Academic literature on the topic 'Social Conditions – history – Kosovo'
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Journal articles on the topic "Social Conditions – history – Kosovo"
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Hafsah Ayaz Qureshi and Amirah Sami. "قوموں کے عروج وزوال کے اسباب اور محرکات :اسلام کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ." International Research Journal on Islamic Studies (IRJIS) 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.54262/irjis.04.01.u08.
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The study of the Qur’ān, Sunnah and History reveals that nature holds the same conditions for the rising and fall of nations. The reasons or causes of downfall and rise which were applicable for Jews and Christians are endorsed for Ummah of Muhammad (S.A.W). The same principles are followed for believers and non-believers. The rules of the Qur’ān are till the Day of Judgment. In the present era, Muslims are in the worst condition; at the national and international levels. The collapse of Baghdad and the Ottoman Empire, Muslim’s condition in Palestine and Kashmir, the genocide of Muslims in Bosnia, Kosovo, Serbia, Burma or Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria, all show decline of Muslims. Muslims are not in power and authority. Muslim riots arose in India and Libya. Muslims are tested and tried. This article found the reasons for nations’ downfall and also brought forward the causes of the rising of nations. No doubt that many moral, social, economic, political, demographic, and historical factors are responsible for the decline of nations. This article analytically studies reasons for the deterioration and escalation of nations which are mentioned in Qur’ān, Sunnah and History and established a cause-and-effect relationship between the various historical events to propose a remedy for the malaise of Nation.
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Hetemi, Atdhe. "Student movements in Kosova (1981): academic or nationalist?" Nationalities Papers 46, no. 4 (July 2018): 685–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1371683.
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The 1980s caught Albanians in Kosova in interesting social, political, and psychological circumstances. Two diametrically opposed dogmatic dilemmas took shape: “illegal groups” – considerably supported by students – demanded the proclamation of the Republic of Kosova and/or Kosova's unification with Albania. On the other side of the spectrum, “modernists” – gathering, among others, the political and academic elites – pushed for the improvement of rights of Kosovars guaranteed under the “brotherhood and unity” concept advocated within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). This paper outlines the nature of demonstrations that took place in March and April 1981 and the corresponding responses of political and academic elites. Stretching beyond symbolic academic reasons – demands for better food and dormitory conditions – the study points to the intense commitment of the students to their demands, often articulated in nationalistic terms. Was it inevitable that the structure of the SFRY would lead to those living in Kosova as a non-Slavic majority in a federation of “Southern Slavs” to articulate demands for national self-rule? It is necessary to highlight these political and social complexities through analytical approaches in order to track the students' goals and to reexamine assumptions behind the “modernist” agenda. In that vein, the paper analyzes the conceptual connections and differences between student reactions and modernists' positions during the historical period under discussion here.
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Arifi, MSc Dritero, and Dr Sc Ylber Sela. "Kosovar Society through Secularism and Religion." ILIRIA International Review 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v3i2.131.
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This paper will analyze the importance and the effects of religion, in Kosovar society. A great part of the paper, will analyze the social and the political relations in Post-War Kosovo. Initially it will elaborate religion and secularism, especially in theoreticall aspect, what impact have these definitions in modern societies.In order to explain what the importance of the religion in Kosovo is, we will focus on analyzing ethnical, social and political relations within Kosovo society. A considerable component of the paper is also, the elaboration of secularism in Kosovo conditions. This implies that the formulation of the problem and the objective of this research, are the substance of the paper’s theme, which is, religion in Kosovo; its definition and the outlook of the Kosovar society on religion. Is Kosovo post-war society more or less religious? That means the elements of Religions and Secularism will be part of the analysis of developments in post-war Kosovo.
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Zenuni, Anita, and Mojca Blažič. "Influence of Intergroup Contact, Ethnicity and Education on Social Distance in Kosovo." Revija za ekonomske in poslovne vede 8, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55707/eb.v8i1.10.
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Reducing social distance between communities with a previous history of violence is one of the crucial challenges in post-conflict societies. Social distance refers to the degree of understanding and intimacy between members of different groups. In this respect, this study examined the influence of direct intergroup contact, extended intergroup contact (i.e., knowing that a member of the ingroup has a positive relationship with a member of the outgroup), education and ethnicity on social distance in Kosovo. The sample of this study consisted of Kosovo Albanian (N = 125) and Serbian participants (N = 103) from ethnically mixed and non-mixed areas in Kosovo. Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the results show that direct intergroup contact, extended intergroup contact, ethnicity and education are significant predictors of social distance in Kosovo. Among the variables studied, ethnicity was found as the best predictor of social distance in Kosovo. Consistent with the previous findings, the study results show that increased frequency of direct intergroup contact and extended intergroup contact reduced social distance in Kosovo. Similarly, the results show that an increased level of education reduced social distance only among Albanian participants.
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Gashi, Avdyl. "Historical Development of Education and Social Work in Kosovo." European Journal of Educational Research 11, no. 4 (October 15, 2022): 2013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.4.2013.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The aim of this article is to highlight the history of social work in Kosovo, regarding the major political climate from 1945 to the present. Unfavorable political developments that have existed in Kosovo for a long historical period have made it impossible to develop the social work profession compared to the countries of the region. Although the Former Yugoslav Federation claimed to be a socialist country, the social differences between states and provinces within this were large. The findings of the paper show that social work did not develop in Kosovo as a profession until specific structures, such as the emergence of the University of Pristina as a legal structure of education for Kosovo Albanians, which has been offering a degree program in social work for almost a decade now. The political orientation and organizational infrastructure are highly relevant for the execution and education of social work. Literature review is the methodological framework of this paper. Education and social work have been shown to be an extraordinary opportunity for the transformation of society.</p>
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Shala, Nexhit, and Myrvete Badivuku-Pantina. "The Relationships of Schools Conditions and their Impact on Economic Growth." International Journal of Social Sciences Perspectives 11, no. 2 (August 29, 2022): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33094/ijssp.v11i2.639.
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The purpose of my research is to measure the relationship between school conditions and economic growth in the Republic of Kosovo. The research was conducted with vocational high schools during the period 2020-2021. The research was conducted through a closed-ended questionnaire of students and teachers of vocational schools in Kosovo, while the data were analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program (version 25). Descriptive analysis, Alpha Cronbach's reliability test, and normality analysis were first performed by Kolmogorov Smirnov and Shapiro Wilk. The results are presented in descriptive form through frequency and percentage, while the verification of hypotheses is performed through Spearman Correlation. I Can conclude that Kosovo is progressing well in terms of the implementation of vocational education, thus providing a link between vocational education and practice in business or economic development. The research was conducted over two years, during the time of the pandemic, and can be considered as a barrier to investment in school conditions. The research was conducted through questionnaires that I administered, and the data are relevant to the research issue. Research is of great importance in improving the school conditions of vocational high schools in the Republic of Kosovo.
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Mehmeti, Fehmi, and Arsim Dragaj. "FISCAL POLICY IN KOSOVO AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Knowledge International Journal 26, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij26061693m.
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Fiscal policy in Kosovo (1999) is based on government revenue and expenditure for achieving certain economic and social goals, and to influence macroeconomic indicators.Fiscal policy in this direction should be in the function of development and economic growth, with a high employment rate and protected from inflation.After the war in Kosovo, an UNMIK mission was set up, which from June to September 1999 was designated to provide donations in order to meet the emergency needs for financing and activating public administration, infrastructure rehabilitation and public services.In September 1999, the United Nations Civilian Administration established the Central Fiscal Authority (CFA) in Kosovo to build fiscal policy.Fiscal policy under specific conditions in Kosovo was tightened to mobilize financial means to cover public needs. So initially it was determined to collect funds for the Treasury bypassing the aspect of development of Kosovo. No mitigating administrative measures have been taken for economic development.
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Sahiti, Fadil. "Do social conditions matter for emergence of innovative firms? The case of Kosovo." International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development 8, no. 1 (2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijird.2018.090503.
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Sahiti, Fadil. "Do social conditions matter for emergence of innovative firms? The case of Kosovo." International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development 8, no. 1 (2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijird.2018.10011609.
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Istrefi, Kushtrim. "Kosovo’s Quest for Council of Europe Membership." Review of Central and East European Law 43, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04303002.
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In 2014, Kosovo became a member of two Council of Europe (CoE) partial agreements: on the Development Bank and on the European Commission for Democracy through Law (the Venice Commission). More recently, the Government of Kosovo expressed an interest in joining the CoE. This article examines, in the context of Kosovo’s contested statehood, the conditions and procedure for Kosovo’s possible admission to the CoE and describes, in the form of an early warning, the key legal and policy issues that could arise in this process. Insofar as membership criteria are concerned, the article examines Kosovo’s ability to exercise jurisdiction over its territory. In this regard, the case of Azemi v. Serbia before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR or the Strasbourg Court) and the EU-facilitated agreements between Belgrade and Pristina are considered. In addition, the article argues that that the direct applicability of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) and the ECtHR’s case law in Kosovo are evidence of Kosovo’s commitment to fulfilling one of the essential membership criteria. Regarding Kosovo’s prospects for admission, the article submits that the recognition of Kosovo by more than two-thirds of the Council’s member states is an indicator that, in principle, Kosovo could ensure the votes necessary for admission. However, it also highlights the specific challenges Kosovo may encounter in its membership path due to complex admission procedures within the CoE Committee of Ministers and the composition of the members of the CoE Parliamentary Assembly (PACE).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social Conditions – history – Kosovo"
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Gashi, Ferim. "Conditions for Development of Agriculture in the Municipality of Kline, Republic of Kosovo." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5467.
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Agriculture is one of the most important branches of economical development in the Municipality of Klina. The Municipality’s geographical position, climate and earth conditions, as well as the manpower in the territory of enables cultivation of much agricultural cultivation and the growth of high efficiency in the area. Considering all the existing factors and the new factors (to be initiated) of the development which will be based on long term socio-economic development of the municipality of Klina, most important is the agriculture. Making use of and harmonizing the available natural factors, agriculture will secure to the municipality of Klina sufficient food, produce an important overflow of market, and a general growth of the overall income and employment of the inhabitants. Convenient fertile lands, the change of planting structure, adequate appliance of agro technique and watering will create propitious possibilities for increasing agriculture production, notably the development of farming. Agriculture will for a long time be bearer of general socio-economic development in the Municipality of Klina, all it is needed is to set and realize basic purpose, role and direction of agriculture development. This make possible orientation in development and creation of conditions for the alteration of the structure of the fabrication, utilization of the existing possibilities, and finding new ways of development, recommendation of the existing systems and building new watering systems, arranging terrene, increasing land fertility, reorganization of the manufacture and reinforcement of the private sector and execution of the more dynamic increase of trade products, intense urbanization of rural places, fair governing, equipping lands with more qualitative roads for agrarian needs. All this will contribute to more quality and quantity innovation of the existing state. In a direct connection with this is the increase of plan efficiency and the increase of productivity, the plant fabrication with organizing conditions for using more water for watering, larger mechanisms for ii productivity, the expansion of guanos and fertilizers and the application of contemporary agro technical measures. Except the efficiency increase and the assortment of agricultural production, it must be reckoned that the farming should rapidly be developed through the specialization of private sectorfarms, individual mini farms for cultivation of cattle and poultry, milk and dairy products and egg production. Buying stations and depot are necessary as well as the stations that sell cattle food, guanos, agriculture tools and mechanisms, the service for mending these tools, agrarian stations, farming pharmacy, and veterinary stations.Ferim GASHI, Str. Lakrishte L4 No: 57 10000 Prishtina, Republic of Kosova Office: +381 (0) 38 212 338 Cell: +377 (0) 44 114674; Cell: +386 (0) 49 114674 Fax: +381 (0) 38 212 338 Email: ferimgashi@yahoo.ca Email: ferimgashi@gmail.com Email: ferim.gashi@ks-gov.net
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Roy, Sutanuka. "Economics of social, gender, and income inequalities." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3727/.
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The thesis contains three chapters. The first chapter reports on the first large-scale randomized field experiment involving legally-recognized minorities to examine the causal effects of providing performance-based financial incentives based on social or income disadvantage on high stakes university test scores. The results are that the average test scores of the whole cohort goes down by .14 standard deviations when financial incentives were provided by income disadvantage while there is no effect on the test scores when financial incentives were provided by social disadvantage or when financial incentives were provided to all students. The chapter provides evidence of academic non-cooperation when financial incentives are offered by income status and no evidence of such peer effects when prize incentives are given by social disadvantage. The second chapter, which is a joint work with Dr. H.F.Tam, studies the impact of matrimonial laws introduced by the British in British provinces in colonial India during 1800s and early 1900s. Exploiting quasi-random variations of districts that were former British Provinces within each post-independent Indian states, we find that females have 5% lower chances of marrying under the current legal age, and 1.6% higher chance of attending school at 10-16 years old in regions that were formerly British Provinces. Furthermore, using historical Census of India 1901-1931 on marriage status of population between 0-15 years at district level, the chapter estimates the impact of Child Marriage abolition Act (1931) on child marriages in colonial India. The third chapter uses a large-scale novel panel dataset (2005-14) on schools from the Indian state of Assam to test for the impact of violent conflict on female student’s enrolment ratios. We find that a doubling of average killings in a districtyear leads to a 13 per cent drop in girl’s enrolment rate with school fixed effects.
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Seibold, Arthur. "Essays on behavioral responses to social insurance and taxation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3759/.
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This thesis contains three essays on behavioral responses to social insurance and taxation. The first chapter documents and analyzes an important and puzzling stylized fact about retirement behavior: the large concentration of job exits at specific ages. In Germany, almost 30% of workers retire precisely in the month when they reach one of three “statutory” retirement ages, although there is often no incentive or even a disincentive to retire at these thresholds. To study what can explain the concentration of retirements around statutory ages, I use novel administrative data covering the universe of German retirees, and I take advantage of unique variation in retirement incentives as well as in the location of statutory ages across individuals created by the German pension system. Measuring retirement bunching responses to 644 different discontinuities in pension benefit profiles, I first document that financial incentives alone fail to explain retirement patterns in the data. Second, I show that there is a direct effect of “presenting” a threshold as a statutory age, which is substantially larger than that of financial incentives. Further evidence on mechanisms suggests the framing of statutory ages as reference points for retirement as an explanation. A number of alternative channels including firm responses are also discussed but they do not seem to drive the results. The second chapter analyzes bunching responses around reference points and argues that bunching methods are naturally suited to quantify reference-dependent preferences. Using a standard labor supply model, the workhorse of the bunching literature, I first show that different types of reference dependence all have a key prediction in common: They imply sharp bunching of the outcome at the reference point. Observed bunching can be linked to underlying parameters, which motivates both structural and reduced-form estimation methods to implement an empirical bunching approach to reference dependence. Finally, I present two applications in the context of retirement decisions. First, I find significant bunching responses at a type of “pure” reference point, namely round retirement ages. Second, I complement the analysis from chapter 1 with structural estimation and find a quantitatively important role of reference dependence at statutory retirement ages. Counterfactual simulations highlight that shifting statutory ages via pension reforms can be an effective policy to increase actual retirement ages with a positive fiscal impact. The third chapter turns to a topic from the realm of taxation. Modern systems of firm taxation typically feature a combination of payroll, valued-added, and corporate income taxes. However, they often exist alongside special presumptive tax regimes targeted at small and medium enterprises (SME), such as a single turnover tax. This chapter uses novel administrative data from S ̃ao Paulo (Brazil), including data on inter-firm trade, to shed light on the effects of such dual tax systems on firm growth, market competition, and production decisions. First, we show that the firm size distribution is distorted by the eligibility threshold for the presumptive tax system. Second, ineligible (larger) firms are adversely affected by reductions in the tax and compliance burden for SME. Third, we study the relationship between tax systems and production choices. The presumptive tax mainly replaces a payroll tax and a value-added tax by a turnover tax in our context. Accordingly, we find that firms in the presumptive tax regime use relatively more labor input and source more of their intermediate input from other firms in the same regime. This leads to partial segmentation of the trade network between firms in the two systems. We show that heterogeneity in firm production choices drives part of these correlations, but there is also a causal effect of tax regimes on input choices.
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Browne, Phyllis. "Educational reforms in Barbados, 1966-1986 : social implications." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66015.
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Tait, Irvine Wallace. "Voluntarism and the state in British social welfare 1914-1939." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5065/.
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The New Right's critique of the welfare state has generated considerable interest in the history of alternative forms of welfare provision. Recent work has focused upon the continued existence of voluntarism alongside the growth of twentieth century state welfare. In doing this, it has reacted against the tendency of post-war social welfare writing to concentrate exclusively on the statutory social services. This thesis, therefore, adds to a growing body of writing on inter-war voluntary social action. However, it differs from the work of others by focusing upon the interplay of voluntary and statutory sectors in the face of war, industrial unrest and mass unemployment: in other words the upheavals of the early twentieth century. The main body of the research not only deals with the part played by both sectors in the delivery of social services, but also places voluntarism in a wider social context by exploring its ideological response to working-class assertiveness. Indeed, the belief in a British national community with interests that transcended class or sectional divisions was a common feature in voluntarism's attitude towards the above challenges and their implications for social stability. Thus, by highlighting the class objectives of the middle-class volunteer, this thesis avoids treating voluntary groups as simply the deliverers of social services in partnership with the state. As middle-class organisations operating within civil society, the charities covered in the pages ahead are placed alongside the state and capital in the defence of the existing economic and social order. Differences may have existed amongst charities over the correct mix in the statutory-voluntary welfare mix, but, as this thesis seeks to prove, this should not blind us to voluntarism's commitment to an over riding class interest.
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Bulczak, Grzegorz. "Essays on social networks, participation, and outcomes in education." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/346631/.
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This thesis explores the role of social networks in determining adolescents’ outcomes in schools. The thesis consists of three papers that seek to empirically test how characteristic of friendship networks and peers affect adolescents’ choices and performance in education. The main goal of the first paper is to estimate the effects of ego’s friends age diversity on academic performance. The findings provide evidence that having an age diversified friendship network results in significantly worse academic outcomes. Contrary to the previous research, no evidence is found that having a best friend of a different age, or a group of friends of average age that differs from an individual’s age is associated with worse outcomes in education. This paper addresses concerns about self-selection into networks and unobserved school level differences by using within-school variation and instrumental variable methods. The findings remain robust after the sample is limited to students with no criminal background and those that are in the expected grade for their given age. In the second paper a hypothesis that more interconnected networks (those with high density of friendships) positively impact on adolescents’ school performance due to more scope for norms and sanctions, is tested. The findings provide evidence that for an individual having a close network during high school results in significantly better academic outcomes. Individuals with friends that know each other are found to be more likely to go to college. This examination addresses concerns about self-selection into networks and unobserved school level differences. Instrumental variable approach is used to investigate the effects of closure on college attendance. The effects of closure on years of schooling are found to persist for both low and high quality networks. The findings remain robust for samples consisting of non-white and white individuals. The last paper takes a closer look at participation in extracurricular activities, a factor that is likely to influence network formation. In this chapter, the role of community composition in determining participation outcomes is examined. This investigation provides evidence suggesting that racial composition of communities affects adolescents’ participation in school extracurricular activities. The main contribution of this chapter is that problems related to sorting within communities and selection into schools, are carefully addressed.
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Haston, Catriona M. "A tale of two states : a comparative study of higher education reform and its effects on economic growth in East and West Germany 1945 - 1989." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1780/.
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The hypothesis at the heart of this thesis is that long-term economic growth depends on the discovery and development of new ideas and technologies which enable innovation resulting in increased productivity. As technological innovation generally results from research processes instigated and performed by those with higher levels of education, it becomes important to analyse higher education as an economic actor as well as a symbolic institution of cultural and elite reproduction. The thesis compares the development of higher levels of human capital in East and West Germany over the period 1945 – 1990: states with two very different and competing myths of democratic legitimacy and radically opposed social, political and economic systems but both convinced that human capital development held the key to reconstruction and economic growth. In highlighting the imperatives for reform and outlining the main changes which took place in higher education within the strictures imposed by competing ideologies, the thesis assesses the effectiveness of human capital investment in terms of the success of the economic objectives identified by both countries. The thesis finds that the initial hypothesis is proven, albeit that its effectiveness was mitigated by a number of external economic shocks and internal social and political factors which, in the end, led to the demise of the East German regime.
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Dang, Thi Thu Hoai. "Poverty in Vietnam : the effects of shocks and sectoral growth patterns." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2659/.
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The thesis aims to examine the effects of adverse shocks and sectoral growth patterns on poverty. The issue of adverse shocks has recently drawn the attention of academics and policymakers alike, but evidence of the persistent impacts of different types of shocks on poverty is limited due to a lack of data; the significance of the impacts compared to other factors has also not been well studied. With the advantage of the unique data set for Vietnam, this thesis deals with the above issues and provides the most comprehensive study of the effects of shocks on poverty. Secondly, it is argued in the current literature that sectoral growth pattern matters for pro-poor growth. Current findings in the literature reveal a mixed picture regarding which industries contribute most to poverty reduction. It is stressed that a labour-intensive feature tends to make an industry more pro-poor. This study provides a wider and more consistent approach to explaining the mixed results in the literature, and compares different growth patterns in terms of poverty reduction. The issues have been examined in the context of Vietnam, a country successful in fighting poverty over the last decades. The two issues are investigated in three core chapters, in addition to the introduction and conclusion chapters. The first core chapter deals with the issue of adverse shocks by applying an econometric method. It confirms that four types of shocks, namely natural disaster, illness of a household member, crop failure and disease of livestock, generate a negative impact on poverty. The effect of natural disasters and health shocks can be persistent, lasting for more than three years and keeping people in persistent deprivation. The negative effect of shocks on poverty is significant enough to nullify the poverty-reduction achievements of other policies, such as the education policy. Government intervention in relieving the negative impact of shocks is necessary, and has helped Vietnam reduce its poverty headcount rate by up to 10%. The second and third core chapters study the effects of sectoral growth pattern on poverty and inequality by combining a Social Accounting Matrix multiplier decomposition technique and a Computable General Equilibrium micro-simulation modelling. The first approach is used in the second chapter, where it allows examination of the issue in the short term and identifies the factors that can affect the pro-poorness of the sectoral growth. The results show that some agricultural sectors, food processing and some non-financial services sectors contribute most to poverty reduction in Vietnam. The magnitude of the poverty reduction from sectoral growth depends on four features of the industry, namely labour-intensiveness, production linkage with the labour-intensive sector, the degree of sector interdependency, and the poverty sensitivity to income of the people who benefit from the growth of the sector. The growth rate of the sector itself also determines its contribution to poverty reduction. Sub-sectors of either agriculture, industry or service sectors can have these features; this explains the mixed findings in the literature. The second approach is applied in the third core chapter, which examines the issue in the medium and long term. The issues of inequality and spatial and ethnic poverty are also discussed in this chapter. The result confirms that more rapid growth of the sectors identified as the most pro-poor in the previous chapter is the most pro-poor long term sectoral growth pattern. Even the most pro-poor growth pattern generates a difference in spatial and ethnic poverty, and increases inequality. The thesis contributes to the improvement of the research methodology and a better understanding of the relationship between shocks, sectoral growth and poverty. The findings of the thesis provide policy implications for poverty reduction. There is an urgent need to improve the safety net system that helps people cope with adverse shocks. Promoting labour-intensive industry is not the only way to promote pro-poor growth. Industries that have a close production linkage with labour intensive industry have a strong interdependency with the rest of the economy, and the high poverty sensitivity of the people who benefit from the industry growth can also contribute largely to poverty reduction. As a result, the most pro-poor sector can be a sub-sector in the agriculture, industry or service sectors. This introduces more diversified and broader insights into the pro-poor sectoral growth pattern, which can widen policy choices for countries and be tailored to the country’s condition rather than narrowly advocating the development of the agricultural sectors.
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King, Anthony. "Managing without institutions : the role of communication networks in governing resource access and control." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36402/.
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The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the way groups or individuals tackle resource access and control problems does not always reflect identifiable institutional processes. This was tested through a case study of livelihoods and resource access problems of a Kenyan coastal community dependent on small scale fisheries. The structure of the study was based on the need to understand the context in which people live in order to interpret their behaviour. Each chapter sought to examine aspects of people's social and biophysical setting, paying particular attention to changes and causes of change. This involved a reconstruction of the community's historical relations with other groups in their area; socio-economic analysis of the livelihoods of different groups within the community; and social network analysis of people's actions in response to resource access and control problems. All groups within the community depended on a range of activities to provide food and income, but the role of fishing was dominant. Changes in local natural environments were shown to have led to a decrease in household productivity over the last five decades. This was attributed to colonialism, international development and cultural changes. This also led to increased effort in the sea, leading to overfishing. The overall socio-economic situation of the community was revealed as poor. Social network analysis showed that administrative and political actors were found to be more important than actors with a legal mandate to solve resource related problems. It was shown that formal institutions relating to natural resources stifled the process of problem resolution. Local people were found to use alternative processes, based on communication networks, to solve problems, thus supporting the hypothesis. The findings stress the importance of understanding local people's socio-economic and socio-political situation before developing resource management strategies. Resource managers could make use of social network analysis to identify and understand the roles of key people, groups and organisations.
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Sales, Heredia Francisco Javier. "Distributive justice and poverty alleviation in Mexico (1992-2000)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2667/.
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The liberal debate on egalitarian distributive justice was originally developed with affluent occidental countries in mind. We might ask whether the liberal egalitarian distributive question has a different answer when we consider countries with a different social justice answer should in principle better interpret a political conception of social justice for a poor society, and within this general distributive principle provide specific theoretical distributive criteria for the design of poverty alleviation programmes. I claim, as a possible answer to this theoretical question that egalitarianism could be better served by using a mixed distributive. I maintain that in extreme scarcity situations egalitarians should rather appeal to a moral pluralist view where many factors matter when we compare various feasible distributions, not only equality. This “hybrid” distributive view, which I have called Progressive Sufficiency would not give ultimate importance to equality; it would give priority to the worse off over the better off individuals only under some circumstances and would consider that several morally relevant thresholds should be clarified. Another problem relates to the type of goods upon we should focus when dealing with interpersonal comparisons. Three types are commonly distinguished: welfare, resources and capability. Progressive sufficiency for instance would recommend thresholds in advantage with the first one described in absolute terms and the second and third described in progressive increases of benefits, taking as the measure of benefits the average held by the proportion of the population within thresholds. Thus we could conclude that both analysis either of the distributive criterion and the currency of the distribution naturally fit together in a general prioritarian argument with graded steps of benefits. My case study is Mexico and some of its recent poverty alleviation programmes (1992-2000). In terms of developing countries, the Mexican case is interesting because most of its institutions and policies have being inspired by liberal ideas that have succeeded in creating a moderately strong economy, but have failed in the fair distribution of scarce resources.
Books on the topic "Social Conditions – history – Kosovo"
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informacije, Yugoslavia Sekretarijat za. Kosovo and Metohija. Beograd: Federal Secretariat of Information, 1998.
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Đukić, Ostoja D. Kosovo i Metohija: Srpski zid plača. Čelinac: Narodna biblioteka "Ivo Andrić", 2011.
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Kosovo tutto OK: Attraverso un giovane paese stanco di guerra. Trento: Il Margine, 2010.
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Sociology after Bosnia and Kosovo: Recovering justice. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.
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Kosovo, 1999-2000: The flight of reason. London: Trolley, 2002.
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Nebojša, Jerković, ed. Kosovo and Metohija: An integral part of the Republic of Serbia and FR of Yugoslavia : documents and facts. Belgrade: Review of International Affairs, 1995.
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Qendra kosovare për studime gjinore, ed. Histori është edhe tregimi i saj: Historia e grave në shoqërinë civile, 1980-2004. Prishtinë, Kosovë: Qendra kosovare për studime gjinore, 2009.
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Lemmel, Holger. Kosovo-Albaner in Deutschland: Eine Bedrohung für die innere Sicherheit? : Historie, Politik, Erkenntnisse, Analysen, Lagebilder, Bekämpfung, Prognosen--Szenario 2000. Lübeck: Schmidt-Römhild, 1997.
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Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, ed. The military and law enforcement in peace operations: Lessons from Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo. Wien: Lit, 2010.
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Ja i moja multikulturna ulica. Beograd: Feministička 94, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Social Conditions – history – Kosovo"
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Price, M. Philips. "Labour Conditions and Social Security." In A History of Turkey, 196–205. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003242802-21.
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Taylor, David. "Social and Economic Conditions in Britain 1793–1822." In Mastering Economic and Social History, 219–37. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19377-6_15.
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Hitti, Philip K. "Political Administration and Social Conditions Under the Umayvads." In History of the Arabs, 224–39. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-03982-8_20.
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Jopp, Tobias A., and Jochen Streb. "Social insurance and its consequences for workers' living conditions." In An Economic History of the First German Unification, 217–35. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003283430-16.
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Sutterlütti, Simon, and Stefan Meretz. "The Individual and Society." In Make Capitalism History, 109–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14645-9_5.
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AbstractIn this chapter, the authors’ own theoretical foundations are outlined. Their theory of the individual comes from Klaus Holzkamp’s Critical Psychology. For Critical Psychology, humans stand out from animals because they produce their own living conditions such as houses, infrastructure, language or state, racism and market, and therefore can change them. According to Critical Psychology, humans have both sensual-vital needs such as the pursuit of food or shelter, and productive needs to participate in the disposition of the societal conditions in order to secure the sources of need satisfaction. They understand society as a material, symbolic and social framework for action that has a certain degree of independence. Society is determined by forms of mediation via market, state planning, self-organisation and so on. This mediation can provide a logic of inclusion that promotes solidary and just action, or a logic of exclusion that prompts living at the expense of others to satisfy one’s own needs.
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Chiaromonte, William. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Italy." In IMISCOE Research Series, 241–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_16.
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Abstract This chapter presents the main characteristics of the Italian social security system, on the one hand, and Italian migration history and key policy developments, on the other hand, in order to analyze the principal eligibility conditions for accessing social benefits (unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum resources) for national residents, non-national residents and non-resident nationals.
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Giacomucci, Scott. "Creating an Evidence Base for Social Work, Group Work, and Psychodrama." In Social Work, Sociometry, and Psychodrama, 187–210. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6342-7_10.
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AbstractThis chapter is devoted to outlining the research literature of psychodrama and group therapy. Evidence-based practice trends and their impact on practice in the field of social work are described. Psychodrama is also framed within the research bases of the humanistic-experiential psychotherapies, creative arts therapies, and body- and movement-oriented therapies. While the quality and quantity of research available on the effectiveness of psychodrama are limited, current findings support its use to as a treatment for various mental health conditions. Shortcomings and critiques of research in psychodrama are included while indicating a need for higher quality psychodrama research studies. The research history of psychodrama’s founder, Jacob Moreno, is also described to provide insight on psychodrama’s historical relationship to research.
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Arrighi, Jean-Thomas, and Jean-Michel Lafleur. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for French Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 193–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51245-3_11.
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Abstract While predominantly a country of immigration, France also counts with a sizeable population of citizens abroad of around three million individuals (4% of the domestic population). This chapter provides a general overview of France’s diaspora institutions, consular policies and social protection policies for citizens abroad. It describes in detail expatriates’ conditions of eligibility and access to welfare in the areas of unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and economic hardship. It shows that France, by European standards, has a comparatively strong level of engagement with its expatriates, particularly in the areas of electoral rights, culture and social protection. This must be understood in the light of France’s colonial history, its continued ambition to be a global actor, and its well-developed domestic welfare state that has increasingly become de-territorialised.
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Malcolm, Noel. "Crypto-Christianity and Religious Amphibianism in the Ottoman Balkans." In Rebels, Believers, Survivors, 55–67. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857297.003.0004.
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Christianity—secret adherence to Christian religious practices by people who outwardly professed Islam—is known to have occurred in several parts of the Ottoman Empire; this essay concerns the crypto-Christians of Kosovo, who were very unusual in adhering to Roman Catholicism. Distinctions are made here between crypto-Christianity and a range of other practices or circumstances that have been partly confused with it in previous accounts: the fact of close social coexistence between Muslims and Christians; the existence of religious syncretism, which allowed the borrowing and sharing of some ritual practices; and the principle of ‘theological equivalentism’ (the claim, made by some Muslims, that each person could be saved in his or her own faith). These things were not the same as crypto-Christianity, but they involved different kinds of religious ‘amphibianism’, creating conditions in which crypto-Christianity could survive more easily. The story of Catholic crypto-Christianity in Kosovo and northern Albania begins with reports from Catholic priests in the seventeenth century. Contributory factors seem to have been the economic incentive for men to convert to Islam to escape the taxes on Christians, and the fact that women (who were not tax-payers) could remain Christian, as Christian wives were permitted under Islamic law. This essay then traces the history of the crypto-Catholics of Kosovo, who survived, despite the strong official disapproval of the Church, into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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Andersen, Dan H., and Jens Chr V. Johansen. "Economy and social conditions." In The Cambridge History of Scandinavia, 454–508. Cambridge University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cho9781139031639.026.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Social Conditions – history – Kosovo"
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Bendayan, R., and RJ Dobson. "OP21 Cognitive performance and history of multiple health conditions in older adults." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health and International Epidemiology Association European Congress Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hosted by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and International Epidemiology Association (IEA), School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4–6 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.21.
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Behluli, Arbresha. "IMPACT OF THE ENVIRONMENT, CONDITIONS AND LOADS AT WORK ON THE MOTIVATION OF THE WORKERS OF HOTEL ENTERPRISES IN THE FERIZAJ REGION (REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO)." In 5th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/1.4/s04.033.
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Dimitrova, Svetoslava, and Sonya Spasova. "REGIONAL LIBRARIES AND REGIONAL HISTORY MUSEUMS IN BULGARIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF LOCKDOWN: SOCIAL NETWORK CASE STUDY." In 13th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2021.1169.
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Scharmen, Fred. "A Brief Pre-History of Houses Who Tweet." In 105th ACSA Annual Meeting Paper Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.105.75.
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There are currently only a few houses who use social media. But with the increasing availability of inexpensive hardware, and prolific networked software, the number of houses who actively communicate online in one way or another is sure to grow. An examination of some tweeting house types from within the context of architecture history and theory reveals some models for how this social architecture might develop.This paper shows that tweeting houses raise concerns that are solidly within the set of questions traditionally addressed by architecture. The tweeting house’s existence depends on acts of translation between different media, some managed by a designer, some automated. The tweeting house actively presents social and tectonic affordances that offer opportunities for engagement, functional and otherwise. And finally, tweeting houses raise issues about the public, external representation of a set of private, internal conditions, some of them personal to the house’s occupants, some of them intended for broader reading. This paper will use examples from the history of architecture, adjacent design disciplines, computer science, science fiction, and hybrid example projects that partake of all of these fields, to show that while the house with a social media account is a unique and new techno-architectural possibility, it is not without history or precedent.
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Palipane, Kelum, and Janet McGaw. "An Interdisciplinary Architectural Pedagogy for Social Relevance." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.61.
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We live in a time of rapid geo-political change that is expected to accelerate rather than stabilise over the coming decades: More than half the world lives in urban areas, a figure expected to rise to 68% over the next 30 years. Cities are denser and more socially complex than ever before. Rural to urban internal migration continues, but a substantial driver of population transitions is a consequence of inter-national immigration, some of it forced. In fact, there are currently 65 million displaced people in the world; the largest figure in history. These increasingly complex conditions require architects to practice a new kind of critical consciousness about the socio-economic, environmental and demographic multiplicities in which they work. It’s no longer enough to concentrate on the conditions of a site defined by the lines of property ownership. Architects need to adopt a contextually relevant praxis that responds to the multiscalar effects of our changing social condition. To that end, we argue, the emerging generation of architects will need knowledge and methods – often inter-disciplinary – that enable them to read and represent these social complexities and address them through critical design responses. This paper presents a pedagogical approach for a foundational transdisciplinary design studio within a new generalist undergraduate degree in design in which this pedagogical challenge is addressed. It is a core subject in the pathway to professional a master’s degrees in architecture, landscape architecture and urban design.
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Dyachkov, V. "MIGRATION OF RUSSIAN POPULATION FROM 1880s TO 1940s: CONDITIONS, METHODOLOGY AND TECHNIQUE OF INVESTIGATION." In Man and Nature: Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2592.s-n_history_2021_44/106-114.
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The article states the methodological and research technique conditions for the historical disclosure of the socio-natural synergy of social history in the specific case of Russian population migrations in the more than eventful period from the reign of Alexander III to the Great Patriotic War and the first post-war years, inclusive. The requirements for a modern researcher of social processes on long continuous series of complex sociographic and demographic information are formulated. The public and author's mass sources are named, which are necessary for identifying and comparing the synergisms of migrations at five levels of populations of individual settlements, a subregion, a region, a macro-region and the country as a whole, and an algorithm for their processing is shown. Some of the most important results of the study of migration as a complex socio-natural mechanism of regulation and control of populations are presented in graphs, diagrams, histograms and maps.
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Fotova Čiković, Katerina. "COVID-19 CRISIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM’S RESPONSE IN SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CAS FRAMEWORK." In 5th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2021 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.s.p.2021.75.
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The global COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the world in 2020 and it has been recognized as the biggest stress test in the history of the European Union. The pandemic is inflicting high and rising human costs worldwide, and the necessary protection measures are severely impacting economic activity. As a result of the pandemic, the global economy had been projected to contract sharply by –3 percent in 2020, which is much worse than during the 2008– 09 Global financial crisis. In these difficult and challenging times, countries and societies need to adapt to the new situation while minimizing the negative social and economic implications. This paper discusses how different governments in the South East Europe region (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia) have managed and dealt with the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of the current literature on COVID-19 is conducted. This paper should enable a better understanding of how different governments have faced the pandemic and how and to which extent they facilitated a proactive and timely approach towards crisis management. The objective of this study is to theorize a CAS (Complex Adaptive System) framework to evaluate the prevention, preparedness, response and crisis management and strategies used during the pandemic and assess the steps taken so far by the selected Southeast European transitional countries for tackling the COVID-19 crisis up to September 2020.
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Schwartz, Horacio. "Tel Aviv: from Patrick Geddes' Utopian Social City to the International City of Late Capitalism." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.20.
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In contemporary society – according to Dennis Potter’s dictum – citizens have been transformed into consumers. The shift in social power behind this process is mirrored in the changing shape of the city. Tel Aviv, founded just eighty five years ago, is an extreme example of the interaction between urban conceptions and configurations and dominant social forces. By means of a schematic section through the history of the city, this paper attempts an assessment of the role of those forces and conceptions – or their absence – in determining the nature and scope of the present transformations of the urban fabric. Tel-Aviv is an assemblage of past and recent urban utopias, constrained by conditions, scaled-down and transformed, but still identifiable and influential. Partly “collision city” and partly “collage city” – in Colin Rowe’s terms – its growth, while chronologically continuous, resulted in a fragmented pattern; each district reflecting the urban ideals and historical conditions under which it came into being. Four determinant stages can be detected in the ascent of the city.
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خزعل جبر, لؤي. "Social Psychological Dynamics of the Saddamist and ISIS genocides in Iraq." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/11.
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Genocide is an attempt to wipe out an entire group of human beings, either directly by killing them, or indirectly by creating conditions favorable to their death, for disciplinary purposes aimed at punishing, blaming and retaliating against the victim, routine institutionalization in the context of war, utilitarianism aimed at achieving a specific gain, A monopoly aimed at identifying the dominant in power, and an ideology aimed at creating an optimal society and erasing all that is impure. The scientific study of genocide in a calm cognitive way is a humanitarian and historical necessity, because the horrific and tragic outcomes of this phenomenon threaten the depth of human existence and human values. It is a complex phenomenon that can be approached from multiple sides, philosophical, political, sociological, economic, historical and psychological, each of these approaches has a great value in understanding the phenomenon, but the psychological and social dimensions are at the core of these approaches. In a previous study by the researcher on the Iraqi historical memory (Ghabr, 2014), the strength of the presence of the genocides - Saddamism and terrorism - was found among the most important events in contemporary Iraqi history in the Iraqi historical memory, and it fell within the first factor (suffering) in the content of that memory, the factor that Intertwined with a complex web of relationships with political cultures and social movements. Therefore, the current study will work on clarifying the psychosocial dynamics of genocide through a comprehensive review of the specialized literature, and employing those insights in understanding the genocide in the Iraqi context, as the Iraqi context witnessed multiple and horrific genocide campaigns, in the time of totalitarianism and Daaeshism, and such an approach constitutes an existential necessity in Iraq.
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Oleynikov, Yu. "SOCIETIES AND CIVILIZATIONS: PRIORITIES OF MODERN RESEARCH." In Man and Nature: Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2580.s-n_history_2021_44/18-26.
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Despite of unprecedented level of financing and IT support, the world science didn’t demonstrate meaningful fundamental achievements in study of the ecologic problems of interaction between nature and society and the socio-natural history within the recent 50 years. Social and ideology causes of conceptual infertility of social ecology and of social sciences as a whole are analyzed, such infertility rooted in absence of conditions for creative research into problems of profound social-economic transformation of the society and for search of real paths of development of the social form of being of humans and of the whole of planet’s socio-natural Universum. Ideological engagement of contemporary scholars and their leaning towards the “end of history” and “sustainable development” concepts as a justification of eternal and qualitative stability of liberal capitalism are the reasons of this situation in philosophy and in distinct natural and social sciences. Narrow specialization of scholars, poor knowledge of theoretical heritage accumulated in various countries are of considerable importance as well, these drawbacks not allowing for synthesis of data obtained in particular fields of science to lead to development of fundamental understanding about being of contemporary socio-natural whole.
Reports on the topic "Social Conditions – history – Kosovo"
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Harris, Bernard. Anthropometric history and the measurement of wellbeing. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.rev02.
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It has often been recognised that the average height of a population is influencedby the economic, social and environmental conditions in which it finds itself, andthis insight has inspired a generation of historians to use anthropometric data toinvestigate the health and wellbeing of past populations. This paper reviews someof the main developments in the field, and assesses the extent to which heightremains a viable measure of historical wellbeing. It explores a number of differentissues, including the nature of human growth; the impact of variations in diet andexposure to disease; the role of ethnicity; the relationships between height, mortalityand labour productivity; and the “social value” of human stature. It concludes that,despite certain caveats, height has retained its capacity to act as a “mirror” of theconditions of past societies, and of the wellbeing of their members.
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Demeuov, Аrman, Ordenbek Mazbayev, Gulbanu Aukenova, Ihor Kholoshyn, and Iryna Varfolomyeyeva. Pedagogical possibilities of tourist and local history activities. EDP Sciences, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4620.
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In the new socio-economic conditions in the education system, forms of organization of tourist and local history activities are developing, which are based on traditions, experience of extracurricular and extracurricular work, taking into account the changes that have occurred in the country. Life requires that the tasks facing educational institutions are resolved quickly and have not just any solution, but one that optimizes the pedagogical process. At the same time, these requirements come into conflict with the state of the education system, the limited ability of most parents to create conditions for the full development of the child. The tasks facing the education system can be implemented in tourism and local history activities. The main task is to create the necessary conditions for the comprehensive development of the child’s personality, his social adaptation in the process of participation in various types of tourist and local history activities. However, the school teacher is not ready to organize and conduct tourist and local history activities at school, as he is not professionally prepared for this activity. Questions of the organization, forms and methods of teacher training for the organization of tourist and local history activities are practically not reflected in the educational and methodological literature. There are no scientific studies that would allow us to effectively solve the pedagogical tasks of preparing the organizers of tourist and local history activities in the school.
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Bohuslavskyj, Oleh. UKRAINIAN-CANADIAN NEWSPAPER “NEW PATHWAY”: WINNIPEG PERIOD (1941-1977). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11391.
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The subject of the study is the ideological, financial, economic and socio-social conditions of the publishing house and the editorial board of the magazine “New Pathway” Winnipeg period 1941-1977. The main objectives is to determine the peculiarities of the conditions of publishing a Ukrainian magazine in exile, which provides for the systematization and introduction into scientific circulation of factual material on creative and material activities of the “New Pathway” and socio-political environment that influenced the information and ideological and business policy of the publication. The basis of the research methodology is axiological, cultural, systemic approaches; methods of historicism, analysis, synthesis, generalization were used. The study provides not only a description of the historical path of the publication in this period, but also the reasons for miscalculations and successes, both financial and economic and socio-political, which allowed not only to stay in the information field and market for more than ninety years, technical circumstances of its existence, the political struggle in the new wave of emigration after World War II, changes in demographic and linguistic situation among the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada. The reasons for the situational increase and decrease in the activity of the publication’s subscribers were identified; the mechanisms of expanding the readership, attracting new readers and authors are analyzed; confirmed that the efforts of editors and directors of the publishing house at the initial stage of the Winnipeg period created and strengthened the material and technical base of the publishing house, conducted advertising campaigns and direct work to attract new subscribers and readers; The significance of the study is that for the first time in Ukraine the information about the Winnipeg period of the Ukrainian-Canadian weekly “New Pathway”, its financial and financial problems and creative and editorial successes was analyzed and summarized, thus filling another page in the history of Ukrainian diaspora periodicals.
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Avis, William. Refugee and Mixed Migration Displacement from Afghanistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.002.
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This rapid literature review summarises evidence and key lessons that exist regarding previous refugee and mixed migration displacement from Afghanistan to surrounding countries. The review identified a diverse literature that explored past refugee and mixed migration, with a range of quantitative and qualitative studies identified. A complex and fluid picture is presented with waves of mixed migration (both outflow and inflow) associated with key events including the: Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989); Afghan Civil War (1992–96); Taliban Rule (1996–2001); War in Afghanistan (2001–2021). A contextual picture emerges of Afghans having a long history of using mobility as a survival strategy or as social, economic and political insurance for improving livelihoods or to escape conflict and natural disasters. Whilst violence has been a principal driver of population movements among Afghans, it is not the only cause. Migration has also been associated with natural disasters (primarily drought) which is considered a particular issue across much of the country – this is associated primarily with internal displacement. Further to this, COVID-19 is impacting upon and prompting migration to and from Afghanistan. Data on refugee and mixed migration movement is diverse and at times contradictory given the fluidity and the blurring of boundaries between types of movements. Various estimates exist for numbers of Afghanistan refugees globally. It is also important to note that migratory flows are often fluid involving settlement in neighbouring countries, return to Afghanistan. In many countries, Afghani migrants and refugees face uncertain political situations and have, in recent years, been ‘coerced’ into returning to Afghanistan with much discussion of a ‘return bias’ being evident in official policies. The literature identified in this report (a mix of academic, humanitarian agency and NGO) is predominantly focused on Pakistan and Iran with a less established evidence base on the scale of Afghan refugee and migrant communities in other countries in the region. . Whilst conflict has been a primary driver of displacement, it has intersected with drought conditions and poor adherence to COVID-19 mitigation protocols. Past efforts to address displacement internationally have affirmed return as the primary objective in relation to durable solutions; practically, efforts promoted improved programming interventions towards creating conditions for sustainable return and achieving improved reintegration prospects for those already returned to Afghanistan.
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Afro-descendant Peoples’ Territories in Biodiversity Hotspots across Latin America and the Caribbean: Barriers to Inclusion in Conservation Policies. Rights and Resources Initiative, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/ftmk5991.
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Afro-descendant Peoples are an integral part of the history and the economic, political, and social processes of nation-building and development in Latin America and the Caribbean. In fact, national censuses estimate that 21 percent of the region’s total population—just over 134 million people—are Afro-descendants. Yet, despite significant legislative progress at the international and national levels recognizing cultural and ethnic diversity and the rights of Afro-descendant Peoples, social and economic conditions are still drastically unequal and there are large information and recognition gaps that affect their rights. This study seeks to raise awareness of the territorial presence of Afro-descendant Peoples in 16 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean*. The aim is to progressively identify the presence, titled and untitled lands, and territories of Afro-descendant Peoples and to advocate for the recognition of their collective tenure rights. Although Afro-descendant Peoples in the region have been fighting for a place in international climate and conservation debates, not having defined boundaries for their ancestral lands has been an obstacle to adequately establishing how important their territories are for protecting biodiversity and dealing with complex challenges such as ecosystem degradation, loss of food systems, and other environmental problems. *The 16 countries studied are: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.