Journal articles on the topic 'Social communication signal'
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Wittwer, Bernadette, Abraham Hefetz, Tovit Simon, Li E. K. Murphy, Mark A. Elgar, Naomi E. Pierce, and Sarah D. Kocher. "Solitary bees reduce investment in communication compared with their social relatives." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 25 (May 22, 2017): 6569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620780114.
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Social animals must communicate to define group membership and coordinate social organization. For social insects, communication is predominantly mediated through chemical signals, and as social complexity increases, so does the requirement for a greater diversity of signals. This relationship is particularly true for advanced eusocial insects, including ants, bees, and wasps, whose chemical communication systems have been well-characterized. However, we know surprisingly little about how these communication systems evolve during the transition between solitary and group living. Here, we demonstrate that the sensory systems associated with signal perception are evolutionarily labile. In particular, we show that differences in signal production and perception are tightly associated with changes in social behavior in halictid bees. Our results suggest that social species require a greater investment in communication than their solitary counterparts and that species that have reverted from eusociality to solitary living have repeatedly reduced investment in these potentially costly sensory perception systems.
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Ord, Terry J., and Joan Garcia-Porta. "Is sociality required for the evolution of communicative complexity? Evidence weighed against alternative hypotheses in diverse taxonomic groups." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1597 (July 5, 2012): 1811–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0215.
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Complex social communication is expected to evolve whenever animals engage in many and varied social interactions; that is, sociality should promote communicative complexity. Yet, informal comparisons among phylogenetically independent taxonomic groups seem to cast doubt on the putative role of social factors in the evolution of complex communication. Here, we provide a formal test of the sociality hypothesis alongside alternative explanations for the evolution of communicative complexity. We compiled data documenting variations in signal complexity among closely related species for several case study groups—ants, frogs, lizards and birds—and used new phylogenetic methods to investigate the factors underlying communication evolution. Social factors were only implicated in the evolution of complex visual signals in lizards. Ecology, and to some degree allometry, were most likely explanations for complexity in the vocal signals of frogs (ecology) and birds (ecology and allometry). There was some evidence for adaptive evolution in the pheromone complexity of ants, although no compelling selection pressure was identified. For most taxa, phylogenetic null models were consistently ranked above adaptive models and, for some taxa, signal complexity seems to have accumulated in species via incremental or random changes over long periods of evolutionary time. Becoming social presumably leads to the origin of social communication in animals, but its subsequent influence on the trajectory of signal evolution has been neither clear-cut nor general among taxonomic groups.
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Tang, Zifei, Xi Wang, Mingyang Wu, Shiwang Chen, and Jinhua Li. "Tibetan Macaques with Higher Social Centrality and More Relatives Emit More Frequent Visual Communication in Collective Decision-Making." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030876.
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Animals on the move often communicate with each other through some specific postures. Previous studies have shown that social interaction plays a role in communication process. However, it is not clear whether the affinity of group members can affect visual communication. We studied a group of free-ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Huangshan Mountain, China, and answered whether and how social centrality or relatives matter in visual signals during group movement using Tobit regression modeling. All individuals emitted the signals of back-glances and pauses in collective movement. The emission of two signals decreased with the number of participants increased. The back-glance and pause signals emitted by the participating individuals were stronger as the position moved backward in the group. Sex, age, and rank had no significant influence on back-glance and pause signals. Individuals with higher social centrality would emit more pause signals, but social centrality had no effect on the back-glance signal. Individuals with more relatives in the group had more back-glance signals, but this had no effect on the pause signal. This study verifies that social centrality and the number of relatives have effects on visual signals in Tibetan macaques. We provide insights into the relationship between communication behaviors and group cooperation in social animals.
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Maruska, Karen P., and Julie M. Butler. "Endocrine Modulation of Sending and Receiving Signals in Context-Dependent Social Communication." Integrative and Comparative Biology 61, no. 1 (May 13, 2021): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab074.
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Abstract Animal communication requires senders to transmit signals through the environment to conspecific receivers, which then leads to context-dependent behavioral decisions. Sending and receiving sensory information in social contexts, however, can be dramatically influenced by an individual’s internal state, particularly in species that cycle in and out of breeding or other physiological condition like nutritional state or social status. Modulatory substances like steroids, peptides, and biogenic amines can influence both the substrates used for sending social signals (e.g., motivation centers, sensorimotor pathways, and muscles) as well as the peripheral sensory organs and central neural circuitry involved in the reception of this information and subsequent execution of behavioral responses. This issue highlights research from neuroethologists on the topic of modulation of sending and receiving social signals and demonstrates that it can occur in both males and females, in different senses at both peripheral sensory organs and the brain, at different levels of biological organization, on different temporal scales, in various social contexts, and across many diverse vertebrate taxa. Modifying a signal produced by a sender or how that signal is perceived in a receiver provides flexibility in communication and has broad implications for influencing social decisions like mate choice, which ultimately affects reproductive fitness and species persistence. This phenomenon of modulators and internal physiological state impacting communication abilities is likely more widespread than currently realized and we hope this issue inspires others working on diverse systems to examine this topic from different perspectives. An integrative and comparative approach will advance discovery in this field and is needed to better understand how endocrine modulation contributes to sexual selection and the evolution of animal communication in general.
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Barbeisch, Victoria, and Archana Krishnan. "Applying Signaling Theory to Examine Credibility and Impression Management on Social Media." Journal of Communication Technology 5, no. 2 (August 22, 2022): 48–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51548/joctec-2022-008.
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This study adapts and extends signaling theory to examine perceptions of credibility, gender, homophily, and impression management on social media. Specifically, the influence of different signal types – conventional, assessment, and strategic signals. A 2x3 experimental design was conducted to examine the effect of source gender and signal type on receiver perceptions of source and message credibility, homophily, and impressions of the source. Findings confirm that different signal types affect the perception of message and source credibility on social media. Concepts of gender and homophily were not impacted by signal types in this research. With the increase of image-oriented social media such as Instagram, these results demonstrate the sender's role in the person perception process. The role of signaling theory for strategic communication practices is addressed, and future theoretical directions are considered.
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Morency, Louis-philippe. "Modeling Human Communication Dynamics [Social Sciences." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 27, no. 5 (September 2010): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2010.937500.
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Sheehan, Michael J., Judy Jinn, and Elizabeth A. Tibbetts. "Coevolution of visual signals and eye morphology in Polistes paper wasps." Biology Letters 10, no. 4 (April 2014): 20140254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0254.
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To be effective, signals must propagate through the environment and be detected by receivers. As a result, signal form evolves in response to both the constraints imposed by the transmission environment and receiver perceptual abilities. Little work has examined the extent to which signals may act as selective forces on receiver sensory systems to improve the efficacy of communication. If receivers benefit from accurate signal assessment, selection could favour sensory organs that improve discrimination of established signals. Here, we provide evidence that visual resolution coevolves with visual signals in Polistes wasps. Multiple Polistes species have variable facial patterns that function as social signals, whereas other species lack visual signals. Analysis of 19 Polistes species shows that maximum eye facet size is positively associated with both eye size and presence of visual signals. Relatively larger facets within the eye's acute zone improve resolution of small images, such as wasp facial signals. Therefore, sensory systems may evolve to optimize signal assessment. Sensory adaptations to facilitate signal detection may represent an overlooked area of the evolution of animal communication.
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Nota, Naomi, James P. Trujillo, and Judith Holler. "Facial Signals and Social Actions in Multimodal Face-to-Face Interaction." Brain Sciences 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081017.
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In a conversation, recognising the speaker’s social action (e.g., a request) early may help the potential following speakers understand the intended message quickly, and plan a timely response. Human language is multimodal, and several studies have demonstrated the contribution of the body to communication. However, comparatively few studies have investigated (non-emotional) conversational facial signals and very little is known about how they contribute to the communication of social actions. Therefore, we investigated how facial signals map onto the expressions of two fundamental social actions in conversations: asking questions and providing responses. We studied the distribution and timing of 12 facial signals across 6778 questions and 4553 responses, annotated holistically in a corpus of 34 dyadic face-to-face Dutch conversations. Moreover, we analysed facial signal clustering to find out whether there are specific combinations of facial signals within questions or responses. Results showed a high proportion of facial signals, with a qualitatively different distribution in questions versus responses. Additionally, clusters of facial signals were identified. Most facial signals occurred early in the utterance, and had earlier onsets in questions. Thus, facial signals may critically contribute to the communication of social actions in conversation by providing social action-specific visual information.
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KNOX, DEAN, and CHRISTOPHER LUCAS. "A Dynamic Model of Speech for the Social Sciences." American Political Science Review 115, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 649–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000305542000101x.
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Speech and dialogue are the heart of politics: nearly every political institution in the world involves verbal communication. Yet vast literatures on political communication focus almost exclusively on what words were spoken, entirely ignoring how they were delivered—auditory cues that convey emotion, signal positions, and establish reputation. We develop a model that opens this information to principled statistical inquiry: the model of audio and speech structure (MASS). Our approach models political speech as a stochastic process shaped by fixed and time-varying covariates, including the history of the conversation itself. In an application to Supreme Court oral arguments, we demonstrate how vocal tone signals crucial information—skepticism of legal arguments—that is indecipherable to text models. Results show that justices do not use questioning to strategically manipulate their peers but rather engage sincerely with the presented arguments. Our easy-to-use R package, communication, implements the model and many more tools for audio analysis.
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Dunlop, Rebecca A. "The effects of vessel noise on the communication network of humpback whales." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 11 (November 2019): 190967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190967.
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Humpback whales rely on acoustic communication to mediate social interactions. The distance to which these social signals propagate from the signaller defines its communication space, and therefore communication network (number of potential receivers). As humpback whales migrate along populated coastlines, they are likely to encounter noise from vessel traffic which will mask their social signals. Since no empirical data exist on baleen whale hearing, the consequences of this are usually assumed, being the modelled reduction in their communication space. Here, the communication space and network of migrating humpback whales was compared in increasing wind-dominated and vessel-dominated noise. Behavioural data on their social interactions were then used to inform these models. In typical wind noise, a signaller's communication space was estimated to extend to 4 km, which agreed with the maximum separation distance between groups that socially interacted. An increase in vessel noise reduced the modelled communication area, along with a significant reduction in group social interactions, probably due to a reduction in their communication network. However, signal masking did not fully explain this change in social behaviour, implying there was also an additional effect of the physical presence of the vessel on signaller and receiver behaviour. Though these observed changes in communication space and social behaviour were likely to be short term and localized, an increase in vessel activity due to tourism and coastal population growth may cause more sustained changes along the humpback whale migration paths.
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Maestripieri, Dario. "Gestural Communication and Its Cognitive Implications in Pigtail Macaques (Macaca Nemestrina)." Behaviour 133, no. 13-14 (1996): 997–1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853996x00576.
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AbstractThe aims of this study were to identify the context of occurrence of some of the most prominent gestural signals in pigtail macaques and discuss the cognitive implications of some communicative interactions observed in this species. The occurrence of 15 selected visual and tactile behavior patterns in a multi-male multi-female captive group of pigtail macaques was recorded with the behavior sampling method in 100 h of observation. Bared-teeth, presentation, and lip-smack were primarily submissive signals displayed by both males and females, whereas nonthrusting mounts appeared to reflect dominance. Ventro-ventral embracing and eyebrow displays were used as affiliative and bonding patterns between females and between males, respectively. The pucker was the most frequent signal observed in the group. Although the pucker occurred in several different contexts, in most cases this signal served a distance-reducing or summoning function. Gestural signals appeared to be used by pigtail macaques to communicate emotional states and intentions to other individuals as well as to request the participation of other individuals in specific social interactions.
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Tomasello, Michael, Josep Call, Jennifer Warren, G. Thomas Frost, Malinda Carpenter, and Katherine Nagell. "The Ontogeny of Chimpanzee Gestural Signals." Evolution of Communication 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 223–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eoc.1.2.04tom.
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Observations of the gestural communication of two groups of captive chimpanzees are reported. For one group the observations represent a fourth longitudinal time point over a 12 year period; the other group was observed for the first time. There were two main questions. The first concerned how young chimpanzees use their gestures, with special foci on the flexibility displayed in signal use and on the sensitivity to audience displayed in signal choice. It was found that chimpanzees are very flexible in their signal use (different signals for same goal, same signal for different goals) and somewhat sensitive to audience (signal choice based on attentional state of recipient). The second question was how chimpanzees acquire their gestural signals. Comparisons between the two groups showed much individual variability both within and between groups. In addition, when each of the two contemporary groups was compared with the previous longitudinal time points for one of the groups, no differences in concordance were found. It was concluded that youngsters were not imitatively learning their communicatory gestures from conspecifics, but rather that they were individually ritualizing them with one another in social interaction. An experimental study in which two individuals were taught new gestures and returned to their groups — with no subsequent signs of imitation — corroborated this conclusion. Implications of the current findings for the understanding of chimpanzee communication and social learning are discussed.
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Steiger, Sandra, Wolf Haberer, and Josef K. Müller. "Social environment determines degree of chemical signalling." Biology Letters 7, no. 6 (June 8, 2011): 822–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0457.
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Few studies have attempted to distinguish between cues and signals in the context of chemical communication. A number of chemical substances have been shown to vary with physiological state, such as stage of oestrus cycle, fertility, dominance status or nutritional condition, but little is known about whether this variation is incidental or adaptive. Here, we provide evidence of a substance whose emission varies with breeding state, but is not merely an incidental by-product of physiological state, but rather, an evolved signal. Breeding females of the facultative biparental burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides , release methyl geranate, a substance that helps males to identify breeding status and to distinguish between their female partners and non-breeding intruders. We demonstrate that females respond flexibly to their social environment and emit high amounts of methyl geranate only in the presence of a male partner, i.e. a receiver. In contrast, cuticular hydrocarbons, which also have been shown to change with breeding status, are not modulated and do not differ between single and paired breeding females. Receiver-dependent chemical signalling is expected to evolve when costs are involved in the production or transmission of the signal; such signal modulation might be more common than previously thought.
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Wible, Cynthia Gayle. "Schizophrenia as a Disorder of Social Communication." Schizophrenia Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/920485.
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Evidence is reviewed for the existence of a core system for moment-to-moment social communication that is based on the perception of dynamic gestures and other social perceptual processes in the temporal-parietal occipital junction (TPJ), including the posterior superior temporal sulcus (PSTS) and surrounding regions. Overactivation of these regions may produce the schizophrenic syndrome. The TPJ plays a key role in the perception and production of dynamic social, emotional, and attentional gestures for the self and others. These include dynamic gestures of the body, face, and eyes as well as audiovisual speech and prosody. Many negative symptoms are characterized by deficits in responding within these domains. Several properties of this system have been discovered through single neuron recording, brain stimulation, neuroimaging, and the study of neurological impairment. These properties map onto the schizophrenic syndrome. The representation of dynamic gestures is multimodal (auditory, visual, and tactile), matching the predominant hallucinatory categories in schizophrenia. Inherent in the perceptual signal of gesture representation is a computation of intention, agency, and anticipation or expectancy (for the self and others). The neurons are also tuned or biased to rapidly detect threat-related emotions. I review preliminary evidence that overactivation of this system can result in schizophrenia.
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Plenković, Mario, and Daria Mustić. "Media communication and cultural hybridization of digital society." Media, culture and public relations 11, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32914/mcpr.11.2.3.
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The paper is analyzing basic operative terms of visual communication in contemporary digital media environment, which determinates analytical units of media communication and the new culture of communicating and message dissemination. Theory discussion is conducted by diachronic and synchrony analysis of elements of visual communication in digital environment and theory of public action. The main goal is to establish new communicative paradigm of media communication which includes the evaluation of digital skills, media literacy and the characteristics of the new hybrid dig-ital society. Authors observe modern media communication and visual digitalization, not only in technical sense of transmission and adjustment of analog signal into digital signal, but also, simultaneous development of digital culture and adaptation of media content, media production and distribution of content to the new web environment (Web 2.0, Web 3.0, Web 4.0 and theoretical possibilities of so called Web 5.0) de-riving the new contexts of social power.
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Wagner, Kyle, and James A. Reggia. "The emergence of an internally-grounded, multireferent communication system." Interaction Studies 7, no. 1 (March 23, 2006): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.7.1.06wag.
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Previous simulation work on the evolution of communication has not shown how a large signal repertoire could emerge in situated agents. We present an artificial life simulation of agents, situated in a two-dimensional world, that must search for other agents with whom they can trade resources. With strong restrictions on which resources can be traded for others, initially non-communicating agents evolve/learn a signal system that describes the resource they seek and the resource they are willing to offer in return. A large signal repertoire emerges mainly through an evolutionary process. Agents whose production and comprehension abilities rely on a single mechanism fare best, although learning enables agents with separate mechanisms to achieve some measure of success. These results demonstrate that substantial signaling repertoires can evolve in situated multi-agent systems, and suggest that simulated social interactions such as trading may provide a useful context for further computational studies of the evolution of communication.
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Uteshova, Z. "Communication culture and speech etiquette." Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/innovations-in-edu-vol-iss1-pp39-40.
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A person's worldview, his personal characteristics are formed precisely in society, in the place where he (the person) coexists. In the anthropological understanding, people are not born with a certain culture, but acquire it in the course of communication, on the basis of social activity, in particular, speech. The subject acquires a language that is a component of culture, and through its use gains access to its components. Therefore, the socialization of the personality takes place, during which the child's thinking and models of his behavior are formed, therefore the social function of the language as a means of communication, along with other factors, comes to the fore [2, 15-16]. The famous psychologist Luria argued that speech and its traces, which form the basis of the second signal system, allow one to distract and generalize the signals of reality, formulate intentions, and create the basis for ―forecasting‖ the future [4]. This means that speech also allows you to create long-term structures of excitation and creation of a program aimed at a known goal of human behavior. In turn, Yakubinsky noted human speech activity as a diverse phenomenon, determined by all the complex variety of factors and functions [8, 17-58].
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Aburumman, Nadine, Marco Gillies, Jamie A. Ward, and Antonia F. de C. Hamilton. "Nonverbal communication in virtual reality: Nodding as a social signal in virtual interactions." International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 164 (August 2022): 102819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2022.102819.
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Polyanskaya, Leona, Arthur G. Samuel, and Mikhail Ordin. "Speech Rhythm Convergence as a Social Coalition Signal." Evolutionary Psychology 17, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 147470491987933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704919879335.
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Patterns of nonverbal and verbal behavior of interlocutors become more similar as communication progresses. Rhythm entrainment promotes prosocial behavior and signals social bonding and cooperation. Yet, it is unknown if the convergence of rhythm in human speech is perceived and is used to make pragmatic inferences regarding the cooperative urge of the interactors. We conducted two experiments to answer this question. For analytical purposes, we separate pulse (recurring acoustic events) and meter (hierarchical structuring of pulses based on their relative salience). We asked the listeners to make judgments on the hostile or collaborative attitude of interacting agents who exhibit different or similar pulse (Experiment 1) or meter (Experiment 2). The results suggest that rhythm convergence can be a marker of social cooperation at the level of pulse, but not at the level of meter. The mapping of rhythmic convergence onto social affiliation or opposition is important at the early stages of language acquisition. The evolutionary origin of this faculty is possibly the need to transmit and perceive coalition information in social groups of human ancestors. We suggest that this faculty could promote the emergence of the speech faculty in humans.
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Brumm, Henrik. "Causes and consequences of song amplitude adjustment in a territorial bird: a case study in nightingales." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 76, no. 2 (June 2004): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652004000200017.
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Vocal amplitude, one of the crucial factors for the exchange of acoustic signals, has been neglected in studies of animal communication, but recent studies on song variation in Common Nightingales Luscinia megarhynchos have revealed new insights into its importance in the singing behavior of territorial birds. In nightingales song amplitude is not maximized per se, but is individually regulated according to the level of masking background noise. Also, birds adjust their vocal intensity according to social variables, as in male-male interactions. Moreover, during such interactions, males exploited the directionality of their songs to broadcast them in the direction of the intended receivers ensuring the most effective signal transmission. Studies of the development of this typical long-range signaling suggest that sound level is highly interrelated with overall developmental progression and learning, and thus should be viewed as an integral part of song ontogeny. I conclude that song amplitude is a dynamic feature of the avian signal system, which is individually regulated according to the ecological demands of signal transmission and the social context of communication.
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Caldart, Vinícius Matheus, Samanta Iop, and Sonia Zanini Cechin. "Social interactions in a neotropical stream frog reveal a complex repertoire of visual signals and the use of multimodal communication." Behaviour 151, no. 6 (2014): 719–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003165.
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Visual communication has evolved independently in several families of frogs and is complex in diurnal stream frogs. In addition to isolated visual and acoustic signals, some species may emit multimodal displays characterized by the association of these signals. Through the analysis of focal recordings obtained in situ in southern Brazil, we investigated the visual and multimodal communication in the diurnal stream frog Crossodactylus schmidti. We found a complex visual repertoire of nine signals used in intraspecific communication, of which the signal Both legs kicking was described for the first time. Males, females and juveniles emitted visual signals, but males had a larger repertoire and used most signals in agonistic interactions. The four most common visual signals, Toe flagging, Limb lifting, Body jerking and Running-jumping, were emitted predominantly upon rocks in the stream bed. The emission of isolated visual and acoustic signals, as well as audiovisual displays with simultaneous or temporally coupled components, demonstrates that the communication in C. schmidti is complex and that the multimodal displays may have different functions. We discuss the historical, behavioural, ecological factors which may have influenced the evolution of the visual repertoire of C. schmidti, and how the ritualization of derived activities similar to visual signals may have led to the evolution of part of the repertoire. This study provides novel results on visual and multimodal communication for the genus Crossodactylus and demonstrates that C. schmidti represents an appropriate model for studies of complex displays.
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Willemse, Christian J. A. M., Dirk K. J. Heylen, and Jan B. F. van Erp. "Communication via warm haptic interfaces does not increase social warmth." Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces 12, no. 4 (October 9, 2018): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12193-018-0276-0.
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Wilks, Linda. "Communicating an arts foundation’s values: sights, sounds and social media." Arts and the Market 6, no. 2 (October 3, 2016): 206–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aam-08-2015-0014.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test and refine the long-established signal transmission model of the communication process by examining the ways in which a newly formed nonprofit arts foundation communicated its professed values to its stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a mixed method case study approach. Interviews with key informants and observations of the foundation’s webpages enabled the identification of the professed values of the arts foundation. Next, a questionnaire survey established whether these values had been successfully decoded by stakeholders and identified the channels via which the values-related signals had been received. Findings The transmission model was found to be relevant as a model. However, to improve its fit within a nonprofit arts context, a modification to the model is suggested which highlights the importance of multi-sensory channels, the importance of context and the increasingly important role of the stakeholder. Research limitations/implications This study is a small-scale case study, although its mixed methods help to ensure validity. Practical implications The findings will help nonprofit arts organisations to decide how to best communicate their values to their stakeholders. Social implications The improved communications model will contribute to the enabling of organisations to uphold and transmit their values and thus improve society’s overall quality of life. Originality/value Literature which provides in-depth examination of the communication of values within a nonprofit arts context via a range of channels, including traditional, online and multi-sensory, is sparse. The opportunity to study a newly formed nonprofit arts organisation is also rare. The results of this study provide valuable evidence that even in today’s social media-rich world, people, sounds, sights and material objects in physical space still have a vital role to play in the communication of values.
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Chudý, Tomáš. "Jaká komunikace v technické době?" Sociální studia / Social Studies 17, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/soc2020-2-93.
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Communication, at least that which is potentially human-independent, makes the issue of what is actually communicated come to the fore. The whole set-up is new: real-time filtration and selection cast doubt on the idea of communication of objective representations. That is why the bundle signal-data-information-sign-message must be analysed, taking into account the possibility that communicative quanta can teleact by themselves. Distinguishing technogenic interactivity and natural interaction produces the concept of infogenic man, which facilitates a new definition of information as opposed to signal, but also serves well if applied to machine communication. A feature that helps discern data and information is the increase of complexity level. The key to communication, taking into account the machine context, is the interest in being “wired”; Luhmann’s theory of communication, based on triple selection (information, conveyance, understanding), is especially well-positioned to meet the demands of today’s technogenic communication. Non-linearity and analysis of the mechanisms for putting up with contingency are among the advantages of Luhmann’s theory, which also provides a framework to capture and distinguish the human and technogenic communicative factors.
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Campos, Stephanie M., and Selma S. Belkasim. "Chemical Communication in Lizards and a Potential Role for Vasotocin in Modulating Social Interactions." Integrative and Comparative Biology 61, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab044.
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Synopsis Lizards use chemical communication to mediate many reproductive, competitive, and social behaviors, but the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying chemical communication in lizards are not well understood and understudied. By implementing a neuroendocrine approach to the study of chemical communication in reptiles, we can address a major gap in our knowledge of the evolutionary mechanisms shaping chemical communication in vertebrates. The neuropeptide arginine vasotocin (AVT) and its mammalian homolog vasopressin are responsible for a broad spectrum of diversity in competitive and reproductive strategies in many vertebrates, mediating social behavior through the chemosensory modality. In this review, we posit that, though limited, the available data on AVT-mediated chemical communication in lizards reveal intriguing patterns that suggest AVT plays a more prominent role in lizard chemosensory behavior than previously appreciated. We argue that these results warrant more research into the mechanisms used by AVT to modify the performance of chemosensory behavior and responses to conspecific chemical signals. We first provide a broad overview of the known social functions of chemical signals in lizards, the glandular sources of chemical signal production in lizards (e.g., epidermal secretory glands), and the chemosensory detection methods and mechanisms used by lizards. Then, we review the locations of vasotocinergic populations and neuronal projections in lizard brains, as well as sites of peripheral receptors for AVT in lizards. Finally, we end with a case study in green anoles (Anolis carolinensis), discussing findings from recently published work on the impact of AVT in adult males on chemosensory communication during social interactions, adding new data from a similar study in which we tested the impact of AVT on chemosensory behavior of adult females. We offer concluding remarks on addressing several fundamental questions regarding the role of AVT in chemosensory communication and social behavior in lizards.
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Qiu, Shi, Pengcheng An, Jun Hu, Ting Han, and Matthias Rauterberg. "Understanding visually impaired people’s experiences of social signal perception in face-to-face communication." Universal Access in the Information Society 19, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 873–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10209-019-00698-3.
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Francescoli, Gabriel. "Environmental factors could constrain the use of long-range vocal signals in solitary tuco-tucos (Ctenomys; Rodentia, Ctenomyidae) reproduction." Journal of Ecoacoustics 1, no. 1 (December 5, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22261/jea.r7yfp0.
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Ctenomys are mainly solitary subterranean rodents. Life underground has advantages (protection against predators, environmental control and reduced competition) but also implies disadvantages (digging costs, coping with hypercapnia, physiological and sensory changes, and communication problems) that can affect the social structure. Reproduction is a critical moment in the use of the signal repertoire, because individuals should locate in space, travel to, contact and copulate with a suitable partner. Energy expenditure involved in digging (connecting) tunnels makes difficult to attain a partner burrow system, but predation risk involved in moving above ground can counterbalance it and coupled with the spatial structure of the population, can determine the best communicative strategy to contact and locate a potential partner. Vocalisations allow to communicate over longer distances an with a reduced risk, while chemical signals, mostly aimed at vomerolfaction involve proximity or direct contact with the sample odour thus making information gathering more risky. As Ctenomys can use different signal types to gather different types of information leading to copulation, we propose that the use of these signals would be flexible, depending mostly on population spatial structure and type of predators living in the zone. This is because differences among species and/or populations in the use and characteristics of long-range vocalisations could be induced by environmental and/or social factors. This variation could be considered as a case of phenotypic plasticity, determining communication strategies variability in reproductive context, mostly dependent on long-range communication signals and the behaviour of males.
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Yang, Weiyu, Jia Wu, and Jingwen Luo. "Effective Data Transmission and Control Based on Social Communication in Social Opportunistic Complex Networks." Complexity 2020 (June 8, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3721579.
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In opportunistic complex networks, information transmission between nodes is inevitable through broadcast. The purpose of broadcasting is to distribute data from source nodes to all nodes in the network. In opportunistic complex networks, it is mainly used for routing discovery and releasing important notifications. However, when a large number of nodes in the opportunistic complex networks are transmitting information at the same time, signal interference will inevitably occur. Therefore, we propose a low-latency broadcast algorithm for opportunistic complex networks based on successive interference cancellation techniques to improve propagation delay. With this kind of algorithm, when the social network is broadcasting, this algorithm analyzes whether the conditions for successive interference cancellation are satisfied between the broadcast links on the assigned transmission time slice. If the conditions are met, they are scheduled at the same time slice, and interference avoidance scheduling is performed when conditions are not met. Through comparison experiments with other classic algorithms of opportunistic complex networks, this method has outstanding performance in reducing energy consumption and improving information transmission efficiency.
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Niznikiewicz, Margaret. "How Communication Happens—Where Physical Properties and Meaning Meet in the Brain: Evidence from Semantic, Prosodic and Face Processing Studies." Anglica Wratislaviensia 60 (December 30, 2022): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.60.8.
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Communication in social groups, especially in human societies, is predicated on efficient decoding of physical properties of auditory and visual signals into messages. In this brief overview, I will discuss processes that lead to our experience of receiving a message focusing on semantic, prosodic and face processing operations. In spite of the fact that we experience such messaging as nearly instantaneous, it involves complex interactions between multiple brain regions that support processes involved in communication. In the course of such interactions neural operations analyze a physical signal, extract its features into abstract representations and assign meaning to them. Furthermore, abnormalities in these processes, brought about by either structural or functional deficits, result in profound cognitive difficulties that often manifest as clinical symptomatology. This chapter discusses in some detail which brain networks make social communication possible, as well as the consequences of their abnormalities.
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Brandizzi, Nicolo’, Davide Grossi, and Luca Iocchi. "RLupus: Cooperation through emergent communication in The Werewolf social deduction game." Intelligenza Artificiale 15, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ia-210081.
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This paper focuses on the emergence of communication to support cooperation in environments modeled as social deduction games (SDG), that are games where players communicate freely to deduce each others’ hidden intentions. We first state the problem by giving a general formalization of SDG and a possible solution framework based on reinforcement learning. Next, we focus on a specific SDG, known as The Werewolf, and study if and how various forms of communication influence the outcome of the game. Experimental results show that introducing a communication signal greatly increases the winning chances of a class of players. We also study the effect of the signal’s length and range on the overall performance showing a non-linear relationship.
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Casas, Jérôme, Christelle Magal, and Jérôme Sueur. "Dispersive and non-dispersive waves through plants: implications for arthropod vibratory communication." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1613 (February 6, 2007): 1087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0306.
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Vibratory communication in arthropods is a widespread phenomenon. Arthropods living on plants have been reported to use only dispersive bending waves in the context of prey–predator, competition, social and sexual interactions. Differences in signal structure have also been postulated to work as species recognition mechanisms and speciation agents. Using two identical laser Doppler vibrometers and a wavelet analysis, we quantified the wave propagation modes in rush stems ( Juncus effusus ) over the whole range of frequencies used by arthropods. A non-dimensionalized analysis shows that mechanical waves propagate not only as dispersive bending waves, but also as non-dispersive waves. Our analysis implies that an arthropod can communicate through non-dispersive bending waves by either producing signals of high frequencies or by choosing large stems, two widely different options tapping into the physiological and the behavioural repertoires, respectively. Non-dispersive waves, unreported so far in insect vibratory communication in plants, present serious advantages over dispersive bending waves in terms of signal integrity and may well be much more widely used than anticipated, in particular for species recognition.
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de Souza e Silva, Adriana. "Location-aware mobile technologies: Historical, social and spatial approaches." Mobile Media & Communication 1, no. 1 (January 2013): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050157912459492.
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With the popularization of smartphones, location-based services are increasingly part of everyday life. People use their cell phones to find nearby restaurants and friends in the vicinity, and track their children. Although location-based services have received sparse attention from mobile communication scholars to date, the ability to locate people and things with one’s cell phone is not new. Since the removal of GPS signal degradation in 2000, artists and researchers have been exploring how location-awareness influences mobility, spatiality, and sociability. Besides exploring the historical antecedents of today’s location-based services, this article focuses on the main social issues that emerge when location-aware technologies leave the strict domain of art and research and become part of everyday life: locational privacy, sociability, and spatiality. Finally, this article addresses two main topics that future mobile communication research that focuses on location-awareness should take into consideration: a shift in the meaning of location, and the adoption and appropriation of location-aware technologies in the global south.
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Cirillo, Jasmin. "Communication by unvoiced speech: the role of whispering." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 76, no. 2 (June 2004): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652004000200034.
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Most studies on whispering deal with its production and perception, neglecting its communicative role. I have focused on this, especially some social and psychobiological objectives. I have combined a general inquiry into the use of unvoiced speech with stimulus-response experiments on particular signal properties. (1) Analyses of answers to queries revealed that judgments about whispering depend on the social contexts. In the private domain it plays a clearly positive role, but in the public domain it is more problematical. Two causative factors were identified as relevant: (a) an 'ingroup' function of whispering which could induce negative 'outgroup' effects in co-listeners, and (b) a psychobiological component of whispering which could affect the auditory vigilance of co-listeners who were not addressed personally by the signaling, but often wanted to understand a whispered message. (2) Analyses of experimental data confirmed the relevance of these factors. Additionally, they showed that unvoiced speech has a limited transmission range, and is easily masked by background noise. Taken together, the results suggest that whispering is explained best as a close-distance signal adapted for private use among partners.
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Turpin, Martin Harry, Mane Kara-Yakoubian, Alexander C. Walker, Heather E. K. Walker, Jonathan A. Fugelsang, and Jennifer A. Stolz. "Bullshit Ability as an Honest Signal of Intelligence." Evolutionary Psychology 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 147470492110003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14747049211000317.
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Navigating social systems efficiently is critical to our species. Humans appear endowed with a cognitive system that has formed to meet the unique challenges that emerge for highly social species. Bullshitting, communication characterised by an intent to be convincing or impressive without concern for truth, is ubiquitous within human societies. Across two studies ( N = 1,017), we assess participants’ ability to produce satisfying and seemingly accurate bullshit as an honest signal of their intelligence. We find that bullshit ability is associated with an individual’s intelligence and individuals capable of producing more satisfying bullshit are judged by second-hand observers to be more intelligent. We interpret these results as adding evidence for intelligence being geared towards the navigation of social systems. The ability to produce satisfying bullshit may serve to assist individuals in negotiating their social world, both as an energetically efficient strategy for impressing others and as an honest signal of intelligence.
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delBarco-Trillo, Javier, Caitlin R. Sacha, George R. Dubay, and Christine M. Drea. "Eulemur , me lemur: the evolution of scent-signal complexity in a primate clade." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1597 (July 5, 2012): 1909–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0225.
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Signal complexity has been linked to social complexity in vocal, but not chemical, communication. To address this gap, we examined the chemical complexity of male and female glandular secretions in eight species of Eulemur. In this diverse clade of macrosmatic primates, species differ by social or mating system and dominance structure. We applied principal component and linear discriminate analyses to data obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Beyond the significant effects on chemical signals of gland type, sex, season and species, we found effects of social variables and phylogeny. Notably, female odours were more chemically complex in multimale–multifemale species than pair-bonded species, whereas male odours were more chemically complex in codominant species than female-dominant species. Also, the traditional sexual dimorphism, whereby male signal complexity exceeds that of females, was present in codominant species, but reversed in female-dominant species. Lastly, a positive relationship between the species' pairwise chemical distances and their pairwise phylogenetic distances supported a gradual, but relatively fast mode of signal evolution. We suggest that the comparative method can be a powerful tool in olfactory research, revealing species differences relevant to the understanding of current signal utility and evolutionary processes. In particular, social complexity in lemurs may have selected for olfactory complexity.
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Rossano, Federico. "Social manipulation, turn-taking and cooperation in apes." Interaction Studies 19, no. 1-2 (September 17, 2018): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.17043.ros.
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Abstract This paper outlines how the focus on how communicative signals might emerge and how the capacity to interpret them might develop, does not yet explain what type of motivation is required to actually deal with those signals. Without the consistent production of appropriate responses to the production of communicative signals, there would be no point in producing any signal. If language is a tool to accomplish things with others, we need to understand what would lead to cooperation. The first step consists in avoiding the blind belief that all cooperation requires some prosocial attitude. A great deal of cooperation can occur while each participant in the interaction is selfishly attempting to maximize their own benefits or minimizing damaging consequences. I describe how different types of turn-taking can be achieved via different levels of cognitive complexity and how interpretive turn-taking requires a great deal of cognitive abilities that great apes possess. Finally, I provide empirical evidence of social manipulation in non-human primates. Given our awareness of the occurrence of social manipulation during cooperation among human adults, it seems necessary to reconsider to what degree human communication and language evolution require unique prosocial motivations.
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Atkinson, Steve, and Paul Williams. "Quorum sensing and social networking in the microbial world." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 6, no. 40 (August 12, 2009): 959–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2009.0203.
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For many years, bacterial cells were considered primarily as selfish individuals, but, in recent years, it has become evident that, far from operating in isolation, they coordinate collective behaviour in response to environmental challenges using sophisticated intercellular communication networks. Cell-to-cell communication between bacteria is mediated by small diffusible signal molecules that trigger changes in gene expression in response to fluctuations in population density. This process, generally referred to as quorum sensing (QS), controls diverse phenotypes in numerous Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Recent advances have revealed that bacteria are not limited to communication within their own species but are capable of ‘listening in’ and ‘broadcasting to’ unrelated species to intercept messages and coerce cohabitants into behavioural modifications, either for the good of the population or for the benefit of one species over another. It is also evident that QS is not limited to the bacterial kingdom. The study of two-way intercellular signalling networks between bacteria and both uni- and multicellular eukaryotes as well as between eukaryotes is just beginning to unveil a rich diversity of communication pathways.
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Bhatia, Ajay, and Vikrant Sharma. "Elements of a Fiber Optic Communication System." Journal of Optical Communication Electronics 8, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jooce.2022.v08i02.004.
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Fiber optic connection is the best option for data transmission at gigabit and above rates. Voice, video, telemetry, and data are all transmitted using this method of communication over great distances and over computer networks or local area networks. By converting electronic signals into light, a fibre optic communication system uses light-wave technology to transfer data via fiber. Large bandwidth, smaller diameter, lightweight, long-distance signal transmission, low attenuation, transmission security, and other outstanding characteristics of this type of communication system make it a key component of any telecommunications infrastructure. The characteristic traits, fundamental components, and other aspects of fibre optic communication systems are highlighted in the information that follows.
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Nam, Seonghyeon, Hayoung Song, and Youngwon Kim. "Research on Contactless Bio-Signal Measurement Technology for Improving Social Awareness of Individuals with Communication Challenges." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 5169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115169.
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Youth and adults with autism spectrum disorder have poor skills such as communication, qualitative interaction, and emotional expression resulting in low social awareness. In this paper, we propose and explore a contactless bio-signal measurement and functional contents for improving social awareness of individuals with communication challenges. We implemented four individual methods for collecting and analyzing the bio data of the individuals without requiring their attention: (1) heart rate, (2) respiration, (3) facial expression, and (4) interaction. The four techniques are all based on image data received and analyzed from a normal web camera. The data were analyzed in a real-time, fully functional algorithm: implementing the algorithm on a mobile device will require future work. However, we have evaluated our method by developing a functional content including the four methods. Based on the analysis of the collected data from the content and qualitative responses from the field, the contactless bio-signal measurement technology combined with friendly designed user interfaces for the individuals with communication challenges could train them to improve their social awareness.
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Liu, Xin, Yanju Zhou, Zongrun Wang, and Xiaohong Chen. "A BP Neural Network-Based Communication Blind Signal Detection Method With Cyber-Physical-Social Systems." IEEE Access 6 (2018): 43920–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2838123.
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Walz, Henriette, Jan Grewe, and Jan Benda. "Static frequency tuning accounts for changes in neural synchrony evoked by transient communication signals." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 4 (August 15, 2014): 752–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00576.2013.
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Although communication signals often vary continuously on the underlying signal parameter, they are perceived as distinct categories. We here report the opposite case where an electrocommunication signal is encoded in four distinct regimes, although the behavior described to date does not show distinct categories. In particular, we studied the encoding of chirps by P-unit afferents in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. These fish generate an electric organ discharge that oscillates at a certain individual-specific frequency. The interaction of two fish in communication contexts leads to the emergence of a beating amplitude modulation (AM) at the frequency difference between the two individual signals. This frequency difference represents the social context of the encounter. Chirps are transient increases of the fish's frequency leading to transient changes in the frequency of the AM. We stimulated the cells with the same chirp on different, naturally occurring backgrounds beats. The P-units responded either by synchronization or desynchronization depending on the background. Although the duration of a chirp is often shorter than a full cycle of the AM it elicits, the distinct responses of the P-units to the chirp can be predicted solely from the frequency of the AM based on the static frequency tuning of the cells.
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Reiss, Michael V., and Milena Tsvetkova. "Perceiving education from Facebook profile pictures." New Media & Society 22, no. 3 (August 15, 2019): 550–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819868678.
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Our upbringing and education influence not only how we present and distinguish ourselves in the social world but also how we perceive others. We apply this central sociological idea to the social media context. We conduct a large-scale online study to investigate whether observers can correctly guess the education of others from their Facebook profile pictures. Using the binomial test and cross-classified mixed-effects models, we show that observers can assess the education of depicted persons better than chance, especially when they share the same educational background and have experience with the social media. We also find that posting pictures of outdoor activities is a strong signal of having higher education, while professional photographs can obscure education signals. The findings expand our knowledge of social interaction and self-expression online and offer new insights for understanding social influence on social media.
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Yan, Yixin, Chenyang Li, and Shaoliang Meng. "Emotion recognition based on sparse learning feature selection method for social communication." Signal, Image and Video Processing 13, no. 7 (March 8, 2019): 1253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11760-019-01448-x.
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Hamel, Jennifer A., and Reginald B. Cocroft. "Negative feedback from maternal signals reduces false alarms by collectively signalling offspring." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1743 (July 11, 2012): 3820–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1181.
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Within animal groups, individuals can learn of a predator's approach by attending to the behaviour of others. This use of social information increases an individual's perceptual range, but can also lead to the propagation of false alarms. Error copying is especially likely in species that signal collectively, because the coordination required for collective displays relies heavily on social information. Recent evidence suggests that collective behaviour in animals is, in part, regulated by negative feedback. Negative feedback may reduce false alarms by collectively signalling animals, but this possibility has not yet been tested. We tested the hypothesis that negative feedback increases the accuracy of collective signalling by reducing the production of false alarms. In the treehopper Umbonia crassicornis , clustered offspring produce collective signals during predator attacks, advertising the predator's location to the defending mother. Mothers signal after evicting the predator, and we show that this maternal communication reduces false alarms by offspring. We suggest that maternal signals elevate offspring signalling thresholds. This is, to our knowledge, the first study to show that negative feedback can reduce false alarms by collectively behaving groups.
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Gregory, Stanford W., and Stephen Webster. "A nonverbal signal in voices of interview partners effectively predicts communication accommodation and social status perceptions." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70, no. 6 (June 1996): 1231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.6.1231.
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Park, Hyebin, and Yujin Lim. "Reinforcement Learning for Energy Optimization with 5G Communications in Vehicular Social Networks." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 2361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082361.
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Increased data traffic resulting from the increase in the deployment of connected vehicles has become relevant in vehicular social networks (VSNs). To provide efficient communication between connected vehicles, researchers have studied device-to-device (D2D) communication. D2D communication not only reduces the energy consumption and loads of the system but also increases the system capacity by reusing cellular resources. However, D2D communication is highly affected by interference and therefore requires interference-management techniques, such as mode selection and power control. To make an optimal mode selection and power control, it is necessary to apply reinforcement learning that considers a variety of factors. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement-learning technique for energy optimization with fifth-generation communication in VSNs. To achieve energy optimization, we use centralized Q-learning in the system and distributed Q-learning in the vehicles. The proposed algorithm learns to maximize the energy efficiency of the system by adjusting the minimum signal-to-interference plus noise ratio to guarantee the outage probability. Simulations were performed to compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with that of the existing mode-selection and power-control algorithms. The proposed algorithm performed the best in terms of system energy efficiency and achievable data rate.
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Schick, Johanna, Caroline Fryns, Franziska Wegdell, Marion Laporte, Klaus Zuberbühler, Carel P. van Schaik, Simon W. Townsend, and Sabine Stoll. "The function and evolution of child-directed communication." PLOS Biology 20, no. 5 (May 6, 2022): e3001630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001630.
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Humans communicate with small children in unusual and highly conspicuous ways (child-directed communication (CDC)), which enhance social bonding and facilitate language acquisition. CDC-like inputs are also reported for some vocally learning animals, suggesting similar functions in facilitating communicative competence. However, adult great apes, our closest living relatives, rarely signal to their infants, implicating communication surrounding the infant as the main input for infant great apes and early humans. Given cross-cultural variation in the amount and structure of CDC, we suggest that child-surrounding communication (CSC) provides essential compensatory input when CDC is less prevalent—a paramount topic for future studies.
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Bispham, John. "Music as Socio-Affective Confluential Communication? Response to Graham." Music Perception 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2007.25.2.169.
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IN THIS RESPONSE I LARGELY CONCUR WITH THE commentary offered by Graham and argue that a label such as that proposed by Graham could additionally be useful in drawing primary attention to crucial social and affective features of music-making that have at times been undervalued in interdisciplinary investigations into music. I suggest two changes to the label proposed by Graham arguing that "affective"——rather than emotional——and "communication"——rather than signal——more broadly and precisely describe the boundaries of relevance that should be applied to music.
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Woo, Kevin. "Signal Competition in Dynamic Visual Environments: Relative Conspicuousness of Social Displays in the Jacky Dragon (Amphibolurus muricatus)." Animal Behavior and Cognition 8, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 415–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.08.03.07.2021.
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Selection for conspicuousness has been an important force on visual signal design. Although signal efficacy has been extensively studied in acoustic systems, few studies have examined this attribute in dynamic visual signals. Here, I simulated signal competition between Jacky lizards (Amphibolurus muricatus) by presenting the motor patterns (tail-flick, push-up body rock, and slow arm wave) in isolation that are typically used in social communication. Phase 1 used four digital video playback systems to present simultaneous animated display combinations on opposing monitors to a subject that was situated in the middle, and measured orientation towards the monitors and latency to respond. Phase 2 maintained the same set-up and simultaneous display combinations, but tested signal conspicuousness across three levels of visual noise (calm, typical, and windy) simulated by the movement of windblown vegetation in the background. The results suggest that the most conspicuous visual display is the tail-flick, followed by the push-up body rock, and the slow arm wave is the least conspicuous. Moreover, this relationship is robust across the full range of environmental wind conditions. No significant side biases in orientation to displays were detected, which suggested no lateralization in perceptual processes. Jacky lizard display motor patterns which address distinct functional requirements: the tail flick is an ideal alerting component, with high efficacy over a range of signaling conditions. The push-up body rock, which is used only in aggressive displays, has a more restricted range, and the submissive slow arm wave is likely designed to appease nearby dominant males.
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Fouda, Leila, Jessica E. Wingfield, Amber D. Fandel, Aran Garrod, Kristin B. Hodge, Aaron N. Rice, and Helen Bailey. "Dolphins simplify their vocal calls in response to increased ambient noise." Biology Letters 14, no. 10 (October 2018): 20180484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0484.
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Ocean noise varies spatially and temporally and is driven by natural and anthropogenic processes. Increased ambient noise levels can cause signal masking and communication impairment, affecting fitness and recruitment success. However, the effects of increasing ambient noise levels on marine species, such as marine mammals that primarily rely on sound for communication, are not well understood. We investigated the effects of concurrent ambient noise levels on social whistle calls produced by bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) in the western North Atlantic. Elevated ambient noise levels were mainly caused by ship noise. Increases in ship noise, both within and below the dolphins' call bandwidth, resulted in higher dolphin whistle frequencies and a reduction in whistle contour complexity, an acoustic feature associated with individual identification. Consequently, the noise-induced simplification of dolphin whistles may reduce the information content in these acoustic signals and decrease effective communication, parent–offspring proximity or group cohesion.