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Journal articles on the topic 'SnAP-reagents'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Luescher, Michael, and Jeffrey Bode. "Evidence for a Radical Mechanism in Cu(II)-Promoted SnAP Reactions." Synlett 30, no. 04 (February 5, 2019): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611670.

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Saturated nitrogen heterocycles can be found with increasing abundance in bioactive molecules despite a limited number of methods to access these scaffolds. However, the coupling of recently introduced SnAP [tin (Sn) amine protocol] reagents with a wide range of aldehydes and ketones has proven to be a reliable, practical, and versatile one-step approach to saturated N-heterocycles. While effective, the lack of mechanistic understanding limits efforts to develop new catalytic and enantioselective variants. To distinguish between a polar or radical mechanism, we assessed Lewis and Brønsted acids, radical trapping experiments, and radical clock SnAP reagents reinforcing the current understanding of the SnAP protocol as a radical cyclization.

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2

Yoshino, Tatsuhiko. "Synthesis of Saturated N-Heterocycles with SnAP Reagents." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 73, no. 6 (2015): 651–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.651.

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3

Luescher, Michael U., Cam-Van T. Vo, and Jeffrey W. Bode. "SnAP Reagents for the Synthesis of Piperazines and Morpholines." Organic Letters 16, no. 4 (February 6, 2014): 1236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol500210z.

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4

Zhou, Guan, Xingwang Deng, Jing Tian, Mobashar Hussain Urf Turabe Fazil, Rajamani Lakshminarayanan, and Rajavel Srinivasan. "SnAP reagents for the synthesis of selenomorpholines and 1,4-selenazepanes and their biological evaluation." Chemical Communications 56, no. 12 (2020): 1780–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc09337k.

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We report the first set of selenium-containing SnAP reagents for the direct synthesis of C-substituted selenomorpholines and 1,4-selenazepanes and the biological evaluation of these elusive N-heterocycles.

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5

Aliprandi, Marisa, Eleonora Sparacio, Flavia Pivetta, Giuseppe Ossolengo, Roberta Maestro, and Ario de Marco. "The Availability of a Recombinant Anti-SNAP Antibody in VHH Format Amplifies the Application Flexibility of SNAP-Tagged Proteins." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/658954.

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Antibodies are indispensable reagents in basic research, and those raised against tags constitute a useful tool for the evaluation of the biochemistry and biology of novel proteins. In this paper, we describe the isolation and characterization of a single-domain recombinant antibody (VHH) specific for the SNAP-tag, using Twist2 as a test-protein. The antibody was efficient in western blot, immunoprecipitation, immunopurification, and immunofluorescence. The sequence corresponding to the anti-SNAP has been subcloned for large-scale expression in vectors that allow its fusion to either a 6xHis-tag or the Fc domain of rabbit IgG2 taking advantage of a new plasmid that was specifically designed for VHH antibodies. The two different fusion antibodies were compared in immunopurification and immunofluorescence experiments, and the recombinant protein SNAP-Twist2 was accurately identified by the anti-SNAP Fc-VHH construct in the nuclear/nucleolar subcellular compartment. Furthermore, such localization was confirmed by direct Twist2 identification by means of anti-Twisit2 VHH antibodies recovered after panning of the same naïve phage display library used to isolate the anti-SNAP binders. Our successful localization of Twist2 protein using the SNAP-tag-based approach and the anti-Twist2-specific recombinant single-domain antibodies opens new research possibilities in this field.

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6

Luescher, Michael U., Cam-Van T. Vo, and Jeffrey W. Bode. "ChemInform Abstract: SnAP Reagents for the Synthesis of Piperazines and Morpholines." ChemInform 45, no. 32 (July 24, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201432028.

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7

Luescher, Michael. "Stannylamine Protocol (SnAP) Reagents for the Synthesis of C–Substituted Morpholines from Aldehydes." Organic Syntheses 95 (2018): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15227/orgsyn.095.0357.

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8

Luescher, Michael U., and Jeffrey W. Bode. "Catalytic Synthesis of N-Unprotected Piperazines, Morpholines, and Thiomorpholines from Aldehydes and SnAP Reagents." Angewandte Chemie 127, no. 37 (July 23, 2015): 11034–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201505167.

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9

Luescher, Michael U., and Jeffrey W. Bode. "Catalytic Synthesis of N-Unprotected Piperazines, Morpholines, and Thiomorpholines from Aldehydes and SnAP Reagents." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 54, no. 37 (July 23, 2015): 10884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201505167.

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10

Geoghegan, Kimberly, and Jeffrey W. Bode. "Bespoke SnAP Reagents for the Synthesis of C-Substituted Spirocyclic and Bicyclic Saturated N-Heterocycles." Organic Letters 17, no. 8 (March 30, 2015): 1934–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00618.

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11

Vo, Cam-Van T., Michael U. Luescher, and Jeffrey W. Bode. "SnAP reagents for the one-step synthesis of medium-ring saturated N-heterocycles from aldehydes." Nature Chemistry 6, no. 4 (March 2, 2014): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1878.

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12

Siau, Woon-Yew, and Jeffrey W. Bode. "One-Step Synthesis of Saturated Spirocyclic N-Heterocycles with Stannyl Amine Protocol (SnAP) Reagents and Ketones." Journal of the American Chemical Society 136, no. 51 (December 9, 2014): 17726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja511232b.

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13

Jindakun, Chalupat, Sheng-Ying Hsieh, and Jeffrey W. Bode. "Iridium-catalyzed Synthesis of Saturated N-Heterocycles from Aldehydes and SnAP Reagents with Continuous Flow Photochemistry." Organic Letters 20, no. 7 (March 20, 2018): 2071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00611.

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14

Luescher, Michael U., and Jeffrey W. Bode. "ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Synthesis of N-Unprotected Piperazines, Morpholines, and Thiomorpholines from Aldehydes and SnAP Reagents." ChemInform 47, no. 4 (January 2016): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201604154.

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15

Luescher, Michael U., and Jeffrey W. Bode. "SnAP-eX Reagents for the Synthesis of Exocyclic 3-Amino- and 3-Alkoxypyrrolidines and Piperidines from Aldehydes." Organic Letters 18, no. 11 (May 18, 2016): 2652–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01099.

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16

Geoghegan, Kimberly, and Jeffrey W. Bode. "ChemInform Abstract: Bespoke SnAP Reagents for the Synthesis of C-Substituted Spirocyclic and Bicyclic Saturated N-Heterocycles." ChemInform 46, no. 34 (August 2015): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201534133.

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17

Vo, Cam-Van T., Michael U. Luescher, and Jeffrey W. Bode. "ChemInform Abstract: SnAP Reagents for the One-Step Synthesis of Medium-Ring Saturated N-Heterocycles from Aldehydes." ChemInform 45, no. 39 (September 11, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201439205.

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18

Su, Jun, Qihang Zhang, Jacob Moalem, James Tse, Peter M. Scholz, and Harvey R. Weiss. "Functional effects of C-type natriuretic peptide and nitric oxide are attenuated in hypertrophic myocytes from pressure-overloaded mouse hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 288, no. 3 (March 2005): H1367—H1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00880.2004.

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Increases in the myocardial level of cGMP usually exert negative inotropic effects in the mammalian hearts. We tested the hypothesis that the negative functional effects caused by nitric oxide (NO) or C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) through cGMP would be blunted in hypertrophied cardiac myocytes. Contractile function, guanylyl cyclase activity, cGMP-dependent protein phosphorylation, and calcium transients were assessed in ventricular myocytes from aortic stenosis-induced hypertrophic and age-matched control mice. Basal percentage shortening was similar in control and hypertrophic myocytes. S-nitroso- N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP, an NO donor, 10−6 and 10−5 M) or CNP (10−8 and 10−7 M) reduced percentage shortening in both groups, but their effects were blunted in hypertrophic myocytes. Maximal rates of shortening and relaxation were depressed at the basal level, and both reagents had attenuated effects in hypertrophy. Similar results were also found after treatment with guanylin and carbon monoxide, other stimulators of particulate, and soluble guanylyl cyclase, respectively. Guanylyl cyclase activity was not significantly changed in hypertrophy. Addition of Rp-8-[(4-chlorophenyl)thio]-cGMPS triethylamine (an inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, 5 × 10−6 M) blocked SNAP or the effect of CNP in control mice but not in hypertrophy, indicating the cGMP-dependent kinase (PKG) may not mediate the actions of cGMP induced by NO or CNP in the hypertrophic state. Calcium transients after SNAP or CNP were not significantly changed in hypertrophy. These results suggest that in hypertrophied mice, diminished effects of NO or CNP on ventricular myocyte contraction are not due to changes in guanylyl cyclase activity. The data also indicated that PKG-mediated pathways were diminished in hypertrophied myocardium, contributing to blunted effects.

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19

Roberdi, Roberdi, and Ogi Ajitiyo Ramadhan. "OPTIMASI PRIMER SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHYSM (SNAP) PADA GEN BRASSINOSTEROID (BRI) KELAPA SAWIT." Jurnal Sains Natural 9, no. 2 (December 22, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v9i2.265.

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Optimisation of Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphism (SNAP) Primers in Brassinosteroid (BRI) Gene of Oil Palm Oil palm varieties that have high yields still have a high rate of stem height increase, and it has an impact on difficulties at harvest. Brassinosteroid (BRI) is one of the growth hormones that regulate stem height increase. In this study, the sample used is three types of oil palm, namely E. guineensis which represents the height growth of normal oil palm stems, E. oleifera which represents slow stem height growth, and the result of crossing or hybrid Eo x Eg which is expected to inherit the traits between the two the crossed parent. Sequencing was carried out on samples using a specific primer for the BRI gene that triggers elongation and division of stem cells. The Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphisms (SNAP) primers used in the analysis process need to find the optimum temperature to obtain the optimum PCR conditions. Four primers of Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphism (SNAP) that get the optimum temperature with a mixture of normal reagents are BRI 69 Alt-Rev and BRI 562 Ref-Rev at 55oC, BRI 1206 Alt-Rev at 57oC and BRI 1206 Ref-Rev at 58oC. Two primers require additional MgCl2 in the reactant mixture, namely BRI 69 Ref-Rev at 55oC and BRI 2115 Alt-Rev at 56oC.Keywords: Oil palm, Brassinosteroid, Primer, DNA, GenesABSTRAK Varietas-varietas kelapa sawit yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi umumnya masih memiliki laju pertambahan tinggi yang relatif cepat dan berakibat pada kesulitan saat panen. Brassinosteroid (BRI) merupakan salah satu hormon pertumbuhan yang mengatur pertambahan tinggi batang. Pada studi ini, Sampel yang digunakan adalah tiga jenis kelapa sawit yaitu sampel E. guineensis yang mewakili pertumbuhan tinggi batang kelapa sawit normal, E. oleifera yang mewakili pertumbuhan tinggi batang lambat, dan hasil persilangan atau hibrida Eo x Eg yang diharapkan mewarisi sifat antara kedua induk yang disilangkan. Sekuensing dilakukan pada sampel menggunakan primer spesifik gen BRI yang memicu pemanjangan dan pembelahan sel batang. Primer Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphisms (SNAP) yang digunakan dalam proses analisis perlu dicari suhu optimumnya agar didapatkan kondisi PCR yang optimum sehingga dihasilkan produk PCR yang spesifik. Empat primer Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphism (SNAP) yang mendapatkan suhu optimum dengan campuran pereaksi normal yaitu BRI 69 Alt-Rev dan BRI 562 Ref-Rev pada suhu 55oC, BRI 1206 Alt-Rev pada suhu 57oC dan BRI 1206 Ref-Rev pada suhu 58oC. Dua primer membutuhkan tambahan MgCl2 pada campuran pereaksinya yaitu BRI 69 Ref-Rev pada suhu 55oC dan BRI 2115 Alt-Rev pada suhu 56oC.Kata Kunci: Kelapa sawit, Brassinosteroid, Primer, DNA, Gen

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20

Siau, Woon-Yew, and Jeffrey W. Bode. "ChemInform Abstract: One-Step Synthesis of Saturated Spirocyclic N-Heterocycles with Stannyl Amine Protocol (SnAP) Reagents and Ketones." ChemInform 46, no. 24 (May 27, 2015): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201524105.

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21

Vo, Cam-Van T., Gediminas Mikutis, and Jeffrey W. Bode. "SnAP Reagents for the Transformation of Aldehydes into Substituted Thiomorpholines-An Alternative to Cross-Coupling with Saturated Heterocycles." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 52, no. 6 (December 23, 2012): 1705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201208064.

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22

Vo, Cam-Van T., Gediminas Mikutis, and Jeffrey W. Bode. "SnAP Reagents for the Transformation of Aldehydes into Substituted Thiomorpholines-An Alternative to Cross-Coupling with Saturated Heterocycles." Angewandte Chemie 125, no. 6 (December 23, 2012): 1749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201208064.

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23

Vo, Cam-Van T., Gediminas Mikutis, and Jeffrey W. Bode. "ChemInform Abstract: SnAP Reagents for the Transformation of Aldehydes into Substituted Thiomorpholines - An Alternative to Cross-Coupling with Saturated Heterocycles." ChemInform 44, no. 24 (May 23, 2013): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201324165.

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24

Xu, Tian-Rui, Richard J. Ward, John D. Pediani, and Graeme Milligan. "The orexin OX1 receptor exists predominantly as a homodimer in the basal state: potential regulation of receptor organization by both agonist and antagonist ligands." Biochemical Journal 439, no. 1 (September 14, 2011): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20110230.

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It is unclear what proportion of a G-protein-coupled receptor is present in cells as dimers or oligomers. Saturation bioluminescence resonance energy transfer studies demonstrated the orexin OX1 receptor to be present in such complexes. Forms of this receptor containing a minimal epitope tag, with the C-terminus linked to yellow fluorescent protein or modified at the N-terminus to incorporate a SNAP tag, migrated in SDS/PAGE gels as monomers, indicating a lack of covalent interactions. Solubilization with dodecylmaltoside, followed by Blue native-PAGE, indicated that the receptor constructs migrated predominantly as anticipated for dimeric species with evidence for further, higher-order, complexes, and this was true over a wide range of expression levels. Addition of SDS prior to separation by Blue native-PAGE resulted in much of the previously dimeric, and all of the higher-order, complexes being dissociated and now migrating at the size predicted for monomeric species. Expression of forms of the OX1 receptor capable of generating enzyme complementation confirmed that solubilization itself did not result in interaction artefacts. Addition of the endogenous agonist orexin A enhanced the proportion of higher-order OX1 receptor complexes, whereas selective OX1 antagonists increased the proportion the OX1 receptor migrating in Blue native-PAGE as a monomer. The antagonist effects were produced in a concentration-dependent manner, consistent with the affinity of the ligands for the receptor. Homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies using Tag-Lite™ reagents on cells expressing the SNAP-tagged OX1 receptor identified cell-surface OX1 homomers. Predominantly at low receptor expression levels, orexin A increased such fluorescence resonance energy transfer signals, also consistent with ligand-induced reorganization of the homomeric complex.

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25

Miyashita, Shin-Ichiro, Shura Karatsu, Mako Fujiishi, I. Hsun Huang, Yuki Nagashima, Tamaki Morobishi, Keita Hosoya, Tsuyoshi Hata, Min Dong, and Yoshimasa Sagane. "Characterization of Serotype CD Mosaic Botulinum Neurotoxin in Comparison with Serotype C and A." Toxins 15, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020123.

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Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), produced by Clostridium botulinum, cleaves proteins involved in neurotransmitter release, thereby triggering flaccid paralyses, which are responsible for botulism. BoNT is classified into seven serotypes (BoNT/A-G); BoNT/A and BoNT/B are used as medical therapeutics and anti-wrinkle reagents. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of BoNT/CD, a mosaic toxin of BoNT/C and BoNT/D, to assess its potential as a therapeutic alternative for BoNT/A. In a cultured neuron assay, BoNT/CD cleaved syntaxin and SNAP-25 with higher efficacy than BoNT/C and BoNT/A. Intramuscularly administrated BoNT/CD induced dose-dependent muscle paralysis, and the paralysis lasted ~21 days in a mouse digit abduction score assay (BoNT/A-induced paralysis lasted ~30 days). BoNT/C failed to induce local paralysis without systemic toxicity. Multiple alignment analyses of the amino acid sequences of the receptor binding domain (HC) of eight BoNT/CDs and two BoNT/Ds showed sequence clustering in five groups. Comparing BoNT/CD strain 003-9 (BoNT/CD003-9) and strain 6813 (BoNT/CD6813) showed that both BoNT/CDs displayed similar efficacies in cultured neurons, but BoNT/CD003-9 displayed higher efficacy in a mouse model than BoNT/CD6813. These findings suggest that BoNT/CD may be a potential alternative for patients who do not respond to existing BoNT-based therapeutics.

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26

Schmid, K. W., A. Hittmair, H. Schmidhammer, and B. Jasani. "Non-deleterious inhibition of endogenous peroxidase activity (EPA) by cyclopropanone hydrate: a definitive approach." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 4 (April 1989): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.4.2647839.

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Endogenous peroxidase activity (EPA) poses a serious problem in immunoperoxidase localization of antigens unable to withstand deleterious effects of aldehyde fixatives, alcohols, and various oxidative reagents. This has forced the development of more selective inhibition methods. Of these, phenylhydrazine or azide combined with small amounts of H2O2 have proved quite effective. However, the precise mechanism of the action of these compounds on EPA generating proteins is not understood. Cyclopropanone hydrate is a compound whose inhibitory action on the heme moiety of horseradish peroxidase is well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this compound on EPA and to compare its efficiency with that of optimal phenylhydrazine and sodium azide regimens. In addition, any gross deleteriousness of cyclopropanone hydrate towards immunoperoxidase immunolocalization of three of the most delicate lymphocyte surface antigens was investigated. Cyclopropanone hydrate was found to inhibit EPA with progressing strength between 0.15-15 mM. Over this range, H2O2 was found necessary for inhibition only for cyclopropanone hydrate concentrations up to 0.15 mM. Beyond this amount, the compound inhibited EPA equally strongly in the presence or absence of H2O2, reaching near-maximum inhibition at 15 mM. This and the H2O2-requiring regimens were found to cause no gross diminution in immunoperoxidase staining of CD4, CD6, and CD8 antigens in snap-frozen, acetone-fixed human tonsil sections. Cyclopropanone hydrate therefore provides a definitive non-deleterious mode of inhibiting EPA for immunoperoxidase staining of delicate antigens.

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27

Mandal, Debashis. "Stannyl Amine Protocol (SnAP) Reagents." Postdoc Journal, March 19, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14304/surya.jpr.v4n3.7.

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28

Luescher, Michael U., and Jeffrey W. Bode. "ChemInform Abstract: SnAP-eX Reagents for the Synthesis of Exocyclic 3-Amino- and 3-Alkoxypyrrolidines and Piperidines from Aldehydes." ChemInform 47, no. 42 (September 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201642031.

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29

Bedu-Addo, Kenneth, Ulrike Gayh, Dennis Waltenberg, and Irma Livier De Regil Sánchez. "Performance evaluation of the Worms subsurface flow constructed wetland for treating black water using insitu and exsitu analytical methods." Discover Water 3, no. 1 (January 24, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43832-023-00026-0.

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AbstractThis paper evaluates the performance of a subsurface flow constructed wetland at Worms Germany used for the treatment of black and grey water from a non-residential facility. Snap black water samples from four wells made up of a clarifying unit, an activated carbon unit and an aeration unit were analysed insitu using the HACH HQ40d multimeter and exsitu using Sensafe water metals check strips for preliminary metal detection onsite. HACH bar code reagents, a HACH Digital Reactor Block 200 (DRB200) and a HACH DR 3900 Spectrophotometer were subsequently used for the analysis of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen demand (COD), Ammonium (NH4-N) and Nitrate (NO3-N) in the lab. The removal efficiency for the constructed wetland was in the order BOD > Cr > COD > NH4-N > NO3-N > Pb. The 57.90% removal efficiency of COD for the constructed wetland was due to the higher fractions of inert COD which constitutes a part black water. This makes the use of the BOD/COD ratios of 0.69 and 0.5 for wells 1 and 4 an unreliable index for the determination of amenability of COD in black water with regards to microbial activity at the wetland at Worms. The pH range of 7.2–8.4 of the blackwater is conducive for the growth microbes necessary for the breakdown of organic matter in the black water. Further investigation including plant and sediment analysis over different seasons has to be undertaken if the efficiency of the constructed wetland for nutrients and metals removal is to be optimized.

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