Journal articles: 'Social change – Europe, Central'

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Haughton, Tim. "Central and Eastern Europe: Europeanisation and social change." Perspectives on European Politics and Society 12, no. 1 (April 2011): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15705854.2011.546152.

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Starling, N. J. "Social change in the Later Neolithic of Central Europe." Antiquity 59, no. 225 (March 1985): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00056568.

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Profound changes occurred in central and northern Europe towards the end of the 3rd millennium bcX, when a uniform pattern of settlement, burial and material culture-the Corded Ware complexreplaced the diversity of the middle neolithic groups of the TRB (or Funnel Beaker Culture). Collective graves and large settlement sites gave way to individual burials in a largely dispersed pattern of settlement based on small sites. This was accompanied by a spread of sites into hitherto uncolonized areas, and a greater variety of locations used for settlement. This major change might at first seem to indicate a complete collapse of the earlier system, with an undifferentiated pattern replacing the apparent beginnings of hierarchies indicated by the Middle Neolithic. Kristiansen ( I 982) has recently suggested for Denmark that the middle neolithic system disintegrated, fitting a model of cyclical tribal development. It is suggested here, however, that the transformation of the middle neolithic pattern is better seen as a changed structure, which does not involve concepts such as disintegration or collapse, but marks an important shift in the organization of neolithic societies.

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Shennan, Stephen J. "Settlement and social change in central Europe, 3500?1500 BC." Journal of World Prehistory 7, no. 2 (June 1993): 121–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00975449.

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Bozóki, András. "Theoretical Interpretations of Elite Change in East Central Europe." Comparative Sociology 2, no. 1 (2003): 215–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913303100418762.

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AbstractElite theory enjoyed a remarkable revival in Central and Eastern Europe, and also in international social science research, during the 1990s. Many researchers coming from different schools of thought turned to the analysis of rapid political and social changes and ended up doing centered research. Since democratic transition and elite transformation seemed to be parallel processes, it was understandable that sociologists and political scientists of the region started to use elite theory. The idea of "third wave" of democratization advanced a reduced, more synthetic, "exportable" understanding of democracy in the political science literature. The main focus of social sciences shifted from structures to actors, from path dependency to institutional choices. Transitions, roundtable negotiations, institution-building, constitution-making, compromise-seeking, pactmaking, pact-breaking, strategic choices — all of these underlined the importance of elites and research on them. Elite settlements were seen as alternatives of social revolution. According to a widely shared view democratic institutions came into existence through negotiations and compromises among political elites calculating their own interests and desires. The elite settlement approach was then followed by some important contributions in transitology which described the process of regime change largely as "elite games." By offering a systematic overview of the theoretical interpretations of elite change from New Class theory to recent theorizing of elite change (conversion of capital, reproduction, circulation, political capitalism, technocratic continuity, three elites and the like), the paper also gives an account of the state of the arts in elite studies in different new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe.

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Svynarets, Serhii, Tim Leibert, Lucia Mrázová, and Roman Mikhaylov. "Social Innovation Approaches to Support Integration of Non-EU Migrants in Rural Central Europe: lessons learned, conclusions drawn." Hrvatski geografski glasnik/Croatian Geographical Bulletin 84, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21861/hgg.2022.84.02.03.

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In recent years, many rural regions of Central Europe have witnessed a massive inflow of non-EU nationals, turning them into new migration destinations (NDMs). The majority of these regions were not prepared for this change and international migration became a hot-button topic. However, as the negative consequences of demographic change are getting more prominent in rural Central Europe, these regions should search for new ways to stimulate the integration of newly-arrived migrants. This can be done with the help of “social innovations.” This paper provides a literature overview on the aforementioned topics, as well as an analysis of the results of the Arrival Regions Project (Interreg CENTRAL EUROPE) that tested nine different social innovation approaches to support the integration of non-EU nationals in rural Central Europe. The results of the project confirmed that social innovation approaches are an effective and easy-toimplement way to support integration of non-EU nationals living in rural Central Europe.

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Sadowski, Zdzisław L. "Development, Universalism and Systemic Change in Central Europe." Dialogue and Humanism 4, no. 5 (1994): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/dh19944533.

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An unsolved contradiction exists between the universal zest for economic growth and the menace to the future of mankind which results from it. It cannot be solved as long as human thinking is focussed on short-term issues. The global predicament of humanity calls for imiversal solutions. There is an urgent need to overcome all kinds of political and ideological Manicheism in order to arrive at universal understanding of the real problems of mankind. The present experience of Coitral European countries which find themselves in a unique historical situation of transforming their economic, social and political systems in the conditions of global predicament offers observations of relevance for the universal solutions.

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Jakubowicz, Karol. "Rude Awakening Social and Media Change in Central and Eastern Europe." Javnost - The Public 8, no. 4 (January 2001): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2001.11008786.

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Slangen, Louis H. G., G. Cornelis van Kooten, and Pavel Suchánek. "Institutions, social capital and agricultural change in central and eastern Europe." Journal of Rural Studies 20, no. 2 (April 2004): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2003.08.005.

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Fatić, Aleksandar. "The social crisis of 'central'- eastern Europe since 1989." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 69, no. 9 (1997): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv9709343f.

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This paper deals with specific aspects of the crisis of social policy on the "central"-eastem European region, after the onset of political changes that commenced in 1989 with the so-called ..anti-communist revolutions", especially in "central" European countries. The period that began then has been characterised by fast political "transition" and restructuralisation of the economy and political institutions. It has brought with it the excitements of the "capitalisation" of the economy and society, greater individual liberties and rights. However, it has also inflicted on the region a social crisis of apocalyptic dimensions, which is truly unprecedent in this century's history of eastern Europe. The paper explores some particular elements of this social crisis, both statistically and qualitatively. These aspects of the crisis are interpreted, and in its concluding section the paper purports to suggest that any institutional and political change tends to have its more or less devastating social price, which in the case of most countries of "central"-eastern Europe could be have been lower if the reform had progressed at a more moderate and better planned pace.

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BANSKI, Jerzy. "Phases to the transformation of agriculture in Central Europe – Selected processes and their results." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 12 (December 12, 2018): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/86/2018-agricecon.

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The fall of the communist system in Central Europe was followed by dynamic social and economic change that also had its clear impact on the food sector. One of the key factors shaping the contemporary condition of the agricultural sector in region has been change of ownership, with the collapse of the nationalised sector and restitution of property to former owners. The work presented here considers the main directions of changes and assessment of selected economic processes ongoing in the farming sector over the last quarter-century throughout the region under consideration. This analysis may be further broken down in relation to the three suggested phases of change, i.e. transformation, integration and polarisation. The work took in five countries of the former Eastern Bloc, i.e. the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.

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McDermott, Gerald A. "Institutional Change and Firm Creation in East-Central Europe." Comparative Political Studies 37, no. 2 (March 2004): 188–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414003260978.

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A central debate about the transformation of postcommunist countries is how political approaches to institution building affect firm restructuring and creation. This debate has largely been dominated by theories that emphasize either the depoliticization of institutional designs or the determining impact of preexisting social structures. By examining the relative economic performance of Poland and the Czech Republic in the 1990s, this article offers an alternative, embedded politicsanalysis that views firm and institutional creation as intertwined experiments. Czech attempts to implant a depoliticized model of reform impeded institutional development and the reorganization of sociopolitical networks, in which firms are embedded. Poland facilitated institutional experiments not only in the ways it promoted negotiated solutions to restructuring but also in the ways it empowered subnational governments. The study utilizes data on manufacturing networks, privatization, bankruptcy, and regional government reforms collected between 1993 and 2000.

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Starling, N. J. "Colonization and Succession: The Earlier Neolithic of Central Europe." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 51, no. 1 (December 1985): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00007027.

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Models of population and resource pressure to explain developments such as technological innovation, increasing cultural complexity and competition and warfare, have been commonly used in studies of the earlier neolithic (Bandkeramikand early TRB) of Central Europe, in the fifth and fourth millennia bc. The usefulness of such models is questioned for this period, with reference in particular to Central Germany. After initial colonization, there was no simple pattern of continuous settlement expansion; rather, initially widespread settlement developed generally into a more aggregated pattern, with a contraction of the settlement area and virtually no internal or external expansion of settlement. Models of environmental change or resource exhaustion to explain these developments are also challenged, and emphasis placed on social and subsistence changes which provided the impetus for the dynamics of the settlement pattern. Changes in settlement, with the emergence of larger villages and enclosures, culminating in the appearance of major enclosure sites and a break in settlement continuity in the early TRB, are linked with other developments; the regionalization of culture, changes in material culture and burial types, and social organization. The origins of the settlement and social patterns in this period can be seen, not in the changes forced by external factors, but in the internal developments of the neolithic groups themselves.

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Schiefer, Jasmin, Margarethe Überwimmer, Robert Füreder, and Yasel Costa. "Obstacles and Challenges of Business Succession in Central Europe." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 4, no. 5 (2019): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.45.3004.

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The transfer of a business to the next generation is a very important issue entailing several different social and economic influences. Failed business successions cause a loss of jobs, company knowledge and innovation potential. Creating an environment where business transfer is supported should therefore be of major importance for company owners and for policy makers. For better succession planning it is important to know the obstacles and challenges associated with business succession. Especially Eastern European countries face many challenges as these countries have no experience in business succession. To analyze the obstacles and challenges of business succession in Central Europe, three Eastern countries (CZ, SK and PL) with no experience in business succession were analyzed and compared to Austria where half of family businesses are at least in their second generation. Literature analysis and two focus groups with stakeholders (local public authorities and private entrepreneurs) were undertaken in all four countries. The results show that one of the main obstacles and challenges for business succession is the absence of a successor. Especially in Austria, this is recognized as the main obstacle. The Eastern countries (CZ, SK and PL) face different challenges to Austria that can mainly be explained by the lack of experience and supporting schemes for business succession. Especially knowledge and awareness related obstacles play an important role in Eastern European countries. Business succession is an individual process involving many emotions; therefore psychological and social issues are perceived as a huge obstacle in each analyzed country. Austria has a lot of experience with successful business transfers and offers various support mechanisms. However, many similar problems to Eastern countries were detected. A change of the business succession environment and the raising of awareness of the topic is therefore necessary in all investigated countries.

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Berend, Ivan T. "Social shock in transforming Central and Eastern Europe." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 40, no. 3 (August 13, 2007): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2007.06.007.

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Central and Eastern European societies, in spite of significant successes of transformation, are in a social shock. Economic hardship, unemployment, lower income and even poverty for many, and social polarization played a role in disappointment. The main reason of social shock, however, was cultural, the sharp collision of state socialist, and traditional values on the one hand and new values and social behavioral requirements on the other. The doors opened widely, but most of the people were frightened to enter into an unknown world. Social-behavioral changes are generations-long processes.

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MARMOT, MICHAEL, and MARTIN BOBAK. "Social and economic changes and health in Europe East and West." European Review 13, no. 1 (January 20, 2005): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798705000037.

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The health status of populations of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union underwent major changes after the fall of communism. While mortality started declining in Central Europe, mortality in Russia and most other countries of the former Soviet Union rose dramatically and has yet to improve. In terms of the socioeconomic changes, some countries (mainly Central Europe) were able to contain the fall in income and rise in income inequalities, but across the former Soviet Union gross domestic product plummeted and income inequality grew rapidly. This led to two types of inequality: first, the widening gap in mortality between countries, and second, the increasing social gradient in health and disease within countries. The thrust of our argument is that the disadvantages in health in Eastern Europe, and the growing social inequalities in health in the region, are direct results of the social changes, and that psychosocial factors played a pivotal role in the health pattern seen in Central and Eastern Europe.

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Hantrais, Linda. "Central and East European States Respond to Socio-Demographic Challenges." Social Policy and Society 1, no. 2 (March 28, 2002): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746402000271.

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The political and economic upheavals of the 1990s in Central and Eastern Europe were reflected in socio-demographic changes that presented major challenges for governments. Birth rates fell steeply and social divisions intensified, while population ageing was held in check by low life expectancy. Social protection systems underwent radical reform, as attempts were made to meet criteria for EU membership. This paper examines how socio-demographic change and ensuing social problems were experienced in candidate countries. It analyses the policy responses of governments and explores some of the issues being raised in the context of enlargement for EU member and applicant states.

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Toš, Niko. "Social Change and Shift of Values: Democratization Processes in Slovenia 1980–1990." Nationalities Papers 21, no. 1 (1993): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999308408256.

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This chapter is concerned with the swift and unexpected political and social breaks that occurred at the end of the eighties in Eastern and Central Europe and which we have been experiencing as necessary, inevitable, foreseen but delayed. A simultaneous, particularly media-created analysis, has characterized them as a “peaceful revolution,” but at least two questions arise.

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Manning, Nick. "Diversity and Change in Pre-Accession Central and Eastern Europe Since 1989." Journal of European Social Policy 14, no. 3 (August 2004): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928704044620.

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Heyets, Valeriy. "Social Quality in a Transitive Society." International Journal of Social Quality 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ijsq.2019.090103.

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Nearly 30 years of transformation of the sociopolitical and legal, socioeconomical and financial, sociocultural and welfare, and socioenvironmental dimensions in both Central and Eastern Europe, including Ukraine, has led to a change of the social quality of daily circumstances. On the one hand, the interconnection and reciprocity of these four relevant dimensions of societal life is the underlying cause of such changes, and on the other, the state as main actor of the sociopolitical and legal dimension is the initiator of those changes. Applying the social quality approach, I will reflect in this article on the consequences of these changes, especially in Ukraine. In comparison, the dominant Western interpretation of the “welfare state” will also be discussed.

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Polášek, Patrik. "Zpráva z varšavské mezinárodní konference "Religion, Cultural Heritage, and Social Change in Central-Eastern Europe"." Religio revue pro religionistiku, no. 2 (2022): [195]—197. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/rel2022-2-6.

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Brier, Robert. "Transnational Culture and the Political Transformation of East-Central Europe." European Journal of Social Theory 12, no. 3 (August 2009): 337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368431009337350.

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In social scientific studies of Europe’s new democracies, there has emerged an analytical approach which transcends the teleology of ‘transitology’ and, focusing on the impact of culture and history, is sensitive to the contingencies and ‘eventfulness’ of social transformations. The main thrust of this article is that such a culturo-historical approach may prove useful not only in assessing the different results to which the processes of democratization lead at the national level, but also to assess the general direction of political change after 1989 towards democracy. Building on Eisenstadt’s notion of modernity as a cultural and political program, this article therefore attempts to understand the revolutions of 1989 not only as the mere sum of particular national events, but also as part of an ‘entangled history’, that is, as a common, transnational phenomenon which was based on and articulated a shared cultural understanding.

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Bódi, Ferenc, and Ralitsa Savova. "Sociocultural Change in Hungary." International Journal of Social Quality 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ijsq.2020.100205.

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Although Hungary joined the European Union in 2004, it seems that it has not yet been able to catch up with its Western European neighbors socioeconomically. The reasons for this are numerous, including the fact that this former historical region (Kingdom of Hungary), today the sovereign state of Hungary, has a specific sociocultural image and attitude formed by various historical events. And the nature of these events can explain why Hungary’s economic development and overarching political narrative differ so markedly from Western Europe. The aim of this article is to present the unique location of Hungary in the context of Central and Eastern Europe, and to address such factors as urbanization and industrialization, migration, population, politics, economic development, and social values crisis. We argue that these factors, including the European status quo that emerged after 1945, have influenced the existing sociopolitical, socioeconomic, and sociocultural differences between Hungary and Western European EU states.

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Checkel, Jeffrey T. ""Going Native" In Europe?" Comparative Political Studies 36, no. 1-2 (February 2003): 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414002239377.

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This article advances hypotheses linking specific European institutions to changes in agent preferences, with the objective to explore the pathways and mechanisms through which such shifts occur. Drawing on work in social psychology and communications research, the author develops a micro-, process-, and agency-based argument on the nature of social interaction within institutions. Empirically, he examines committees of the Council of Europe, the main European rights institution, asking whether the preferences/interests of social agents changed as they discussed and debated issues. Put differently, did they "go native" in Strasbourg? Theoretically, a series of scope conditions for when argumentative persuasion will be effective in "changing minds" is advanced. By thus defining clear domains of application, the article contributes to a central goal of this special issue: building bridges to other-rationalist, in this case-views on social interaction.

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CERMAN, MARKUS. "Social structure and land markets in late medieval central and east-central Europe." Continuity and Change 23, no. 1 (April 4, 2008): 55–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416008006656.

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ABSTRACTRecent research on the development of peasant land markets and transfer patterns for central and east-central Europe concentrated on the early modern period. For the late Middle Ages, rural history still relies on older approaches studying the general development of ‘agrarian structure’ (Agrarverfassung) and peasant ‘inheritance’. This article seeks to establish the basis for a more systematic analysis of the formation and general development of peasant land markets in late medieval central and east-central Europe in a comparative perspective. Apart from changes weakening traditional manorial structures, secure peasant property rights of hereditary tenure developed and prevailed by the later Middle Ages. Possible institutional rigidities of transactions with peasant farmland, whose effects in practice would need further exploration, were undermined by the existence of reserves of land situated outside the measured open fields of peasant farms that could be traded more flexibly. These areas also formed important resources for the establishment of smallholders and cottagers who in turn added to the dynamics of developing peasant land markets. In the final section, the article offers a brief survey of developments during the early modern period and concludes that traditional images of an undermining of peasant property rights and of massive landlord powers due to the rise of ‘demesne lordship’ (Gutsherrschaft) must be seriously questioned, as recent empirical studies highlight enormous regional variation and a dominant pattern of continuity of secure peasant property rights and also indicate considerable land mobility.

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Macek, Petr, Constance Flanagan, Leslie Gallay, Lubomir Kostron, Luba Botcheva, and Beno Csapo. "Postcommunist Societies in Times of Transition: Perceptions of Change Among Adolescents in Central and Eastern Europe." Journal of Social Issues 54, no. 3 (April 9, 2010): 547–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01235.x.

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Böröcz, József. "Stand Reconstructed: Contingent Closure and Institutional Change." Sociological Theory 15, no. 3 (November 1997): 215–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0735-2751.00033.

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The process is traced whereby crucially important, multiple denotations of classical sociology's key notion referring to social position—the Weberian German concept of Stand—have been stripped to create a simplified and inaccurate representation of social inequalities. Some historical material from central Europe is surveyed, with a brief look at Japan, to demonstrate validity problems created by blanket application of the culturally specific, streamlined notions of status/class. As an alternative, a notion of contingent social closure argues that relaxing the modernizationist assumptions of a single transition from estate to status/class increases the comparative-historical sensitivity of research on social structure, inequality, and stratification. A dynamic reading of Polányi suggests a reconceptualization of institutions as the “raw material” of social change. This might help to avoid the outdated contrast of the “West” vs. its “Others.”

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Meardi, Guglielmo. "Restructuring in an enlarged Europe: challenges and experiences." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 13, no. 2 (May 2007): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890701300208.

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This article presents historical and aggregate data on restructuring in central and eastern Europe, and some examples from multinationals in Poland and Hungary. It shows how the violent structural readjustment process of the 1990s has left important social, political and psychological legacies which affect current approaches to restructuring. The new EU Member States, faced with relocations both to the west (in capital-intensive industries) and further east (in low-skill labour-intensive industries), therefore need employee participation mechanisms, cross-border information and western solidarity to ensure the social acceptability of change.

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Górny, Maciej. "Not All Past is Legacy: Echoes of 1917–1923 in Contemporary East Central Europe." TalTech Journal of European Studies 11, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjes-2021-0004.

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Abstract The article discusses parallelisms between the social and political realities of East Central Europe around 1917–1923 and the current state of affairs. It starts with an analysis of the dynamic social relations in the final year of the Great War to follow with the question of their impact on politics and a short outline of the region’s history after 1918. While in terms of political and social reality there is little to invite comparison between these two periods under scrutiny, the language of politics and popular sentiments do. Most importantly, and similarly to East Central Europe in the interwar period, fear of a radical change (be it Bolshevism as in 1917–1923 or the cultural revolution) is the main tool of conservative mobilization which represents the sole actual danger to the existing social and political order.

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Böröcz, József. "Simulating the great transformation: property change under prolonged informality in Hungary." European Journal of Sociology 34, no. 1 (May 1993): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600006561.

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Transformations of society-wide organizing principles or, ‘systemic’ features, of property relations are rare historical occurrences and constitute crucial aspects of social change. The recent architectonic rearrangement of the societies of East-Central Europe is especially remarkable as it represents a move away from a unique, very large-scale, comprehensive social experiment concerning the use of state power in establishing and maintaining putative ‘socialist property’ as a ‘systemic’ principle. The ongoing move away from that experiment—the post-state-socialist transition—is a vector with an unmistakable point of departure and a quite nebulous direction.

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Vasile, Monica, Jennifer R. Cash, and Patrick Heady. "Contemporary Godparenthood in Central and Eastern Europe." Journal of Family History 43, no. 1 (November 5, 2017): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363199017738203.

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This introduction to the collection opens up the conversation between historians and anthropologists about the practical significance and social meaning of spiritual kinship. By discussing the key findings of five anthropological studies—in Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, and Moldova—we point to resemblances and differences. We examine common structural elements of the spiritual kinship system and the religious and material meanings involved. We find differing symbolic logics as well as different intensities of godparental practices, which can be described as a geographical, east-west gradient. Speaking broadly, the more to the east a place is, the more thriving the practice. In explaining the variation, ethnographic insights suggest that long-term differentiating trends are important, and also contemporary historical factors—substantial economic and political changes since the mid-twentieth century.

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Bell, Simon, Alicia Montarzino, Peter Aspinall, Zanda Penēze, and Oļģerts Nikodemus. "Rural Society, Social Inclusion and Landscape Change in Central and Eastern Europe: A Case Study of Latvia." Sociologia Ruralis 49, no. 3 (July 2009): 295–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2009.00480.x.

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Dunn, Dennis J. "Nihil Obstat: Religion, Politics, and Social Change in East-Central Europe and Russia by Sabrina P. Ramet." Catholic Historical Review 85, no. 1 (1999): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.1999.0111.

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Ekiert, Grzegorz. "Democratization Processes in East Central Europe: A Theoretical Reconsideration." British Journal of Political Science 21, no. 3 (July 1991): 285–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400006177.

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This article explores various dimensions of the issue of transition to democracy in East Central Europe, focusing on the question of how past experiences shape the process of political change and on the limits of democratization in the region. The first part reviews scholarly debates on the relationship between the political crisis and processes of democratization in the region, arguing that new analytical categories are needed to account for different dimensions of the current transition process. The second part proposes a new framework for analysing changing relations between the party–state and society across time and in different state-socialist societies. The third part examines some recent political developments in countries of the region in order to identify those factors that may contribute to or impede a possibility of the transition to democracy in these countries. It concludes that in all East Central European countries the rapid collapse of party–states and the multidimensional social, political and economic crisis has initiated a parallel process of diminution of power of both the state and civil society, which may significantly endanger the transition to a democratic political order.

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Ogilvie, Sheilagh C. "Institutions and Economic Development in Early Modern Central Europe." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5 (December 1995): 221–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679335.

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Institutions and economies underwent profound changes between 1500 and 1800 in most parts of Europe. Differences among societies decreased in some ways, but markedly increased in others. Do these changes and these variations tell us anything about the relationship between social organisation and economic well-being? This is a very wide question, and even the qualified ‘yes’ with which I will answer it, though based on the detailed empirical research of some hundreds of local studies undertaken in the past few decades, is far from definitive. Many of these studies were inspired by an influential set of hypotheses, known as the ‘theory of proto-industrialisation’. While this theory has been enormously fruitful, its conclusions about European economic and social development are no longer tenable. This paper offers an alternative interpretation of the evidence now available about proto-industrialisation in different European societies, and explores its implications by investigating one region of Central Europe between 1580 and about 1800.

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HOUSTON, R. A. "‘Lesser-used’ languages in historic Europe: models of change from the 16th to the 19th centuries." European Review 11, no. 3 (July 2003): 299–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798703000309.

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This article charts and tries to explain the changing use of ‘minority’ languages in Europe between the end of the Middle Ages and the 19th century. This period saw the beginnings of a decline in the use of certain dialects and separate languages, notably Irish and Scottish Gaelic, although some tongues such as Catalan and Welsh remained widely used. The article develops some models of the relationship between language and its social, economic and political context. That relationship was mediated through the availability of printed literature; the political (including military) relations between areas where different languages or dialects were spoken; the nature and relative level of economic development (including urbanization); the policy of the providers of formal education and that of the church on religious instruction and worship; and, finally, local social structures and power relationships. The focus is principally on western Europe, but material is also drawn from Scandinavia and from eastern and central Europe.

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Ekiert, Grzegorz, and Daniel Ziblatt. "Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe One Hundred Years On." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 27, no. 1 (December 12, 2012): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325412465310.

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In the twenty years since communism’s collapse, scholars of postcommmunist Central and Eastern Europe have increasingly converged on the insight that long-run continuities reaching back to the nineteenth century are crucial in shaping some of the most important contemporary macro- and micro-level political outcomes in the region. Today’s political cleavages, political discourses, patterns of partisan affiliation, institutional choice, and the quality of democracy itself all appear to correlate to a remarkable degree with patterns from the “deep past.” To date, social scientists, however, have not sufficiently reflected on what might explain this finding and how to study the impact of the general phenomenon of the long-run in the region. This article makes two contributions. First, we contend that in general, long-run continuities may ironically be more important in contexts of discontinuous institutional change such as in Central and Eastern Europe since frequent institutional disjunctures paradoxically open chasms between formal and informal institutions, preventing gradual change and producing patterns of institutional mimicry to cope with institutional ruptures. This insight may travel to other contexts of weak institutionalization. Second, we reject efforts to identify “deep causes” of contemporary outcomes without specifying how intervening events and crises intersect with these longer-run patterns. The article resuscitates Fernand Braudel’s notion of the longue duree to propose a new cumulative approach to the study of the long-run that complicates accounts that too starkly juxtapose precommunist and communist-era “legacies” on the present and argues that scholars should study how these periods reinforce each other and jointly determine contemporary outcomes.

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Minarik, Pavol. "Religiosity and economic attitudes in post-communist Central Europe: Some additional evidence." Social Compass 66, no. 4 (September 6, 2019): 522–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768619868434.

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Religion and religiosity are rarely the main focus of economic research; although, some studies have already shown the importance of religion for economic development. Previous research has also provided some evidence that religiosity matters in the process of formation of economic attitudes. Economic attitudes and culture in general affect social institutions and economic development, especially in the periods of institutional change. This article provides some additional evidence that religiosity has had an impact on economic attitudes in post-communist countries. Thus, religion shall be taken seriously as an explanatory variable when it comes to evaluation of transition process and its outcomes.

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Bianchini, Stefano. "L'Europa orientale a venti anni dal 1989." PASSATO E PRESENTE, no. 78 (October 2009): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pass2009-078001.

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- Eastern Europe twenty years on looks retrospectively at the radical changes that have occurred in East-Central Europe since 1989. Despite the Cold War, cultural, economic and social exchanges and "métissages" had developed between the two parts of Europe. The communist collapse of 1989 offered a simultaneous opportunity of reforms and integration, given the interdependence between the "post-socialist transition" and the double process of the Eu enlargement and deepening. Nationalism however has emerged in opposition to integration (and globalization) in both Eastern and Western Europe, giving a new dimension to processes that increasingly have emphasized how Europe is no longer divided in an East-West dichotomy, but displays similar problems in dealing with diversity, social welfare, effective governance and mutual recognition.Key words: Post-socialist transition, European Union, métissage, Nationalism, Globalization.Parole chiave: transizione post-socialista, Unione europea, meticciato, nazionalismo, globalizzazione.

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Marciniak, Arkadiusz. "Communities, households and animals. Convergent developments in Central Anatolian and Central European Neolithic." Documenta Praehistorica 35 (December 31, 2008): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.35.7.

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This paper intends to scrutinize striking similarities in cultural developments and social transformations in Neolithic communities in the North European Plain of Central Europe and Central Anatolia in the early phase of their development and in the following post-Eearly Neolithic period. They will be explored through evidence pertaining to architecture and the organization of space, alongside changes in settlement pattern, as well as animal bone assemblages and zoomorphic representations. Social changes, in particular a transition from communal arrangements of local groups in the Early Neolithic to autonomous household organization in the following period, will be debated.

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Borowski, Andrzej. "Hierarchy of Values of Students in Selected Countries of Middle-Eastern Europe in the Context of the Public Trust." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 38 (August 2014): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.38.100.

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Social trust is related with phenomenon strictly, in Central Europe from over 20 years of social change getting. I have devoted problems of social trust in international investigative project 2009-2012 taking part concerning perception category social trust including country post-communist particular note and from these countries systems of values of young people. Values are declared present by students in daily life frequently definitely than in functioning social structure at the nature institutional-organizational.

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Máté, Domicián, Mohammad Fazle Rabbi, Adam Novotny, and Sándor Kovács. "Grand Challenges in Central Europe: The Relationship of Food Security, Climate Change, and Energy Use." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 5422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205422.

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Pursuing various sustainable development goals is posing new challenges for societies, policymakers, and researchers alike. This study implements an exploratory approach to address the complexity of food security and nuance its relationship with other grand challenges, such as energy use and climate change, in Central European countries. A multiple factor analysis (MFA) suggests that the three pillars of food security relate differently to climate change: food affordability and food accessibility positively correlate with climate change, while food quality has a negative association with temperature rise. However, if countries switched to renewable energy resources, all three pillars of food security could be achieved simultaneously. The study also underlines regional inequalities regarding grand challenges and emphasizes the need for innovative local solutions, i.e., advances in agriculture systems, educational programs, and the development of environmental technologies that consider social and economic issues.

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Papac, Luka, Michal Ernée, Miroslav Dobeš, Michaela Langová, Adam B. Rohrlach, Franziska Aron, Gunnar U. Neumann, et al. "Dynamic changes in genomic and social structures in third millennium BCE central Europe." Science Advances 7, no. 35 (August 2021): eabi6941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abi6941.

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Europe’s prehistory oversaw dynamic and complex interactions of diverse societies, hitherto unexplored at detailed regional scales. Studying 271 human genomes dated ~4900 to 1600 BCE from the European heartland, Bohemia, we reveal unprecedented genetic changes and social processes. Major migrations preceded the arrival of “steppe” ancestry, and at ~2800 BCE, three genetically and culturally differentiated groups coexisted. Corded Ware appeared by 2900 BCE, were initially genetically diverse, did not derive all steppe ancestry from known Yamnaya, and assimilated females of diverse backgrounds. Both Corded Ware and Bell Beaker groups underwent dynamic changes, involving sharp reductions and complete replacements of Y-chromosomal diversity at ~2600 and ~2400 BCE, respectively, the latter accompanied by increased Neolithic-like ancestry. The Bronze Age saw new social organization emerge amid a ≥40% population turnover.

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Dolfini, Andrea, and Renato Peroni. "The origins of metallurgy in central Italy: new radiometric evidence." Antiquity 84, no. 325 (September 1, 2010): 707–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00100183.

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Precision radiocarbon dating continues to bring historical order into key moments of social and economic change, such as the use of metals. Here the author dates human bone in graves with metal artefacts and shows that copper, antimony and silver were being fashioned into daggers and beads in west central Italy by the early to mid fourth millennium cal BC; but the new-fangled objects had not reached contemporary cemeteries on the other side of the Apennines. We can perhaps look forward to a time when the arrival of metallurgy in Europe is neither diffusionary nor piecemeal, but the result of real historical events and social contacts, mapped for us by radiocarbon.

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Cabada, Ladislav. "Democracy revisited? Prospects of (liberal) democracy (not only) in the East-Central Europe." Politics in Central Europe 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 793–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2021-0041.

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Abstract Scholarly debate about the prospects of democracy have undergone a fundamental change in the last three decades. While the period of the 1990s might be distinguished by extensive optimism, in the 2000s we can observe a distinct change towards a more restrained perception. Furthermore, the last decade might be evaluated as pessimistic in the social sciences on the grounds of economic recession after 2008 as well other crisis in an economic, societal and political senses. The rather distinctive terms used for the expression of doubts about the pro-democratic development and consolidation, such as ‘semi-consolidated’, ‘new’ or ‘young’ democracy, or de-democratisation, were replaced with more dramatic expressions such as illiberal democracy, democratic backsliding, hybrid, regime, soft dictatorship and ‘the light that failed’, as Krastev described the recent image of East-Central Europe in an almost dystopic manner. While in the 1990s the Slovak version of democratura – Mečiarism – was perceived as the exception, in the late 2010s populist neo-illiberal regimes became the dominant shape of regimes in (East)Central Europe. This review essay presents three recent analyses of the democratic backsliding and state capture (not only) in East-Central Europe and frames this presentation into the more extensive literature review.

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Rebernik, Dejan. "Recent development of Slovene towns - social structure and transformation." Dela, no. 21 (December 1, 2004): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.21.139-144.

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In Slovene towns and urban areas several processes of social transformation and change have been present in the last decade. As a consequence of political and economic transition increased social differentiation resulted in increased social segregation in urban areas. Some areas such as high-rise housing estates and part of older inner city areas were affected by social degradation and concentration of low-income population and ethnical minorities. In some parts of inner cities processes of reurbanisation and gentrification are taking place. However, the degree of social segragation is lower than in the cities of most transitional countries of Central and Eastern Europe.

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Agnew, John. "Revisiting Europe in search of regional cohesion." Regions and Cohesion 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2020.100303.

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Abstract:The regions–cohesion nexus focuses on how much people and place “prosperity” cannot be readily distinguished but are intimately connected. After reviewing some older sources on this logic, the article examines the current status of social cohesion within the European Union and what the future might hold depending on how much a crucial balance between global competitiveness and social cohesion is restored as the centerpiece of the supranational union. Current trends point in different directions, so critical choices will have to be made if the European Union as a whole is to survive and prosper. The income and fiscal divides between East and West and North and South should be the primary focus for rehabilitating the regions–cohesion nexus.Resumen: El nexo regiones–cohesión se centra en la difi cultad de distinguir las personas de los lugares en “prosperidad”, porque están intrínsecamente conectados. Después de revisar algunas referencias clásicas sobre esta lógica, este artículo examina el estado actual de la cohesión social dentro de la UE y lo que puede deparar el futuro dependiendo de cuánto se puede restablecer un equilibrio crucial entre la competitividad global y la cohesión social, como pieza central de la unión supranacional. Las tendencias actuales apuntan en diferentes direcciones. Será necesario tomar decisiones críticas para que la UE en su conjunto pueda sobrevivir y prosperar. El ingreso y las divisiones fiscales entre Oriente y Occidente, Norte y Sur, deberían ser el foco principal de atención para rehabilitar el nexo regiones–cohesión.Résumé: L’étude du lien entre régions et cohésion montre l’interdépendance qui existe entre la prospérité des peuples de celles des lieux. A partir d’une revue de la bibliographie sur ce sujet, cet article examine l’état actuel de la cohésion sociale à l’intérieur de l’Union européenne. Il s’intéresse également à son futur et à l’importance de la restauration d’un équilibre entre la compétitivité globale et la cohésion sociale en faveur de l’union supranationale. Les tendances actuelles indiquent différentes directions de telle manière que des choix critiques devront être faits pour que l’EU dans son ensemble survive et prospère. Le nivelement des disparités salariales et fiscales entre l’Est et l’Ouest et le Nord et le Sud devrait être le premier objectif visant à réhabiliter le lien entre régions et cohésion.

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Dahl, Michał. "India’s foreign policy towards Central and Eastern Europe in 2014-2019." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 12, no. 1 (September 24, 2021): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.6469.

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It has been said that Central and Eastern Europe can be seen as an interesting direction for Indian political and economic expansion. Both the data on diplomatic activity and India’s trade with the countries of CEE, however, prove that the region is not of key importance for New Delhi’s foreign policy. On the other hand, a steadily growing trade turnover allows assuming that the current situation will gradually change. The conclusions may be confirmed by the analysis of New Delhi’s diplomacy directions in the region. The Indian leaders (not the most important figures, taking into account symbolism and real significance) visited in the years 2014-2019 the CEE countries with the highest trade turnover with India, namely Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania. They also paid visits to Bulgaria, Croatia and Serbia, that is countries with which India’s trade turnover is relatively low, but steadily growing. It may indicate a desire to establish more active diplomatic and economic involvement in this region than previously.

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Duzinskas, Raimundas, and Arturas Jurgelevicius. "25 Years on the Way to Market Economy: Progress or Regression. The Case of Lithuania." Journal of International Business Research and Marketing 6, no. 4 (2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.64.3001.

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After the collapse of central planned economy in Central and Eastern Europe, all affected countries experienced dramatic change towards the market economy. Seemingly, market economy could bring prosperity and plant “american dream” in Central and Eastern Europe. However, the way towards market economy of every country became not that easy as was thought primarily. Different models of transition period did not bring rapid results, however. “Shock Therapy” or gradualist approach was the central pillar of debates of economists and politicians. However, none of them could predict the exact consequences to the development of economies. The official approach to market economy was considered liberalization. The creation of extremely important preconditions for transitions was lacking. The most important market institutes such as social capital, human resources were not created timely which caused long social economic consequences to countries’ development. Lithuanian experience of transforming economy and integration to EU is analyzed in the paper. Lithuanian experience might be applicable to other potential candidate countries. In order to identify the level of development such indicators were selected: competitiveness index, rate of social exclusion and at risk of poverty, GDP growth rate, minimum wage and others.

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Kelley, Jonathan, and Krzysztof Zagorski. "ECONOMIC CHANGE AND THE LEGITIMATION OF INEQUALITY: THE TRANSITION FROM SOCIALISM TO THE FREE MARKET IN CENTRAL-EAST EUROPE." Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 22 (January 2004): 319–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0276-5624(04)22011-x.

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Štefková, Marketa. "Sociaal tolken in Centraal-Europa en de mogelijkheden van de implementatie van modules sociaal tolken binnen de opleidingen Neerlandistiek extra muros." Neerlandica Wratislaviensia 28 (June 26, 2019): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-0716.28.7.

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Social interpreting in Central Europe and the possible implementations of social interpreting modules in extra mural programmes of Dutch studies Community/social or public service interpreting is a broad concept that deals with multiple interpretation techniques, communicative situations and social sectors in the field of health, law or administration. The position of interpreters within these contexts differs from country to country. What is also highly diverse is the interpreter’s background, his or her interpreting skills, training, language knowledge and quality of the interpreter’s performance.First of all, the concept of community interpreting is defined in the context of the Low Countries and Central Europe. The change of the social context and the need for qualified interpreters is outlined in connection with the present migration movements. The article summarises some possibilities of implementing specific modules and exercises in the curriculum of a small language programme such as Dutch studies. These provide the students with the first insights into community interpreting. They can take it as a basis and develop their basic interpreting competence in this area.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Social change – Europe, Central'

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