Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social Cognitive Reasoning'
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Dama, Michael Douglas. "Cognitive and social influences on reasoning in groups and dyads." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0017/NQ55317.pdf.
Full textJones, Carwyn Rhys. "A philosophical critique of selected social scientific research into values and moral development in sport." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284377.
Full textBaker, Chris L. (Chris Lawrence). "Bayesian Theory of Mind : modeling human reasoning about beliefs, desires, goals, and social relations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73768.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-139).
This thesis proposes a computational framework for understanding human Theory of Mind (ToM): our conception of others' mental states, how they relate to the world, and how they cause behavior. Humans use ToM to predict others' actions, given their mental states, but also to do the reverse: attribute mental states - beliefs, desires, intentions, knowledge, goals, preferences, emotions, and other thoughts - to explain others' behavior. The goal of this thesis is to provide a formal account of the knowledge and mechanisms that support these judgments. The thesis will argue for three central claims about human ToM. First, ToM is constructed around probabilistic, causal models of how agents' beliefs, desires and goals interact with their situation and perspective (which can differ from our own) to produce behavior. Second, the core content of ToM can be formalized using context-specific models of approximately rational planning, such as Markov decision processes (MDPs), partially observable MDPs (POMDPs), and Markov games. ToM reasoning will be formalized as rational probabilistic inference over these models of intentional (inter)action, termed Bayesian Theory of Mind (BToM). Third, hypotheses about the structure and content of ToM can be tested through a combination of computational modeling and behavioral experiments. An experimental paradigm for eliciting fine-grained ToM judgments will be proposed, based on comparing human inferences about the mental states and behavior of agents moving within simple two-dimensional scenarios with the inferences predicted by computational models. Three sets of experiments will be presented, investigating models of human goal inference (Chapter 2), joint belief-desire inference (Chapter 3), and inference of interactively-defined goals, such as chasing and fleeing (Chapter 4). BToM, as well as a selection of prominent alternative proposals from the social perception literature will be evaluated by their quantitative fit to behavioral data. Across the present experiments, the high accuracy of BToM, and its performance relative to alternative models, will demonstrate the difficulty of capturing human social judgments, and the success of BToM in meeting this challenge.
by Chris L. Baker.
Ph.D.
Björnberg, Marina. "Conversational Effects of Gender and Children's Moral Reasoning." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9391.
Full textThis thesis aimed partly to examine the effects of gender on conversation dynamics, partly to investigate whether interaction between participants with contrasting opinions promotes cognitive development on a moral task. Another objective was to explore whether particular conversational features of interaction would have any impact upon a pair’s joint response or on each child’s moral development. The conversations were coded with regard to simultaneous speech acts, psychosocial behaviour and types of justifications used. The results show no gender differences regarding psychosocial processes, but the boys used more negative interruptions, more overlaps and significantly proportionately more justifications in the form of assertions than the girls in the study. Gender differences were often more pronounced in same-gender as opposed to mixed-gender pairs, but children also altered their behaviour to accommodate to the gender of their conversational partner. Children who participated in the interaction phase of the study showed more overall progress on an eight-weeks delayed post-test than those who did not. However the only conversational feature that was related to the outcomes of conversation and development was the use of expiatory force justifications which were associated with a more advanced reply immediately after interaction as well as two weeks later.
Coster, Elizabeth. "Operation Houndstooth Gifted learners develop social and moral reasoning skills within a social capital framework." Thesis, University of Canterbury. College of Education, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8927.
Full textFrey, Seth. "Complex collective dynamics in human higher-level reasoning; A study over multiple methods." Thesis, Indiana University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3599175.
Full textBehavioral economists have attempted to show that human iterated reasoning faculties discourage non-equilibrium, non-convergent game dynamics. But what if individuals iterating through each other's strategic intentions are instead driving complex collective dynamics? The results in this manuscript demonstrate that bounded "what you think I think you think" reasoning can cause sustained deviations from Nash equilibrium and other fixed-point solution concepts. Supporting my thesis are a series of six experiments, a revisitation of a classic game theory experiment, a variety of computational models, and an analysis of a real-world dataset with highly motivated agents. I also introduce two new games, the Mod Game and the Runway Game. By bridging human higher-level reasoning and animal collective behavior, this work challenges attitudes in economics that complex social dynamics can--or even should--be designed away.
Bullemer, Beth. "Identifying Diversity of Thought on Social Media." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1558713165638632.
Full textTonini, Audrey. "Fonctionnement émotionnel et socio-cognitif dans le vieillissement normal et le Mild Cognitive Impairment. : apport de la validation française du Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for higher cerebral functions." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080002.
Full textThis research presents three complementary studies: (1) the french validation of the Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for higher cerebral functions (B.N.I.S), developed by G. Prigatano in 1991. We have assessed 167 subjects from 15 to 84 years within a french population. The goal is :1) to promote a new short screening instrument dedicated to cognitive and emotional functions, usually emotional functions are not integrated in neuropsychological assessments ; (2) to apply the B.N.I.S to Mild Cognitive Impairment (M.C.I) subjects (N=39) in order to highlighted the importance of the emotional assessment in this type of population and found a specific profile at the substests named: affectivity, orientation, memory and self-assessment of the mnesic performance ; (3) to analyze, with more precision, the performance of emotional facial recognition and social reasoning during normal ageing (N=54), M.C.I (N=25) and Alzheimer disease (AD) at the early stage (N=17). A decline of sociocognitive capacities is observed during the ageing and seems to become more important during the course of M.C.I and the AD. A specific profile was found for each group. The assessment of emotional capacities seems relevant and should be more integrated into the neuropsychological assessments, in order to improve diagnosis and to propose the best modalities of care for the ageing population
O'Connor, Laurence. "'Yon 'Il dae fir a' oor weans' : an evaluation of the reasoning and Reacting Cognitive Skills programme in an adolescent social emotional behavioural needs population." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430409.
Full textHurley, James. "Investigating the efficacy of cognitive bias modification for interpretation and the Maudsley Review Training Programme on social anxiety and reasoning biases in individuals with persecutory delusions : a single case series." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/52466/.
Full textTrémolière, Bastien. "La rationalité des mortels : les pensées de mort perturbent les processus analytiques." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979659.
Full textVidigal, Mário Fernando Ramalhete. "Os desvios de raciocínio por efeito da forma e do conteúdo e a complementaridade explicativa das teorias cognitivas e sociais." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1016.
Full textDidner, Ebba, and Joel Holsner. "FYSIOTERAPEUTERS KLINISKA RESONEMANG VID ANVÄNDNING AV MEKANISK DIAGNOSTIK OCH TERAPI TILL PATIENTER MED LÅNGVARIG LÄNDRYGGSMÄRTA : En kvalitativ intervjustudie." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-43037.
Full textBackground: As a physiotherapist in primary care, there are several different treatment methods for persistent low back pain to choose from, but no clear guidelines to follow. Based on the clinical reasoning, physiotherapists take decisions that are affected and changed in the patient encounter. Since there is a lack of research that have investigated how physiotherapists educated in Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) describe their clinical reasoning to patients with persistent low back pain, this study aims to illustrate the physiotherapists' view of the topic. Aim: To explore how physiotherapists describe their clinical reasoning regarding the use of MDT for patients with persistent low back pain. Method: A qualitative semi-structured interview study with an inductive approach and a descriptive design was conducted. The data collection included six interviews. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. Result: The analysis generated 22 subcategories divided into seven categories. The informants described their clinical reasoning when using MDT as their view of the method, patient participation in examination, structure and clarity, findings that affect treatment, hypothesis testing, patient responsibility in the treatment and evaluation of own abilities. Conclusion: The study's results showed that the informants described their clinical reasoning when using MDT with persistent low back pain in primary care were mainly influenced by biomechanical findings with the patient. Psychological findings were described as secondary source to take into consideration, and social factors were described very little or not at all even though they are important to take into consideration in order to achieve a behavioral change. Thus, a development area for MDT in physiotherapy has been clarified as there is evidence that a biopsychosocial approach to persistent low back pain is preferable.
Curtis, Bryony. "The effects of exposure to domestic abuse on adolescents' relationship attitudes and reasoning of abusive behaviour, and an evaluation of an intervention programme for those who are displaying perpetrator behaviours." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/117753.
Full textWeinreich-Haste, Helen. "The developmental and social psychology of moral cognition, and its implications for social and political reasoning." Thesis, University of Bath, 1985. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.352173.
Full textHa, Seung Yon. "Social Construction of Epistemic Cognition about Social Knowledge during Small-Group Discussions." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563370942277275.
Full textTrouche, Emmanuel. "Le raisonnement comme compétence sociale : une comparaison expérimentale avec les théories intellectualistes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1132/document.
Full textMost research in cognitive science assumes that the function of human reasoning is to help individual to improve their beliefs and make better decisions, in particular through mental mechanisms of logical inference. In 2011, Dan Sperber and Hugo Mercier put forward an alternative view of human reasoning. The function of reasoning would be argumentative: reasoning would be what enables individuals to produce and evaluate arguments in dialogical contexts. This PhD thesis aims at proposing a theoretical comparison between standard theories of reasoning and the argumentative theory of reasoning. Furthermore, it provides empirical support for the latter by using different experimental paradigms (i.e., individual problem solving, production and evaluation of arguments in solitary contexts, problem solving and arguments exchange in group). This thesis not only defends the explanatory value of the argumentative theory but also characterizes the cognitive mechanisms of human reasoning by their functions, their biases, and their triggering contexts
Ortz, Courtney. "Aging and Associative and Inductive Reasoning Processes in Discrimination Learning." TopSCHOLAR®, 2006. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/266.
Full textMitchell, Erica Rachel. "Instruction type and stereotype threat in analytical reasoning: Can creativity help?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3362.
Full textGeckler, Cheri L. "The relationships among moral judgement reasoning, sex role identity, social roletaking experiences and occupational role complexity in adult women /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487263399022714.
Full textMaulden, Jennifer R. "The Influence of Affective Ties on Children's Consequential Reasoning about Ambiguous Provocation Situations." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/116/.
Full textPetit, Maxime. "Raisonnement et planification développementale d’un robot via une interaction enactive avec un humain." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10037/document.
Full textFrom automata to robots, the Human has always been fascinated by machines which could execute tasks for him, in several domains like industry or services. Indeed, we have used a developmental approach, where the robot has to learn new tasks during his life. Inspired by theories in child development, we have extracted the interesting concepts to implement them on a humanoid robotic platform : the iCub. Language acquisition is a first step, where the capacity to classify closed and opened class words allows to obtain a syntax which help the children to make the link between a sentence and its meaning. This method has been implemented with a recurrent neural network, using a database provided from the human by interaction with the robot. The control of the language allows the children to participate in more complex actions, in particular cooperative tasks, where speech is required to negotiate the learning mode within several modalities. Implemented on the iCub and the Nao, this allows a real-time learning and to realize a shared plan. Eventually, we have studied the functioning of the autobiographical memory, crucial toremember episodes of his life, to extract predictions from and to apply them in the future. By recreating this memory in SQL, and by formatting the data in PDDL, the iCub is then capable of reasoning in function of his own experience, allowing him to solve the Tower of Hanoi problem without knowing the solution before
McMahon, Brian. "Differential framing when meaning depends on motive /." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31840.
Full textCommittee Chair: Jack Feldman; Committee Member: Lawrence R. James; Committee Member: Nathan Bennett; Committee Member: Richard Catrambone; Committee Member: Susan E. Embretson. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Green, Melissa Jayne. "Facial affect processing in delusion-prone and deluded individuals: A continuum approach to the study of delusion formation." University of Sydney. Psychology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/792.
Full textNorris, Paul. "Emotional reasoning." 2000. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9988827.
Full textKarcher, Sara. "The effect of pair counseling on social-cognitive reasoning and problem behavior among children and adolescents hospitalized for psychiatric care." 2006. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
Full textRowe, T. S. "A critical project : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophy, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Canterbury /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1850.
Full textVera, Estay Evelyn Christy. "Le raisonnement sociomoral à l’adolescence : la contribution spécifique des fonctions exécutives." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9009.
Full textSociomoral reasoning (SMR) is an important skill during adolescence because it guides social decisions, facilitating social functioning. A number of sociocognitive and socioemotional factors are likely to underlie the evolution of SMR abilities; however their relative contribution remains unclear given that to date their roles have typically been explored in isolation. This study explores the underpinnings of SMR maturity in typically developing adolescents and the specific contribution of executive functions using an ecologically valid tool for assessment in the adolescent population. We detected four independent contributors of SMR maturity in healthy adolescence: age, intelligence, cognitive flexibility and verbal fluency, as well as gender differences in SMR maturity and sociomoral decision-making. Taken together, the findings of this study contribute to better understanding moral development during adolescence and highlight the importance of using ecologically valid tools to measure social skills.
Seni, Anne Gabrielle. "Elements of a theory of social competence : socio-cognitive and behavioral contributions in typical development." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23491.
Full textHumans are characterized by species-specific social skills and interactions, which direct much of their behaviors, dictate thought processes and form the foundations of human consciousness and reality. These social abilities are highly complex and intricate, involving a large range of developmentally acquired skills allowing the perception, processing, interpretation and response to dynamic social stimuli. The fine-tuning of these diverse abilities across the lifespan contributes to an individual’s social competence, allowing the navigation of the social world. Smooth and adaptive social development is supported by core cognitive functions (e.g. intellectual ability, language, memory, attention, visual-perceptive skills), as well as by specific skills (e.g. theory of mind, empathy, emotion recognition, perspective taking, intent attribution, moral reasoning) referred to under the umbrella of “social cognition” and subsumed by neural structures and networks of the “social brain”. Despite strong evidence supporting the associations between neural, cognitive and social functioning, much remains to be learned about the interplay between socio-cognitive abilities during development, the external influence of environmental factors, as well as their individual and additive impact on social behavior. The main objective of this dissertation was to study two manifestations of social competence in typical development, namely, social cognition and social behavior. The SOCIAL model (Beauchamp & Anderson, 2010) is used as the theoretical and empirical framework providing fertile ground for the investigation of multiple facets of the development of social competence and a better understanding of the global interplay of socio-cognitive skills (e.g., moral reasoning and perspective taking) and social behavior more broadly. The first study explores the contribution of cognitive (theory of mind) and affective (empathy) aspects of perspective taking to moral reasoning and social behavior in typically developing children and adolescents. An innovative neuropsychological tool for assessing moral reasoning, the Socio-Moral Reasoning Aptitude Level (So-Moral), was used to enhance the ecological value of the construct. Everyday socio-moral reasoning dilemmas were presented to children and adolescents to evaluate their moral maturity, and assessments of theory of mind, empathy and social behavior were also completed. Jointly, both aspects of perspective taking (theory of mind and empathy) predicted moral reasoning maturity in children, but not in adolescents. Poorer moral reasoning skills were associated with more externalizing behavior problems across the age span, but no associations were found with respect to prosocial behavior. Theory of mind skills were independent predictors of moral reasoning, suggesting that a cognitive understanding of the situation may be especially useful when children are asked to reason about a moral conflict. Contributing factors to moral reasoning differed in children and adolescents, suggesting differential underlying mechanisms. The second study investigates the contribution of external influences, as operationalized by time spent playing video games, to social behavior. A secondary objective was to add to the growing body of literature exploring associations between video game playing, social cognition and social behavior, in an age group less frequently focused on (elementary school-aged children). The main results of the study indicate that children who spend less time per week playing video games have greater prosocial tendencies, but no association was found with behavior problems. Findings highlight the possibility that real-life, complex, and nuanced social interactions outside screen-based play may be central to fostering social competence skills in children. Overall, the results of the studies presented in this dissertation contribute to building a more comprehensive picture of the complex interplay between social cognition, social experience and social competence during typical development. Findings offer new avenues for improving theoretical, empirical and clinical knowledge of social development and provide an empirical basis for the development of social skills intervention programs as well as social cognition assessment tools.
Ferreira, Mário B. "Automaticity and cognitive control : a dual process approach to reasoning under uncertainty." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/42518.
Full textI present a dual-process approach to judgment under uncertainty that is capable of retaining the explanatory power of the heuristics and biases research program (e.g., Tversky, Slovic, & Khaneman, 1982) but also able to delineate the conditions underlying a more systematic mode of reasoning based on deliberate, rule-based inductive reasoning (e.g., Fong, Krantz & Nisbett, 1986). Specifically, it is assumed that inductive reasoning is based on two different information-processing modes, a heuristic and a systematic mode. These modes are instances of two broadly defined cognitive systems, the associative system and the rule-based system (Sloman,1996). Heuristic reasoning is largely automatic, based on associative principles of similarity and temporal contiguity; it is effortless, and often unintentional. Systematic reasoning is rule-based; it is effortful and intentional. It is further claimed that the two reasoning modes provide independent contributions to judgment under uncertainty. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that variables traditionally associated with controlled processing should produce process dissociations by affecting systematic reasoning while leaving heuristic reasoning largely invariant. However, variables traditionally associated with automatic processing should produce the inverse kind of dissociation (i.e., affect heuristic reasoning but leave systematic reasoning largely unchanged). (...)
Uma análise compreensiva do julgamento indutivo humano deveria dar conta da inferência humana, na sua multiplicidade, independentemente da sua conformidade com modelos normativos. No presente trabalho propõe-se uma abordagem dualista do julgamento na incerteza que procura justamente articular a investigação em heurísticas e enviesamentos (Tversky, Slovic, & Kahneman, 1982) com o julgamento indutivo baseado em regras (e.g., Nisbett, Krantz, Jepson & Kunda, 1983). Concretamente, investiga-se a hipótese do raciocínio indutivo poder ser melhor compreendido através de um modelo que postule dois modos ou sistemas distintos de processar a informação. Um modo ou sistema de processamento rápido e automático, que não usa recursos, cognitivos gerais, denominado raciocínio heurístico; e um modo ou sistema de processamento, consciente, normalmente dependente da motivação e da capacidade cognitiva da pessoa, denominado raciocínio sistemático (para consulta de modelos dualistas formalmente semelhantes ver, por exemplo, Abelson, 1994; Mackie & Trope, 1999; Sloman, 1996; E. R. Smith and DeCoster, 1999). No presente trabalho, parte-se da pressuposição de que estes dois modos de processamento de informação contribuem de forma independente para o julgamento na incerteza. O julgamento heurístico é, como referido, largamente automático, baseia-se em princípios associativos de semelhança e contiguidade espaço-tempo, envolve reduzido esforço cognitivo e é, muitas vezes, não intencional. O julgamento sistemático baseia-se na representação simbólica e aplicação de regras relativamente abstractas, envolve esforço cognitivo, e está sob controlo consciente. Assim, prediz-se que variáveis tradicionalmente associadas ao processamento controlado (e.g., diminuição dos recursos cognitivos) deverão levar a dissociações dos dois modos de julgamento, afectando o julgamento sistemático mas não o julgamento heurístico. Por outro lado, variáveis tradicionalmente associadas ao processamento automático (e.g., primação de procedimento) deverão produzir dissociações inversas, isto é, afectar o julgamento heurístico, e não o julgamento sistemático. A maneira de testar estas predições foi mostrar a existência de dissociações entre os dois sistemas de processamento. O pressuposto subjacente à demonstração de uma dissociação é o de que se se obtiverem duas medidas (uma referente ao raciocínio sistemático e a outra referente ao raciocínio heurístico), e se uma mesma variável independente afectar diferencialmente estas medidas ou variáveis dependentes (i.e., afecta uma delas sem afectar a outra) é razoável supor que estas medidas se referem a sistemas de processamento de informação independentes entre si. (...)
AuCoin-Power, Michelle. "MEG Analysis of Temporal and Anatomical Neural Activation During False Belief Reasoning." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42674.
Full textVera, Estay Evelyn Christy. "Les relations entre le fonctionnement exécutif, la cognition sociale et l’adaptation sociale dans le développement typique et atypique." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18501.
Full textIt is recognized that the social development of children and youth is supported by improvements in their cognitive and social cognitive abilities, which are driven by everyday interpersonal experiences. This development provides a broader understanding of the social and cultural world, allowing individuals to become integrated members of society and autonomous and responsible citizens in early adulthood. Despite the validity of this overall picture, there is still much to be learned about the mutual influence between cognitive (e.g.,executive functions) and socio-cognitive abilities (e.g., theory of mind, moral reasoning, emotion recognition) during development, as well as their individual and additive impact on social behavior. Even less is known about these interactions in the context of atypical development, such as in youth with neurodevelopmental disorders. The main objective of this thesis is to explore the reciprocal associations between different components of executive functioning (EF) and social cognition in youth and their contribution to social adaptation. We also aimed to observe the potential effects of impaired development of these functions in a neurodevelopmental disorder, Tourette’s Syndrome (TS). This thesis is composed of three empirical articles pertaining to three studies that address these main objectives. The first two studies explore EF, social cognition and social interaction patterns among neurotypical children aged 6 to 12 years. The first study focuses on the interrelations between cognitive and social cognitive abilities, showing that moral reasoning (MR) maturity is positively associated with EF, emotion recognition and theory of mind. EF and social cognition contribute significantly to the MR maturity and play a mediating role in the relationship between age and MR. The second study, which focuses more on behavioral patterns in everyday life, shows that everyday EF plays a mediating role that partly explains the link between empathy and prosocial tendencies in children and completely explains the link with their aggressive tendencies. The third study shows for the first time that theory of mind skills are poorer among youth with TS, and they have reduced everyday EF and more emotional and behavioral difficulties, particularly in the social domain. This study also reveals links between the MR skills of youth with TS and their cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, everyday EF, tic severity and social difficulties. Social difficulties in this group are largely explained by tic severity, EFand social cognition. Overall, the results of the studies presented in this thesis contribute to building a more comprehensive picture of the interrelationship between EF, social cognition and social adaptation during typical and atypical development. The findings offer new avenues for improving our clinical understanding of early social adjustment difficulties and provide an empirical basis for the development of social skills intervention programs.
Labelle-Chiasson, Vincent. "Évaluation de la cognition sociale : étude du raisonnement moral chez l’enfant neurotypique et avec lésion cérébrale focale." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20617.
Full textMeireles, Luís Jorge Machado da Cunha. "O papel da “consciência da situação” na tomada de decisão em situação de jogo por parte de jogadores de futebol da elite mundial." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/75730.
Full textAtualmente, a ciência da expertise é unânime em admitir que, subjacente ao superior rendimento dos peritos, está a capacidade deste conjunto de indivíduos, para dentro do seu domínio de especialização, discriminarem e processarem informação relevante de forma mais eficiente do que aqueles que o não são. Não obstante, quando se trata de explicar porque é que tal acontece, são notórias cissões filosóficas, teóricas e epistemológicas profundas que se prolongam desde a literatura dos Fatores Humanos e Engenharia Cognitiva à própria Psicologia do Desporto. Assim, através do esclarecimento das diferentes propostas, o objetivo inicial desta tese prendeu-se, por um lado, com a circunscrição do espaço concetual do constructo de “consciência da situação” e subsequente argumentação de que, quando considerado em relação dialética com a estrutura percetiva e cognitiva dos sujeitos, o mesmo poderá servir para que se encontre uma resposta mais unânime e satisfatória para a descrição do desempenho percetivo e cognitivo superior. Paralelamente, procurou-se perceber que métodos são mais adequados na sua avaliação e verificar de que forma a análise cognitiva de tarefas (i.e., o protocolo de eliciação de conhecimentos) respondia em contexto aplicado. Em contraponto com a ideia de base que a define enquanto “competência” (cf. Smith & Hancock, 1995), os resultados do primeiro estudo indicam, por um lado, a prevalência de uma visão da consciência da situação enquanto “estado de conhecimento” acerca dos fatores relevantes da tarefa (Endsley, 1995a) e, por outro, que os métodos usados na sua avaliação recorrem, sobretudo, à sua testagem contra a resposta de peritos (através de prévia análise cognitiva de tarefas). Já num segundo estudo, exploratório e no qual se eliciou o conhecimento de peritos num conjunto de situações táticas simples, verificou-se que os mesmos tendem a ra dicar a organização da informação acerca dos objetivos e comportamentos táticos, recursos individuais e/ou coletivos e indicadores de atenção, no conhecimento estratégico que desenvolveram acerca do jogo de futebol. Por ser pioneira em termos concetuais, de método e de contexto de realização (os trabalhos foram realizados em contexto de empresa/clube), esta tese oferece uma boa oportunidade de reflexão acerca dos temas que aborda e ensaia algumas sugestões práticas de otimização do recrutamento, avaliação do desempenho e treino de jogadores de futebol.
Nowadays, and particularly when compared to non-experts, the science of expertise unanimously admits that underlying experts’ superior performance is their efficiency to discriminate and process relevant information within their realm of expertise. Notwithstanding, some deep philosophical, theoretical and epistemological divisions, which are present both on Human Factors and Cognitive Engineering and Sport Psychology scientific literature, arise when the nature of such differences is questioned. By reviewing the different theories, the initial goal of this thesis was to circumscribe the conceptual space of “situation awareness”. Then, and as long as a dialectical relationship between this former construct and individual perceptive and cognitive structure is assumed, it was argued that it can serve the purpose of finding a more unanimous and satisfactory response to superior perceptive and cognitive performance. At the same time, the adequacy of its assessment methods was examined and cognitive task analysis procedures (i.e., knowledge elicitation protocol) were tested in an applied setting. Unlike the fundamental idea that defines situation awareness as a “competence” (cf. Smith & Hancock 1995), the results from the first study stress the prevalence of a definition of this construct as a “state of knowledge” concerning the relevant operational elements of a task (Endsley, 1995). They also show that the methods used in its assessment are mostly based in experts’ answers (collected through a previous cognitive task analysis). In a second study, exploratory in its nature, experts’ knowledge for a set of simple tactical situations was elicited and it was found that they tend to ground the assessment of tactical goals and behaviors, individual and/or collective resources, and attentional clues in the knowledge of football strategy that they have developed throughout their careers. Considering that this was a pioneering effort in conceptual, methodological, and contextual (the scientific work was conducted in a football club/enterprise) terms, this thesis provides a good opportunity to reflect about expertise and situation awareness, with some practical suggestions being made in what concerns the recruitment, performance assessment and tactical training of football players.
Este estudo foi financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia e pelo Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior através de fundos nacionais, cofinanciados pelo FEDER através do programa COMPETE2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653) e pela Futebol Clube do Porto – Futebol SAD; código da bolsa: SFRH/BDE/99090/2013
Santos, Inês Grijó Pinto de Almeida. "How does managerial cognition affect the speed of internationalization?" Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/32023.
Full textEsta investigação explora a influência do processo de tomada de decisão no processo de internacionalização, especificamente na velocidade de internacionalização. O objetivo deste estudo consiste em compreender a influência da cognição do gestor através do seu processo de tomada de decisão (perceção, opções, avaliação e escolha final) na velocidade de internacionalização de pequenas empresas. A cognição do gestor é investigada à luz da Teoria do Processamento Dual, que defende a existência de dois sistemas cognitivos, o sistema experiencial (Sistema 1) e o sistema analítico (Sistema 2). A velocidade de internacionalização é analisada sob duas dimensões, precocidade ou pré-internacionalização e aceleração ou pós-internacionalização. Baseada em entrevistas a 5 gestores de pequenas empresas, foi descoberto que as empresas que se internacionalizaram cedo, têm gestores que possuem níveis mais elevados de raciocínio experiencial, tanto na primeira internacionalização como em internacionalizações seguintes, enquanto que empresas que se internacionalizaram mais tarde após a sua fundação são geridas por gestores que demonstraram níveis mais elevados de raciocínio analítico, tanto na primeira internacionalização como nas seguintes. A experiência internacional tem, igualmente, influência na aceleração das empresas.
Garon, Mathieu. "Encodage visuel dans le raisonnement moral chez l’adulte neurotypique et ayant un trouble du spectre autistique." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21762.
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