Journal articles on the topic 'Social decision schemes'
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Nel, Deon, Leyland F. Pitt, Pierre Berthon, and Gerard Prendergast. "Social decision schemes and group processes: some impacts on decision making." Journal of Managerial Psychology 11, no. 6 (September 1996): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949610129712.
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Hidajat, Taofik. "Financial Literacy, Ponzi and Pyramid Scheme in Indonesia." Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen 9, no. 2 (September 27, 2018): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v9i2.16261.
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The aim of this research is to examine empirically the influence of financial literacy on investment decisions through ponzi and pyramid schemes. Variables embedded were Social Economic Characteristics, Financial Literacy and Investments Decision. The population of this study were the people who invest their money through a Ponzi scheme and pyramid scheme. The sampling method applied was a snowball sampling of 43 respondents. Based from the research result, it was concluded that social economic characteristics, positively influences financial literacy. While, financial literacy influenced investment decision through ponzi and pyramid schemes. It is freaky because the people with good financial literacy (job occupation, education, gender and income) are still trapped under these junk investment trick modes. It was assumed that there were the other factors as the example, psychological factor like individual greed that influenced the financially literate people to invest through both junk investment schemes. It was also suggested a modification in financial literacy measuring because the existing financial literacy measuring tools had not been able to accommodate the understanding of ponzi and pyramid scheme investment.
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Crott, Helmut W., Johannes A. Zuber, and Thomas Schermer. "Social decision schemes and choice shift: An analysis of group decisions among bets." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 22, no. 1 (January 1986): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(86)90038-7.
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M. Maschendar Goud and V Usha Kiran. "Impact of Social Schemes on the Empowerment of Aam Aadmi - A Study on MGNREGS and Food Security Bill." Think India 18, no. 1 (March 13, 2015): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v18i1.7801.
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Aam Aadmi has achieved tremendous transformation from the stage of isolation to the stage of decision maker in the era of globalization. Increasing political concerns, neglecting the confidence on Aam Aadmi has resulted in huge loss to the dictators. In view of the importance of Aam Aadmi, a great change has occurred in terms of concern for Aam Aadmi in the present era. Increasing initiations of social schemes including Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) and National Food Security Bill, 2013 are some of the best examples which show that the government is highly concerned for the development and as well as empowerment. In view of the emergence of two of the most popular schemes by the government, the present paper will critically examine the need for social schemes for Aam Aadmi. Further, the paper also contributes the benefits of the schemes. Further, the challenges ahead for the successful implementation of the scheme have also been presented in the paper. The present paper is mainly based on the secondary data. The data pertaining to the opinions of the common people especially in rural India have also been considered. The paper provides the valuable observations on examining the impact of social schemes for the upliftment of Aam aadmi.
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Hinsz, Verlin B. "Group Decision Making with Responses of a Quantitative Nature: The Theory of Social Decision Schemes for Quantities." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 80, no. 1 (October 1999): 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1999.2853.
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Wang, Kun, Zheng Zhang, Liyi Zhu, Xiuzhi Yang, Miao Chen, and Chao Yang. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Dry Stack Tailings Disposal Schemes: A Case Study in Northern China." Minerals 12, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12121603.
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Alternative tailings disposal technologies can be effective solutions to mining waste safety and environmental problems. The current decision-making processes for tailings disposal schemes lack consideration of environmental impacts. Based on a case study of an open-pit iron mine in northern China, this study adopted the life cycle assessment (LCA) method to compare the environmental impacts of three tailings disposal schemes of conventional slurry disposal technology (CSDT), dry stack disposal technology (DSDT) by belt conveyance and DSDT by truck transport. The results indicated that (1) the environmental impacts of the CSDT scheme were lowest under the premise that water consumption was ignored; (2) the environmental impacts of the DSDT scheme by belt conveyance mainly originated from its transport process, indicating that the tailings storage facilities (TSFs) site planning could be crucial in design decision making; (3) the environmental impacts of the DSDT scheme by truck transport mainly originated from the energy consumption of dry stacking equipment; and (4) the DSDT scheme by truck transport was eventually found to be preferable and implemented in the case study, after comprehensively considering the LCA results, TSF safety and remaining capacity, and social and policy uncertainties. It is therefore recommended to conduct LCA of environmental impacts in the decision-making process for the sustainable design of TSFs.
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Karagkiozi, Polyxeni, Eleni Oxouzi, and Evangelos Papanagiotou. "Factors affecting the integration of local traditional products into quality assurance schemes." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 64, no. 2 (2019): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1902189k.
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This paper investigates the factors that affect the decisions of the Prespes Beans? (Fassolia 'Prespon') producers to certify their product as a product of protected geographical indication (PGI). The study was based on primary data collected by means of a questionnaire completed by both PGI certified and non-certified producers. The logit model was used for the indication of factors that affect the producers? decision to certify or not to certify their product as PGI. Descriptive statistics were also used for the study of leaders? social features. The research results showed that the producers? decision of adopting the protected geographical indication (PGI) certification was significantly linked to membership producer organizations (cooperatives or other groups), the years of agricultural experience, the size of the cultivated land as well as the motives for joining quality assurance schemes.
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Gupta, Suneet, Sumit Kumar, Sunil L. Bangare, Shibili Nuhmani, Arnold C. Alguno, and Issah Abubakari Samori. "Homogeneous Decision Community Extraction Based on End-User Mental Behavior on Social Media." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (March 8, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3490860.
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Aiming at the inadequacy of the group decision-making method with the current attribute value as interval language information, an interval binary semantic decision-making method is proposed, which considers the decision maker’s psychological behavior. The scope of this research is that this paper is based on localized amplification method. The localized amplification method used in this research may amplify physiological movement after removing unwanted noise, allowing the movement trend to be seen with the naked eye, improving the CNN network’s mental identification accuracy. These two algorithms analyze the input picture from various perspectives, allowing the CNN network to extract more information and enhance identification accuracy. A new distance formula with interval binary semantics closer to decision-makers thinking habits is defined; time degree is introduced. An optimization model is established to solve the time series weights by considering the comprehensive consistency of expert evaluation. Based on prospect theory, a prospect deviation value is constructed and minimized weight optimization model, using the interactive multiple attribute decision community making (TODIM) method based on the new distance measure to calculate the total overall dominance of the schemes to rank the schemes. Taking the selection and evaluation of supply chain collaboration partners as an example, the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method are verified.
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Rani and Amita Malik. "Fuzzy-Based Social Relationship-Aware Routing Scheme for Opportunistic Networks." International Journal of Fuzzy System Applications 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijfsa.306273.
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Opportunistic network is the current area of research which facilitates message delivery between the nodes where there is no end-to-end connectivity. The most of the existing routing schemes in Opportunistic networks consume high resources and leads to decline in network efficiency. So, designing an efficient routing scheme for OppNets always remains a stimulating task due to high mobility of nodes, absence of an end-to-end connectivity and the lack of further knowledge about the network topology. In this research paper we propose a novel Fuzzy based Social relationshipAware Routing (F-SAR) scheme in which the decision of the best forwarder to forward the message depend on fuzzy inference system considering residual energy, buffer availability and social relationship of nodes. This routing scheme is simulated in “The ONE” simulator and the results shows that it outperforms SnW, Prophet, and FLDEAR in terms of delivery rate, message transmission overhead, and average latency
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Nel, Johannes B., Paul T. Mativenga, and Annlizé L. Marnewick. "A Framework to Support the Selection of an Appropriate Water Allocation Planning and Decision Support Scheme." Water 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121854.
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Water is becoming a scarce resource in many parts of the world, leading to increased competition amongst water users. Optimized water allocation is increasingly important to balance the growing demand for water and the limited supply of accessible clean water. The literature on water allocation schemes and decision support systems, developed for application in specific water management areas or watersheds, was critically reviewed. Although the literature is rich in studies on the application of a broad range of water allocation schemes, there is a lack of information available on the methodology and process of selecting the most applicable scheme that balances the local realities and requirements of stakeholders while considering the local context with regard to the economic, social and environmental impact of water usage. In this article, a framework is presented that water management practitioners can use to select applicable water allocation planning schemes and associated decision support systems based on the characteristics and requirements of the specific water management situation. The framework was used to analyse the water supply situation in South Africa (SA), taking broader factors into account. Based on this, a generic conceptualized water allocation planning and decision support framework for a typical SA water management area is proposed.
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Kovalenko, Alla, and Albina Holovina. "Methodological Aspects of Social Preferences Research in the Context of Solving Social Dilemmas." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology” 1, no. 13 (2021): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2021.1(13).6.
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The article presents an analysis of the main methodological principles and schemes of social preferences experimental research, which are determined as a fundamental concept to understanding the behavior of decision-makers in the process of resolving social dilemmas. The models presented in the article include an analysis of the factors that determine social preferences. Among them are the factors of trust, reliability, reciprocity, rejection of inequality, unconditional altruism and competitive advantage. The article provides a description of the strengths and weaknesses of the classic methods for studying social preferences, which usually take the form of ultimatum game, dictator game, trust game and public goods game. The study reveals the importance of the Nash equilibrium as a way to interpret human behavior in resource allocation during the game. Analysis of numerous literary sources shows that the ultimatum game is a classic scheme for studying the altruistic behavior of people. The submission of a proposal and its acceptance is an example of Nash's ideal equilibrium. Deviation from this balance can be interpreted as altruism. In turn, the trust game is a classic scheme for studying the reciprocity and prosocial orientation. If the behavior of players deviates from Nash's equilibrium, it is interpreted as being caused by trust and reciprocity. The dictator game is a classic scheme for studying the rejection of inequality. The subject's behavior can be interpreted as a rejection of inequality or altruism, but not as a rejection of risk, as the offer of Player 1 is mandatory for Player 2. Public goods game is a classic scheme for studying the competitive orientation. Nash's ideal balance in this form of play is to do nothing for public consumption, but deviating from this rule is interpreted as altruistic behavior that is the opposite of competitive orientation. As a result, the design of psychological research is presented, which most accurately typologies the social preferences of the subjects and can contribute to the creation of a representative model of decision-making process.
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Maule, A. J., D. R. Cliff, and R. Taylor. "Early Retirement Decisions and How They Affect Later Quality of Life." Ageing and Society 16, no. 2 (March 1996): 177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00003287.
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AbstractOlder workers are often placed in an unenviable position in the face of stereotypes which define them as increasingly marginal in the work force, and view retirement in terms of status loss and disengagement. Yet voluntary early retirement schemes have been a recent feature of work organisations of all types in Britain, Western Europe and North America. The nature of the decision-making processes of those involved in such schemes has not been widely researched and such studies as have been conducted have not drawn on the existing framework of decision analysis. This paper reports the findings of two linked studies into the early retirement decisions of men working in Britain for a large multinational company in the manufacturing sector. The first investigated the factors deemed to be important for a group of men at the point of decision whilst the second investigated both the factors deemed to be important and the quality of life of a group of men who had taken the decision to retire early between 18 months and 3 years previously. Both studies indicated that the decision-making process is complex and cannot be reduced to single-factors like health or financial status. The most important factor in the quality of life of early retirees was the matching of expectations of further work at the point of decision. The studies illustrated the utility of a decision analysis approach to the study of early retirement.
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da Costa Morais, Gustavo, Carolina Cardoso Novo, and Mirian Picinini Méxas. "Notional Defined Contribution (NDC) Schemes: a pension system alternative." Abril - Junio 2021 16, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21919/remef.v16i2.524.
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This article aims to discuss the main concepts related to notional defined contribution (NDC) schemes and to analyze the experiences of Sweden, Italy, Latvia, Poland and Norway. The methodology is based on a literature review. The main result was that the extent of NDC as a pension system alternative depends on the degree of closeness to the generic scheme. It is recommended to analyze NDC as an alternative for pension system reforms considering its capacity to control structural deficits. As a limitation, it was not analyzed some possible social impacts of NDC introduction. This article is original because encompasses theoretical and practical aspects of NDC schemes. It is expected that this research can contribute to assist public officials in decision-making about reforms in pension systems.
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Ioannou, Anastasia, Gioia Falcone, Christina Baisch, Georgie Friederichs, and Jan Hildebrand. "A Decision Support Tool for Social Engagement, Alternative Financing and Risk Mitigation of Geothermal Energy Projects." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031280.
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This paper presents a decision support tool for promoters/investors of geothermal energy projects, based on a decision tree (DT) structure. The DT aims to assist stakeholders to select public engagement strategies, alternative financing solutions and risk mitigation measures (or options) for geothermal energy projects. Public engagement is necessary for the successful development and operation of geothermal projects. Available studies (including toolkits and protocols) commonly list a set of practices for social engagement without providing information on the factors which render certain options more suitable than others. The presented tool offers a transparent framework to how relevant decisions could be managed by providing a sequence of questions that focus on social, environmental, resource risk, and financial influencing factors and to realise community engagement into geothermal projects. This work is part of the Horizon 2020 CROWDTHERMAL project, which aims at empowering the public to directly participate in the development of geothermal projects through social engagement tools and alternative financing schemes, like crowdfunding.
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Spiegel, Bernhard, and Manfred Pöltl. "Arbitration under International Social Security Instruments." Intertax 42, Issue 3 (March 1, 2014): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2014023.
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In the EU binding EU provisions contain a comprehensive coordination of the different schemes of the Member States. These provisions also include dispute settlement rules. The competent institutions and authorities have to cooperate to resolve all disputes. If this does not lead to a solution the Administrative Commission, an EU body in which all Member States and the European Commission are represented, can decide on the issue (which does not include the possibility of enforcement of that decision). In a last step it is up to the courts to decide. These procedures are not perfect - an equality of arms between the different bodies involved is not yet guaranteed.
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Guo, Yurong, Quan Shi, and Chiming Guo. "A Performance-Oriented Optimization Framework Combining Meta-Heuristics and Entropy-Weighted TOPSIS for Multi-Objective Sustainable Supply Chain Network Design." Electronics 11, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 3134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193134.
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The decision-making of sustainable supply chain network (SSCN) design is a strategy capacity for configuring network facility and product flow. When optimizing conflicting economic, environmental, and social performance objectives, it is difficult to select the optimal scheme from obtained feasible decision schemes. In this article, according to the triple bottom line of sustainability, a multi-objective sustainable supply chain network optimization model is developed, and a novel performance-oriented optimization framework is proposed. This framework, referred to as performance-oriented optimization framework, integrates multi-objective meta-heuristic algorithms and entropy-weighted technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (EW-TOPSIS). The optimization framework can comprehensively evaluate the performance of overall SSCN by EW-TOPSIS and guide the evolution process of algorithms. In this framework, decision-makers can obtain the feasible schemes calculated by meta-heuristics and determine the optimal one according to the performance value evaluated by EW-TOPSIS. This article combines three performance evaluation strategies with four meta-heuristic algorithms, namely, non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-2), multi-objective differential evolutionary (MODE), multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), and multi-objective gray wolr optimization (MOGWO), for verifying the effectiveness of the performance-oriented optimization framework. The results validate that the proposed framework has much better sustainability performance than the traditional optimization algorithms and evaluation methods. Furthermore, the proposed performance-oriented optimization framework can provide managers with a special optimal scheme with the best sustainability performance. Finally, some research prospects are presented such as more multi-criteria decision making methods.
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Guo, Yurong, Quan Shi, and Chiming Guo. "A Fuzzy Robust Programming Model for Sustainable Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design with Efficiency-Oriented Multi-Objective Optimization." Processes 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2022): 1963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10101963.
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Sustainable closed-loop supply chain (SCLSC) network design and decision-making is a critical problem for enterprises and organizations’ operations because of its excellent economic, environmental, and social performance. This article proposes a multi-objective mixed-integer programming model with targets for minimum total cost, reduction in environmental damage, and maximum social responsibility. In order to deal with the uncertainty caused by the dynamic business environment, a fuzzy robust programming (FRP) approach is applied. Furthermore, an efficiency-oriented optimization methodology, hybridizing meta-heuristics and efficiency evaluation, is proposed to solve the developed multi-objective model and functions as auxiliary decision-making. Data envelopment analysis is applied to evaluate the sustainability performance of feasible solutions and calculate their efficiency. The efficiency can comprehensively reflect the sustainability performance and guide the evolution process of meta-heuristic algorithms. A numerical case validates the proposed FRP model and efficiency-oriented optimization methodology. The results demonstrate that with the proposed methodology, decision-makers not only can obtain a set of efficient schemes but also can determine the optimal scheme with the best sustainability performance.
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Zhu, Bo-Wei, Ying He Xiao, Wei-Quan Zheng, Lei Xiong, Xia Yun He, Jian-Yi Zheng, and Yen-Ching Chuang. "A Hybrid Multiple-Attribute Decision-Making Model for Evaluating the Esthetic Expression of Environmental Design Schemes." SAGE Open 12, no. 2 (April 2022): 215824402210872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221087268.
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A built environment with high-quality esthetic expression can positively contribute to key agendas of urban development. Environmental design is the design of physical environments that mainly respond to people’s behavioral needs and sensory preferences based on environment–behavior relations. Practitioners in this industry often work on esthetic quality improvement. Although previous studies have provided valuable knowledge about important elements of built environment esthetic expression, limited research efforts have been devoted to building a systematic framework that comprises key evaluation elements with high local adaptability and the influence relationships among them. The standards and preferences of esthetic expression in environmental design scheme evaluation are context-based. Providing an effective way to clarify evaluation elements with high local adaptability and the relationships among them may help reduce ambiguity, enhance consensus, and increase efficiency in the decision-making process. Therefore, this study adopted the esthetic expression evaluation of environmental design in China as an example and produced a hybrid decision analysis model by integrating the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method to evaluate the esthetic expression of environmental design schemes. A hierarchical evaluation framework composed of 5 dimensions and 18 evaluation elements was constructed in this study. The key design elements under each dimension and the influence relationships among them were also identified. This paper offers insights into the theoretical investigation and practical development of a systematic evaluation of the esthetic expression of environmental design schemes.
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A., Dr Sathesh. "ENHANCED SOFT COMPUTING APPROACHES FOR INTRUSION DETECTION SCHEMES IN SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORKS." Journal of Soft Computing Paradigm 2019, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jscp.2019.2.002.
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The soft computing methods play a vital role in identifying the malicious activities in the social network. The low cost solutions and the robustness provided by the soft computing in the identifying the unwanted activities make it a predominant area of research. The paper combines the soft computing techniques and frames an enhanced soft computing approach to detect the intrusion that cause security issues in the social network. The proffered method of the paper employs the enhanced soft computing technique that combines the fuzzy logic, decision tree, K means -EM and the machine learning in preprocessing, feature reduction, clustering and classification respectively to develop a security approach that is more effective than the traditional computations in identifying the misuse in the social networks. The intrusion detection system developed using the soft computing approach is tested using the KDD-NSL and the DARPA dataset to note down the security percentage, time utilization, cost and compared with the other traditional methods.
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Zuber, Johannes A., Helmut W. Crott, and Joachim Werner. "Choice shift and group polarization: An analysis of the status of arguments and social decision schemes." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62, no. 1 (1992): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.62.1.50.
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Xiong, Lei, Cheng-Lein Teng, Yu-Qi Li, Yuan-Zone Lee, Bo-Wei Zhu, and Kun Liu. "A Qualitative-Quantitative Evaluation Model for Systematical Improving the Creativity of Students’ Design Scheme." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 2792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102792.
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For teaching architectural design, if creativity in students’ practice assignments can be effectively evaluated, it will help make certain the ranking of the performance of different design schemes and provide a critical decision basis for the continuous improvement of each scheme. Based on the review of related literature, this study integrates the grounded theory (GT) from the social sciences’ domain and the method of multiple attribute decision making (MADM) from operations research by analyzing their advantages and congruence to create a qualitative–quantitative evaluation model such as the GT-DANP-mV (GT, DEMATEL-based analytic network process [ANP] with modified VIKOR) model. Then, the characteristics and advantages of this evaluation model were examined by applying it to empirical research. Overall, this evaluation model fully utilized the advantages of the analytical techniques of GT and the MADM method to solve the corresponding problems at different stages of the evaluation study, which realizes their complementary advantages. More crucial is that, whether in the related evaluation study or practice assignments, the application of the GT-DANP-mV model could facilitate the formulation of continuous improvement strategies for architectural design schemes based on performance evaluation results under conditions of limited resources.
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Pillay, Suren, and Pieter W. Buys. "Climate Change: A Comparison Of Market-Based Instruments From A South African Perspective." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 4 (March 27, 2013): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i4.7744.
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This article aims to consider the relevancy of (i) cap-and-trade schemes and (ii) carbon tax schemes in a developing economy context. Even though both schemes have a common goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, they operate very differently, each with their own set of advantages and disadvantages. Sustainable developments comprise various elements categorised in three primary dimensions environmental, economic and social. The objective of reducing greenhouse gases via the implementation of carbon tax or cap-and-trade schemes primarily addresses the environmental dimension of sustainable development. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, the impact of both schemes on the economically sustainable development, including industry competitiveness and growth, still has to be determined. In South Africa, the National Treasury made a decision to implement carbon tax as opposed to cap-and-trade schemes. In this article, the reasoning behind their decision in favour of carbon tax in the South African context is critically considered, firstly by evaluating the key characteristics between cap-and-trade and carbon tax schemes and secondly by considering the effectiveness hereof in the global context. It was found primary reason behind the favourable consideration of carbon tax was the fact the implementation thereof would be simpler using the existing taxation systems, whereas cap-and-trade would require the implementation of sophisticated mechanisms that may not provide the optimum benefit in a developing economy context.
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Adzawla, William, Shaibu Azumah Baanni, and Roger Fianko Wontumi. "Factors Influencing Informal Sector Workers’ Contribution to Pension Scheme in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana." Journal of Asian Business Strategy 5, no. 2 (March 25, 2015): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.1006/2015.5.2/1006.2.37.45.
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Social protection is an essential mechanism for a sustained poverty eradication and development. One of these social protection instruments is the informal pension scheme. In this study, the objective was to identify the factors that influenced informal sector workers' decision into pension scheme as well as their contribution levels. Heckman two-stage approach was adopted in analyzing the data collected from 150 informal sector workers in the Tamale metropolis. It was revealed that the elderly, the single, the highly educated, highly depended and higher income workers have a higher probability of contributing to the informal pension scheme. Similarly, traders, artisans, highly educated and highly depended upon workers contribute higher amounts monthly. Although informal sector workers in general should be encouraged to remain loyal or join pension schemes, farmers in particular need to be re-targeted. In order to restore confidence in the pension scheme and ensure its sustenance, public education must be intensified.
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Zhao, Jianming, Mo Li, Ping Guo, Chenglong Zhang, and Qian Tan. "Agricultural Water Productivity Oriented Water Resources Allocation Based on the Coordination of Multiple Factors." Water 9, no. 7 (July 5, 2017): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w9070490.
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Agricultural water productivity (AWP), which is associated with multiple factors, is an important index for measuring the effectiveness of agricultural water management. The purpose of this study is to promote AWP through optimally allocating limited agricultural water resources with the coordination of related elements. Firstly, the coordination effects of multiple factors related to AWP are quantified as relative optimum membership degrees based on the fuzzy optimum selecting theory. Secondly, based on the relative optimum membership degrees for various crops, a linear fractional programming model is established to maximize AWP in agricultural water resources allocation. Thirdly, the impacts of the allocation schemes on the development of social-economy and ecological environment are discussed using the multi-dimensional regulation theory. The developed integrated system has advantages in increasing agricultural water productivity through the coordination of multiple factors with aspects of economy, society and resources. Moreover, the system is capable of screening schemes considering harmonious development of resources, economy, society and ecology based on optimization results, providing decision makers with more sustainable schemes for irrigation water allocation. The integrated system including the aforementioned three parts is applied to a real-world case study in China to demonstrate its feasibility and applicability. Different water allocation schemes for various crops under different scenarios were obtained. The average value of AWP is 1.85 kg/m3, which is 0.31 kg/m3 higher than the current value of AWP. An optimum scheme with 1.1405 × 108 m3 of water being allocated was also selected due to its highest level of coordination for resources, economy, society and ecology. The developed system can provide an effective method for AWP promotion. The obtained results can help local decision makers adjust water resources allocation schemes.
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Colombo, Cecilia, Alice Devenyns, Irene Manzini Ceinar, and Pablo Sendra. "Co-Producing a Social Impact Assessment with Affected Communities: Evaluating the Social Sustainability of Redevelopment Schemes." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 13381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313381.
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This paper explores the role of social impact assessment (SIA) as a tool to evaluate the social sustainability of council estate redevelopment or regeneration. The paper first revises the evolution of the concept of SIA in recent years, arguing that it should be included as a core part of the planning approval process to enhance community-centred planning decision-making practices, as claimed by the Just Space network in London. To contribute to this argument, the paper explores how to co-produce an SIA with those communities that are potentially affected by the scheme. We use as a case study William Dunbar and William Saville houses, two housing blocks located in South Kilburn Estate, London Borough of Brent, which are planned to be demolished as part of a large estate redevelopment scheme. The paper uses a diversity of participatory action research methods to co-produce an SIA with residents from the two housing blocks. From the experience of co-producing an SIA with residents, the paper comes out with three sets of findings and contributions. Firstly, the paper provides findings on the impact that demolishing the homes and re-housing residents would have on residents. Secondly, from these findings, the paper contributes to the argument that SIA should be incorporated into the planning system, but they should be co-produced with residents and carefully applied rather than becoming another box-ticking exercise. Thirdly, the paper provides very relevant methodological contributions on how to co-produce the SIA with those potentially affected.
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Yue, Qiang, Limin Hou, Tong Wang, Liusuo Wang, Yue Zhu, Xiu Wang, and Xilei Cheng. "Optimization of industrial structure based on water environmental carrying capacity in Tieling City." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 8 (March 4, 2015): 1255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.099.
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A system dynamics optimization model of the industrial structure of Tieling City based on water environmental carrying capacity has been established. This system is divided into the following subsystems: water resources, economics, population, contaminants, and agriculture and husbandry. Three schemes were designed to simulate the model from 2011 to 2020, and these schemes were compared to obtain an optimal social and economic development model in Tieling City. Policy recommendations on industrial structure optimization based on the optimal solution provide scientific decision-making advice to develop a strong and sustainable economy in Tieling.
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Pal, Mukesh, Hemant Gupta, and Yogesh C. Joshi. "Social and economic empowerment of women through financial inclusion: empirical evidence from India." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 41, no. 2 (October 5, 2021): 294–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-04-2021-0113.
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PurposeWomen empowerment becomes an important policy discussion in development economics and modernization theory. The empowerment of women can lead to an increase in the quality viz-a-viz the capacity of human resources accessible for economic development. The purpose of this study is to evidence the impact of social and economic dimensions on women empowerment through financial inclusion in rural India.Design/methodology/approachTo reveal the research objective, the study has utilized a primary survey of women respondents from the Gujarat state of India by a simple random sampling method and applied a logistic regression approach to identify the relationship between the need of a bank account (determinant of financial inclusion) as a dependent variable and social and economic dimensions of women empowerment such as earning status, participation in financial decision-making, recipient of social welfare schemes and perception towards the safety of saving as independent variables.FindingsThe results of this study show that earning status, participation in financial decision-making at household level and recipient of social welfare schemes by women have a significant impact on women empowerment through financial inclusion; however, safety of their savings is observed as an insignificant variable, yet the odd value is very high (2.437) in the present study.Originality/valueThe present study is the first of its kind to examine the social and economic status of women and its impact on their requirement of a formal bank account for the overall empowerment of women in rural India.
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Hurford, A. P., and J. J. Harou. "Balancing ecosystem services with energy and food security – Assessing trade-offs from reservoir operation and irrigation investments in Kenya's Tana Basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 8 (August 28, 2014): 3259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3259-2014.
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Abstract. Competition for water between key economic sectors and the environment means agreeing allocations is challenging. Managing releases from the three major dams in Kenya's Tana River basin with its 4.4 million inhabitants, 567 MW of installed hydropower capacity, 33 000 ha of irrigation and ecologically important wetlands and forests is a pertinent example. This research seeks firstly to identify and help decision-makers visualise reservoir management strategies which result in the best possible (Pareto-optimal) allocation of benefits between sectors. Secondly, it seeks to show how trade-offs between achievable benefits shift with the implementation of proposed new rice, cotton and biofuel irrigation projects. To approximate the Pareto-optimal trade-offs we link a water resources management simulation model to a multi-criteria search algorithm. The decisions or "levers" of the management problem are volume-dependent release rules for the three major dams and extent of investment in new irrigation schemes. These decisions are optimised for eight objectives covering the provision of water supply and irrigation, energy generation and maintenance of ecosystem services. Trade-off plots allow decision-makers to assess multi-reservoir rule-sets and irrigation investment options by visualising their impacts on different beneficiaries. Results quantify how economic gains from proposed irrigation schemes trade-off against the disturbance of ecosystems and local livelihoods that depend on them. Full implementation of the proposed schemes is shown to come at a high environmental and social cost. The clarity and comprehensiveness of "best-case" trade-off analysis is a useful vantage point from which to tackle the interdependence and complexity of "water-energy-food nexus" resource security issues.
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Hurford, A. P., and J. J. Harou. "Balancing ecosystem services with energy and food security – assessing trade-offs for reservoir operation and irrigation investment in Kenya's Tana basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2014): 1343–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-1343-2014.
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Abstract. Competition for water between key economic sectors and the environment means agreeing on allocation is challenging. Managing releases from the three major dams in Kenya's Tana River basin with its 4.4 million inhabitants, 567 MW of installed hydropower capacity, 33 000 ha of irrigation and ecologically important wetlands and forests is a pertinent example. This research seeks to identify and help decision-makers visualise reservoir management strategies which result in the best possible (Pareto-optimal) allocation of benefits between sectors. Secondly we seek to show how trade-offs between achievable benefits shift with the implementation of new proposed rice, cotton and biofuel irrigation projects. To identify the Pareto-optimal trade-offs we link a water resources management model to a multi-criteria search algorithm. The decisions or "levers" of the management problem are volume dependent release rules for the three major dams and extent of investment in new irrigation schemes. These decisions are optimised for objectives covering provision of water supply and irrigation, energy generation and maintenance of ecosystem services which underpin tourism and local livelihoods. Visual analytic plots allow decision makers to assess multi-reservoir rule-sets by understanding their impacts on different beneficiaries. Results quantify how economic gains from proposed irrigation schemes trade-off against disturbance of the flow regime which supports ecosystem services. Full implementation of the proposed schemes is shown to be Pareto-optimal, but at high environmental and social cost. The clarity and comprehensiveness of "best-case" trade-off analysis is a useful vantage point from which to tackle the interdependence and complexity of water-energy-food "nexus" challenges.
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Liu, Changjiang, Qiuping Wang, and Zhen Cao. "An intelligent optimization method for highway route selection based on comprehensive weight and TOPSIS." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): e0262588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262588.
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In order to accurately analyze and evaluate multi-index and multi-route traffic schemes for comparison and selection, we introduce herein a comprehensive weight and an intelligent selection algorithm for traffic scheme optimization to improve upon the shortcomings of common qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. Firstly, we establish an evaluation index system of transportation by traffic scheme considering the factors of technology, ecological environment, social environment, and economy, based on the whole life cycle. Secondly, the comprehensive weight based on subjective and objective factors is constructed. Finally, we establish an optimization method for transportation schemes by using the comprehensive weight and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model. The results show that the evaluation index system based on the whole life cycle is more comprehensive and accurate. The comprehensive weight vector avoids the defects of single weight methods and makes full use of subjective data and expert opinions. The comprehensive weight vector is introduced into the decision-maker’s preference coefficient, so that analysts can determine the scheme according to the subjective and objective information and to the required accuracy. This method uses a large number of evaluation groups to evaluate the scheme, and the evaluation results show greater objectivity and efficiency.
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Djenontin, Ida Nadia S., Leo C. Zulu, and Arika Ligmann-Zielinska. "Improving Representation of Decision Rules in LUCC-ABM: An Example with an Elicitation of Farmers’ Decision Making for Landscape Restoration in Central Malawi." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (July 3, 2020): 5380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135380.
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Restoring interlocking forest-agricultural landscapes—forest-agricscapes—to sustainably supply ecosystem services for socio-ecological well-being is one of Malawi’s priorities. Engaging local farmers is crucial in implementing restoration schemes. While farmers’ land-use decisions shape land-use/cover and changes (LUCC) and ecological conditions, why and how they decide to embrace restoration activities is poorly understood and neglected in forest-agricscape restoration. We analyze the nature of farmers’ restoration decisions, both individually and collectively, in Central Malawi using a mixed-method analysis. We characterize, qualitatively and quantitatively, the underlying contextual rationales, motives, benefits, and incentives. Identified decision-making rules reflect diverse and nuanced goal frames of relative importance that are featured in various combinations. We categorize the decision-making rules as: problem-solving oriented, resource/material-constrained, benefits-oriented, incentive-based, peers/leaders-influenced, knowledge/skill-dependent, altruistic-oriented, rules/norms-constrained, economic capacity-dependent, awareness-dependent, and risk averse-oriented. We link them with the corresponding vegetation- and non-vegetation-based restoration practices to depict the overall decision-making processes. Findings advance the representation of farmers’ decision rules and behavioral responses in computational agent-based modeling (ABM), through the decomposition of empirical data. The approach used can inform other modeling works attempting to better capture social actors’ decision rules. Such LUCC-ABMs are valuable for exploring spatially explicit outcomes of restoration investments by modeling such decision-making processes and policy scenarios.
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Mansori, Shaheen, Meysam Safari, and Zarina Mizam Mohd Ismail. "An analysis of the religious, social factors and income’s influence on the decision making in Islamic microfinance schemes." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 2 (January 2, 2020): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-03-2016-0035.
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Purpose Islamic microfinance schemes are designed and developed with the primary intention of poverty alleviation and fulfillment of the Islamic law requirements. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of religiosity, religious leader’s endorsement, social influence and income on the intention to apply for Islamic microfinance among Muslims in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a public survey to collect primary data from various states in Malaysia. Then, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data set. Findings The results of SEM indicate significant roles for religiosity and religious leader’s endorsement as religion-based factors on intention to apply for microfinance products. Moreover, social influence (peer-pressure) is influential on the financial decision-making process. The authors also examined the moderation effect of gender on these relations and found that females, in comparison to males, tend to be more influenced by religious leader’s endorsement and social influence. On the other hand, male with higher religiosity tend to favour Islamic microfinance products more than females. Originality/value Findings of this study are new in many aspects, most importantly as it sheds light into the role of religiosity and religious leader’s endorsement on the decision-making process in microfinancing services.
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Lu, Fan, Ming Na Wang, Dong Dong Zhang, Zhi Guo Gan, and Bai Sha Weng. "A Multi-Objective Decision-Making Model for Water Demand Management Based on ET Indicator." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2955–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2955.
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This paper aims at comprehensively considering the mutual coupling between available water resources and water consumption in (i) a regional social economy system; (ii) a macro-economy system; and (iii) an ecological environmental system. The main focus is to investigate the impact of controlling the total amount of ET and to be able to utilize water resources efficiently. An analytic model for multi-objective decision making of water demand management based on ET indicator is developed in order to research the strategies and corresponding water demand schemes that are relevant to future objectives for economic development, agricultural development, ET regulation and control, water engineering investment, and water environment management of Beijing. Various scenarios examined in the study indicate the validity of the proposed method in analyzing water demand administrative decisions.
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Gurtoo, Anjula, and Udayaadithya A. "Welfare schemes in India: decentralization dynamics and stakeholder influences." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 34, no. 3/4 (April 8, 2014): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2014-0017.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a background to the special issue on welfare schemes in India. After 25 years of decentralization of governance and structural adjustments implemented in the 1980s and 1990s, have welfare schemes implementation and execution become more accountable and efficient? This paper seeks a critical look at the welfare schemes and its relationship with decentralization and stakeholders’ dynamics. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a review of studies post 1990s. Papers representing all main stakeholders are reviewed, namely, politicians and political parties, bureaucrats, beneficiary, and civil society organizations. The inclusion/exclusion decision for the papers was taken on two criteria: the paper/document had to explicitly investigate decentralization, and had to include welfare scheme as the overall theme under which decentralization was investigated. Findings – The paper summarizes the new complexities in the system. Stakeholder behaviour is driven by several factors external to the traditional social and economic diversities that signify the Indian sub continent. For example, the authors see the lobbying process shifting to the local level, increasing importance of the local politician and the significance of forming local coalitions and partnerships for better resource allocation. Originality/value – The paper attempts to provide an overview by going beyond a critique of development to focus on the perils of operating within a socio-economically complex society.
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DellaVigna, S. "Psychology and Economics: Evidence from the Field. Part III. Nonstandard Decision Making and Market Response." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 6 (June 20, 2011): 82–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2011-6-82-106.
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This third, and the last, part of a larger work devoted to the modern behavioral economics considers nonstandard decision making that is influenced by inattention of economic agents, their preference toward familiar schemes of action, biases and confusion in the choice situations, outside (in particular, social) pressure. Besides, market response to nonstandard behavior in various economic contexts (industrial organization, labor market, financial market, voting) is analyzed. The author also speculates on the future of behavioral economics as a separate discipline.
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Suparno, Suparno, and Tjiptohadi Sawarjuwono. "Skema Transfer Pricing Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan dan Faktor-Faktor yang Terlibat." E-Jurnal Akuntansi 29, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/eja.2019.v29.i02.p21.
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The purposes of this study are to analyze and describe the tax avoidance schemes through transfer pricing and the factors that influence the decision on transfer pricing by mining companies. Data analysis uses qualitative techniques with qualitative data obtained from literature studies from internet sources. The results of the study shows that the transfer pricing schemes carried out by mining companies in general can be divided into two, namely by transferring mining rights to other companies that have special relationships and conducting transactions with companies that have special relationships, with prices agreed to be below the average market price. The results of the study also indicate that the mining company's decision to transfer pricing is influenced by nine factors, namely executive characteristics, leverage, scale of the company as a multinational company, disclosure of social responsibility, capital intensity, institutional ownership, audit committee, audit quality, and information transparency.
Keywords : Transfer Pricing, Tax Avoidance, Mining Companies.
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Lizarralde, Iban, Audrey Abi Akle, Mikhail Hamwi, and Basma Samir. "DEFINITION OF DRIVING FACTORS FOR DESIGNING SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.89.
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AbstractCurrent development of renewable energy systems (RES) is characterised by an increasing participation of citizens in the upstream decision-making process. These citizens can be future users of the RES but also members of a Renewable Energy Community that develop RES. They can be at the same time Renewable Energy producer, investor and consumer. Moreover, several type of businesses and terms are used to cope with social innovations within the energy sector: local renewable projects, sustainable energy communities or community of renewable energy production. So, actors' engagement opens new solutions for designers who are induced to share alternatives before making decisions. They usually impose constraints since the early phases of the design process. This approach implies for designers to consider new criteria related to citizens motivations and barriers. This paper presents a study to define the main factors that drive people to contribute in social innovation schemes for clean-energy transition. After a state of the art, a survey about 6 main factors and 18 criteria is presented. The analysis based on the responses from 34 participants (i.e. experts) reveals 2 most important factors of motivation and 2 principal barrier sources.
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Bao, Yuguang, Xianyu Zhang, Tongtong Zhou, Zhihua Chen, and Xinguo Ming. "Application of Industrial Internet for Equipment Asset Management in Social Digitalization Platform Based on System Engineering Using Fuzzy DEMATEL-TOPSIS." Machines 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10121137.
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In any industry, Equipment Asset Management (EAM) is at the core of the production activities. With the rapid development of Industrial Internet technologies and platforms, the EAM based on the Industrial Internet has become an important development trend. Meanwhile, the paradigm of EAM is changing, from a single machine to integrated systems, from the phase of using them to the end of their lifecycle, from breakdown maintenance to predictive maintenance, and from local decision-making to collaborative optimization. However, because of the lack of a unified understanding of the Industrial Internet platforms (IIPs) and the lack of a comprehensive reference architecture and detailed implementation framework, the implementation of EAM projects will face greater risks according to special needs in different industries. Based on the method of system engineering, this study proposes a general reference model and a reference architecture of implementation for the Industrial Internet Solution for Industrial Equipment Asset Management (I3EAM). Further, to help enterprise to evaluate and select their best-fit I3EAM scheme and platform partner, we proposed a set of performance indicators of I3EAM schemes and a quantitative decision-making method based on fuzzy DEMATEL-TOPSIS. Finally, a case study for an I3EAM in automated container terminals was conducted. In the multi-criteria decision environment with complex uncertainty, the project group identified the I3EAM metrics priorities and social digitalization platforms that were more in line with the actual needs of the automated container terminal and firms. The complexity and time of the decision-making process were dramatically reduced. In terms of feasibility and validity, the decision result was positively verified by the feedback from the enterprise implementation. The given model, architecture, and method in this study can create a certain reference value for various industrial enterprises to carry out the analysis and top-level planning of their I3EAM needs and choose the partner for co-implementation. In addition, the research results of this study have the potential to support the construction of standard systems and the planning and optimization of the cross-domain social platform, etc.
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Lewis, Clive. "The Exhaustion of Alternative Remedies in Administrative Law." Cambridge Law Journal 51, no. 1 (March 1992): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300016792.
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The application for judicial review is the primary means of challenging the legality of action taken by public bodies. Judicial review is not, however, the only avenue by which an individual may challenge a particular decision. Statute may create an appellate machinery to hear appeals against decisions of public bodies. There is a wide variety in the pattern of such schemes. There may be an appeal from a decision to a tribunal or other body, with a further right of appeal on a point of law or by way of case stated to the High Court or the Court of Appeal. Such mechanisms exist in a number of fields, most importantly in the field of revenue law, enforcement notices in planning law, decisions of inferior courts such as magistrates& courts, and social security law. There may be an appeal from a decision to an administrative tribunal or inferior court but with no right of appeal to the High Court, as in certain immigration cases where decisions may be appealed to an adjudicator and from him to the Immigration Appeal Tribunal. There may be an appeal from decisions to an administrative body such as a Secretary of State either with provision for appeal to the courts, as with appeals against refusals of planning permission by local authorities, or without any further right of appeal, as in the case of appeals against disciplinary decisions of chief constables.
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Lotito, Gianna, Matteo Migheli, and Guido Ortona. "Transparency, asymmetric information and cooperation." European Journal of Law and Economics 50, no. 2 (October 2020): 267–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10657-020-09669-z.
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Abstract We inquire experimentally whether asymmetric information in competitive settings and competition per se influence individual social behaviour. Participants perform a task and are remunerated according to two schemes, a non-competitive and a competitive one, then they play a standard public goods game. In the first scheme participants earn a flat remuneration, in the other they are ranked according to their performance and remunerated accordingly. Information about ranking and income before the game is played varies across three different treatments. We find that competition per se does not affect the amount of contribution. The time spent to choose how much to contribute is negatively correlated with the decision of cooperating fully. The main result is that full information about the relative performance in the competitive environment enhances the cooperation, while partial information reduces it.
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Oertlé, Emmanuel, Christoph Hugi, Thomas Wintgens, and Christos Karavitis. "Poseidon—Decision Support Tool for Water Reuse." Water 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010153.
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In an era when many water systems worldwide are experiencing water stress regarding water quantity and quality, water reuse has received growing attention as one of the most promising integrated mitigating solutions. Nevertheless, the plethora of technologies and their combinations available, as well as social, economic, and environmental constraints, often make it complex for stakeholders and especially decision makers to elicit relevant information. The scope of the current study is to develop a decision support tool that supports pre-feasibility studies and aims at promoting water reuse and building capacities in the field. The tool developed currently encompasses 37 unit processes combined into 70 benchmark treatment trains. It also contains information on water quality standards and typical wastewater qualities. It estimates the removal performances for 12 parameters and the lifecycle costs including distribution. The tool and all underlying data are open access and under continuous development. The underlying systemic approach of the tool makes it intuitive also for users with limited prior knowledge in the field to identify most adequate solutions based on a multi-criteria assessment. This should help to promote water reuse and spearhead initiates for more detailed feasibility and design commissioning for implementation of water reuse schemes.
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Peters, James E., and Christopher J. Peters. "The probabilities of winning a racquetball doubles match motivate a fairer side-out scoring scheme for singles and team events." Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports 15, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jqas-2018-0085.
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Abstract We explore the probabilities of winning a best-of-three doubles racquetball match given the probabilities that each of the participants wins a point while serving. We restrict our attention to the cases where these probabilities are between 0.4 and 0.6 for all participants; in other words, the cases where all of the players are moderately evenly matched. In doing so, we find it sensible to suggest changes to the side-out scoring schemes in singles and in team events. These changes would cause each game played to be more fair while preserving the fairness of a match, for which there seems to be adequate impetus.
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Van Swol, Lyn M. "Performance and process in collective and individual memory: The role of social decision schemes and memory bias in collective memory." Memory 16, no. 3 (April 2008): 274–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658210701810187.
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Upite, Inese, and Feliciana Rajevska. "Development of service pension policy in Latvia from 1996 until 2016." SHS Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185103011.
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The government made a decision to terminate the development of the service pension in 1997. However, during 1998–2016 the scope of service pension beneficiaries was extended. Thereby along with the overall social insurance pension system, the social pension scheme has been established and developed for a certain range of people funded by the state budget – the system of the service pension. The aim of the article is to explore the development of the service pension policy during 1996–2016. To accomplish it, in the framework of the study concepts related to the service pensions and the tendencies of reformation of the service pension schemes were studied. The international practice and the experience of several countries were explored, as well as the analysis of legal acts, policy planning papers and statistics was performed. The purpose of the service pension has changed and diversified, moreover, the issues regarding the service pension coverage are promoted by a group of politicians, escaping a wider discussion in public and even in the government.
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Furuya, Takashi, Munenari Inoguchi, Go Urakawa, and Haruo Hayashi. "A Basic Study of Open Space Information as Social Infrastructure for Wide-Range Cooperation in Large-Scale Seismic Disaster." Journal of Disaster Research 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2012.p0190.
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The open space area is necessary for disaster operation such as evacuation, clean-up, and logistics and temporary housing. Tokyo Metropolitan Earthquake will cause enormous damage and have far-reaching consequences. Therefore, local governments have to regulate wide-range cooperation for use of available open space area. In this study, 1) the problem schemes of open space is clarified based on the logistic process of Theory of Constraints, and 2) Geospatial distribution and size of open space area is analyzed quantitatively based on land-use database, 3) the conceptual design of the comprehensive open-space database management system is formulate considering decision-making process.
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ARKANI, SEPIDEH, and ORLA GOUGH. "The Impact of Occupational Pensions on Retirement Age." Journal of Social Policy 36, no. 2 (March 5, 2007): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279406000614.
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This article contributes to the debate about retirement age and the extent to which occupational pensions influence the decision to retire. It uses the waves of Labour Force Survey (1984–91) and Quarterly Labour Force Survey (1992–2003) to review the changes in the actual average retirement age in the UK during the period 1984–2003 by gender and ethnicity. The article investigates the link between occupational pension schemes and the actual retirement age of men and women. It explores the impact of pension type on employees' expected retirement age and the decision to take early retirement using the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing (2002–03).
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Aidonis, Dimitrios, Charisios Achillas, Dimitrios Folinas, Christos Keramydas, and Naoum Tsolakis. "Decision Support Model for Evaluating Alternative Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management Schemes—A Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 18, 2019): 3364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123364.
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Waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is a constantly increasing component of the total volume of municipal solid waste. E-waste streams are expected to continue escalating in the near future. The underlining paradox lies in the fact that end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment constitute a critical waste stream owing to the contained hazardous and toxic elements, but they also present an important source of valuable raw materials. Therefore, identification of alternative scenarios for integrated WEEE management is imperative. To that end, this research develops a methodological approach that focuses on determining the optimal WEEE management scheme, among available alternatives, applicable to the specific case of Greece. In particular, a binary linear programming model is formulated that maximizes the performance of 9 alternative WEEE management scenarios. The mathematical model considers 12 performance assessment criteria identified across financial, technical, social, and environmental dimensions. Priority levels are assigned to each criterion based on the input of 19 involved experts. A range of “what-if” analyses indicate that mechanical recycling of WEEE, in tandem with exporting of residues, is the most efficient e-waste management strategy in the case of Greece. The research findings indicate that the joint cooperation of all stakeholders, together with political will and effectiveness, is required for the integrated WEEE management at a national level.
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Bell, Sarah, and Victoria Aitken. "The socio-technology of indirect potable water reuse." Water Supply 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.104.
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Public acceptability is widely acknowledged as a key factor in the success of indirect potable water reuse (IPR) schemes. Social research has provided useful insights into the factors that influence public attitudes to IPR and guidelines for engaging the public. Recent IPR developments in Australia demonstrate that clear democratic processes for decision making are yet to be devised. The distinction between technology and society which underpins work in this field does not adequately reflect the nature of IPR and limits possibilities for more robust decision making processes. IPR is not simply a technology to be accepted or rejected by society. IPR is a complex socio-technology which cannot exist unless its technologies become embedded in social, institutional, infrastructural and ecological networks. Reconsidering IPR as a complex socio-technology provides a new grounding for devising processes and institutions for decision making. Based on the formulations of Bruno Latour for bringing the sciences into democracy such processes will include four main tasks: 1) Perplexity—identifying propositions to be taken into account; 2) Consultation—evaluating the strength of the propositions; 3) Hierarchy—ordering the propositions into relative merit and importance; and 4) Institution—stabilising the outcomes through appropriate institutions.
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PAIELLA, MONICA, and ANDREA TISENO. "Evaluating the impact on saving of tax-favored retirement plans." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 13, no. 1 (September 23, 2013): 62–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474721300019x.
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AbstractThis paper exploits a recent reform of private pension schemes in Italy to identify the impact on household saving of tax-favored retirement saving plans. The reform was part of the restructuring of the social security system and was aimed at rising private long-term saving by making pension funds more attractive and convenient. We control for unobserved saver heterogeneity and a central focus is on substitution across saving instruments. We find that the pension fund legislation had a strong effect on the allocation of saving and triggered substantial substitution of non-tax-favored non-retirement wealth for tax-favored pension funds. In contrast, we find that it had little, if any effect on household saving flows. Our findings also suggest that the provision of ‘closed’ pension funds might significantly affect the decision to invest in private retirement schemes.
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Hajdu, Anna, Marcos F. Daziano, and Oane Visser. "Institutions and individual values motivating corporate social responsibility activities in large farms and agroholdings." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 24, no. 4 (May 21, 2021): 669–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2020.0103.
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities have been shown to derive from external and internal motivations of a company. Little attention has been given to motivations of managers in large farms and agroholdings to undertake CSR activities thanks to individual values and pressure from institutions. We therefore investigate the types of CSR activities conducted by 18 managers in large farms and agroholdings in Argentina. We underline their perception of social issues and their motivations to do CSR activities. The framework developed in this paper shows that given the lack of pressure from national-level formal and other informal institutions, individual values (informal institutions) and international institutions (certification schemes-formal institutions) carry more weight in managers’ decision to do CSR activities. While some of these motivations have an instrumental background, they overlap with normative motivations that underlie the business activity.