Journal articles on the topic 'Social Conditions – history – Serbia'
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1
Maksimovic, Jovan. "Contribution of physicians from Vojvodina to establishing Health service in Serbia and founding and working of Medical Society of Serbia." Medical review 61, no. 3-4 (2008): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0804191m.
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It was in the middle of the J 8th century, when Serbia started the process of getting independent from the long-lasting period of the Turkish rule, that the necessity for the organized health care emerged. Despite the fact that it had not existed before, the process advanced rather quickly regarding the contemporary political, social and cultural conditions and the Medical Society of Serbia (MSS) was founded in Belgrade on the 22nd of April, 1872. Although it is known that the doctors from Vojvodina, which was an integral part of Austria of that time, contributed significantly to establishing both the civil and military medical service, this period of our medical history has neither been searched enough nor published in one piece. The author of this paper points out four characteristic activity segments through which the doctors from Vojvodina gave their contribution. An important role in health education and promotion of health culture in the still vassal Serbia was played by the doctors from Vojvodina and popular educators at the very beginnings of the health journalism in Serbian which reached Serbia from Austria. Somewhat later the doctors of Vojvodina went to Serbia to contribute to the establishment and promotion of the civil and military medical services and to take an active part in the Inaugural Meeting and the forthcoming activities of the Medical Society of Serbia. They were also among the initiators and first teachers at the Medical Faculty in Belgrade. This paper highlights and encircles a very important period of our national health culture history by analyzing thoroughly the four above mentioned segments of activities and their protagonists.
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Rasevic, Mirjana, and Katarina Sedlecki. "Gynecologists and the abortion issue in Serbia." Stanovnistvo 45, no. 1 (2007): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0701033r.
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Traditional inefficient contraception, incorporated to a large extent in the system of values, has become a natural part of sexual relations in Serbia and represents a rational preventive choice from the individual standpoint. However, when pregnancy is unwanted or cannot be accepted out of any reasons abortion is used as a resort. For this reason there is a long history of a large number of abortions in Serbia. Research findings in our country identify the following, as the most important factors for not accepting modern values in this sphere: traditional contraception and abortion have a firm social confirmation; there is a trans-generational transfer of psychological resistance towards the use of combined oral contraception pills and intrauterine devices; sexual education has never become a natural way of growing up in the family, nor is a constituent part of school programs and that distinct obstacles of various nature exist regarding contraception availability. A developed network of various types of family planning counseling is an important determinant of the accessibility of contraceptive means and methods. There are, however, numerous conditions which have to be fulfilled in order for the contraception counseling services to function properly. Among them, motivated personnel who acquired general and specific knowledge for work in this field are an especially important prerequisite. This theoretical assumption opens the question -whether gynecologists represent an important factor of slow transition of birth control in Serbia? We searched for the answer in the research analyses obtained through two in-depth surveys which either had to do with this theme or tried to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of gynecologists. The first research regarding the determination of the causes for a large number of abortions in our country, was directed towards women who decided on abortion. Gynecologists were the target group in the second research which was KAP type. The results of both researches clearly indicate that gynecologists generally observed, contribute to maintaining the abortion culture and slow transition of birth control from the use of traditional contraception to reliance on modern contraception means and methods in Serbia. Namely, a significant number of gynecologists in our country are at variance with the principals of modern family planning. Their knowledge, attitudes and practice relevant for individual contraceptive choices are insufficient, conservative and inadequate. Thus, there is a necessity for special education of doctors especially gynecologists, at all levels from the basic studies, through specialists ones, to special target courses, seminars, symposiums and conferences. Knowledge acquisition, as the basic element of consciousness can affect formation of standpoints, motivation, promote responsibility and create the requirement for promoting a different system of values and philosophy of living in the sphere of reproductive health.
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Milojević, Milica. "Re-conceptualization of the idea of neighborhood in post-socialist Belgrade." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 1, no. 1 (2009): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj0901045m.
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Understanding the concept of collective form is of particular interest for re-conceptualization of the idea of neighborhood in post-socialist Belgrade. After the experiences of the socialist community, Belgrade is facing the issue of social atomization and numerous manifestations of the culture of distrust. These conditions in which the duties towards the others are not recognized for the sake of one's own sustain Thomas Hobbes defines as an issue of the wrong reason. In the region of Serbia the problem of wrong reason has its own history. Its fragments are found in the modern urbanization of the cities in Serbia, at the neighborhood level - shaped by the tension between the power directives and the desire of the ordinary people. According to the principle of reciprocity, based on the criteria of functional orientation, attractiveness and connectivity of group form elements, considering the presence of the culture of distrust, the intention of this article is to initiate discussion on proposed terminology and to reveal the key points for transformation of the dwelling community concept into neighborhood concept.
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Martynova, Marina Yuryevna. "HUNGARIANS IN VOJVODINA: IDENTITY IN THE FOCUS OF DEMOGRAPHY, POLITICS AND CULTURE." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 16, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2022-16-3-528-540.
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The object of the author's study is Hungarians in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina of the Republic of Serbia at the present stage of history. The aim of the article is to identify the qualitative parameters of the maintenance and development of the identity of this ethnic group in the conditions of living outside the "parent" state. The study focuses on several thematic blocks as important indicators of the functioning of ethnicity in this sector of the population. It provides a demographic portrait of Vojvodina Hungarians, highlights legislative guarantees of ethnic minority rights and other forms of state support in the country of residence, and provides information on the social and political activity, as well as cultural, educational and awareness-raising activities of Hungarians in Serbia, primarily in Vojvodina. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of the autonomous structure of the province. The socio-anthropological analytical approach to the analysis of empirical material allows one to reach the level of theoretical generalization, to identify the role of state borders as a factor of influence not only on the civil identity, but also on the formation of cultural and everyday features of diaspora groups as a result of constant contacts with ethnically foreign neighbors. The author provides evidence of the high level of development of Serbia's legal framework in terms of maintaining cultural diversity in the country, creating a wide range of social and domestic conditions necessary to maintain and develop ethnic identity among national minorities, including Hungarians. At the same time, the data from the censuses of various years in Serbia show a gradual decrease in the number of Hungarians in recent decades. The negative trend is explained by their low fertility, as well as by the migratory mobility of the inhabitants of Vojvodina, for economic and other reasons, which are often not directly related to identity issues. Moreover, Hungarian identity becomes an additional resource in the choice of the most promising life strategies of the younger generation.
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Vukčević, Nemanja. "Geopolitical Aspect of Migration in the Post-Yugoslavian Chronotope: a Historical Sociology Approach." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2020, no. 4 (January 12, 2021): 454–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2020-5-4-454-467.
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Migration processes are complex phenomena. They are consequences of international political movements and power redistribution, which makes it possible to study them in their geopolitical aspect. The article contains a detailed review of historical sociology, substantiated by geopolitical examples from Ancient Rome, Byzantium, Ottoman Empire, World Wars I and II, etc., against the post-Yugoslavian chronotope. The research was based on the methods of historical sociology, as well on the principle of unity of logic and history. The author drew analogies between the abovementioned historical events and the contemporary migration crisis in post-Yugoslavian countries in order to forecast its possible outcome and prevent a social collision. The paper focuses mostly on the case of the Republic of Serbia. Migration management should take into account that history repeats itself: if certain conditions always produce the same result, it is only logical to expect this result next time the same conditions occur. In sociology, this approach remains poorly represented, even though it can produce reliable and long-term solutions in migration management, unlike short-term and superficial ad hoc measures. Previous decisions have led to the ghettoization of migrants, which threatens to escalate into a social conflict. Therefore, achievements of historical sociology can offer a new approach to this problem.
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Ćorović, Dragana. "The Garden City concept: From theory to implementation: Case study: Professors' Colony in Belgrade." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 1, no. 1 (2009): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj0901065q.
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This paper presents a part of the town-planning history of the capital of Serbia - Belgrade. The subject of the research* is the analysis of the application of Ebenezer Howard's Garden City Concept in Belgrade in the third decade of the twentieth century. Special attention was devoted to the urban discourse in the first decades of the last century. The narrower referential framework of this work focuses on investigating the urban growth and development of Belgrade in the first decades of the twentieth century. In Belgrade there are dwelling quarters that were created in the period between the World Wars as a direct consequence of the implementation of the Garden City Concept. One of the basic thesis of this work elaborates the modes of the genesis of one of them - the Professors' Colony, and seeks to distinguish specific applications of the Garden City Concept in relation to Belgrade's specific social conditions.
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Popović, Jovan P. "Normative Regulation: Significance, Place, Roles and Protection of Private Archival Material and Private Archives with a View on the Regulation in the Republic of Serbia and Montenegro." Atlanti 28, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.28.1.167-178(2018).
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In addition to public-state archives, as a rule, there are private and special archives in each state. The laws regulate who their founder is, what conditions are necessary for the establishment and operation of the archives, what governing bodies are and what their competencies are. In the period of transition, in the countries of socialist organization, there was a real „boom“ for purchasing companies, when state and social ownership was transitioning into private. A large number of companies experienced bankruptcy and liquidation institutes. However, the achival material of these subjects remained normatively unprotected. In this paper, the author deals with short legal definitions and the history of the creation of private archives at the time and after transitional relations, on the territory of the former Yugoslavia, with a special emphasis on the legal arrangements in the states of Serbia and Montenegro, with the aim of regulating the laws and by-laws protection and use of this material as closely as possible.
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Iskenderov, Petr. "Idea of the Balkan Federation: past and present." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 05 (May 1, 2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202105statyi26.
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The article is devoted to the main aspects of the problem of creating of the Balkan Federation. The author pays particular attention to the views of Serbian Social Democrats. The author concludes that the idea mentioned-above is in demand in modern conditions.
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Iskenderov, Petr. "Economic aspects of the Balkan integration." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 12-3 (December 1, 2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202012statyi56.
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The article is devoted to the main aspects of the problem of economic integration in the Balkans. The main focus is on the idea of a Balkan Federation promoted by Serbian Social Democrats. The author concludes that such models are in demand in modern conditions.
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Hafsah Ayaz Qureshi and Amirah Sami. "قوموں کے عروج وزوال کے اسباب اور محرکات :اسلام کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ." International Research Journal on Islamic Studies (IRJIS) 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.54262/irjis.04.01.u08.
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The study of the Qur’ān, Sunnah and History reveals that nature holds the same conditions for the rising and fall of nations. The reasons or causes of downfall and rise which were applicable for Jews and Christians are endorsed for Ummah of Muhammad (S.A.W). The same principles are followed for believers and non-believers. The rules of the Qur’ān are till the Day of Judgment. In the present era, Muslims are in the worst condition; at the national and international levels. The collapse of Baghdad and the Ottoman Empire, Muslim’s condition in Palestine and Kashmir, the genocide of Muslims in Bosnia, Kosovo, Serbia, Burma or Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria, all show decline of Muslims. Muslims are not in power and authority. Muslim riots arose in India and Libya. Muslims are tested and tried. This article found the reasons for nations’ downfall and also brought forward the causes of the rising of nations. No doubt that many moral, social, economic, political, demographic, and historical factors are responsible for the decline of nations. This article analytically studies reasons for the deterioration and escalation of nations which are mentioned in Qur’ān, Sunnah and History and established a cause-and-effect relationship between the various historical events to propose a remedy for the malaise of Nation.
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Dukić-Mijatović, Marijana, and Ozren Uzelac. "Origin and legal regulation of the second chance for entrepreneurs in the European Union." Strani pravni zivot, no. 1 (2021): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spz65-28236.
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In the history of human civilization, there has always been the problem of overindebtedness and personal bankruptcy, as well as the tendency to protect such persons to some extent from excessive sanctions or the consequences of their insolvency. Benevolence towards the debtor is limited by the existence of conditions of conscientiousness and honesty of the debtor in all legal systems, while the amount of debt forgiveness is different. Debt relief and providing a new chance to the entrepreneur is a kind of systemic social measure that should ensure the employment of the individual and his family, but also to ensure the continuity of the capitalist system. It is noticeable that benevolence towards the debtor through debt relief was a characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon jurisdictions, while the regulations of the states of legal systems based on Roman law were traditionally oriented in the opposite direction. Although the Republic of Serbia has regulated the matter of bankruptcy and reorganization, in many parts under the EU Directive on reorganization and bankruptcy from June 2019, it has not been the case with the area of the second chance for the entrepreneur and the possibility of debt release, so it will be necessary to adjust national regulations of bankruptcy. In this paper, the authors analyze the origin of debt forgiveness in case of entrepreneur bankruptcy through history and theories, and select the comparative law and provisions of the EU Directive on reorganization and bankruptcy which regulate the second chance for entrepreneurs, as well as the purpose and measures that preceded the adoption of this Directive. Another important possibility for insolvent entrepreneurs is their personal administration with bankruptcy estate during the process of reorganization. Entrepreneurs' personal administration is regulated by bankruptcy legislation in various ways in comparative legal systems, and in Serbian law, it had been regulated for the first time by the Bankruptcy Procedure Act of 2004, but repealed by the Bankruptcy Act in 2009. Taking into account its importance for the national bankruptcy law, Serbian legal theory has already given the reasons due to which it is necessary to reintroduce the institute of personal administration of debtors into domestic bankruptcy law. On the other hand, sole debt release in Serbian law comes into effect at the moment the creditor declares to the debtor that he will not ask for the fulfillment of the debt and the debtor agrees with that, and such an agreement is made in writing. Debt release is a possibility provided in the Agreed Financial Restructuring Act 2015 that creditor and debtor may use during the process of reorganization, provided they reach an agreement to that end.
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Mandic, Milan, and Natasa Rancic. "Risk factors for stroke." Medical review 64, no. 11-12 (2011): 600–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1112600m.
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Introduction. Stroke is the third cause of mortality both in men and in women throughout the world. In Serbia, stroke is the first cause of mortality in women older than 55 years of age and the second cause of death in men of the same age. Both ischemic heart diseases and ischemic stroke correlate with the same predisposing, potentially modifiable risk factors (hypertension, abnormal blood lipids and lipoproteins, cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes mellitus). Stroke does not usually occur on its own. Patients with stroke have a high prevalence of associated medical problems. These conditions may predict the stroke (?preexisting conditions?), occur for the first time after stroke (?post-stroke complications?), or present as manifestations of preexisting medical conditions after stroke. Risk factors. Risk factors for stroke are divided into the three groups: risk factors which cannot be influenced on such as: age, gender, positive family history of stroke, race; those which are modifiable such as: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking cigarettes, obesity, physical inactivity and the third group consists of potential risk factors for stroke (consumption of alcohol, hormones, changes in fibrinolysis, changes in blood. Conclusion. Stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability and premature death of both men and women. Consequently, stroke survivors are often handicapped and doomed to sedentary lifestyle which restrains performance of activities of daily living, increases the risk for falls, and may contribute to a higher risk for recurrent stroke and cardiovascular disease. Prevention of stroke is still a great medical and social problem. Further studies are required to investigate potential risk factors for the occurrence of stroke as well as the measures of primary and secondary prevention.
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Kostic, Nemanja. "A case study of the shaping of premodern Serbian ethnicity through saints, martyrs and heroes of the folk epics: Ethno-symbolic approach." Sociologija 58, no. 4 (2016): 578–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1604578k.
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By applying ethno-symbolist approach in studying premodern ethnic community shaping, this article analyzes the role of the most important saintly, martyr and heroic figures of the Serbian folk epics in development of the Serbian ethnicity up to the nineteenth century. This symbolic content was viewed through the prism of the theoretical concept of ethno-history, i.e. as a part of a complex ethnic narrative which contains different parts of myths and historical memories of members of an ethnie. Special attention was given to explanation of social conditions which were, in historical perspective, defining character of collective memory of premodern Serbs. Findings of the researches showed that epic characters of Prince Lazar, Milos Obilic, and Prince Marko, as well as protagonists of poems about Serbian battles against Ottoman Empire from the beginning of the nineteenth century, originated as a result of different group interests and needs initiated by political, cultural and economic features of the time when the poetry was made. By the same token, historical role of the Serbian church, as well as the influence of centuries of social subordination of the members of Serbian ethnic community during the Ottoman reign. Findings of this analysis leads to a conclusion that building of an ethnical identity, as a rule, is not a linear and spontaneous process, marked with continual accumulation of memories, and its development is defined with the moments of collective forgetting, much needed for the survival of the group.
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Mahmutćehajić, Rusmir. "Antisuverenizam, dimenzija ideologijskog antibosanstva / Antisouverenism, the Ideological Anti-Bosnianism's Dimension." Pregled: časopis za društvena pitanja / Periodical for social issues 63, no. 1 (June 6, 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.48052/19865244.2022.1.1.
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Within the historical, cultural and political Bosnian people’s subjectivity, there is a constant possibility of its awareness in relation to the sovereign, territorially complete and politically independent Bosnian state. And the plan to prevent or destroy that is the essential content of the ethnonational teleologies of Serbs and Croats in which Bosnia and its people were considered only the means for the final achievement of ethnonational goals. That is why the ideology of anti-Bosnianism is an important content of ethnonational teleologies of Serbs and Croats. Although it changes forms, its essence lasts throughout the history of ethnonationalism. From tracking and studying the traces of various forms of ethnonational anti-Bosnianism through history, culture and politics, clues leading to the genocide that took place and weighed, from deciphering the mental states of both those who committed the crime and those suffering them, a question arises: which dimension of that complex phenomena most often eludes understanding and is left without a clear name? The name anti- overeignty seems to clearly reflect the core of that dimension in the semantic field of anti-Bosnian ideology. That name befits the mainstream ethnonational teleologies of Serbs and Croats in their relations to the possibilities of political awareness of the Bosnian people in its sovereign state. But the same name befits the essential contents of the state ideologies of Serbia and Croatia in their relations with the state sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina, territorial integrity and political independence. Until these states recognize both de jure and de facto that Bosnia and Herzegovina's state sovereignty is as the same as theirs, and even more than that, there will not and cannot be harmonization of relations between them and the establishment of living conditions that would be persistently improved in politics. It means in reconciling conflicting interests towards the common good. When we say “more than that,” it means that Bosnia and Herzegovina's social pluralism, long threatened by Serbian and Croatian hegemony, must be protected as a political principle and as a condition for overcoming geopolitical insecurity in the European territory to which these countries belong. The state of Bosnia and Herzegovina is not the cause of that insecurity. These are the destructive attitudes of Serbian and Croatian political and cultural elites towards it. The framework of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, its history, culture and politics are long-lasting. And the constitutional rule in it, in the modern sense of the term, was established after World War II. The foundation of the current Bosnian order is the constitution adopted and guaranteed within the broadest framework of international law. However, it should be understood in the long history of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the history of defending and denying the various constitutional arrangements that preceded it. That constitution is neither the beginning nor the end of the development of constitutional rule in that state. All efforts to defend and deny the historical duration of Bosnian culture and politics, as well as constitutional rule, are the basis for answering the question: Why are neither the current nor any future constitutional order inseparable from Bosnian history, culture and politics?
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Mitrovic, Milovan. "The Serbian idea in an era of confused historical consciousness." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 134 (2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1134001m.
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This paper, represents a hypothetical consideration of the phenomenology of the Serbian national idea, within the traumatic circumstances of the breakup of the Yugoslav state at the end of the 20th century, when the Serbian national issue was reopened in an exceptionally unfavorable geopolitical context for the Serbian people. The author specifically analyzes the ideological and political factors behind the Serbian confusion with the theoretical framework of Agnes Heller's critical interpretation of history, which speaks of the 'confusion of historical consciousness' that began with World War I and was magnified by the Holocaust, Hiroshima, the Gulag and the European concentration camps. The author of this article adds the great Powers' Balkan interventions during the world wars to their dishonorable historical legacy, ending with their role in the creation and the breakup of Yugoslavia, at the expense of the Serbian people. The conclusion contains an appeal for a more rational national self-consciousness, founded in positive Serbian tradition and real insights into the social conditions that determine the processes in today's Serbian society and its environment.
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Ljajić, Samir, and Nikola Dojčinović. "PRESENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY IN THE SERBIAN PRESS." MEDIA STUDIES AND APPLIED ETHICS 2, no. 1 (October 8, 2020): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/msae.2.2020.06.
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One’s attention is directed to the events, phenomena, personalities and social groups present in the media. How they are perceived depends on media presentation and representation, which implies media representations of events, phenomena, identities, social groups. Through them, the media can shape public opinion, refer to or restrict stereotypical and discriminatory attitudes in society. One of the fundamental conditions for combating discrimination is equal participation of women in the media world, i.e. the equal presence of women and men in the media. The paper investigates the presence of women in the following daily newspapers: Politika, Danas, Blic, and Večernje novosti on International Women’s Day, with special reference to the method of reporting on this holiday. The theoretical part of the paper includes a chapter on the social status of women throughout history, outlining some of the factors for the inferior position of women that contributed to the creation of stereotypes about women. Then, attention is paid to stereotypes about women, dominant patterns of reporting on women in the media, as well as the importance of the holiday and its historical origin. The interpretation of previous research in published scientific papers can also be found in the theoretical part. The second part of the paper includes the quantitative and qualitative research results. Finally, the results are summarized, which leads to the conclusion.
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Jacob, Robert. "Le meurtre du seigneur dans la société féodale. La mémoire, le rite, la fonction." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 45, no. 2 (April 1990): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1990.278836.
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La révolte est un phénomène des plus instructifs pour la compréhension de la nature, du fonctionnement et de l'évolution des ordres juridiques. La contestation d'un pouvoir, lorsqu'elle émane collectivement de ceux qui y sont soumis, révèle toujours ses défaillances en même temps qu'elle perturbe les conditions de son exercice. Parfois, elle en modifie les structures et les règles : elle est alors source de droit. Aussi maintes disciplines juridiques ont-elles attaché un grand prix à son étude. On imagine à peine aujourd'hui ce que serait une théorie du droit du travail qui ferait l'économie d'une théorie de la grève. Cependant, des secteurs entiers des sciences du droit s'obstinent encore à lui tourner le dos. Souvent confrontée au phénomène, l'histoire du droit et des institutions du Moyen Age l'a souvent contournée, se satisfaisant d'une représentation statique de la hiérarchie des puissances, comme si l'on pouvait toujours présupposer la passivité des dépendants, comme si les moments de révolte, par nature étrangers au juridique, n'étaient susceptibles que d'une histoire sociale, économique, d'une histoire des mentalités.
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Vučetić, Radina, and Olga Manojlović Pintar. "Social History in Serbia: The Association for Social History." East Central Europe 34-35, no. 1-2 (2008): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-0340350102023.
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This review essay provides a brief overview of the research and publication activity of the Udruženje za društvenu istoriju/Association for Social History, an innovative scholarly organization established in 1998 in Belgrade, Serbia. The association promotes research on social history in modern South-Eastern Europe, with a focus on former Yugoslavia, and publishes scientific works and historical documents. The driving force behind the activity of the association is a group of young social historians gathered around Professor Andrej Mitrović, at the University of Belgrade. Prof. Mitrović’s work on the “social history of culture” has provided a scholarly framework for a variety of new works dealing with issues of modernization, history of elites, history of ideas, and the diffuse relationship between history and memory. Special attention is given to the Association’s journal, Godišnjak za društvenu istoriju/Annual for Social History, which published studies on economic history, social groups, gender issue, cultural history, modernization, and the history of everyday life in the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. Methodologically routed in social history, these research projects are interdisciplinary, being a joint endeavor of sociologists, art historians, and scholars of visual culture.
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Lazić, Mladen. "Social Stratification Changes in Serbia. An Introduction." Südosteuropa 68, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2020-0023.
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AbstractIn this introduction, the author contextualises the research into social stratification in Serbia as a long-term project on the transformation of class structure in that country. The researchers in this project have established how the systemic transformation in Serbia unfolded, doubly conditioned by the more general European processes of postsocialist transformation and the specific conditions in Serbia. The surveys on representative samples of the adult population in the whole of Serbia were conducted in 2003/2004, 2012 and 2018. The author lays out the methodological basis andthe contents of the studies included in the special issue.
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Peno, Vesna, and Ivana Vesic. "Serbian еcclesiastical chanting for the glory of god and in the service of the nation." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 164 (2017): 651–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1764651p.
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Shaped in complex social circumstances and in accordance with the postulates of baroque historicism, Serbian ecclesial art has expressed clear tendency toward nationalization of Serbian religious identity during the 18th century. Due to general musical illiteracy of the clerics, the real conditions for the development of chanting art in Serbian Church were nonexistent. However, by the end of 18th and at the beginning of the 19th century the myth of authentic Serbian national Church singing, being the result of special ?Serbian folk piety?, was established. The construction of Serbian Church chanting tradition was primarily initialized by the growing distance from Greek psalmody in Serbian worship. In other words, because there was no historically relevant form of singing, the ancient singing of Fruska Gora and Krusedol, i.e. the singing of Karlovci, had to be constructed as an antithesis to Byzantine- Greek musical tradition. By comparing historical facts and critically reading the narrative of the origins of national Church music in the time of Metropolitan Stefan Stratimirovic of Karlovci, a new interpretation of common stereotype about Serbian musical reform and its main protagonists was produced. This paper offers an original analysis of the origin of: 1) the singing of Fruska Gora, in the context of the belief that Fruska Gora, with its monasteries which preserved the memory of the golden age of Serbian history, are sacred spaces - Serbian Mount Athos; as well as 2) the singing of Karlovci, where was the centre of Metropolitanate of Karlovci and first Ecclesiastical Seminary which was connected the ungrounded belief that it was nursery of a magnificent form of church chanting by the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century. This paper, also for the first time, pointed the relationship between the monasteries of Fruska Gora, as Serbian sacred spaces of great importance for national identity, and their abbots Dimitrije Krestic, Dionisije Cupic and Jerotej Mutibaric, who were, according to oral tradition, the creators of singing of Karlovci. The adequate music and historical sources that would offer us an insight into the process of musical reform that was conducted by them do not exist, but their contributions in constituting national self-awareness and ?Serbian piety? are well known and documented. In conclusion, by the end of the 18th and the beginning of 19th century, but also during the entire century of ?nationalism(s)?, the prayers in Serbian Church were chanted for the glory of God, although with a clear tendency to emancipate a new religious identity of Serbian people. However, the catholic ecclesial spirit of Tradition was repressed in order to fulfill the goals of ideology of religious nationalism.
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Pavicevic, Olivera, and Biljana Simeunovic-Patic. "Serbia and (anti)heroes." Sociologija 47, no. 2 (2005): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0502161p.
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The paper considers a development and social meaning of social heroes, as well as the substance, functions and dichotomies of heroism, with particular view on those conditions in a social system that enable and facilitate a mutual approximation and symbolic and functional alternation of its diverse categories. The situation in Serbia during the last two decades was particularly the object of attention in an attempt to fortify the assumption that extreme turbulent processes inside the social space, followed by willing and substantial antisocial activity of certain favorably positioned groups, as well as by specific processing of social reality by those unfavorably positioned, "ordinary" people, make possible the conversion of classic antiheroes into social heroes.
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Vukotic-Lazar, Marta, and Mirjana Roter-Blagojevic. "The First National Hygiene Exposition in Belgrade in 1933." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, no. 00 (2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh210429030v.
Full textAbstract:
The paper is about the First National Hygiene Exposition in Belgrade in 1933. It was one of the most significant events and an important part of the cultural policy in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia at that time. It was also the last one in a series of great events under the high patronage of King Alexander I Karadjordjevic. In order to make research in the novelties the exposition introduced, the thus far unpublished archival material has been studied along with the situation drawings of the complex and the restaurant, photo documentation and the exposition presentation in the newspapers of the time, as well as the published material. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the significance of the exposition, its dominant health and education concept with regard to social improvements for the benefit of the general public, all in the context of the period and under conditions it was organized. The paper also aims at presenting a comprehensive view of the exposition impact on the history of the Serbian and Yugoslav medicine, as well as the modernization of the society on the whole. The paper also includes the hitherto unpublished archival material, plans, photographs, brochures' front pages and so on.
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Cseh, Fruzsina. "Käsitööoskus väljasuremise äärel: ratassepa käsitööoskuste kadumine / A craft on the brink of extinction: The loss of the wheelwright’s craf." Studia Vernacula 10 (November 5, 2019): 46–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2019.10.46-65.
Full textAbstract:
Taking into consideration the lives of the craftsmen, as influenced by the changing social and economic conditions and being aware of their memories, is beneficial not only for understanding the technical aspects of wheeler’s craft but also for following the loss of workmanship in their biographies and attitude. During my fieldwork in the settlements of Northeastern and Eastern Hungary and Bácska (Serbia) between 2006 and 2011, I focused on former wheelwrights working in the handicraft industry.
Studying the loss of knowledge raises new questions regarding the research methodology of disappearing craft and sometimes incomplete knowledge, compared to an active and living craft. In narratives that are collected decades after the craft has disappeared, some aspects of it are emphasised, while otheraspects are considered less significant by the wheelwrights. It depends on how the craftsmen’s attitudes and values were influenced by their experiences in the past 30–40 years. In the analysis, the immediate surroundings that determine one’s choices and means of adaptation have to be taken into account.
The process of losing craft incorporates different memories and experiences in the case of each individual master. The loss of memory takes much more time – fifty to ninety years – than the loss of practice. This process is worth following, as the ways the craftsmen have lost their knowledge also says a lot about wheeler craft, but also about the varied range of values and social relations of craftsmen.
L. G. and P. L. were born and lived in Bükk Mountains. Due to forest wood works, everybody knew the forest and the different species of trees well, and the carriage industry, as well as the growing mining industry later on, provided enough employment opportunities for those that did not specialise in agriculture or animal husbandry. When the demand for the wheelwrights’ products decreased, they could find a job in mines, working parallel at home, too, using their original craft expertise. It was mainly the co-operative farms that offered employment opportunities for the wheelwright from Tiszaigar (Great Hungarian Plain) after the decline of the craft, as here beside industry, agriculture and animal husbandry were more significant than in the mountain regions. The fourth informant, P. B. was born in Törökszentmiklós (a town with ca 10,000 inhabitants) into a wheeler dynasty. However, he never practiced his profession actively. His family of wheelwrights had a significant past in the craft and consequently more properties and social fame. Since the other three wheelwrights came from peasant families and to them craftsmanship meant an advancement on social level, for P. B., the next step in the social hierarchy was the diploma. P. B.’s high social status, which he achieved in the community through his political career, connects with the historic status of his family of handicraftsmen. Therefore, in this case, the prestige related to the profession is based not on the wheelwright’s expertise as a craftsman but on the family’s history and on his own political career.
The craftsmen who had once practiced their profession actively have not yet lost their knowledge; they have, however, lost some social relationships, and their roles in the community have also changed. The master—apprentice relationship disappeared, along with all the rules; there is no longer any respect for a good master or good apprentice, and the milieu in which the craftsmen identified themselves is nowhere to be found. Also gone is the craftsman—customer relationship, which consisted of deals, reliability, assistance to each other, and just a general knowledge of people. Although all of these were lost after the practice had been abandoned, the expertise will be lost much later than the values and social interactions that accompany it.
As the demand for wheelwrighting and several other crafts disappeared in the second half of the 20th century, the values created by small peasant communities and subscribed to by all honest craftsmen lost their validity under the new social and economical circumstances. These values were the prestige of craftsmanship, emphasised by the number of the apprentices and assistants, the independent workshop, the knowledge and the social roles.
The process of loss can be grasped also through still existing or incomplete sets of tools. The once-essential tools and models gradually disappeared from the mechanised workshops and were replaced by machines in workshops still in use. In the only workshop where I found almost every tool, all of them were in effect part of an exhibition space. Even if the tools disappear physically, they play an important role in recollections. Their former use symbolised the expertise, the „true“ craft that had not yet utilised machines. The examination of loss, cessation, i.e., change, draws our attention to the fact that the history of the wheelwrighting industry also includes the last decade when craftsmen used machines, and all the more so since, technical innovations were partly what led to the loss of the craft.
Keywords: wheelwright, loss, craftsmanship, skill, toolset, social relationships, biography study
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Cseh, Fruzsina. "Käsitööoskus väljasuremise äärel: ratassepa käsitööoskuste kadumine / A craft on the brink of extinction: The loss of the wheelwright’s craf." Studia Vernacula 10 (November 5, 2019): 46–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2019.10.46-65.
Full textAbstract:
Taking into consideration the lives of the craftsmen, as influenced by the changing social and economic conditions and being aware of their memories, is beneficial not only for understanding the technical aspects of wheeler’s craft but also for following the loss of workmanship in their biographies and attitude. During my fieldwork in the settlements of Northeastern and Eastern Hungary and Bácska (Serbia) between 2006 and 2011, I focused on former wheelwrights working in the handicraft industry.
Studying the loss of knowledge raises new questions regarding the research methodology of disappearing craft and sometimes incomplete knowledge, compared to an active and living craft. In narratives that are collected decades after the craft has disappeared, some aspects of it are emphasised, while otheraspects are considered less significant by the wheelwrights. It depends on how the craftsmen’s attitudes and values were influenced by their experiences in the past 30–40 years. In the analysis, the immediate surroundings that determine one’s choices and means of adaptation have to be taken into account.
The process of losing craft incorporates different memories and experiences in the case of each individual master. The loss of memory takes much more time – fifty to ninety years – than the loss of practice. This process is worth following, as the ways the craftsmen have lost their knowledge also says a lot about wheeler craft, but also about the varied range of values and social relations of craftsmen.
L. G. and P. L. were born and lived in Bükk Mountains. Due to forest wood works, everybody knew the forest and the different species of trees well, and the carriage industry, as well as the growing mining industry later on, provided enough employment opportunities for those that did not specialise in agriculture or animal husbandry. When the demand for the wheelwrights’ products decreased, they could find a job in mines, working parallel at home, too, using their original craft expertise. It was mainly the co-operative farms that offered employment opportunities for the wheelwright from Tiszaigar (Great Hungarian Plain) after the decline of the craft, as here beside industry, agriculture and animal husbandry were more significant than in the mountain regions. The fourth informant, P. B. was born in Törökszentmiklós (a town with ca 10,000 inhabitants) into a wheeler dynasty. However, he never practiced his profession actively. His family of wheelwrights had a significant past in the craft and consequently more properties and social fame. Since the other three wheelwrights came from peasant families and to them craftsmanship meant an advancement on social level, for P. B., the next step in the social hierarchy was the diploma. P. B.’s high social status, which he achieved in the community through his political career, connects with the historic status of his family of handicraftsmen. Therefore, in this case, the prestige related to the profession is based not on the wheelwright’s expertise as a craftsman but on the family’s history and on his own political career.
The craftsmen who had once practiced their profession actively have not yet lost their knowledge; they have, however, lost some social relationships, and their roles in the community have also changed. The master—apprentice relationship disappeared, along with all the rules; there is no longer any respect for a good master or good apprentice, and the milieu in which the craftsmen identified themselves is nowhere to be found. Also gone is the craftsman—customer relationship, which consisted of deals, reliability, assistance to each other, and just a general knowledge of people. Although all of these were lost after the practice had been abandoned, the expertise will be lost much later than the values and social interactions that accompany it.
As the demand for wheelwrighting and several other crafts disappeared in the second half of the 20th century, the values created by small peasant communities and subscribed to by all honest craftsmen lost their validity under the new social and economical circumstances. These values were the prestige of craftsmanship, emphasised by the number of the apprentices and assistants, the independent workshop, the knowledge and the social roles.
The process of loss can be grasped also through still existing or incomplete sets of tools. The once-essential tools and models gradually disappeared from the mechanised workshops and were replaced by machines in workshops still in use. In the only workshop where I found almost every tool, all of them were in effect part of an exhibition space. Even if the tools disappear physically, they play an important role in recollections. Their former use symbolised the expertise, the „true“ craft that had not yet utilised machines. The examination of loss, cessation, i.e., change, draws our attention to the fact that the history of the wheelwrighting industry also includes the last decade when craftsmen used machines, and all the more so since, technical innovations were partly what led to the loss of the craft.
Keywords: wheelwright, loss, craftsmanship, skill, toolset, social relationships, biography study
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Bubalo, Đorđe. "The Era of Dušan’s Code." Slovene 4, no. 2 (2015): 119–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.2.6.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing on the structure and contents of the extant manuscripts of Dušan’s Code, this paper attempts roughly to outline the history of its application and changes from the time of its promulgation in 1349 and revision in 1353–1354, a process that continued to the end of the 18th century. The scarce evidence about the application of the Code has been preserved in some charters issued by the emperors Dušan and Uroš, but since the 15th century the only evidence about its application is found in new copies or in the changes in its structure and in the phrasing of certain stipulations. The production of copies similar to the original version continued simultaneously with the revisions, with all sharing a single trait: the coalescence of Dušan’s Code with its codicological environment, whose first and fixed layer included the abbreviated Syntagma of Matthew Blastares and the so-called Code of Justinian. Along with these, other ecclesiastical-legal compositions were also copied, which suggests that the extant copies of Dušan’s Code were used in ecclesiastical courts or for the clergy’s everyday service needs. The signs suggesting that the Code was gradually adapted to suit different legal and social conditions are as follows: the exclusion of stipulations which were no longer up to date; a new systematization of stipulations according to subject matter; changes in penalties and sanctions; amendments and clarifications of some stipulations; and the modernization of the document’s language and legal terms. At a point no earlier than the second half of the 17th century, a separate recension of Dušan’s Code was created in order to facilitate the adaptation and use of its legal material for the regulation of those legal relations that the Serbian ecclesiastical hierarchy or the local self-governing authorities had kept within their own jurisdictions under foreign rule. The majority of the copies of this new, younger recension was created and enacted in the circle of the Serbian ecclesiastical hierarchy and the subjects of the Habsburg monarchy after the Great Exodus. Not only did the Code provide positive legal material, but its mere existence and authority also helped the efforts of the Serbian hierarchy in the Habsburg monarchy to emphasize the tradition of Serbian statehood, as well as its tendencies toward a renewal of state independence.
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Pavlov, Tanja, Jelena Predojevic-Despic, and Svetlana Milutinovic. "Transnational entrepreneurship: Experiences of migrant-returnees to Serbia." Sociologija 55, no. 2 (2013): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1302261p.
Full textAbstract:
There is a lack of studies on transnational entrepreneurship in Serbia, while transnational cross-border economic activities of Serbian migrants have so far been perceived mostly from the perspective of foreign remittances. The aim of this paper is to highlight the need to study transnational forms of economic activity in Serbia; identify transnational entrepreneurship among migrants-returnees in Serbia, as well as among those who maintain contacts and have business activities with Serbia; explore motives of respondents related to establishing businesses in Serbia, and simultaneously having business activities abroad. The first part of the paper provides an overview of relevant theoretical standings in the area of transnational entrepreneurship, emphasising the need to combine economic and sociological approaches. The second part analyses the results of a pilot study conducted through interviews on the characteristics of transnational entrepreneurship of migrants-returnees in Serbia. The study results show how respondents use the opportunities and overcome obstacles related to conditions for business activities in Serbia, as they represent an important resource in the development of the Serbian economy.
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Dinić, Dragana. "Social development and poverty of elderly." Socioloski godisnjak, no. 10 (2015): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socgod1510331d.
Full textAbstract:
Poverty plays a vital brake social development. In Serbia, the long-term poverty appears as a result of territorial secession, international isolation and sanctions, bombing, record inflation and economic collapse, accepting hundreds of thousands of refugees, the economic crisis and high unemployment, political turmoil, and last year the unprecedented floods. Serbia is one of the oldest countries, the average age of the population (42.2 years). A minimum pension receives 253,000 elderly and 120,000 of them are living below the poverty line. Reforms of the pension fund go towards extending working years and to raise the age for retirement. It only solves one problem, but the solution of the second block: youth employment. In order to achieve progress in society, we need comprehensive reform that all population groups have brought prosperity. This text is based on the Survey of Living Conditions (conducted in 2002, 2003 and 2007), Poverty Reduction Strategy (2003) and in research on the poor elderly in Serbia, which was implemented in early 2009, for the purpose of advocating for changes Law on Social Protection and Social Security of Citizens.
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Blagojevic, Mirko. "Current religious changes in Serbia and desecularization." Filozofija i drustvo, no. 31 (2006): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid0631239b.
Full textAbstract:
For the contemporary Serbian sociology of religion it is evident that the process of desecularization has been present on the social scene of Serbia in the last fifteen years. Sociologists have provided arguments for this claim based on data gathered in Serbia during this period. The religious changes in question have been empirically recorded in all aspects of attachment to religion (mainly Eastern Orthodoxy) and the church (Serbian Orthodox Church), that is, in aspects of religious identification, doctrinal beliefs and religious behavior. Certain political subjects and social scientists feel that social life in Serbia is getting increasingly, and that religion and church are exerting influence within social fields they are not supposed to, if Serbia is to become a secular, democratic state. The paper analyzes some major conditions of the clericalization of the Serbian society.
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Revel, Jacques. "Une condition marrane?" Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 57, no. 2 (April 2002): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.2002.280049.
Full textAbstract:
En présentant ce nouveau livre, Nathan Wachtel suggère qu’on peut y voir, trente ans après La vision des vaincus, dix ans après Le retour des ancêtres, «le dernier volet d’une trilogie dont le fil conducteur serait celui d’une “histoire souterraine” des Amériques, entre mémoire et oubli». La piste n’est qu’indiquée, et il convient sans doute de ne pas forcer ici l’interprétation. Elle mérite pourtant d’être signalée. D’un livre à l’autre, ce sont bien des histoires de vaincus auxquelles N. Wachtel s’est attaché: vaincus de la colonisation espagnole, dans un premier moment; vaincus des vaincus, avec les Chipayas de l’altiplano bolivien, survivants obstinés d’un monde plusieurs fois disparu; vaincus des vainqueurs aujourd’hui, avec l’archipel marrane, la face cachée, déniée de la société coloniale. Ce que, par delà leurs différences, ces histoires ont en commun, c’est de traiter d’expériences qui ont été contraintes et qui étaient promises à disparaître; elles ne nous sont connues qu’à travers des sources indirectes, morcelées, le plus souvent hostiles. Ce qu’elles attestent, en second lieu, c’est une résistance à l’érosion, à l’effacement, dans laquelle le travail de la mémoire joue un rôle central, quels qu’en soient les supports et les formes sociales. D’où le choix d’une stratégie de recherche, qui se retrouve de livre en livre et choisit de confronter un présent aux passés dont il est issu, et dont il se souvient.
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Cvejic, Slobodan. "On inevitability of political clientelism in contemporary Serbia." Sociologija 58, no. 2 (2016): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1602239c.
Full textAbstract:
This paper deals with the problem of political clientelism in Serbia broadly defined as the selective distribution of benefits (money, jobs, information, a variety of privileges) to individuals or clearly defined groups in exchange for political support. The main objective is to explain why political clientelism is widespread in Serbia and which key factors determine its shape and intensity. The explanation is based on the analysis of historical factors of development of clientelism in Serbia, as well as on analysis of data from a recent research on informal relations between political and economic elites in Serbia and Kosovo. The paper concludes that clientelism and informality have represented one of the structuring principles of socioeconomic and political development of Serbian society under the conditions of weak formal institutions and socio-historical heritage of late modernization. On the other hand, since 2000 economic and political sphere in Serbia became more open and competitive which influenced change in the character of clientelism in Serbia - the increased rivalry among different clientelistic (sub)networks heightened the chance of opportunistic defection even at the top level, which made political power of patrons more tradable and the relation inside the power network less asymmetric.
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Otasevic, Bozidar, Dag Kolarevic, Dragana Cvorovic, and Sasa Atanasov. "ILLEGAL CANNABIS GROWERS IN SERBIA." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 12, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.042208.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of this paper is the indoor cultivation of marijuana in laboratory conditions in Serbia. The sample included 138 illegal laboratories discovered in Serbia in the period from 1 January 2013 to 30 June 2019. In 51 (37%) of the laboratories discovered, marijuana was detected at various stages of the production process, from stems of very low height to the final product ready for distribution to the illegal drug market. This result points to the conclusion that the producers took care to have a certain amount of “the goods” ready for the illegal drug market at all times. In 136 laboratories discovered (for the two remaining laboratories there were no data available), the total of 196 persons were deprived of liberty, whose average age was 38 (+/- 10). Out of that number, only one person in each of the 96 (68.4%) laboratories discovered was arrested. The number of the arrested persons is very small, which leads us to a conclusion that the criminal investigations do not sufficiently determine the connection between the illegal producers and the rest of the criminal organization.
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Savkovic, Marina, and Jelena Gajic. "Youth in the contemporary labour markets: A comparison of European Union and Serbia." Sociologija 58, no. 3 (2016): 450–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1603450s.
Full textAbstract:
Youth unemployment in Serbia is almost twice as higher than it is the average of European Union member states. Assuming how certain similarity exists between Serbia?s and EU?s labour market, our objective is to identify these similarities and differences related to labour maket conditions. In this context, we are discussing following topics: unemployment indicators, labor market flexibility, qualitative labour market mismatch, work migrations of the youth, family legacy influence on employment outcomes and labor market policies. Based on comparative analysis of relevant researches and current statistical data, increasing similarity of European Union member states and Serbian labour markets is evident, especially in the aftermath of the economic crisis. The reasons for similarity can not be simply considered as convergence due to Serbia?s accession to the European Union. We also highlighted considerable differences of the labour market conditions in analysed cases that can permanently affect the socio-economic situation of young people.
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Nikitovic, Vladimir. "Serbia as immigration country: Foreseeable future?" Stanovnistvo 47, no. 2 (2009): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0902031n.
Full textAbstract:
The question whether migration will be central demographic issue in the future of Serbia is assessed through probabilistic population projection. Therefore, the problem on formulating international migration hypothesis, specifically estimation of uncertainty attached to future migration flow, is highlighted. For that purpose, experiences from probabilistic projections of the countries that undergone substantial changes of international migration after joined EU were used. Forecast results up to 2050 shows that Serbia will face significant population ageing with no chances to revert the process during the projection horizon. With respect to decreasing trend of population size, fertility increase is one of two indispensable conditions if Serbia wants to restore its current size. The other is huge immigration that could be accomplished if the country experience fundamental political and economic changes in the forthcoming period. Even then, there is only 15 percent probability that Serbia's population size in 2050 will be higher than it is today. However, if actual emigration pattern of international migration turns into immigration one during the next decades, the uncertainty attached to forecasted indicators of population ageing would be considerably decreased.
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Drezgic, Rada. "Pregnancy prevention and/or termination: On history of birth control in Serbia." Sociologija 58, no. 3 (2016): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1603335d.
Full textAbstract:
This text gives a brief survey of history of fertility control in Serbia from the 19th century to present. Special attention is given to the mid 20th century, the period during which currently still prevalent model of fertility control has been constituted in Serbia. This model is marked by a combination of behavioral methods and abortion, as a backup method. The author scrutinizes structural and ideological features from different levels of social organization that have framed this model of family planning and examines its advantages over medical contraception from the users? perspective. Finally, the text discusses the ambivalent status of abortion in society which has been at the same time rather widespread and normalized method of birth control and stigmatized.
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Lukić, Tamara, Tatjana Pivac, Milica Solarević, Ivana Blešić, Jelena Živković, Ivana Penjišević, Rajko Golić, Bojana Kalenjuk Pivarski, Milka Bubalo-Živković, and Ana Pandžić. "Sustainability of Serbian Villages in COVID-19 Pandemic Conditions." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 9, 2022): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020703.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of this paper is to determine how the COVID-19 virus pandemic affected the situation in Serbian villages. The task of the paper is to show the positive and negative consequences that resulted from the pandemic. This would indicate that some of them may represent a new idea, a chance, or would work in favor of the sustainability of the villages of Serbia. In support of objectivity, research was carried out among the population that inhabits the rural areas of Serbia. It examined the extent to which internationally recognized phenomena and consequences of the COVID-19 virus pandemic were present in the study area and considered the nature of their impact on sustainability. The results of the semi-structured questionnaire were processed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Respondents contributed to the conception of possible solutions with their comments. The obtained differences in the answers resulted from different socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, but also from the fact that the villages of Serbia differ in natural and social characteristics. Respondents’ responses are in favor of economic and sociodemographic sustainability, but they do not think in terms of environmental sustainability. The paper reveals several development opportunities, which complement each other and contribute to different methods for sustainability of rural villages in Serbia.
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Bogdanovic, Marija. "Women in politics: The case of Serbia." Sociologija 58, no. 1 (2016): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1601113b.
Full textAbstract:
After a short introduction, this paper deals with women?s activities and participation in social and especially political institutions nowadays, but in the country with deeply rooted idea about traditional role that women should play. Additionally, it takes into account their personal experiences and opinions, impressions about being members of parliament, their motivation, obstacles and their (women?s) contribution to politics (through decision making). The paper is based on the theoretical discussion about under what conditions women?s participation in political institutions can be influential, about ?descriptive representation?, ?substantive representation? and the possibility of their contribution to the democratization of society. The elaboration is based on the research of public opinion polls of the representative sample of Serbian population, sociological study of female members of the Serbian parliament, as well as on the results of women?s university education and their scientific achievements.
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Antonijevic, Zorana. "Knowledge production and public policies in Serbia: Pro and contra gender mainstreaming." Sociologija 60, no. 1 (2018): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1801299a.
Full textAbstract:
The paper analyzes the knowledge production of gender equality policies in Serbia after 2000 in the academic and non-academic context. The text problematizes the interactions and links between gendered knowledge productionin academia and policymaking taking as an example conceptualization of gender mainstreaming. The key issues addressed in the paper concern perception, implementation and validation of gender mainstreaming in an academic and public policy context. The text discusses the ways in which the gender mainstreaming is included in gendered knowledge production in academia in Serbia, but also at the European level. The author argues that practical knowledge of gender policies is not sufficiently integrated into formal academic practice in Serbia, although it is one of the key conditions for further development of academic knowledge on current sociopolitical processes. The author also problematizes relations between key concepts for feminist practices and knowledge production: academic/theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge/public policy, activism and professionalism, local and transnational feminism, as well as empowerment and gender mainstreaming. Taking as an example an international debate for and against the gender mainstreaming the author raise potential issues for launching similar debates within the feminist academic and non-academic community in Serbia.
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Todorovic, Marina, and Gordana Vojkovic. "Population - an element of agricultural development in Serbia." Stanovnistvo 37, no. 1-4 (1999): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv9904141t.
Full textAbstract:
The author begins by discussing the relationship between agriculture and population at a theoretical level, proceeds with a historical review of changes in the role and significance of an individual as agricultural producer, and finally, analyzes population as an element (potentials - limitations) of agricultural development in Serbia. The overall production results, and particularly the propensity to technical and technological innovation, as well as the ability to adapt to the changed conditions are, as we know well, crucially dependent on the structure of the working population. Hence, the author discusses regional differences in agricultural population by age, sex, level of education and productivity to provide a clear illustration of the impact of this element (indicator) on the population as the factor of agricultural production. The results show significant macroregional differences by this element with respect to the average for Serbia.
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Rasevic, Mirjana. "Voluntary sterilization in Serbia: Unmet need?" Stanovnistvo 40, no. 1-4 (2002): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0201015r.
Full textAbstract:
Is voluntary sterilization as a birth control method accepted in Serbia? This is certainly a question that is being imposed for research, regardless of the fact that voluntary sterilization is neither accessible nor promoted. Most importantly because there is no understanding in the social nor political sphere for legalization of voluntary sterilization as a form of birth control, apart from the clear necessity for this, first, step. They are: the recognition that voluntary sterilization is an efficient and safe birth control method, respectability of basic human as well as sexual and reproductive rights, spreading of sterilization as a form of birth control among population of both developed and developing countries and an epidemic diffusion of repeated induced abortions in Serbia. Thus individual recognition of the advantages of relying on voluntary sterilization, in a non-encouraging atmosphere, certainly represents one more argument to enable couples to prevent conception by sterilization. Since it was impossible to carry out a representative research among the population of men and women who are at risk for conception, an attempt was made to obtain a reply to the set question among women who decided to induce abortion. It was done out of at least two reasons. The first being that women with induced abortion in their reproductive history were the target group for voluntary sterilization. The second reason was based on the assumption that bringing a decision on induced abortion is preceded by the reconsideration of an earlier adopted strategy regarding children, giving birth and contraception and thus its rational component is revealed more and therefore more easily measurable. The research was carried out in the University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology 'Narodni front' in Belgrade from January 21st o March 1st 2002, and included 296 women. By comparing the social and demographic characteristics of the female respondents, as well as important events in their reproductive history with structural traits of the total population of women of same age and parity who induce abortion, the representativeness of samples was confirmed and thus generalization of results. The results indicate that a target group is clearly distinct which would decide on sterilization as a contraceptive method. Not only do more than half of the surveyed women who induce abortion believe that voluntary sterilization as a method of contraception should be available in Serbia, but also a large number of surveyed women, almost a half, would subject themselves to voluntary sterilization after having given birth to the desired number of children and when they would be convinced that sterilization does not influence health, sex potency, nor quality of sex life. Younger women, respondents with secondary education, those who gave birth to the desired number of children, as well as those who have a good relationship with their partner, and confronted themselves with a large number of induced abortions, namely those who wish to use contraception in future, are more open to voluntary sterilization. The reasons for individual non acceptance, namely undetermined standpoint towards sterilization as a contraception method, indicate that many of the registered ambivalent or negative opinions could be changed by knowledge spreading on the characteristics of voluntary sterilization.
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Stojšin, S., M. Šljukić, and D. Hlavča. "Characteristics of migration from Serbia to Slovakia (on the example of the municipality of Kovačica)." RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-4-881-890.
Full textAbstract:
Due to numerous transformation problems which determined the collapse of the industrial sector, unemployment and low living standards, an increasing number of working population leaves Serbia. For a very long time, Serbian emigration was directed primarily to the developed Western European countries (especially Germany and Austria). However, Slovakia has recently joined the narrow circle of countries-destinations for emigrants from Serbia. The article focuses on this wave of the working population emigration from Serbia to Slovakia and considers it in the framework of the contemporary migration theories, especially the push-and-pull factors theory. The research data was compared with the relevant data from previous studies. The research was conducted in the municipality of Kovačica (northern Serbia) with a questionnaire on the sample of 100 respondents (the snowball method was applied), and the authors also used various other data sources: statistical data (censuses, migration statistics, etc.), media reports and scientific papers. Given the unfavorable social-economic context of the Serbian working population emigration and the chosen theoretical framework, the authors considered economic factors as crucial for this wave of migration, which seems to be similar to the previous waves of migration. In general, this assumption was confirmed: emigrants from Serbia go to Slovakia for a variety of reasons, but the key ones are the small salary in Serbia, the impossibility to find a job in ones profession, and a poor financial and political situation in the country. On the other hand, Slovakia attracts Serbian migrants by offering possibilities to earn more money, to have higher living standards, better conditions for education and work, thus, promising a better and predictable future.
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Simeunovic-Patic, Biljana. "Homicides in Serbia within the context of social transition and war." Temida 6, no. 4 (2003): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0304033s.
Full textAbstract:
Notably deplorable phenomenological changes of homicides in Serbia at the beginning of 1990?s proceeded along with the dismantling of SFRJ, wars and unsuccessful starting of social transition: within the turbulent and almost extreme social context it had been generated an increase of all types of violence as well as crime in general. Restrictive social conditions economic deprivation, social disorganization and deregulation are apprehended as factors of facilitation of risks of violent abreactions in the form of expressive homicides and also of risks of instrumental violence under the high structural pressure toward illegal alternatives and weak formal crime control at the same time. The crises of external and internal security coincided amplifying one another and succeeded by economic declension, deregulation and revived cultural definitions that extended the ?legitimacy? of violence. The plenty of cycles of structural and behavioural violence were initiated during the 1990s in Serbia: a holistic approach to violence as one complex phenomenon that extends from ?invisible? violence to homicides is the strategy which should be considered as perspective one regarding both the exploration and prevention of homicides. Key words homicide, violence, expressive homicides, instrumental homicides, social transition, Serbia.
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Janjic, Marina. "Zaharija Orfelin’s primer and its place in Serbian cultural history." Juznoslovenski filolog 72, no. 3-4 (2016): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1604159j.
Full textAbstract:
The paper illuminates the enlightenment work of Zaharija Orfelin from the viewpoints of broader cultural and historical and narrower linguistic and didactic guidelines. In the social context of 18th-century Serbia, which cannot be considered one-sided, amidst the fusion of cultural values of the East and West, Orfelin conceptualized the key of national values in education. The Primer is more than the first book - it is a latent proclamation of the coming of the Enlightenment ideas. The aim of this work is point to the fact that in the cultural history of Serbia he was the precursor of modern Serbian language teaching long before it came to life in our modern teaching under the influence of foreign methodologists.
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Stambolija, Nebojša. "SERBIAN STATE GUARD IN OCCUPIED SERBIA 1942-1944." Istorija 20. veka 40, no. 2/2022 (August 1, 2022): 323–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2022.2.sta.323-344.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of this article is the Serbian State Guard – an armed formation created in occupied Serbia in early March 1942. It arose out of the need of the occupiers and collaborators for a stronger and more organized unit that would more successfully confront the insurgent forces in the territory of Serbia. The primary objective of our research was the reconstruction of its creation, organization, mode of operation, combat activities, and make-up XXX. Created on the basis of the pre-war gendarmerie, in the specific conditions of wartime chaos in Serbia, it retained its primarily police character, although it formed larger and more mobile military units when needed. Finally, the fate of this formation after its inclusion in the ranks of the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland (i.e., the Chetniks of Draža Mihailović) and its going into exile was presented. The source-materials used for this paper are kept mostly in the Military Archive in Belgrade. We have also used documents kept in the Belgrade Historical Archives, the State Archives of Serbia, as well as in the local historical archives in Niš.
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Jovanović, Slavoljub, Dragica Gatarić, Zorica Prnjat, Goran Andjelković, Jasmina M. Jovanović, Bogdan Lukić, and Miloš D. Lutovac. "Exploring Proenvironmental Behavior of Serbian Youth Through Environmental Values, Satisfaction, and Responsibility." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 7 (August 18, 2016): 1057–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.7.1057.
Full textAbstract:
We assessed the influence of environmental values on the proenvironmental behavior of youth in Serbia by assessing the level of their satisfaction with environmental conditions and their sense of personal environmental responsibility. Participants were 168 15-year-old boys and girls who were pupils in their final year at primary schools in Belgrade. We found that 9.5% of the variability in the students' proenvironmental behavior could be explained by individual differences regarding their environmental values, environmental satisfaction, and environmental responsibility. The results obtained from this study should provide curriculum developers, educators, and teachers with a deeper understanding of methods and strategies to use in order to raise environmental awareness and to encourage environmentally responsible behavior among young people in Serbia.
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Bobic, Mirjana. "The households of Serbia at the dawn of third millennium: Socio-demographical analysis." Sociologija 46, no. 4 (2004): 349–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0404349b.
Full textAbstract:
Side by side with tumultuous social processes in the end of XXth century great demographical changes have been taking place in Serbia, such as: the decline of nuptiality and fertility, postponement of family formation into older ages of life course of individuals, the rise of: extramarital births as well as adolescent pregnancies and live births, the spread of one-parent households, particularly of lone mothers, and divorces. Besides that, the main feature of the demographic development of Serbia has been increased mobility of population, namely migrations of highly educated professionals to the West ("brain drain") and forced migration of refugees and internally displaced persons to Serbia, as a consequence of armed conflicts in its surroundings and at Kosovo and Metohija. All the above-mentioned demographical changes caused the precomposition of households, as profound associations of population, where its biological and socio-economical reproductions take place. The information of last census of population of Serbia in 2002 indicate that according to the features of family and households, Serbia has approached the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, that are forerunning in the process of post-socialistic transformation and European integrations. Common characteristics of all those countries are: decrease of universality and popularity of marriage delay of childbearing, continuation of earlier demographic tendencies: of low natality, depopulation and aging of population. All those processes have contributed to the transformation of prevailing forms of households, i.e. decline of nuclear family units and the rise of single person households households of aged persons, as well as single-parent ones. As to the Serbia the demographic differences between its separate parts: Vojvodina and central Serbia, have been fading for the first time in its history, owing to previous socio-demographic developments starting from the beginning of XXth century, as well as to the above actual ones, in the period between last two censuses.
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Talijan, Radomir, and Goran Andjelkovic. "Current state of studying precipitation acidification in Serbia." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 95, no. 4 (2015): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1504031t.
Full textAbstract:
Basic relations between the state of air pollution and their effects on chemistry of precipitation were introduced in this paper. Changes in the composition of atmosphere were defined by numerous chemical elements and compounds different in character which also affect the phenomenon of acidification and alkaline processes. The interconnected sources of emission, relations between urban and rural, the regime of rainmeasuring system and climate elements combined as whole give us more complete image of the global phenomenon and its effects on cities as a contemporary social development first of all caused by industrialization, its dependance upon fosil sources of energy and demographic pressure. Characteristics of main pollutants were considered as well as their ability to modify atmospheric conditions, but also the influence of climate elements on those conditions, ph rainfall average value movement, seasonal and daily variations, the influence of industrial zones and agglomeration on the conditions in the area much wider than emitters.
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Zarkovic-Rakic, Jelena, Sasa Randjelovic, and Marko Vladisavljevic. "Labour market effects of social security contributions reform in Serbia." Ekonomski anali 61, no. 208 (2016): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1608073z.
Full textAbstract:
In Serbia the inactivity rate of the working-age population is close to 40%, among the highest in Europe. The country also faces a high informal employment rate of 24%. Previous research has argued that high levels of informality and inactivity are mostly due to a high effective tax wedge at low wage levels caused by a minimum base for calculation of social security contributions (SSC), sudden withdrawal of means-tested benefits once formal income is earned, and low progressivity of income tax. This paper evaluates the impact of the minimum SSC base reform scenarios on labour supply and employment formalization using tax and benefit micro-simulation models together with the structural discrete choice labour supply model based on the Survey on Income and Living Conditions Data. Although we do not find positive employment effects of the reform, it would be premature to deduce that abolishment of the minimum SSC base is not needed. At this stage in our research, until alternative labour-supply modelling is applied, with both sector and hours of work choice alternatives, it is only safe to conclude that the proposed reform will not significantly contribute to the transformation of informal full-time to formal full-time jobs.
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Aleksić, Marko, Miloš Pjanić, Nemanja Berber, and Agneš Slavić. "The impact of corporate social responsibility on the financial performance in the Republic of Serbia." Journal of Engineering Management and Competitiveness 12, no. 2 (2022): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jemc2202095a.
Full textAbstract:
Under conditions of globalization and increasing market integration, competitiveness is a prerequisite for survival in the global market. The goal is not only to achieve a competitive advantage but to make it sustainable. The most stable and long-term source is reflected in business innovation. Innovative activities encourage companies' development and influence the preservation of market position as well as the company's profitability. The effects of applying the CSR concept can positively influence a company's financial performance. The authors of this paper investigate whether there is a connection between the concept of corporate social responsibility and financial performance in the Republic of Serbia. The paper presents the results of research conducted in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The research covers 165 large companies during the period November 2019 - August 2021. The data were processed using the Smart PLS program. The research results show that the application of the CSR concept has a positive effect on the financial performance of large companies in the Republic of Serbia.
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Burgund, Anita, Marina Pantelic, and Marko Milanovic. "SINGLE–PARENT FAMILIES–SOCIAL STATUS, NEEDS AND CHALLENGES." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 3, no. 1 (February 2013): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.021302.
Full textAbstract:
There is no doubt that pluralization of society and societal conditions have an impact on the modern family, its role and structure. Changes in the hierarchy of societal values and attitude of society towards family lead to significant changes in its structure and way of functioning. The image of the family consisting of father, mother and children has more often been replaced by the image of families with one parent and children. There are multiple causes of single-parent families (single parenthood) such as death, divorce, abandonment of the family by one of the parents, etc. The positions and attitude of society towards single-parent families is different and it’s actually depending on the cause of their occurrence. The aim of this paper was to identify basic needs and challenges of single-parent families in Serbia. For this purpose, we have organized three focus groups with 18 single mothers (six in each focus group). The results are presented in the context of creating new policies for improving the position of single-parent families in Serbia.
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Dragisic-Labas, Sladjana. "Suicidal behavior in prison." Sociologija 60, no. 4 (2018): 786–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1804788d.
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This paper considers suicidal behavior (presence of suicidal thoughts, self-harm, attempted and executed suicide) among prison inmates in Serbia, investigating the causes of such behavior conditioned by incarceration and the specific conditions of the prison environment. It draws upon secondary literature while analyzing ?The Report on Prisons in Serbia? issued by the Directorate for the Execution of Criminal Sanctions. It has been found that the insufficiently developed and dysfunctional formal system significantly affects the prison community and the mental health of inmates. Therefore, formal support, which implies a more agreeable prison atmosphere and culture, good communication and cooperation between staff and convicts and various suicide prevention programs, could reduce the high rates of suicidal behavior.