Academic literature on the topic 'Social aspects of health services'

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Journal articles on the topic "Social aspects of health services"

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Abdinazarovich, Rakhmonov Dustmurod. "Cultural Aspects of Social Services." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 6468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr2020632.

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Bygren, Lars Olov. "Egalitarian Aspects of Medical and Social Services." Journal of Public Health Policy 22, no. 2 (2001): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3343458.

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Mineva, Darina. "THE SOCIAL NATURE OF QUALITY." Knowledge International Journal 30, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij30061735m.

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The article examines aspects of the quality of products and services, defines its social character and the factors that determine it. Three factors form the social character of the quality of products and services: the needs of society and individuals; market relations; the insurance of consumers against risks (health insurance and insurance).The question of the difference between consumer value and utility value and value and value is fundamental to determining the social quality of the quality. User value and utility are the two aspects of quality. Your quality is in the product or service. Consumer value is a property and value is a public property. It reflects the public nature of the work of the commodities producers through the exchange of the market. The basis of this exchange is the merciful value of the commodity.The social nature of the quality of products and services is "the commitment of producers to the needs of society and the individual", irrespective of the type of production. The social aspect is at the heart of all other aspects. Therefore, when assessing the quality of a hospital, we are actually evaluating not so much the organization itself but its commitment to the health of society.
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GÜLÇEK, Emrah. "School Health Nursing." MAS Journal of Applied Sciences 6, no. 5 (December 28, 2021): 1235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52520/masjaps.v6i5id150.

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School nurses interact with students, parents and school personnel for health education, physical activity, physical education, nutrition and health services, psychological services, counseling, social services, physical environment, social climate, emotional climate and family engagement aspects. Effective communication, teamwork and interprofessional collaboration improve this interaction. Overweight of children and adolescents, alienation, sexual health and pregnancy, sleep pattern and mental health are some actual subjects in international articles published in the last decade related to school health nursing, which are summarised below.
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Reyes, Giovanni E., Mark Govers, and Dirk Ruwaard. "A Mathematical and Conceptual Model Regarding Social Inclusion and Social Leverage." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0043.

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Abstract This article discusses a comprehensive conceptual mathematical model to specify main theoretical concepts and their relationships, regarding social inclusion and social leverage. The particular elements of the model are related to: (i) key aspects of theoretical principles; (ii) major links among principal aspects; and (iii) interrelations regarding social and economic issues within any particular society. One of the principal aims of this research is going beyond the strictly economic elements, to complement a more holistic perspective with social aspects and public policy. This study is part of a broader research project that studies social investment in Latin America, particularly focused in the health sector. More specifically, this study will identify relationships between variables and indicators of social inclusion and social leverage, as basis for carrying out empirical studies on investments that Latin American countries make in health services. The model presented here allows the identification of elements of differentiated public policy, the role of public services aimed to assist especially the most vulnerable social sectors and the support of such services in relation to a country's competitiveness, social well-being and sustainable basis of human development.
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Street, J. "Personal Data Protection in Health and Social Services." Journal of Medical Ethics 17, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.17.1.53.

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Werner, Perla, Ifat Stein-Shvachman, and Amos D. Korczyn. "Early onset dementia: clinical and social aspects." International Psychogeriatrics 21, no. 4 (August 2009): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209009223.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Increasing efforts are being devoted to the study of early onset dementia (EOD), namely dementia in persons under the age of 65. Until recently, it was assumed that dementia occurs primarily among people aged 65 and over. However, since the number of persons with EOD is increasing, its importance as a clinical and social problem is rising accordingly. The aim of the present paper is to summarize research in this area.Methods: We reviewed the research published to date on EOD, and divided the current body of knowledge into several main sections.Results: The first section focuses on clinical aspects and summarizes findings regarding prevalence, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of persons with EOD. The second section focuses on social aspects related to the cost of care for young people with the disease, the challenges faced by individuals and caregivers, and the services available for this population. Finally, conclusions and future directions are suggested.Conclusions: Research on EOD is still in its early stages. There is an urgent need to expand research that will lead to more effective diagnosis and management of EOD as well as to the allocation of funds and the development of appropriate services suitable for the unique needs of young people with dementia.
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Bremer, Daniel, Daniel Lüdecke, and Olaf von dem Knesebeck. "Social Relationships, Age and the Use of Preventive Health Services: Findings from the German Ageing Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (November 4, 2019): 4272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214272.

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This paper investigates the associations between social relationships, age and the use of preventive health services among German adults. Data stem from the German Ageing Survey (10,324 respondents). The use of preventive health services was assessed by asking for regular use of flu vaccination and cancer screening in the past years. Predictors of interest were structural (having a partner, size of the social network) and functional aspects of social relationships (perceived informational support) and age. Logistic regression models were used to measure the associations between preventive health services use and these predictors. Self-perceived health, gender and education were considered as covariates. Having a partner (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07–1.34) and perceived informational support (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13–1.69) were associated with a higher probability of getting flu vaccination regularly over the past years. Informational support (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.17–1.72) and having a partner (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.41–1.75) were positively associated with regular cancer screening over the past years. Associations between the size of the social network and use of preventive health services were not statistically significant. Associations between the use of preventive health services and social relationships varied by age. Structural and functional aspects of social relationships may support preventive health behavior. To increase preventive health behavior and the use of preventive health services, it is necessary to integrate information on social relationships into routine care and to strengthen sources of social support.
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Krajnovic, Dusanka. "Ethical and social aspects on rare diseases." Filozofija i drustvo 23, no. 4 (2012): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1204032k.

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Rare diseases are a heterogenic group of disorders with a little in common except of their rarity affecting by less than 5 : 10.000 people. In the world is registered about 6000-8000 rare diseases with 6-8% suffering population only in the European Union. In spite of rarity, they represent an important medical and social problem due to their incidence. For many rare diseases have no treatment, but if it exists and if started on time as being available to patients, there is a good prognosis for them to be able for normal life. The problems of patients affected by rare diseases are related to the lack of diagnosis and timely undergoing as well as their treatment or prevention. Orphan drugs are products intended for treatment, diagnosis or prevention of rare diseases, but for their development and marketing the industry has not been interested in yet because of their marketing reasons. Patients suffering from a rare disease although belonging to the vulnerable group for their specific health needs, is becoming invisible in the health care system due to their additional needs un properly recognized. Ethical problems faced by patients, but also health care professionals are related to the allocation of medical diagnostics, unequal approach to health care, inappropriately specialized social services as well as therapy and rare orphan drugs unavailability. Ethical questions related to clinical trails on orphan drugs, population screening and epidemiology testing on rare diseases will also be discussed in this paper.
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Jones, lan Rees. "Health care need and contracts for health services." Health Care Analysis 3, no. 2 (May 1995): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02198209.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social aspects of health services"

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Byrt, Sarah. "Social, medical and geographical aspects of the provision of community pharmacy services in rural West Wales." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683168.

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Wagstaff, Christopher. "Experiences of disengagement from mental health services : an interpretative study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6980/.

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Whilst there is evidence of a range of effective treatments available for people with severe mental health problems (SMHP), people frequently disengage from mental health services (MHS). This thesis investigates experiences of disengagement of people with SMHP and comprises two studies: 1) semi-structured interviews to elicit the experiences of people with SMHP and a history of disengagement from MHS; and 2) building on those findings, focus groups with staff from assertive outreach teams (specialising in providing care for people with SMHP and a history of disengagement). The participants were those perceived as the most disengaged from MHS yet they were willing to engage with the research. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to develop themes for individual participants and then across the participants. Disengagement from MHS was part of a wider experience of a limited connection to social structures, including an ambivalent and complex relationship with MHS. There was a sense of sadness in all aspects of the participants’ experience but they had developed strategies to reinforce personal resilience and to reassert personal identity. The findings of this thesis can be employed to better understand the context of disengagement from MHS and consequently better inform future engagement with this client group.
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Gordon, Roberta June. "Pregnant women's perception and application of health promotion messages at community health centres." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Studies have shown that pregnant women do understand and value information of their unborn child. However, those providing health promotion services often focus on medical procedures and health education messages, ignoring the cultural, socio-economic and psychological dimensions that impact on women's health. This research aimed to look at a specific component of health promotion, i.e. health promotion messages shared with pregnant women attending Stellenbosch and Klapmuts Community Health Centre Antenatal Health Promotion Programme and their perceptions of how they apply messages in their daily lives.
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Magill, Julia Rose. "No contest : theorizing power through aspects of health and social care policy in the wake of the demise of the internal market in NHS Wales." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2011. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/no-contest(d7482313-4e9a-4498-a729-3318e07be8fe).html.

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Following in the footsteps of Neitzsche (1968) and Foucault (1980), Clegg et al (2006) and Haugaard and Clegg (2009) have argued that power is the most central concept in the analysis of organization and organizing. The desirability of further developing the theorization of power in health and social care policy in the United Kingdom has been identified in a number of recent publications (Hunter, 2008; Crinson, 2009; Ham, 2009). This critical overview analyzes relative power to connect policy at the macro level (ending the internal market in NHS Wales) with specific policy issues encompassed by the four projects within the portfolio on: • locality commissioning; • delayed transfers of care; • governance, incentives and integration; and • safeguarding adults. The contribution to knowledge that flows from this critical overview: identifies that theorizing power in health and social care policy may help to explain apparent disconnections between policy intent and the effect of policy in practice in the context of post-devolution Wales; • suggests that, at its most extreme, neglecting to take into account the role of power in the design, implementation and review of policy in this particular policy arena becomes a matter of life and death; and • proposes that exploring power in health and social care policy through Foucauldian-informed critical discourse analysis of relative power could to some extent facilitate translation of policy aspirations into practice.
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Belt, Leslie Marie, and Leslie Paul Schellbach. "Perceptions of mental health services among marines." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3141.

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Horsfall, Debbie, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Social Inquiry, and School of Social Ecology. "The subalterns speak: a collaborative inquiry into community participation in health care." THESIS_FSI_SEL_Horsall_D.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/636.

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This thesis is about change, community and the health system. It is about women. It is about challenging the status quo and advocating for and with the less powerful. It is about fore grounding previously silenced voices, valuing the subjugated knowledge of people other than those who make the decisions. Many voices are woven together, including those of the author, community health workers, non-government agency workers, people who use community health services, and members of the public. This is a narrative of a group of people researching the issue of community participating in community health, concentrating on the Blue Mountains district of NSW. The inquiry centred on the premise that community participating is both desirable and achievable. The group spoke to over 100 people, and the conclusion was reached that, while community participation is promoted by the NSW Health Department, at present it is an idea that has not been thought through, is ill defined, and lacks support in practice. Debates about health and illness take place within a medical discourse, and there must be a reorientation to viewing health as a social phenomenon if community participation in decision making is to occur
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Sharples, Rosemary. "Negotiating 'normal' : space, illness and identity in an alternative mental health resource in Montreal." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19743.

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This thesis investigates different spaces in the lives of a group of adults living with long-term mental illness in Montreal. In particular, it is interested in exploring the role and functions of an alternative mental health resource that they all attend, using their narratives as the basis of meaning construction. My intention is to illuminate the complex interplay of identity, social participation, and physical place itself in the 'space' of experience for individuals. The way that a description of one of these elements is often in relationship with the other two, and that these connections can be useful in understanding descriptions of experiences by individuals, which, in David Morris' terms occur in a, "realm beyond language" (1997:p29). Finally, the concept of the 'border' is proposed as a tool to reexamine culture, identity and space, and one that is particularly useful in the context of self-help groups.
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Nicholson, Laura. "The health, support needs, access to healthcare services and social exclusion of adults with intellectual disabilities living in rural areas : a rural-urban comparison." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3738/.

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Background: Almost all intellectual disabilities research is conducted in urban areas, and very little is known about the population of adults with intellectual disabilities living in rural areas. It is important to know whether there are significant rural-urban differences, in order to provide appropriate services and address inequalities. In particular, the general rural population is known to be disadvantaged with respect to access to healthcare and social exclusion. Adults with intellectual disabilities are also disadvantaged in these areas, and therefore adults with intellectual disabilities living in rural areas may have a double disadvantage. Method: A sample of adults with intellectual disabilities living in a rural area on the West Coast of Scotland participated in a face-to-face semi-structured interview; their medical notes were also accessed. Demographics, healthcare, access to services, daytime opportunities, access to community facilities, recent contact with others, the quality of personal relationships, and area deprivation by postcode were measured. Data were already available for a pre-existing urban sample. Data were analysed using direct comparison and binary logistic regression. Results: A representative sample of adults with intellectual disabilities from rural (n=39) and urban (n=633) areas were compared. There were no significant rural-urban differences over a wide range of variables including: age, gender, ethnicity, level of intellectual disabilities, mental ill health and common co-morbidities such as mobility, visual impairment, incontinence and epilepsy. Both direct comparison and binary logistic regression showed the rural sample to have had significantly more contact with primary (Odds Ratio = 4.02, 95% CI 1.56 -10.35, P = 0.004) and secondary health care (OR = 3.93, 95% CI = 1.81 – 8.55, P = 0.001.) Participants from rural areas were significantly more likely to have any regular daytime opportunity (Odds Ratio = 10.8, 95% CI = 2.3 – 51.5) including employment (OR = 22.1, 95% CI = 5.7 - 85.5) and attending resource centres (OR = 6.7, 95% CI = 2.6 – 17.2) than were participants from urban areas. They were also more likely to have been on holiday (OR = 17.8, 95% CI = 4.9 – 60.1); however, were less likely to use community facilities on a regular basis. Participants from urban and rural areas had a similar number of contacts with other people in a wide range of situations, but the quality of relationships may have been less close in rural areas. Finally, rural participants lived in significantly less deprived areas (Mann Whitney U = 7826, Z = -3.675, P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: There were no significant demographic and health differences between the rural and urban samples. The study was underpowered with respect to some of these findings, and some results may reflect a Type II error. Nevertheless this is an important negative finding. Contrary to original hypothesis, the rural sample was found to have better access to healthcare services, had better opportunities and lived in less deprived areas than adults with intellectual disabilities living in urban areas. However, the results suggest that the rural sample may not have held such positive or close relationships, and this may be important when considering the subjective experience of social exclusion. Additional qualitative sub-study: A qualitative sub-study investigated the difficulties experienced with recruitment to the original study. 10 semi-structured telephone interviews were held with professionals who had helped with recruitment. These were transcribed verbatim and anonymised, then analyzed using the Framework approach. A number of themes arose, including participant factors (interview anxiety, worry about negative feedback), the importance of the researcher (using a personal approach, meeting potential participants prior to recruitment) and motivators (enjoyment of the research interview (participant), obtaining a medical assessment (carer)). The themes were then used to generate strategies to improve recruitment to intellectual disabilities research: these include the research team applying a more personal approach, and considering motivators for both participants and carers. The findings of this study have implications in terms of both time and money. However, successful recruitment is essential to intellectual disabilities research, and the results can be used by intellectual disabilities researchers to review and improve their recruitment processes.
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Anderson, Lynda May. "Privacy needs of women hospitalized for gynecological surgery." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28720.

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This phenomenological study was designed to explore the privacy needs of gynecological patients, as perceived by the clients during hospitalization, for the purpose of adding to knowledge and understanding of patients' privacy. Data were collected through sixteen in-depth interviews with eight recently hospitalized patients. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim for each participant. Data were analyzed using Giorgi's (1975) procedure. Analysis of participants' accounts revealed that privacy was important to participants' maintenance of their self-identity. Characteristics of privacy that participants identified as helping to maintain their self-identity included providing time alone for contemplation and helping to control interactions with others. Participants reported that privacy was important for their comfort during situations involving nursing care, basic needs and social interactions with others. Participants suggested that even though they reduced their expectations of privacy during the hospital stay, their privacy needs in hospital were at times still not met. Factors within the hospital setting that contributed or detracted from participants' hospital privacy included behavior of the nurses, doctors, roommates and the physical environment of the hospital. Participants indicated that nurses were the main factor in meeting privacy needs especially while caring for participants and participants' roommates. The findings of this study indicated that participants were willing to trade some privacy for health care. However, participants still valued privacy and considered it important during their hospital stay. There is a lack of research on privacy and acute care hospitalization. Recommendations for further nursing research, nursing practice, nursing education and nursing administration, based on the findings of this study, are presented in the final chapter of the study.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
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Reynolds, Gillian. "Accessibility and consumer knowledge of services for deaf adolescents." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1977.

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The percentage of deaf and hard of hearing people who need mental health crisis services is similar to the percentage of the general population needing such services. Yet, coordinated mental services for deaf and hard of hearing individuals are virtually nonexistent. People who are deaf and hard of hearing, like everyone else, find themselves, from time to time, in need of mental health services.
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Books on the topic "Social aspects of health services"

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Aging: Mental aspects, social welfare and health. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Walker, Rae. Climate change adaptation: For health and social services. Clayton South, Vic, Australia: CSIRO Publishing, 2015.

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W, Kushniruk A., and Borycki Elizabeth 1968-, eds. Human, social, and organizational aspects of health information systems. Hershey, PA: Medical Information Science Reference, 2008.

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Aging: Demographics, health, and health services. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2002.

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Silva, Elvira Craig De. Third-party reimbursement for clinical social work services. Washington, DC: National Association of Social Workers, 2008.

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Public health policies and social inequality. New York: New York University Press, 1998.

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E, Drench Meredith, ed. Psychosocial aspects of health care. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 2003.

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Knowles, Caroline. Psychiatric care in non-specialized community settings: A study of ethnicity and social marginality. [Québec: Quebecois de la recherche social?, 1998.

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Working for health: Towards a social model of health policy and provision. Milton Keynes: Open University, 2006.

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Bengt, Lindström, and Spencer Nick, eds. Social paediatrics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Social aspects of health services"

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Young, Ingrid. "Anticipating Policy, Orienting Services, Celebrating Provision: Reflecting on Scotland’s PrEP Journey." In Social Aspects of HIV, 59–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69819-5_5.

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AbstractPrEP in Scotland came with great expectation and celebration. As the first country in the UK to offer PrEP through the National Health Service (NHS), Scotland was heralded as a leader in HIV prevention. This chapter asks: how has the anticipation of PrEP shaped provision and use within the health system; how does the emergent and ongoing orientation of PrEP towards specific risk practices affect awareness, access and use, but also wider narratives of prevention, inequalities and ‘progress’; and, what kinds of biosexual citizens does it demand and produce? The chapter explores how the implementation of PrEP and the specific nature of its roll-out contribute to an orientation towards certain (gendered) PrEP users and PrEP use. It considers how the anticipation of PrEP as a biotechnology for particular risk practices, bodies and communities shapes promissory HIV prevention futures and determines what success and ‘celebration’ could be.
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Smith, Etienne. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Senegalese Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 289–304. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_17.

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AbstractThis chapter presents the main areas of engagement of the state of Senegal with its diaspora. In the first part, it looks at the main institutions and policies geared towards the diaspora. In the second part, the chapter focuses specifically on diaspora policies in the area of social protection (unemployment, health care, family benefits, pensions, guaranteed minimum resources). If Senegal falls in the category of pioneer countries for some aspects of emigration policies (ministerial institutions, external voting, political representation), its policy for the diaspora in the field of social protection is rather scanty. As a developing country facing many structural economic issues, scaling up social protection in the homeland remains the top priority for the Government, relegating social protection for the diaspora as a secondary policy concern for now. Recent governmental policies towards the diaspora have focused primarily on tapping the resources of the diaspora in order to increase its contribution to economic development and facilitate productive investment by Senegalese abroad in their home country.
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Nakao, Seiji, Hidenori Harada, and Taro Yamauchi. "Introduction." In Global Environmental Studies, 1–10. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7711-3_1.

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AbstractSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) present a new vision to establish an adequate and equitable sanitation system and require more consideration on the basis of the socio-cultural aspects of global sanitation. Despite these directions, the establishment of global sanitation in low- and middle-income countries has been challenging, and the socio-cultural aspects, especially the interconnections of socio-culture with materials and health, are overlooked. In this context, an interdisciplinary approach including humanities and social sciences is necessary based on the understanding that sanitation is embedded in society. In terms of the interconnection between socio-culture and materials, sanitation requires social relations to function its service chain, and in the interconnections between socio-culture and health, the risk of health by inadequate sanitation is socially allocated unevenly. In other words, an adequate and equitable sanitation system involves appropriate interconnections between the three components of sanitation (social-culture, health, and materials). Therefore, this chapter presents the concept of the “Sanitation Triangle” as an interdisciplinary framework by focusing on the relationship between the three elements.
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Young, Pat. "Health and the Health Services." In Mastering Social Welfare, 254–75. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10983-8_12.

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Young, Pat. "Health and the health services." In Mastering Social Welfare, 294–314. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13680-3_15.

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Young, Pat. "Health and the Health Services." In Mastering Social Welfare, 224–41. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17755-4_12.

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Strain, James J., and George Fulop. "Mental Health Services Delivery Issues." In Behavioral Aspects of AIDS, 305–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9386-4_18.

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Centel, Tankut. "Benefiting from Health Services." In Turkish Social Law, 265–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64704-9_23.

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MacIntyre, Gillian. "Mental health services." In Social Work in a Changing Scotland, 161–70. 1st Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315100821-17.

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O’Malley, Alistair James, and Jukka-Pekka Onnela. "Introduction to Social Network Analysis." In Health Services Evaluation, 617–60. New York, NY: Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8715-3_37.

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Conference papers on the topic "Social aspects of health services"

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Akhedzhak-Naguze, S. K., V. V. Romantsov, Z. S. Popov, and A. A. Naguze. "MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS AFFECTING THE MORBIDITY OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." In NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. Institute of information technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-2-1.189-193.

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The presented work presents basic data on the availability of medical services that affect the level of health of students in medical higher educational institutions. The authors reflect the relationship of the considered problems and the development of somatic anthologies among student youth. The article puts forward proposals for optimizing the process of improving the social group of the population.
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Wahyuningsih, Heni Puji, Bhisma Murti, Eny Lestari, and Reviono Reviono. "The Influence of Social Capital, Parenting, and Environment on Quality of Life among 2-4 Years Old Children." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.15.

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Background: Quality of life is actually a broader construct that encompasses aspects of life that may not be amenable to healthcare service. The quality of life of children is a subjective perception of satisfaction or happiness on quality of life. The quality of life is influenced by various factors, namely health conditions, socio-economic status, parenting styles, and the environment. According to HL Bloom’s theory, health status is determined by 40 percent of environmental factors, 30 percent of behavioral factors, 20 percent of health services, and 10 percent of genetics or heredity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of social capital, parenting, and the environment on the quality of life among children. Subjects and Method: This was a retrospective cohort study. Total of 400 children aged 2-4 years old who reside in the desa layak anak villages and ordinary villages in the region of Sleman regency. The dependent variable was quality of life among children. The independent variables were social capital, parenting, and the environment. Data were obtained from in-depth interview and questionnaire. Data were analyzed using path analysis. Results: The good quality of life of children was affected directly by positive social capital (b = 0.084; SE = 0.049; p = 0.001), good parenting style (b = 0.123; SE = 0.050; p <0.001), and good environment (b = 0.128; SE = 0.048; p <0.001). Conclusion: Social capital, parenting and environment have a direct influence on the quality of life among children. Keywords: quality of life, children, social capital, parenting, environment Correspondence: Heni Puji Wahyuningsih. Doctoral Program of Development Counseling, Universitas Sebelas Maret/ School of Health Polytechnis, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Email: heni.pujiw@-poltekkesjogja.ac.id DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.15
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Altay, Osman, and Hatice Mutlu. "Financial Evaluation of Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Services with Respect to the Health Economics." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02360.

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Healthcare interventions are concern of government policies, health service providers, civil society organizations and public. These interventions are mainly criticized with respect to their cost effectiveness. However, economic, social and health benefits of drug addiction rehabilitation services are not well understood and they remain relatively subsidized in comparison to other aspects of healthcare interventions. But, notwithstanding this, drug addiction rehabilitation services are generally financed with public funds in Turkey as like many other countries and this situation become subject to questioning when fiscal policies and cost effectiveness of these services are considered. Based on this circumstances there is a great need for scientifically sound and practical financial and economic evaluation of substance abuse treatment services. In Turkey, recent legislative developments on substance abuse treatment services provide a baseline for structural evaluation of financial and economic feasibility of these services. In spite of ongoing methodological and empirical developments in economic evaluation of the primary health services, similar studies regarding addiction treatments are very rare in the literature. Correspondingly, methodological guidelines in this area are also very limited. This study addresses these gaps by presenting a financial and economic evaluation of drug addiction rehabilitation services in Turkey considering urgent need of intervention in this area. Evaluation of these services is based on the basic requirements of a drug addiction rehabilitation center, which is determined by the related legislation in Turkey, and the evaluation was conducted according to the methodological principles presented by EMCDDA, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions.
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Tivatansakula, Somchanok, Gantaphon Chalumpornb, and Supadchaya Puangpontipb. "Healthcare System Focusing on Emotional Aspect Using Augmented Reality: Emotion Detection by Facial Expression." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100521.

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Current research includes many proposals of systems that provide assistances and services to people in the healthcare fields; however, these systems emphasize the support physical rather than emotional aspects. Emotional health is as important as physical health. Negative emotional health can lead to social or mental health problems. To cope with negative emotional health in daily life, we propose a healthcare system that focuses on emotional aspects. This system provides services to improve user emotion. To improve user emotion, we need to recognize users’ current emotional state. Therefore, our system integrates emotion detection to suggest the appropriate service. This system is designed as a web-based system. While users use the system, facial expression and speech are detected and analyzed and to determine the users’ emotions. When negative emotions are detected, our system suggests that the users take a break by providing services (designed to provide relaxation, amusement and excitement services) with augmented reality and Kinect to improve their emotional state. This paper focuses on feature extraction and classification of emotion detection by facial expression recognition.
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Darmajanti, Linda, Daniel Mambo Tampi, and Irene Sondang Fitrinita. "Sustainable Urban Development: Building Healthy Cities in Indonesia." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mbxo5435.

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The urban process or commonly called urbanization is a phenomenon that is occurring in several regions in Indonesia. In 2045, the projection results show 61.7% of Indonesia's population will live in urban areas. In the process, cities in Indonesia are facing several challenges related to Urban Infrastructure, decent and affordable housing, clean environment, local economic, slum, and urban poor (Social welfare). These indicators can have a positive impact on increasing the city index with healthy city categories, but also can have a negative impact with the increasing gap between the poor and the rich. The purposes of this study are to find out which cities in Indonesia fall into the category of healthy cities and to find out what factors and actors play a role in building healthy cities in Indonesia. The analytical method in this study is log frame analysis. The result is building healthy cities is closely related to the availability of aspects of life in urban areas: health services, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects. There are 3 cities in Indonesia: Palembang, Solo and Denpasar City. Building a healthy city is also an effort in improving health status, health facilities, cleanliness, garbage services, food availability, clean water, security, safety, park facilities, public transportation, art and culture facilities, housing, urban economics, religious facilities, and urban planning quality. Healthy cities in Indonesia will be achieved if efforts to improve not only physical health but also mental, social, economic and spiritual health are achieved. Finally, building a healthy city in Indonesia is an effort to contribute to sustainable urban development.
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"CHANGES IN HEMODYNAMIC STATUS, SLEEP PATTERN, MENTAL HEALTH , AND SOCIAL LIFE AMONG NIGHT SHIFT MEDICAL WORKER IN JORDANIAN HOSPITALS." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/bgcw7569.

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Background: Shift work is essential for many occupations like in the Emergency Medical Service that provides critical services that must be available all hours as a result of the irregularly day and night nature work (e.g., 9 p.m to 7:30 am ) with long-duration shifts (e.g., 24h and 48h) they could end up with a higher risk of disturbances in hemodynamic status which is contributed to (shock, heart failure, pressure changes, Sleep deficiency) along with mental health issue Objective: we aim to compare the blood pressure, heart rate, and O2 saturation and investigate the effect of demographic that includes (BMI, age, sex, educational level, mental status, memory, and decision-making ability. ) symptoms, and substance consumption (including caffeine, tea, energy drink, alcohol, smoking, multi-vitamin ..etc) between two group night shift and day shift Method: this study will be conducted in private hospitals and public hospitals in Jordan (Amman and Irbid ) and its design is a cross-sectional observational where adult health care providers will be invited to participate in completing an interviewer administration questionnaire Results: the high percentage of night medical workers faced a problem in many aspects including sleep disturbances, higher pressure, high caffeine intake, low focus, and decision-making ability along with social and family issues and mental health disturbances Conclusion: so we could conclude that medical night Shift work is associated with impaired alertness and low efficacy due to sleep loss and circadian disturbances so the performance remains mainly impaired during night shifts and the ability to focus and solve the problem and memorize information become lower with time In the end, we hope that medical institutions and hospitals would care more about the working environment not only the physical side but also mental health which should be put under the consideration Keywords: hemodynamic status, night shift, mental health, cardiovascular disease, social life
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Oneț, Romana. "Social Dimensions of Roma Marginalization." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/55.

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The paper aims to analyze aspects of Roma marginalization, by identifying and assessing the dimensions of social needs within a compact Roma community, located in a marginalized urban area. The effects of the economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic increase inequalities regarding the economic and social situation. The major challenge is to reduce the risk of poverty, especially among families with children, people with disabilities and chronic diseases, but also the social exclusion of people at social risk, based on accurate measurements of social phenomena. The community profile indicates the social status of the inhabitants, which provides a picture of the degree of marginalization and social exclusion of Roma. Thus, the study was conducted by constructing a questionnaire as a research tool, which summarizes the results of the activity of information collection and processing, both based on statistical methods and percentage analysis. The problems faced by marginalized Roma communities are low participation in education, early school leaving, difficult transition to tertiary education, lack of adult skills, low skills among vulnerable people in the labor market, low access to services, poor health and housing. Measures for early detection of situations of social risk and intervention lead to positive effects in preventing marginalization and social exclusion.
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Liu, Chengcheng. "Strategies on healthy urban planning and construction for challenges of rapid urbanization in China." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/subf4944.

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In the past 40 years, China has experienced the largest and fastest urbanization development in the world. The infrastructure, urban environment and medical services of cities have been improved significantly. The health impacts are manifested in the decrease of the incidence of infectious diseases and the significant increase of the life span of residents. However, the development of urbanization in China has also created many problems, including the increasing pollution of urban environment such as air, water and soil, the disorderly spread of urban construction land, the fragmentation of natural ecological environment, dense population, traffic congestion and so on. With the process of urbanization and motorization, the lifestyle of urban population has changed, and the disease spectrum and the sequence of death causes have changed. Chronic noncommunicable diseases have replaced acute infectious diseases and become the primary threat to urban public health. According to the data published by the famous medical journal The LANCET on China's health care, the economic losses caused by five major non-communicable diseases (ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, breast cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) will reach US$23 trillion between 2012 and 2030, more than twice the total GDP of China in 2015 (US$11.7 trillion). Therefore, China proposes to implement the strategy of "Healthy China" and develop the policy of "integrating health into ten thousand strategies". Integrate health into the whole process of urban and rural planning, construction and governance to form a healthy, equitable and accessible production and living environment. China is building healthy cities through the above four strategies. The main strategies from national system design to local planning are as follows. First of all, the top-level design of the country. There are two main points: one point, the formulation of the Healthy China 2030 Plan determines the first batch of 38 pilot healthy cities and practices the strategy of healthy city planning; the other point, formulate and implement the national health city policy and issue the National Healthy City. The evaluation index system evaluates the development of local work from five aspects: environment, society, service, crowd and culture, finds out the weak links in the work in time, and constantly improves the quality of healthy city construction. Secondly, the reform of territorial spatial planning. In order to adapt to the rapid development of urbanization, China urban plan promote the reform of spatial planning system, change the layout of spatial planning into the fine management of space, and promote the sustainable development of cities. To delimit the boundary line of urban development and the red line of urban ecological protection and limit the disorderly spread of urban development as the requirements of space control. The bottom line of urban environmental quality and resource utilization are studied as capacity control and environmental access requirements. The grid management of urban built environment and natural environment is carried out, and the hierarchical and classified management unit is determined. Thirdly, the practice of special planning for local health and medical distribution facilities. In order to embody the equity of health services, including health equity, equity of health services utilization and equity of health resources distribution. For the elderly population, vulnerable groups and patients with chronic diseases, the layout of community health care facilities and intelligent medical treatment are combined to facilitate the "last kilometer" service of health care. Finally, urban repair and ecological restoration design are carried out. From the perspective of people-oriented, on the basis of studying the comfortable construction of urban physical environment, human behavior and the characteristics of human needs, to tackle "urban diseases" and make up for "urban shortboard". China is building healthy cities through the above four strategies. Committed to the realization of a constantly developing natural and social environment, and can continue to expand social resources, so that people can enjoy life and give full play to their potential to support each other in the city.
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Serra, Angela, Sergio Gandini, Simone Colantoni, Giulio Buia, Luca Fantaccione, Pietro Bartocci, and Francesco Fantozzi. "Additive Manufacturing Versus Investment Casting for a Gas Turbine Component: a Social Life Cycle Comparison." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-77981.

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Abstract Currently the Energy Industry and Industrial Power Plants are committed to support sustainable development balancing environmental, economic, and social benefits. As the first two aspects are fully covered by environmental lifecycle assessment and life cycle costing, the third one is covered only for the portion regarding human health while other aspects, like local employment, contribution to economic development, supplier’s relationship, are not so easy to be measured. Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) is considered a powerful tool to measure and improve a company’s sustainability. Yet there is not a unique way of measuring how a company or even a product is impacting on the well-being of the society. In general, S-LCA is seen as an opportunity to improve a company’s reputation, it can help handling social aspects in the lifecycle of a product or service. S-LCA methodology is evolving since 1996 when first attempt to evaluate the social impact of a product rose and many methodologies and databases are now available; at present the phase of S-LCA development is the research of standardization. A use case of S-LCA application to a gas turbine component will be presented comparing the impact of moving the production of one component from Investment Casting to Additive Manufacturing plus insourcing coating execution: proving the benefit of applying S-LCA to products. The findings allow comparing design and manufacturing alternatives to maximize sustainability of a product manufacturing.
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Khaled, Salma, Peter Haddad, Majid Al-Abdulla, Tarek Bellaj, Yousri Marzouk, Youssef Hasan, Ibrahim Al-Kaabi, et al. "Qatar - Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health in Pandemics (Q-LAMP)." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0287.

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Aims: Q-LAMP aims to identify risk factors and resilience factors for symptoms of psychiatric illness during the pandemic. Study strengths include the 1-year longitudinal design and the use of standardized instruments already available in English and Arabic. The results will increase understanding of the impact of the pandemic on mental health for better support of the population during the pandemic and in future epidemics. Until an effective vaccine is available or herd immunity is achieved, countries are likely to encounter repeated ‘waves’ of infection. The identification of at-risk groups for mental illness will inform the planning and delivery of individualized treatment including primary prevention. Methodology: Longitudinal online survey; SMS-based recruitment and social media platforms advertisements e.g. Facebook, Instagram; Online consent; Completion time for questionnaires: approx. 20 to 30 minute; Baseline questionnaire with follow up at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months; Study completion date: Sept. 2021. Inclusion criteria: Currently living in Qatar; Qatari residents: citizens and expatriates; Age 18 years; read Arabic or English (questionnaire and consent form available in both languages). Instruments: Sociodemographic questionnaire including personal and family experience of COVID-19 infection; Standard instruments to assess psychiatric morbidity including depression, anxiety and PTSD; research team-designed instruments to assess social impact of pandemic; standard questionnaires to assess resilience, personality, loneliness, religious beliefs and social networks. Results: The analysis was based on 181 observations. Approximately, 3.5% of the sample was from the sms-recruitment method. The sample of completed surveys consisted of 65.0% females and 35.0% males. Qatari respondents comprised 27.0% of the total sample, while 52% of the sample were married, 25% had Grade 12 or lower level of educational attainment, and 46.0% were unemployed. Covid-19 appears to have affected different aspects of people’s lives from personal health to living arrangements, employment, and health of family and friends. Approximately, 41% to 55% of those who responded to the survey perceived changes in their stress levels, mental health, and loneliness to be worse than before the pandemic. Additionally, the wide availability of information about the pandemic on the internet and social media was perceived as source of pandemic-related worries among members of the public. Conclusion: The continued provision of mental health service and educational campaigns about effective stress and mental health management is warranted.
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Reports on the topic "Social aspects of health services"

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LEONOV, T. M., V. M. BOLSHAKOVA, and P. YU NAUMOV. THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF PROVIDING MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO EMPLOYEES OF THE MILITARY PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2576-9634-2021-5-4-12.

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The work is devoted to a comprehensive study of medical support, incl. sanatorium-resort treatment of employees of the military prosecutor’s office and members of their families (persons who are dependent on them). It is noted that health care is structurally included in services that, in addition to cash payments and benefits in kind, represent the entire social security system. The main attention in the article is focused on the analysis of the normative legal regulation of the health protection of employees of the military prosecutor’s office, as well as the provision of medical assistance to them (prophylactic medical examination, medical examination, military medical examination, medical and psychological rehabilitation, sanatorium treatment, reimbursement of expenses for drugs and treatment) of proper quality and in the required volume. The key scientific results of the study are the generalization of legal information and scientific knowledge about the procedure for providing medical assistance to employees of the military prosecutor’s office. The main scientific results of the article can be applied to organize training in the discipline «Military law and military legislation». The article will be of interest to persons conducting scientific research on the problems of social protection of servicemen and their families.
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Frazer, Sarah, Anna Wetterberg, and Eric Johnson. The Value of Integrating Governance and Sector Programs: Evidence from Senegal. RTI Press, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rb.0028.2109.

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As the global community works toward the Sustainable Development Goals, closer integration between governance and sectoral interventions offers a promising, yet unproven avenue for improving health service delivery. We interrogate what value an integrated governance approach, intentionally combining governance and sectoral investments in strategic collaboration, adds to health service readiness and delivery using data from a study in Senegal. Our quasi-experimental research design compared treatment and control communes to determine the value added of an integrated governance approach in Senegal compared to health interventions alone. Our analysis shows that integrated governance is associated with improvements in some health service delivery dimensions, specifically, in aspects of health facility access and quality. These findings—that health facilities are more open, with higher quality infrastructure and staff more frequently following correct procedures after integrated governance treatment—suggests a higher level of service readiness. We suggest that capacity building of governance structures and an emphasis on social accountability could explain the added value of integrating governance and health programming. These elements may help overcome a critical bottleneck between citizens and local government often seen with narrower sector or governance-only approaches. We discuss implications for health services in Senegal, international development program design, and further research.
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Somers, Stephen A. Somers, Tricia McGinnis McGinnis, and Maia Crawford Crawford. A State Policy Framework for Integrating Health and Social Services. New York, NY United States: Commonwealth Fund, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15868/socialsector.25002.

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Miall, Naomi, Gillian Fergie, and Anna Pearce. Health Inequalities in Scotland: trends in deaths, health and wellbeing, health behaviours, and health services since 2000. University of Glasgow, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/gla.pubs.282637.

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Following a global pandemic and entering a cost-of-living crisis, concern around how health inequalities in Scotland have and will be impacted is considerable. This report synthesises a wide range of existing data and new analysis to establish the magnitude of the problem, where improvements or deterioration is evident and who is most affected. Over four detailed chapters, trends in social inequalities in health, health-related behaviours and, health and social care services in Scotland are presented.
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Afridi, Munir. Greenstar Social Marketing private-sector activities in PAIMAN project: Process evaluation of Greenstar Social Marketing initiatives to improve and expand maternal and newborn health services and coverage. Population Council, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2.1086.

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Fang, Mei Lan, Marianne Cranwell, Becky White, Gavin Wylie, Karen Lok Yi Wong, Kevin Harter, Lois Cosgrave, et al. Aging-in-Place at the End-of-Life in Community and Residential Care Contexts. University of Dundee, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001274.

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Population aging is a global phenomenon that has presented capacity and resource challenges for providing supportive care environments for older people in later life (Bone et al., 2018, Finucane et al., 2019). Aging-in-place was introduced as a policy driver for creating supportive environmental and social care to enable individuals to live independently at home and in the community for as long as possible. Recently, there has been a move towards offering care for people with a terminal illness at home and in the community (Shepperd et al., 2016); and when appropriate, to die in supportive, home-like environments such as care homes (Wada et al., 2020). Aging-in-place principles can, thus and, should be extended to enabling supportive, home-like environments at the end-of-life. Yet, first, we must consider the appropriateness, availability and diversity of options for community-based palliative and end-of-life care (PEoLC), in order to optimise supports for older people who are dying at home or within long-term/residential care environments. Globally, across places with similar health and social care systems and service models such as in Scotland and in Canada, community-based PEoLC options are currently not uniformly available. Given that people entering into long-term/residential care homes are increasingly closer to the end of life, there is now an even greater demand for PEoLC provision in residential facilities (Kinley et al., 2017). Although most reported deaths occur within an inpatient hospital setting (50%), the proportion of overall deaths in a care home setting is projected to increase from 18% to 22.5% (Finucane et al, 2019). This suggests that long-term/residential care homes are to become the most common place of death by 2040, evidencing the need to develop and sustain appropriate and compassionate PEoLC to support those who are able to die at home and those living in residential care facilities (Bone et al., 2018; Finucane et al., 2019). This research initiative is premised on the notion that aging in place matters throughout the life-course, including at the end-of-life and that the socio-environmental aspects of care homes need to enable this.
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MOSKALENKO, O., S. TERESHCHENKO, and E. KASPAROV. PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INTERNET DEPENDENCE. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2022-13-1-3-85-94.

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A review of the literature on the actual problem of modern society - Internet addiction (ID) is presented. ID has negative social, health and economic consequences. The number of Internet addicts is increasing every year. Patients with IS have characteristic symptoms: increased tolerance syndrome (increased time and intensity of Internet activity); syndrome of loss of quantitative and situational control; withdrawal symptoms, with the impossibility of Internet activity and affective disorders develop.
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Forrester, Donald, Sophie Wood, Charlotte Waits, Rebecca Jones, Dan Bristow, and Emma Taylor-Collins. Children's social services and care rates in Wales: A survey of the sector. Wales Centre for Public Policy - Cardiff University, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54454/20220311.

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Wales has seen a rise in both the number and rate of children looked after. The rate is now higher than any time since the 1980s. In addition, Wales has consistently had more children looked after per 10,000 of the population than the rest of the UK. This trend is a cause for concern; particularly the impact on the outcomes of children who are taken into care in terms of educational attainment, health, unemployment, homelessness, and criminal justice. Moreover, the Covid-19 pandemic is expected to have worsened the situation. To understand better the factors influencing care rates, the Welsh Government commissioned the Wales Centre for Public Policy and the Centre for Children’s Social Care Research and Development (CASCADE) at Cardiff University to undertake a survey with the children’s social care (CSC) workforce.
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Maître, Bertrand, Ivan Privalko, and Dorothy Watson. Social Transfers and Deprivation in Ireland: A study of cash and non-cash payments tied to housing, childcare, and primary health care services. ESRI, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/bkmnext401.

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A new ESRI study commissioned by the Department of Social Protection found that tied cash and non-cash transfers are associated with lower deprivation, especially among vulnerable families. The authors considered benefits tied to housing, childcare, and medical services using 2017 data.
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Steinmann, Peter. What are the effects of social franchising on health service access and quality in low and middle income countries? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/161009.

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Social franchising adapts ideas and approaches developed and used in commercial franchising to the provision of public health services. While commercial franchising is driven by profit generation,social franchising strives to achieve social benefits. Social franchising has been identified as a way of increasing access to health services rapidly, particularly amongst the poorest populations, while maintaining quality standards in low and middle income countries.In such settings, access to health services is currently inadequate and private health service providers play an important role.
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