Journal articles on the topic 'SNF monitoring'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: SNF monitoring.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'SNF monitoring.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Mrabat, Samia, Hanane Baybay, and Zakia Douhi. "Isolated café-au-lait macules: Think of neurofibromatosis type V." Our Dermatology Online 12, no. 4 (October 19, 2021): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20214.32.
Full textAbstract:
Sir, Segmental neurofibromatosis (SNF) is a rare form of neurofibromatosis (NF) with a reported prevalence of 0.0014%–0.002%. It is included in Riccardi’s classification as type V NF [1]. It is characterized by café-au-lait macules and/or neurofibromas distributed in only one dermatome, less commonly in two or more dermatomes [2]. Roth et al. reclassified SNF into four subtypes: true SNF, localized SNF with deep involvement, hereditary SNF, and bilateral SNF. A limited number of cases of SNF have been reported with systemic involvement, such as visceral neurofibromas, skeletal abnormalities, and renal agenesis [1]. Laser therapy may be performed if an aesthetic demand arises. Herein, we report a case of SNF in a young boy with no systemic disease. An eleven-year-old male was sent by his pediatrician for skin spots that appeared at the age of four. The young patient came from a non-consanguineous marriage and had no family history of skin disease. A general physical examination revealed normal parameters, such as weight, size, intelligence, speech, auditory function, and visual acuity. A dermatological examination found unilateral café-au-lait macules with a ranging size of 1 to 5 mm in the right half of the trunk with no crossing of the midline (Figs. 1a and 1b). We thoroughly examined the boy and found no other features of neurofibromatosis, including neurofibromas, neurological deficits, or bone abnormalities. We assured the patient and his parents that this was a benign disease, so the risk of developing any disease-related complications was low. Annual monitoring was started. No therapy was proposed because the patient expressed no aesthetic demands.
2
Januario, Thomas, Xiaofen Ye, Russell Bainer, Bruno Alicke, Tunde Smith, Benjamin Haley, Zora Modrusan, Stephen Gould, and Robert L. Yauch. "PRC2-mediated repression of SMARCA2 predicts EZH2 inhibitor activity in SWI/SNF mutant tumors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 46 (October 30, 2017): 12249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703966114.
Full textAbstract:
Subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex are frequently mutated in human cancers leading to epigenetic dependencies that are therapeutically targetable. The dependency on the polycomb repressive complex (PRC2) and EZH2 represents one such vulnerability in tumors with mutations in the SWI/SNF complex subunit, SNF5; however, whether this vulnerability extends to other SWI/SNF subunit mutations is not well understood. Here we show that a subset of cancers harboring mutations in the SWI/SNF ATPase, SMARCA4, is sensitive to EZH2 inhibition. EZH2 inhibition results in a heterogenous phenotypic response characterized by senescence and/or apoptosis in different models, and also leads to tumor growth inhibition in vivo. Lower expression of the SMARCA2 paralog was associated with cellular sensitivity to EZH2 inhibition in SMARCA4 mutant cancer models, independent of tissue derivation. SMARCA2 is suppressed by PRC2 in sensitive models, and induced SMARCA2 expression can compensate for SMARCA4 and antagonize PRC2 targets. The induction of SMARCA2 in response to EZH2 inhibition is required for apoptosis, but not for growth arrest, through a mechanism involving the derepression of the lysomal protease cathepsin B. Expression of SMARCA2 also delineates EZH2 inhibitor sensitivity for other SWI/SNF complex subunit mutant tumors, including SNF5 and ARID1A mutant cancers. Our data support monitoring SMARCA2 expression as a predictive biomarker for EZH2-targeted therapies in the context of SWI/SNF mutant cancers.
3
Potapov, V. V., and V. A. Ilin. "STATISTICS OF FAILURES AND MONITORING OF THE STATE OF POOLS AND PROTECTIVE HERMETIC FENCES OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 269 (November 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.11.pp.014-019.
Full textAbstract:
Assessment of the technical condition of the main systems and structures is one of the main stage tasks of technical diagnostics of NPP elements. One of the important elements of the hermetic volume of the protective shells of nuclear power plants is a storage pool (SP) of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). For provision of SNF storage the appropriate systems and structures are used: SNF handling system, SP cooling system and SP by itself. Pools are made of monolithic reinforced concrete with stainless steel lining intended to retain cooling water (boric acid solution) and protect the concrete from direct effect of aggressive environments. Emergency leaks may occur through the SP lining during operation of a nuclear power plant. Materials used for pool structures must be radiation resistant and resistant to a boric acid solution. The structure of the storage pool must be earthquake-proof, must allow monitoring of emergency leaks and maintain a controlled water level in case of leaks for the time period until the fuel will be discharged. Features of failures during operation, results of research and recommendations for extending the service life of storage pools at domestic nuclear power plants with VVER are considered. Assessment of the technical condition of the main structures of the SP provides for specialized research. Thus, the SP survey generally involves visual and instrumental examination of the bottom lining, internal lining, as well as concrete walls and bottom.
4
Potapov, V. V., and V. A. Ilin. "STATISTICS OF FAILURES AND MONITORING OF THE STATE OF POOLS AND PROTECTIVE HERMETIC FENCES OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 269 (November 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.11.pp.014-019.
Full textAbstract:
Assessment of the technical condition of the main systems and structures is one of the main stage tasks of technical diagnostics of NPP elements. One of the important elements of the hermetic volume of the protective shells of nuclear power plants is a storage pool (SP) of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). For provision of SNF storage the appropriate systems and structures are used: SNF handling system, SP cooling system and SP by itself. Pools are made of monolithic reinforced concrete with stainless steel lining intended to retain cooling water (boric acid solution) and protect the concrete from direct effect of aggressive environments. Emergency leaks may occur through the SP lining during operation of a nuclear power plant. Materials used for pool structures must be radiation resistant and resistant to a boric acid solution. The structure of the storage pool must be earthquake-proof, must allow monitoring of emergency leaks and maintain a controlled water level in case of leaks for the time period until the fuel will be discharged. Features of failures during operation, results of research and recommendations for extending the service life of storage pools at domestic nuclear power plants with VVER are considered. Assessment of the technical condition of the main structures of the SP provides for specialized research. Thus, the SP survey generally involves visual and instrumental examination of the bottom lining, internal lining, as well as concrete walls and bottom.
5
Yunanto, Tedi, Farisatul Amanah, and Nabila Putri Wisnu. "The possibility of reclamation criteria success in Indonesia: soil condition, vegetation structure and species composition." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 9, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 3201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2021.091.3201.
Full textAbstract:
There are two regulations for mine reclamation success in the forestry area in Indonesia, namely Minister of Forestry Regulation No. P.60/Menhut-II/2009 and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No. 1827.K/30/MEM/2018. Both regulations rule vegetation and soil success. This study aims to analyse criteria parameters from both regulations in the mine reclamation and compare them to the surrounding secondary natural forest (SNF). This study was conducted in 6 six types of mine reclamation stand structures: 1, 4, 6, 9, 11-year-old plantation and SNF using 1 hectare of the circular plot each (total 6 ha). Soil samples were collected from 40 cm depth to analyse physical, biological and chemical conditions. Mine reclamation areas had almost similar physical, biological and chemical soil conditions with SNF. Nevertheless, due to the potential acid-forming (PAF) material from overburden, the 1-year-old plantation had pH = 3.23-3.27. The highest diversity index and the number of species and families in all reclamation areas were H’ = 1.82 (11-year-old); 14 species (9-year-old); and 11 families (9-year-old), comparing with SNF were H’ = 3.48; 67 species, and 31 families. Conversely, vegetation structure parameters in mine reclamation areas were higher than SNF (diameter at height breast (DBH; 1.3 m) = 28.42 cm; tree density = 469/ha; basal area = 35.04 m2/ha; and total height = 16.85 m). Compared to the SNF, vegetation structure and soil conditions are mostly possible for mine reclamation success. Still, species composition needs to be considered further as a standard interval to meet the criteria.
6
Riester, Melissa R., Elliott Bosco, Joe B. B. Silva, Barbara H. Bardenheier, Parag Goyal, Emily T. O’Neil, Robertus van Aalst, Ayman Chit, Stefan Gravenstein, and Andrew R. Zullo. "Causes and timing of 30-day rehospitalization from skilled nursing facilities after a hospital admission for pneumonia or sepsis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): e0260664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260664.
Full textAbstract:
Background Pneumonia and sepsis are among the most common causes of hospitalization in the United States and often result in discharges to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) for rehabilitation. We described the timing and most common causes of 30-day unplanned hospital readmission following an index hospitalization for pneumonia or sepsis. Methods and findings This national retrospective cohort study included adults ≥65 years who were hospitalized for pneumonia or sepsis and were discharged to a SNF between July 1, 2012 and July 4, 2015. We quantified the ten most common 30-day unplanned readmission diagnoses and estimated the daily risk of first unplanned rehospitalization for four causes of readmission (circulatory, infectious, respiratory, and genitourinary). The index hospitalization was pneumonia for 92,153 SNF stays and sepsis for 452,254 SNF stays. Of these SNF stays, 20.9% and 25.9%, respectively, resulted in a 30-day unplanned readmission. Overall, septicemia was the single most common readmission diagnosis for residents with an index hospitalization for pneumonia (16.7% of 30-day readmissions) and sepsis (22.4% of 30-day readmissions). The mean time to unplanned readmission was approximately 14 days overall. Respiratory causes displayed the highest daily risk of rehospitalization following index hospitalizations for pneumonia, while circulatory and infectious causes had the highest daily risk of rehospitalization following index hospitalizations for sepsis. The day of highest risk for readmission occurred within two weeks of the index hospitalization discharge, but the readmission risk persisted across the 30-day follow-up. Conclusion Among older adults discharged to SNFs following a hospitalization for pneumonia or sepsis, hospital readmissions for infectious, circulatory, respiratory, and genitourinary causes occurred frequently throughout the 30-day post-discharge period. Our data suggests further study is needed, perhaps on the value of closer monitoring in SNFs post-hospital discharge and improved communication between hospitals and SNFs, to reduce the risk of potentially preventable hospital readmissions.
7
Ertan, Seda, and Rahmi Nurhan Çelik. "The Assessment of Urbanization Effect and Sustainable Drainage Solutions on Flood Hazard by GIS." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042293.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid and uncontrolled changes in land use patterns due to urbanization negatively affect urban rainfall-runoff processes and flood hazard. In this study, a method that included different sustainable drainage solutions, such as green infrastructure (GI) usage for flood hazard mitigation with various scenarios on a geographic information system (GIS) platform within a 1653 ha catchment of the Kağıthane Stream in İstanbul, Turkey is presented. Developed scenarios are as follows: scenario one (SN1) is the current situation; scenario two (SN2) used green roof application for buildings and a permeable surface for roads; scenario three (SN3) used only green roof application for buildings; scenario four (SN4) used a rainwater barrel for collecting roof water, a swale canal for collecting road water, and added additional structures to open areas to observe urbanization; scenario five (SN5) considered multiple GI implementations; and scenario six (SN6) considered full urbanization. The results indicate that greener infrastructure implementation provides benefits in reducing both the runoff coefficient and the peak flowrate, and the flood inundation area and number of structures affected by flood risk were decreased. The integrated evaluation system, which consisted of the geographic information system and the assessment of the 1D HEC-RAS hydrologic model, was applied to evaluate the GI usage and flood mitigation.
8
Уйба, В., V. Uyba, М. Сневе, M. Sneve, А. Самойлов, A. Samoylov, Н. Шандала, et al. "Regulation of the spent nuclear fuel management at the andreeva bay site for temporary storage on the kola peninsula." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 62, no. 4 (September 7, 2017): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59b10531b5b9a1.53751147.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: To share the experience in regulation of radiation safety and protection of workers involved in management of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and radioactive waste (RW), as well as radiation protection of the population and environment in the vicinity of sites for temporary storage at Andreeva Bay on the Kola Peninsula.
Material and methods: Spent fuel from Russian nuclear powered submarines has been stored at shore based facilities for more than 20 years, notably at Andreeva Bay. The storage facilities were for some years poorly maintained and a significant fraction of the fuel that is still in store at the site wais damaged. Over the last years, hugemuch work has been done to improve the technical infrastructure and prepare for removal of the SNF from the temporary stores, management of existing RW.
Results: This paper presents progress with projects of the FMBA of Russia and NRPA cooperation for regulation of radiation safety and protection. During the researches, the following issues were addressed: radiological threat assessment to identify the priority directions of regulation; detailed analysis of the radiation situation on sites, at the territories and nearby the sites; radiation control and monitoring of the environmental conditions; development of the computer maps and geo-information system; emergency preparedness and response; improvement of radiation safety culture; etc.
Based on the received results of monitoring and assessment of the current risks, site-specific regulatory documents have been developed for the bodies and institutions under the FMBA of Russia involved in the activities to control the facility. Those documents include the requirements for: radiation protection of workers and population; personal dose monitoring; the RW management including the very low level RW; implementation of the environmental monitoring; radiation monitoring nearby the Andreeva Bay SevRAO facility; and remediation of the sites as remediation criteria and regulations.
The next stage of work is to carry out the regulation of large-scale removal of SNF during 2017–2021 and its subsequent transfer to Mayak PA, and operations to bring the infrastructure of the site into the hsafe conditions, i.e., ecological remediation of the site – by 2025.
Lessons learnt from this work are being used in support of improved international recommendations and guidance on how to address legacy issues.
Conclusion: The experience accumulated during regulation of the remediation process of the former Naval Coastal Technical Bases, has helped to identify new relevant areas of improvement of the regulatory supervision at nuclear legacy sites. The study of potential hazard of radiation exposure to the personnel during technological operations of SNF and RW management is very important issue. In this light, the regulator in cooperation of the operator should develop some effective and efficient activities for dose monitoring. When dealing with the protection of the population and environment, a methodology of comprehensive radiation and chemical monitoring should be developed and models of radiation and chemical risks should be improved taking into account features of contamination of the site under remediation. An important link of the social focus of the regulator and the operator is to improve strategies of public communications near legacy sites under remediation.
9
Shi, Sandra, Brianne Olivieri-Mui, Ellen McCarthy, and Dae Hyun Kim. "Functional Trajectories and Quality of Life in Post-Acute Skilled Nursing Facility care after hospitalization." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Frailty predicts readmissions and mortality after acute hospitalizations. Understanding whether frailty predicts functional recovery after acute hospitalizations may help guide post-acute care and rehabilitation. This feasibility study enrolled 24 adults aged ≥65 years from a skilled nursing facility (SNF) after acute hospitalization. We calculated a deficit-accumulation frailty index (FI range: 0-1; non-frail [≤0.25], mild frailty [0.26-0.35], moderate [0.36-0.45], and severe [>0.45]) via in-person assessment on SNF admission. We measured weekly functional improvement with modified Barthel Index, as well as quality of life. Modified Barthel Index and quality of life were measured weekly by Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) (standardized score with mean 50 and SD 10, higher is better). The mean age was 83.3 years [SD 8.0], and 17 (71.8%) were female. Length of stay for those with severe frailty (FI>0.45) was 26.8 days [10.7] compared to those who were not frail, mildly frail, or moderately frail (13.3 [7.3], 9.4 [4.4], and 15.2 [4.9] respectively). Those with severe frailty also had delayed functional improvement (mean Barthel Index 48.6, 53.4, and 56.6 on admission, week 1, and week 2 of SNF admission respectively), compared to those with moderate frailty (mean Barthel Index 47.5, 69, 73) or mild frailty (68.3, 86, 90.5). Self-reported mental and physical health-related quality of life was relatively unchanged across SNF episode for all frailty categories. These findings suggest that older adults with moderate or severe frailty may experience a typical course of delayed functional recovery and that further monitoring may be necessary for prognostication.
10
Kanashov, Boris, Valery Smirnov, Vladimir Kadilin, Renat Ibragimov, Grigory Dedenko, Konstantin Vlasik, Vladimir Rudenko, et al. "Capabilities of gamma-spectrometry methods for on-line monitoring of nitride SNF pyrochemical reprocessing." Nuclear Energy and Technology 4, no. 3 (December 7, 2018): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.4.31865.
Full textAbstract:
The paper reports the first test results for detectors of various types and equipment of gamma-spectrometry channels under external radiation originating from pyrochemical reprocessing of spent mixed nitride uranium-plutonium (MNUP) fuel. Testing was carried out on a solid-state detector with a CdZnTe crystal, a scintillation detector with a LaBr3crystal, and an ionization chamber based on compressed xenon. Simulated external gamma-radiation was created by means of a Co-based scattered gamma-radiation source. The paper also describes an experimental facility and a measurement technique, and presents the facility testing results for the above three detectors. The solid-state detector was proved to have the best performance. However, achieving the design characteristics of the gamma-spectrometry channel requires new solutions for protection and collimation of gamma-radiation produced by a real MNUP SNF reprocessing facility. What is meant here is the influence of the detectors’ geometry on the configuration of the protective collimator which is proposed to be used in real conditions. Thus, if a Xe-based detector is used, the calculated mass of the protective collimator is 900 kg, while it is possible to use less massive protection for the other detectors. In addition, when manufacturing neutron shielding for detectors based on CdZnTe and LaBr3, it is necessary to consider the neutron radiation factor in MNUP SNF processing. It is possible to surround the collimator with a moderating layer (for example, polyethylene) and create inside it a skin from a thermal neutron absorber (for example, based on cadmium).
11
Kanashov, Boris Andreevich, Smirnov V. P. Smirnov, Vladimir Valerievich Kadilin, Renat Faridovich Ibragimov, Grigory Leonidovich Dedenko, Konstantin Fedorovich Vlasik, Vladimir Stepanovich Rudenko, et al. "Capabilitites of gamma(spectrometry methods for on(line monitoring of nitride SNF pyrochemical reprocessing." Izvestiya Wysshikh Uchebnykh Zawedeniy, Yadernaya Energetika 2018, no. 2 (June 2018): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26583/npe.2018.2.08.
Full text
12
Sadler, Eleanor D., Edina Avdic, Sara E. Cosgrove, Dawn Hohl, Michael Grimes, Meghan Swarthout, Kathryn Dzintars, Christopher K. Lippincott, and Sara C. Keller. "Failure modes and effects analysis to improve transitions of care in patients discharged on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 78, no. 13 (May 4, 2021): 1223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab165.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Purpose To identify barriers to safe and effective completion of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in patients discharged from an academic medical center and to develop targeted solutions to potentially resolve or improve the identified barriers. Summary A failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) was conducted by a multidisciplinary OPAT task force to evaluate the processes for patients discharged on OPAT to 2 postdischarge dispositions: (1) home and (2) skilled nursing facility (SNF). The task force created 2 process maps and identified potential failure modes, or barriers, to the successful completion of each step. Thirteen and 10 barriers were identified in the home and SNF process maps, respectively. Task force members created 5 subgroups, each developing solutions for a group of related barriers. The 5 areas of focus included (1) the OPAT electronic order set, (2) critical tasks to be performed before patient discharge, (3) patient education, (4) patient follow-up and laboratory monitoring, and (5) SNF communication. Interventions involved working with information technology to update the electronic order set, bridging communication and ensuring completion of critical tasks by creating an inpatient electronic discharge checklist, developing patient education resources, planning a central OPAT outpatient database within the electronic medical record, and creating a pharmacist on-call pager for SNFs. Conclusion The FMEA approach was helpful in identifying perceived barriers to successful transitions of care in patients discharged on OPAT and in developing targeted interventions. Healthcare organizations may reproduce this strategy when completing quality improvement planning for this high-risk process.
13
Gibson, Heather D., Gretchen S. Arnoczy, Andrew Kessell, and Jaspaul S. Jawanda. "2056. Retrospective Analysis of Intravenous Vancomycin Outcomes in Patients Discharged to Skilled Nursing Facilities." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1736.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Patients treated with intravenous (IV) vancomycin at skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) are at increased risk for adverse events. Methods Single-center, retrospective chart review to assess specific outcomes of patients receiving IV vancomycin discharged to an SNF from a single institution under the care of infectious diseases (ID) physicians. Population included all patients under the care of an ID provider between November 1, 2017 and October 31, 2018 with GFR > 30 who were discharged to an SNF on IV vancomycin for a minimum of 2 weeks. Patients with chronic kidney disease and patients younger than 18 years old were excluded. It was intended that all patients have weekly labs, including vancomycin troughs, communicated to the ID provider. Outcomes evaluated included complications related to vancomycin therapy, assessment of appropriate trough timing and sub-therapeutic troughs (defined as a trough less than 10), and assessment of communication to the prescribing physician. Complications were defined as vancomycin trough greater than 30, increase in serum creatinine greater than 0.5 above baseline, documented adverse events related to vancomycin, or hospital readmission during antibiotic therapy. Results 25 patients who met inclusion criteria were admitted to 14 different SNFs. Osteomyelitis was the most common indication and MRSA was the most commonly isolated organism. 13 of 25 patients experienced the predefined complications; 5 of 25 patients had at least one trough value greater than 30. 13 of 25 patients had troughs drawn at inappropriate times in relation to doses and 15 of 25 patients had either absent or incomplete labs communicated to the prescriber. 4 of 25 patients had at least one trough value less than 10. Only 2 of 25 patients assessed had no complications, troughs appropriately drawn, and lab values communicated to the prescriber. Conclusion Patients discharged to SNFs on vancomycin had high rates of complications, low rates of appropriate laboratory monitoring, and poor communication between SNFs and the prescribing ID physician. Vancomycin administration at an SNF warrants careful monitoring for patient safety and demonstrates an area with significant opportunity for improvement. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
14
Agarwal, Rishu, Yih-Chih Chan, Constantine S. Tam, Tane Hunter, Dane Vassiliadis, Charis E. Teh, Rachel Thijssen, et al. "Dynamic molecular monitoring reveals that SWI–SNF mutations mediate resistance to ibrutinib plus venetoclax in mantle cell lymphoma." Nature Medicine 25, no. 1 (November 19, 2018): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0243-z.
Full text
15
Soofi, Sajid Bashir, Gul Nawaz Khan, Shabina Ariff, Arjumand Rizvi, Mohammad Asif Hussainyar, Cecilia Garzon, Martin Ahimbisibwe, Rafiullah Sadeed, and Ahmad Reshad. "Effectiveness of Specialized Nutritious Foods and Social and Behavior Change Communication Interventions to Prevent Stunting among Children in Badakhshan, Afghanistan: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study." Methods and Protocols 4, no. 3 (August 13, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps4030055.
Full textAbstract:
Stunting predominantly occurs during the first 1000 days of life and continues to the age of five years. We will aim to assess the effectiveness of specialized nutritious foods (SNF)and social and behavior change communication (SBCC) strategies during the first 1000 days of life to prevent stunting among children in two rural districts of Badakhshan, Afghanistan. This will be a quasi-experimental pre-post study with the control group utilizing qualitative and quantitative methods. Before launching the program, formative research will be conducted on the acceptability, appropriate use and SBCC strategies needed to support the introduction of intervention package. Repeated cross-sectional baseline and endline surveys will be conducted in both the intervention and the control districts. After the formative research and baseline household survey, an intervention focusing on the provision of SNF, targeting pregnant and lactating women and children 6–23 months, and SBCC strategies will be implemented for at least 12 months. The primary outcome will be a reduction in the prevalence of stunting among children under two years in the intervention group compared to the control group. We will aim to compare the intervention and control group between the pre- and post-intervention assessments to isolate the effect of the intervention by difference-in-differences estimates. The program monitoring and evaluation component will examine the quality of implementation, acceptability of intervention, identification of potential barriers and to learn how to enhance the program’s effectiveness through ongoing operational improvements. The results will be beneficial to design interventions to prevent stunting within Afghanistan and other low–middle-income countries.
16
Hanuš, Oto, Václava Genčurová, Josef Kučera, Marcela Vyletělová, and Jiří Třináctý. "Analyse of relationships between freezing point and selected indicators of udder health state among cow, goat and sheep milk." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 5 (2009): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957050103.
Full textAbstract:
Milk freezing point (MFP) is important quality indicator. Aim was to analyse the relationships of MFP to selected udder health milk indicators (MIs) by comparison between cows (reference), goats and sheep. Bulk milk samples came from 3 herds of Czech Fleckvieh (B, n 93) and 1 goat herd and sheep flock (White short-haired, W, n 60; Tsigai, C, n 60). Animal nutrition was performed under the typical country conditions. MIs which were investigated: DM, dry matter; SNF, solid non fat; L, lactose (all in %); SCC, somatic cell count (103 ml−1); EC, electrical conductivity (mS cm−1); MFP (°C); Na and K (in mg kg−1). W MFP was −0.5544 ± 0.0293, B −0.5221 ± 0.0043 and C −0.6048 ± 0.0691 °C. The B MFP was related to L (−0.36; P < 0.01), W was not related to L (−0.07; P > 0.05) and C was related to L (0.40; P < 0.01). These facts could be explainable by worse SCC geometric averages for used W (3,646 103 ml−1) and C (560 103 ml−1) milk as compared to B (159 103 ml−1). Only 0.5 and 10.5% of variations in MFP were explainable by variations in DM and SNF in B, 32.7 and 12.8% in W but already 49.4 and 45.0% in C. Higher C values were caused by high MFP variability, 11.8% (C) versus 0.8% (B). There is possible to derive the more reliable MFP qualitative limits for more efficient monitoring rules of milk quality problems in B, W and C.
17
McConnell, Eleanor, Sarah Berry, Emily Hecker, Laurie Herndon, and Cathleen Colon-Emeric. "Experience-Based Co-Design to Develop an Injury Prevention Intervention in Skilled Nursing Facilities." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.853.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Experience-based co-design (EBCD) improves clinical effectiveness and safety by incorporating end-user perspectives in the design of clinical interventions. To refine a centralized, multi-component fall-related injury prevention service (IPS) to be tested in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in a pragmatic trial, we employed a modified EBCD process. We first conducted in-depth interviews with SNF residents, family members, and staff (n = 28; three facilities in two states) regarding their experiences in falls prevention. We then engaged these and other stakeholders from multiple institutions (n=4) in a day-long co-design workshop with our interdisciplinary research team. Building upon themes drawn from the analysis of interviews, we targeted three intervention components that were refined during the workshop: de-prescribing process, osteoporosis treatment, and educational videoconferences. Key outcomes from the ECBD process included development of strategies to ensure that: (1) residents, families, and SNF staff are involved in communication about residents identified as high risk for fall-related injury, and in related treatment decisions; (2) approaches to monitoring for unintended consequences from the injury prevention plan are clearly understood by direct care staff and are compatible with existing workflow; (3) treatment plan risks and benefits are presented in a manner easily understood by stakeholders; and (4) staff education conferences build trust with the IPS nurse and provide direct care staff with support and advice about challenging cases. EBCD is a feasible approach to strengthen intervention development in SNFs and can lead to testable new ideas for protocol refinement to address diverse stakeholder perspectives.
18
Razafintsalama, Harimenja, Jean Trap, Bodovololona Rabary, Adamson Tsoushima Ernest Razakatiana, Heriniaina Ramanankierana, Lilia Rabeharisoa, and Thierry Becquer. "Effect of Rhizobium Inoculation on Growth of Common Bean in Low-Fertility Tropical Soil Amended with Phosphorus and Lime." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 19, 2022): 4907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14094907.
Full textAbstract:
The cultivation of grain legumes (e.g., common bean) in sub-Saharan Africa contributes to the provision of food for a growing population and delivers environmental benefits such as inputs of nitrogen (N) to crops and soil via symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). However, the success of SNF is constrained by several factors such as the poor efficiency of native rhizobial strains to fix N, the low availability of phosphorus (P) and the acidity of soils. Two trials have been conducted in low-fertility tropical soils at the smallholder farm scale in Madagascar to assess the effects of Rhizobium inoculation together with inputs of P and lime on the growth of the common bean. We showed that inoculation with native strains of Rhizobium had significant effects on bean root nodulation, which was increased by up to 15-fold on plant growth, which increased by 78% and on bean yield, which increased by 126%. Moreover, we observed positive and significant relationships between inoculation with Rhizobium and P fertilization on nodulation, plant growth and yield. However, the addition of dolomite lime did not show any effect in our study. The addition of P decreased the mycorrhization rate of roots. Additional research is still needed to improve our understanding of soil fertility conditions (mainly on nutrient availability, including micronutrients) allowing better efficiency of legume symbionts (rhizobium and mycorrhiza) in such low-fertility soils.
19
Kirsanov, D., V. Babain, M. Agafonova-Moroz, A. Lumpov, and A. Legin. "Combination of optical spectroscopy and chemometric techniques—a possible way for on-line monitoring of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) reprocessing." Radiochimica Acta 100, no. 3 (March 2012): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ract.2012.1901.
Full text
20
Seña, Arlene C., Anne Moorman, Levi Njord, Roxanne E. Williams, James Colborn, Yury Khudyakov, Jan Drobenuic, Guo-Liang Xia, Hattie Wood, and Zack Moore. "Acute Hepatitis B Outbreaks in 2 Skilled Nursing Facilities and Possible Sources of Transmission: North Carolina, 2009–2010." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 34, no. 7 (July 2013): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/670996.
Full textAbstract:
Objective.Acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections have been reported in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), primarily associated with infection control breaks during assisted blood glucose monitoring. We investigated HBV outbreaks that occurred in separate skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) to determine factors associated with transmission.Design.Outbreak investigation with case-control studies.Setting.Two SNFs (facilities A and B) in Durham, North Carolina, during 2009–2010.Patients.Residents with acute HBV infection and controls randomly selected from HBV-susceptible residents during the outbreak period.Methods.After initial cases were identified, screening was offered to all residents, with repeat testing 3 months later for HBV-susceptible residents. Molecular testing was performed to assess viral relatedness. Infection control practices were observed. Case-control studies were conducted to evaluate associations between exposures and acute HBV infection in each facility.Results.Six acute HBV cases were identified in each SNF. Viral phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of HBV relatedness within, but not between, facilities. No evaluated exposures were significantly associated with acute HBV infection in facility A; those associated with infection in facility B (all odds ratios >20) included injections, hospital or emergency room visits, and daily blood glucose monitoring. Observations revealed absence of trained infection control staff at facility A and suboptimal hand hygiene practices during blood glucose monitoring and insulin injections at facility B.Conclusions.These outbreaks underscore the vulnerability of LTCF residents to acute HBV infection, the importance of surveillance and prompt investigation of incident cases, and the need for improved infection control education to prevent transmission.
21
Dykhuizen, Emily C., Leigh C. Carmody, Nicola Tolliday, Gerald R. Crabtree, and Michelle A. J. Palmer. "Screening for Inhibitors of an Essential Chromatin Remodeler in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by Monitoring Transcriptional Regulation." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 17, no. 9 (August 1, 2012): 1221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057112455060.
Full textAbstract:
The SWI/SNF-like adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–dependent chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is both necessary and, in some contexts, sufficient to induce the pluripotent state. Furthermore, mutations in various BAF subunits are associated with cancer. Little is known regarding the precise mechanism(s) by which this complex exerts its activities. Thus, it is unclear which protein interactions would be important to disrupt to isolate a relevant readout of mechanism. To address this, we developed a gene expression–based assay to identify inhibitors of the native esBAF complex. Specifically, a quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was developed in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to monitor expression of Bmi1, a developmentally important gene repressed by the esBAF complex. The assay was miniaturized to a 384-well format and used to screen a diverse collection of compounds, including novel products of diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS). Confirmed hits were validated using a knock-in ES cell reporter line in which luciferase is inserted into the Bmi1 locus. Several of the validated hits regulate a panel of target genes in a manner similar to the BAF chromatin-remodeling complex. Together these data indicate that expression-based screening using qRT-PCR is a successful approach to identify compounds targeting the regulation of key developmental genes in ES cells.
22
Rodríguez-Villagra, N., L. J. Bonales, and J. Cobos. "New insight studies of the secondary phase formation under repository conditions." MRS Advances 5, no. 11 (2020): 539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.120.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTIn a deep geological repository (DGR) scenario, uranium oxidized in aqueous systems will be stabilized as UO22+ (hexavalent uranium), as a consequence of tetravalent uranium oxidation by radiolytic byproducts. Uranyl cationic species (UO22+) in different speciation forms are expected to be found at the whole pH range conditions. The importance of UO22+ lies in its potential incorporation of trace radioelements onto secondary uranyl phases. In view of the difficulty of U chemistry in natural groundwater, it is necessary to improve speciation assessment techniques so as to understand chemical processes. Raman spectroscopy has been shown as a powerful tool to analyze the speciation of various actinyl (UO22+,NpO2+ and PuO22+) and to determine the distribution of those elements which are more likely to be stable in a near-field groundwater environment. Therefore, the aim of this work is to follow UO22+ changes as a consequence of γ radiation in aqueous media under DGR conditions, and to understand the behavior of UO22+ as a function of aqueous media, which help to understand and predict the potential precipitation of the solid phases formed. In this work, the use of Raman spectroscopy adapted to the empirical analysis of different nuclear applications for initial uranium concentrations 0.04M at ambient atmosphere is shown, i.e. as monitoring tool for UO22+ precipitation as a function of pH, studying UO2(NO3)2·6H2O stability in aqueous solutions representative of groundwater, in particular at ionic strength I = 0.02 – 0.4 M and pH from 7 to 13.2; and to evaluate the effect of γ radiation fields. At 10−4-10-3 M of radiolytically formed H2O2 concentration, the amount of uranium in solution decreased, as a results of secondary phases precipitation. The results obtained will be useful to the performance assessment studies of the Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) stored in DGRs. The work performed provides a partial picture of secondary phase formations, as a result of corrosion of SNF in a DGR.
23
Brooks, Gabriel, Carole Kathleen Dalby, Saira Chaudary, and Joseph O. Jacobson. "A pragmatic approach for measuring and monitoring hospitalizations in patients receiving chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2016): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.7_suppl.278.
Full textAbstract:
278 Background: Hospitalizations in patients receiving chemotherapy are common and costly. In order to test interventions to reduce hospitalizations in chemotherapy patients, efficient approaches are needed for monitoring the incidence of hospitalization. Methods: We evaluated the monthly frequency of hospitalization in patients receiving active chemotherapy for pancreas cancer. Two definitions were used to identify patients under “active” chemotherapy treatment in a given month; both definitions required that patients were alive on the first day of the evaluation month. For definition A, patients were defined as active if they received any chemotherapy treatment in the evaluation month or the preceding calendar month. Definition B included any chemotherapy during the evaluation month or the two prior months. Reporting functions of the electronic health record (EHR, Epic Systems) were used to generate reports of chemotherapy treatment history and hospital discharges. Data were then combined using statistical software (SAS). Outcomes included the number of active chemotherapy patients per month, the number of hospital discharges per 100 chemotherapy patients, and discharge disposition by hospitalization. Results: There were an average of 101 active chemotherapy patients and 11 hospitalizations per month, using definition A to identify active chemotherapy patients. Corresponding figures using definition B were 115 active patients and 13 hospitalizations per month. The mean number of hospital discharges per month per 100 patients was 10.5 (SD 3.9) vs. 10.9 (4.4). Hospital discharge dispositions (using the inclusive definition B population) included home (49%), home w/ services (19%), home hospice (14%), hospice facility (11%), and SNF (8%). Conclusions: EHRs permit efficient approaches for monitoring monthly hospitalization frequency across a population of active chemotherapy patients. The observed frequency of hospitalization was similar with both active patient definitions. Capability to monitor hospitalization frequencies in active chemotherapy patients will facilitate development of quality improvement programs to reduce hospitalizations.
24
Kim, Kyungsu. "iKSNF, the Control Tower for the R&D Program of SNF Storage and Disposal." Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT) 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7733/jnfcwt.2022.020.
Full text
25
Shandala, N. K., S. M. Kiselev, and A. V. Titov. "Scientific and practical experience of supervisory activities in the field of the public and environmental protection at the Russian nuclear legacy sites." Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene 12, no. 2(св) (September 23, 2019): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21514/1998-426x-2019-12-2s-83-96.
Full textAbstract:
Today, Russia is implementing a national program for the remediation of legacy sites, resulting from the activities of the nuclear industry, the use of nuclear energy for military purposes, and due to radiation accidents and emergencies. Main priority is given to the health care provision issues of the workers and the population living in the vicinity of the targeted facilities. These tasks are under the regulatory responsibility of the FMBA of Russia. Since the beginning of the development of the nuclear industry in the country, the Institute of Biophysics, technical supporting organization of the FMBA of Russia (now the State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC)), has been a leading institute in the scientific and methodological support of public radiation safety in the vicinity of radiation hazardous facilities serviced by the FMBA of Russia. In this regard, radiation-hygienic monitoring has always served as the main regulatory tool for more than 60 years. The paper describes the results of long-term monitoring (2005-2018) at the former coastal technical bases of the Russian Navy ( now – sites for temporary storage of SNF and RW in the Russian Northwest and Far East (nuclear legacy sites); sites of the uranium mining and milling facilities: Priargun Mountain Chemical Association and former Production Association “Almaz” (Lermontov, Stavropol Krai); and at uranium legacy sites of the Central Asia (Republic of Tajikistan and Kyrgyz Republic). The peculiarities of radiation situation at the sites are discussed, current challenges identified, and further regulatory improvements presented based on the gained experience.
26
Matveenko, Anna V., Andrey P. Varlakov, Alexander A. Zherebtsov, Alexander V. Germanov, Ivan V. Mikheev, Stepan N. Kalmykov, and Vladimir G. Petrov. "Natural Clay Minerals as a Starting Material for Matrices for the Immobilization of Radioactive Waste from Pyrochemical Processing of SNF." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 10780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910780.
Full textAbstract:
Pyrochemistry is a promising technology that can provide benefits for the safe reprocessing of relatively fresh spent nuclear fuel with a short storage time (3–5 years). The radioactive waste emanating from this process is an electrolyte (LiCl–KCl) mixture with fission products included. Such wastes are rarely immobilized through common matrices such as cement and glass. In this study, samples of ceramic materials, based on natural bentonite clay, were studied as matrices for radioactive waste in the form of LiCl–KCl eutectic. The phase composition of the samples, and their mechanical, hydrolytic, and radiation resistance were characterized. The possibility of using bentonite clay as a material for immobilizing high-level waste arising from pyrochemical processing of spent nuclear fuel is further discussed in this paper.
27
Maletz, Anastasia, Grace Kang, Raymond Y. Chinn, John D. Malone, Hosniyeh Bagheri, Margaret M. Turner, Elizar Perez, et al. "432. An Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease, 2019 (COVID-19) in a Skilled Nursing Facility – California, 2021: Description, Mitigation, Challenges, and Opportunities." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S318—S319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.632.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents comprised 11% of all COVID-19 cases in the United States; however, they account for 43% of deaths with case fatality rates (CFR) of 26.0-33.7%. Methods We report an outbreak of COVID-19, from June 15 to July 21, 2020 in a 159-bed SNF with a staff of 172 that resulted in an infection rate of 97% in residents and 23% in HCWs (Figure 1). A retroactive review outlined mitigation efforts, discussed challenges, identified risk factors among residents and health care workers (HCW) for acquisition of COVID-19, and reviewed opportunities for improvement (Figure 2). Figure 1. Epi Curve of COVID-19 Outbreak in a Skilled Nursing Facility Figure 2. Timeline of COVID-19 Outbreak in a Skilled Nursing Facility Results Factors that contributed to the outbreak: delay in test results had an impact on cohorting; suboptimal adherence to the principles of infection prevention and control (IPC) and minimal adherence monitoring; strict criteria were used to screen for infection; the underappreciated transmissibility of COVID-19 from presymptomatic and asymptomatic persons; symptomatic HCWs who continued to work; the changing guidance on, the suboptimal use of, and an inadequate supply of personal protective equipment; poor indoor air quality due to ventilation challenges; and the important role of community/family/interfacility spread on the outbreak. Whole genome sequencing, performed in 52 samples, identified a common strain that was also found in clusters of 2 other facilities: 1 in the same geographic location, the other in a different geographic location but whose HCWs had the same zip codes as the facility (Figure 3). Certified nursing and restorative nursing assistants had the highest risk of infection with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.02 (confidence interval 1.29-12.55, p value: 0.02) when compared to registered and licensed vocational nurses. The residents’ CFR was 24%. The OR for death was increased by 10.5 (10.20-11.00) for every decade of life as was morbid obesity (BMI > 35) with an OR of 8.50. BMI as a continuous variable increased risk of mortality for every additional unit, OR 1.07 (Tables 1, 2). Whole Genome Sequencing of Isolates from a Skilled Nursing Facility Outbreak Univariate Analysis of Selected Variables Associated with Mortality among Residents at Facility A during COVID-19 Outbreak, June 19 - July 21, 2021 Multivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with Mortality from COVID-19 after Adjusting for Age among Residents (N =124) of Facility A, June 15 - July 21, 2020 Conclusion While implementation of optimal IPC measures in the pre-COVID-19 vaccination era had no impact on the infections in residents who were likely already infected or exposed at the onset of the outbreak, these measures along with non-pharmacologic strategies were effective in halting the spread among HCWs. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
28
Emlaei, Zahra, Sharareh Pourebrahim, Hamidreza Heidari, and Khai Ern Lee. "The Impact of Climate Change as Well as Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes on Water Yield Services in Haraz Basin." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 7578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137578.
Full textAbstract:
Water-yield assessment is crucial to effectively achieve water supply management at the basin scale. It is affected by climate change, and Land Use/Land Cover Change (LULCC). This paper quantifies the combined impact of LULCC and climate change on water yield over short and long-term periods in the Haraz basin, Iran. This basin has experienced severe forest degradation, agricultural expansion, and urbanization. Most agricultural lands are within the plains and coastal areas, and 25% of the basin is covered by forest, which includes part of the Hyrcanian conservation forests. Four scenarios to distinguish the relative portion of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) and climate for water supply variations are considered, including real conditions at the beginning of the period (Sn1), real conditions without changes in LULC (Sn2), real conditions without climate change (Sn3), and real conditions at the end of the period (Sn4). Four study periods include 1992–2007, 2007–2016, 2016–2026 as a short term, and 1992–2026 as a long-term period. The spatial patterns of annual precipitation showed decreasing amounts in the three studied years from the northwest to the south. Water yield also reduced during the study period 1992–2007 and 2007–2016, and climate change plays an essential role in this reduction. Forecasts show that rainfall will recover in 2026 and water yield will increase in the northern sub-basins. In the long run, from 1992 to 2026, the contribution of LULCC and climate change factors to water yield are equal. The results can provide references for land use management to enhance water yield considering global climate change.
29
Jakimavičiūtė-Maselienė, Vaidotė, Jonas Mažeika, and Stasys Motiejūnas. "RADIONUCLIDE AND HEAT TRANSPORT FROM HYPOTHETICAL SNF CANISTER IN CRYSTALLINE BASEMENT, CASE OF SOUTH-EASTERN LITHUANIA / RADIONUKLIDŲ IR ŠILUMOS SKLAIDA IŠ HIPOTETINIO PBK KONTEINERIO KRISTALINIO PAMATO UOLIENOSE (PIETRYČIŲ LIETUVOS PAVYZDYS)." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 20, no. 2 (June 7, 2012): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2012.688363.
Full textAbstract:
The Strategy on Radioactive Waste Management of Lithuania (Radioaktyviųjų… 2008) envisages evaluating the possibilities of disposal of spent nuclear fuel and long-lived radioactive waste from operation and decommissioning of Ignalina NPP in a deep geological repository. The crystalline basement and sedimentary cover of south-eastern Lithuania was selected for the current model case studies due to availability of geological and hydrogeological data from previous explorations. Groundwater flow, radionuclide (iodine-129 as mobile and long-lived one) transport and heat transfer, modelling using computer code FEFLOW was performed. The model domain of south-eastern Lithuania comprises Protero-zoic-Archaean aquifer with overlaying aquifers system of sedimentary cover. The upward groundwater flow through defected canister located in tectonically damaged zone was conservatively generated. The main results of calculations are following: in case of upward groundwater flow, the maximum activity concentration of 129I in groundwater of the tectonic fracture zone above defected canister will not exceed 10−4 Bq/l; the maximum temperature in the tectonic fracture will obtain about 30-35°C and will not impact on the radionuclide transport. Location of model domain in south-eastern Lithuania does not mean any reference to the site for deep geological repository. The results show that doses obtained by human via drinking water should be below the dose constraint (0.2 mSv /year). Santrauka Radioaktyviųjų atliekų tvarkymo strategija numato galimybę panaudotą branduolinį kurą ir kitas ilgaamžes radioak- tyviąsias atliekas, susidariusias eksploatuojant Ignalinos AE ir susidarysiančias ją demontuojant, galutinai patalpinti giliai geologinėse formacijose. Dėl didelio geologinės bei hidrogeologinės informacijos kiekio šiame darbe nagrinėti tik Pietryčių Lietuvos kristalinis pamatas bei jį dengiantys nuosėdinių uolienų sluoksniai. Radionuklidų bei šilumos sklaidai kristalinio pamato uolienose vertinti naudota kompiuterinė programa FEFLOW 5.0. Pasirinkta konteinerio defekto scenarijus, taikant skaičiavimus, atliktus LEI ekspertų. Modelis apima archėjaus ir proterozojaus vandeningąjį sluoksnį bei nuosėdinėje dangoje slūgsančius vandeninguosius kompleksus. Modeliuotas požeminio vandens srautas, kylantis per tektoniškai pažeistą zoną, kurioje palaidotas PBK konteineris. Iš pagrindinių modeliavimo rezultatų nustatyta, kad ilgaamžio ir mažai sorbuojamo radionuklido 129I sklaidos intensyvumas mažai priklauso nuo geologinės aplinkos savybių, o šilumos sklaida neturi įtakos radionuklidų sklaidai. Žmogaus gaunama dozė, skaičiavimų duomenimis, nesieks ribinės vertės (0,2 mSv/metai).
30
Irshad, Annie, Rana Naveed Ur Rehman, Muhammad Mohsin Abrar, Qudsia Saeed, Rahat Sharif, and Tianming Hu. "Contribution of Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis in Salt Stress Tolerance in Medicago truncatula Evaluated through Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Compatible Solutes Accumulation." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 3369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063369.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of salt stress on the growth, nodulation, and nitrogen (N) fixation of legumes are well known, but the relationship between symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) driven by rhizobium–legume symbiosis and salt tolerance in Medicago truncatula is not well studied. The effects of the active nodulation process on salt stress tolerance of Medicago truncatula were evaluated by quantifying the compatible solutes, soluble sugars, and antioxidants enzymes, as well as growth and survival rate of plants. Eight weeks old plants, divided in three groups: (i) no nodules (NN), (ii) inactive nodules (IN), and (iii) active nodules (AN), were exposed to 150 mM of NaCl salt stress for 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 48 h in hydroponic system. AN plants showed a higher survival rate (30.83% and 38.35%), chlorophyll contents (37.18% and 44.51%), and photosynthesis compared to IN and NN plants, respectively. Improved salt tolerance in AN plants was linked with higher activities of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants and higher K+ (20.45% and 39.21%) and lower Na+ accumulations (17.54% and 24.51%) when compared with IN and NN plants, respectively. Additionally, higher generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was indicative of salt stress, causing membrane damage as revealed by higher electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. All such effects were significantly ameliorated in AN plants, showing higher compatible solutes (proline, free amino acids, glycine betaine, soluble sugars, and proteins) and maintaining higher relative water contents (61.34%). This study advocates positive role of Rhizobium meliloti inoculation against salt stress through upregulation of antioxidant system and a higher concentration of compatible solutes.
31
Das, Pranab Jyoti, Aneet Kour, Sourabh Deori, Safeeda Sultana Begum, Martina Pukhrambam, Sanjit Maiti, Jayakumar Sivalingam, Vijay Paul, and Mihir Sarkar. "Characterization of Arunachali Yak: A Roadmap for Pastoral Sustainability of Yaks in India." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 12655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912655.
Full textAbstract:
Highland pastoralism provides economic sustainability to the tribal livelihoods and is endemic to the yak-rearing tracts of India. Transhumant pastoralists of Arunachal Pradesh (in India) have centuries-old deep socio-religious and economic connections with this unique bovine species. As a result of their conservation efforts, Arunachali was recognized as the first and is still the lone breed (to date) of yaks in the country. A survey was conducted on the pastoral production system in the region to enable the phenotypic characterization of yaks and to understand the prevailing husbandry practices. Arunachali yaks are medium-sized bovines that are predominantly black with dense and long hairs hanging down the body and are docile in temperament. They have a convex head with horizontal ears and distinctly curved horns with pointed tips. The average milk yield is 0.98–1.04 kg milk/day with 7.45% fat and 11.5% SNF and the peak milk yield/day is 1.1–1.6 kg. The average ages of clipping of coarse hairs and down fibres are 12–18 months and 12 months, respectively, with average yields of 1.5 kg and 0.5 kg/clipping/animal, respectively. Value addition of yak milk and fibre presents a unique opportunity for the economic rejuvenation of yak pastoralism. However, winter feed scarcity, inbreeding, extreme climate events and the non-availability of essential services are still major challenges for yak production in the country. Our findings acknowledge that pastoral sustainability is critical for the conservation of yaks and yak rearing. This calls for pastoralism-centric governance and research efforts in the highlands to curb the declining population and to put Indian yaks on the road to sustainability.
32
Vouraki, Sotiria, Vasiliki Papanikolopoulou, Maria Irakli, Zoi Parissi, Eleni M. Abraham, and Georgios Arsenos. "Legume Grains as an Alternative to Soybean Meal in the Diet of Intensively Reared Dairy Ewes." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021028.
Full textAbstract:
Grain legumes are feedstuffs with high nutritional value that could replace soybean in dairy sheep nutrition. This could be beneficial in terms of economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. However, research regarding their potential effects on animal performance is scarce. The objective was to assess milk production and body condition score (BCS) of intensively reared dairy ewes after replacing soybean meal with a mixture of lupin, pea, vetch, and faba bean in their ration. A total of 40 Chios dairy ewes were randomly selected. They were allocated in two (n = 20) groups C and T; both were fed same amounts of Lucerne hay and wheat straw as well as a concentrate feed that was formulated with either inclusion of soybean meal for Group C or a mixture of legumes for Group T. Both feeds had equal energy and protein contents. Data collection was performed every 15 days for a 60-day period (a total of five measurements). In each measurement, ewe BCS was assessed, milk yield was recorded electronically, and individual milk samples were collected to assess chemical composition (fat, protein, lactose, and solids-non-fat content); energy corrected milk yield and milk components yield were calculated. Moreover, feed refusals from each group were weighed to calculate feed intake. Average individual daily concentrate feed intake was lower in Group T compared to C. Nutritional management did not significantly affect (p > 0.05) milk production and BCS. An exception was the last measurement where ewes in Group T had significantly (p < 0.05) higher milk protein, lactose and SNF yield, and lactose content. Results suggest that the studied legumes could replace soybean without compromising productivity of intensively reared dairy ewes.
33
Koistinen, Antti. "Monitoring and Control in Mining." SNE Simulation Notes Europe 28, no. 3 (September 2018): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11128/sne.28.sn.10421.
Full text
34
Dubljević, Radisav, Božidarka Marković, Dušica Radonjić, Danijela Stešević, and Milan Marković. "Influence of Changes in Botanical Diversity and Quality of Wet Grasslands through Phenological Phases on Cow Milk Fatty Acid Composition." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 6320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166320.
Full textAbstract:
Natural pastures in Montenegro, together with natural meadows, are the most important forage source and comprise 95% of the used agricultural area (UAA). The aim of this study was to estimate the changes in grassland biomass, chemical and floristic composition and fatty acid composition in milk of cows grazed on Agrostis stolonifera semi-natural wet grassland in the Central region of Montenegro. Investigation was conducted during three phenological phases: early vegetative, optimal vegetative and full reproductive phase. The chemical composition of the grassland biomass was changed through the phenological phases. A significant increase during the experimental period in the content of dry matter and crude fibers and a decrease in crude protein content were determined. The pasture community consisted of 52 species, belonging to 19 families. The total amount of plant species classified as excellent, very good and good quality was 7.69%, while medium quality plants amounted to 13.46%, low quality plants to 19.23%, valueless plants to 34.62% and toxic plants to 25%. The total quality index was 4.166. The highest quality index of this community was in the second phenological phase, then in the third phase the lowest quality was in the first phenological phase. According to the floristic composition and biomass quality, this lowland pasture can be qualified as being of moderate to good quality. The content of milk fat, protein and solid non-fat (SNF) was increased from the first to the third vegetation phase, but the differences between the phases were not significant (p > 0.05). The content of a majority of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) also increased, while the total content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) was high in the second phase and decreased significantly in the third phase. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was constant in the first two phases, while it significantly decreased in the third phase. The highest content of most of MUFAs and PUFAs was obtained in the second phenological phase. The content of fatty acids in the third phase significantly affected (p < 0.05) by the phenological phase. This research contributes to the improvements in the grazing management of wet grasslands as well as the animal performances (milk yield and quality of milk).
35
Westerberg, Jacob A., Alexander Maier, Geoffrey F. Woodman, and Jeffrey D. Schall. "Performance Monitoring during Visual Priming." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 3 (March 2020): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01499.
Full textAbstract:
Repetitive performance of single-feature (efficient or pop-out) visual search improves RTs and accuracy. This phenomenon, known as priming of pop-out, has been demonstrated in both humans and macaque monkeys. We investigated the relationship between performance monitoring and priming of pop-out. Neuronal activity in the supplementary eye field (SEF) contributes to performance monitoring and to the generation of performance monitoring signals in the EEG. To determine whether priming depends on performance monitoring, we investigated spiking activity in SEF as well as the concurrent EEG of two monkeys performing a priming of pop-out task. We found that SEF spiking did not modulate with priming. Surprisingly, concurrent EEG did covary with priming. Together, these results suggest that performance monitoring contributes to priming of pop-out. However, this performance monitoring seems not mediated by SEF. This dissociation suggests that EEG indices of performance monitoring arise from multiple, functionally distinct neural generators.
36
Mellak, Soumia, and Doudja Souag-Gamane. "Spatio-temporal analysis of maximum drought severity using Copulas in Northern Algeria." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, S1 (May 20, 2020): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2020.070.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Drought mitigation and prevention require a broader knowledge of the spatio-temporal characteristics and return periods of droughts over several years. In this research, drought characteristics (severity, duration, frequency and areal extent) have been analysed in northern Algeria by using the Standardized Precipitation Index to identify drought events from 194 precipitation stations. For frequency analysis, three Archimedean copula families were used to find a relationship between drought duration and severity. The severity–duration–frequency (SDF) and the severity–area–frequency (SAF) curves were obtained. The SDF and SAF curves are then used to build three-dimensional surfaces of drought severity, drought duration and cumulated percentage of the affected area (SDA) for each return period. It has been shown that the return periods of maximum drought events severity vary according to their durations. To address the issue of long-term droughts, a new classification of dry events based on drought severities is proposed. The obtained results show that the western part of Algeria is the most sensitive to severe/extreme droughts of short durations and high probabilities of exceedance. For long-term durations, the study area was sensitive to mild droughts with lower probabilities.
37
Guanter, L., I. Aben, P. Tol, J. M. Krijger, A. Hollstein, P. Köhler, A. Damm, J. Joiner, C. Frankenberg, and J. Landgraf. "Potential of the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor for the monitoring of terrestrial chlorophyll fluorescence." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 3 (March 19, 2015): 1337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1337-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Global monitoring of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is improving our knowledge about the photosynthetic functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. The feasibility of SIF retrievals from spaceborne atmospheric spectrometers has been demonstrated by a number of studies in the last years. In this work, we investigate the potential of the upcoming TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite mission for SIF retrieval. TROPOMI will sample the 675–775 nm spectral window with a spectral resolution of 0.5 nm and a pixel size of 7 km × 7 km. We use an extensive set of simulated TROPOMI data in order to assess the uncertainty of single SIF retrievals and subsequent spatio-temporal composites. Our results illustrate the enormous improvement in SIF monitoring achievable with TROPOMI with respect to comparable spectrometers currently in-flight, such as the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument. We find that TROPOMI can reduce global uncertainties in SIF mapping by more than a factor of 2 with respect to GOME-2, which comes together with an approximately 5-fold improvement in spatial sampling. Finally, we discuss the potential of TROPOMI to map other important vegetation parameters at a global scale with moderate spatial resolution and short revisit time. Those include leaf photosynthetic pigments and proxies for canopy structure, which will complement SIF retrievals for a self-contained description of vegetation condition and functioning.
38
Guanter, L., I. Aben, P. Tol, J. M. Krijger, A. Hollstein, P. Köhler, A. Damm, J. Joiner, C. Frankenberg, and J. Landgraf. "Potential of the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor for the monitoring of terrestrial chlorophyll fluorescence." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 12 (December 15, 2014): 12545–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-12545-2014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Global monitoring of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) can improve our knowledge about the photosynthetic functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. The feasibility of SIF retrievals from spaceborne atmospheric spectrometers has been demonstrated by a number of studies in the last years. In this work, we investigate the potential of the upcoming TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite mission for SIF retrieval. TROPOMI will sample the 675–775 nm spectral window with a spectral resolution of 0.5 nm and a pixel size of 7 km × 7 km. We use an extensive set of simulated TROPOMI data in order to assess the uncertainty of single SIF retrievals and subsequent spatio-temporal composites. Our results illustrate the enormous improvement in SIF monitoring achievable with TROPOMI with respect to comparable spectrometers currently in-flight, such as the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument. We find that TROPOMI can reduce global uncertainties in SIF mapping by more than a factor 2 with respect to GOME-2, which comes together with an about 5-fold improvement in spatial sampling. Finally, we discuss the potential of TROPOMI to accurately map other important vegetation parameters, such as leaf photosynthetic pigments and proxies for canopy structure, which will complement SIF retrievals for a self-contained description of vegetation condition and functioning.
39
Schulz, J., P. Albert, H. D. Behr, D. Caprion, H. Deneke, S. Dewitte, B. Dürr, et al. "Operational climate monitoring from space: the EUMETSAT satellite application facility on climate monitoring (CM-SAF)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 3 (May 8, 2008): 8517–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-8517-2008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF) aims at the provision of satellite-derived geophysical parameter data sets suitable for climate monitoring. CM-SAF provides climatologies for Essential Climate Variables (ECV), as required by the Global Climate Observing System implementation plan in support of the UNFCCC. Several cloud parameters, surface albedo, radiation fluxes at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface as well as atmospheric temperature and humidity products form a sound basis for climate monitoring of the atmosphere. The products are categorized in monitoring data sets obtained in near real time and data sets based on carefully intercalibrated radiances. The CM-SAF products are derived from several instruments on-board operational satellites in geostationary and polar orbit, i.e., the Meteosat and NOAA satellites, respectively. The existing data sets will be continued using data from the instruments on-board the new EUMETSAT Meteorological Operational satellite (MetOP). The products have mostly been validated against several ground-based data sets both in situ and remotely sensed. The accomplished accuracy for products derived in near real time is sufficient to monitor variability on diurnal and seasonal scales. Products based on intercalibrated radiance data can also be used for climate variability analysis up to inter-annual scale. A central goal of the recently started Continuous Development and Operations Phase of the CM-SAF (2007–2012) is to further improve all CM-SAF data sets to a quality level that allows for studies of inter-annual variability.
40
Hong, Zhiming, Yijie Hu, Changlu Cui, Xining Yang, Chongxin Tao, Weiran Luo, Wen Zhang, Linyi Li, and Lingkui Meng. "An Operational Downscaling Method of Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) for Regional Drought Monitoring." Agriculture 12, no. 4 (April 12, 2022): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040547.
Full textAbstract:
Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been shown to be a powerful proxy for photosynthesis and a promising indicator of drought monitoring, but the ability of high-resolution satellite-derived SIF for drought monitoring has not been widely investigated due to a lack of data. The lack of high spatiotemporal resolution satellite SIF hinders the resolution enhancement of SIF derived by downscaling or reconstruction algorithms. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) SIF provides an alternative with finer spatiotemporal resolution. We present an operational downscaling method to generate 500 m 16-day SIF (TSIF) using Neural Networks over a local spatiotemporal window. The results showed that our method is very robust against overfitting, and TSIF has a strong spatiotemporal consistency with TROPOMI SIF (TROPOSIF) with R2=0.956 and RMSE=0.054 mWm−2sr−1nm−1. Comparison with another SIF product (CASIF) showed a spatiotemporal consistency with TSIF. Comparison with tower gross primary productivity (GPP) from AmeriFlux in California showed a strong correlation with R2 for multiple ecosystems ranging from 0.58 to 0.88. We explored the capacity of TSIF for monitoring a drought event in Henan, China, showing that TSIF is more sensitive to drought and precipitation compared to the Enhanced Vegetation Index. Our TSIF is a very promising indicator for regional drought monitoring.
41
Schulz, J., P. Albert, H. D. Behr, D. Caprion, H. Deneke, S. Dewitte, B. Dürr, et al. "Operational climate monitoring from space: the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 5 (March 5, 2009): 1687–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1687-2009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF) aims at the provision of satellite-derived geophysical parameter data sets suitable for climate monitoring. CM-SAF provides climatologies for Essential Climate Variables (ECV), as required by the Global Climate Observing System implementation plan in support of the UNFCCC. Several cloud parameters, surface albedo, radiation fluxes at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface as well as atmospheric temperature and humidity products form a sound basis for climate monitoring of the atmosphere. The products are categorized in monitoring data sets obtained in near real time and data sets based on carefully intercalibrated radiances. The CM-SAF products are derived from several instruments on-board operational satellites in geostationary and polar orbit as the Meteosat and NOAA satellites, respectively. The existing data sets will be continued using data from the instruments on-board the new joint NOAA/EUMETSAT Meteorological Operational Polar satellite. The products have mostly been validated against several ground-based data sets both in situ and remotely sensed. The accomplished accuracy for products derived in near real time is sufficient to monitor variability on diurnal and seasonal scales. The demands on accuracy increase the longer the considered time scale is. Thus, interannual variability or trends can only be assessed if the sensor data are corrected for jumps created by instrument changes on successive satellites and more subtle effects like instrument and orbit drift and also changes to the spectral response function of an instrument. Thus, a central goal of the recently started Continuous Development and Operations Phase of the CM-SAF (2007–2012) is to further improve all CM-SAF data products to a quality level that allows for studies of interannual variability.
42
Lee, Mark, Heesun Hong, Sung Yong Kim, Yo Han Cho, and So Young Yoon. "Role of Homing Regulation in Coculturing Human Cord blood–derived Mesenchymal Stem cells with CD34-Positive Cells from Umbilical Cord Blood." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 4747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4747.4747.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background and Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells plays an important role in the hematopoietic stem cell engraftment condition with SDF-1 (CXCL12)-CXCR4 signaling and in their homing in various tissues. In this study, we evaluated that the regulation of homing efficiency for mesenchymal stem cells to support ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells from umbilical cord blood. Methods We investigated the expression of CXCR4 and Stromal-Derived Factor-1 (SDF-1) in cocultured mesenchymal stem cell with umbilical cord blood-derived CD34-positive cell, which stimulated with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF) cytokine. Results In this study, we evaluated that coculturing of SDF-1+ mesenchymal stem cells with stimulated CD34+ cells significantly increased the expression of CD34, CD45, and CD19 for myeloid surface marker and intracellular CXCR4 within a few hours as compared with culturing of CD34-positive cells alone or with SDF-1− mesenchymal stem cells or untreated mesenchymal stem cells by Flow cytometre. In the result of stimulation for 48 hours with various cytokines in CD34-positive cells, CXCR4 gene and ERK-1,2 protein up-regulated, and increased in vitro migration capacity of cocultured SDF-1+ mesenchymal stem cell with CD34+ cells as examined by quantitative RT-PCR of human GAPDH. To enhance homing effect by mesenchymal stem cell, we maintained expanded mesenchymal stem cells for up to 5–10 passages with monitoring of the expression of various tissue surface antigens, such as skeletal muscle, neural, liver, and endothelial cells. SDF-1+ mesenchymal stem cells induced the homing of cellular products of stimulated cord blood-derived CD34-positive cells for 10 days. Moreover, the tranfected SDF-1+ cells with a green fluorescent protein gene using lentivirus maintained their capacities of protein release and homing in culture system. SDF-1− mesenchymal stem cells reduced CXCR4 expression in cocultured CD34-positive cells. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the role of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis is an important rold in the regulation of homing and engraftment of mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells. SDF-1+ mesenchymal stem cells have clinical potential to regulate homing and short-term engraftment for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
43
NAZARENKO, A. "THE VIBRATION MONITORING SYSTEM REDUCES DOWNTIME." Stankoinstrument 9, no. 4 (2017): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22184/24999407.2017.9.4.48.49.
Full text
44
Zhao, Wenhui, Jianjun Wu, Qiu Shen, Jianhua Yang, and Xinyi Han. "Exploring the Ability of Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Drought Monitoring Based on an Intelligent Irrigation Control System." Remote Sensing 14, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 6157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236157.
Full textAbstract:
Drought is one of the most devastating disasters and a serious constraint on agricultural development. The reflectance-based vegetation indices (VIs), such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), have been widely used for drought monitoring, but there is a lag in the response of VIs to the changes of photosynthesis induced by drought. Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is closely related to photosynthesis of vegetation and can capture changes induced by drought timely. This study investigated the capability of SIF for drought monitoring. An intelligent irrigation control system (IICS) utilizing the Internet of Things was designed and constructed. The soil moisture of the experiment plots was controlled at 60–80% (well-watered, T1), 50–60% (mild water stress, T2), 40–50% (moderate water stress, T3) and 30–40% (severe water stress, T4) of the field water capacity using the IICS based on data collected by soil moisture sensors. Meanwhile, SIF, NDVI, Normalized Difference Red Edge (NDRE) and Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI) were collected for a long time series using an automated spectral monitoring system. The differences in the responses of SIF, NDVI, NDRE and OSAVI to different drought intensities were fully analyzed. This study illustrates that the IICS can realize precise irrigation management strategies and the construction of regulated deficit irrigation treatments. SIF significantly decreased under mild stress, while NDVI, NDRE and OSAVI only significantly decreased under moderate and severe stress, indicating that SIF is more sensitive to drought. This study demonstrates the excellent ability of SIF for drought monitoring and lays the foundation for the future application of SIF in agricultural drought monitoring.
45
Leng, Song, Alfredo Huete, Jamie Cleverly, Sicong Gao, Qiang Yu, Xianyong Meng, Junyu Qi, Rongrong Zhang, and Qianfeng Wang. "Assessing the Impact of Extreme Droughts on Dryland Vegetation by Multi-Satellite Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence." Remote Sensing 14, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071581.
Full textAbstract:
Satellite-estimated solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is proven to be an effective indicator for dynamic drought monitoring, while the capability of SIF to assess the variability of dryland vegetation under water and heat stress remains challenging. This study presents an analysis of the responses of dryland vegetation to the worst extreme drought over the past two decades in Australia, using multi-source spaceborne SIF derived from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). Vegetation functioning was substantially constrained by this extreme event, especially in the interior of Australia, in which there was hardly seasonal growth detected by neither satellite-based observations nor tower-based flux measurements. At a 16-day interval, both SIF and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) can timely capture the reduction at the onset of drought over dryland ecosystems. The results demonstrate that satellite-observed SIF has the potential for characterizing and monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of drought over water-limited ecosystems, despite coarse spatial resolution coupled with high-retrieval noise as compared with EVI. Furthermore, our study highlights that SIF retrieved from TROPOMI featuring substantially enhanced spatiotemporal resolution has the promising capability for accurately tracking the drought-induced variation of heterogeneous dryland vegetation.
46
Zhang, Lifu, Na Qiao, Changping Huang, and Siheng Wang. "Monitoring Drought Effects on Vegetation Productivity Using Satellite Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence." Remote Sensing 11, no. 4 (February 13, 2019): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11040378.
Full textAbstract:
Around the world, the increasing drought, which is exacerbated by climate change, has significant impacts on vegetation carbon assimilation. Identifying how short-term climate anomalies influence vegetation productivity in a timely and accurate manner at the satellite scale is crucial to monitoring drought. Satellite solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has recently been reported as a direct proxy of actual vegetation photosynthesis and has more advantages than traditional vegetation indices (e.g., the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI and the Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI) in monitoring vegetation vitality. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of SIF in interpreting drought effects on vegetation productivity in Victoria, Australia, where heat stress and drought are often reported. Drought-induced variations in SIF and absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) estimations based on NDVI and EVI were investigated and validated against results indicated by gross primary production (GPP). We first compared drought responses of GPP and vegetation proxies (SIF and APAR) during the 2009 drought event, considering potential biome-dependency. Results showed that SIF exhibited more consistent declines with GPP losses induced by drought than did APAR estimations during the 2009 drought period in space and time, where APAR had obvious lagged responses compared with SIF, especially in evergreen broadleaf forest land. We then estimated the sensitivities of the aforementioned variables to meteorology anomalies using the ARx model, where memory effects were considered, and compared the correlations of GPP anomaly with the anomalies of vegetation proxies during a relatively long period (2007–2013). Compared with APAR, GPP and SIF are more sensitive to temperature anomalies for the general Victoria region. For crop land, GPP and vegetation proxies showed similar sensitivities to temperature and water availability. For evergreen broadleaf forest land, SIF anomaly was explained better by meteorology anomalies than APAR anomalies. GPP anomaly showed a stronger linear relationship with SIF anomaly than with APAR anomalies, especially for evergreen broadleaf forest land. We showed that SIF might be a promising tool for effectively evaluating short-term drought impacts on vegetation productivity, especially in drought-vulnerable areas, such as Victoria.
47
Mukhtar, Wan Maisarah, Siti Nadiah Latib, Razman Mohd Halim, and Affa Rozana Abdul Rashid. "Graphene Based Macrobend Unclad SMF for Monitoring pH Level in Aqueous Environment." Solid State Phenomena 307 (July 2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.307.78.
Full textAbstract:
Partial unclad fibers with diameters ranging from d=121μm to d=125μm were fabricated using standard telecommunications optical fiber (SMF28) via low cost mechanical swipe-off technique. Graphene oxide (GO) was deposited using drop casting method on the outer side of the partial unclad SMF. IR laser with excitation wavelengths of λ=1310nm and λ=1550nm were launched along the graphene-coated SMF. The sensitivity of graphene based macrobend unclad SMFs were investigated by introducing two different pH of aqueous environment with values of 3.5 (acidic) and 12.5 (alkaline) that acted as sensing media. The optimum power loss was obtained as smallest diameter of partial unclad SMF with d=121μm was appointed. As uncoated SMF was replaced with the GO coated SMF which had been immersed into 3.5pH liquid solution, it was found that the optical power losses were increased about 6.79dBm and 5.15dBm using laser with λ1=1310nm and λ2=1550nm respectively. The uncoated SMFs experienced the increment of power losses about 2.11dBm and 5.15dBm as they were soaked into the solution with pH=12.5 using similar laser of λ1 and λ2. It is noteworthy to highlight the significant of graphene’s employment on macrobend unclad SMF by using λ1=1310nm in which better sensitivity and selectivity represented by maximum changes of power losses were apparently observed for both solutions. The usage of λ=1550nm exhibited poor selectivity where the partial unclad SMF unable to differentiate two contrasting pH solution. In conclusion, graphene based macrobend fiber optic sensor for pH detection was successfully developed by employing partial unclad SMF with cladding diameter of d=121μm and laser wavelength of λ=1310nm due to the enhancement of evanescent field’s strength.
48
Duveiller, Gregory, Federico Filipponi, Sophia Walther, Philipp Köhler, Christian Frankenberg, Luis Guanter, and Alessandro Cescatti. "A spatially downscaled sun-induced fluorescence global product for enhanced monitoring of vegetation productivity." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 1101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1101-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) retrieved from satellite spectrometers can be a highly valuable proxy for photosynthesis. The SIF signal is very small and notoriously difficult to measure, requiring sub-nanometre spectral-resolution measurements, which to date are only available from atmospheric spectrometers sampling at low spatial resolution. For example, the widely used SIF dataset derived from the GOME-2 mission is typically provided in 0.5∘ composites. This paper presents a new SIF dataset based on GOME-2 satellite observations with an enhanced spatial resolution of 0.05∘ and an 8 d time step covering the period 2007–2018. It leverages on a proven methodology that relies on using a light-use efficiency (LUE) modelling approach to establish a semi-empirical relationship between SIF and various explanatory variables derived from remote sensing at higher spatial resolution. An optimal set of explanatory variables is selected based on an independent validation with OCO-2 SIF observations, which are only sparsely available but have a high accuracy and spatial resolution. After bias correction, the resulting downscaled SIF data show high spatio-temporal agreement with the first SIF retrievals from the new TROPOMI mission, opening the path towards establishing a surrogate archive for this promising new dataset. We foresee this new SIF dataset becoming a valuable asset for Earth system science in general and for monitoring vegetation productivity in particular. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.2905/21935FFC-B797-4BEE-94DA-8FEC85B3F9E1 (Duveiller et al., 2019).
49
Jia, Min, Jie Zhu, Chunchen Ma, Luis Alonso, Dong Li, Tao Cheng, Yongchao Tian, Yan Zhu, Xia Yao, and Weixing Cao. "Difference and Potential of the Upward and Downward Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence on Detecting Leaf Nitrogen Concentration in Wheat." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081315.
Full textAbstract:
Precise detection of leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) is helpful for nutrient diagnosis and fertilization guidance in farm crops. Numerous researchers have estimated LNC with techniques based on reflectance spectra or active chlorophyll fluorescence, which have limitations of low accuracy or small scale in the field. Given the correlation between chlorophyll and nitrogen contents, the response of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) to chlorophyll (Chl) content reported in a few papers suggests the feasibility of quantifying LNC using SIF. Few studies have investigated the difference and power of the upward and downward SIF components on monitoring LNC in winter wheat. We conducted two field experiments to evaluate the capacity of SIF to monitor the LNC of winter wheat during the entire growth season and compare the differences of the upward and downward SIF for LNC detection. A FluoWat leaf clip coupled with a ASD spectrometer was used to measure the upward and downward SIF under sunlight. It was found that three (↓FY687, ↑FY687/↑FY739, and ↓FY687/↓FY739) out of the six SIF yield (FY) indices examined were significantly correlated to the LNC (R2 = 0.6, 0.51, 0.75, respectively). The downward SIF yield indices exhibited better performance than the upward FY indices in monitoring the LNC with the ↓FY687/↓FY739 being the best FY index. Moreover, the LNC models based on the three SIF yield indices are insensitive to the chlorophyll content and the leaf mass per area (LMA). These findings suggest the downward SIF should not be neglected for monitoring crop LNC at the leaf scale, although it is more difficult to measure with current instruments. The downward SIF could play an increasingly important role in understanding of the SIF emission for LNC detection at different scales. These results could provide a solid foundation for elucidating the mechanism of SIF for LNC estimation at the canopy scale.
50
Bustos, Richard, Stephen Andrew Gadsden, Pawel Malysz, Mohammad Al-Shabi, and Shohel Mahmud. "Health Monitoring of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Dual Filters." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 2230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062230.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate estimation of a battery’s capacity is critical for determining its state of health (SOH) and retirement, as well as to ensure its reliable operation. In this paper, a dual filter architecture using the Kalman filter (KF) and the novel sliding innovation filter (SIF) was implemented to estimate the capacity and state of charge (SOC) of a lithium-ion battery. NASA’s Prognostic Center of Excellence (PCOE) B005 battery data set was selected for this experiment based on its wide use in academia and industry. This dataset contains cycling data of a 2 Ah lithium-ion battery until its capacity was measured at 1.3 Ah or less. The dual polarity equivalent circuit model (DP-ECM) was selected for modeling. The model parameter values were estimated using the least squares (LS) algorithm. Under normal operating conditions, both the dual-KF and dual-SIF performed similarly in terms of estimation accuracy. However, an uncertainty case was considered where the filters were subjected to rapid changing dynamics by cutting the data by 300 cycles. In this case, the battery capacity root-mean-square error (RMSE) for the dual-KF and the proposed dual-SIF were 0.1233 and 0.0675, respectively. Under rapidly changing dynamics and faulty conditions, the dual-SIF shows better convergence and robustness to disturbances.