Journal articles on the topic 'Social change – Colombia'
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Dix, Robert H. "Social Change and Party System Stability in Colombia." Government and Opposition 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1990.tb00749.x.
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In August 1989 a Declaration of War On The State by Colombian drug traffickers and the attendant murder of a leading presidential candidate, Liberal Luis Carlos Galgn, seemed to threaten the foundations of democracy itself. Yet as the campaign leading up to the 1990 elections went forward under conditions of extraordinarily tight security, it also appeared that Colombia's two traditional parties would enter the next decade paradoxically still secure in the virtually monopolistic position within the domain of electoral politics that they had held for more than a century.
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NIELSON, DANIEL L., and MATTHEW SOBERG SHUGART. "Constitutional Change in Colombia." Comparative Political Studies 32, no. 3 (May 1999): 313–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414099032003002.
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By the late 1980s the Colombian constitution had come under severe pressure for reform as the population shifted markedly from a rural to an urban majority. The president had repeatedly tried to provide policy to court the median Colombian voter, who was urban. The congress was strongly tied to rural interests. Congress consistently thwarted presidential efforts at policy reform. Different presidents again and again proposed constitutional reform as a way of achieving eventual policy aims, only to have the proposed reforms soundly rejected in the legislature. The Colombian congress solely possessed the authority to make constitutional revisions. This article tells the story of how this institutional impasse was overcome. In the wake of severe social strife and conflict a national referendum on constitutional reform was passed by popular vote and upheld by judicial action. This article argues that such constitutional conflict might only be overcome through extraconstitutional—although still democratic—means.
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Ospina, Jose. "Self-Help Housing and Social Change In Colombia." Community Development Journal 20, no. 4 (1985): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/20.4.257-a.
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Ospina, José. "Self-help housing and social change in Colombia." Habitat International 9, no. 3-4 (January 1985): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975(85)90061-x.
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Pardo Martínez, Clara Inés, and William H. Alfonso P. "Climate change in Colombia." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 10, no. 4 (August 20, 2018): 632–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-04-2017-0087.
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Purpose This research analyses and evaluates the trends and perspectives of climate change in Colombia. This study aims to understand the main ideas and concepts of climate change in five regions of the country by analysing attitudes and values, information habits, institutionalism and the social appropriation of science and technology. Design/methodology/approach The research study involved a focus group technique. Ten focus groups in five regions of the country, including rural regions, were administered. The selection of cities and municipalities in this study took into account vulnerability scenarios based on the two criteria of temperature and precipitation for the 2011-2040 period. Findings The participants of the focus groups believe that climate change began 10 years ago and that human activities have caused climate change. The main effects of climate change are believed to be droughts and floods that have appeared in the past several years and have negatively impacted agricultural activities and the quality of life of the population. Moreover, the participants believe that it is important to design and apply adequate measures to adapt to and mitigate climate change. Originality/value This study makes an important contribution to the extant climate change literature by identifying and categorising the main ideas and knowledge on this issue from the perspective of the population in Colombia. In developing countries with high climate change vulnerability, it is especially important to analyse this issue to determine relevant official policy instruments that could promote adequate actions and instruments to prevent, adapt to and mitigate climate change.
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Levine, Daniel H. "Continuities in Colombia." Journal of Latin American Studies 17, no. 2 (November 1985): 295–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00007902.
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Lately we have become accustomed to look for change in Latin American Catholicism. Indeed, expectations of innovation and change have largely replaced the norms of continuity which once governed both scholarly and popular outlooks on the Catholic Church in the region. Constant change is now commonly anticipated in the ideas and structures of the churches, in their relation to social movements, and in the form and content of the churches' projections into society and politics as a whole.
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Poveda, G., and K. Pineda. "Reassessment of Colombia's tropical glaciers retreat rates: are they bound to disappear during the 2010–2020 decade?" Advances in Geosciences 22 (December 14, 2009): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-22-107-2009.
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Abstract. Clear-cut evidences of global environmental change in Colombia are discussed for diverse hydro-climatic records, and illustrated herein for increasing minimum temperature and decreasing annual maximum river flows records. As a consequence, eight tropical glaciers disappeared from the Colombian Andes during the 20th century, and the remaining six have experienced alarming retreat rates during the last decade. Here we report an updated estimation of retreat rates in the six remaining glacierized mountain ranges of Colombia for the period 1987–2007, using Landsat TM and TM+ imagery. Analyses are performed using detailed pre-processing, processing and post-processing satellite imagery techniques. Alarming retreat rates are confirmed in the studied glaciers, with an overall area shrinkage from 60 km2 in 2002, to 55.4 km2 in 2003, to less than 45 km2 in 2007. Assuming such linear loss rate (~3 km2 per year), for the near and medium term, the total collapse of the Colombian glaciers can be foreseen by 2022, but diverse physical mechanisms discussed herein would exacerbate the shrinkage processes, thus prompting us to forecast a much earlier deadline by the late 2010–2020 decade, long before the 100 years foreseen by the 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. This forecast demands detailed monitoring studies of mass and energy balances. Our updated estimations of Colombia's glacier retreat rates posse serious challenges for highly valuable ecosystem services, including water supply of several large cities and hundreds of rural settlements along the Colombian Andes, but also for cheap and renewable hydropower generation which provides 80% of Colombia's demand. Also, the identified changes threaten the survivability of unique and fragile ecosystems like paramos and cloud forests, in turn contributing to exacerbate social unrest and ongoing environmental problems in the tropical Andes which have been identified as the most critical hotspot for biodiversity on Earth. Colombia requires support from the global adaptation fund to develop research, and to design policies, strategies and tools to cope with these urgent social and environmental threats.
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Malamud, Marina. "Climate Change and Violence in Post-Conflict Colombia." International Journal of Technoethics 11, no. 2 (July 2020): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijt.2020070104.
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The aim is to explain the link between climate-related issues and violent patterns in Colombia after the 2016 peace agreements. The main premise is that the effects of an erratic climate has an indirect but relevant influence in the emergence of new forms of violence. In other words, the climatic change and environmental degradation act as a “stressor” in different forms of violence in this commodity-based economy recovering from more than 50 years of internal armed conflict. The qualitative approach is based on semi-structured interviews with government representatives and academics to track different perspectives. It is argued that key environmental and climate-related issues in new forms of conflict after the peace deal are linked to the fragmentary distribution and control of land, the ongoing forced migration patterns, and expansion of a new and more lucrative illicit economy.
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Florez, C. Elisa, and Dennis P. Hogan. "Demographic Transition and Life Course Change in Colombia." Journal of Family History 15, no. 1 (March 1990): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909001500101.
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Arias, Paola A., Juan Camilo Villegas, Jenny Machado, Angélica M. Serna, Lina M. Vidal, Catherine Vieira, Carlos A. Cadavid, Sara C. Vieira, Jorge E. Ángel, and Óscar A. Mejía. "Reducing Social Vulnerability to Environmental Change: Building Trust through Social Collaboration on Environmental Monitoring." Weather, Climate, and Society 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-15-0049.1.
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Abstract The occurrence of natural and socially driven catastrophic events has increased in the last few decades in response to global environmental changes. One of the most societally relevant challenges in managing the effects of these events is the establishment of risk management strategies that focus on managing vulnerability, particularly in disfavored countries, and communities among them. Most cases of enhanced vulnerability occur in, but are not limited to, developing countries, where the combination of social inequity, inappropriate use of natural resources, population displacement, and institutional mistrust, among other factors, make risk management particularly challenging. This paper presents a vulnerability-centered risk management framework based on social cohesion and integration principles that, combined with scientific, technical, and popular knowledge, lead to the development of social networks of risk reduction. This framework is intended as a strategy to strengthen early warning systems (EWS), where the human-related factor is among their most challenging components. Using water-related hazards as a case study, this paper describes the experience of the conformation of a social network for environmental monitoring using this model example on vulnerability reduction in the rural areas of the central Andes in Colombia. This experience allowed the effective conformation of a social network for environmental monitoring in 80 municipalities of Colombia, where communities developed a sense of ownership with the instrumentation and the network, strengthening links with local authorities and contributing to more efficient EWS. More generally, the authors highlight the need to develop vulnerability-centered risk management via community-building strategies, particularly for areas where little can be done to decrease the occurrence of catastrophic events.
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Correa, Francisco. "Tasa de descuento ambiental Gamma: una aplicación para Colombia." Lecturas de Economía, no. 69 (February 16, 2009): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n69a739.
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Este artículo tiene como objetivo central describir y aplicar una metodología para estimar la tasa de descuento en proyectos de largo plazo para Colombia, como son los proyectos relacionados con la conservación ambiental y el cambio climático global. La metodología aplicada es conocida como el descuento gamma. Para la aplicación de este método se realizó una encuesta a 120 economistas de Colombia, de esta forma se obtuvo una tasa descuento mucho menor que la tasa social de descuento usualmente utilizada en la evaluación económica de proyectos de largo plazo en el país. Adicionalmente, las estimaciones realizadas permiten verificar la declinación en el tiempo de dicha tasa de descuento. Palabras clave: descuento, preferencias intertemporales, impactos ambientales, análisis costo-beneficio, incertidumbre. Clasificación JEL: B41, D91, Q51 Abstract: The main purpose of this article is to describe and apply a methodology to estimate the discount rate on long-term projects, such as those related to environmental conservation and global climate change, for Colombia. The applied methodology is known as gamma discount. For the application of this method, a survey of 120 Colombian economists was conducted. This yielded a much smaller discount rate than the social rate of discount typically used in the economic evaluation of domestic long-term projects. Additionally, the obtained estimations allow verifying the decline in time of such a discount rate. Keywords: discount rate, intertemporal preferences, environmental impacts, cost-benefit analysis, uncertainty. JEL Classification: B41, D91, Q51 Résumé : Cet article présente une méthodologie permettant d.estimer le taux d.actualisation dans la valorisation des projets de long terme pour la Colombie, notamment les projets associés à la préservation de l.environnement et le changement climatique. La méthodologie que nous appliquons est connue comme l.escompte gamma. Pour ce faire, nous avons fait un sondage auprès de 120 économistes de Colombie, ce qui nous a permit d.établir un taux d.escompte beaucoup plus petit que le taux social d.escompte traditionnellement utilisé dans l'évaluation économique des projets de long terme dans le pays. En plus, les estimations effectuées permettent de vérifier la chute de ce taux d.escompte dans le temps. Mots Clef: taux d.escompte, préférences intertemporelles, impacts environnementaux, analyse coût bénéfice, incertitude. Classification JEL: B41, D91, Q51
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Kahn, Leora. "My Body Is a War Zone: Exhibitions and Testimonies as a Tool for Change." Violence Against Women 25, no. 13 (September 10, 2019): 1578–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219869545.
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This article has evolved from an exhibition produced with PROOF: Media for Social Justice entitled “My Body Is a War Zone,” which was part of a larger project (“Legacy of Rape”) consisting of stories from women in four postconflict regions. Drawing on interviews conducted with women in Santa Marta, Colombia, in May 2012 and January 2017, I explore the use of testimony, photography, and exhibition as a means of empowering survivors to become activists. Using the Colombian example, I argue that such exhibitions can transform national and public dialogue by engaging audiences on a personal and emotional level.
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Coronado, Sergio. "Rights in the Time of Populism: Land and Institutional Change Amid the Reemergence of Right-Wing Authoritarianism in Colombia." Land 8, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8080119.
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In Colombia, right-wing leadership returned to power after winning the presidential elections in 2018 in a campaign in which they opposed the previous government, primarily because of the negotiations and peacemaking with the FARC-EP (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia—Ejército del Pueblo ‘Armed Revolutionary Forces of Colombia—People’s Army’), Colombia’s largest guerrilla organization. Globally, there is a vibrant academic debate about how to characterize the current rise of right-wing populism or authoritarianism, but more profound insights from each country’s situation and its political economy implications are needed. The victory in Colombia was due to numerous factors, including the support from some rural elites who have historically obstructed the enforcement of redistributive land policies. However, the populist aspirations of the right-wing government have been persistently frustrated not only by social unrest and political mobilization but also because of the enforcement of institutions previously incorporated into the country’s political scenario. Specifically, in terms of agrarian political economy, two sets of human rights-oriented institutional changes are relevant regarding this matter: (a) the Land Restitution Law enacted in 2011 and (b) the Comprehensive Rural Reform contained in the Agrarian Chapter of the Peace Agreement between the national government and the FARC-EP in 2016. The purpose of this paper is to ground the ongoing theoretical and political debate about the rise of different forms of populism and right-wing authoritarianism in the current Colombian political context, and its implications on the countryside. The analytical contribution of this paper is twofold: On the one hand, I propose an alternative for explaining the nature of the current political regime in Colombia as right-wing authoritarianism; on the other hand, I analyze some features of such regimes in terms of its disputes with the enforcement of human rights-oriented institutions, that are in force as the result of political processes triggered by peasants’ mobilization.
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Hlady Rispal, Martine, and Vinciane Servantie. "Business models impacting social change in violent and poverty-stricken neighbourhoods: A case study in Colombia." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 35, no. 4 (January 27, 2016): 427–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242615622674.
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The business model (BM) – a representation of a venture’s core logic for creating value – is an emergent construct of interest in social entrepreneurship research. While the BM concept is normally associated with financial objectives, socio-entrepreneurial BMs are uniquely identifiable by their social value propositions, by their intended target markets and by the projected social change. Drawing from a longitudinal case study of a Colombian foundation, we outline the characteristics of socio-entrepreneurial BMs. We analyse the entrepreneurial process behind the implementation of a BM that draws on communitarian innovative solutions that benefit the excluded and, ultimately, society at large. Focusing on the question of how socio-entrepreneurial BMs progressively evolve to produce social change, we examine the BM of a successful socio-entrepreneurial venture that exhibits the conditions of social change. Our findings show that the social value proposition, the entrepreneur’s passion for social change and a community-based network are decisive factors.
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Arias, Fabio. "Análisis econométrico del riesgo de extinción de las especies de fauna en Colombia: reptiles y peces dulceacuícolas." Lecturas de Economía, no. 61 (November 3, 2009): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n61a2727.
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El riesgo de extinción de una especie se estima por la evaluación del estado de deterioro de la población. Una especie silvestre y no extinta puede ser evaluada y clasificada como: en peligro crítico, en peligro, vulnerable, cuasiamenazada o de preocupación menor. En Colombia se ha realizado esta clasificación para algunos grupos de fauna y flora. En este trabajo se utiliza la información de la serie Libros rojos de especies amenazadas de Colombia (reptiles y peces dulceacuícolas) para calcular el cambio en la probabilidad del riesgo de extinción ante variaciones de variable económicas que describen algún tipo de presión por explotación directa del recurso o modificación del hábitat. La herramienta cuantitativa para el análisis de la información es un modelo de variable dependiente discreta ordenada. Palabras clave: recursos naturales renovables, extinción de las especies, modelo multinomial ordenado. Clasificación JEL: Q29 Abstract: A species' risk of extinction is estimated by the deterioration state of the population. A wild and non extinct species could be evaluated and ranked as follows: Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, Near Threatened, Of Minor Concern. This ranking has been applied in Colombia for some groups of fauna and flora. Information of the Red Books Series of Threatened Species of Colombia —Libros rojos de species amenazadas de Colombia— (reptiles, fresh water fish), is used in this paper for estimating the probability change of extintion risk upon changes in economic variables which show some kind of pressure for direct exploitation of habitat change. The quantitative tool for information analysis is a model of ordered discrete dependent variable. Key Words: renewable natural resources, extinction of the species, ordered multinomial model. JEL: Q29 Résumé: Le risque d'extinction d'une espèce est estimé par l'état de détérioration de la population. Une espèce sauvage et non éteinte pourrait être évaluée et rangée comme suit : En Mis en danger critique, Mis en danger, Vulnérable, Près De Menacé, Moindre Souci. Ce rang a été appliqué en Colombie pour quelques groupes de faune et de flore. L'information de la Série Le Livre Rouge de les Espèces Menacés de la Colombie —Libros rojos de especies amenazadas de Colombia— (reptiles, poissons d'eau douce) , est employée en cet article pour estimer le changement de probabilité du risque d'extintion face aux changements des variables économiques qui montrent un certain pression pour l'exploitation directe du changement d'habitat. L'outil cuantitative pour l'analyse de l'information est un modèle de variable dépendente discrète. Mots clés: ressources naturelles renouvelable, extinction des espèces, ont modèle commandé multinomiale.
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Tavera Franco, Andrés. "Campesinos del Nudo del Paramillo." Regions and Cohesion 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 88–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2019.090205.
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*Full Article is in SpanishEnglish abstract: This article examines collective actions led by peasant communities in the Paramillo Massif in Colombia. It juxtaposes these locally defined development proposals focused on maintaining the balance between society and the environment with dominant neoliberal development models implemented by the Colombian State that promote developmentalism and seemingly exacerbate armed conflict in the country. The article frames this analysis within the context of political ecology, with the purpose of questioning the ideological bases for large-scale development that negatively impacts local communities both socially and environmentally.Spanish abstract:Este artículo examina acciones colectivas lideradas por comunidades campesinas en el Nudo del Paramillo, Colombia. El autor yuxtapone estas propuestas de desarrollo definidas localmente centradas en mantener el equilibrio entre la sociedad y el medio ambiente, con modelos dominantes de desarrollo neoliberal implementados por el Estado colombiano que promueven el desarrollismo y aparentemente exacerban los conflictos armados en el país. El artículo enmarca este análisis dentro del contexto de la ecología política, con el propósito de cuestionar las bases ideológicas para el desarrollo a gran escala que impacta negativamente a las comunidades locales tanto social como ambientalmente.French abstract:Cet article examine les actions collectives menées par des communautés paysannes du Nudo del Paramillo, en Colombie. Il juxtapose les propositions de développement définies à l’échelle locale et centrées sur le maintien d’un équilibre entre la société et l’environnement avec les modèles de développement néolibéral mis en oeuvre par l’État colombien qui promeuvent le développementalisme et exacerbent apparemment le conflit armé dans le pays. L’article formule cette analyse dans le contexte de l’écologie politique, dans le but de questionner les bases idéologiques d’un développement à grande échelle qui a des impacts négatifs sur les communautés aussi bien sur le plan social qu’environnemental.
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Cortés, Diego Mauricio. "Evangelical indigenous radio stations in Colombia: Between the promotion of social change and religious indoctrination." Global Media and Communication 16, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766520951973.
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This article refutes dominant views that define evangelical indigenous media as intrinsic tools for religious indoctrination. The case of the Colombian Misak community shows that evangelical radio stations can contribute to community building. However, the degree of the positive or negative contribution of evangelical media depends on the dominance of evangelical presence at indigenous localities. The rapid expansion of indigenized evangelical groups via the provision of social services has radicalized Evangelicals against views different from their own. As a result, these evangelical media are progressively leaving their role as promoters of positive social change to become tools for religious indoctrination.
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Cuesta, Laura, Vanessa Ríos-Salas, and Daniel R. Meyer. "The Impact of Family Change on Income Poverty in Colombia and Peru." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 48, no. 1 (March 2017): 67–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.48.1.67.
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Betin, Jesús David Salas. "Social Conflict and Collective Behavior: Analysis of 9-S Protests in Bogotá, Colombia." Protest 2, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667372x-02010004.
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Abstract On September 9, 2020, members of the Colombian national police killed Javier Ordóñez, a young lawyer from Bogotá. This event generated public outrage, sparking a wave of protests that lasted six days and left at least 12 people dead and 435 injured, among them civilians and police officers. This essay analyzes the dynamics of these protests to understand whether the collective action of citizens should be attributed to a structured process of conflict that aspires to social change or, on the contrary, to a particular form of frustration-aggression where factors indirectly affecting collective individualities—beliefs, customs, world views, rights, and obligations—prevailed.
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BERMEO, Dana Milena Chávarro, and Wellington D. PINHEIRO. "Ações coletivas e suas configurações antiutilitaristas: O caso colombiano da Marcha Patriótica." INTERRITÓRIOS 5, no. 8 (June 22, 2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.33052/inter.v5i8.241598.
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O artigo discute a configuração solidária de prática social encontrada no Movimento político e social Marcha Patriótica (MARCHA)[1]. Sendo a Marcha um dos movimentos que obteve maior protagonismo no processo de negociação entre o governo Santos e as guerrilhas das FARC-EP ela nos possibilitou identificar a construção do projeto político colombiano de reivindicar a paz como um bem comum daquela nação. Neste sentido, mobilizamos a teoria da dádiva a fim de compreender como os conceitos de gratuidade e de obrigação do agir encontrados nas ações estratégicas do movimento metamorfoseou a ideia da paz entendendo-a como um bem de justiça social. Para tal fim analisamos o fenómeno da Ruana com intuito de demonstrar como a gênese do movimento e o projeto de articulação política caracterizaram a dimensão antiutilitarista e solidária desta ação coletiva.Ações coletivas. Anti-utilitarismo. Solidariedade moderna Collective actions and its anti-utilitarian configurations: The Colombian case of Marcha Patriótica ABSTRACTThe social base of the movement “Movimiento Social y Político Marcha Patriótica” (MARCHA) has a key role in the social practice. MARCHA has one of the most important roles in the Colombia peace process; this is between the Santos Government and the guerrilla (FARC-EP). This MARCHA movement allows to understand Peace, like a common wealth of the nation, in the current political project in Colombia. The way of recognize this common wealth is mainly with Dadiva theory. This theory appreciate how the combination of the two concepts, duty and free, transform the idea of Peace. The feature of the change is the Ruana (Typical Colombian cloth) symbol, that probes how the beginning of the movement and the political articulation summarize the anti-utilitarian and social dimension of this collective action. Collective action. Anti-utilitarianism. Modern solidarity[1] Esta discussão faz parte da nossa tese em andamento intitulada: Novas possibilidades de Interpretação das Mobilizações Sociais na América Latina: Comparando Brasil e Colômbia
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BONILLA, LUZ, and LINA GUZMAN. "EL TRABAJO SOCIAL EN LAS BRIGADAS JURÍDICAS DE LA CORPORACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA REPUBLICANA." Pensamiento Republicano 8 (January 31, 2018): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21017/pen.repub.2018.n8.a32.
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rom the legal office of the Republican University Corporation, legal brigades are being carried out in different localities of Bogotá, where the approach to the communities has shown the need for interdisciplinarity with Social Work and the essential for the formation of citizens who think about collective projects and the construction of more equitable societies for all. In this space law students who belong to the Disability Convention of the legal office, provide legal advice in different locations discovering realities that need a transformation and that even belong to the reality of the adviser’s own environment, giving a new experience that takes them to think of a «want to change and help», forming more reflective, sensitive, understandable subjects that are aware of the differences between all people (in our case, people with disabilities, PcD). All this leads to the emergence of new questions and proposals to help, change or apply from their law career, where they are: laws, decrees, public policies and mainly the application of the «United Nations Con- vention on the Rights of people with disabilities «(2006) which was ratified by Colombia; it is struggling against pre-established models and common ways of seeing discouragement, which gave way to the social and legal limitations of PWD. In several nations in its historical line,models were used that allowed the exclusion, violation or limitation of the exercise of the right and the effective participation of PWD in conditions of equality with other members of society. Colombia has created public policies for PcD where its dignity and quality of human beings are recognized, historically it is based on the struggle that had been posed since the seventies in Europe and the United States to stop being considered second class citizens, disabled people, sick or mutilated. These campaigns and protests were aimed at allowing PWDs to form inclusive societies that accept the difference, respecting the human dignity of all people regardless of the «disability» they may have.
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Power, Séamus A., and Gabriel Velez. "The MOVE Framework: Meanings, Observations, Viewpoints, and Experiences in processes of Social Change." Review of General Psychology 24, no. 4 (May 10, 2020): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089268020915841.
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Social psychologists are often criticized for failing to capture the dynamic nature of psychological processes. We present a novel framework to address this problem. The MOVE framework contends that to comprehend complex, contradictory, and divergent patterns of thought, affect, and behavior within changing, real-world contexts, it is necessary to undertake ecologically valid research that is attentive to the lived experiences and meaning-making processes of culturally embedded individuals over time. A focus on meanings, observations, viewpoints, and experiences is essential for social psychological research that holistically captures how people construct, understand, respond, position, and act over time within changing social, economic, and political contexts. To illustrate the utility of our proposition, we draw on classic social psychological studies and multimethod fieldwork during a period of rapid social and political change in Colombia during the peace process (2012–2017). We argue the MOVE framework has the potential to advance psychological understandings of, and contributions to, individuals embedded in real, dynamic social and political contexts. We discuss the implications of this extended social psychological paradigm for advancing psychological science.
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Porch, Douglas. "Revolutionary Social Change in Colombia. The Origin and Direction of the FARC-EP - by Brittain, James J." Bulletin of Latin American Research 30, no. 4 (September 2, 2011): 515–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2011.00567.x.
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Mosquera, M., Y. Zapata, K. Lee, C. Arango, and A. Varela. "Strengthening user participation through health sector reform in Colombia: a study of institutional change and social representation." Health Policy and Planning 16, suppl_2 (December 2001): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/16.suppl_2.52.
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González-Vélez, Abel E., Claudia Carolina Colmenares Mejía, Eduardo Low Padilla, Sandra Yadira Moreno Marín, Paola Andrea Rengifo Bobadilla, Juan Pablo Rueda Sánchez, and Mario Arturo Isaza Ruget. "Ambulatory care sensitive conditions hospitalization for emergencies rates in Colombia." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (May 15, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000563.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the emergency hospitalizations trend for ambulatory care sensitive conditions between 2011 and 2015 in a health insureance company of the Colombian Social Security General System. METHODS: A log-linear analysis based on age-adjusted hospitalization rates for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in the Entidad Promotora de Salud Sanitas was used to estimate the annual percentage change in these rates and to identify joinponts of the rates. Data was collected from administrative sources. RESULTS: There were 38,530 hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in 26,501 Entidad Promotora de Salud Sanitas enrollees, with a significant decrease in hospitalization rates. The annual percentage change estimated for the period was -9.5% with no significant joinpoints throughout the time interval. CONCLUSIONS: A significant reduction in hospital admissions due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions in Entidad Promotora de Salud Sanitas enrollees were reported for the last five years in this study.
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Muñiz Martínez, Norberto. "Re-branding Colombia through Urban Transformation and Rural Regional Marketing." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 24, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1641-4233.24.06.
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Colombia is now projecting a new, positive image to the world after overcoming a past characterised by politically inspired guerrilla warfare and violent conflict with narco-trafficking cartels which had ravaged the country for decades. Even before the country’s transformation, other intermediate place institutions – cities and regions – had already taken significant steps towards territorial change and marketing. This paper outlines the processes involved in urban and social transformation in the city of Medellín and in the marketing of the coffee region, as illustrative cases of city re-branding and regional branding, respectively.
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Méndez Paz, Fabián, Laura A. Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar, and Alvaro Javier Idrovo. "Fracking and glyphosate amid COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia." Revista de Salud Pública 23, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v23n1.96204.
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Despite the congratulations that Colombia received from the Pan American Health Organization for its good management during the first months of pandemic (1), supposedly for using scientific evidence for decision-making, the start of the fracking pilots (unconventional hydraulic fracturing procedure) and return to use glyphosate against illicit crops leaves glimpse inconsistencies in decision-making in public health by the Colombian government. The pandemic taught that environmental protection is essential to avoid the emergence of future epidemics (2). However, it is precisely in the midst of the pandemic that the Colombian government makes decisions without listening to science, ignoring the precautionary principle even against the national constitution.
As of the end of March 2021, two unconventional reservoir fracking pilot projects had been approved for development without a rigorous assessment of the potentially associated adverse health effects (3). These will be carried out in the department of Santander, the most seismically active department in Colombia (4). On the other hand, the government is making the return of glyphosate a reality, as previously mentioned (5). The Decree 380 (April 12, 2021) regulates spraying with glyphosate, leaving only the National Narcotics Council to endorse the decision. This Decree was even signed by the current Minister of Health, Fernando Ruiz, who was Vice Minister of Health in 2015 and publicly endorsed then to ban the use of glyphosate because of its potential carcinogenic effects, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This change in the government´s decision is not explained on scientific grounds, as the evidence supporting the adverse effects of glyphosate on health remains even more conclusive now (6).
These two political decisions are added to others that aggravate the armed internal conflict in Colombia, precisely when next year there will be presidential elections. Anti-science in environmental health increases its power in Colombia, following the trend of Latin American countries with denialist governments such as Brazil. The territories and populations directly affected by these decisions are the most socioeconomically disadvantaged in the country. Perhaps for this reason it is not surprising that the Colombian scientific evidence shows that the policies implemented in the management of the pandemic have not succeeded in reducing social inequalities (7), but have probably widened them, and that public health surveillance has been limited, with achievements only in some regions (8).
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Sierra-Barón, Willian, Oscar Navarro, Diana Katherine Amézquita Naranjo, Eylyn Daniela Teres Sierra, and Carol Marcela Narváez González. "Beliefs about Climate Change and Their Relationship with Environmental Beliefs and Sustainable Behavior: A View from Rural Communities." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 5326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095326.
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The study of beliefs and environmental behavior is of special interest, given the implications of climate change as a social phenomenon and the disagreements about what is socially believed about this phenomenon. This research was aimed at determining the associations between environmental beliefs and sustainable behavior in a group of inhabitants of southern Colombia. The methodology was exploratory and cross-sectional, with descriptive and correlational analyses. The sample was made up of 368 people from two regions in southern Colombia (57.5% female and 42.5% male); their ages ranged between 18 and 69 years (X = 19.36; SD = 8.59). Information was collected with questionnaires that measured climate change risk perception, environmental beliefs, and sustainable behavior. The results show higher scores for equitable behavior and environmental beliefs. Environmental beliefs—egobiocentrism—and risk perception of climate change predict both sustainable and pro-ecological behavior, as well as altruistic, frugal, and equitable behavior. It is concluded that the presence of environmental beliefs, along with information regarding a sense of environmental deterioration, climate change and the consequences for the future, can predict the implementation of actions for sustainable development.
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Lansford, Jennifer, Susannah Zietz, Suha Al-Hassan, Dario Bacchini, Marc Bornstein, Lei Chang, Kirby Deater-Deckard, et al. "Culture and Social Change in Mothers’ and Fathers’ Individualism, Collectivism and Parenting Attitudes." Social Sciences 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10120459.
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Cultures and families are not static over time but evolve in response to social transformations, such as changing gender roles, urbanization, globalization, and technology uptake. Historically, individualism and collectivism have been widely used heuristics guiding cross-cultural comparisons, yet these orientations may evolve over time, and individuals within cultures and cultures themselves can have both individualist and collectivist orientations. Historical shifts in parents’ attitudes also have occurred within families in several cultures. As a way of understanding mothers’ and fathers’ individualism, collectivism, and parenting attitudes at this point in history, we examined parents in nine countries that varied widely in country-level individualism rankings. Data included mothers’ and fathers’ reports (N = 1338 families) at three time points in China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States. More variance was accounted for by within-culture than between-culture factors for parents’ individualism, collectivism, progressive parenting attitudes, and authoritarian parenting attitudes, which were predicted by a range of sociodemographic factors that were largely similar for mothers and fathers and across cultural groups. Social changes from the 20th to the 21st century may have contributed to some of the similarities between mothers and fathers and across the nine countries.
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Jiménez, Dora Elena, and Hernando Rendón. "El pass through de la tasa de cambio a los precios del consumidor de bienes transables: una aproximación al caso colombiano." Lecturas de Economía, no. 70 (September 11, 2009): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n70a2256.
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Este trabajo estima el efecto transmisión de la tasa de cambio a los precios del consumidor de bienes transables en Colombia para el periodo 1994-2007. El análisis econométrico encuentra cointegración entre los precios de los transables, la tasa de cambio nominal, los precios externos y el ratio de la cuenta comercial respecto al producto. Se encuentra la presencia de un efecto transmisión incompleto de la tasa de cambio, tanto en el largo como en el corto plazo. Palabras claves: efecto transmisión, precio de bienes transables, tasa de cambio, inflación. Clasificación JEL: E31, F00, F10. Abstract: This paper estimates the exchange rate pass through to the consumer prices of tradable goods in Colombia during the period 1994-2007. The econometric analysis shows evidence of cointegration among the prices of tradable goods, nominal exchange rate, international prices and the trade account-output ratio. We find an incomplete transmission effect of the exchange rate both in the long and in the short run. Keywords: Pass through effect, prices of tradable goods, exchange rate, inflation. Classification: JEL E31, F00, F10. Résumé: Cet article fait l´estimation de l´effet de transmission du taux de change sur les prix à la consommation de biens échangeables en Colombie pendant la période 1994-2007. Nous montrons que sur le période considérée il existe cointégration entre les prix de biens échangeables, le taux de change nominal, les prix externes et le ratio balance commerciale-produit. Les résultats montrent un effet de transmission incomplet du taux de change aussi bien à courte terme que sur le long terme. Most clé: effet de transmission, prix des biens échangeables, taux de change, inflation. Classification JEL: E31, F00, F10
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Castro-Nunez, Augusto. "Responding to Climate Change in Tropical Countries Emerging from Armed Conflicts: Harnessing Climate Finance, Peacebuilding, and Sustainable Food." Forests 9, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9100621.
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Linking climate action with sustainable development goals (SDGs) might incentivize social and political support to forest conservation. However, further examination of the conceptual entry points for linking efforts for reducing forest-based emissions with those for delivering SDGs is required. This review paper aims to contribute to fulfilling this research need. It provides insights into the links between conserving forests for climate change mitigation and peacebuilding. Specifically, the paper examines opportunities to harness climate finance for conserving forests and achieving long-lasting peace and sustainable food. It does so via a literature review and the examination of the Orinoquia region of Colombia. The findings from the literature review suggest that harnessing climate finance for conserving forests and peacebuilding is, in theory, viable if the activities are designed in accordance with social, institutional, and economic factors. Meanwhile, the Orinoquia region provides evidence that these two seemingly intractable problems are proposed to be solved together. At a time when efforts for reducing forest-based emissions are being designed and targeted at (post-) conflict areas in Colombia and elsewhere, the paper’s findings might demonstrate the compatibility of programs aimed at reducing forest-based emissions with efforts relating to peacebuilding and sustainable food to both environmental and non-environmental government agencies.
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Barrios-Rubio, Andrés. "The Colombian Media Industry on the Digital Social Consumption Agenda in Times of COVID-19." Information 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13010011.
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The pandemic and lockdown forced the media and its agents to transform and think differently. The situation brought with it the reinvention of productive routines and revitalized the information consumption agenda of audiences immersed in screen devices. The operational change of the Colombian media industry, at a time of conjuncture, is approached by this research from a mixed, quantitative and qualitative methodology, with the aim of evaluating the response of the national news company to citizens’ news expectations during lockdown. The case study outlines a digital characterization of the public’s relationship with the media and communication. The corpus of analysis is made up of the actions of the main news agencies in Colombia—press (2), radio (5), television (2)—and their actions on social media—Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube—in the period between 1 January and 31 May 2020. The result of this study denotes a mediamorphosis of analogue media that revitalizes and integrates them into a 360° consumption chain, focusing on content that gives way to a creative culture that adapts to the demands of the market and imposes a see now, share now strategy to expand its market penetration.
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Altimir, Oscar. "Economic Development and Social Equity: A Latin American Perspective." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 38, no. 2-3 (1996): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166360.
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Although the different phases of each country's development are far from being synchronous, in general Latin America's growth in the postwar period began to change pace and pattern around the mid- 1960s, then again following the oil crisis of 1973, which ushered in a slowdown of the world economy, only to plunge into crisis anew early in the 1980s.As discussed in Altimir (1994a), during the 1950s and 1960s, growth — i.e., at substantial rates, greater than 2%per capita — was either unequal (as in Brazil or Chile in the 1960s) or else involved an increase in inequality in the 1950s that was followed by a phase of inequality that remained essentially unchanged throughout the 1960s (as in Argentina, Colombia or Mexico).
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Usubillaga, Juan. "Change by Activism: Insurgency, Autonomy, and Political Activism in Potosí-Jerusalén, Bogotá, Colombia." Urban Planning 7, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i1.4431.
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Cities today face a context in which traditional politics and policies struggle to cope with increasing urbanisation rates and growing inequalities. Meanwhile, social movements and political activists are rising up and inhabiting urban spaces as sites of contestation. However, through their practices, urban activists do more than just occupy spaces; they are fundamental drivers of urban transformation as they constantly face—and contest—spatial manifestations of power. This article aims to contribute to ongoing discussions on the role of activism in the field of urban design, by engaging with two concepts coming from the Global South: <em>insurgency</em> and <em>autonomy</em>. Through a historical account of the building of the Potosí-Jerusalén neighbourhood in Bogotá in the 1980s, it illustrates how both concepts can provide new insight into urban change by activism. On the one hand, the concept of insurgency helps unpack a mode of bottom-up action that inaugurates political spaces of contestation with the state; autonomy, on the other hand, helps reveal the complex nature of political action and the visions of urban transformation it entails. Although they were developed at the margins of conventional design theory and practice, both concepts are instrumental in advancing our understanding of how cities are shaped by activist practices. Thus, this article is part of a broader effort to (re)locate political activism in discussions about urban transformation, and rethink activism as a form of urban design practice.
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Richani, Nazih. "The Political Economy of Violence: The War-System in Colombia." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 39, no. 2 (1997): 37–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166511.
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Violence, in its criminal and political aspects, largely reflects the contradictory impulses set in motion by modernization and serves as an expression of the various dislocations — social, economic, psychological and cultural — which accompany that process. Violence increases when the prevailing institutions fail to mediate among the various antagonistic forces unleashed by socio-economic and political change. Colombia represents a country where violence has risen overwhelmingly in recent years, reaching extremes of both extent and duration. A phenomenon well worth scholarly attention, the subject of violence has given rise to an impressive body of literature concerned with exploring its many aspects: its causes, trajectory, and variety of manifestations (see Sánchez, 1991).
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Fandiño-Parra, Yamith José. "Decolonizing English Language Teaching in Colombia: Epistemological Perspectives and Discursive Alternatives." Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal 23, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/22487085.17087.
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In times of geocultural subalternization of knowledge and education, English language teaching (ELT) is torn between subalternizing policies and subjectivating practices. Within this context, ELT teacher educators face policies and discourses aimed at framing their teaching practices, professional lives, and research agendas. However, at the same time, they are expected to engage in practices and processes that allow for personal adaptation and social change. Amid this ambivalence, this reflection paper makes a call to decolonize ELT in Colombia. To this effect, this paper reviews some basic epistemological perspectives such as colonialism and decolonial studies. Then, it proposes the decolonization of ELT, along with a grammar of decoloniality based on discursive alternatives about power, knowledge, and being with the potential of bringing about a transformative teacher subjectivation. The main conclusion is that the Colombian ELT community needs to first deconstruct dominant structures and strategies that enact epistemic and cultural dominance of the global north, and then construct alternative discourses and practices that acknowledge and disseminate the singularities of its knowledge and culture.
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Sierra Piedrahita, Ana Maria. "Contributions of a Social Justice Language Teacher Education Perspective to Professional Development Programs in Colombia." PROFILE Issues in Teachers' Professional Development 18, no. 1 (January 28, 2016): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/profile.v18n1.47807.
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<p><span>In this article, the author discusses the social justice language teacher education perspective and how it can help language teachers to develop a political view of their work and effect change inside and outside their particular school contexts. To do this, she briefly analyzes various professional development programs for teachers of English in public schools in one city in Colombia to determine how these have or have not contributed to the development of a political perspective in teachers. Finally, she discusses what the implementation of such perspective requires, provides some examples to illustrate how it may look in practice, and discusses some implications for different stakeholders.</span></p>
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Acevedo, Erika Cristina, Sandra Turbay, Margot Hurlbert, Martha Helena Barco, and Kelly Johanna Lopez. "Governance and climate variability in Chinchiná River, Colombia." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 8, no. 5 (November 21, 2016): 632–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-04-2015-0038.
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Purpose This paper aims to assess whether governance processes that are taking place in the Chinchiná River basin, a coffee culture region in the Andean region of Colombia, are adaptive to climate variability and climate extremes. Design/methodology/approach A mixed research method was used by reviewing secondary research sources surrounding the institutional governance system of water governance and disaster response and semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with producers and members of organizations within the institutional governance system. Findings This study found that there is a low response to extreme events. Hopefully, the growing national awareness and activity in relation to climate change and disaster will improve response and be downscaled into these communities in the future. Although, some learning has occurred at the national government level and by agricultural producers who are adapting practices, to date no government institution has facilitated social learning taking into account conflict, power and tactics of domination. Originality/value This paper improves the understanding of the vulnerability of rural agricultural communities to shifts in climate variability. It also points out the importance of governance institutions in enhancing agricultural producer adaptive capacity.
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Ruiz, Mabell, and Fabian Diaz. "Life Cycle Sustainability Evaluation of Potential Bioenergy Development for Landfills in Colombia." Environmental and Climate Technologies 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 454–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0035.
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Abstract The Colombian energy matrix faces significant changes toward meeting its energy needs while fulfilling its pledges in the Intended National Determined Contributions linked to the Paris Agreement. The country has developed a plan for energy transition with a 2050 horizon, a strategy reflected and supported by new legislative packages. Within its design, biomass and biomass waste play a vital role in bioenergy production; however, the benefits of deploying new bioenergy production facilities have not been fully accounted for, including only an economic and climate change perspective. In this work, a Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of a potential bioenergy plant for industrial symbiosis with the largest landfill in the country is undertaken, avoiding environmental burden shifting between environmental damage categories and exposing the social potential of such projects. The results show how these types of projects are economically feasible and have the potential to boost the sustainable development of local communities, which under the Colombian context, have been structurally relegated from conventional economic growth for decades.
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Guzmán Rincón, Alfredo, Ruby Lorena Carrillo Barbosa, Ester Martín-Caro Álamo, and Belén Rodríguez-Cánovas. "Sustainable Consumption Behaviour in Colombia: An Exploratory Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020802.
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Sustainable consumption has positioned itself as an alternative for economic growth and social development because of its ability to deal with the future scarcity of natural resources and the prevention and mitigation of climate change, among other things. In this sense, the role of the consumer is preponderant, due to the fact their consumption behaviour has a direct effect on the environment; hence the importance of analysing their habits from different perspectives and social realities. Accordingly, the aim of this work is to explore the low-impact sustainable consumption behaviour in Colombia and the convergence and divergence of this type of consumer behaviour in the country. To achieve this, an exploratory, quantitative, and transversal methodology was used. The latter was based on a sample of 393 consumers to whom a self-report scale was applied in order to evaluate behaviours linked to quality of life, care for the environment, and resources for future generations. With the data collected, the following step to follow was to identify how consumers are grouped (hierarchical cluster analysis), what the differences are (single-factor ANOVA), the behaviours (descriptive statistics), as well as the relationship among them (Pearson correlation statistics). Results show that there are two consumer profiles with different levels of awareness of sustainable consumption behaviour. The principal outcome of the study was that Colombian consumers have embraced the behaviour of quality of life and resources for future generations; however, those consumers related to environmental care have been less involved, especially due to the influence of economic variables as such the cost of products and speculation in the prices of environmentally friendly products.
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Barbosa, Vasco, and Mónica Marcela Suárez Pradilla. "Identifying the Social Urban Spatial Structure of Vulnerability: Towards Climate Change Equity in Bogotá." Urban Planning 6, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i4.4630.
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The constant modification of land use, economic instability, environmental factors, and social behaviour changes among the inhabitants of big cities characterize current urbanism. In Colombia, land-use planning processes supported by geographical information systems are a recent phenomenon and the legal instruments of spatial planning are inadequate in most municipalities. Moreover, socio-spatial equity represents a challenge for Latin American cities in which there is increasing awareness of the role that spatial planning plays. Consequently, the question arises as to how the urban spatial structure and organization contribute to an inclusive and equitable socio-spatial evolution, considering climate change impacts. The case study analysed in this article focuses upon the northern limits of the city of Bogotá. Therefore, this research aims to define the ideal balance of urban land-use distribution between social stratum classification and the vulnerability of the communities seeking to better adapt to climate change. We propose a methodological approach of analysing spatial syntax and the (social) intensity of activities and infrastructure, which enables us to characterize the urban structure itself and identify vulnerable urban instances. As a result, we find that the urban network with low values presents spatial unpredictability in its pattern, constraining equitable development based on the urban morphology of the city. This research allows us to conclude that the degree of vulnerability encountered by the social urban spatial structure is higher in expansion areas than in central areas of the city.
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Ladrón de Guevara Vásquez, Cielo Isabel. "Realidad política y económica de Colombia en los años 90 y su incidencia en el cambio y reforma educativa actual Political and economic reality of Colombia in the 90s and its impact on current educational change and reform." Hexágono Pedagógico 6, no. 1 (November 23, 2015): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.22519/2145888x.541.
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Con este ensayo se pretende mostrar cómo el contexto y el desarrollo político y económico de una nación, incide en los procesos educativos, sociales y culturales de la población, caso particular: Colombia en los años 90 hasta el momento actual. Este ensayo está dividido en dos categorías de análisis. En la primera de ellas, se abordará el contexto histórico de Colombia desde los años 90 hasta la fecha actual. Y, en segundo lugar se abordará el tema del cambio e innovación educativa vista desde la concepción de los docentes. Para finalizar se presentan las conclusiones principales de los análisis realizados.Abstract.This test is intended to show how the context and the political and economic development of a nation affects educational, social and cultural processes of the population, a particular case "Colombia in the 90s until the present time." This assay is divided into two categories of analysis. In the first, the historical context of Colombia will be addressed from the 90s to the current date. And secondly the theme of change and educational innovation seen from the conception of teachers will be addressed. Finally the main conclusions of the analyzes are presented.
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Lizarralde, Gonzalo, Holmes Páez, Adriana Lopez, Oswaldo Lopez, Lisa Bornstein, Kevin Gould, Benjamin Herazo, and Lissette Muñoz. "We said, they said: the politics of conceptual frameworks in disasters and climate change in Colombia and Latin America." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, no. 6 (July 21, 2020): 909–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-01-2020-0011.
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PurposeFew people living in informal settlements in the Global South spontaneously claim that they are “resilient” or “adapting” to disaster risk or climate change. Surely, they often overcome multiple challenges, including natural hazards exacerbated by climate change. Yet their actions are increasingly examined through the framework of resilience, a notion developed in the North, and increasingly adopted in the South. To what extent eliminate’ do these initiatives correspond to the concepts that scholars and authorities place under the resilience framework?Design/methodology/approachThree longitudinal case studies in Yumbo, Salgar and San Andrés (Colombia) serve to investigate narratives of disaster risks and responses to them. Methods include narrative analysis from policy and project documents, presentations, five workshops, six focus groups and 24 interviews.FindingsThe discourse adopted by most international scholars and local authorities differs greatly from that used by citizens to explain risk and masks the politics involved in disaster reduction and the search for social justice. Besides, narratives of social change, aspirations and social status are increasingly masked in disaster risk explanations. Tensions are also concealed, including those regarding the winners and losers of interventions and the responsibilities for disaster risk reduction.Originality/valueOur findings confirm previous results that have shown that the resilience framework contributes to “depoliticize” the analysis of risk and serves to mask and dilute the responsibility of political and economic elites in disaster risk creation. But they also show that resilience fails to explain the type of socioeconomic change that is required to reduce vulnerabilities in Latin America.
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González, Yanilda. "The Social Origins of Institutional Weakness and Change: Preferences, Power, and Police Reform in Latin America." World Politics 71, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 44–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004388711800014x.
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AbstractDespite historic increases in crime and violence, Latin America’s police forces are characterized by long periods of institutional weakness punctuated by rare, sweeping reforms. To understand these patterns of institutional continuity and change, the author applies the concept of structural power, demonstrating how police leverage their control of coercion to constrain the policy options available to politicians. Within this constrained policy space, politicians choosing between continuity and reform assess societal preferences for police reform and patterns of political competition. Under fragmented societal preferences, irrespective of political competition, reform brings little electoral gain and risks alienating a powerful bureaucracy. Preference fragmentation thus favors the persistence of institutional weakness. When societal preferences converge and a robust political opposition threatens incumbents, politicians face an electoral counterweight to the structural power of police, making reform likely. Using evidence from periods of continuity and reform in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia, the author traces both outcomes to shifts in societal preferences and political opposition. Despite the imperative to address citizens’ demands by building state capacity in security provision, these cases show that police reform is often rendered electorally disadvantageous.
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Olga Lucía Rodríguez Ruiz. "Las Políticas Públicas y su Incidencia en la Optimización de la Educación en Colombia." GACETA DE PEDAGOGÍA, no. 40 (August 20, 2021): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.56219/rgp.vi40.916.
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El presente artículo remite a revisión documental que propone indagar sobre la evolución histórica de la normativa legal vigente de la política pública en Colombia a través de sus reformas educativas, para la comprensión de la naturaleza del sistema educativo y la exploración de las acciones implementadas por el gobierno para el desarrollo de la gestión curricular y docente. A partir de esta exploración se realiza un análisis de la información para abordar una fundamentación teórica viable sobre los hallazgos y condiciones que inciden en la prestación del derecho educativo por parte del Estado y la creación de nuevas políticas públicas. Se defiende la postura que, para mejorar la situación educativa actual del país, es necesario cambiar los acervos y finalidades de las políticas educativas vigentes, con atención en la organización del espacio social de las naciones existentes para garantizar el cumplimiento de los derechos sociales hacia el bienestar común.
ABSTRACT
This article refers to a documentary review that proposes to investigate the historical evolution of the current legal regulations of public policy in Colombia through its educational reforms, for the understanding of the nature of the educational system and the exploration of the actions implemented by the government for the development of curricular and teaching management. From this exploration, an analysis of the information is carried out to address a viable theoretical foundation on the findings and conditions that affect the provision of educational right by the State and the creation of new public policies. The position is defended that, in order to improve the current educational situation of the country, it is necessary to change the assets and purposes of the educational policies in force, with attention to the organization of the social space of the existing nations to guarantee the fulfillment of the social rights towards the common welfare.
Key words: Public educational policies, curricular management, social welfare.
RÉSUMÉ
Cet article fait référence à une revue documentaire qui propose d'étudier l'évolution historique des réglementations juridiques actuelles de la politique publique en Colombie à travers ses réformes éducatives, pour la compréhension de la nature du système éducatif et l'exploration des actions mises en œuvre par le gouvernement pour le développement de la gestion des programmes et de l'enseignement. À partir de cette exploration, une analyse de l'information est effectuée pour aborder une base théorique viable sur les constatations et les conditions qui affectent la fourniture du droit à l'éducation par l'État et la création de nouvelles politiques publiques. La position est défendue que, pour améliorer la situation éducative actuelle du pays, il est nécessaire de changer les atouts et les objectifs des politiques éducatives en vigueur, avec une attention à l'organisation de l'espace social des nations existantes pour garantir la l'accomplissement des droits sociaux au bien-être commun.
Mots clés: Politiques publiques d'éducation, gestion des programmes, protection sociale.
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Acosta Castellanos, Pedro Mauricio, Araceli Queiruga-Dios, Ascensión Hernández Encinas, and Libia Cristina Acosta. "Environmental Education in Environmental Engineering: Analysis of the Situation in Colombia and Latin America." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 7239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187239.
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Environmental education (EE) has become the only tool for environmental sustainability in training processes in Colombia, for basic cycles in primary and secondary, as well as university education. EE tends to transform human actions in nature, based on multidisciplinary knowledge that supports decision-making. Its goal is to generate a change in social behavior in order to achieve the recovery, conservation, and preservation of the environment. In Colombia, education for sustainable development (ESD) is embedded in EE. These educational models (EE and ESD) seek to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), which generally seek the economic and social well-being of nations, both for current and future generations. Environmental engineering is a relatively new degree course in Colombia and Latin America since it appeared in the mid-nineties, and it must involve EE within its curriculum. Students are trained in this trend. This research intends to demonstrate, through a curricular review of the environmental engineering curricula and also surveying students from this degree, the level of inclusion of EE in Latin America. Strengths are identified in the curricula, such as the strong presence of EE in disciplinary subjects and opportunities for improvement based on the needs of the students. The situation in South America is also included in this study.
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Guzmán Rincón, Alfredo, Sandra Barragán, and Favio Cala Vitery. "Rurality and Dropout in Virtual Higher Education Programmes in Colombia." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094953.
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As part of the 2030 Agenda, higher education has been conceptualised as one of the ways to overcome the social disparities experienced in rural areas in Colombia. Thus, in concordance with the benefits of this level of education, the state has been designing public policies during the last few years, in order to facilitate access to undergraduate programmes to these populations, focusing mainly on the implementation of the virtual modality. In this context, it is recognised that access itself is not enough, but that continuance and timely graduation are required to materialise the benefits obtained along with a higher education degree; hence, dropout is a subject of interest for study, especially due to the high rates existing in the rural student population. Therefore, the event of dropout becomes an obstacle to social change and transformation in rural areas. Thus, this article aimed to identify which individual, institutional, academic and socio-economic characteristics influence rural student dropout in virtual undergraduate programmes in Colombia. For this purpose, an exploratory, quantitative and cross-sectional study was proposed, with a sample of 291 students to whom a student characterisation instrument and a classroom evaluation instrument were applied. With these data, it was proceeded to establish which of them had deserted, constituting the extraction of the sample of the study, which were 168. With the information, an exploratory factor analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and descriptive statistics were used to establish which explanatory variables are involved in the dropout of this type of student. The results showed that the academic variables analysed do not have an impact on the event, while marital status (associated with family obligations), age, social stratum, work obligations, parents’ level of education and type of work, income and type of employment relationship of the student, and, finally, the number of people who depend on the family’s income do.
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Ciruela-Lorenzo, Antonio Manuel, Ana González-Sánchez, and Juan José Plaza-Angulo. "An Exploratory Study on Social Entrepreneurship, Empowerment and Peace Process. The Case of Colombian Women Victims of the Armed Conflict." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 13, 2020): 10425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410425.
Full textAbstract:
The Colombian armed conflict is the oldest internal confrontation in the entire American continent and has placed Colombia as one of the countries in the world with the highest volume of internally displaced persons. There are many factors that influence the possibility of suffering violence in this situation, but one of the main factors is undoubtedly gender. In addition, the destruction of the productive fabric and the impoverishment of conflict zones are a difficult reality when it comes to undertaking initiatives. Women not resigning themselves to this state of affairs, by their own initiative, work to go from passive victims to survivors and agents of change. To achieve this, they hold on to social entrepreneurship as a possible vehicle and alternative for empowerment and personal development, the union with other women and the support of their families’ being crucial factors to reach this purpose. In this context, two research questions have been raised, related to the role of social entrepreneurship in women’s development and in building peace. These questions are answered by obtaining empirical data from key informants (seven personal interviews with Colombian women victims of the conflict from different departments who have promoted social entrepreneurship projects). The interviews were conducted from September to November 2019. Thus, one of the main conclusions is that entrepreneurship alone is not enough; State involvement is also necessary if the effects of the work carried out by these women are to reach a greater number of people and be more durable, contributing to economic and social progress and, therefore, to peace processes.
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Tellez, Fabio Andres, and Juan Manuel España. "Biomaterials for change." Base Diseño e Innovación 7, no. 7 (December 30, 2022): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52611/bdi.num7.2022.808.
Full textAbstract:
One of the major environmental challenges of our time is plastic pollution. Motivated by this global environmental challenge, the authors launched a research program to investigate the development and application of natural fiber composites (NFCs) as potential substitutes for foamed plastics (e.g Styrofoam). In parallel, the authors also established a new research group and a capstone course in their industrial design program to engage undergraduate students in this research initiative. Between 2018 and 2021, the authors led a research program intended to explore the use of wastes from corn crops (Zea mays) and fibers from fique plants (Furcraea andina) for developing new NFCs and their applications. Throughout this program, the authors mentored five cohorts of undergraduate students in industrial design, who proposed and conducted their capstone projects in alignment with the program’s research agenda. This program was funded by internal grants and the investment of a private company interested in producing and commercializing some of the applications developed by the researchers. As results of this research initiative supported by undergraduate students, the research team developed a family of six new Natural Fiber Composites and a collection of near a dozen products that applied the new materials. These new products were aimed at the three industries that consume the most foamed plastics, that is, construction, packaging, and automotive. At an experimental level, these new materials have shown beneficial properties for these industries since they are highly resistant to impact, have low thermal conduction, have high acoustic insulation capacity, and have low weight. The preliminary findings from material testing and market validation show great promise for continuing developing and scaling up the production of these new NFCs and their applications with the ultimate goal of making significant contributions to the social, environmental, and economic welfare of rural communities that produce corn and fique in Colombia and other developing countries.
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Wilson, Goya, Maria Teresa Pinto Ocampo, Matthew Brown, and Karen Tucker. "Non-verbal communication, emotions, and tensions in co-production: Reflections on researching memory and social change in Peru and Colombia." Emotion, Space and Society 37 (November 2020): 100717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emospa.2020.100717.
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