperoleh predikat proaktif dari skala RDAP dengan skor sebesar 85,6%. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa indikator yang digunakan indeks SPI telah mencakup hal-hal yang dibutuhkan perbankan syariah untuk menilai kinerja tanggung jawab sosialnya. Perbankan syariah diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi lebih pada dimensi klien di samping menjaga konsistensi tanggung jawab sosial pada dimensi lainnya. Kata Kunci: Corporate Social Responsibility, Social Performance Indicators, Pengungkapan, Pemeringkatan. ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Islamic banking for the 2018-2020 period using the Social Performance Indicators (SPI) index. The SPI index has a broader framework by adding aspects of religiosity as an assessment indicator. This was a descriptive qualitative-quantitative research. It used the content analysis method combined with a weighting and ranking system which used the RDAP scale. The data in this study used secondary data obtained from the annual report of each Islamic banking. The sample of this research consisted of Bank Aceh Syariah, Bank NTB Syariah, Bank Mega Syariah, BTPN Syariah, BCA Syariah, BNI Syariah, and Bank Syariah Mandiri. This study used six indicators consisting of Religiosity, Environment, Society, Governance, Employees, and Clients. The results of this study indicate that Governance is the dimension most widely disclosed by Islamic banking with a score of 95.8%, while the Client dimension obtained the lowest score of 53.4%. CSR disclosure with the Islamic banking SPI index during the 2018-2020 period as a whole received a proactive predicate from the RDAP scale with a score of 85.6%. This research proves that the indicators used by the SPI index have covered the things that Islamic banks need to assess their social responsibility performance. Islamic banking is expected to contribute more to the client dimension while maintaining consistency in social responsibility in other dimensions. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Social Performance Indicators, Disclosure, Ranking. REFERENCES Amran, A., Fauzi, H., Purwanto, Y., Darus, F., Yusoff, H., Zain, M.M., Naim, D.M.A. & Nejati, M. (2017). Social responsibility disclosure in Islamic banks: A comparative study of Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 15(1), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-01-2015-0016 Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Corporate Social Responsibility, 4(4), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1979.4498296 Clarkson, M. E. (1995). A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92–117. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9503271994 Desiana. (2018). Pelaporan corporate sosial responsibility (CSR) perbankan syariah dalam perspektif syariah enterprise theory. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Hukum Islam, 2(2), 107–133. Fauzi, M., Akbarudin, W. H., Darmasetiawan, I. E., & Darussalam, A. (2020). Penerapan tanggung jawab sosial perbankan syariah milik negara dengan indeks Islamic social reporting. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 6(3), 488–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v6i3.1342 Fitria, S., & Hartanti, D. (2010). Islam dan tanggung jawab sosial: Studi perbandingan pengungkapan berdasarkan global reporting initiative indeks dan Islamic social reporting indeks. Simposium Nasional Akuntansi Purokerto. Gustani. (2014). Model pelaporan kinerja sosial perbankan syariah: Implementasi Islamic social reporting index di indonesia. Jakis: Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Islam, 2(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.35836/jakis.v2i1.51 Hadi, N. (2011). Corporate social responsibility. Graha Ilmu. Hamidi, L., & Worthington, A. C. (2020). How social is Islamic banking? Society and Business Review, 16(1), 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBR-03-2020-0036 Haniffa, R. (2002). Social reporting disclosure: An Islamic perspective. Indonesian Management & Accounting Research, 1(2), 128–146. Haniffa, R., & Hudaib, M. (2007). Exploring the ethical identity of Islamic banks via communication in annual reports. Journal of Business Ethics, 76(1), 97–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9272-5 Hassan, A., & Harahap, S. S. (2010). Exploring corporate social responsibility disclosure: The case of Islamic banks. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 3(3), 203–227. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538391011072417 Othman, R., Thani, A. M., & Ghani, E. K. (2015). Determinants of Islamic social reporting among top shariah-approved companies in Bursa Malaysia. Research Journal of International Studies, 12(May), 4–20. Potter, W. J., & Levine-Donnerstein, D. (1999). Rethinking validity and reliability in content analysis. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 27, 258–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909889909365539 Pratiwi, A., Nurulrahmatia, N., & Muniarty, P. (2020). Pengaruh corporate social responsibility (CSR) terhadap profitabilitas pada perusahaan. Owner: Riset dan Jurnal Akuntansi, 4(1), 95-103. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v4i1.201 Ramasamy, B., Yeung, M. C. H., & Au, A. K. M. (2010). Consumer support for corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of religion and values. Journal of Business Ethics, 91, 61–72. Https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0568-0 Slamet, M. (2001). Enterprise Theory dalam konstruksi akuntansi syari’ah (Studi teoritis pada konsep akuntansi syari’ah). Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan. Universitas Brawijaya. Triyuwono, I. (2011). Mengangkat “sing liyan“ untuk formulasi nilai tambah syari’ah. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 2(2), 186–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.18202/jamal.2011.08.7116 Triyuwono, Iwan. (2006). Akuntansi syari’ ah: Perspektif, metodologi dan teori. Rajawali Press. Umam, K. (2009). Trend pembentukan bank umum syariah pasca UU no. 21 tahun 2008: konsep, regulasi, dan implementasi (1st ed.). BPFE Yogyakarta. Wartick, S. L., & Cochran, P. L. (1985). The evolution of the corporate social performance model. Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 758–769. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1985.4279099 Worthington, A. C. (2018). Islamic social banking: The way forward. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 52(1), 179-190. Yusuf, M. Y. (2017). Islamic corporate social responsibility (ICSR) pada lembaga keuangan syariah (LKS) teori dan praktik (Pertama). Kencana.
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Pren, Karen A., and Luis Enrique González-Araiza. "Temporary Workers in the United States and Canada: Migrant Flows and Labor Outcomes." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 684, no. 1 (July 2019): 255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716219857700.
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This article analyzes migratory flows and labor outcomes for temporary migrants from Mexico who participate in the H-2A visa program in the United States and the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program in Canada. Using data from the Mexican Migration Project, we analyze the determinants of taking a first trip to each country with temporary work documents, the financial and labor circumstances that migrants experience while working abroad, and the factors that determine the likelihood and amount of money sent home to Mexico as remittances or held onto and brought home to Mexico as savings. We find that temporary agricultural workers migrating to both countries come from rural backgrounds, but those working in the United States earn higher wages and experience shorter workdays than those in Canada. Nevertheless, total annual work hours and earnings are quite similar for both groups of migrants. We observe few differences between the two groups in remittance amounts sent home, but find that temporary workers in the United States return home with more savings than do those working in Canada.
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Hajipoor, Sayareh, Sedigheh Pakseresht, Maryam Niknami, Zahra Atrkar Roshan, and Sima Nikandish. "The Relationship Between Social Support and Postpartum Depression." Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery 31, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jhnm.31.2.1099.
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Introduction: Postpartum depression is a common and severe problem that has adverse effects on maternal and family health. Social support is one of the determinants of health, and in recent years has received increasing attention, and its overlook is a significant risk factor for postpartum depression. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between social support and postpartum depression in women referring to comprehensive health centers in Rasht City, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional, analytical study performed on 300 mothers referred to the comprehensive health service centers in Rasht 2-4 weeks after their deliveries. They were selected by cluster sampling method, which was done systematically within each cluster. The study data were collected using a three-part questionnaire of demographic characteristics, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), and Hopkins social support. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test, Friedman, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation coefficient, and rank logistic regression). Results: The results showed that the mean±SD age of the study mothers was 29±5.3 years. About 63.7% of mothers had low postpartum depression, and their mean±SD total score of social support was 64.03±16.92. The most support received from the spauses and parents. There was a statistically significant relationship between social support received by mothers after childbirth with education level (P=0.003), job (P=0.001), spauses’ job (P=0.001), income (P=0.001), residence status (P=0.043), number of deliveries (P=0.05) and pregnancy desire (P=0.047) and there was a significant inverse correlation between depression score and social support score by spauses (P=0.004, r=-0.167), parents (P=0.002, r=-0.176) and total social support score (P=0.024, r =-0.130). After adjusting for individual social variables, the effect of social support score on the part of the spauses (P=0.001), parents (P=0.006), friends, and relatives (P=0.033) continued to be associated with the severity of depression. Also, the number of deliveries (P=0.05) and h spauses’ jobs (self-employed) were significant compared to the unemployed ones (P=0.049). Conclusion: The results showed a significant and inverse relationship between social support and symptoms of postpartum depression. Although these results show the most support from spauses and parents, the amount of support received in the area of spauses’ parents, friends, and relatives were low. It is necessary to draw the attention of midwives and health care providers to mothers and inform them about the importance of social support and its prominent role in reducing postpartum depression.