Journal articles: 'Snowy River'

1

Bohince, P. "Snowy River Visions." Literary Imagination 10, no. 2 (October 27, 2007): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litimag/imm117.

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Miller, Claire. "Saving the Snowy River." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1, no. 1 (February 2003): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3867955.

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Hejduk, Agnieszka, and Leszek Hejduk. "Thermal and snow conditions of winters and winter floods on example of Zagożdżonka River." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 46, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sggw-2014-0001.

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Abstract Thermal and snow conditions of winters and winter floods on example of Zagożdżonka River. Thermal and snowy conditions in Zagożdżonka River catchment during hydrological years 2003-2013 and winter floods are presented in paper. The meteorological and hydrological data, such as maximum, minimum, mean diurnal air temperatures, daily snow cover depth, and water discharge, collected at Czarna station (WULS-SGGW) have been used. Meteorological conditions were analyzed using indexes proposed by Paczos. Temperate cold and extraordinarily low snowy winters has dominated in Zagożdżonka catchment in presented period of time. Winter floods as a result of snowmelt have been observed almost each year, except 2008 when winter was mild and extremely low snowy. The relation between winter severity index (WOz) and winter snowiness index (WSn) has been estimated, as well as the relation between winter snowiness index and maximum discharge (Qmax).

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Griffiths, Tom. "The Man from Snowy River." Thesis Eleven 74, no. 1 (August 2003): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07255136030741002.

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Waters, Jonathan M., Michael Shirley, and Gerard P. Closs. "Hydroelectric development and translocation of Galaxias brevipinnis: a cloud at the end of the tunnel?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-195.

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Two major drainages of southeastern Australia, the Snowy River and the Murray River, were artificially linked by a major hydroelectric project during the early 20th century. This development diverts Snowy River flow into tributaries of the Murray River via a series of extensive tunnels. In 1990, fish surveys of the upper Murray River system recorded Galaxias brevipinnis, an aggressive migratory species previously unrecorded from the drainage. We used genetic analysis to discriminate between alternative hypotheses for Murray River G. brevipinnis: (i) anthropogenic translocation via the Snowy River diversion or (ii) a previously undiscovered natural population. Landlocked G. brevipinnis from the Murray River (43 fish, eight control region haplotypes) and Snowy River (39 fish, 11 haplotypes) exhibit similar levels of mtDNA diversity, share six haplotypes, and are not significantly differentiated for microsatellite loci (p = 0.0884). Coastal samples exhibit higher haplotypic diversity (40 fish, 20 haplotypes) but share only three haplotypes with Murray River and are significantly differentiated from Murray River samples for microsatellite loci (p = 0.0008). Our data are consistent with the translocation hypothesis but are generally inconsistent with a natural origin for Murray River G. brevipinnis. The suggested human-mediated translocation represents a risk to native fauna.

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Erskine, W. D., L. M. Turner, N. Terrazzolo, and R. F. Warner. "Recovery of the Snowy River: Politics and River Rehabilitation." Australian Geographical Studies 37, no. 3 (November 1999): 328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8470.00091.

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7

Brooks, Andrew J., Matthew Russell, Robyn Bevitt, and Matthew Dasey. "Constraints on the recovery of invertebrate assemblages in a regulated snowmelt river during a tributary-sourced environmental flow regime." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 12 (2011): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11128.

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The impacts of river regulation on aquatic biota have been extensively studied, but long-term assessments of the restoration of biota by environmental flows and the principal mechanisms of recovery have rarely occurred. We assessed whether the provision of an environmental flow regime (EFR) via the decommissioning of an aqueduct on a tributary stream altered downstream macroinvertebrate assemblages in the highly regulated Snowy River, Australia. Macroinvertebrate assemblages of the Snowy River, reference and control sites remained distinct despite the provision of environmental flows. Invertebrate assemblages detrimentally affected by regulation probably remained impaired due to either constraints on colonisation from the tributary stream (dispersal constraints) or unsuitable local environmental conditions in the Snowy River caused by flow regulation (e.g. high levels of fine sediments, elevated temperature regime) suppressing new colonists or recovery of extant populations. Our study showed that restoration may be ineffective if EFRs are too small to ameliorate local environmental factors constraining the recovery of affected biota. Other barriers to recovery, such as dispersal constraints, also need to be overcome. Successful restoration of regulated rivers using environmental flows requires an understanding of the mechanisms and pathways of recovery, together with identification and amelioration of any potential barriers to recovery.

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8

McLean, Errol J., and Jon B. Hinwood. "Response of the Snowy River Estuary to two environmental flows." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 127, no. 2 (2015): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs15016.

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The Snowy River is a major river in south-eastern Australia, discharging to the Tasman Sea via a barrier estuary, with its entrance constricted by marine sands. Since the construction of the Snowy Mountains Scheme, river flows have not been sufficient to maintain the river channel. A program of environmental flow releases (EFR) is returning water to the river to restore the fluvial reaches and is now trialling flow regimes that may also benefit the estuarine reaches. This paper documents the response of the estuarine segments of the Snowy River to two EFRs; the release in 2010 was designed to scour the upper reaches of the Snowy River while the larger 2011 release was intended to extend the scouring downstream. For each release, the effects on the entrance morphology, tides and salinity through the flow peak and recovery are described. Each EFR caused minor increases in depth and very minor longshore movement of the entrance channel, although each EFR had been preceded by a larger fresh flow that would have scoured the channels. The small increase in fresh water inflow in the 2010 EFR pushed salinity contours seawards and steepened vertical salinity gradients. The larger inflow in the 2011 EFR purged the upper estuary of saltwater. After the peak flow, salinity recovery was rapid in the principal estuarine channels but took weeks where poorly connected wetlands could store fresh flood waters. Critical flows for scouring the entrance and purging salinity are estimated.

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9

Hinwood, Jon B., and Errol J. McLean. "Large wood in the Snowy River estuary, Australia." Geomorphology 279 (February 2017): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.023.

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10

Ma, X., H. Kawase, S. Adachi, M. Fujita, H. G. Takahashi, M. Hara, N. Ishizaki, et al. "Simulating river discharge in a snowy region of Japan using output from a regional climate model." Advances in Geosciences 35 (July 2, 2013): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-35-55-2013.

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Abstract. Snowfall amounts have fallen sharply along the eastern coast of the Sea of Japan since the mid-1980s. Toyama Prefecture, located approximately in the center of the Japan Sea region, includes high mountains of the northern Japanese Alps on three of its sides. The scarcity of meteorological observation points in mountainous areas limits the accuracy of hydrological analysis. With the development of computing technology, a dynamical downscaling method is widely applied into hydrological analysis. In this study, we numerically modeled river discharge using runoff data derived by a regional climate model (4.5-km spatial resolution) as input data to river networks (30-arcseconds resolution) for the Toyama Prefecture. The five main rivers in Toyama (the Oyabe, Sho, Jinzu, Joganji, and Kurobe rivers) were selected in this study. The river basins range in area from 368 to 2720 km2. A numerical experiment using climate comparable to that at present was conducted for the 1980s and 1990s. The results showed that seasonal river discharge could be represented and that discharge was generally overestimated compared with measurements, except for Oyabe River discharge, which was always underestimated. The average correlation coefficient for 10-year average monthly mean discharge was 0.8, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.56 to 0.88 for all five rivers, whereas the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient indicated that the simulation accuracy was insufficient. From the water budget analysis, it was possible to speculate that the lack of accuracy of river discharge may be caused by insufficient accuracy of precipitation simulation.

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11

Colwell, M. A., C. B. Millett, J. J. Meyer, J. N. Hall, S. J. Hurley, S. E. McAllister, A. N. Transou, and R. R. LeValley. "Snowy Plover reproductive success in beach and river habitats." Journal of Field Ornithology 76, no. 4 (October 2005): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-76.4.373.

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12

Erskine, Wayne D., Lisa M. Turner, and Teresa A. Rose. "Sedimentological and geomorphological effects of the 1997 and 1998 flood sequence on the Lower Snowy River, Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 128, no. 2 (2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs16010.

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Three floods with flood peak ratios (peak discharge/mean annual flood) ranging between 0.65 and 5.35 occurred on the lower Snowy River in Victoria between June 1997 and August 1998. The June 1998 flood was the largest event downstream of the Rodger River junction where the flood peak ratio was >4. Pre- and post-flood investigations were carried out at the three Snowy River benchmarking sites in Victoria (McKillops Bridge, Sandy Point and Bete Bolong) to determine the impact of the floods on channel-boundary sediments and morphology. Few significant changes in graphic grain-size statistics for channel-boundary sediments were found at McKillops Bridge and Sandy Point. At Bete Bolong, there were many significant changes in the grain-size statistics of both the bed material and bank sediment. The variance and mean of a number of benchfull and bankfull channel morphologic parameters (width, area, mean depth, maximum depth, width‒maximum depth ratio) did not change significantly at McKillops Bridge and Sandy Point. At Bete Bolong, benchfull mean depth and area increased significantly due to bed degradation. Floods with a flood peak ratio of at least 4 are important for mobilising channel-boundary sediments and hence modifying channel morphology on the lower Snowy River.

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13

Hunt, Kelsi L., Nuray Taygan, Daniel H. Catlin, Joy H. Felio, and James D. Fraser. "Demography of Snowy Plovers (Charadrius nivosus) on the Missouri River." Waterbirds 36, no. 2 (June 2013): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.036.0211.

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14

Pigram, John J. "Options for rehabilitation of Australia's Snowy River: an economic perspective." Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 16, no. 4 (2000): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1646(200007/08)16:4<363::aid-rrr610>3.0.co;2-i.

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15

Martin, L. J. "Total Environment Centre, Australian Conservation Foundation and Snowy River Alliance." Australian Geographical Studies 37, no. 3 (November 1999): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8470.00092.

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16

Goldney, D. "Developing A Management Plan for The Thredbo River Platypuses." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 2 (1998): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98304.

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A management strategy to conserve platypuses in the Thredbo River has been developed for the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. The Thredbo River flows through a multi-use land system with headwaters in the wilderness area of the Kosciusko National Park. A range of recreational activities dominated by skiing interests centre around Thredbo Village and the Ski-Tube link and their associated infrastructure. Further down the valley the predominant land use on the southern side of the river is grazing on private land. The river's historic confluence with the Snowy River is now the site of Lake Jindabyne, part of the Snowy River Hydro-electric Scheme. The dam wall is assumed to be an impenetrable barrier to platypus movement. The plan was developed on the basis of: *Characterising some aspects of platypus population biology in a 2-year study; * comparing these data with limited baseline data; *Observing and interpreting the impacts of a major flood event on population dynamics coinciding with the ' melt' phenomenon; *Identifying likely impacts on the platypus population particularly in relation to water quality and siltation-sanding and determining the probable trends of these impacts. It was then possible to suggest actions to ameliorate impacts on the platypus.

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17

White, Leanne. "The Man from Snowy River: Australia's Bush Legend and Commercial Nationalism." Tourism Review International 13, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427209789604633.

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18

Erskine, Wayne D., N. Terrazzolo, and R. F. Warner. "River rehabilitation from the hydrogeomorphic impacts of a large hydro-electric power project: Snowy River, Australia." Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 15, no. 1-3 (January 1999): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1646(199901/06)15:1/3<3::aid-rrr532>3.0.co;2-r.

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19

Barrows, Timothy T., John O. Stone, L. Keith Fifield, and Richard G. Cresswell. "Late Pleistocene Glaciation of the Kosciuszko Massif, Snowy Mountains, Australia." Quaternary Research 55, no. 2 (March 2001): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2216.

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AbstractLate Pleistocene glaciation of the Australian mainland was restricted to a small area of the southeastern highlands. Geomorphic mapping of the area and exposure dating using thein situproduced cosmogenic isotope10Be provides evidence for at least two distinct glaciations. The Early Kosciuszko glaciation consisted of a single glacier advance before 59,300 ± 5400 years ago (Snowy River Advance). The Late Kosciuszko glaciation comprised three glacier advances 32,000 ± 2500 (Headley Tarn Advance), 19,100 ± 1600 (Blue Lake Advance), and 16,800 ± 1400 years ago (Mt. Twynam Advance). The Early Kosciuszko glaciation was the most extensive and the Late Kosciuszko advances were progressively less extensive. These periods of glaciation in the highlands correspond to episodes of periglacial activity and peaks in lake levels and river discharge at lower elevations in southeastern Australia. Glacier advances on the Kosciuszko Massif correlate with advances in Tasmania, South America, and New Zealand and are broadly representative of hemispheric climate changes during the last glacial cycle.

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20

McLean, Errol, and Jon Hinwood. "SALINITY RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW RELEASE IN ESTUARIES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 31, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.papers.60.

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The Snowy River in southern Australia has been impacted by flow diversion since the construction of a dam in the upper catchment, constructed between 1955 and 1967. As part of a monitoring program the effects of two flow releases were studied in 2010 and 2011. The estuarine component of the monitoring and the estuarine modelling phase of the Snowy River Increased Flows Program has been presented. The impact on the estuarine salinity distribution for the selected flow releases is reported and a subsequent modelling exercise outlined. A simple numerical model has been used to simulate about 100 events in a mature barrier estuary, from which a sequence of response types has been identified. The occurrence of each response type has been related to the duration, inflow volume and peak flow rate of the inflow event and to relevant parameters of the estuary. It has been found that the salinity changes may be classified in terms of a dimensionless "estuary flushing parameter" E, which represents the ratio of the direct flushing by the river inflow to the tidal exchange.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/76fefltUCro

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21

Glendining, N. S., and C. A. Pollino. "Development of Bayesian Network Decision Support Tools to Support River Rehabilitation Works in the Lower Snowy River." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 18, no. 1 (January 2012): 92–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2012.631472.

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22

Eun-Wha Park. "Buying Fish on a Snowy River: An Enduring Theme of Winter Landscape." KOREAN JOURNAL OF ART HISTORY 266, no. 266 (June 2010): 221–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31065/ahak.266.266.201006.008.

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23

Walker, Andrew. "Restoring flows on Australia's Snowy River: assessing the impacts on local amenity." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 21, no. 2 (June 2003): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154603781766383.

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24

Ossa, Paul, Brendan Marshall, and Cathie Webb. "New Guinea II Cave: A Pleistocene site on the Snowy River, Victoria." Archaeology in Oceania 30, no. 1 (April 1995): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.1995.tb00325.x.

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Wheeler, Peter J., Thi T. Nguyen, Jim Peterson, and Lee Gordon-Brown. "Morphological Change at the Snowy River Ocean Entrance, Victoria, Australia (1851–2008)." Australian Geographer 40, no. 1 (March 2009): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049180802656945.

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26

Dibike, Yonas B., and Paulin Coulibaly. "TDNN with logical values for hydrologic modeling in a cold and snowy climate." Journal of Hydroinformatics 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2008.049.

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Watershed runoff in areas with heavy seasonal snow cover is usually estimated using physically based conceptual hydrologic models. Such simulation models normally require a snowmelt algorithm consisting of a surface energy balance and some accounting of internal snowpack processes to be part of the modeling system. On the other hand, artificial neural networks are flexible mathematical structures that are capable of identifying such complex nonlinear relationships between input and output datasets from historical precipitation, temperature and streamflow records. This paper presents the findings of a study on using a form of time-delayed neural network, namely time-lagged feedforward neural network (TLFN), that implicitly accounts for snow accumulation and snowmelt processes through the use of logical values and tapped delay lines. The logical values (in the form of symbolic inputs) are used to implicitly include seasonal information in the TLFN model. The proposed method has been successfully applied for improved precipitation–runoff modeling of both the Chute-du-Diable reservoir inflows and the Serpent River flows in northeastern Canada where river flows and reservoir inflows are highly influenced by seasonal snowmelt effects. The study demonstrates that the TLFN with logical values is capable of modeling the precipitation–runoff process in a cold and snowy climate by relying on ‘logical input values’ and tapped delay lines to implicitly recognize the temporal input–output patterns in the historical data. The study results also show that, once the appropriate input patterns are identified, the time-lagged neural network based models performed quite well, especially for spring peak flows, and demonstrated comparable performance in simulating the precipitation–runoff processes to that of a physically based hydrological model, namely HBV.

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McLean, Errol J., Jon B. Hinwood, and Simon A. Williams. "Response of a barrier estuary to climate change and river regulation using attractor analysis: Snowy River estuary, Australia." River Research and Applications 34, no. 8 (August 21, 2018): 1095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.3342.

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28

Rose, Teresa, Wayne Erskine, and Brett Miners. "Channel recovery in a regulated river: Effects of an experimental and natural flood in the Snowy River, SE Australia." River Research and Applications 36, no. 4 (August 20, 2019): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.3452.

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29

Theobald, Alison, Hamish McGowan, Johanna Speirs, and Nik Callow. "A Synoptic Classification of Inflow-Generating Precipitation in the Snowy Mountains, Australia." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 8 (August 2015): 1713–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0278.1.

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AbstractPrecipitation falling in the Snowy Mountains region of southeastern Australia provides fuel for hydroelectric power generation and environmental flows along major river systems, as well as critical water resources for agricultural irrigation. A synoptic climatology of daily precipitation that triggers a quantifiable increase in streamflow in the headwater catchments of the Snowy Mountains region is presented for the period 1958–2012. Here, previous synoptic-meteorological studies of the region are extended by using a longer-term, year-round precipitation and reanalysis dataset combined with a novel, automated synoptic-classification technique. A three-dimensional representation of synoptic circulation is developed by effectively combining meteorological variables through the depth of the troposphere. Eleven distinct synoptic types are identified, describing key circulation features and moisture pathways that deliver precipitation to the Snowy Mountains. Synoptic types with the highest precipitation totals are commonly associated with moisture pathways originating from the northeast and northwest of Australia. These systems generate the greatest precipitation totals across the westerly and high-elevation areas of the Snowy Mountains, but precipitation is reduced in the eastern-elevation areas in the lee of the mountain ranges. In eastern regions, synoptic types with onshore transport of humid air from the Tasman Sea are the major source of precipitation. Strong seasonality in synoptic types is evident, with frontal and cutoff-low types dominating in winter and inland heat troughs prevailing in summer. Interaction between tropical and extratropical systems is evident in all seasons.

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30

Colwell, Mark A., Susan J. Hurley, James N. Hall, and Stephen J. Dinsmore. "Age-Related Survival and Behavior of Snowy Plover Chicks." Condor 109, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 638–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/109.3.638.

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AbstractAbstract. Precocial young often experience high mortality prior to achieving flight, especially in the first days after hatching. We quantified relationships between chick age, survival, behavior, and response to natural and anthropogenic danger for the threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) in coastal northern California, USA. Plover chicks were most likely to die in the first three days of their 28-day prefledging period, especially on sandy ocean beaches compared to coarser substrates of river habitats. Chick survival in both habitats increased across the ∼120-day chick-rearing period. Improved survival of older chicks coincided with an age-related reduction in brooding and increased distance from the tending parent, which was not related to season. Lower survival of younger chicks was correlated with a tendency to lie motionless when approached by humans; nearly all older chicks responded to human approach by running to evade danger. Chicks of all ages were more likely to lie motionless when potential avian predators flew nearby. Age-dependent survival of Snowy Plover chicks paralleled a trend of increasing development, thermal independence from adults, and capability of evading predators.

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31

SAKATA, Yoshitaka, Hiroyuki UEHARA, Kazuhisa A. CHIKITA, Makoto NAKATSUGAWA, Tomohito J. YAMADA, Keisuke KUDO, and Tomohide USUTANI. "REGIONAL REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF DROUGHT RIVER DISCHARGES IN SNOWY COLD AREAS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) 72, no. 5 (2016): I_253—I_264. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejer.72.i_253.

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32

McCausland, Shane. "Discourses of Visual Learning in Yuan Painting: The Case of Luo Zhichuan's 'Snowy River'." Journal of Song-Yuan Studies 42, no. 1 (2013): 375–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sys.2013.0003.

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Agnihotri, Jetal, and Paulin Coulibaly. "Evaluation of Snowmelt Estimation Techniques for Enhanced Spring Peak Flow Prediction." Water 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051290.

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Water resources management and planning requires accurate and reliable spring flood forecasts. In cold and snowy countries, particularly in snow-dominated watersheds, enhanced flood prediction requires adequate snowmelt estimation techniques. Whereas the majority of the studies on snow modeling have focused on comparing the performance of empirical techniques and physically based methods, very few studies have investigated empirical models and conceptual models for improving spring peak flow prediction. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of empirical degree-day method (DDM) to effectively and accurately predict peak flows compared to sophisticated and conceptual SNOW-17 model at two watersheds in Canada: the La-Grande River Basin (LGRB) and the Upper Assiniboine river at Shellmouth Reservoir (UASR). Additional insightful contributions include the evaluation of a seasonal model calibration approach, an annual model calibration method, and two hydrological models: McMaster University Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning (MAC-HBV) and Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting model (SAC-SMA). A total of eight model scenarios were considered for each watershed. Results indicate that DDM was very competitive with SNOW-17 at both the study sites, whereas it showed significant improvement in prediction accuracy at UASR. Moreover, the seasonally calibrated model appears to be an effective alternative to an annual model calibration approach, while the SAC-SMA model outperformed the MAC-HBV model, no matter which snowmelt computation method, calibration approach, or study basin is used. Conclusively, the DDM and seasonal model calibration approach coupled with the SAC-SMA hydrologic model appears to be a robust model combination for spring peak flow estimation.

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Bull, Stuart W., and R. A. F. Cas. "Depositional controls and characteristics of subaqueous bedded volcaniclastics of the Lower Devonian Snowy River Volcanics." Sedimentary Geology 74, no. 1-4 (November 1991): 189–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(91)90040-k.

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35

Wu, Jingwen, Haiyan Zheng, and Yang Xi. "SWAT-Based Runoff Simulation and Runoff Responses to Climate Change in the Headwaters of the Yellow River, China." Atmosphere 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2019): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090509.

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Runoff in snowy alpine regions is sensitive to climate change in the context of global warming. Exploring the impact of climate change on the runoff in these regions is critical to understand the dynamics of the water cycle and for the improvement of water resources management. In this study, we analyzed the long-term variations in annual runoff in the headwaters region of the Yellow River (HRYR) (a typical snowy mountain region) during the period of 1956–2012. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with different elevation bands was employed to assess the performance of monthly runoff simulations, and then to evaluate the impacts of climate change on runoff. The results show that the observed runoff for the hydrological stations at lower relative elevations (i.e., Maqu and Tangnaihai stations) had a downward trend, with rates of 1.91 and 1.55 mm/10 years, while a slight upward trend with a rate of 0.26 mm/10 years was observed for the hydrological station at higher elevation (i.e., Huangheyan station). We also found that the inclusion of five elevation bands could lead to more accurate runoff estimates as compared to simulation without elevation bands at monthly time steps. In addition, the dominant cause of the runoff decline across the whole HRYR was precipitation (which explained 64.2% of the decrease), rather than temperature (25.93%).

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Claytongreene, KA, and DH Ashton. "The Dynamics of Callitris columellaris/Eucalyptus albens Communities Along the Snowy River and Its Tributaries in South-Eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 38, no. 4 (1990): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900403.

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The vegetation in the rain shadow areas of the Snowy River region was studied. Five distinct woodland communities were recognised from a numerical classification, a community dominated by C. columellaris at lower altitudes on north and west aspects, three mixed C. columellaris/E. albens communities which are also aspect and altitude dependent, and a higher altitude, cool aspect, E. albens dominated community. Although C. columellaris and E. albens occupy separate niches, they compete strongly. Contrasting dispersal and germination behaviour between the two species may explain the current distribution and structure of these woodlands.

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37

Giles, Robyn L., Andrew N. Drinnan, and Neville G. Walsh. "Variation in Phebalium glandulosum subsp. glandulosum: morphometric and anatomical evidence (Rutaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 21, no. 4 (2008): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb07023.

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Specimens of Phebalium glandulosum Hook. subsp. glandulosum representing the entire geographic range of the subspecies were examined for morphological and anatomical variation. Phenetic patterns were identified with the pattern analysis package PATN, and three distinct groups were identified. One group consists of plants from inland areas of New South Wales, north-western Victoria, and the Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas of South Australia; a second group consists of plants collected from alongside the Snowy River in eastern Victoria and south-eastern New South Wales; and a third group consists of plants from Queensland and northern New South Wales. The climate analysis program BIOCLIM was used to compare climate variables across the geographic range, and showed clear climatic separation in support of the phenetic analysis. The three groups are formally recognised here as distinct subspecies. Plants from Queensland and the Bourke region of northern New South Wales belong to the typical subspecies; plants from north-western Victoria, central New South Wales, and the Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas of South Australia form a cohesive assemblage and are recognised as a new subspecies P. glandulosum subsp. macrocalyx; and plants from the Snowy River in far eastern Victoria and the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales form a distinct and isolated group recognised as a new subspecies P. glandulosum subsp. riparium. These new subspecies are formally described, and an identification key and summaries distinguishing all six subspecies of P. glandulosum are presented.

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TAKADA, Ken-ichi, Makoto NAKATSUGAWA, and Yasuhiro MURAKAMI. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A RIVER BASIN CONDITIONS AND THE HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS AND WATER QUALITY COMPONENTS OF THE RIVER IN A SNOWY, COLD REGION." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 49 (2005): 1603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.49.1603.

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Lucas-Picher, Philippe, Philippe Riboust, Samuel Somot, and René Laprise. "Reconstruction of the Spring 2011 Richelieu River Flood by Two Regional Climate Models and a Hydrological Model." Journal of Hydrometeorology 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0116.1.

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Abstract Climate simulations made with two regional climate models (RCMs), the French Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International (ALADIN) and the Canadian Regional Climate Model, version 5 (CRCM5), operating on 10-km meshes for the period 1989–2011, and the Hydro-Québec hydrological model (HSAMI), are used to reconstruct the spring 2011 Richelieu River flood in the southern region of the province of Québec, Canada. The analysis shows that the simulated fields of 2-m air temperature, precipitation, and snow water equivalent by the RCMs closely match the observations with similar multiyear means and a high correlation of the monthly anomalies. The climatic conditions responsible for the 2011 flood are generally well simulated by the RCMs. The use of multidecadal RCM simulations facilitates the identification of anomalies that contributed to the flood. The flood was linked to a combination of factors: the 2010/11 winter was cold and snowy, the snowmelt in spring was fast, and there was a record amount of precipitation in April and May. Driven by outputs from the RCMs, HSAMI was able to reproduce the mean hydrograph of the Richelieu River, but it underestimated the peak of the 2011 flood. HSAMI adequately computes the water transport from the mountains to the river mouth and the storage effect of Lake Champlain, which dampens the flood over a long period. Overall, the results suggest that RCM simulations can be useful for reconstructing high-resolution climate information and providing new variables that can help better understand the causes of extreme climatic events.

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Mishra, Abha R., and Chitra Bahadur Baniya. "Ichthyofaunal Diversity and Physico-Chemical Factors of Melamchi River, Sindhupalchok, Nepal." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (November 24, 2016): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v21i1.16031.

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The fish community and physico-chemical properties at five sites of Melamchi River were studied monthly from January 2011 to December 2013. Melamchi River is one of tributaries larger Indrawati River basin, originates from the high snowy Jugal Mountain (5,875 m asl). Eleven fish species within two orders and five families were recorded. Cypriniformes was found to be the most dominant order with ten fish species. Schizothorax plagiostomus was the most common fish species followed by Neolissochilus hexagonolepis, and Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis. Shannon Wiener fish diversity index and species richness recorded were highest at site 2 and lowest at site 5, whereas, evenness index was highest at site 3. The cluster analysis revealed that similarity between fish species decreased as the distance between the sites increased. Fish species were found distributed among four groups with respect to the significant habitat characteristics in the redundancy analysis (RDA). River water was found well-oxygenated and alkaline at all sites. However, high level for turbidity (43.25/ NTU) was observed at site 5, which exceeded compliance levels of WHO indicating the influence of intensive agriculture and deforestation along river area. To improve fish diversity and water quality of this river proper monitoring and management are an urgent need.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 21, Issue 1, August 2016, Page: 10-18

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Jukes, Scott, Alistair Stewart, and Marcus Morse. "Acknowledging the agency of a more-than-human world: material relations on a Snowy River journey." Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education 22, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42322-019-00032-8.

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KUDO, Keisuke, Makoto NAKATSUGAWA, and Yuma CHIDA. "RESEARCH ON EVALUATION OF THE WATER TEMPERATURE CHANGE IN SNOWY COLD RIVER BASED ON GLOBAL WARMING SCENARIOS." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 74, no. 5 (2018): I_37—I_42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.74.5_i_37.

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Schmidt, P. W., B. J. J. Embleton, and H. C. Palmer. "Pre- and post-folding magnetizations from the early Devonian Snowy River Volcanics and Buchan Caves Limestone, Victoria." Geophysical Journal International 91, no. 1 (October 1987): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1987.tb05218.x.

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Stoessel, Daniel J., John R. Morrongiello, Tarmo A. Raadik, Jarod P. Lyon, and Michael D. Nicol. "Determinants of year class strength and growth of estuary perch Macquaria colonorum in a highly regulated system." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 11 (2018): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17367.

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Because fish are sensitive indicators of flow alteration, a detailed knowledge of the response of fish to flows is crucial to the sound management of regulated river systems. Estuary perch are a catadromous, long-lived, estuarine-dependant percichthyid. Here, we relate otolith-derived recruitment and growth histories of individuals of the species in the highly regulated river to hydrologic, climatic and demographic variables. Year class strength was positively related to high flows over the spawning season and in a negative curvilinear way to flows in the austral winter, in addition to cooler annual temperatures in general. Flows benefiting recruitment of estuary perch are best timed to occur in austral winter in addition to the spawning season. Without a substantial increase in the volume of environmental water, large recruitment events will remain dependent on sizable natural catchment-generated inflows. On the basis of our findings, climate change predictions of lower rainfall and higher temperatures in south-east Australia may result in prolonged periods of recruitment failure in the region, and have significant implications for the viability of not only the population of estuary perch in the Snowy River, but also southern populations of the species in general.

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Li, F., C. Dyt, C. M. Griffiths, C. Jenkins, M. Rutherford, and J. Chittleborough. "SEABED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND OFFSHORE PIPELINE RISKS IN THE AUSTRALIAN SOUTHEAST." APPEA Journal 45, no. 1 (2005): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj04040.

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The Australian seabed is influenced by extreme weather conditions of various types: cyclones, high tidal ranges, offshore currents and storm waves. In the past two centuries substantial progress in our understanding of the seabed and environmental conditions has been made by studies of the seabed sedimentology, hydrodynamics, and through habitat mapping. As part of the CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship program the authors are involved in a new fiveyear study to investigate and predict the effect of possible climate change scenarios on the seabed in the next 50 years. Those changes will assess undersea infrastructure installations such as pipelines in a changed regime of seafloor stability, burial, erosion and abrasion.As an initial phase of this project the authors have extrapolated the current climatic conditions into the next 50 years. It was found that (under an extension of present day climatic conditions):the majority of terrigenous sediment carried down by major rivers (Murray River, Snowy River, Tamar River, etc) is trapped in the inland lakes or estuaries. Only a marginal fraction of fine grain sediment reaches the continental shelf;a high energy wave climate, significant tidal currents, and the frequent surges of wind-driven currents make the local seabed highly mobile and sensitive to the modern hydrodynamic changes. Both results imply that an exposed pipeline may suffer from local scour and fatigue damage due to oscillatory loads induced by vortex shedding behind the pipelines; andthere are several high risk zones in the region where turbidity current and submarine slope failure post a great threat to offshore pipelines.The next phase of the project will be to provide testable predictions of the changes under a variety of global warming scenarios.

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Jiang, C. M., J. J. Lu, and L. J. Lu. "Analysis of Single-Vehicle Crash Injury Severities in Urban River-Crossing Road Tunnels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 743 (March 2015): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.743.526.

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Based on the originally unprocessed data from the Official Platform of“110”Alarming Receiving Center (OP110ARC) of Shanghai Public Security Bureau (SPSB), 529 single-vehicle crashes reported during one year and a half which happened at the thirteen urban road tunnels going across the Huangpu River are used in this study. To investigate the factors affecting the crash influence severity levels, ordered probit regression is established. Several categories of factors are considered as explanatory variables in the models. The study finds that the entrance of the tunnels is the site where severe injury crashes trend to occur. Rainy and snowy days impose vehicles and motorists driving via the tunnel sections in danger. Tunnels with a low speed limit (40 km/h in this study) may be not as safe as we thought before. Two-wheel vehicles without sufficient physical protection for its drivers and heavy vehicles also show a negative effect on the operation safety of single-vehicle at these studied tunnels. Alcohol involved drivers are more likely to suffer from a severe crashes and gets badly hurt.

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MacGregor, Angus J., Peter A. Gell, Peter J. Wallbrink, and Gary Hancock. "Natural and post-European settlement variability in water quality of the lower Snowy River floodplain, eastern Victoria, Australia." River Research and Applications 21, no. 2-3 (2005): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.841.

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Florentine, S. K., P. Milberg, M. Gibson, and M. Westbrooke. "Post-wildfire seedling colonisation patterns in a Eucalyptus delegatensis (Myrtaceae) windthrow site at Snowy River National Park, Victoria." Australian Forestry 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2008.10676270.

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Sproles, Eric A., Ryan L. Crumley, Anne W. Nolin, Eugene Mar, and Juan Ignacio Lopez Moreno. "SnowCloudHydro—A New Framework for Forecasting Streamflow in Snowy, Data-Scarce Regions." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081276.

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We tested the efficacy and skill of SnowCloud, a prototype web-based, cloud-computing framework for snow mapping and hydrologic modeling. SnowCloud is the overarching framework that functions within the Google Earth Engine cloud-computing environment. SnowCloudMetrics is a sub-component of SnowCloud that provides users with spatially and temporally composited snow cover information in an easy-to-use format. SnowCloudHydro is a simple spreadsheet-based model that uses Snow Cover Frequency (SCF) output from SnowCloudMetrics as a key model input. In this application, SnowCloudMetrics rapidly converts NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily snow cover product (MOD10A1) into a monthly snow cover frequency for a user-specified watershed area. SnowCloudHydro uses SCF and prior monthly streamflow to forecast streamflow for the subsequent month. We tested the skill of SnowCloudHydro in three snow-dominated headwaters that represent a range of precipitation/snowmelt runoff categories: the Río Elqui in Northern Chile; the John Day River, in the Northwestern United States; and the Río Aragón in Northern Spain. The skill of the SnowCloudHydro model directly corresponded to snowpack contributions to streamflow. Watersheds with proportionately more snowmelt than rain provided better results (R2 values: 0.88, 0.52, and 0.22, respectively). To test the user experience of SnowCloud, we provided the tools and tutorials in English and Spanish to water resource managers in Chile, Spain, and the United States. Participants assessed their user experience, which was generally very positive. While these initial results focus on SnowCloud, they outline methods for developing cloud-based tools that can function effectively across cultures and languages. Our approach also addresses the primary challenges of science-based computing; human resource limitations, infrastructure costs, and expensive proprietary software. These challenges are particularly problematic in countries where scientific and computational resources are underdeveloped.

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Florentine, S. K., and M. E. Westbrooke. "Effects of windthrow on a stand ofEucalyptus delegatensis(Myrtaceae) and early understorey succession at Snowy River National Park, Victoria." Australian Forestry 67, no. 1 (January 2004): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2004.10676206.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Snowy River'

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