Academic literature on the topic 'Social change Australia History'
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Journal articles on the topic "Social change Australia History"
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England, Erica. "Gender: Identity and Social Change." Charleston Advisor 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.21.4.31.
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Gender: Identity and Social Change (hereafter Gender) provides researchers with access to key primary documents over three centuries of gender history through personal diaries, correspondence, newspapers, photographs, ephemera, and organizational records. Thematic highlights include women’s suffrage, feminism, domesticity and the family, sex and sexuality, and the organizations and associations associated with gender-specific movements. This research tool also includes essays by, and interviews with, featured academics, and also visual material, including photographs, posters, and scrapbooks. The materials have been sourced from participating library/archive institutions across the U.S., Canada, Australia, and the U.K.
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Kingston, Beverley, and Nicholas Brown. "Governing Prosperity: Social Change and Social Analysis in Australia in the 1950s." American Historical Review 102, no. 5 (December 1997): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2171208.
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Casiño, Tereso Catiil. "Winds of change in the church in Australia." Review & Expositor 115, no. 2 (May 2018): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034637318761358.
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The history of Christianity in Australia had a humble but rich beginning. Its early foundations were built on the sacrifices and hard work of individuals and groups who, although bound by their oath to expand and promote the Crown, showed concern for people who did not share their religious beliefs and norms. Australia provided the Church with an almost unparalleled opportunity to advance the gospel. By 1901, Christianity emerged as the religion of over 90% of the population. Church growth was sustained by a series of revival occurrences, which coincided with momentous social and political events. Missionary work among the aboriginal Australians accelerated. As the nation became wealthier, however, Christian values began to erode. In the aftermath of World War II, new waves of immigrants arrived. When Australia embraced multiculturalism, society slid into pluralism. New players emerged within Christianity, e.g., the Pentecostals and Charismatics. Technological advancement and consumerism impacted Australian society and the Church. By 2016, 30% of the national population claimed to have “no religion.” The Australian Church today navigates uncharted waters wisely and decisively as the winds of change continue to blow across the dry, barren spiritual regions of the nation.
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Hamamura, Takeshi, and Berlian Gressy Septarini. "Culture and Self-Esteem Over Time." Social Psychological and Personality Science 8, no. 8 (May 5, 2017): 904–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617698205.
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Self-esteem is increasing in the United States according to temporal meta-analyses of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. However, it remains unclear whether this trend reflects broad social ecological shifts toward urban, affluent, and technologically advanced or a unique cultural history. A temporal meta-analysis of self-esteem was conducted in Australia. Australia shares social ecological and cultural similarities with the United States. On the other hand, Australian culture is horizontally individualistic and places a stronger emphasis on self-other equality compared to American culture. For this reason, the strengthening norm of positive self-esteem found in the United States may not be evident in Australia. Consistent with this possibility, the findings indicated that self-esteem among Australian high school students, university students, and community participants did not change between 1978 and 2014.
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Rosenfeld, A., and M. A. Smith. "Rock-Art and the History of Puritjarra Rock Shelter, Cleland Hills, Central Australia." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 68 (2002): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001468.
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Elaborate, religiously sanctioned relationships between people and place are one of the most distinctive features of Aboriginal Australia. In the Australian desert, rock paintings and engravings provide a tangible link to the totemic geography and allow us to examine both changes in the role of individual places and also the development of this system of relationships to land. In this paper we use rock-art to examine the changing history of Puritjarra rock shelter in western central Australia. The production of pigment art and engravings at the shelter appears to have begun by c. 13,000 BP and indicates a growing concern by people with using graphic art to record their relationship with the site. Over the last millennium changes in the surviving frieze of paintings at Puritjarra record fundamental changes in graphic vocabulary, style, and composition of the paintings. These coincide with other evidence for changes in the geographic linkages of the site. As Puritjarra's place in the social geography changed, the motifs appropriate for the site also changed. The history of this rock shelter shows that detailed site histories will be required if we are to disentangle the development of central Australian graphic systems from the temporal and spatial variability inherent in the expression of these systems.
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Pardy, John. "Remembering and forgetting the arts of technical education." History of Education Review 49, no. 2 (November 12, 2020): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-02-2020-0009.
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PurposeTechnical education in the twentieth century played an important role in the cultural life of Australia in ways are that routinely overlooked or forgotten. As all education is central to the cultural life of any nation this article traces the relationship between technical education and the national social imaginary. Specifically, the article focuses on the connection between art and technical education and does so by considering changing cultural representations of Australia.Design/methodology/approachDrawing upon materials, that include school archives, an unpublished autobiography monograph, art catalogues and documentary film, the article details the lives and works of two artists, from different eras of twentieth century Australia. Utilising social memory as theorised by Connerton (1989, 2009, 2011), the article reflects on the lives of two Australian artists as examples of, and a way into appreciating, the enduring relationship between technical education and art.FindingsThe two artists, William Wallace Anderson and Carol Jerrems both products of, and teachers in, technical schools produced their own art that offered different insights into changes in Australia's national imaginary. By exploring their lives and work, the connections between technical education and art represent a social memory made material in the works of the artists and their representations of Australia's changing national imaginary.Originality/valueThis article features two artist teachers from technical schools as examples of the centrality of art to technical education. Through the teacher-artists lives and works the article highlights a shift in the Australian cultural imaginary at the same time as remembering the centrality of art to technical education. Through the twentieth century the relationship between art and technical education persisted, revealing the sensibilities of the times.
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Booth, Sue, and Jillian Whelan. "Hungry for change: the food banking industry in Australia." British Food Journal 116, no. 9 (August 26, 2014): 1392–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2014-0037.
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Purpose – Over the last 20 years, food banks in Australia have expanded nationwide and are a well-organised “industry” operating as a third tier of the emergency food relief system. The purpose of this paper is to overview the expansion and operation of food banks as an additional self-perpetuating “tier” in the response to hunger. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on secondary data sourced from the internet; as well as information provided by Foodbank Australia and Food Bank South Australia (known as Food Bank SA) to outline the history, development and operation of food banks. Food banking is then critically analysed by examining the nature and framing of the social problems and policies that food banking seeks to address. This critique challenges the dominant intellectual paradigm that focuses on solving problems; rather it questions how problem representation may imply certain understandings. Findings – The issue of food banks is framed as one of food re-distribution and feeding hungry people; however, the paper argue that “the problem” underpinning the food bank industry is one of maintaining food system efficiency. Food banks continue as a neo-liberal mechanism to deflect query, debate and structural action on food poverty and hunger. Consequently their existence does little to ameliorate the problem of food poverty. Practical implications – New approaches and partnerships with stakeholders remain key challenges for food banks to work more effectively to address food poverty. Social implications – While the food bank industry remains the dominant solution to food poverty in Australia, debate will be deflected from the underlying structural causes of hunger. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the limited academic literature and minimal critique of the food bank industry in Australia. It proposes that the rapid expansion of food banks is a salient marker of government and policy failure to address food poverty.
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White, Samuel, and Ray Kerkhove. "Indigenous Australian laws of war: Makarrata, milwerangel and junkarti." International Review of the Red Cross 102, no. 914 (August 2020): 959–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383121000497.
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AbstractStudies in Australian history have lamentably neglected the military traditions of First Australians prior to European contact. This is due largely to a combination of academic and social bigotry, and loss of Indigenous knowledge after settlement. Thankfully, the situation is beginning to change, in no small part due to the growing literature surrounding the Frontier Wars of Australia. All aspects of Indigenous customs and norms are now beginning to receive a balanced analysis. Yet, very little has ever been written on the laws, customs and norms that regulated Indigenous Australian collective armed conflicts. This paper, co-written by a military legal practitioner and an ethno-historian, uses early accounts to reconstruct ten laws of war evidently recognized across much of pre-settlement Australia. The study is a preliminary one, aiming to stimulate further research and debate in this neglected field, which has only recently been explored in international relations.
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BROWN, NICHOLAS. "BORN MODERN: ANTIPODEAN VARIATIONS ON A THEME." Historical Journal 48, no. 4 (December 2005): 1139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05004954.
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Making peoples: a history of the New Zealanders from Polynesian settlement to the end of the nineteenth century. By James Belich. London: Penguin, 2001. Pp. 497. ISBN 0-14-100639-0. £9.99.Paradise reforged: a history of the New Zealanders from the 1880s to the year 2000. By James Belich. London: Allen Lane, 2002. Pp. 606. ISBN 0-7139-9172-0. £25.00.The Enlightenment and the origins of European Australia. By John Gascoigne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xviii+233. ISBN 0-521-80343-80. £45.00.Australian ways of death: a social and cultural history, 1840–1918. By Pat Jalland. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002. Pp. vi+378. ISBN 0-19-550754-1. £15.99.White flour, white power: from rations to citizenship in central Australia. By Tim Rowse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. xiii+255. ISBN 0-521-62457-6. £40.00.The five books covered here might seem a random sample: antipodean oddments from the edge of a review editor's desk. Their subject matter – from ‘ways of death’ in Australia to rationing policies for indigenous Australians – is diverse, as are their approaches: a scholarly assessment of the influence of Enlightenment ideas in the Australian colonies through to a massive two-volume general history of New Zealand to 2000. Yet even in this eclectic mix there are common themes, reflecting current interests and models in the writing of history in both countries. For some time, Australia and New Zealand have been productively positioned in relation to European social change as ‘born modern’ experiments, or at least as colonies which forced or anticipated aspects of the modernity shaping metropolitan centres. There have been several phases of historiography advancing this thesis, each reflecting a desire on the part of historians ‘down under’ to relate their account to wider dynamics, or to incorporate models that redress or refute the ‘isolation’ of their history by exploring categories extending beyond the national chronicle. More recently, historians of post-colonialism have returned the interest. They have traced in the extension of colonialism many of the crucial factors shaping core elements of nineteenth-century European nationalism, even the concept of Europe itself. In complex patterns of interdependence within ‘empire’, these historians have also identified several themes of ‘modernity’: reflexive approaches to ‘self’ and identity; discursive matrices of liberal government; the application and testing of the Enlightenment project of ‘reason’ and the ‘disenchantment’ of scientific knowledge and classification.
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Hodgson, Jayne. "History of Aboriginal Education and Cape York Peninsula: A Case Study." Aboriginal Child at School 18, no. 3 (July 1990): 11–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100600650.
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The aim of comparative studies in education is to improve our understanding of our own problems of education at the national level. In the words of Phillip E. Jones (1973:24), “Comparative education can lead us to understanding, sympathy and tolerance”. More than that, it is hoped that it can lead to improved circumstances for Australia’s most disadvantaged minority group – the Aborigines.The Aborigines were the first people to have a social system in Australia. That system, however, has undergone dramatic change in the last 200 years at the hands of ‘white’ migrants. Changes in educational policy in Australia have been largely a reaction to what the ruling majority has regarded as the ‘Aboriginal problem’. Schooling for Aborigines thus moved, early this century, from an era of mission schools and reserves to ‘formal’ schooling which was introduced in the 1960’s. Policies then shifted in turn from ‘assimilation’ to ‘integrationism’ to ‘self-determination’ and self-government’ for the Aborigines.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social change Australia History"
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Gill, Nicholas Geography & Oceanography Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Outback or at home? : environment, social change and pastoralism in Central Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Geography and Oceanography, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38728.
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This thesis examines the responses of non-indigenous pastoralists in Central Australian rangelands to two social movements that profoundly challenge their occupancy, use and management of land. Contemporary environmentalism and Aboriginal land rights have both challenged the status of pastoralists as valued primary producers and bearers of a worthy pioneer heritage. Instead, pastoralists have become associated with land degradation, biodiversity loss, and Aboriginal dispossession. Such pressure has intensified in the 1990s in the wake of the native Title debate, and various conservation campaigns in the arid and semi-arid rangelands. The pressure on pastoralists occur in the context of wider reassessment of the social and economic values or rangelands in which pastoralism is seen as having declined in value compared to ???post-production??? land uses. Reassessments of rangelands in turn are part of the global changes in the status of rural areas, and of the growing flexibility in the very meaning of ???rural???. Through ethnographic fieldwork among largely non-indigenous pastoralists in Central Australia, this thesis investigates the nature and foundations of pastoralists??? responses to these changes and critiques. Through memory, history, labour and experience of land, non-indigenous pastoralists construct a narrative of land, themselves and others in which the presence of pastoralism in Central Australia is naturalised, and Central Australia is narrated as an inherently pastoral landscape. Particular types of environmental knowledge and experience, based in actual environmental events and processes form the foundation for a discourse of pastoral property rights. Pastoralists accommodate environmental concerns, through advocating environmental stewardship. They do this in such a way that Central Australia is maintained as a singularly pastoral landscape, and one in which a European, or ???white???, frame of reference continues to dominate. In this way the domesticated pastoral landscapes of colonialism and nationalism are reproduced. The thesis also examines Aboriginal pastoralism as a distinctive form of pastoralism, which fulfils distinctly Aboriginal land use and cultural aspirations, and undermines the conventional meaning of ???pastoralism??? itself. The thesis ends by suggesting that improved dialogue over rangelands futures depends on greater understanding of the details and complexities of local relationships between groups of people, and between people and land.
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Martin, Allan. "Older adulthood, education and social change (Australia, New Zealand)." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3205817.
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The outcome of demographics which point to a rapid increase in the number of older adults in the population has been widely debated in the literature. However, it has been examined primarily from the perspective of an unrealistically optimistic or unduly pessimistic view of the future, with few attempts to provide other alternatives. This thesis is structured in three sections. The first backgrounds the context of the research question, the relevant literature, the prospect of gender bias in that literature and the historical development of government policy towards ageing. The second section presents a theoretical perspective for social change, examines the development of social movements and puts a case for a new social movement arising out of the increasing number of older adults and supporting educative processes. The third section reports on empirical research based on interviews in Australia and New Zealand with leaders of organisations involved with older adults and focuses on drawing conclusions from the research in relation to the research question. The theory proposed in this thesis is based on the premise that an opportune time in history exists for older adults to contribute to social and political change. However, for senior members of society to undertake this role will require education in some form, to act as an agency or catalyst to initiate an organised social movement. Findings of this research support the view that the majority of older adults remain fit and healthy and do not conform to the medicalisation approach to ageing on which government policy and, to a large extent, public attitudes, have been formed. While there would be problems of organisation in the formation of a new social movement there are no insurmountable obstacles to overcome. The greatest difficulty would seem to lie in overcoming inertia, sectional interests, generating the leadership and developing innovative and imaginative educative processes.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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Featherstone, Lisa. "Breeding and feeding: a social history of mothers and medicine in Australia, 1880-1925." Australia : Macquarie University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/38533.
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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Humanities, Department of Modern History, 2003.Bibliography: p. 417-478.
Introduction: breeding and feeding -- The medical man: sex, science and society -- Confined: women and obstetrics 1880-1899 -- The kindest cut? The caesarean section as turning point -- Reproduction in decline -- Resisting reproduction: women, doctors and abortion -- From obstetrics to paediatrics: the rise of the child -- The breast was best: medicine and maternal breastfeeding -- The deadly bottle and the dangers of the wet nurse: the "artificial" feeding of infants -- Surveillance and the mother -- Mothers and medicine: paradigms of continuity and change.
The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw profound changes in Australian attitudes towards maternity. Imbibed with discourses of pronatalism and eugenics, the production of infants became increasingly important to society and the state. Discourses proliferated on "breeding", and while it appeared maternity was exulted, the child, not the mother, was of ultimate interest. -- This thesis will examine the ways wider discourses of population impacted on childbearing, and very specifically the ways discussions of the nation impacted on medicine. Despite its apparent objectivity, medical science both absorbed and created pronatalism. Within medical ideology, where once the mother had been the point of interest, the primary focus of medical care, increasingly medical science focussed on the life of the infant, who was now all the more precious in the role of new life for the nation. -- While all childbirth and child-rearing advice was formed and mediated by such rhetoric, this thesis will examine certain key issues, including the rise of the caesarean section, the development of paediatrics and the turn to antenatal care. These turning points can be read as signifiers of attitudes towards women and the maternal body, and provide critical material for a reading of the complexities of representations of mothers in medical discourse.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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Stanley, Roy. "A social history of cricket in Western Australia 1829-1885." Thesis, Stanley, Roy (2001) A social history of cricket in Western Australia 1829-1885. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52837/.
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The dissertation will investigate how cricket integrated a frontier society whose initial class structures caused divisions within the colony. The colony was founded on the precept that wealth would create further wealth. As a result, class barriers were constructed during the formative years by those who had wealth and influence that dictated the colony’s future fortunes.
These fortunes were based on agriculture and horse breeding that created a horseracing society, and became a major factor towards erecting social barriers between the classes. Horseracing was a popular sport, enjoyed by many colonials, but it led to social and economic fissures that kept colonists segregated on the daily and sporting calendar. Consequently, in order for the colony to fuse together and create lasting homogeneity, cohesion and mores it had to participate in a sport that would infiltrate and integrate society and become successful in bonding all classes within the colony.
Cricket was the only sport that could achieve this because it was the first organised team sport to be played in the colony. The game was an imperialistic institution that became a common denominator across the broad scope of colonial society, not only in Australia, but also in South Africa and India, eventually reaching the shores of several other countries. Consequently, cricket played a major part in uniting a frontier society that created social harmony and cohesion by blending people from various backgrounds together.
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McCarthy, Dayton. "The once and future army an organizational, political, and social history of the Citizen Military Forces, 1947-1974/." Connect to this title online, 1997. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-ADFA/public/adt-ADFA20020722.120746/.
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Shuttleworth, Julie. "Social and economic change in Lambourn Hundred, 1522-1663." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267353.
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Reif, Alison. "Waves of change : economic development and social wellbeing in Cardwell, North Queensland, Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0184.
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This thesis is an anthropological study of local understandings of economic development in a small regional town in far North Queensland, Australia. How do preferences regarding lifestyle and social wellbeing impact on those living in the community? The study takes a particular interest in the aspirations, values and choices of the residents and their desires for the future and the future of their town. Throughout this thesis I argue that social wellbeing and lifestyle are important factors in Cardwell residents' choices and feature predominantly in their approaches to economic development. I contextualise this study through a comparative analysis of the effects of economic development on the wellbeing and lifestyle of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in the Cardwell region of north Australia. This comparison arises firstly from an anthropological interest in the circumstances of Australian Aboriginal people as a significant minority in regional towns. Explicit attention is directed toward the Aboriginal people of the Cardwell region as they constitute a socially and culturally distinct sector of the local population. Secondly, my study explores ways in which comparative work of this kind may be instructive on cultural issues relevant to economic development. This is a study of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people, who live in similar circumstances, and who, I propose, regard factors other than economic development as important. It is argued that while the Cardwell region does not provide ample nor a variety of economic opportunities, outward migration remains undesirable to many residents.
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Peppard, Judith. "Young people's health in Australia in the 1980s : a social history." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php424.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 212-245. This thesis examines the documentary record of three phases in the development of responses to young people's health in the 1980s and the contributions made by young people, health workers, youth workers, educators and governments. That evidence is compared with the accounts of key informants who worked in youth health and youth affairs during the 1980s. It is also set against the context of changing ideas about political economy and the role of government. The record shows that, while there were some achievements, these achievements were minimal and ideas that had the potential to make a difference were not acted on.
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Sakuma, Masako. "Social change in selected West Indian novels." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1990. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2196.
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This study, based on novels written originally in English by writers from English-speaking West Indian nations during the period 1949 to 1980, explores the authors' vision of the motives, nature and processes by which liberation from colonialism is sought and achieved. Extended discussion is given to the following: V.S. Reid's New Day (1949, George Lamming's In the Castle of My Skin (1953), John Hearne’s Land of the Living (1961), Andrew Salkey's A Quality of Violence (1959), Paule Marshall's The Chosen Place, The Timeless People (1969), V. S. Naipaul's Guerrillas (1975), and Michael Thelwell's The Harder They Come (1980).
Whereas New Day asserts the reality of a West Indian identity, In the Castle of My Skin stresses the need for a collective awareness of racial identity and its socio-political implications. A Quality of Violence and Land of the Living attest to the importance of establishing (in West Indian societies) spiritual values which are not Western and which are connected to the people's cultural history. Similarly, The Chosen Place, the Timeless People illustrates that a sense of history can greatly influence the struggle to achieve social change. Even though Guerrillas uses a chaotic situation on a specific West Indian island to suggest socio-political and cultural confusion in the West Indies generally, this novel nevertheless reveals the need for fundamental socio-political change. Unlike Guerrillas, The Harder They Come stresses the creative potential of the West Indian people as an agent for such change.
Thus in conclusion it is argued that these novels confirm the West Indian nations' need to change their societies in ways which are more egalitarian and less colonial. But to bring about that change, the writers generally agree that psycho-cultural resistance requires a consciousness that no longer accepts the dictates of an oppressive culture but attempts to rediscover its own validity. This attempt at rediscovery of individual, communal, and racial identities indicates an increasing vitality in the struggle for change in these societies, whose past has been stolen, whose present is being directed, and whose future has been planned by external agencies.
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Gleeson, Damian John School of History UNSW. "The professionalisation of Australian catholic social welfare, 1920-1985." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of History, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26952.
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This thesis explores the neglected history of Australian Catholic social welfare, focusing on the period, 1920-85. Central to this study is a comparative analysis of diocesan welfare bureaux (Centacare), especially the Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide agencies. Starting with the origins of professional welfare at local levels, this thesis shows the growth in Catholic welfare services across Australia. The significant transition from voluntary to professional Catholic welfare in Australia is a key theme. Lay trained women inspired the transformation in the church???s welfare services. Prepared predominantly by their American training, these women devoted their lives to fostering social work in the Church and within the broader community. The women demonstrated vision and tenacity in introducing new policies and practices across the disparate and unco-ordinated Australian Catholic welfare sector. Their determination challenged the status quo, especially the church???s preference for institutionalisation of children, though they packaged their reforms with compassion and pragmatism. Trained social workers offered specialised guidance though such efforts were often not appreciated before the 1960s. New approaches to welfare and the co-ordination of services attracted varying degrees of resistance and opposition from traditional Catholic charity providers: religious orders and the voluntary-based St Vincent de Paul Society (SVdP). For much of the period under review diocesan bureaux experienced close scrutiny from their ordinaries (bishops), regular financial difficulties, and competition from other church-based charities for status and funding. Following the lead of lay women, clerics such as Bishop Algy Thomas, Monsignor Frank McCosker and Fr Peter Phibbs (Sydney); Bishop Eric Perkins (Melbourne), Frs Terry Holland and Luke Roberts (Adelaide), consolidated Catholic social welfare. For four decades an unprecedented Sydney-Melbourne partnership between McCosker and Perkins had a major impact on Catholic social policy, through peak bodies such as the National Catholic Welfare Committee and its successor the Australian Catholic Social Welfare Commission. The intersection between church and state is examined in terms of welfare policies and state aid for service delivery. Peak bodies secured state aid for the church???s welfare agencies, which, given insufficient church funding proved crucial by the mid 1980s.
Books on the topic "Social change Australia History"
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Xavier, Pons, ed. Departures: How Australia reinvents itself. Carlton South, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 2002.
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Nicholas, Brown. Governing prosperity: Social change and social analysis in Australia in the 1950s. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
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Power and protest: Movements for change in Australian society. St. Leonards, N.S.W., Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1993.
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Nothing seemed impossible: Women's education and social change in South Australia, 1875-1915. St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1985.
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1943-, Robillard Albert B., ed. Social change in the Pacific islands. London: Kegan Paul International, 1992.
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Vries, Susanna De. The complete book of Great Australian women: Thirty-six women who changed the course of Australia. Pymble, N.S.W: HarperCollins, 2003.
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Paradise divided: The changes, the challenges, the choices for Australia. St Leonards, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2000.
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Gifford, Peter. Black and white and in between: Arthur Dimer and the Nullarbor. Victoria Park, W.A: Hesperian Press, 2002.
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John, Morris. The Tiwi: From isolation to cultural change : a history of encounters between an island people and outside forces. Darwin, NT: Northern Territory University Press, 2001.
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Context and beyond: Reframing the theory and practice of education. London: The Falmer Press, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Social change Australia History"
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Peel, Mark, and Christina Twomey. "Dissent and Social Change: 1964–79." In A History of Australia, 222–37. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60551-1_14.
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Peel, Mark, and Christina Twomey. "Dissent and Social Change: 1964–79." In A History of Australia, 231–46. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-35766-2_14.
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Moutselos, Michalis, and Georgia Mavrodi. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Greek Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 227–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51245-3_13.
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Abstract The policies of the Greek state vis-à-vis Greek citizens residing abroad are better developed in some areas (pension, cultural/education policy), but very embryonic in others (social protection, family-related benefits). The institutions representing and aggregating the interests of the Greek diaspora, such as the General Secretariat for Greeks Abroad and the World Council of Hellenes abroad of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, reflect earlier periods of Greek migration during the post-war period, but meet less adequately the needs of recent migrants, especially following the post-2010 Greek economic crisis. At the same time, political parties continue to play an active role in the relationship between diaspora and the homeland. The policies of the Greek state, especially when exercised informally or with regard to cultural and educational programs, are also characterized by an emphasis on blood, language and religious ties, and are offshoots of a long-standing history of migration to Western Europe, North America and Australia. Possible developments, such as the long-overdue implementation of the right to vote from abroad, an official registrar for Greek citizens residing abroad, new programs of social protection in Greece and new economic incentives for return might change the diaspora policies of the Greek state in the next decades.
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Mason, S. "Social Change." In Work Out Social and Economic History GCSE, 129–55. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10295-2_7.
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Monk, Janice, Richard Howitt, Claire Colyer, Candy Kilby, Lynette Kilby, Stephen Collins, Bev Johnson, David Crew, and Roger Penrith. "Social Change in Griffith, NSW, Australia." In Bridging Worlds – Building Feminist Geographies, 181–203. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032275611-21.
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Possamai, Adam, and David Tittensor. "A short history of religion in Australia before WWII." In Religion and Change in Australia, 33–47. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003255338-3.
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Chynoweth, Adele. "A call to justice at the National Museum of Australia." In Museums and Social Change, 173–85. New York: Routledge, 2020. | Series: Museum meanings |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429276903-16.
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Wende, Peter. "Industrialization and Social Change." In A History of Germany, 101–7. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-21288-6_6.
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Birmingham, David. "Education and Social Change." In Switzerland: A Village History, 143–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230287273_8.
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Lakhina, Shefali Juneja, and Christine Eriksen. "Seeking Safe Refuge in Regional Australia." In Gender and the Social Dimensions of Climate Change, 38–54. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003089209-4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Social change Australia History"
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Stevens, Quentin. "A Brief History of the Short-Term Parklet in Australia." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4018pognw.
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This paper examines the history within Australia of the ‘parklet’, a small architecturally-framed open space installed temporarily on an on-street car-parking space. The paper traces parklets’ varied and evolving forms, materials, production processes and functions. It examines how parklets have adapted to rapidly-changing social needs and priorities for economic activity, health, safety, socialising and on-street parking, and changes in street function. The contemporary parklet began in 2005 as a localised, grassroots activity to temporarily reclaim street space for public leisure, as part of the wider movement of ‘tactical urbanism’. Parklets rapidly became a worldwide phenomenon. Starting in 2008, parklets were absorbed into institutional urban planning practice, as a strategic tool to enhance community engagement, test possibilities, and win support for longer-term spatial transformations. From 2012, commercial parklet programs were developed in Australian cities to encourage local businesses to expand into street parking spaces, to calm traffic and enhance pedestrian amenity. A new generation of commercial ‘café parklets’ has emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic, facilitated by local governments, to support the heavily-impacted hospitality industry. Their design and construction show ongoing innovation, increasing scale and professionalism, but also standardisation. This paper draws on diverse Australian parklet examples to chart the emergence of varying approaches to their design and construction, which draw upon different materials, skills, local government strategies and international precedents. The findings also illustrate several convergences in the evolution of parklet design across different Australian cities, due to strong similarities in the spatial contexts, needs, risk factors, and technologies that have defined this practice.
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Xinting, Liang. "The Trajectory of Collective Life: The Ideal and Practice of New Village in Tianjin, 1920s-1950s." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4026pt85d.
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Originated from New Village Ideal in Japan, New Village was introduced to China in the early 1920s and became a byword for social reform program. Many residential designs or projects whose name includes the term “Village” or “New Village” had been completed in China since that time. This paper uses the Textual Criticism method to sort out the introduction and translation of New Village Ideal theory in China, and to compare the physical space, life organization and concepts of the New Village practices in ROC with in early PRC of Tianjin. It is found that the term “New Village” continued to be used across several historical periods, showing very similar spatial images. But the construction and usage of New Village and the meaning of collective life changed somewhat under different political positions and social circumstances: New Village gradually became an urban collective residential area which only bore the living function since it was introduced into modern China. The goal of its practice changed from building an equal autonomy to building a new field of power operation, a new discourse of social improvement and a new way for profit-seeking capital. With the change of state regime, the construction had entered a climax stage. New Village then became the symbol of the rising political and social status of the working class, and the link between the change of urban nature and spatial development. Socialism collective life and the temporal and spatial separation or combination between production and live constructed the collective conscience and identity of residents. The above findings highlight the independence of architecture history from general history, help to examine the complexity of China’s localization New Village practice and the uniqueness of Tianjin’s urban history, and provide new ideas for the study of China’s modern urban housing development from the perspective of changes in daily life organization.
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Goad, Philip. "Designing a Critical Voice: Discourse and the Victorian Architectural Students Society (VASS), 1907-1961." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3992pwp5p.
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Students are a necessary part of the architecture profession. Their training and preparation have long been key to maintaining the business and culture of architecture, and in doing so perpetuating traditional territories that control the institutionalisation of a profession. Students have also created their own associations, often mirroring, and at the instigation of, their parent organizations. More often than not though, in addition to acting as social binders and playing out the role of disciplinary ‘club’, these associations have developed a critical voice, urging change and injecting critique: in short, setting the basis for the framing of a local discourse. Using its publications as primary source material, this paper explores the critical activities of the Victorian Architectural Students Society (VASS), which developed under the auspices of the Royal Victorian Institute of Architects (RVIA). VASS published its annual from 1908, which evolved by 1932 to become Lines and, then additionally in 1939, students Robin Boyd and Roy Simpson expanded VASS’s publishing remit, producing the oft-controversial fold-away pamphlet Smudges that infamously gave ‘blots’ and ‘bouquets’ to new buildings. In 1947, VASS published Victorian Modern, Australia’s first polemical history of modern architecture and in 1952, it was the first publisher of the influential journal, Architecture and Arts. This paper examines the shifting ambitions of VASS, its chief protagonists, the role of graphics and the deft blending of the social, satirical and the critical that eventually framed and shaped Victoria’s architecture culture after World War II.
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Petrović, Emina Kristina. "Two Conceptualisations of Change in Architectural History: Towards Driving Pro-sustainable Change in Architecture." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4006pqv8s.
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At the time when it is important to act on the Climate Emergency and other pro-sustainable efforts, the key question is how to drive change. This paper examines two conceptualisations of change in architectural history in an attempt to support a better understanding of architecture-specific conceptualisations of change itself. Such understanding could offer real value in articulating how to drive pro-sustainable change in architecture. The paper identifies two conceptualisations of change which are easily found in existing writing on change in architectural history. One such conceptualisation considers architectural developments in terms of cyclical styles, or triads of early, high, and decadent stages of development of styles. Attributed to the 18th century writing of Johann Joachim Winckelmann on ancient Greek art, this conceptualisation presents one useful interpretation which links the change with natural growth. A simpler conceptualisation of two-point change is interpreted using the minor/major interpretations of change, as developed by Joan Ockman, based on the work of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. The key proposition is that the selected historical examples of conceptualisation of change reveal useful aspects of the past patterns of change in architecture. These might help understand how to drive needed change now. One critical factor in the transition which is facing us now, is that in contrast to many past transitions which were driven by technological innovation, current transition requires development of technologies capable to support the change which is scientifically proven as needed and real. Therefore, some of the historical natural ease of the past transitions in the current contexts needs active driving of change. Without an intention to propose a holistic new framework, the main value of this paper is that it identifies some of the key conceptualisations which are evident in architectural history and that could be useful in driving pro-sustainable change.
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EMANS, Denielle, and Adina HEMPEL. "Measuring impact: Program evaluation and design for social change." In 10th International Conference on Design History and Design Studies. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/despro-icdhs2016-03_021.
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Pozzer, Lilian L. "A HUMAN RIGHTS CENTRED HISTORICAL APPROACH TO TEACHING SCIENCE FOR SOCIAL CHANGE." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end012.
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"The COVID-19 pandemic brought to light uncomfortable realizations for science educators; it has become patently obvious how much confusion and misunderstanding there exist about basic scientific facts that could help one make informed decisions, from individual choices to policy making at all levels of government. The extreme polarity in public and private discourses related to COVID-19 might be augmented by political views, economic interests and social media algorithms, but at the bottom of it all there is a lack of understanding of scientific concepts and of the nature of science, as well as its sociocultural and historical contexts. There is also a lot of skepticism about science and scientists. This skepticism is not completely out of place; historically, there are embarrassing large numbers of cases in which human rights were infringed in the name of advancements of scientific knowledge. There are also incredible contributions of science to upholding and improving human rights. Whereas scientific discoveries are presented by the media as noteworthy and celebrated, there is a lack of intentional exploration and meaningful discussion of the “ups and downs” of science throughout its history and across cultures in the context of its relationship with human rights. To address this issue, I developed and implemented two courses designed for pre-service and in-service teachers, exploring the rather turbulent history of science and human rights from ancient times to the present day, from a perspective that considers both science and human rights within social, cultural and historical contexts, and highlights the contributions of science to human rights causes, from both negative and positive cases. Rather than promoting a naïve view of science as an a-cultural practice, detached from its sociocultural and historical context, and uncritical of the hegemonic Western, Judeo-Christian, White, male, heteronormative and colonial grounds on which rests the mainstream science presented in grade school textbooks, the courses pushed the boundaries of the very definition of science and its role in human rights causes, challenging students to consider the many implications of how we define, present and study science in schools, as well as how we promote and use scientific knowledge in our lives. Students in the courses were challenged to (re)envision science and human rights as they critically analyzed predominant Discourses from an eco-pedagogical social-cultural and historical perspective. A description of the courses and results evidencing the impact of the courses on students’ conceptualizations of science education for social change are reported in this conference presentation."
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MERZALI CELIKOGLU, Ozge, and Alpay ER. "The story of convertible Sofa-Bed: reading the social change in Turkey through the design of an industrial product." In Design frontiers: territories, concepts, technologies [=ICDHS 2012 - 8th Conference of the International Committee for Design History & Design Studies]. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/design-icdhs-111.
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Lu, Duanfang. "A Conceptual Framework for Architectural Historiography." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4005p6e3c.
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Architectural history used to be part of art history, but has been gradually distanced from the latter as architecture develops as an independent modern discipline. Despite debates on architectural historiography in recent decades, architecture as a unique type of historically situated aesthetic objects and design products has not been adequately addressed. To further an independence from art history, and to re-center architecture itself in historical analysis, this article highlights three essential natures of architecture which differentiate it from other types of aesthetic objects (such as painting and sculpture) and design products (such as cars and furniture), while asserting its situated materiality: architecture orders bodily activities and conditions human existence; it necessitates the integration of techne, technology, materials, and labor in construction; and it is a collective expressive medium which is shaped by and contributes to the interaction between different social forces. Based on the above propositions, this article provides an upgraded version of the Vitruvian Triad, with the existential replacing utilitatis (utility), the constructive replacing firmitatis (stability), and the interactive replacing venustatis (beauty).
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Jaques, Susan. "Same Yet Different: A Comparison of Pipeline Industries in Canada and Australia." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-106.
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Canada and Australia are remarkably similar countries. Characteristics such as geography, politics, native land issues, and population are notably similar, while the climate may be considered the most obvious difference between the two countries. The pipeline industries are similar as well, but yet very different in some respects too. This presentation will explore some of the similarities and differences between the pipeline industries in both countries. The focus of the discussion will be mainly on long-distance, cross-country gas transmission pipelines. The author of this paper spent 4 years working for TransCanada PipeLines in Calgary in a pipeline design and construction capacity, and has spent 2.5 years working for an engineering consultant firm, Egis Consulting Australia, in a variety of roles on oil and gas projects in Australia. Topics to be addressed include the general pipeline industry organisation and the infrastructure in both countries. The history of the development of the pipeline industry in each country provides insight as to why each is organised the way it is today. While neither system is “better” than the other, there are certain advantages to Canada’s system (nationally regulated) over Australia’s system (currently state-regulated). The design codes of each country will be compared and contrasted. The pipeline design codes alternate in level of detail and strictness of requirements. Again, it cannot be said that one is “better” than the other, although in some cases one country’s code is much more useful than the other for pipeline designers. Construction techniques affected by the terrain and climate in each country will be explored. Typical pipeline construction activities are well known to pipeliners all over the globe: clear and grade, trench, string pipe, weld pipe, coat welds, lower in, backfill and clean up. The order of these activities may change, depending on the terrain and the season, and the methods of completing each activity will also depend on the terrain and the season, however the principles remain the same. Australia and Canada differ in aspects such as climate, terrain and watercourse type, and therefore each country has developed methods to handle these issues. Finally, some of the current and future opportunities for the 21st century for the pipeline industry in both countries will be discussed. This discussion will include items such as operations and maintenance issues, Canada’s northern development opportunities, and Australia’s national gas grid possibilities.
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Scotti, D., and D. Matkin. "The Survival of a Cultural Change Programme Relies Heavily upon Continual Innovation, Evolution and Maintenance of Focus: The 8 Years Long History of Leadership in Health and Safety Programme." In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Social Responsibility. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179259-ms.
Full textReports on the topic "Social change Australia History"
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Nucera, Diana J., and Catalina Vallejo. Media-making Pedagogies for Empowerment & Social Change: An Interview with Diana J. Nucera (AKA Mother Cyborg). Just Tech, Social Science Research Council, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/jt.3022.d.2022.
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" As part of our “What Is Just Tech?” series, we invited several social researchers–scholars, practitioners, artists, and activists—to respond to a simple yet fundamental question: “What is just technology?” This interview was conducted by Just Tech program officer Catalina Vallejo, who spoke with Diana J. Nucera, AKA Mother Cyborg, a multimedia artist, educator, and organizer based in Detroit, Michigan. Nucera (she/her) uses music, performance, DIY publishing, community-organizing tactics, and popular education methods to elevate collective technological consciousness and agency. Her art draws from and includes eleven years of community organizing work in Detroit. In their conversation, Vallejo and Nucera spoke about the history of independent media and the internet, the potential of media-making pedagogies for empowerment and social change, and being optimistic about opportunity in the midst of great challenges."
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Upton, Erin. Understanding Institutional, Social, and Ecological Systems Influencing Climate Change Adaptation and Water Governance in Wine Regions: A Comparative Case Study of Oregon's Willamette Valley, USA and Tasmania, Australia. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7393.
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Baker, Alison, and Lutfiye Ali. Mapping young people’s social justice concerns: An exploration of voice and action. Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56311/hbnb8239.
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This report is the first phase of a two-phase action research project titled Building Activist Capacities of Young People Through Issue-based Campaigns. The report explores key social issues facing young people aged 16 to 25 in Victoria, Australia, and examines how they respond to these issues. This study aims to better understand young people’s experiences of voice, the contexts and conditions in which they can cultivate their voices for social change, and where their voices resonate.
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Woolaston, Katie. Working Together to Protect Australia in the Age of Pandemics: Managing the Environmental Drivers of Zoonotic Disease Risks. Queensland University of Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.232775.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has infiltrated every level of social, cultural and political life and has demonstrated the truly devastating effects of ineffective pandemic management systems. Yet, the likelihood of another pandemic occurring in the short to medium term is greater than ever. The drivers of pandemics are not improving. Anthropogenic drivers, including agricultural intensification, land-use changes such as deforestation and urbanisation, wildlife trade and climate change are all contributing to what has been called the ‘era of pandemics’. This report contains key findings and research around pandemic prevention and zoonotic disease risk management.
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Sklenar, Ihor. The newspaper «Christian Voice» (Munich) in the postwar period: history, thematic range of expression, leading authors and publicists. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11393.
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The article considers the history, thematic range of expression and a number of authors and publicists of the newspaper «Christian Voice» (with the frequency of a fortnightly). It has been published in Munich by nationally conscious groups of migrants since 1949 as a part of the «Ukrainian Christian Publishing House». The significance of this Ukrainian newspaper in post-Nazi Germany is only partly comprehended in the works of a number of diaspora press’s researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to supplement the scientific information about the «Christian Voice» in the postwar period, in particular, the yearbook for 1957 was chosen as the principal subject of analysis. In the process of writing the article, we used such methods: analysis, synthesis, content analysis, generalization and others. Thus, the results of our study became the socio-political and religious context in which the «Christian Voice» was founded. The article is also a concise overview of the titles of Ukrainian magazines in post-Nazi Germany in the 1940s and 1950s. The thematic analysis of publications of 1957 showed the main trends of journalistic texts in the newspaper and the journalistic skills of it’s iconic authors and publicists (D. Buchynsky, M. Bradovych, S. Shah, etc.). The thematic range of the newspaper after 1959 was somewhat narrowed due to the change in the status of the «Christian Voice» when it became the official newspaper of the UGCC in Germany. It has been distinguished two main thematic blocks of the newspaper ‒ social and religious. Historians will find interesting factual material from the newspaper publications about the life of Ukrainians in the diaspora. Historians of journalism can supplement the bibliographic apparatus in the journalistic and publicistic works of the authors in the postwar period of the newspaper and in subsequent years of publishing. Based upon the publications of the «Christian Voice» in different years, not only since 1957, journalists can study the contents and a form of different genres, linguistic peculiarities in the newspaper articles, and so on.
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Баттахов, Петр Петрович. ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В РОССИИ. DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/1815-1337-2021-51857.
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The article discusses the history of social entrepreneurship development in Russia. The concept and activities of a new social project in the country are being studied, legal regulation of entrepreneurial, social legal relations of subjects of law is being studied. Particular attention is paid to the requirements for the establishment of separate legal regulations for social enterprises. In the future, the author identifies a change in the vector of development of social entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation and assistance from the state in various priority areas in order to develop economic entities. It is proposed to improve some articles of the current legislation and, at best, to adopt a separate federal law "On Social Entrepreneurship of the Russian Federation."
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Sett, Dominic, Christina Widjaja, Patrick Sanady, Angelica Greco, Neysa Setiadi, Saut Sagala, Cut Sri Rozanna, and Simone Sandholz. Hazards, Exposure and Vulnerability in Indonesia: A risk assessment across regions and provinces to inform the development of an Adaptive Social Protection Road Map. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/uvrd1447.
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Risk induced by natural hazards and climate change has been accelerating worldwide, leading to adverse impacts on communities' well-being. Dealing with this risk is increasingly complex and requires cross-sectoral action. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) has emerged as a promising approach to strengthen the resilience of communities by integrating Social Protection (SP), Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) efforts. To inform this integration and thereby support the development of a functional ASP approach, the identification and provision of relevant data and information are vital. In this context, risk assessments are crucial as they establish the groundwork for the design of effective ASP interventions. However, despite the importance of risk information for ASP and the abundance of sectoral assessments, there is not yet a comprehensive risk assessment approach, a reality that also applies to Indonesia. Although the country is one of the international pioneers of the concept and has enshrined ASP at the highest national level in its development plans, this emphasis in policy and practice has been hampered by the absence of more unified assessment methods. The Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) presented here takes a unique approach to develop such a cross-sectoral risk assessment and apply it throughout Indonesia. The HEVA brings together different risk understandings of key actors both internationally and domestically within SP, DRM and CCA, as well as identifying commonalities across sectors to establish a joint understanding. The HEVA not only considers risk as an overarching outcome but also focuses on its drivers, i.e. hazards, exposure and vulnerability, to identify why specific communities are at risk and thus customize ASP interventions. Subsequently, risks are assessed for Indonesia’s regions and provinces based on this cross-sectoral risk understanding. Secondary data has been acquired from various existing sectoral assessments conducted in Indonesia, and in total, data for 44 indicators has been compiled to calculate hazard, exposure and vulnerability levels for all 34 Indonesian provinces. Findings of the HEVA suggest that overall risk is high in Indonesia and no single province can be characterized as a low-risk area, demonstrating a strong relevance for ASP throughout the whole of the country. Papua, Maluku, and Central Sulawesi were identified as provinces with the highest overall risk in Indonesia. However, even Yogyakarta, which was identified as a comparatively low-risk province, still ranks among the ten most hazard-prone provinces in the country and has a demonstrated history of severe impact events. This also underlines that the composition of risk based on the interplay of hazard, exposure and vulnerability differs significantly among provinces. For example, in Papua and West Papua, vulnerability ranks as the highest in Indonesia, while hazard and exposure levels are comparatively low. In contrast, East Java and Central Java are among the highest hazard-prone provinces, while exposure and vulnerability are comparatively low. The results provide much more comprehensive insight than individual sectoral analyses can offer, facilitating the strategic development and implementation of targeted ASP interventions that address the respective key risk components. Based on lessons learned from the development and application of the HEVA approach, as well as from the retrieved results, the report provides recommendations relevant for policymakers, practitioners and researchers. First, recommendations regarding risk assessments for ASP are given, emphasizing the need to bring together sectoral understandings and to consider the interconnection of hazards, exposure and vulnerability, including their drivers and root causes, to assess current and future risk. It is also recommended to complement national level assessments with more specific local assessments. Secondly, recommendations regarding ASP option development in general are provided, including the importance of considering side effects of interventions, root causes of risks, the potential of nature-based solutions and barriers to implementation due to local capacities when designing ASP interventions. Third, recommendations regarding focal areas for ASP programmes are outlined for the case of Indonesia, such as prioritizing interventions in risk hotspots and areas characterized by high readiness for ASP solutions. At the same time, it is vital to leave no region behind as all provinces face risks that potentially jeopardize communities’ well-being.
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Tyson, Paul. Sovereignty and Biosecurity: Can we prevent ius from disappearing into dominium? Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp3en.
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Drawing on Milbank and Agamben, a politico-juridical anthropology matrix can be drawn describing the relations between ius and bios (justice and political life) on the one hand and dominium and zoe (private power and ‘bare life’) on the other hand. Mapping movements in the basic configurations of this matrix over the long sweep of Western cultural history enable us to see where we are currently situated in relation to the nexus between politico-juridical authority (sovereignty) and the emergency use of executive State powers in the context of biosecurity. The argument presented is that pre-19th century understandings of ius and bios presupposed transcendent categories of Justice and the Common Good that were not naturalistically defined. The very recent idea of a purely naturalistic naturalism has made distinctions between bios and zoe un-locatable and civic ius is now disappearing into a strangely ‘private’ total power (dominium) over the bodies of citizens, as exercised by the State. The very meaning of politico-juridical authority and the sovereignty of the State is undergoing radical change when viewed from a long perspective. This paper suggests that the ancient distinction between power and authority is becoming meaningless, and that this loss erodes the ideas of justice and political life in the Western tradition. Early modern capitalism still retained at least the theory of a Providential moral order, but since the late 19th century, morality has become fully naturalized and secularized, such that what moral categories Classical economics had have been radically instrumentalized since. In the postcapitalist neoliberal world order, no high horizon of just power –no spiritual conception of sovereignty– remains. The paper argues that the reduction of authority to power, which flows from the absence of any traditional conception of sovereignty, is happening with particular ease in Australia, and that in Australia it is only the Indigenous attempt to have their prior sovereignty –as a spiritual reality– recognized that is pushing back against the collapse of political authority into mere executive power.
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Crafts, Nicholas, Emma Duchini, Roland Rathelot, Giulia Vattuone, David Chambers, Andrew Oswald, Max Nathan, and Carmen Villa Llera. Economic challenges and success in the post-COVID era: A CAGE Policy Report. Edited by Mirko Draca. CAGE Research Centre, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-01-3.
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In 2008 there was an expectation of major reform to social and economic structures following the financial crisis. The European Union (EU) referendum of 2016, and the UK’s subsequent exit from the EU in 2020, was also signalled as a turning point that would bring about epochal change. Now, in the waning of the coronavirus pandemic, we are experiencing a similar rhetoric. There is widespread agreement that the pandemic will usher in big changes for the economy and society, with the potential for major policy reform. But what will be the long-term impacts of the pandemic on the UK economy? Is the right response a “new settlement” or is some alternative approach likely to be more beneficial? This report puts forward a new perspective on the pandemic-related changes that could be ahead. The central theme is assessing the viability of epochal reform in policymaking. There seems to be a relentless desire for making big changes; however, there is arguably not enough recognition of how current settings and history can hold back these efforts. Foreword by: Dame Frances Cairncross, CBE, FRSE.
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McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.
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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.