Dissertations / Theses: 'Social and symbolic interaction'

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Oxenford, Douglas R. "Symbolic interaction and the social self : role identity of Cub Scout leaders /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487687485810009.

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Fritschi, Lois P. "A quantitative application of symbolic interactionism to advance directive completion by older adults." FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3610.

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This study examined contextual and situational influences on older adults’ decision to complete advance directives by means of a conceptual framework derived from symbolic interactionist theory and a cross-sectional, correlational research design. It was hypothesized that completion of advance directives among older adults would be associated with visiting or participating in the care of a terminally ill or permanently incompetent individual sustained by technology. Using a 53-item questionnaire, computer assisted telephone interviews (CATI) were conducted with 398 community dwelling adults between September and October 2003. Respondents were contacted using random-select dialing from a listed sample of 99% of household telephone numbers in one South Florida census tract. Over 90% of households in this tract include an individual age 65 or older. The results revealed that contrary to most reports in the literature a substantial proportion of older adults (82%) had completed advance directives and that the link between older adults and document completion was mainly through attorneys and not mandated agents, health care professionals. Further, more than one third of older adults reported that religion/spirituality was not an important part of their life, suggesting that the recommended practice of offering religious/spiritual counseling to all those approaching death be reexamined. The hypothesis was not supported (p > .05) and is explained by the situational emphasis on the variables rather than on structural influences. In logistic regression analysis, only increasing age (p = .001) and higher education (p = < .001) were significant but explained only 10% of the variance in document completion. Based on the findings, increased interdisciplinary collaboration is suggested with regard to the advance directive agenda. Since attorneys play a key role in document completion, other professions should seek their expertise and collaboration. In addition, the inclusion of a religious/spiritual preference section in all living wills should be considered as an essential part of a holistic and individually appropriate document. Implications for social work education, practice, and advocacy are discussed as well as suggestions for farther research.

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Blom, Joakim, and Christoffer Elestedt. "Symbolik i reklamfilmer : En kvalitativ innehålsanalys av symbolik i reklamfilmer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445305.

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This paper examines the use of symbolism when companies communicate through advertisement. This is done by using a symbolic interactionist and dramaturgical approach to the use of symbols in advertisements. The field of previous research has also been studied and taken into consideration when analyzing the advertisements. The setup of this study is a unique combination between the field of social psychology and marketing. The base perspective of Blumers symbolic interactionism and Goffmans dramaturgy is used when examining how symbolism are used by companies in advertisements. This is where the study’s uniqueness comes from. Although previous research has touched the topic, none have looked at symbolism in marketing this way. The aim of this study is to contribute with research that brings knowledge to the field of both social psychology and marketing. The analysis of the advertisements shows that all the companies use symbolism in different ways to communicate their intended message. A consistent way that symbolism is used through the different advertisements is by connecting the symbolism of everyday situations to the company or their products. Through symbolic messaging the advertisements proved to also attempt to imbue the products with a symbolic meaning. Additional ways that symbolism is used in advertising are discussed thoroughly in the paper.

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Hafiz, Amir. "Sustainable Interaction : Putting the social aspect of Sustainable Development on the agenda." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-193979.

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In a world of development and scarce resources sustainable development has been presented as an approach of dealing with our issues of welfare. Economic, environmental and social aspects are incorporated in the approach in order to solve the problems of today. While sustainable development is pervaded in policies and planning of nations and communities, the three aspects of it have all specific definitions which are to be applied, some aspects are well defined whilst others are not yet fully determined. The purpose of this qualitative study is to highlight the social aspect of sustainable development. The social sustainability is assessed by investigating how a municipality in Sweden meets the variables of social sustainability established by the Swedish government. It investigates the structure plans of a community south of Stockholm, Haninge Municipality. It seeks to understand how the municipality implements social sustainability in practice to solve the issues of the alienated residential area Jordbro. By using a method of interpretation of texts in form of governmental documents of social sustainability, municipal structure plans together with incorporated interviews with locals and an internship at the municipality house of Haninge, the study gives a comprehensive understanding of social sustainability in Stockholm and issues which the municipality is to deal with. It indicates that social sustainability is taking a smaller role in the structure planning documents of the municipality, and it also indicates a lack of interaction and incorporation of locals. Furthermore the study suggests some solutions to the problems of social sustainability.

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Ross, Valerie, and kimg@deakin edu au. "EXTERNAL PUBLIC PIANO EXAMINATIONS IN MALAYSIA: SOCIAL AND SYMBOLIC SIGNIFICANCE." Deakin University, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20031028.140256.

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The thesis investigated the social and symbolic significance of acquiring a 'music education' through the taking of piano tuition and external public music examinations. It aimed to discover why the learning of the piano and the certification of musical attainment are so prevalent and revered among Malaysian music students. Its purpose was to unravel the socio-cultural raison d'etre of this approach to music education through the creation of a metatheoretical schema, which is premised upon the theories of symbolic interactionist, George Herbert Mead, music analyst, Heinrich Schenker and social theorist, George Ritzer. Central to the argument in this instance is the symbolic significance associated with the act of playing the piano. The investigation attempted to determine if this 'act' conveyed a symbolic meaning that is peculiar to a specific cultural vista. It further examined the degree to which this practice represented both a validation and a sense of conformity to social norms in the continuity and stability of an expanding middle class society in Malaysia. The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music (ABRSM) is the largest of the five main external public music examination boards that operate in Malaysia. Since 1948, over one million candidates have enrolled for ABRSM examinations in Malaysia and a team of approximately thirty ABRSM examiners visit Malaysia for three months every year. The majority of the candidates are pianists. Given such large numbers of piano candidates, one might expect a healthy development of musical talent in the country with aspiring pianists eager to demonstrate their musical prowess. However, this does not seem to be the case. On the contrary, there appears to be a curious lacuna between the growing number of students who enrol for external public music examinations and the seemingly lack of interest in public music making and the honing of general musicianship skills. The thesis hence examined the symbolic meaning of this socio-rausicological phenomena.

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Ross, Valerie, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "External public piano examinations in Malaysia: Social and symbolic significance." Deakin University, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050808.135747.

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The thesis investigated the social and symbolic significance of acquiring a 'music education' through the taking of piano tuition and external public music examinations. It aimed to discover why the learning of the piano and the certification of musical attainment are so prevalent and revered among Malaysian music students. Its purpose was to unravel the socio-cultural raison d'etre of this approach to music education through the creation of a metatheoretical schema, which is premised upon the theories of symbolic interactionist, George Herbert Mead, music analyst, Heinrich Schenker and social theorist, George Ritzer. Central to the argument in this instance is the symbolic significance associated with the act of playing the piano. The investigation attempted to determine if this 'act' conveyed a symbolic meaning that is peculiar to a specific cultural vista. It further examined the degree to which this practice represented both a validation and a sense of conformity to social norms in the continuity and stability of an expanding middle class society in Malaysia. The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music (ABRSM) is the largest of the five main external public music examination boards that operate in Malaysia. Since 1948, over one million candidates have enrolled for ABRSM examinations in Malaysia and a team of approximately thirty ABRSM examiners visit Malaysia for three months every year. The majority of the candidates are pianists. Given such large numbers of piano candidates, one might expect a healthy development of musical talent in the country with aspiring pianists eager to demonstrate their musical prowess. However, this does not seem to be the case. On the contrary, there appears to be a curious lacuna between the growing number of students who enrol for external public music examinations and the seemingly lack of interest in public music making and the honing of general musicianship skills. The thesis hence examined the symbolic meaning of this socio-musicological phenomena.

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Smith, Frederick H. "Social Equalization and Social Resistance: A Symbolic Interactional Approach to Strategies of African American Slave Populations." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720316.

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Boquist, Theres, and Mariah Lindefur. ""Mycket snack och lite verkstad" : En kvalitativ studie om delaktighet för brukarrepresentanter." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för socialpedagogik och sociologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-8053.

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Följande studie behandlar delaktighet för brukarrepresentanter från olika sociala företag. Det övergripande syftet med studien är att undersöka hur delaktighet kan påverkas genom social interaktion mellan blivande socionomer och representanter från sociala företag. En kvalitativ studie har genomförts genom en deltagande observation under två dagar i en framtidsverkstad mellan socionomstudenter, lärare och brukarrepresentanter. Empirin har analyserats med hjälp av symbolisk interaktionism och Goffmans dramaturgiska teaterscen. Åldersspannet på deltagarna i studien ligger på 22 - 70 år, och det var en övervägande kvinnlig deltagarskara. Studiens resultat visar att delaktighet med ett reellt inflytande är något som eftersträvas både från politiskt håll bl.a. av socialstyrelsens riktlinjer och från samhällsmedborgarna, i den här studien i form av studenter och brukarrepresentanter. Detta är dock inget som visar sig i praktiken utan det handlar snarare om en pseudodelaktighet, som innefattar "mycket snack och lite verkstad", där delaktigheten inte leder till något reellt inflytande. Det krävs en jämn maktfördelning mellan olika grupprepresentanter för att ge rätt förutsättningar i skapandet av delaktighet på lika villkor. Tidsbrist är en förhindrande faktor. Det visas att en framgångsfaktor för delaktighet är att vi delar samma verklighetsförståelse och eftersträvar en maktutjämning för bekämpning av stigmatisering. För detta krävs gemensamma mötesplatser. Studien visar att det krävs en långsiktighet för en lyckad implementering i alla led från utbildning till arbetsplats till medborgare. Det är en lång kedja där mycket kan gå fel på vägen. Detta kan förklara den tröghet som påvisas i denna studie.
The following study deals with the participation of user-representatives from various social enterprises. The overall aim of the study is to examine how participation can be influenced by social interactions between future social workers and user-representatives from social enterprises. A qualified study has been carried out through a participant observation for two days in a future-workshop between social work students, teachers and user-representatives. Empirical data has been analyzed by means of symbolic interactionsm and Goffman's dramaturgical theater analysis. The age range of study participants is at 22-70 years and it was predominately female group of participants. The study-results show that the inclusion of real influence is something pursued both from the policies of the National board and from community citizens, in this study in terms of students and user representatives. However, this is nothing that shows in practice, it is rather a pseudoparticipation which includes a lot of talk and little action, where participation does not lead to any real influence. It requires an even division of power between different group representatives to provide the right conditions in the making of participation on equal terms. Lack of time is a preventing factor. It appears that the success of participation is that we share the same understanding of reality and pursue a power leveling to fight stigmatization. This requires common meeting places. The study shows that a long term approach for a successful implementation at all stages from education to the workplace to the citizen is required. There is at long chain where much can go wrong along the way. This may explain the inertia detected in this study.

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Lester, Amy. "Paternal Support for Breastfeeding: A Mixed Methods Study to Identify Positive and Negative Forms of Paternal Social Support for Breastfeeding As Perceived by First-time Parent Couples." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5059.

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The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that babies be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life, and continue to breastfeed throughout the first year of life and as long after as is mutually desired. Recent survey data suggests that initiation rates of breastfeeding are high; according to the CDC, 75.0 percent of children in the U.S. have been breastfed. Although initiation rates of breastfeeding are high, breastfeeding duration rates consistent are much lower; 33.0 percent of infants were exclusively breastfed at three months, and only 13.3 percent of infants were exclusively breastfed at six months. Additionally, only 22.4 percent of infants were still breastfeeding at twelve months. Social and behavioral research has identified social support received from the infant's father to be one of the most important predictors of breastfeeding initiation and duration. Although several prior studies have identified paternal attitudes and support to be important influences of breastfeeding duration, few studies have been conducted to understand the specific forms of paternal support that are most important to mothers, and the forms of paternal support that are most predictive of breastfeeding duration. Also, to the author's knowledge, this was the first study to investigate negative forms of paternal support that may discourage breastfeeding. This mixed-methods study sought to better understand the perceived forms of positive and negative paternal support for breastfeeding amongst a cohort of first-time parent couples. A longitudinal study design was utilized, in which each parent participated in an in-depth interview at four time points: prenatally, and at one, three, and six month post-partum. At each time point, mothers and fathers also completed a quantitative survey; breastfeeding intention was assessed at the prenatal period, and information about current breastfeeding status was collected at the post-natal time points. A final sample of fourteen parent couples was recruited from Champions for Children prenatal classes, and all interviews took place between June 2013 and February 2014. The quantitative portion of this study found that at one month post-partum, mothers with higher prenatal breastfeeding intention scores were more likely to still be breastfeeding (85.7%), with the largest percentage of mothers still exclusively breastfeeding (50.0%); additionally, mothers with lower prenatal breastfeeding intention scores were more likely to be exclusively formula feeding (14.3%) (p = 0.03). In general, mothers with higher prenatal breastfeeding intention scores also identified more types of positive paternal support for breastfeeding; however, the only association found to be statistically significant was appraisal support (p=0.03). For the qualitative portion of this study, expectant mothers and fathers identified forms of paternal support that they perceived to be either positively or negatively supportive of breastfeeding. More often than any other type of positive support, mothers and fathers mentioned a father providing instrumental support as helpful to sustain breastfeeding, and at the post-natal time points, almost every mother identified help with household chores as being the support they receive most often which helps them to sustain breastfeeding. Whereas mothers mentioned instrumental support most often when asked to identify forms of paternal support for breastfeeding, after delivery mothers indicated that emotional support was truly most valuable; almost every mother identified words of encouragement and motivation as being the support they receive from their partner that is most important, and which helps to sustain breastfeeding. At the post-natal time-points very few mothers or fathers identified any forms of negative support actually received from their partner; mothers and fathers instead elaborated on examples of support that they perceived as negative for a mother to receive from her partner including failure to provide positive support, indifference to infant feeding method, a negative attitude towards breastfeeding or preference for formula, and negative or discouraging comments. At the post-natal time points, the majority of mothers perceived a father being verbally negative about breastfeeding as the worst form of negative support for breastfeeding. This study primarily used qualitative methods to gather rich, in-depth personal accounts of first-time mothers' and first-time fathers' perceptions of paternal support for breastfeeding. This provided valuable insight and allowed for an emic perspective of the participants' personal experiences which led to a more in-depth understanding of the specific forms of paternal support most important to mothers. Unlike previous studies conducted to better understand paternal support for breastfeeding, this study utilized a longitudinal design which allowed for the collection of data at four time points, both pre- and post-natal. A longitudinal design strengthened this study as perceived forms of paternal support were compared at different time points, and shifts in perceptions over time amongst mothers and fathers were captured. This study contributes new knowledge to the field of breastfeeding promotion regarding the specific forms of paternal support that mothers and fathers perceive as positive or negative of breastfeeding. It is imperative to improve our understanding of the precise forms of paternal support which are most positively associated with breastfeeding exclusivity and duration, so that future efforts to increase positive paternal support and decrease negative paternal support are most effective. The findings of this study can be used to help engage fathers in the breastfeeding process, including educating them on the specific ways that they can offer meaningful support to their breastfeeding partner.

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Farquhar, Lee Keenan. "Identity negotiation on Facebook.com." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/289.

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This study examines identity presentations on the online social networking site, Facebook.com. The two-phase research design includes a period of participant observation of a sample of 346 college students and recent graduates followed by an interview period with a sample subset of 48 interviewees. The study analyzes key performance components on the site using a symbolic interaction perspective, to determine common characteristics of Facebook profiles, importance of performance components, and categories of identity performance. Identity performance components are broken into two general categories, static and dynamic. Dynamic components, those that are updated frequently and drive much of the activity online, are far more important in terms of identity performance. Dynamic components on Facebook found to be important in this study are status updates, use of bumper stickers and pieces of flair, giving gifts, and photos. Analysis of these components supports the symbolic interaction literature in general and the works of George H. Mead specifically. The Facebook news feed allows Facebookers to continually observe identity performances of others as well as to give and receive feedback on performances. This continual flow of information allows for the development of a generalized other, used as the basis for anticipating reactions from others to potential activity. Based on these anticipations, in an effort to reduce misinterpretations, Facebookers develop exaggerated performances that serve to distinguish in-groups from out-groups.

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Lindahl, Gustav, and Mimi Öhlund. "Personal Branding ThroughImagification in Social Media : Identity Creation and Alteration Through Images." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Marknadsföring, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-98967.

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The general purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate how individuals today, in a societywhere people spend more and more time on social media, create and alter their identity throughimages. The study is focused on Instagram, the most widespread social media only focused onphotos. The study is based on a postmodern perspective and focuses on symbolic interactionism,identity capital and psychological self. The empirical data was collected through semi-structuredinterviews with fifteen Instagram users, most of who are from the Stockholm, Sweden region. Thestudy was influenced by the Grounded Theory method where emergent themes describing howindividuals alter and create their identity through images were deduced from the interviews. Thesethemes were: showing a nuanced image of themselves, images as a means of conveying identity forrecognition, imagification as personal branding tool and reflexive social interaction.The findings suggest that individuals show only a selected, a nuanced, part of their identity onInstagram and Instagram gives a greater freedom to express what people want to express as theiridentity and their self. By using photos in social media individuals are not as limited as they wouldotherwise be in the real world in terms of how they want to market their identity. But there is also afrustration among many users of Instagram and other social media as many feel that the nuancedand perfected image that many people convey is fake and annoying to see and this could thus havea negative impact on that person’s personal brand. Images were seen to be more efficient than textfor the purpose of personal branding and it also appeared that identity creation through imagescould create a more expressive society.

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Herrmann, Andrew F. "Never Mind the Scholar, Here’s the Old Punk: Identity, Community, and the Aging Music Fan." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/461.

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Book Summary: Part I, 'Theoretical Openings,' of Volume 39 of Studies in Symbolic Interaction contains outstanding contributions by leading interactionists on welfare reform, history, biography and memory. The three chapters in Part II, 'Studies in Social Construction,' interrogate the complexities of social interaction, interpersonal and professional identity, and the cinematic representation of alcoholism. Part III takes up important interpretive interventions on the topics of imagination and intimate deception in everyday life.

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Leonard, Diana Kay. "Shaping Fuzzy Goals through Teacher-Student Interaction: A Detailed Look at Communication between Community College Faculty and Transfer Students." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193806.

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SHAPING FUZZY GOALS THROUGH TEACHER-STUDENT INTERACTION: A DETAILED LOOK AT THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN COMMUNITY COLLEGE FACULTY AND TRANSFER STUDENTS by Diana K. Leonard Faculty-student interactions have been largely neglected in the research regarding community colleges and community college transfer students. Yet faculty serve as points of institutional contact, and might also serve a central role in student experiences and decision-making. The purpose of this study was to increase our understanding of the dynamics and interactions that impact student experiences and decisions regarding transfer at the community college and to understand how those interactions contributed to goal formation. Symbolic interactionism (Blumer, 1969) provided a framework to guide the mixed-methods approach, which was primarily qualitative, utilizing online surveys and personal interviews to investigate students' interpretations of the student-teacher interactions. Quantitative data analysis measured teacher influence. 429 students who successfully transferred to a Research I university in the southwest, from in-state community colleges completed the survey. Ten students from this pool, subsequently interviewed, reflected various levels of uncertainty in their goals to transfer. These uncertain goals were termed "fuzzy" goals.In addition to symbolic interactionism as a framework, Stanton-Salazar's (1997) concept of institutional agents, supported with Bourdieu's (1977) cultural and social capital and Tinto's (1975) theory of social and academic integration were used to guide this study. Findings illustrated that students did utilize their teachers as institutional agents, who provided them with cultural knowledge and facilitated their understanding of procedures and processes through active as well as passive teacher-agency. Five themes emerged in students' interpretation of the student-teacher interactions: support, motivation, guidance, inspiration, and modeling. All had varying effects on students' uncertainty and contributed to shaping their fuzzy goals and to their social and academic integration into academe.This study can inform our understanding of the well-known gap in BA attainment between students who begin at a community college intending to transfer and students who begin at a four-year institution. Further, this study can inform strategic planning geared toward supporting teachers more fully in their role as institutional agents conveying social and cultural capital to students to increase their leverage for success once they transfer to the university.

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Van, de Voorde CÃ©cile ValÃ©rie. "Freedom fighters, freedom haters, martyrs, and evildoers: The social construction of suicide terrorism." Scholar Commons, 2006. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2734.

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Suicide terrorism is characterized by the willingness of physically and psychologically war-trained individuals to die while destroying or attempting to annihilate enemy targets in furtherance of certain political or social objectives. Rooted in the historical, social, and psychological dimensions of international terrorism, suicide terrorism is neither a unique nor a new phenomenon. Its recent resurgence and the extensive media coverage it has received account for the misleading uniqueness of this violent, complex, and adaptive form of terrorism. This qualitative study examines the definitional and rhetorical processes by which suicide terrorism is socially constructed. Using a social constructionist theoretical framework coupled with a symbolic interactionist approach, this multi-case study effectively moves the analysis of suicide bombings beyond essentialist debates on asymmetrical warfare or terrorism and into a more nuanced appreciation of cultural meaning and human interaction. Hence this case study emphasizes how the interpretive understanding of suicide terrorism is associated with a biased representation of events and their alleged causes that is conditioned by deliberate attempts to stigmatize ideological enemies, manipulate public perceptions, and promote certain political interests. The primary research question is: How are socio-political processes, bureaucratic imperatives, and media structures involved in the social construction of suicide terrorism? Secondary research questions focus on determining how suicide terrorism is (a) a political weapon, (b) a communication tool, and (c) a politicized issue that fits into a moral panic framework. Methods used to conduct the analysis include in-depth interviews (phenomenological and elite interviewing) and document analysis (general document review and historical review). Findings highlight the interactions between suicide bombers (as contemporary folk devils), the news and entertainment media, the public, and agents of social control (politicians, lawmakers, law enforcement, and action groups), and their respective roles in the social construction of suicide terrorism. The limitations of the study, its significant theoretical and practical implications, as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Kristensen, Emily, and Boberg Helen Sartz. "How are the conditions?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26723.

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The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse how school and social service in the city of Malmö cooperate regarding children at risk and what they do in order to meet their needs. We also aim to explore the view and knowledge of the personnel and their experience of the guardians’ impact during collaboration. The empirical data was collected by personal interviews with personnel from the school and social service. The results have been analysed from a theory of organizational culture and symbolic interaction.The study shows that the organizations have various forms of cooperation, whereof the majority occur in individual cases, and that preventative work is not a priority due to reorganisations and changes in society. One of the central aspects regarding collaboration is intervention in an early stage to meet the childrens needs. We question if this could be done if preventative work would be a low priority. Both parties experiencing frustration from the personnel of the other organization, which mainly occurs from lack of trust and knowledge about the working situation of the other. The personnel from school and social service consider themselves to have an understanding for the personnel of the other organization. However, this is not a comprehension, which the personnel are experiencing from the personnel of the other organization. The view of the personnel between school and social service differs, which could be explained by “language differences” seen from a perspective of symbolic interaction. The differences might decrease and result in a better understanding between the parties if preventative work were to be prioritized for creating networks and strengthen their relations. The results also show that the guardians have a significant impact concerning the organizations to be able to cooperate in individual cases. This is because the confidentiality needs to be removed in order to enable cooperation between the parties. One conclusion based on the results is that visions and guidelines are not conformed in what is possible to integrate in the daily practical work of the personnel. Furthermore, several political decisions have to be made in order to give the personnel in school and social service adequate conditions for cooperation.

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Hofmann, Jan. "Gender Representation in TV Advertising regarding Social Interaction : The Construction of Stereotypes through Symbolism and Connotations." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31097.

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Gender representation is a frequently addressed field within media and communication studies in general and in the subject of TV advertising in particular. Previous research mainly focused on the detection of commonly exploited stereotypes that are used to portray women and men respectively. Much emphasize has been placed on the relationship between the sexes regarding social roles and professions, embedded in a cultural and ideological context. The purpose of this scientific work however is to examine how the construction of gender stereotypes in media takes place, which practices are used to connote meaning. Using a qualitative method, namely a visual discourse analysis, the aim of the study is to unveil subtle but also obvious symbols and characteristics that are used to represent feminine and masculine traits respectively in order to expand the current body of research. This proceeding marks an approach to have a closer look at the social interaction of females and males in TV advertisements in order to get an insight in the allocation of power and subsequently, social roles. Four TV advertisements are used as objects of investigation. As a theoretical fundament, the gender theories of sexism, masculinism and feminism are introduced. The findings suggest that the representation of women and men still follows strong patterns of stereotyping, not just on the level of role allocation but also on a behavioral level. However, the study comes to the conclusion that an asymmetric treatment of the sexes is not necessarily the result of gender stereotyping; in the case, both sexes are stereotyped similarly, not depicting either men or women dominating their counterparts in a global context.

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BANKSTON, KAREN DENISE. "COLLECTIVE SELF-ESTEEM AND ATTITUDES TOWARD COLLABORATION AS PREDICTORS TO COLLABORATIVE PRACTICE BEHAVIORS USED BY REGISTERED NURSES AND PHYSICIANS IN ACUATE CARE HOSPITALS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1131630469.

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Ziv, Ary. "Dynamics in interactions with digital technology| A depth psychological/theoretical exploration of the evolutionary-biological, symbolic, and emotional psyche in the digital age." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3633365.

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The intention of this exploratory research is to shed light on the psychological impact of interactions with digital technology, which is increasingly pervasive in our culture. This dissertation asks what psychological phenomena are generated by human interactions with digital technology, in general, and with complex recommendation systems, in particular. Nondigital technology is contrasted with digital technology, which achieves new levels of interactivity through its artificial and virtual capabilities. It is proposed that the degree of increased interactivity made possible by digital technology crosses a threshold impacting the psyche in new ways.

A theoretical framework for understanding human-digital technology interactions is introduced and developed. The psyche is conceptualized as evolutionarily and biologically based, functioning symbolically and emotionally both consciously and unconsciously. Ramifications of this conceptualization are explored in the context of interactions with digital/algorithmic technology, using recommendation systems as illustrations.

The theoretical investigation concludes that psyche-digital technology interactions are new phenomena. Psychic processes—by nature evolutionarily and biologically symbolic and largely unconscious—interact with nonbiological digital/algorithmic technology. Because of the incongruence of value systems between biological phenomena and digital/algorithmic logic, unconscious psychic processes resulting from interactions between the biological feeling psyche and nonbiological digital technology are likely to significantly impact both psychic development of individuals, in the short term, and quite possibly the human species at large, in the long term.

The method of exploratory research is interpretive and theoretically oriented, while employing a depth psychological lens. Contemporary depth psychology is described as an integrative field that is receptive to insights from all other fields; it considers unconscious phenomena as vital to human psychological makeup. This study brings together depth psychological and neurobiological theory; and is grounded in the work of depth psychologist Erich Neumann, who describes biological-evolutionary-symbolic unconscious and conscious dynamics of the psyche.

As background, social psychology's discoveries of unconscious social behaviors triggered by interacting with new media are highlighted as fundamental in interactions with computing technology. From a depth psychological point of view, conscious and unconscious relationships to and with technology are explored historically as precursors to interactions with digital technology.

Keywords: human-computer interactions, depth psychology, big data, recommendation systems, digital technology, emotions, affect, feeling, neurobiology, Carl Jung, Erich Neumann.

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Pohnert, Tami. "The Effects of Pet Ownership on Physical Well-Being in Older Adults." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2238.

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A large percentage of Americans own pets which may impact their health. This study examines pet ownership’s effect on well being in older adults looking at race/ethnicity. A sample of 6,565 older adults (>60) was selected from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey. Pet owners comprised 28.3% of the sample. The theories of symbolic interaction and social integration were used to examine pet ownership’s effect on physical components of well-being. The descriptive results showed statistically significant differences in age, education, income, and marital status between pet owners and non-pet owners. Pet owners were younger, more educate, higher income and married. Similar results were found for Caucasians, African Americans and Mexican Americans. Logistic regression for the entire sample revealed pet owners were more likely to have a positive self perception of health, normal blood pressure, improved function, less chronic conditions, improved function and more falls. Multiple regression revealed pet owners had more hospital stays, but fewer physician visits and nursing home stays than non-pet owners. When examined by race/ethnicity differences were found between pet owners and non-pet owners that differed from the general sample results. This research revealed that pets overall positively impact their owners’ health but it appears to differ based on race/ethnicity. Further research is needed on pet ownership’s effect on older adults specifically in regards to race.

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Mattsson, Sydner Ylva. "Den maktlösa måltiden : Om mat inom äldreomsorgen." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Domestic Sciences, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2534.

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In the Swedish elderly-care sector the institutions are of different character and the kind of care and food-supply they offer vary in scope and intensity. The aim of this study was to analyse how food and meals were handled and provided to the elderly living within those situations and in this context, how food was expressed as a substance or/and in symbols. This study focus on the social organisation that embraces the diet of the elderly and shapes the provisions of their meals, on the norms, values and behaviours of the different social identities in the organisation. The empirical work included in-depth interviews and participant observations in four different residential care homes, including various hierarchical levels, i.e. politicians and different personnel, in the organisation of food-supply to the elderly. In each care home different types of care and food-supply were studied, i.e. elderly having their meals in 24hour care, partime day care and those who ate in the restaurants. Generally, provision of meals was routine and meals were planned, prepared and served with little or no attention to what substanse and symbol it brought to the elderly. The elderly had limited possibilities to influence their own meals and those with the largest need of care, being the most fragile and sick had the least influence. The views of politicians and different personnel indicated that they considered themself powerless, which resulted in a "freedom of responsibility". It was obvious that there existed a clear discrepancy between how the informants considered the provision of food and meals should be organised and carried out, in comparison to reality. The current unsatisfactory provision of meals to the elderly is attributed to the marginalisation of specifically three areas: the symbolic value of food, the life and needs of the elderly and the traditional knowledge and experiences of women in their role as housewife and carer of the family.

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Rolt, Clóvis Da. "Um rio de muitas margens: sociabilidade, interações simbólicas e práticas de apropriação da arte." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2009. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2146.

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Esta pesquisa propõe como objeto de investigação as interações de sociabilidade entre participantes de um contexto de exposição de artes visuais do tipo Bienal, tendo como campo empírico a 6ª Bienal de Artes Visuais do Mercosul, evento ocorrido em Porto Alegre-RS, de 1º de setembro a 18 de novembro de 2007. Amparado nas premissas conceituais da teoria do interacionismo simbólico, o estudo busca discutir como se estruturam alguns aspectos relativos à sociabilidade, às práticas de apropriação, às representações e aos usos sociais da arte contemporânea num contexto expositivo de arte visuais do tipo Bienal.
This research proposes an investigation of sociability interactions among participants, who are situated in a context of a Biennial art exhibition type. The empirical field is focused in the 6th Mercosul Biennial, which happened in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), from September 1st to November 18th, 2007. Supported by the premises of the symbolic interaction theory, the study intends to discuss the structure of certain aspects related to sociability, to art appropriation practices, to representations and to social uses of the contemporary art in a context of the Biennial art exhibition type.

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López, Ruano Evaristo. "Espai, treball i relacions socials en un grup de treballadors metal•lúrgics de torn especial. Interacció simbòlica en marcs marginals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84155.

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La investigació té com a escenari els tallers de l'empresa de Manlleu (Barcelona) en què vaig treballar durant més d'una dècada. És un centre de treball d'una empresa multinacional amb un epicentre situat a Barcelona, però amb seu central als Estats Units. El tema central de la tesi són les relacions humanes que es produeixen dins d'una fàbrica de cables, en particular en espais considerats, d'entrada, com secundaris o marginals, com els vestidors o l'espai que se situa al voltant de màquines expenedores de cafè o begudes, allà on es produeixen les micro-activitats que són els fonaments de la construcció de la realitat social quotidiana. La perspectiva que adopta aquest estudi, per tant, és la pròpia de la tradició microsociològica de la qual Erving Goffman seria l'autor més significatiu i conegut. Els objectius del treball realitzat són deliberadament modestos. Es parla d'obrers, de l'empresa on treballen, l'espai de la fàbrica on desenvolupen la seva activitat i de l'organització de la qual formen part. Això implica que la realitat que es descriu i analitza és la pròpia d'allò que encara convindria cridar la classe obrera, de les dinàmiques consubstancials a una estructura productiva i d'un organigrama empresarial dedicat a la indústria metal•lúrgica.
Space, work and social relationships in a group of metalworkers’ special shift. Symbolic interaction in marginal frameworks. The research is staged in the workshops of a company in Manlleu (Barcelona) where I worked for over a decade. It is a workplace of a multinational company with an epicentre located in Barcelona, but with headquarters in the United States. The central themes of the thesis are the human relationships that occur within a cable factory, particularly in areas considered, in principle, as secondary or marginal, as the locker room or the space that is around coffee or drink machines, where occurs those micro-activities that are the foundations of the social construction of everyday reality. The approach adopted by this study, therefore, is typical of the traditional microsociology which Erving Goffman would be the most significant and known author. The objectives of the work are deliberately modest. It talks about workers, the company where they work, the factory space where they operate and the organization of which they are part. This implies that the reality here described and analyzed is the one about the "working class", the consubstantial dynamics to a production structure and a business organization dedicated to the metallurgical industry.

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Mohlin, Alice. "Professional Isolation and Connectedness in Computer Supported Cooperative Work Systems : A Focused Ethnographic Study of Knowledge Workers Working from Home." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105843.

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Both companies and individuals have observed positive effects after implementing working from home (WFH) practices as digital technology expands collaborative possibilities. As a result, the hybrid workplace has emerged as a sustainable possibility for future workplace solutions. In a hybrid workplace, the workforce is distributed between a co-located office and WFH to different extents, naturally inferring an intense use of collaborative technology in daily operations. However, despite reports of aforementioned positive effects, research show that the feeling of professional isolation (PI) is a reoccurring issue for knowledge workers WFH. And although the spread of the issue appears to be severe in literature, little is known about the effects that the collaborative technology actually has on the level of experienced PI. Within the interdisciplinary research field of CSCW (Computer-Supported Cooperative Work), collaborative information technology systems are studied from both technological and social perspectives. Thus, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of professional isolation in relation to the use of collaborative information technology systems, this study aims to explore how knowledge workers currently WFH experience and perceive the support of CSCW systems for communication in relation to PI. Based on a qualitative, focused ethnographic approach, nine knowledge workers from different companies and positions currently WFH were interviewed about their perceptions of CSCW systems for communication support in relation to PI. The empirical data that the interviews generated was subjected to a thematic analysis, from which five themes emerged and constituted the empirical findings. These themes were then analyzed in the light of the research questions and discussed with the concepts in the literature review as well as with a symbolic interactionist perspective. The results of this master’s thesis research show that most of the participants do not experience professional isolation as defined in literature, however, they display a loss of connectedness to co-workers when using the CSCW systems for communication support when working from home. The connectedness in question is achieved with ‘social interaction’, however, the research findings of this master’s thesis illustrate that ‘social interaction’ is not symbolically connected to any of the CSCW systems for communication support for the participants. Based on these research findings, it is proposed that ‘social interaction’ is not included in the concept of ‘communication’ within the field of CSCW. Furthermore, it is suggested that organizations aspiring to implement working from home (WFH), or hybrid workplace practices may want to re-evaluate current and future social activities within the CSCW systems for communication support based on the insights provided by the master’s thesis research study.

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Benson, Livia, and Heléne Hedberg. "Beyond cultural competence : How mental health and psychosocial support practitioners' perception of culture influence their work with Syrian refugees in Amman, Jordan." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-5357.

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Since the start of the Syrian war, Jordan has received many Syrian refugees with around 650,000 Syrians now residing in the country. As the state has received a lot of help from the international community, funding refugee camps and providing basic necessities, a lot of international humanitarian practitioners have come to Jordan to work alongside Jordanian and Middle Eastern practitioners. The situation therefore has brought practitioners from different academic, professional and geographical backgrounds together to work with people of a different cultural background than their own. Syrians represent a vast diversity in terms of ethnic, religious, linguistic and socio-economic backgrounds. Research have addressed that practitioners’ sensitivity to how cultural complexities may influence social problems can facilitate a better understanding of the client’s path to recovery. The purpose of our study was to increase the knowledge of mental health and psychosocial support practitioners’ understanding and experience of a culturally sensitive social work in Amman, Jordan and discuss how this affects their practice with Syrian refugees. Through qualitative interviews we found that the practitioners’ perception of Arab culture as one and the same makes culture a non-issue in terms of cultural diversity, and that this perception influence the practice with Syrian refugees in a number of ways.

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Pannier, Emmanuel. "“Có đi có lại mới toại lòng nhau" Circulation non marchande et relations sociales dans un village du delta du fleuve Rouge (Nord du Vietnam) : donner, recevoir et rendre pour s'allier." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3042/document.

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L'enjeu de cette recherche ethnologique consiste à saisir quelques traits et expressions de la socialité vietnamienne à travers l'étude de la circulation non marchande dans un village au Nord du Vietnam. La première partie vise à définir les manifestations concrètes, la nature et le fonctionnement de la circulation non marchande telle qu'elle se déploie dans le village. La deuxième partie s'attache à analyser les significations et les fonctions sociales de ce système de prestations symboliques. La description ethnographique de ce système montre qu'il s'affirme comme un dispositif de transferts ritualisés, selon lequel les agents sociaux donnent, lors d'occasions définies, à celui qui en a besoin au moment où il en a besoin. Ce système de dons cérémoniels est fondé sur l'entraide, la réciprocité des gestes et l'entretien de dettes morales. L'examen des rapports sociaux en jeu dans la circulation des dons permet de dresser une carte de l'organisation des relations sociales selon les degrés de proximité relationnelle. Cette étude se termine sur la fonction sociale de ces prestations réciproques, qui consiste à inaugurer et à perpétuer des relations tình cảm, c'est-à-dire des relations chargées d'affection spontanée et morale à la fois. En tant que dons d'alliance qui participent à réguler les relations personnelles, nous estimons que les transferts cérémoniels incarnent l'« instant fugitif où la société prend » (Mauss, 1999 : 275) en milieu rural au Nord du Vietnam. La conclusion tente une généralisation du propos à travers la description du giao lưu, qui consiste à se rencontrer et à échanger en vue d'actualiser, de sceller et de renforcer des relations sociales
The following ethnological research aims at grasping a few characteristic features of the Vietnamese principles of sociality, through the study of non-commercial transactions taking place in a village located in the Northern Vietnam. The first part of the doctoral thesis lists the forms, the practices and the nature of non-commercial transactions occurring in the village. The second part analyses the social meanings and functions of those symbolics transactions. The ethnographic description of the system shows that most of the transactions occurring are ritualized : on defined occasions, villagers give a gift to someone else in need and at the moment when they need it. Those non-commercial transactions can be defined as a system of ceremonial gif-giving based on mutual aid, gesture reciprocity, and moral debt. The study of the connections between the gifts given and the social relations involved in the transactions allow us to map out the organization of the social relations according to the degrees of closeness. This study ends with the analysis of the social function entailed by mutual gifts. Their role is mainly to create and strengthen tình cảm, relationships, that is to say relationships filled with spontaneous and moral feelings. Because those « bonding gifts » participate to the regulation of the personnel relationship in the village, we can consider that they embody that «fleeting moment when society sets » (Mauss, 1999: 275) in rural area in Northern Vietnam

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Sanè, Mame Massata. "Att bryta nya vägar : En intervjustudie om vägen från tungt missbruk till ett drogfritt liv." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för samhällsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-21672.

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Forskning visar att flera faktorer i individens miljö och karaktär har mycket stor betydelse när det gäller att sluta med missbruk. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur f.d. missbrukande kvinnor agerade för att ta sig ur tungt missbruk och hur de upplevde det sociala stödet ur ett genusperspektiv. För att fokusera på detta har författaren intervjuat personal om stödet som erbjuds inom frivård, socialtjänst och behandlingshem. Dessutom har författaren studerat vilken sorts stöd som personalen och kvinnorna i studien anser vara viktigast och hur samverkan mellan olika delar av den sociala sektorn fungerar. I arbetet har den kvalitativa metoden och narrativt och fenomenologiskt perspektiv använts. Studien har grundats på de f.d. missbrukande kvinnornas livshistorier. Undersökningen baseras på sex intervjuer och underlaget tolkades och jämfördes med tidigare forskning. Resultatet visar att det finns olika positiva faktorer som gjorde att kvinnorna lämnade sitt missbruk. Goda relationer till betydelsefulla människor i nätverket var en mycket viktig faktor för att de f.d. missbrukande kvinnorna skulle ta sig ur missbruket, liksom deras egen vilja. De har fått ett nytt synsätt på livet som bidrog till en inre förändring som var essentiell.
Research shows that several factors in an individual's environment and character are very important in the process of quitting and overcoming addiction. The study focuses on the former addicted women's life stories. The purpose of this study is to examine how previous addicted women managed to survive and overcome heavy addictions and as well as how they perceived social support from a gender perspective. The author of this thesis interviewed employees working within the probation office, social services and rehabilitation institution on the kind of support is offered to addicted women. In addition, the author also studied what kind of support was found most appropriate and important for women with substance of drug abuse problems and how effective the support treatment helps these women and as well as the interaction between different parts of the social sector works. This research is qualitative and it includes primary as well as secondary data applied from narrative and phenomenological perspective. The study is based on six interviews and documents were interpreted and compared with previous research. The results show that there were several positive factors that made the women leave their abusive addiction. A good relation with important people in their lives and network was a major factor for these former addicted women. Their contribution has helped them in many ways to overcome abusive addiction. They have also achieved a new outlook on life which in a way has contributed to an inner change.
La recherche prouve qu´il y a plusieurs éléments très importants dans l´environnement et le caractère d´un individu pour qu´il quitte son abus des stupéfiants. Le but de cette étude est d´examiner comment les anciennes toxicomanes ont agi pour terminer son abus des drogues dures et comment elles ont éprouvé le soutien social d´une perspective feminine. L´écrivain a interviewé le personnel de la mise à l´épreuve, du service d´aide sociale et de la maison du traitement sur leur avis et aussi les avis qu´avaient les anciennes toxicomanes du soutien offert. En outre, l´écrivain a étudié quelle espèce de soutien qu´était la plus importante pour les femmes, et comment a fonctionné la cooperation entre les différentes parties du secteur social. Dans cette étude, l´écrivain s´est servi de la méthode qualitative, d´une perspective narrative et phénoménologique. L´étude est basée sur les experience de la vie des anciennes toxicomanes. L´examen s´appuie sur six interviews, et la documentation a été interprétée et comparée avec la recherche déjà existante. Le resultat montre qu´il y avait des differents facteurs positifs qui ont invité aux femmes droguées de quitter son abus des stupéfiants. Des bonnes relations avec des gens importants dans le réseau, comme la volonté des femmes droguées, étaient des éléments trés essentiels pour que les anciennes toxicomanes puissent se libérer de la toxicomanie. Ells onts obtenu une nouvelle conception de vie qui leur a donner une change essentielle dans leur for intérieur.

2013-10-01

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Zinovieff, Fiona M. "Interaction of lexical-semantic and imagery representations." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/interaction-of-lexicalsemantic-and-imagery-representations(75423ae6-238f-4577-a935-e08dc4219c9c).html.

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We report a series of experiments using a new methodology to investigate the relationships between visual and verbal representations and the process of acquiring new semantic associations. Transfer of associative information between stimulus modalities was investigated by training paired associations between novel pictures and novel words. Our results showed that the transfer of associations is a symbolic process, occurring only when participants are aware of the correspondence between the visual and the verbal items afforded by the name relations. We also obtained evidence to suggest that symbolic associations develop more readily from picture associations than from word associations. We argue that this is evidence that semantic knowledge is grounded in perceptual experience. Our most striking result, replicated across experiments, is that transfer of associations between modalities only occurs when subjects have specific conscious awareness about the relationships among associations. This should have implications for cognitive theories of symbolic representation. The methods we developed to expose this phenomenon can be extended to examine those implications more thoroughly. We discuss some of these implications in the terms of competing and complementary cognitive and behavioural theories relating representation to perception and symbols. Dual coding models fit our modality-transfer results more readily than single semantic store models, but neither is well suited for interpreting our awareness results, or for iv discussing perceptual grounding of representation. The models of Deacon and Barsalou both focus on systems of distributed representations grounded in perception; the role of awareness in symbol acquisition in their models is discussed and contrasted with theories from the stimulus equivalence tradition of behaviourist research. From these considerations, we argue that implicit associations underpin symbolic associations, but that semantic knowledge is conscious knowledge about the patterns of association which link representations.

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Baghdadi, Leila. "Symbolic interactionism the role of interaction in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/642201302/viewonline.

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Santos, Matheus Lock. "Comunicações transversais : cruzamentos e confrontos de opiniões nas redes digitais sobre o preconceito pós-eleitoral." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/54505.

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A sociedade contemporânea, atravessada por tecnologias digitais de comunicação e informação (TDCI), experimenta um período de constantes mudanças nas suas formas de estruturação, organização e também nas suas materialidades, práticas e saberes. Parece haver uma complexificação da dinâmica das disputas simbólicas políticas, implicando em alterações de várias ordens, principalmente nas relações existentes entre campo político, esfera midiática e sociedade, introduzindo novos processos, sociabilidades, atores, grupos etc. Em função disso, este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como se estabelecem – nas esferas conversacionais dos blogs – as interações simbólicas, e como circulam, nas redes sociais digitais, as opiniões formadas nos embates opinativos e orientadas para a disputa na e pela opinião pública. Para tanto, por meio dos procedimentos metodológicos de análise de conteúdo e de análise de redes sociais, estudamos o episódio de racismo na internet contra os nordestinos, deflagrados pelos comentários da estudante Mayara Petruso logo após as Eleições Presidenciais do Brasil, publicados no dia 1º de novembro de 2010, tanto na plataforma Twitter, quanto no seu perfil do Facebook. Os resultados obtidos pelas análises demonstram uma série de potencialidades de ação proporcionadas pelas TDCI aos indivíduos, que possibilitam redimensionamentos dos capitais simbólicos, da esfera de visibilidade pública, do common, dos habitus individuais/coletivos e também da instância da opinião pública.
Given a context extremely surrounded by digital technologies of communication and information (DTCI), contemporary society is undergoing constant changes in its forms of structuring, organizing, and also in its materiality, practices and knowledge. From this, there seems to be a complexification of the dynamics of symbolic political disputes, resulting in changes of several orders, especially in the relations between the political field, media sphere and society, introducing into it new processes, sociability, actors, groups etc. As a result, this study aims to understand how the symbolic interactions are settled within the blog´s conversational sphere and how opinions formed within blogs circulate in digital social networks, leading to the symbolic dispute of public opinion. To achieve that, methods of content analysis and social networks were applied to study the episode of racism on the Internet against the Northeast Brazilian people, triggered by comments made on the 1st of November of 2010 - both on Twitter and Facebook - by the student Mayara Petruso, right after the presidential elections in Brazil. The results obtained by the analysis show a series of potential actions offered by DTCI to individuals, which enable the resizing of their symbolic capital and also on the realm of public visibility, in the common, in the individual/collective habitus and in the instance of public opinion.

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Hutchinson, Ronelle. "The symbolic construction of online community." Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9377.

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Whitham, Monica M. "Symbolic Social Network Ties and Cooperative Collective Action." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321334.

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A wealth of research on social life has examined the causes and consequences of social identity. I build on this literature by expanding the study of the concept beyond its current focus on how social identity manifests in the individual to a collective-level understanding of social identity as it manifests in groups. This is achieved by bridging the study of social identity with the study of social networks. In this dissertation, I argue that sharing a social identity that meets certain criteria serves as a type of connection which binds group members together into a collective unit. I refer to these connections as symbolic social network ties. Symbolic social network ties exist in social entities characterized by entitativity, which is the property of a social group that defines it as a coherent social unit—a social object in and of itself. Three criteria are necessary for a set of individuals to possess entitativity: boundedness, membership-based interaction, and the capacity to act and be acted upon as a manifest corporate actor in relation to other (individual and corporate) actors. Entitativity varies by degree across entities due to differences in the extent to which the entity exceeds minimal levels of the criteria defining entitativity. The effects of symbolic social network ties are a consequence of the combined effects of entitativity and social identity. To provide an initial assessment of the effects of symbolic social network ties on social life, in this dissertation I use a two-study approach to examine their impact on cooperative collective action. In Study 1, I use the experimental method to test the effects of symbolic social network ties, and social identity more broadly, on cooperation in generalized exchange. Generalized exchange is a form of collective action that is risky but has a number of benefits for collectivities and their members. I compare effects across three levels of social identity: no social identity, category-based social identity, and entity-based symbolic social network ties. Results strongly support my theoretical argument; entity-based symbolic social network ties have a stronger impact on cooperation than category-based social identity. Indeed, the level of cooperation in the category-based social identity condition is not significantly different from the level of cooperation found in the no social identity control condition. The second study uses survey data to assess whether the causal findings from Study 1 hold in the context of real world entities. In Study 2, I examine the relationship between symbolic social network ties and community involvement in small towns. Community involvement is a contextually specific form of collective action that can be vital to the success of a community. Specifically, I examine how variations in each of the three criteria of entitativity—boundedness, interaction, and corporate actor capacity—relate to residents’ propensity to participate in two forms of community involvement: voluntary participation in community improvement activities and active membership in local organizations. As predicted, I find that boundedness and interaction are positively related to both forms of community involvement; corporate actor capacity, however, was not found to be significantly related to either form of community involvement. Implications of these results and potential directions for future research are discussed.

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Cooley, Jamie A. "Symbolic Understanding of Children with Social Communication Impairments." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1313501692.

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Boostrom, Robert E. Singelmann Peter. "Symbolic interaction in brand equity theory the Ford Mustang as an abstract object /." Diss., UMK access, 2004.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Dept. of Sociology. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004.
"A thesis in sociology." Typescript. Advisor: Peter Singelmann. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Feb. 22, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-46). Online version of the print edition.

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Heitzmann, Daniela. "Pierre Bourdieu." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-220218.

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Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002) war ein französischer Ethnologe und Soziologe, der von 1981 bis 2001 einen Lehrstuhl für Soziologie am Collège de France innehatte. Sein zentrales Erkenntnisinteresse richtete Bourdieu auf die Beständigkeit der sozialen Verhältnisse, deren zentralen Mechanismus er im Phänomen der symbolischen Gewalt fand. Bourdieu beschreibt dabei, wie in der sozialen Praxis über Akte des Klassifizierens Herrschafts- und Machtverhältnisse konstituiert und perpetuiert werden. Als Beispiel schlechthin für die symbolische Gewalt benennt Bourdieu die „Männliche Herrschaft“. Die Rezeption dieses Konzepts ist in der deutschsprachigen Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung bis heute jedoch eher zurückhaltend.

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Rodriguez, Rafael. "Social creativity in 1 Peter symbolic universe and identity construction /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.

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Heitzmann, Daniela. "Pierre Bourdieu." Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15384.

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Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002) war ein französischer Ethnologe und Soziologe, der von 1981 bis 2001 einen Lehrstuhl für Soziologie am Collège de France innehatte. Sein zentrales Erkenntnisinteresse richtete Bourdieu auf die Beständigkeit der sozialen Verhältnisse, deren zentralen Mechanismus er im Phänomen der symbolischen Gewalt fand. Bourdieu beschreibt dabei, wie in der sozialen Praxis über Akte des Klassifizierens Herrschafts- und Machtverhältnisse konstituiert und perpetuiert werden. Als Beispiel schlechthin für die symbolische Gewalt benennt Bourdieu die „Männliche Herrschaft“. Die Rezeption dieses Konzepts ist in der deutschsprachigen Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung bis heute jedoch eher zurückhaltend.

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Grizou, Jonathan. "Apprentissage simultané d'une tâche nouvelle et de l'interprétation de signaux sociaux d'un humain en robotique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0146/document.

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Cette thèse s'intéresse à un problème logique dont les enjeux théoriques et pratiques sont multiples. De manière simple, il peut être présenté ainsi : imaginez que vous êtes dans un labyrinthe, dont vous connaissez toutes les routes menant à chacune des portes de sortie. Derrière l'une de ces portes se trouve un trésor, mais vous n'avez le droit d'ouvrir qu'une seule porte. Un vieil homme habitant le labyrinthe connaît la bonne sortie et se propose alors de vous aider à l'identifier. Pour cela, il vous indiquera la direction à prendre à chaque intersection. Malheureusement, cet homme ne parle pas votre langue, et les mots qu'il utilise pour dire ``droite'' ou ``gauche'' vous sont inconnus. Est-il possible de trouver le trésor et de comprendre l'association entre les mots du vieil homme et leurs significations ? Ce problème, bien qu'en apparence abstrait, est relié à des problématiques concrètes dans le domaine de l'interaction homme-machine. Remplaçons le vieil homme par un utilisateur souhaitant guider un robot vers une sortie spécifique du labyrinthe. Ce robot ne sait pas en avance quelle est la bonne sortie mais il sait où se trouvent chacune des portes et comment s'y rendre. Imaginons maintenant que ce robot ne comprenne pas a priori le langage de l'humain; en effet, il est très difficile de construire un robot à même de comprendre parfaitement chaque langue, accent et préférence de chacun. Il faudra alors que le robot apprenne l'association entre les mots de l'utilisateur et leur sens, tout en réalisant la tâche que l'humain lui indique (i.e.trouver la bonne porte). Une autre façon de décrire ce problème est de parler d'auto-calibration. En effet, le résoudre reviendrait à créer des interfaces ne nécessitant pas de phase de calibration car la machine pourrait s'adapter,automatiquement et pendant l'interaction, à différentes personnes qui ne parlent pas la même langue ou qui n'utilisent pas les mêmes mots pour dire la même chose. Cela veut aussi dire qu'il serait facile de considérer d’autres modalités d'interaction (par exemple des gestes, des expressions faciales ou des ondes cérébrales). Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une solution à ce problème. Nous appliquons nos algorithmes à deux exemples typiques de l'interaction homme robot et de l'interaction cerveau machine: une tâche d'organisation d'une série d'objets selon les préférences de l'utilisateur qui guide le robot par la voix, et une tâche de déplacement sur une grille guidé par les signaux cérébraux de l'utilisateur. Ces dernières expériences ont été faites avec des utilisateurs réels. Nos résultats démontrent expérimentalement que notre approche est fonctionnelle et permet une utilisation pratique d’une interface sans calibration préalable
This thesis investigates how a machine can be taught a new task from unlabeled humaninstructions, which is without knowing beforehand how to associate the human communicative signals withtheir meanings. The theoretical and empirical work presented in this thesis provides means to createcalibration free interactive systems, which allow humans to interact with machines, from scratch, using theirown preferred teaching signals. It therefore removes the need for an expert to tune the system for eachspecific user, which constitutes an important step towards flexible personalized teaching interfaces, a key forthe future of personal robotics.Our approach assumes the robot has access to a limited set of task hypotheses, which include the task theuser wants to solve. Our method consists of generating interpretation hypotheses of the teaching signalswith respect to each hypothetic task. By building a set of hypothetic interpretation, i.e. a set of signallabelpairs for each task, the task the user wants to solve is the one that explains better the history of interaction.We consider different scenarios, including a pick and place robotics experiment with speech as the modalityof interaction, and a navigation task in a brain computer interaction scenario. In these scenarios, a teacherinstructs a robot to perform a new task using initially unclassified signals, whose associated meaning can bea feedback (correct/incorrect) or a guidance (go left, right, up, ...). Our results show that a) it is possible tolearn the meaning of unlabeled and noisy teaching signals, as well as a new task at the same time, and b) itis possible to reuse the acquired knowledge about the teaching signals for learning new tasks faster. Wefurther introduce a planning strategy that exploits uncertainty from the task and the signals' meanings toallow more efficient learning sessions. We present a study where several real human subjects controlsuccessfully a virtual device using their brain and without relying on a calibration phase. Our system identifies, from scratch, the target intended by the user as well as the decoder of brain signals.Based on this work, but from another perspective, we introduce a new experimental setup to study howhumans behave in asymmetric collaborative tasks. In this setup, two humans have to collaborate to solve atask but the channels of communication they can use are constrained and force them to invent and agree ona shared interaction protocol in order to solve the task. These constraints allow analyzing how acommunication protocol is progressively established through the interplay and history of individual actions

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Vogel, Peggy MacLeod. "Biculturalism and Identity in Contemporary Gullah Families." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37496.

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A qualitative study, using an oral history method was completed. Seven participants (2 men, 5 women) of Gullah descent from the St. Helenaâ s Island and Charleston, South Carolina area were extensively interviewed. Symbolic interactionism provided the theoretical framework for the study. Findings included the recognition of the Gullah as a unique cultural group and the possible effects of slavery on identity formation for individuals as well as the Gullah community. Striking differences in physical space utilization between Gullah and non-Gullah residents were suggested. The presence of conflict between African and European beliefs and practices were seen in areas such as religious traditions, child rearing, and language. The pervasive effect of racism on identity and its relationship to biculturalism was discussed. Biculturalism appeared to be strongly related to survival as well as being an integral part of the participantsâ identities.
Ph. D.

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Sturgill, Aaron A. "An Investigation of College Men's and Women's Fashion Adoption Influenced by Celebrities." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1308166054.

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Routley, Claire Jane. "Leaving a charitable legacy : social influence, the self and symbolic immortality." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557147.

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Legacies provide a vital income stream to many charities, contributing £2 billion of charitable income to UK charities each year (Dobbs et al 2010). There is significant potential to increase this figure. Legacy Foresight (2007) estimate that, by 2050, the UK legacy market will be worth £5.2 billion a year, due largely to the demise of the babyboomer generation. Similarly, remarkably few individuals give at death, with only 8 per cent of people giving when they die, as opposed to the 80 per cent who give in life (Sargeant and Radcliffe 2007). Even a comparatively small increase in the percentage of those who give could provide valuable future income to non- profits: an increase from 8 to 12 per cent of decedents giving could provide an extra billion of charitable income a year (Dobbs et al 2010). However, despite the current importance of legacy income to charities and its future potential, legacy giving remains under-researched within the giving literature. There are, however, intriguing leads from the sociology, psychology and economics literatures around late-life planning and the process of identity maintenance and development in older age. This study uses a constructivist grounded theory approach to investigate two of these leads, the concepts of remembrance and generativity. The central question of this study is to investigate the concepts of remembrance and generativity to examine where leaving a charitable legacy fits within an individual's broader self concept and life narrative - their past, their present and their anticipated legacy (in its broadest sense). The data was acquired through depth interviews with people who had pledged a legacy to UK charity, Help the Aged. Three key influencers on legacy giving emerge from the interview data: social influence, the self and symbolic immortality. The research demonstrates the importance of external social influences, both on the will making process, and indeed, on the development of the individual throughout their life course. It also shows the importance of intrinsic motivators such as individual values and personal experiences which forge links with causes and charities throughout the life course. Finally, and perhaps most significantly, the research indicates how a charitable legacy can enable the giver to create a sense of symbolic immortality by making a difference to the world they leave behind. These three key themes, alongside other results from the research process, are drawn together to create a model of the legacy giving decision. The study concludes with suggestions for practitioners and for future research.

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Bishop, Martin. "Interpersonal relatedness, social understanding and symbolic play in congenitally blind children." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266080.

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Johnsson, Mick. "Food and culture among Bolivian Aymara symbolic expressions of social relations /." Uppsala : Stockholm, Sweden : [Uppsala University] ; Distributed by Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18245908.html.

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Kjørholt, Anne Trine. "Childhood as a social and symbolic space : discourses on children as social participants in society." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-472.

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The aim of the thesis is to explore discourses on "children as participants" by questioning and discussing constructions of children and childhood that seems to be taken for granted, and which in certain contexts seem to have attained a hegemonic position in recent years. One important task is to gain an insight into the existential conditions of these discourses, to contextualise them by exploring the social practices that are developed as part of these discourses. In this context, it is important to discuss how constructions of the child subject in discourses affect children, and how children handle and experience the new identities that are made available to them through the discourses.

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MacLeod, Angus. "Social identity, social change and the construction of symbolic boundaries in a West Highland settlement." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/789.

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In the last thirty years there have been very few systematic observations and analyses of everyday life at a local level. (see Bell and Newby, 1972) As a result our knowledge of local sub-cultures is seriously outdated (E. S. R. C., 1982,13) and we are not maintaining an up to date social history of our own times. However, Bulmer, in an article entitled "The Rejuvenation of Community Studies? " (1985) and Willmott (1986) have both identified "some sign that the study of localities is being revived". (Bulmer, 1985,433) This thesis, a sociological account of contemporary rural life in part of the Scottish Highlands, is a distinctive contribution to that revival. The analysis proceeds on a number of levels and shows several signs of originality. It is more than a simple ethnography. By examining change and social process it goes beyond previous static and structural studies to analyse the implications that indigenous perceptions of identity and 'belonging' have for the nature of social process in a particular locality. Important differences from other localities and locality studies are recognised and social identity, rather than social structure, is the key element in explaining people's involvement in social change and the processes of daily life, and is the central issue around which the thesis develops. Analysing the division that exists between 'locals' and 'incomers' in Fearnbeg involves operating at an advanced level with the interaction of symbols and actions. (While this is not a new challenge, its manifestation with regard to this location is unique). The thesis demonstrates that the most important social division in Fearnbeg society cannot be explained in structural terms alone. The core dicthotomy, and why Fearnbeg people think and behave in the ways they do, can only be understood in terms of cultural and symbolic boundaries.

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Kagolobya, Richard. "Symbolic interaction and intercultural theatre performance dynamics in Uganda : the case of Makerere Universitys Intercultural Theatre Collaborations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96034.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation investigates and examines the dynamics of intercultural theatre practice. Existing scholarship on interculturalism in theatre praxis regards intercultural theatre as a site for bridging cultures and cross-cultural performance traditions, and for investigating the performance of power between the collaborating parties, learning, cultural imperialism, cultural translation and hybridity, among other features. However, much of the existing literature does not offer a historical perspective allowing one to understand the dynamics of contemporary North-South collaborations. Moreover, most studies do not adequately weave the experiences of the participants in such collaborations into their analyses. This study contributes to filling that research gap. This research specifically seeks to investigate and examine the dynamics of intercultural theatre collaborations in Uganda, taking Makerere University‘s Department of Performing Arts and Film‘s intercultural theatre activities in recent years as case studies. The inquiry was mainly driven by the impetus to explore the North-South intercultural theatre dynamics and to examine the socio-cultural, socio-political, socio-economic features and other notions that were manifested in these intercultural theatre collaborations and performances. In order to pursue the above line of inquiry I used a multiple case study design by examining three cases: the Stanford-Makerere, New York-Makerere and the Norwegian College of Dance-Makerere collaborations. The multi-case study model was reinforced by the use of personal interviews, direct observation, focus group discussions, document analysis and emails of inquiry in order to solicit the views of individuals who had participated in the above collaborations. Theoretically, the study is hinged on a multiplicity of concepts and discourses: symbolic interaction, intercultural communication, theatre studies, postcolonial studies, international education and the discourse on globalisation. In the analysis of the different cases it was discovered that the issue of economic inequality in the contribution towards the funding of the collaborations, among the different modes of power performativity manifested in the collaboration processes, sometimes leads to an imbalance in the decision-making process. Consequently, the power imbalance contributes to the North-South intercultural theatre collaborations‘ unending crisis of identification with imperialism. The study further shows that there are cultural, linguistic, pedagogical, structural and socio-psychological aspects of difference that are negotiated during the course of the collaborations. It was found that the process of navigating the socio-cultural differences provides the participants with an experiential learning environment of living with/within and appreciating cultural differences, thus providing a bridge across the socio-cultural divide. The cultural bridge in theatrical terms, however, leads to the generation of theatrical hybridity and fusion, which again brings into play the debate on intercultural performance authenticity/inauthenticity in theatre discourse. Also, based on the view that intercultural theatre collaborations are microcosms of multifaceted global intercultural interactions, it was seen that the socio-cultural differences that are negotiated through the intercultural theatre collaborations can give one a microcosmic platform for critiquing the grand concept of the ―global village‖ and the associated notion of ―world cultural homogenisation‖. Since this study uses a novel multidisciplinary approach in the analysis of intercultural theatre phenomena, I believe it will contribute to critical theatre studies in Uganda and elsewhere. The findings will also hopefully contribute towards the assessment of intercultural theatre collaborations at Makerere University in order to improve them. The study will also advance the view that intercultural theatre‘s aesthetic and experiential processes can help in interpreting and understanding our respective multicultural environments. Broadly, it will contribute to the discourse on intercultural communication, performance and cultural studies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif ondersoek die dinamika van interkulturele teaterpraktyk. Bestaande navorsing oor interkulturaliteit in die teaterpraktyk beskou interkulturele teater as ‘n forum vir die oorbrugging van kultuurgrense en interkulturele opvoeringstradisies, en vir die ondersoek na aangeleenthede soos die uitvoering van mag tussen die deelnemende partye, leer, kulturele imperialisme, kulturele vertaling en hibriditeit. Die bestaande literatuur bied egter grotendeels nie ‘n historiese perspektief waaruit die dinamika van kontemporêre Noord-na-Suid-samewerkings verstaan kan word nie. Verder verweef die meeste ondersoeke nie die ervarings van die deelnemers aan sulke samewerkings bevredigend in hul analises nie. Hierdie ondersoek dra by tot die vul van daardie navorsingsgaping. Hierdie navorsing poog spesifiek om die dinamika van interkulturele teatersamewerkings in Uganda te ondersoek deur van onlangse interkulturele teateraktiwiteite aan die Departement Uitvoerende Kuns en Film aan die Makerere Universiteit gebruik te maak as gevallestudies. Die beweegrede vir die ondersoek is hoofsaaklik die verkenning van die dinamika van interkulturele Noord-na-Suid-teatersamewerking en ‘n ondersoek na die sosio-kulturele, sosio-politiese en sosio-ekonomiese kenmerke en ander opvattinge wat in hierdie interkulturele teatersamewerkings en -opvoerings gemanifesteer het. Om hierdie ondersoek te onderneem, het ek drie gevalle in ‘n meervoudigegevallestudie-ontwerp bestudeer: die samewerkings tussen onderskeidelik Stanford en Makerere, New York en Makerere, en die Norwegian College of Dance en Makerere. Die meervoudigegevalle-ontwerp is versterk deur die gebruik van persoonlike onderhoude, direkte waarneming, fokusgroepgesprekke, dokumentanalise en e-posnavrae in ‘n poging om die opvattings van individue wat aan die bogenoemde samewerkings deelgeneem het, te verkry. Teoreties is die studie gefundeer in ‘n veelvoud konsepte en diskoerse: simboliese interaksie, interkulturele kommunikasie, teaterstudies, postkoloniale studies, internasionale opvoedkunde en die diskoers oor globalisering. In die analise van die verskillende gevalle is bevind dat die kwessie van ekonomiese ongelykheid in bydraes tot die befondsing van samewerkings, onder die verskillende modusse van magsperformatiwiteit wat in die samewerkingsprosesse gemanifesteer het, soms ‘n wanbalans in die besluitnemingsproses tot gevolg het. Gevolglik dra hierdie magswanbalans by tot die nimmereindigende krisis van identifikasie met imperialisme waaronder interkulturele Noord-na-Suid-teatersamewerkings gebuk gaan. Die ondersoek toon verder dat daar kulturele, linguistiese, pedagogiese, strukturele en sosio-psigologiese verskille is wat oorkom moet word vir suksesvolle samewerkings om plaas te vind. Daar is bevind dat die hantering van sosio-kulturele verskille die deelnemers van ‘n eksperimentele leeromgewing voorsien vir die belewing en waardering van kultuurverskille, waardeur die sosio-kulturele skeiding oorbrug word. Die kulturele brug lei egter, in toneelmatige terme, na die ontwikkeling van toneelmatige hibriditeit en versmelting, wat weer die debat oor die outentisiteit al dan nie van interkulturele opvoerings in die teaterdiskoers aktiveer. Verder is daar, gebaseer op die siening dat interkulturele teatersamewerkings mikrokosmosse van veelvlakkige globale interkulturele interaksie is, bevind dat die sosio-kulturele verskille wat deur interkulturele teatersamewerkings oorkom word, ‘n mikrokosmiese platform kan voorsien vir die kritisering van die begrip van die sogenaamde ―wêrelddorpie‖ en verwante nosies van wêreldwye kulturele homogenisering. Aangesien hierdie ondersoek ‘n nuwe multidissiplinêre benadering tot die analise van interkulturele teaterverskynsels gebruik, glo ek dit sal bydra tot die teaterkritiek in Uganda en elders. Die bevindinge sal hopelik bydra tot die assessering van interkulturele teatersamewerkings aan Makerere Universiteit om hulle te verbeter. Die ondersoek sal ook die siening voortdra dat interkulturele teater se estetiese en ervaringsprosesse kan help met die interpretasie en verstaan van ons onderskeie multikulturele omgewings. Breedweg sal dit bydra tot die diskoers oor interkulturele kommunikasie, opvoering en kultuurstudie.

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Roberts, Lynne D. "Social interaction in virtual environments." Curtin University of Technology, School of Psychology, 2001. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12792.

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The rapid growth of the internet over the past decade has provided increasing opportunities for individuals to engage in computer-mediated social interaction in virtual environments. Despite this rapid growth there has been limited research into the way people use the Internet, and the effect Internet use has on their lives (Kraut, 1996). The overall aim in the research presented in this thesis was to explore how characteristics of the individual interact with characteristics of computer-mediated communication to enable socio-emotional communication and behaviour in social text-based virtual environments. Three studies are presented. Studies One and Two are qualitative studies of social interaction in two text-based, synchronous ('real time') virtual environments: MOOs (Multi User Dimensions, Object Oriented) and Internet Relay' Chat (IRC). Grounded Theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) methodology was used to develop formal theories of social interaction within these environments. Stage models of virtual environment use were developed that described changes in social interaction over time. In MOOs, changes in social interaction over time reflected the process of coming to terms with what was initially viewed by users as an alternative reality. In IRC the central feature of social interaction that emerged was the perceived ease of communication. This was attributed to the effortlessness of meeting a wide range of potential communication partners in a social context where the communication itself was simplified to text only communication. The hypotheses developed from the qualitative research in Studies One and Two were tested in Study Three. This was a longitudinal study of new Internet users that examined the bi-directional effects of personality characteristics and computer-mediated communication on behaviour. Personality measures were poor predictors of time spent in ++
both specific types of virtual environments and on-line in general. Based on the usage patterns across the three studies a decision pathway for the use of virtual environments was developed. A key finding across the studies was the potential for virtual environments to enhance psychological well-being for individuals who experience social discomfort in off-line settings. Limitations of the research were discussed and suggestions made for future research.

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Miles, Lynden K. "Smiles, affordances, and social interaction." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4765.

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This thesis describes a program of research designed to investigate the sensitivity of perceivers to the ontological distinctions between simulated expressions of happiness unrelated to positive emotional experience, or, posed smiles, and spontaneous, veridical expressions of positive affect, or, genuine smiles. Importantly, this research was conducted from within the theoretical framework of Gibsonian ecological psychology, an alternative approach to the information processing theories that dominate contemporary psychological theorising. Four experiments were conducted that employed an original set of ecologically valid facial displays generated specifically for the present research. In Experiments I a and 1 b, it was demonstrated that when jUdging from either photographs or video, participants could determine whether a smile reflected a positive emotional experience or not. Furthermore, for both of these studies, participants exhibited a bias toward misidentifying posed smiles that expose the teeth as genuine smiles. Experiment 2 also revealed findings consistent with the notion that perceivers are sensitive to the meaningful differences between posed and genuine smiles. In this study, participants were required to judge the valence of a series of target words, each of which was preceded by a briefly presented facial expression (i.e. a prime). The results of this study indicated that the identification of positive words was facilitated when preceded by a genuine smile, but not a posed smile. Experiment 3 was conducted to further investigate how such sensitivity may be manifest in regard to guiding effective social interaction. PartiCipants were required to play several rounds of the Prisoners' Dilemma game with partners (actually video recordings) exhibiting Xll either posed or genuine smiles. The results of this experiment indicated that genuine smiles facilitated cooperative interaction, but posed smiles did not. The results of all four experiments are discussed in terms of the functionality provided by accurate social perception with regard to the acquisition of information specifying the emotional state, and more broadly, the dispositional properties of conspecifics. Finally, these results will be considered in terms of the ecological conceptualisation of psychological activity, with an emphasis on the social affordances specified by posed and genuine smiles respectively.

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Esbjörnsson, Mattias. "Enhanced social interaction in traffic /." Göteborg : IT University of Göteborg, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40113268r.

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Gong, Jyh-Chyi. "The dynamics of social interaction /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9804527.

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Pallamin, Nico. "Social interaction in virtual reality." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/331/.

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L'interaction sociale en univers virtuel est un domaine émergent en l'informatique et en sciences sociales. L'objectif de cette recherche était de qualifier ce qu'est une interaction sociale et d'identifier les conditions que doit fournir un environnement virtuel pour qu'effectivement, cette interaction sociale puisse se dérouler (se co-construire). Nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés à la dimension non verbale de la communication ainsi qu'à l'articulation entre animation intentionnelle et non intentionnelle. Alors qu'une grande partie des travaux dans ce domaine est basée sur un paradigme d'interaction entre humain et avatar, notre approche concerne l'interaction entre des avatars animés par des humains. Notre objectif était d'identifier un ensemble de règles d'interaction susceptibles de respecter deux principes fondamentaux de l'interaction sociale : la réflexivité et l'indexicalité. C'est la mise en œuvre de ces deux principes qui permettent aux acteurs humains de co-construire le sens de leur interaction en temps réel. Plutôt que de représenter toutes les fonctions cognitives humaines, nous avons développé un moteur d'animation capable de reproduire la dimension dynamique de l'interaction sociale. Ce moteur permet de gérer la fusion entre l'animation intentionnelle produite par l'acteur humain et les animations autonomes de l'avatar. La validation de notre modèle est basée sur une analyse ethnométhodologique visant à comparer les interactions sociales entre interlocuteurs en situation réel et en univers virtuel
Virtual reality is an emerging technology that has proved its great potentiality in various fields. In these last years, researchers start to investigate the problem of realistic and effective social interaction in virtual worlds. The aim of our research is to improve the level of efficiency of virtual communication focusing mostly on the role of non-verbal communication. Our approach is mostly based on non-deterministic social theories that stress the role of emergence and contextual intelligence in contraposition of the classical cognitive modelling and plan-based artificial intelligence. Considering the limits of artificial intelligence to reproduce in an effective way the complexity of human social interaction, we decide to develop an architecture able to leave the user free to exploit all his contextual intelligence to drive the social interaction. In such way we are able to grant that the characteristics of reflexivity and indexicality are taken in care during the interaction. The result of our work is a virtual environment in which a set of basic social interaction rules partially drive the behaviours of the avatars. The virtual reality platform includes an animation system that handle the priority between the animations driven by the automatic modules and the one controlled by the user. The user in then always in control of his avatar and can stop the automatic animations at any moment via his voluntary control. The validation of the model is based on a series of ethnomethodological analysis performed to directly compare similar social interactions between users in real world and in virtual environments

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social and symbolic interaction'

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