Relevant bibliographies by topics / Social desirability / Dissertations / Theses

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social desirability'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Moretti, Thomas James. "The social desirability of fatness /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsm845.pdf.

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2

Börger, Tobias [Verfasser]. "Social Desirability and Environmental Valuation / Tobias Börger." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1042424217/34.

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3

Klar, Samara, Christopher R. Weber, and Yanna Krupnikov. "Social Desirability Bias in the 2016 Presidential Election." WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623290.

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Partisanship is a stable trait but expressions of partisan preferences can vary according to social context. When particular preferences become socially undesirable, some individuals refrain from expressing them in public, even in relatively anonymous settings such as surveys and polls. In this study, we rely on the psychological trait of self-monitoring to show that Americans who are more likely to adjust their behaviors to comply with social norms (i.e. high self-monitors) were less likely to express support for Donald Trump during the 2016 Presidential Election. In turn, as self-monitoring decreases, we find that the tendency to express support for Trump increases. This study suggests that - at least for some individuals - there may have been a tendency in 2016 to repress expressed support for Donald Trump in order to mask socially undesirable attitudes.
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4

Fox, Trevor Jonathan. "Questioning the social desirability of product liability claims." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18742.

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This thesis seeks to answer the primary question as to whether Product Liability Claims are socially desirable by reference to three Product Liability case studies and a survey of 132 archived Product Liability claims. These constitute a representative random sample of Product Liability cases handled by the Author’s Legal Practice. This practice has provided a window through which serious failings are identified in (i) the strict liability based Product Liability Directive; (ii) tort itself as a mechanism for compensating injured persons; and (iii) the procedural infrastructure in which claims are made, as recently reformed in accordance with Lord Justice Jackson’s recommendations. This thesis tests Product Liability claims against the objectives of tort: deterrence; corrective justice; retribution and vindication; distributive justice and compensation. It is found that Product Liability claims fail to meet the defined standard of social desirability. There is nothing special about products to necessitate or justify a bespoke system of liability. Product Liability claims for damages represent in microcosm the broader picture of personal injury claims as a whole. This thesis highlights the failings of a system which relies heavily on gambling upon outcomes; perpetuates a ‘have a go’ culture; rewards the lucky few; builds in an unacceptable element of moral hazard and tolerates and generates the costs of a high volume of claims which serve no practical or legal purpose. It is concluded that 1. The Product Liability Directive was introduced as an emotive response to the Thalidomide tragedy but it would fail to provide a remedy in a similar disaster. Instead it treats sufferers of minor mishaps as victims and contributes to a litigation industry that inculcates in society a false and unnecessary sense of entitlement. 2. The Product Liability Directive should be repealed as a flawed and misconceived piece of legislation that fails to achieve its key goal of protecting consumers and harmonising the law. 3. Support is found in this practical research for much of what Atiyah advocated in his seminal work The Damages Lottery. The possibility of an all-embracing no-fault liability system should be reconsidered subject to strict controls, including thresholds, to ensure that it compensates and rehabilitates only those with genuine needs. 4. A first party insurance market would have to develop to fill the gaps.
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5

Coffey, Scott F. (Scott Franklin). "Anger and Hostility Measures: Effects of Social Desirability." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500495/.

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Individuals responding in a socially desirable (SD) fashion, rather than in a manner that reflects their true behavior, has been a problem for self-report questionnaires since their inception. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the probability an item is endorsed on a self-report measure of anger is directly proportional to the rated SD of that item. Eighty-two subjects completed the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI), the Profile of Moods State (POMS), and the State- Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). A probability of endorsement was computed for each of the measures' items. Twenty additional subjects rated the measures' items for SD. Each item's SD rating was paired with the probability the item was endorsed to produce a correlation coefficient for each measure. Results strongly support the stated hypothesis. Directions for future research are discussed.
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6

Lee, Zoe Sie Hui. "The operation of the social desirability bias in a nonprofit context : a study of social desirability bias in the UK general charities." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444507.

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Giving behaviour is often studied through self-reports and questionnaires. Despite their obvious advantages, questionnaires are vulnerable to socially desirable responding leading to over-reporting of socially desirable items and vice versa. Yet, this phenomenon has received little to no attention from nonprofit researchers. To address this shortfall, the thesis first explores donors' motivation to give socially desirable responses by developing a conceptual model based on a multi-disciplinary review of social desirability bias and giving behaviour literature. A much better understanding of socially desirable responding via this' conceptual model will help to operationalise social desirability bias concept in the nonprofit context. This study has also identified several social desirability scales that have been used in the past to measure the same response bias. However, further review shows that these scales should be improved psychometrically if they are to be applied in a specific context, as addressed in this study. The author conducted a series of three research stages. The conceptual model was explored and tested using both qualitative and quantitative research approaches, mainly in-depth interviews with seven experts as well as postal surveys with 3000 donors from two established animal welfare charities in the UK. This resulted in an improved social desirability scale comprising of 26 scale items. In this study, the effects of socially desirable responding on self-reports of giving behaviour were modelled by matching the self-reported against the actual amount of donations recorded in the charity's database. Structural equation models were presented, linking the proposed eight antecedents of social desirability bias to the discrepancies in the amount of donations. The findings revealed social desirability bias to be a complex multidimensional phenomenon and showed that 'positive self deception' to be a key motive for donors to give socially desirable responses in the realm of postal questionnaires. The study concluded that although the effects of socially desirable responding are relatively small in the realm of postal questionnaire, it remains a mystery whether donors' memory failure may play a bigger role in the discrepancies in the amount of donations reported. Implications of these findings on the development of social desirability bias construct are also explored.
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7

Schnure, Katherine Anne. "Response distortion and social desirability in high-level executives." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31787.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: James, Lawrence; Committee Member: Parsons, Charles; Committee Member: Roberts, James. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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8

Phillips, Tommy. "Measurement and Control of Social Desirability Bias in Survey Research." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2020/schedule/27.

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Social desirability refers to the need for social approval or acceptance (Toh, Lee, & Hu, 2006). This need results in the oft-observed human tendency to present oneself in the best possible light (Fisher, 1993), a tendency that may entail research participants giving or selecting the responses that they perceive to be most socially acceptable when completing self-report questionnaires. Whether the product of self-deception or deliberate impression management (Toh et al., 2006), the failure of participants to respond truthfully or accurately when completing self-reports can distort research results (Fisher, 1993; Schriesheim, 1979; Toh et al., 2006) and cast doubt on the validity of findings. This workshop will familiarize attendees with information on the causes of social desirability bias and simple techniques to assess and control social desirability bias in survey research.
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9

Wright, Scott A. "Using Construal level Theory to Deter the Social Desirability Bias." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1336413019.

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10

Bensch, Doreen. "The Nomological Network of Social Desirability and Faking: A Reappraisal." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19483.

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Die Themen soziale Erwünschtheit und Faking sind für Psychologen verbunden mit Kontrollinstrumenten, die eingesetzt werden müssen, um Antwortverzerrungen zu vermeiden. Lange Zeit wurde erforscht, ob sozial erwünschtes Verhalten beziehungsweise Faking Konsequenzen hat. Es gibt einzelne Studien, die die Eigenschaft der Konstrukte untersuchen und daran knüpft die vorliegende Arbeit an. Es existieren in den Studien zur sozialen Erwünschtheit und Faking zwei typische Situationen. In Forschungsstudien werden eher unbewusste Prozesse der Antwortverzerrungen untersucht. Studien aus der Praxis beschäftigen sich vor allem mit bewusster Verfälschung. Die erste Studie wurde online durchgeführt, in der Probanden eine Vielzahl von Fragebögen zu den Themen soziale Erwünschtheit, Overclaiming, Overconfidence und Persönlichkeit ausfüllten, um den gemeinsamen Kern eines nomologischen Netzwerkes zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass kein gemeinsamer Kern der Fragebögen gefunden werden konnte. Overclaiming scheint ein eigenes nomologisches Netzwerk zu bilden. Overconfidence kann eher als Fähigkeit der Metakognition als eine Antwortverzerrung bezeichnet. In der zweiten Studie wurde mit einem Model (Ziegler et al., 2015) eine latente Fakingvariable modelliert und anschließend der Zusammenhang zu Skalen der sozialen Erwünschtheit, Overclaiming und den Dark Triad untersucht. Dabei wurden Daten einer Experimentalstichprobe und einer Kontrollgruppe zu zwei Messzeitpunkten erhoben. Die Experimentalstichprobe füllte online zum ersten Messzeitpunkt mehrere Skalen aus. Zum zweiten Messzeitpunkt beantworteten die Probanden im Labor den Persönlichkeitsfragebogen erneut, unter einer zufällig zugeordneten Fakinginstruktion. Die Analyse der Daten ergab bedeutsame Zusammenhänge zwischen der latenten Fakingvariablen und Machiavellismus und einem Faktor zur sozialen Erwünschtheit. Außerdem wurde deutlich, dass der psychologische Prozess für die zwei Faking Situationen unterschiedlich ist.
The issues of social desirability and faking are for many psychologists associated with control instruments to avoid response distortion. For a long time, research questions tended to examine the consequences of faking. There are only a few studies which explored the nature of social desirability or faking, and that is where the current dissertation makes a contribution. In most studies of social desirability or faking, the investigation of response distortion in two different situations is described. On the one hand, unintentional distortion is often explored in research. On the other hand, intentional distortion is examined in the practical field. The first study was an online survey in which the sample completed a large number of questionnaires regarding social desirability, overclaiming, overconfidence, and personality to investigate the common core of a shared nomological network. The results suggest there is no common core among response distortion forms. Overclaiming seems to have its own nomological network. Overconfidence is regarded more as a metacognitive ability rather than a response distortion form. In the second study, by dint of a modeling technique (Ziegler, Maaß, Griffith, & Gammon, 2015), a latent faking variable could be modeled. Subsequently, the relationship between the faking variable and social desirability, overclaiming, and the dark triad was examined. The data of an experimental group and a control group were collected with two measurement occasions. The experimental group was first asked in an online survey to fill out questionnaires. Later the participants came to the laboratory and were randomly assigned to a special instruction group. The results show that Machiavellianism and one factor of socially desirable responding have significant regression weights for both faking conditions. Furthermore, Study 2 implies different psychological processes of faking good and faking bad.
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11

Adelsberg, Mark. "Public approval and mortality." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3618.

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12

Anguiano, Carrasco Cristina. "Psychometric methods for controlling social desirability response bias in aggression questionnaires." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/101522.

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Faking is understood as a respondent’s active effort to distort his/her answers to create a positive image. Although the extensive existing literature, several questions are still unsolved. On one hand, virtually no attention has been paid to an issue considered by many authors as relevant, as is the impact of individual differences on faking. On the other hand, little has been done to examine the how highly undesirable personality measures, in our society, are impacted by faking. The present work aims to shed some light to these questions. On the one hand, an indirect aggression questionnaire has been adapted. New psychometric procedures to assess the moment increments due to faking at trait level, for the group and individual levels were developed. The procedure also allows assessing the impact of individual differences on those increments. Finally, the General Factor-Analytic Procedure was tested to contrast if controlling for social desirability on personality scores will efficiently control for faking. In addition, the impact of individual differences was assessed on the three main aggression traits: physical, verbal and indirect.
Se entiende por falseamiento el esfuerzo activo del que responde al cuestionario para distorsionar sus respuestas creando así imagen más favorable de sí mismo. A pesar de la amplia literatura existente, muchas cuestiones quedan aún sin resolver. Por un lado, prácticamente no se ha prestado atención a un aspecto señalado por varios autores como relevante, como es el efecto que las diferencias individuales tienen en el falseamiento. Por otro lado, poco se ha hecho para examinar como el falseamiento afecta a medidas de personalidad altamente indeseables en nuestra sociedad. El presente trabajo pretende arrojar algo de luz sobre estas cuestiones. Por un lado, se ha adaptado un cuestionario de agresividad indirecta. También se han desarrollado nuevos procesos psicométricos que permiten calcular los incrementos momentáneos a nivel de rasgo debidos al falseamiento, tanto para el grupo como para el individuo y también permiten calcular el impacto que las diferencias individuales tienen en estos incrementos. Finalmente se ha contrastado si el procedimiento analítico factorial general (General Factor-AnalyticProcedure), que controla el impacto de la deseabilidad sociales sobre las puntuaciones de personalidad, es eficazpara controlar falseamiento. Además, se ha medido el impacto de las diferencias individuales en los tres principales rasgos de agresividad: física, verbal e indirecta.
S’entén per falsejament el esforç actiu de qui respon a un qüestionari per a distorsionar les respostes creant així una imatge més favorable de si mateix. Malgrat l’amplia literatura existent, moltes qüestions queden encara per resoldre. Per una banda pràcticament no s’ha parat atenció a un aspecteassenyalat per varis autors com a rellevant, com es l’efecte que les diferències individuals tenen en el falsejament. Per altra banda, poc s’ha fet per examinar com el falsejament afecta a mesures de personalitat altament indesitjables en la nostra societat. El present treball pretén donar una mica de llum a aquestes qüestions. Per una banda, s’ha adaptat un qüestionari d’agressivitat indirecta. També s’han desenvolupat nous procediment psicomètrics que permeten calcular els increments momentanis a nivell de tret deguts al falsejament, tant per al grup com per al individu i també permeten calcular l’impacte que les diferencies individualstenen en aquests increments. Finalment s’ha contrastat si el procediment analític factorial general (General Factor-AnalyticProcedure), que controla l’impacte de la desitjabilitat social sobre les puntuacions de personalitat, es eficaç per a controlar falsejament. A més a més, s’ha mesurat l’impacte de les diferències individuals en els tres principals trets d’agressivitat: física, verbal i indirecta.
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13

Havercamp, Susan M. "The Reiss profile of motivation sensitivity : reliability, validity, and social desirability /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487951595502155.

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14

Schuetzler, Ryan M. "Dynamic Interviewing Agents: Effects on Deception, Nonverbal Behavior, and Social Desirability." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556441.

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Virtual humans and other virtual agents are becoming more common in our everyday lives. Whether in the form of phone-based personal assistants or automated customer service systems, these technologies have begun to touch more of our activities. This research aims to understand how this technology affects the way we interact with our computer systems. Using a chat bot, I studied the way a conversational computer system affects the way people interact with and perceive automated interviewing systems in two different contexts. Study 1 examines the impact of a conversational agent on behavior during deception. It found that a conversational agent can have a powerful impact on people's perception of the system, resulting in individuals viewing the system as much more engaging and human. The conversational agent further results in a suppression of deception-related cues consistent with a more human-like interaction. Study 2 focuses on the effect of a conversational agent on socially desirable responding. Results of this study indicate that a conversational agent increases social desirability when the topic of the interview is sensitive, but has no effect when the questions are non-sensitive. The results of these two studies indicate that a conversational agent can change the way people interact with a computer system in substantial and meaningful ways. These studies represent a step toward understanding how conversational agents can shape the way we view and interact with computers.
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15

Linkletter, Sarah. "The Effects of Social Desirability on Situational Judgment Tests in Organizational Selection." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36441.

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Organizational contexts use Situational judgment tests (SJTs) to assess and select individuals for competitive positions. As with other standardized assessments, threats to validity must be identified, examined, and communicated. As such, this research aims to identify the effects of socially desirable responding on the validity of an SJT used in a competitive selection process, and to identify if response latency provides insight into the identification of socially desirable responding. Participants in a competitive organizational selection process were administered an online assessment and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR). No significant correlations were identified between social desirability and the online assessment; however, this research provides evidence to suggest that participants who had shorter response latencies were less likely to participate in social desirability responding.
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16

Karlsson, Christina. "Påverkan av social desirability vid självskattning av könstereotypa egenskaper för män och kvinnor." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-470.

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Studiens syfte var att undersöka om det sker en social desirability effekt vid självskatting av egenskaper som beskriver manliga och kvinnliga stereotyper när dessa egenskaper framhävs positivt. Studien ämnade ytterligare undersöka om män och kvinnor skiljer sig åt i social desirability. Ett experiment utfördes där försökspersonerna slumpvis fördelades över en kontrollbetingelse och två experimentbetingelser. Den ena experimentbetingelsen tilldelades en kvinnlig manipulation där kvinnliga stereotyper framhävdes positivt medan den andra experimentbetingelsen tilldelades en manlig manipulation där manliga stereotyper framhävdes positivt. Kontrollbetingelsen tilldelades ingen manipulation. Därefter fick försökspersonerna skatta sig själva på påståenden i en enkät som beskrev de könstereotyperna som angivits i de båda manipulationerna. Ingen social desirability effekt uppvisades i resultatet.

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17

Williams, Margot Maryanne. "The Effects of Defensiveness and Social Desirability on the Reporting of Personality Traits." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984166/.

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Psychological assessment relies on accurate and forthright reporting to determine valid clinical presentations. However, it has long been recognized that examinees may be motivated to present a "better picture" through Positive Impression Management (PIM). Within the PIM domain, two distinct motivations (i.e., defensiveness and social desirability) emerge that have not been clearly differentiated in empirical literature. This thesis addressed the research gap for detecting PIM distortion of personality pathology, utilizing the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). In this investigation, 106 psychiatric inpatients were recruited from the adult Co-Occurring Disorders and Trauma Programs at University Behavioral Health. Using a mixed within- and between-subjects design, participants engaged in simulation via scenarios to be considered for a highly valued rehabilitation program (defensiveness) or employment (social desirability). As expected, inpatients showed elevated levels of problematic personality traits when reporting genuinely, but suppressed them under PIM conditions. These findings highlight that the PID-5, like all multiscale inventories, is highly vulnerable to intentional PIM distortion. Interestingly, respondents in the social desirability condition generally engaged in more total denial than those in the defensiveness condition. Empirically- and theoretically-based validity scales were developed to identify simulators and differentiate between conditions. Besides PIM, higher levels of experienced stigma were associated with more personality pathology, particularly the domain of Detachment. In addition, ancillary analyses showed strong convergence of the PID-5 with its hierarchical trait model to the DSM-IV categorical model. Continued research to detect PIM distortion, and more importantly to differentiate between PIM motivations, is essential for accurate clinical assessment of personality disorder traits and effective treatment planning.
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18

Andre, Alex Nicholas. "Does Disassociation from the Majority Religious Affiliation Affect Community Desirability?" BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8465.

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How do predominantly religious rural communities influence members who are not associated with the dominant religion? Does disassociation with the majority religious affiliation impact community desirability? Current community literature has shown that religious affiliation identification can influence community sentiment (Jennings and Krannich 2013; Kan and Kim 1981; Stinner, Van Loon, Chung, and Byun 1990; Mattarita-Cascante, Stedman, and Luloff 2010) while other studies suggest the possibility of either mixed or inconclusive results (Adams 1992; Andrews 2011; Flagg and Painter II 2019; Reitz, Banerjee, Phan, and Thompson 2009). Using data from the Rural Utah Community Study in 2017, the current study will examine the association between religious affiliation and community desirability in a unique setting. I find that even when accounting for length of residence, age, and the perception of local services, religious affiliation continues to be associated with community desirability. These findings have potential implications for other communities with a majority religion.
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Koepke, Lena, and Julia Katharina Marten. "The Relationship Between Honesty-Humility And Social Desirability: High-Stake Versus Low-Stake Situations." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74868.

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Faking in applications was found to be an important issue in which social desirability plays a relevant role. The present study brings Social Desirability Responding, Honesty-Humility, and different stakes of situations into relation. Social Desirability Responding, i.e. Communion Management and Self-Deceptive Enhancement, operationalized by the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) and Honesty-Humility (HEXACO-60) are analysed regarding their relationships and differences in and between high-stake, low-stake, and high-stake-low-framed situations. Relationships between Honesty-Humility and Communion Management were significantly positive, while no relationship between Honesty-Humility and Self-Deceptive Enhancement was found. There were also no significant differences in the constructs across situations. It was further investigated whether individuals scoring low in Honesty-Humility show different responding behaviour dependent on situational frames compared to individuals scoring high in Honesty-Humility. No significant differences were found. Results imply that Social Desirable Responding scales do not measure what they intent to, hence further research is needed. The tested high-stake-low-framed situational instruction did not significantly reduce faking. However, exploring the option of framing application situations is recommended for organizations. Further, the problematic nature of measuring Social Desirability Responding is considered.
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Wall, Magnus, and Patrik Sundgren. "Övervakningens effekt på individen : Kopplingen till fenomenet social önskvärdhet." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-698.

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Att göra det som förväntas av en, att inte sticka ut, leder i samband med en tilltagande övervakning till en ökad konformitet. En av anledningarna till detta skall vara individens drift att passa in, att vara socialt önskvärd. Detta var ett grundantagande inför den experimentella hypotesprövning som ligger till grund för aktuell studie. Även liknande studier i ämnet har bekräftat detta antagande vilket framgått av litteraturgenomgången inför studien. Urvalet var ett tillgänglighetsurval bestående av högskolestudenter i olika åldrar och av olika kön. Uppnådda resultat var inte de förväntade vilket i sig är intressant och torde kunna leda in den framtida forskningen på nya fält.

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21

Cinoman, Andrew H. "Social status in young children : age and sex differences in self-concept, problem-solving, social desirability, and cognitive tempo /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487841548271425.

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22

Tristan, Esteban. "Measuring Applicant Faking with Job Desirability: Prevalence, Selection, and Measurement Issues in an Applied Sample." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1237522622.

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23

小塩, 真司, and Atsushi Oshio. "自己愛傾向に関する基礎的研究 : 自尊感情,社会的望ましさとの関連." 名古屋大学教育学部, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2871.

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Chatterjee, Marian M. "Ethnicity and personality : variations in personality as a function of cultural differences in social desirability /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9163.

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25

Harris, Lisa. "An examination of social desirability confounds in a new ipsative measure of Murray's Psychogenic Needs." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1720.

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A reliable and valid instrument for the direct measurement of the relative strength of psychological needs is currently lacking. In response to this shortcoming, a new ipsative instrument, the Psychogenic Need Scale (PNS), is currently being developed; this is a 190-item forced-choice self-report measure that is based upon Murray’s psychogenic needs. For the development of a valid forced-choice instrument, it is critical to minimise the confounding effects of social desirability (the tendency for respondents to describe oneself in the most favourable light). Whilst other measures typically use specifically designed scales to detect social desirability confounds, this approach is unsuitable for forced-choice measures that require respondents to choose between paired statements. Instead, a preferable approach is to reduce or, ideally, eliminate social desirability confounds by ensuring that the two alternative statements in each item pair are equally desirable. However, because the PNS is in the preliminary stages of development, the statements’ relative social desirability levels had not yet been systematically investigated. Thus, it was not known whether or not the statements were equally desirable. Accordingly, I attempted this stage of the test's construction. Two main objectives were addressed. The first was to examine the test statements in order to determine whether or not they shared sufficiently equal levels of social desirability. The second was to equalise any differences (should they be detected) by rewording problematic statements to either reduce or increase their social desirability as needed. Upon initial investigation (Phase One of Study One), it was confirmed that there were differences among the statements. Thus, several attempts were made to equalise the relative social desirability levels. After a series of four studies, whereby statements with markedly high or low levels were repeatedly reworded and reexamined, some of the differences were effectively reduced. However, despite these reductions, the overall results demonstrate that problematic differences still exist. It was concluded that some statements in the PNS are likely to be inherently confounded with high or low social desirability and, thus, cannot be sufficiently adjusted without disrupting the validity of the constructs that they are supposed to measure. On that basis, it is likely that a valid forced-choice measure of Murray’s psychogenic needs is not achievable.
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von, Zagorski Zagorski Emma. "Gender and Modification of Self-Traits in Online Dating: The Impact of Anonymity, Social Desirability, and Self-Monitoring." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1088.

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Modification of self-traits is defined as a user's modification of his or her physical self-description between real life and online dating profiles. Personality traits may impact this modification in online dating. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of gender and modification of self-traits on measures of anonymity, social desirability, and self-monitoring to identify factors that contributed to deception in online dating. The theoretical framework used in this study was Paulhus' social desirability model to explain changes in social interactions with the inclusion of anonymity and the desire to be perceived in a favorable light. The research questions concerned the differences in anonymity, social desirability, and self-monitoring between men and women, and the differences in anonymity, social desirability, and self-monitoring between high- and low-level modified self-traits. Archival data of 80 participants were obtained from a 2008 study conducted by Toma, Hancock, and Ellison. A factorial MANOVA was employed to determine the significance of gender and level of modified self-traits on anonymity, social desirability, and self-monitoring. Nonsignificance was found in anonymity, social desirability, and self-monitoring between gender and high- and low-level modified self-traits. Educators could benefit from the result of this study by informing new online daters of the existing digital landscape to include risky and questionable online dating conditions and predators. Likewise, law enforcement officers could benefit from this study by identifying and pursuing deceptive online daters who commit criminal acts or civil crimes against other online daters.
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Smith, Heather. "THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG WELLNESS, SEVERITY OF DISTURBANCE, AND SOCIAL DESIRABILITY OF ENTERING MASTER'S-LEVEL COUNSELING STUDENTS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3828.

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A wellness paradigm may hold promise for unifying and strengthening the identity of the counseling profession. The construct of wellness may also hold implications for assessment of entering master's-level counseling students, as a tool for continuous evaluation of students, or for overall program evaluation. In this study, the only counseling-based wellness assessment measure, the Five Factor Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle, was tested for its relationship to two other constructs: psychological disturbance and social desirability. In order to test the research hypotheses, a total of nine programs (in five states) and 204 entering master's-level counseling students completed instrumentation packets comprised of the Five-Factor Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle, the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, and the Outcome Questionnaire – 45.2. The results of the analyses indicated statically significant relationships in 52 out of 55 correlations between the instruments' total scores and subscale scores. The first null hypothesis was rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis; there was a statistically significant negative relationship between level of psychological disturbance and level of wellness. The results of the study failed to reject null hypothesis two; the relationship between wellness and social desirability was found to have no statistical significance after removing the influence of psychological disturbance. Null hypothesis three was rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis; there was a statistically significant negative relationship between level of psychological disturbance and social desirability. Number and percent of participants exceeding psychological disturbance cutoff scores was examined. Measures of central tendency and the effects of demographic variables for each of the instruments were presented. Exploratory data analysis revealed that the first-order wellness factor, second-order wellness factors, and social desirability mean scores of those scoring above the cutoff for Severity of Disturbance, difficulty in Interpersonal Relations, Symptom Distress, and Difficulty in Social Roles were lower than those scoring below each cutoff score. Results of the study were summarized, factors to consider in the interpretation of the results were discussed, and implications for counselor education and future research were provided.
Ph.D.
Department of Child, Family and Community Sciences
Education
Counselor Education
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Bryggare, Anne, Emma Ekstrand, and Camilla Strömberg. "Campus – en dimmig verklighet : -." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-777.

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Alcohol consumption and student life have been connected through many years. Many people establish their drinking habits during their years as a student and drinking habits among students are therefore an extremely important topic. The aim of this study was to examine the drinking habits of students at Växjö University. The study included 98 respondents who answered a survey concerning sex, age, living status, social relations, social desirability and drinking habits. The result indicated that male students consumed more alcohol than female students. There was also a strong connection between living status and alcohol consumption, with the students who lived on Campus consuming more alcohol than those living off Campus. Overall the result of the study was supported by previous research.

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von, Zagorski Emma. "Gender and Modification of Self-Traits in Online Dating| The Impact of Anonymity, Social Desirability, and Self-Monitoring." Thesis, Walden University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3599932.

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Modification of self-traits is defined as a user's modification of his or her physical self-description between real life and online dating profiles. Personality traits may impact this modification in online dating. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of gender and modification of self-traits on measures of anonymity, social desirability, and self-monitoring to identify factors that contributed to deception in online dating. The theoretical framework used in this study was Paulhus' social desirability model to explain changes in social interactions with the inclusion of anonymity and the desire to be perceived in a favorable light. The research questions concerned the differences in anonymity, social desirability, and self-monitoring between men and women, and the differences in anonymity, social desirability, and self-monitoring between high- and low-level modified self-traits. Archival data of 80 participants were obtained from a 2008 study conducted by Toma, Hancock, and Ellison. A factorial MANOVA was employed to determine the significance of gender and level of modified self-traits on anonymity, social desirability, and self-monitoring. Nonsignificance was found in anonymity, social desirability, and self-monitoring between gender and high- and low-level modified self-traits. Educators could benefit from the result of this study by informing new online daters of the existing digital landscape to include risky and questionable online dating conditions and predators. Likewise, law enforcement officers could benefit from this study by identifying and pursuing deceptive online daters who commit criminal acts or civil crimes against other online daters.

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30

Kim, Junghyun. "Conformity and dissent in computer-mediated group decision-making integrating individual differences in social identity research /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Telecommunications, Information Studies and Media, 2006.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-68). Also issued in print.
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Gosen, Stefanie [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner. "Social desirability in survey research: Can the list experiment provide the truth? / Stefanie Gosen. Betreuer: Ulrich Wagner." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1051935148/34.

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GAIA, ALESSANDRA. "Social desirability in reporting paying for sex and risky behaviours: comparing two techniques for handling missing data." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/95788.

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Sexual behaviour and personal expenses are among the most sensitive topics in surveys. Thus, sample members asked about paying for sex might misreport or refuse to answer such questions. However, surveys about sexual behaviour have been increasingly common in the last decades for the study of Sexually Transmissible Infections and for policy evaluation. The level of social desirability associated to paying for sex may be influenced by prostitution policies, through attitudes. In this work, I discuss the legislation models regulating sex work in the United Kingdom, showing a shift of policies focus from sex workers to clients and a consequent stigmatization of men who pay for sex. The shift of UK policies towards the reduction of the demand for sexual services had the explicit aim to “challenge attitudes” toward paying for sex. I review the evidence from the literature on the effect of prostitution policies on attitudes toward sex work and I discuss how attitudes may influence reporting paying for sex. The sensitive nature of questions on paying for sex may influence not only the measurement but also the sampling strategy adopted by social researchers to investigate the phenomenon. I discuss different sampling techniques adopted in the literature on sex workers’ clients in relation to the substantive findings derived by these studies. The sociology, economic and epidemiological literature have studied sex workers’ clients linking the concept of risky behaviours with paying for sex: however, both concepts are subject to social desirability. I hypothesize these two sets of behaviours to be characterized by high item missing data, and that missing data is not missing completely at random (MCAR). Also, I hypothesize that the statistically significant correlation of paying for sex and risky behaviours may not hold under different missing data handling techniques. In order to test these hypothesis, I use data from the National Survey for Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-2). This is a nationally representative sample of over 12.000 adults (aged 16-44) living in Britain in 2000. I confirm that paying for sex and risky behaviours have higher missing data then other non sensitive socio-demographic items (excluding partners’ characteristics). Also, item missing data are not MCAR, neither in terms of socio-demographic characteristics nor in terms of paradata on respondents’ embarrassment, commitment and privacy of the interview setting. Moreover, the propensity to produce valid answers does not vary widely across the behaviours considered. I reject the hypothesis that multiply imputed values have higher prevalence of paying for sex and risky behaviours; finally, the correlation of paying for sex and risky behaviours is not significantly different under the two missing data handling techniques considered (listwise deletion and Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations). The finding that paradata are associated with item non response in paying for sex and risky behaviours is particularly promising. As these factors can be informative of the non response process, the inclusion of such items in data collections on sensitive topic is considered advisable, when possible under budget constraints. The evidence that, in this analysis, the estimate of the correlation of paying for sex and risky behaviours do not change under different missing data handling techniques is encouraging as it does not undermine other evidence from the literature. To assess the external validity of this finding, further research may evaluate whether estimates of the correlation of paying for sex and risky behaviour differ by missing data handling technique in different contexts, and/or under different subsample specifications. Overall, I believe this work makes an important contribution not only on the measurement and analysis of paying for sex, but also on the analysis of the correlation of different sensitive behaviours.
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Lönnberg, Sofia, and Ahlberg Jenny Allansson. "Kvinnors attityder till miljömedvetenhet påverkas av ålder och vilja att passa in." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-15003.

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Miljömedvetenhet är ett aktuellt ämne och samhällets normer går i en miljömedveten riktning. Eftersom tidigare forskning visat att kvinnor är mer miljömedvetna än män samt att kvinnor har en högre vilja att passa in i samhällets normer, har endast kvinnor deltagit i denna undersökning. Syftet är att utifrån en enkätundersökning ta reda på om det finns ett samband mellan kvinnors attityder till miljömedvetenhet och ålder samt strävan efter social normativitet. I undersökningen deltog 96 kvinnor och resultatet visade att ju äldre kvinnor är desto mer miljömedvetna är de samt att ju högre grad av miljömedvetenhet en kvinna har desto högre strävan efter social normativitet har hon. Resultatet visade även att är en kvinna äldre så är hon mer miljömedveten och därmed också har en högre strävan efter social normativitet. Utifrån resultatet diskuteras hur man kan arbeta med att öka förståelse för hur samhället kan få medborgarna att agera mer miljömedvetet.
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Kao, Erika Ming-Chu. "Acculturation, family expressiveness, and social desirability : factors affecting response styles : a comparison of Asian Americans and European Americans /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488202171195051.

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Pedregón, Cynthia Anita. "The correlation between the social desirability and endorsement rate of test items on the SNAP and NEO-FFI." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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36

Egan, Patrick. "The perception of the desirability of instituting peer Critical Incidence Stress Debriefing within a local Municipal Fire and Rescue Service." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7836.

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Bibliography: leaves 75-84.
This study explores the perceived desirability within a sample of fire fighters of introducing a peer Critical Incidence Stress Debriefing (CISO) support structure within the Fire and Rescue Services of Blaauwberg Municipality. The research took the form of a descriptive inquiry by means of a semi-structured interview using a questionnaire developed by the writer. The research findings indicated that generally support was given to the notion of peer CISD structures, subject to some concerns that would need to be addressed through effective training and planning. From the finding it can be identified that peer support is desirable, and provided a CISD system is structured in a careful, nonthreatening manner, wiHlead to development on both a micro and macro level.
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Callaway, Robert John. "Confirmatory factor analyses of two social desirability scales and the investigation of their contribution to measures of well-being." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10417.

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The relations between social desirability bias and happiness and depression were experimentally investigated to determine if the stated goals of Positive Psychology may be compromised by social desirability contamination of subjective well-being measures. In addition, the factor structures of two widely used social desirability measures were assessed. Participants included 201 undergraduate university students enrolled in psychology classes at the University of British Columbia, Okanagan. Participants rated their happiness with the Faces Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire-Short Form (OHQ-SF), and Satisfaction With Life Scale, and rated their depression with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. Social desirability was assessed with the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding-Version 6 (BIDR-6). The experimental manipulation consisted of two levels of privacy instructions (confidentiality vs. anonymity) and three levels of emotionally focussed instructions (happy, sad, neutral), intended to influence scores on the happiness, depression, and social desirability measures. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) revealed that neither of the social desirability scales conformed to their proposed one- and two-factor structures, respectively. Multiple regression analyses revealed that although the social desirability measures accounted for between 5-11% of the variance in the happiness and depression measures, only the BIDR-6 contributed significant unique variance, and then only to the OHQ-SF. The results from the multivariate analysis of variance showed that the experimental manipulation had no effect on respondents’ scores. The results suggest that social desirability bias plays only a minimal role in measures of happiness and depression, paralleling previous research. Thus, the goals of Positive Psychology appear not to be compromised. However, the results from the CFAs strongly suggest that this conclusion should be viewed with caution; the construct of social desirability is in need of further elucidation and the factor structures of the two most widely used measures of social desirability are in need of further confirmation. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Bensch, Doreen [Verfasser], Matthias [Gutachter] Ziegler, Jochen [Gutachter] Musch, and Ronald [Gutachter] Holden. "The Nomological Network of Social Desirability and Faking: A Reappraisal / Doreen Bensch ; Gutachter: Matthias Ziegler, Jochen Musch, Ronald Holden." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1185497544/34.

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Jackson, Thomas. "Guess who’s looking : the effects of anticipated audience on self-presentation behaviour." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66042.

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Self-evaluations are typically performed in the workplace in order to apportion rewards, judge suitability for promotions and to assign people to appropriate roles. However, people adapt their representations of the self to their circumstances so much so that self-evaluations, as a true reflection of a person’s performance or character, are often of little worth. Assuming honest and sincere rather than manipulated feedback in the workplace is better for achieving business objectives, this research describes hypothesised key drivers of self-presentation behaviour and contributes towards improving the design of self-evaluation instruments. A theoretical model of self-presentation behaviour was constructed, drawing on theory of social desirability bias, impression management and accountability, that proposes anticipation of two distinct characteristics of an audience, power to reward and knowledge of the dimensions being assessed, cause the self-presenting individual to adapt their representations of themselves in specific and predictable ways. A quasi-experiment was performed, using a sample of 278 MBA students allocated to four groups, on the effects of audience anticipation on self-reporting on the dimensions of performance and personality. Statistical pair-wise comparisons of means in experimental groups and principal components analysis verified the theoretical model.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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40

Grimault, Valérie. "La dichotomie entre les jugements d’utilité et de désirabilité relative aux normes sociales." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100133/document.

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La littérature enseigne que certaines normes sont ancrées dans l’utilité, d’autres dans la désirabilité. Pour les normes enracinées dans l’utilité, de nombreuses recherches expérimentales ont étudié la valorisation qu’engendre leur conformité et quelques recherches ont montré une absence de dévalorisation en cas de non-conformité. En revanche, pour les normes ancrées dans la désirabilité, les chercheurs se sont principalement intéressés à la dévalorisation induite par leur non-conformité. Nous faisons l’hypothèse principale que la conformité aux normes ancrées dans l’utilité amènerait essentiellement à se faire valoriser socialement, tandis que celles enracinées dans la désirabilité permettraient surtout de ne pas se faire dévaloriser socialement. Pour les normes ancrées dans l’utilité, nous avons choisi d’étudier les normes d’internalité et d’autosuffisance, connues pour leur ancrage dans l’utilité, ainsi que les comportements consciencieux, dont nos résultats semblent montrer qu’ils constitueraient une norme sociale ancrée dans l’utilité. Sept recherches empiriques ont montré que ces normes, liées à l’utilité, ont plus à voir avec la valorisation que la dévalorisation. Pour les normes enracinées dans la désirabilité, nous avons sélectionné les normes comportementales de politesse et de respect de l’environnement. Quatre autres études expérimentales corroborent que ces normes, liées à la désirabilité, ont plus à voir avec la dévalorisation que la valorisation. Notre hypothèse principale a donc bien été vérifiée
Literature teaches us that certain norms are anchored in utility, others in desirability. For norms rooted in utility, many experimental studies have examined the valuation engendered by their compliance and some research has shown a lack of depreciation in case of non- compliance. In contrast, for norms rooted in desirability, researchers are primarily interested in the devaluation caused by their non-compliance. We make the main hypothesis that compliance with the norms embedded in utility leads us to be essentially socially valued, while those norms embedded in desirability would certainly allow us not to be socially devalued. For norms anchored in utility, we chose to study the norms of internality and self-sufficiency, known for their anchorage in utility, as well as conscientious behaviors which as our results suggest, constitute a social norm anchored in utility. Seven empirical researches have shown that these norms related to utility have more to do with valuation than devaluation. For norms rooted in desirability, we selected the behavioral norms of politeness and respect for the environment. Four other experimental studies support the theory that these norms related to the desirability have more to do with devaluation that valuation. Our main hypothesis has thus been verified
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41

小池, はるか, and Haruka KOIKE. "共感性尺度の再構成 : 場面想定法に特化した共感性尺度の作成." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/3177.

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42

Lundin, Kalle. "”Man kan ju knappast binda upp sig mer” : En studie om sociala institutioners betydelse för hur unga svenska kvinnor förhåller sig till en eventuell föräldradebut." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-101122.

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This study aims to contribute to the broad field of research regarding changes in fertility and postponement of parenthood. To accomplish this, I combine Richard Sennett’s exposition of “the new culture of capitalism” (2006 s. 126) and one of Daoud and Larsson’s (2014 s. 52) interpretations of the sociological term embeddedness. More particularly, the present study intends to investigate whether the social institutions that, in line with Sennett (2006 s. 25, 35), promote short-termism and flexibility, have come to be internalized (i.e., embedded) in the way women relate to the long-term investment of making a parental debut. The data consist of statements derived from eight semi-structured interviews with women aged between 20 and 28. The interviews executed to answer the following questions:   • How can we understand the way young Swedish women, without children, relate to committing parental debut?   • Which factors do young Swedish women, without children, emphasize regarding a possible parental debut?   Although the results were not unambiguous, there are indications that women choose, or have chosen, to postpone their parental debut due to ambivalence regarding making long-term commitments. Another result was that a possible parental debut not always is considered as a priority to other aspects. This included education and career, as well as the ability to be “free” and make self-sufficient decisions. To a certain extent, this rationale and reasoning were prevalent regardless of age and occupation, which was positive concerning the generalizability of the results. On the other hand, it was also clear that other aspects were considered important, which stresses the importance of taking the theoretical context into account.   A suggestion is that further research should enlarge the number of survey units to increase the possibility to generalize the results. Furthermore, my opinion is that prospective research should take this kind of institutional approach into account in the attempts of understanding other trends and phenomena in society.
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Li, Wing Ling. "Peer relation of Hong Kong primary school children : sociometric status and social characteristics." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1994. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/30.

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Woodward, Ian S. "The good, the bad and the ugly : taste, domestic material culture and narratives of aesthetic judgement /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16180.pdf.

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45

Young, Kathleen M. "IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL MOMENTARY ASSESSMENT DIARY FORMAT AND SOCIAL DESIRABILITY ON REPORTS OF DIETARY TEMPTATIONS, LAPSES, COPING, AND TREATMENT OUTCOME IN A BEHAVIORAL WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAM." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1129159628.

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Mersman, Jennifer L. "Individual differences in the tendency to fake good in personality assessment." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1173.

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47

Arenander, Johanna. "En kvantitativ studie avseende kriminalvårdares empati." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9388.

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Empati har länge ansetts vara en god egenskap hos en medmänniska. Det definierats enligt Davis, som individers affektiva och fysiologiska reaktioner avseende någon annans fysiska och psykiska tillstånd. Tidigare forskning har visat att det finns skillnader avseende empati hos individer beroende på olika faktorer. Huvudsyftet med studien var att se om kön, ålder, arbetsplats, antal år inom yrket samt föräldraskap påverkade kriminalvårdares empati. Deltagarna var kriminalvårdare (N = 90) som arbetade på en anstalt och ett häkte. Mätinstrumenten som användes var the Interpersonal Reactivity Index och Social Desirability Scale. Resultaten som erhölls visade att variablerna inte hade någon signifikant påverkan på kriminalvårdares empati. Detta tyder på att kriminalvårdare behåller distansen till klienterna. Det bör förtydligas att kriminalvårdarna inte saknade empati.

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Qin, Jiashuo. "Online Dating and the Function of Anticipating Comparisons between Self-Presentation Report Veridicality and Potential Face-to-Face Interaction on Impression Management." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1460394724.

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Ford, Stacey L. "When Women Swipe Right and Men Swipe Left: An Exploration of the Online Dating Preferences and Desirability of African American Women." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703371/.

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The purpose of this research study was to conduct an exploration of the dating preferences of African American women and U.S. men between the ages of 30-74 years old. This research focuses on the dating preferences and desirability of African American women and if they are influential on the high unmarried rates of African American women. A weighted stratified sampling of 2,800 personal advertisements of African American, Asian, Latino and White men and women from Match.com were collected to conduct the research. The five research hypotheses of this study were tested using frequency and percentage distribution, logistic regression and cross-tabulation models. The findings partially support the hypotheses African American women are more likely to prefer a mate with a bachelor's degree or higher and African American women are more likely to prefer a mate of the same race compared to U.S. women of other races. The findings also suggested non-African American men are less likely to have an interest in dating African American women and non-African American men, who are interested in dating African American women, are less likely to prefer women with a bachelor's degree or higher or a more socially desirable body type.
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Colledani, D. "A contribution toward the validation of the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (JEPQ-R) in the Italian context. Functioning and meaning of the Lie scale: Social desirability bias, social conformity, and religiosity." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424522.

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The aim of the thesis was to provide a contribution toward the validation of the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (JEPQ-R) in the Italian context, providing in addition further evidence about the meaning and functioning of its Lie scale (social desirability scale). The first theoretical and introductory chapters of the essay are devoted to describing the main theories in the field of personality psychology. Great attention has been addressed to traits theories and to the development of personality. Furthermore special attention has been devoted to the Eysenck model, well-known as "Giants Three" or PEN model, because of the names of the three main dimensions (or traits) at the basis of the theory: Psychoticism (or tough-mindedness), Extraversion (as opposed to introversion ) and Neuroticism (as opposed to emotional stability). The experimental part, instead, has been organized into four main studies. The first, specifically, was aimed to provide a contribution toward the validation of the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (JEPQ-R) in the Italian context. To this purpose in the first step of the research the instrument was translated from English to Italian and afterward back-translated by a native English speaker, for the assessment of linguistic and cultural equivalence. Finally the questionnaire was administered to a large sample of adolescents (N = 595) aged between 13 and 17, and data were analyzed in order to test the metric characteristics of the instrument. Specifically reliability, validity, factor structure and its metric invariance (across genders and two age classes: 13-15 and 16-17) were tested; results supported the adequacy of the metric characteristics of the instrument as well as its invariance. Analyses suggested that scales have the same meaning across groups and reliability coefficients were in line with the results of the original version. Moreover validity coefficients of PEN-L scale, assessed in relation to another well-known validated questionnaire, such as: BFQ-2, provided support to the adequacy of the questionnaire. Further studies, moreover, were performed in order to better understand the functioning and meaning of the Lie scale of the questionnaire. Specifically, the second study analyzed in detail the factor structure of the scale and its strong invariance across two conditions: standard and "fake-good" instructions. Results supported the one-factor solution and its invariance. The third study was, instead, aimed to verify the effectiveness of Lie scale in identifying dissimulation tendencies. In this study the abbreviated version of the questionnaire (JEPQR-Abbreviated), comprising 24 items only (six items for each scale: PEN-Lie), was used. In the first part of the research the adequacy of the metric characteristics of the questionnaire (reliability and factor structure) was evaluated, while, subsequently some analyses were performed in order to test the effectiveness of the scale as fake-detector. Analyses were performed comparing self and informant-report and results suggested a limited effectiveness of the scale in assessing dissimulation tendencies, providing, on the contrary, some support for an interpretation more tied to a social conformity disposition. This suggestion was finally tested in the fourth study. In this research a structural equation model was tested in order to explore relations between three religiosity facets (intrinsic orientation, extrinsic orientation, and quest orientations), PEN traits and Lie scale, conceived as a social conformity measure. The relationship between social desirability scales and religiosity, even though rather controversial, is in fact well known in literature. In this study it was, therefore, suggested that this curious relationship could be better explained, conceiving Lie scale as the measure of a social acquiescence disposition. Specifically, in the study it was assumed that the relationship between PEN-L traits and religiosity could be mediated by four sets of values described in the Schwartz model (second-order factors: openness to change, conservatism, self-transcendence, and self-enhancement). In particular, it was hypothesized that the Lie scale, representing a social conformity measure, would have reported strong relations with conservatism-related values (security, tradition, conformity), which in turn were expected to show a role in religious experience. These assumptions were substantially supported by the empirical data of the present work and moreover some contributions were provided about the controversial relations, described in literature, between PEN traits and religiosity. The thesis ends with a summary of the main results and with a comprehensive and systematic discussion about the main findings obtained in the research.
Lo scopo della tesi è stato quello di fornire un contributo alla validazione del questionario Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (JEPQ-R) nel contesto italiano, approfondendo inoltre il significato e il funzionamento della scala Lie (scala di desiderabilità sociale) in esso contenuta. Nella parte iniziale dell’elaborato alcuni capitoli teorici e introduttivi sono stati dedicati a delineare le principali teorizzazioni nell’ambito della psicologia della personalità. Dopo un excursus volto a chiarire le principali teorie sull’argomento, ampio spazio è stato dedicato alle teorie dei tratti e alle formulazioni rivolte all’età evolutiva. Inoltre una speciale attenzione è stata indirizzata al modello di Eysenck, noto anche come modello “Giants Three” o modello PEN, dal nome delle tre dimensioni (o tratti) alla base della teoria: Psicoticismo (o mentalità dura), Estroversione (opposta all’introversione) e Nevroticismo (opposto alla stabilità emotiva). La parte empirica dell’elaborato è stata, invece, articolata in quattro principali studi. Il primo, in particolare, è stato dedicato a fornire un contributo alla validazione del questionario Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (JEPQ-R) nel contesto italiano. A tale scopo il questionario è stato dapprima tradotto dall’inglese e successivamente sottoposto al vaglio di un esperto madrelingua che potesse valutare l’equivalenza culturale e linguistica della versione tradotta. Il questionario è stato, infine, somministrato ad un campione di adolescenti (N=595) di età compresa tra i 13 e i 17 anni ed i dati raccolti sono stati accuratamente analizzati al fine di testare le caratteristiche metriche dello strumento. In particolare sono state verificate attendibilità, validità, struttura fattoriale e invarianza metrica delle scale attraverso generi (maschie e femmine) e classi di età (13-15 e 16-17 anni). I risultati hanno confermato l’adeguatezza delle caratteristiche metriche dello strumento e la sua invarianza. Le analisi hanno chiarito che le scale hanno lo stesso significato nei diversi gruppi considerati e i coefficienti di affidabilità si sono dimostrati in linea con quelli della versione originale. Inoltre i coefficienti di validità, calcolati utilizzando come strumento di confronto il noto questionario BFQ-2 (Big Five Questionnaire-2), hanno fornito supporto all’adeguatezza del questionario JEPQ-R. I successivi studi sono stati dedicati, invece, ad approfondire funzionamento e significato della scala Lie del questionario. In particolare il secondo studio ha verificato attentamente la struttura fattoriale della scala e la sua invarianza scalare attraverso due condizioni: istruzioni standard e istruzioni “fake-good”. I risultati hanno confermato la struttura mono-fattoriale della scala e la sua invarianza. Il terzo studio è stato finalizzato a verificare l’efficacia della scala Lie nell’identificare le tendenze a dissimulare. In questo studio è stata utilizzata la versione abbreviata del questionario (JEPQR-Abbreviated), composta da 24 item (6 item per ogni scala: PEN-Lie). Nella prima parte della ricerca è stata valutata l’adeguatezza delle caratteristiche metriche del questionario (attendibilità e struttura fattoriale). Successivamente, invece, alcune analisi sono state effettuate al fine di testare l’efficacia della scala come fake-detector. Le analisi sono state condotte confrontando self e informant-report ed hanno permesso di attribuire alla scala una limitata capacità di valutare le tendenze a dissimulare, suggerendo che lo strumento possa essere meglio inteso come una misura di conformismo sociale. Tale possibilità è stata, infine, verificata nel quarto studio. In questa ricerca attraverso un modello di equazioni strutturali sono state esplorate le relazioni fra tre orientamenti religiosi (religiosità intrinseca, estrinseca e quest), i tratti PEN e la scala Lie, interpretata come misura di conformismo sociale. La relazione tra scale di desiderabilità sociale e religiosità è, infatti, ben nota in letteratura anche se piuttosto controversa. Nello studio è stato quindi ipotizzato che tale curiosa relazione possa essere meglio spiegata attribuendo alla scala Lie un significato non tanto legato alla misurazione della dissimulazione ma piuttosto al conformismo sociale. In particolare nello studio si è ipotizzato che le relazioni tra i tratti PEN-L e la religiosità fossero mediate dai quattro orientamenti valoriali descritti nel modello di Schwartz (fattori di secondo ordine: Apertura al cambiamento, Autoaffermazione, Autotrascendenza e Conservatorismo). Nello specifico è stato ipotizzato che la scala Lie, rappresentando la misura di un tratto di acquiescenza sociale, avrebbe riportato forti legami con i valori di conservatorismo (sicurezza, tradizione, rispetto delle convenzioni), che si riteneva avrebbero dimostrato a loro volta di essere legati all’esperienza religiosa. Tali ipotesi sono state supportate dai dati empirici, che, inoltre, hanno chiarito anche i controversi legami descritti in letteratura tra i tratti PEN e la religiosità. Il lavoro si conclude con un sommario dei principali risultati ottenuti e con una discussione generale che mette in luce i punti di maggiore interesse con un approccio globale ed organico.
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