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1
Choi, Sai Heung. "Smolder behavior and smoke characterization of polyurethane foam /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202004%20CHOI.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-67). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Ho, Sai-yin Daniel. "Mortality attributable to smoking in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20720907.
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Tarbiah, Nesrin. "Investigation of the effects of cigarette smoke on immunoglobulin levels in serum and saliva samples of smoker and non-smoker subjects using antibody-microarray technology." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43488/.
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Cigarette smoke (CS) has many damaging effects on the body, and the chronic inhalation of cigarette smoke can change immunological functions through impact on both innate and adaptive immunity. The incidences of many diseases are affected by the adverse effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system, and the induction of an inflammatory response, which affects several tissues and organs. On this basis, a comparison of smokers′ and non-smokers′ immunoglobulin levels could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of smoking related diseases. Although the effects of cigarette smoking on humoral and cellular immunity have been investigated previously, the results have varied between the studies, and therefore more research is still required. The aim of this study was to determine whether the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes are different in the serum and saliva of non-smoking individuals compared to smoking individuals. An examination of serum and saliva would provide information on the effects of cigarette smoke systemically and in the oral mucosa, respectively. The effects of cigarette smoke extract on B-cell secretions were also examined to establish whether cigarette smoke components can have direct effects on immunoglobulin production by B cells. In order to determine Ig isotype levels, antibody microarray techniques were established and calibrated for determining the sample concentrations of IgM, IgG, IgA and IgD. The results showed that smoking has different effects on systemic and salivary immunoglobulin levels. In the serum, smokers had decreased levels of IgG and IgD, but increased IgM and IgA levels compared to non-smokers. However, in the saliva smokers had decreased levels of IgG, IgD, and IgM, whereas there were increased levels of IgA in smokers’ saliva. As CS has been found to influence the serum and salivary levels of Ig isotypes ex-vivo, the mechanisms underlying these effects were investigated in vitro to determine whether the changes were as a result of a direct effect of the CS on B-cells. This study has shown that CS had deleterious effects on the production and the levels, of Ig isotypes. These results support the concept that CS is related to diseases, and more research is necessary in this field.
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鄭珊珊 and Shan-shan Cheng. "A clinical guideline for helping smoker parents to reduce their children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40720482.
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Cheng, Shan-shan. "A clinical guideline for helping smoker parents to reduce their children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40720482.
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Borland, Colin David Ross. "Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke in the development of cardiorespiratory disease in smokers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/238521.
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Nair, Uma S. "Body Image Concerns and Urge to Smoke among Physically Active and Sedentary College-age Female Smokers." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/115221.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
Introduction: Smoking is often used as a maladaptive weight control strategy among college-age females who have increased weight concerns. Many perceived benefits accrued from smoking including enhanced mood, reduced anxiety, and weight control can also be achieved through physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a novel behavioral task (body-image exposure task) that was designed to elicit weight concerns on urge to smoke among college-age female smokers who vary in levels of physical activity. Methods: Using a cue-reactivity paradigm, 16 sedentary and 21 physically active college-age female smokers were exposed to a pilot tested body-image exposure session. Self-reported urge and smoking topography variables were obtained before and after the exposure session along with measures of body dissatisfaction, positive and negative affect, and physical-appearance related anxiety at the two time-points. Results: Paired sample t-test showed significant increases in self-reported urge (p <.01) and quicker latency to first puff (p <.01) at post test for the entire sample. Significant differences were not seen in the other topography variables of puff duration, puff number, and inter-puff interval. Results of partial correlation indicated lower self-reported urge at post-test was associated with increased time engaging vigorous intensity physical activity (r =-0.44 ; p =.01). However, association between latency to first puff and physical activity was not significant (r=-.10; p=.62). The body-image exposure session also significantly increased body dissatisfaction (p < .01), and anxiety related to physical appearance (p < .01) while lowering positive affect at post-test (p <.01). Baseline measures of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with increased self-reported urge at post-test (r= .59, p = .03) urge though this relationship was not significant after controlling for vigorous intensity of physical activity (r = .33; p = .07) showing the potential protective effects of physical activity on smoking urges. Conclusion: These results suggest that physical activity can be protective of smoking urges in a situation that increases weight concerns among young women and emphasizes the need to incorporate physical activity components along with cognitive behavioral therapy in tailoring smoking cessation interventions in this population. Future research should continue to explore effects of physical activity on reactivity to body-cues and explore variability in cue-reactivity as a result of physical activity.
Temple University--Theses
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Cushing, Karen. "Cardiovascular responses to selected components of cigarette smoke (carbon monoxide and nicotine) in male and female smokers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0006/MQ42604.pdf.
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Ho, Sai-yin Daniel, and 何世賢. "Mortality attributable to smoking in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29893276.
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Scanlin, Matthew C. "The Effects of Stress-Related Rumination Versus Distraction on Nicotine Cravings and Latency to Smoke among Nicotine-Deprived Smokers." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1572553054250324.
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Chiang, Yu-hwa 1964. "Self-esteem and conformity among Taiwanese adolescent non-smokers, light-smokers, and heavy-smokers." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558174.
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Andrews, Anita Singh. "Information Processing of Auditory and Visual Nicotine Cues in Smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499596.
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Maguire, Gabriel. "Remote Smoker Monitoring System Incorporating Preemptive Smoking Detection." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1623268732185854.
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Habsha, Effrat. "Survival of osseointegrated dental implants in smokers and non-smokers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ53413.pdf.
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Sudo, Hiroko 1977. "Point mutations in normal lungs of smokers and non-smokers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36321.
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Thesis (Ph. D. in Genetic Toxicology)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Biological Engineering Division, 2004.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-161).
It is a widely-held hypothesis that environmental mutagens play an essential role in human somatic and germinal cell mutagenesis. In particular, the finding of small amounts of chemical mutagens in cigarette smoke has led to the general hypothesis that mutagens in cigarette smoke induce oncomutations and thus account for the carcinogenic effect of cigarette smoking in human lungs. However, this hypothesis has not been tested by an assay of nuclear point mutations in lungs of smokers and nonsmokers. Mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA), an effective form of allele-specific PCR, was applied for detection of point mutations in TP53 bp742, bp746 and bp747, K-ras bp35 and HPRT bp508 from a total of 291 tracheal-bronchial epithelial sectors from six smokers and nine non-smokers, yielding 949 individual mutational assays. The conditions of MAMA for each target point mutations were optimized such that the sensitivity of each was equal to or below 10⁻⁵. Lung epithelial sectors of 2.3x10⁶ cells in average contained 0-200 mutant cells in general, equivalent to mutant fractions (MFs) of 0-10⁻⁴ with an exception of rare sectors with MF larger than 4x 10⁻⁴ (4.6%). Noticeably, the distributions of the MFs among sectors did not vary appreciably with the donor's smoking status. The mean MFs per lung were very similar between smokers and non-smokers for all five target mutations assayed (p >> 0.05). The mean MFs were slightly higher in females than males (p = 0.015). The mean MFs increased with age of the subjects although the correlation did not reach statistical significance due to large variances within the same age group. The distributions of MF among sectors of smokers and non-smokers did not differ significantly by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
(cont.) for all target mutations but HPRT. By using hypothetical turnover unit sizes and Poisson distribution, the turnover unit size of human tracheal bronchial epithelium was estimated as 64 cells (p = 0.05). These observations do not support the widely-held hypothesis that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer through its induction of point mutations in nuclear genes. The current findings demonstrate the necessity of investigation on alternative mechanisms for tobacco smoke in lung carcinogenesis.
by Hiroko Sudo.
Ph.D.in Genetic Toxicology
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Forst, Kimberly Nora. "Impulsivity and Delay Discounting Measures Among Smokers and Non-Smokers." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2292.
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The purpose of the current study is to measure whether delay discounting and impulsivity will differentiate between smokers and non-smokers. It is important to extend upon previous research to understand the effects of antecedent control of delay discounting and impulsivity. Research on this subject is important in developing effective interventions for impulsive behavior like smoking cigarettes. Two surveys were provided to participants: The Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ-27) and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11). An unpaired t test was used to interpret results. Neither the MCQ-11 nor the BIS-11 had a significant difference. Further analysis was conducted comparing age differences using unpaired and paired t tests. There was significant data to support that self-ratings of impulsive behavior differed with age comparisons in the BIS-11. Smokers (ages 26-28) were more impulsive than non-smokers (ages 22-28), and smokers (ages 20-29) showed no statistical significance when compared to smokers (ages 52-68). The MCQ-27 did not show a significant difference in overt impulsive behavior.
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Burke, Grace. "Smokers' talk : using Membership Categorisation Analysis to look at smokers' talk." Thesis, Ulster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535149.
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This thesis represents an exploration of smokers’ talk taking an ethnomethodologically- inspired conversation analysis approach to the data, with a specific focus on Membership Categorisation Analysis. Recent MCA research has revealed the unique insight that the approach offers to analysts interested in the study of everyday interaction and how individuals produce themselves as ‘certain types of people’ in the context of their routine encounters. The analysis of categories as a product of talk offers an alternative way of viewing categories that is empirically grounded in routine talk-in-interaction, as an accomplishment of the participants. The research presented here examines the demonstrable relevance of the category ‘smoker’ for participants in their categorisation of themselves and others and reveals both the situated nature of this category work and the implicit normative assumptions relating to the activity of smoking that speakers draw on as they negotiate, accept or reject category incumbency. The research presented here thus examines smokers’ talk in order to bring to light taken-for-granted members’ knowledge of smokers and smoking as a sociological phenomenon. In doing so, it also examines how the category of smoker interacts with other categories and how speakers invoke the relevance of other categories in relation to smoking. A further insight that emerges is how speakers orient to smoking as a morally accountable behaviour, and how this ultimately has implications for their productions of themselves and others as types of smokers. In doing this the study contributes both to our understanding of smoking as a sociological phenomenon and to the work of MCA, more specifically to the debate between MCA and CA, highlighting the argument that a reflexive approach, drawing on both categorical and sequential analysis, offers a more comprehensive approach to analysing talk in interaction.
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Darling, Helen Marie, and n/a. "School and personal factors associated with being a smoker." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060830.120926.
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Most adult smokers begin smoking during adolescence; nicotine dependence can develop relatively quickly and, once established, most smokers smoke for approximately 40 years. For adolescents dependent upon nicotine, cessation interventions are not well established. It is, therefore, essential that public health interventions focus on preventing initiation and maintenance and decreasing the prevalence of youth smoking. In spite of legislation to protect New Zealand adolescents, a large proportion continues to use tobacco at least weekly. Recent surveys have shown a slight decrease in cigarette smoking prevalence, overall, but, no reduction and marked increases have been reported within some subgroups.
The overall aim of this research was to identify school and personal factors associated with secondary school students smoking. The specific research objectives included: a) identifying factors at the personal, family, peer, school and 'tobacco-genic' environment levels which were associated with regular and established cigarette smoking; b) describing the extent of smoke-free policy and health education programmes in secondary schools; and, c) evaluating the relations between cigarette smoking among students and potential protective factors, smoke-free policies and practices and health education programmes.
The research was based on data from 3,434 secondary school students from 82 schools. The multi-stage sampling procedures and data analyses ensured that the results were able to be generalised to the New Zealand secondary school student population. Smoking was more prevalent amongst girls for all measures of smoking frequency and significant differences were found for smoking prevalence between ethnic groups and school decile.
In terms of family influences, the smoking behaviours of parents were not associated with increased odds of smoking nor were perceived relationships between students and their parents, or exposure to SHS. In contrast, the smoking behaviour of siblings was associated with increased odds of smoking but it is likely that both student and sibling smoking are both influenced by the same processes within the family. Similarly, low levels of self-concept were not associated with increased odds for daily smoking. The smoking behaviour of a best friend was a pervasive risk factor as was a high level of disposable income, frequent episodes of unsupervised activities, and 'pro-smoking' knowledge. Being male, visiting a place of worship, and the intention to stay at school until after Year 13 reduced the odds of daily smoking among students.
Multilevel models were used to identify school level effects. After adjusting for student, family and school characteristics significant between-school variance in smoking prevalence remained and this suggests that there are factors, arguably beyond the immediate control of the student or family that may influence a student�s smoking behaviour. The presence of a school effect also supports the WHO concept of 'health promoting schools' in that schools can make a difference to health outcomes. Understanding how the health promoting schools model has been interpreted and implemented in NZ schools, along with critique of the implementation of the amended legislation making all schools smoke-free, would be a pertinent 'next-step' in identifying characteristics of schools which are associated with decreased tobacco use.
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Streck, Joanna Mayers. "Investigating Tobacco Withdrawal In Opioid-Maintained Smokers And Smokers With Other Vulnerabilities." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2020. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1075.
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While smoking rates in the general adult population have declined, smoking remains entrenched among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). Individuals with OUD have an extremely high prevalence of smoking, experience poor cessation outcomes, and bear a disproportionate burden of smoking-related adverse health consequences. Data have also suggested that opioid-maintained (OM) smokers may experience a unique response to nicotine including heightened reinforcement and potentially more severe withdrawal when stopping smoking. Thus, this is a sub-group of smokers for which novel harm reduction paradigms are urgently needed to reduce the burden of smoking. A promising national policy is currently under consideration by the Food and Drug Administration to decrease the nicotine content of cigarettes in an effort to reduce smoking prevalence and smoking-related disease. It is critical to understand the extent to which reduced nicotine content cigarettes (RNCCs) can attenuate tobacco withdrawal severity in OM smokers as this has direct implications for the potential acceptability and uptake of reduced nicotine cigarettes in this vulnerable subgroup.
The primary aims of this study were to rigorously examine the effects of OM status on tobacco withdrawal and craving in response to participants’ usual brand cigarette and research cigarettes that varied in nicotine content. Opioid-maintained (OM; n=65) vs. non opioid-maintained (NOM; n=135) smokers completed 5 outpatient laboratory sessions in which they smoked a single research cigarette varying in nicotine content (0.4, 2.4, 5.2, 15.8 mg/g of tobacco) or their usual brand cigarette under double-blind, acute abstinence conditions. Participants completed the Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Scale before and every 15 minutes for one hour following smoking each cigarette. As an exploratory aim, we also examined the contribution of OM status to tobacco withdrawal in the context of several other important characteristics associated with smoking vulnerability (e.g., depression, anxiety, education level). Repeated measures mixed model analyses were used to examine all aims.
Across usual brand cigarettes and RNCCs, tobacco withdrawal and craving did not differ as a function of OM status (p’s >.05). In multivariable models, nicotine dose, time, depression, cigarette dependence, education level, but not OM status, consistently predicted tobacco withdrawal and craving severity (p’s <.05). In particular, depression severity, rather than OM status, was the strongest and most consistent predictor of withdrawal and craving severity among the characteristics examined.
Despite prior data suggesting that OM smokers may respond differently to nicotine and experience more severe withdrawal during reductions in nicotine intake, OM smokers in this study responded favorably to RNCCs. These findings provide additional support for the potential beneficial effects of a national nicotine reduction policy for reducing the burden of smoking and smoking-related consequences among smokers with concurrent OUD.
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Cummings, W. Mark. "Smoke Movement Analysis (Smoke Transport Within a Corridor)." Digital WPI, 2004. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1088.
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"A series of full-scale fire tests were performed, using a fire compartment and an adjoining long (30+ m) corridor, as part of an effort to quantify the dynamics associated with smoke transport within a corridor. The tests were performed at the U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center’s Fire and Safety Test Detachment in Mobile, Alabama on board the Test Vessel Mayo Lykes. The resulting empirical data was analyzed in an effort to develop a method that could be used to estimate the movement of smoke within a corridor. The objective is to potentially incorporate this method into a smoke movement analysis “tool†that could, in turn, be used in conjunction with a fire safety analysis methodology previously developed by the U.S. Coast Guard; the Ship fire Safety Engineering Methodology (SFSEM). The goal is to develop a smoke movement analysis “module†that can be utilized in conjunction with the SFSEM when conducting an overall fire safety analysis of a ship. Of particular interest is the speed at which the smoke propagates along the length of the corridor. The focus of a smoke movement module would be life safety. A conservative assumption is made that if smoke is present in sufficient quantities to fill a corridor, then the corridor is to be considered untenable and not available as a means of egress. No attempt is made to address toxicity or density issues associated with smoke. This analysis developed correlations for the corridor smoke velocity, both as a function of the heat release rate of the associated fire and the upper layer temperatures within the fire compartment. Problems associated with the data collection and the narrow range of fire sizes used had a detrimental impact on the confidence level in the correlation based on heat release rate. The data do appear to confirm the results of previous efforts that indicated a weak relationship between the heat release rate and smoke velocity, on the order of the one-third to one-fourth power. The temperature data tended to be less problematic. This correlation shows promise for potential use with both the SFSEM and other existing computer models/routines. However, unlike previous studies of this relationship, the results of these data suggest that the velocity-temperature relationship is linear and not a square-root function. The test data were compared to predictive results using the CORRIDOR routine within FPETOOL. In general, the CORRIDOR results provided a reasonable good correlation to the tests data. Both the wave depth and temperature loss within the wave, as a function of distance, were consistently over-predicted. The velocity results were mixed, but were generally within 20 percent of the test data. The results of this study show promise, with respect to developing a correlation that can be used a method for predicting smoke movement in a corridor. However, due to the questionable nature of some of the data estimates, coupled with both a lack of sufficient number of tests and a limited range of fire sizes used, additional test data will be required to further validate the accuracy and refine the correlation(s) suggested by this work."
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James, Rachael Helen. "Chemical processes in submarine hydrothermal systems at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338183.
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John, Kevin H., Tifani R. Fletcher, Andrea D. Clements, Beth A. Bailey, and Lana McGrady. "Perceptions of Smoking Health Risks During Pregnancy: Comparison of Smokers and Non-Smokers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7270.
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Smoking during pregnancy is not only harmful to the mother, but the unborn baby as well. In East Tennessee, smoking rates during pregnancy are more than three times the national average. Smoking cessation interventions have been shown to assist in lowering smoking levels during pregnancy. More successful intervention strategies may be developed if pregnant mothers’ beliefs on how smoking harms themselves and their child are examined and addressed. It was hypothesized that there is a significant difference between smoking status (smoker or non-smoker) and perceptions of the amount of harm smoking can cause to the baby, and to themselves. Participants included 577 pregnant women, both smokers and nonsmokers, enrolled in the Tennessee Intervention for Pregnant Smokers program. Participants met with a case worker during a first trimester interview, and answered several questionnaires. The questionnaires included several items regarding their perceptions of harm from cigarette smoking to their unborn baby and to themselves. For the overall analysis of differences in smoking status, participants who answered that smoking was “somewhat” or “no, not harmful at all” were compared to those that answered “yes, a great deal harmful”. Two Chi-square tests for independence indicated a significant association between smoking status and perception of how smoking harms the baby, χ2 (1, 578) = 65.85, p < .001, and a significant association between smoking status and perception of how smoking harms the participants’ heath χ2 (1, 578) = 26.07, p < .001. Non-smokers were more likely than smokers to answer that smoking is “yes, a great deal harmful” to the baby and to themselves. The results also suggest that participants as a whole, regardless of smoking status, believe that smoking is more harmful to themselves than to their unborn baby. Qualitative analysis revealed the top five categories of responses (most to least frequent) given by participants on how they believed smoking harmed their unborn baby: low birth weight, lung and respiration problems, premature birth, developmental problems, and birth defects. The most frequent responses given by participants on how they believed smoking was personally harmful were: lung and respiration problems, cancer, heart and blood problems, physical appearance concerns, and life expectancy or death. Non-smokers gave proportionally more responses overall than smokers. One interesting observation is that while smokers seemed aware of the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight, it was non-smokers who were more likely to state that smoking could cause developmental problems and birth defects. Perhaps cessation interventions would be improved by focusing on women’s perceptions of these possible consequences of smoking during pregnancy to their unborn child. This knowledge is beneficial because analyzing perceptions of harm from smoking could lead to more successful smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy.
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Cascarelli, Nicholas V. "Differences Among Smokers, Nonsmokers and Former Smokers an Investigation of Health Care Workers." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1004466758.
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Grynwald, Ana. "Smoking cessation education needs as reported by current smokers, former smokers, and nurses." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2004. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=412.
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Sutherland, B. J. "Smoke Explosions." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8328.
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Eleven experiments were conducted at the University of Canterbury using a 1.0 metre by 1.0 metre by 1.5 metre compartment and wooden crib fires. The main objective of these experiments was to produce smoke explosions, and to develop a mechanism that explains their occurrence.
Spontaneous smoke explosions were produced in four experiments. The largest of these explosions produced pressures in excess of 2.5 kPa. All the smoke explosions produced were the result of smouldering fires, all of which started out as under-ventilated fires. Of the six smoke explosions produced, investigation of the results indicates that a single process was responsible for the occurrence of each explosion.
A mechanism was developed for the smoke explosions. Oxygen concentration is suspected as the trigger that determines when the explosion occurs.
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Goriachyi, P., and A. Demianenko. "Smoke detector." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40483.
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Tsigarida, Alexandra. "Investigations on the microbial community associated with peri-implantitis in smokers and non-smokers." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1371071124.
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Thorngren, Frank R. "Kalman smoother applied to LACE." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27114.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe ability to determine the structural dynamics of space-based platforms from ground-based radar resolved Doppler measurements will aid in the study of control/structure interaction. The Naval Research Laboratory and Lincoln Laboratory conducted an experiment to determine the feasibility of this method. To accomplish this experiment the LACE satellite was equipped with retroreflectors and the ground-based Firepond laser radar facility was employed. Vibrational information is found from the difference between the reflected Doppler frequencies of the retroreflectors. The method of extracting the Doppler separation was to obtain the power spectrum of the heterodyne signal envelope. A pulse-by-pulse processing of the data yields the Doppler separation history over time. Due to a relatively large amount of clutter in the processed data, a filtering mechanism was employed. The histogram technique is the current filtering-based method employed to obtain a Doppler separation history. This thesis addresses the implementation of the Kalman filter algorithm in conjunction with the Rauch-Tung-Striebel fixed-interval optimal smoother algorithm to perform this filtering task. The Kalman smoother filtering based method of processing the data produced superior results when compared t the histogram filtering based method.
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Waters, Kimberly J. "Characteristics of college social smokers /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3137762.
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Lee, Man-yan, and 李敏茵. "Analysis on chromosome 3p in smokers and non-smokers with non-small cell lung carcinoma." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226231.
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Lee, Man-yan. "Analysis on chromosome 3p in smokers and non-smokers with non-small cell lung carcinoma /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25335224.
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Haasova, Marcela. "The effects of physical activity on cigarette cravings." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15885.
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Rationale: Cigarette cravings are one of the most important clinical phenomena in tobacco addiction. A wide range of studies and research designs may help to increase understanding of the relationship between physical activity (PA) and cigarette cravings. Aims: (i) To investigate the acute effects of walking and isometric exercise on cigarette cravings, withdrawal, and attentional bias among temporarily abstaining smokers. (ii) To quantify the effects of short bouts of PA on cigarette cravings among temporarily abstaining smokers. (iii) To examine who most benefits from PA, whether changes in affect mediate these effects, and whether a specific attribute of PA is associated with cravings. (iv) To investigate whether any association between habitual PA and cravings in smokers could be found. Methods: A randomised controlled crossover trial with three arms addressed aim (i). A systematic review of literature and individual participant data meta-analysis using hierarchical modelling addressed aims (ii) and (iii). Aim (iv) was achieved by using linear regression modelling of cross-sectional data from a smoking cessation study. Results: No difference in cravings, withdrawal, and attentional bias between walking and isometric exercise versus control was found. Bouts of PA decreased cigarette cravings by approximately 30%. Moderate intensity PA provided increased benefit when compared with light intensity, whereas vigorous intensity did not confer additional benefits compared with moderate intensity PA. Also bouts of medium (10 minutes) and longer duration (≥15minutes) appeared to be more effective than short duration (≤ 5 min). No moderators and mediators of this association were identified. Habitual moderate intensity PA was the strongest predictor of cigarette cravings in smokers, MPSS was an additional predictor and alcohol consumption moderated the effects of habitual PA on cravings. Conclusion: Moderate intensity PA could be recommended to smokers to help decrease cigarette cravings.
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Albo, Elisa. "Where there's Smoke." FIU Digital Commons, 1992. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1214.
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This thesis is a collection of thematically arranged poems that explore one of the significant ways in which we define ourselves as human beings, that is, through our past and present relationships with others, whether those relationships are familial, cultural, social or personal. Through the direct presentation of images, these largely narrative poems seek to refine perception and thus reveal some of the complicated truths inherent in our various relationships with others, all in an effort to find meaning. The form of the poems often reveals a process, a continual redefining of views on human experience in both its life-affirming and disappointing aspects. It is through such discovery and disclosure that these poems aim to affirm the process, passion, and meaningfulness of art and life.
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Knutson, Matthew. "Dark Smoke Rising." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2616.
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Gorenchtein, Mike. "Microrna deregulation within optically altered oral cancer fields of non-smoker patients." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59576.
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BACKGROUND: Oral cancer is a devastating disease with a five-year survival rate of 50%. While tobacco remains a key etiological factor for oral cancer, cases in non-smoker patients are also reported. An improved understanding of the molecular basis of oral cancer, including the alterations contributing to disease in non-smokers, is essential. To date, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in oral tumorigenesis – and oral premalignant lesions specifically, is largely unknown. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify miRNAs that are deregulated at the premalignant and malignant stages of oral cancer in non-smoker patients, and (2) to elucidate their expression patterns throughout disease progression.
METHODS: To remove variation due to timing differences in sampling, we analyzed global miRNA expression in varied stages of precancerous, cancerous and adjacent normal tissue biopsies obtained simultaneously from a single, contiguous field in a patient’s mouth. Total RNA was isolated from each microdissected specimen and profiled for the expression of 742 human miRNAs using Real-Time PCR. The expression of selected candidate miRNAs was further validated in an independent cohort of premalignant and malignant tissues via in situ hybridization (ISH).
RESULTS: Overall, the amount of miRNA alterations was associated with lesion severity, suggesting that miRNA changes are accumulated during premalignant progression. In addition, we have identified distinct lists of candidate miRNAs that were consistently deregulated at specific histopathological disease states. Examination of the individual expression profiles of these candidates across sequential premalignant/malignant stages demonstrated that they follow distinct patterns of deregulation over time and may therefore function differently throughout oral tumorigenesis. ISH staining for one of the selected up-regulated candidates, miR-155, corresponded with its previous Real-Time PCR expression data and was further validated in independent dysplastic and malignant tissues.
CONCLUSIONS: Our unique sample set allowed us to investigate intralesional progression within a single surgical field and delineate miRNA aberrations that may be driving this process. Collectively, our results suggest that miR-155 may represent a key driver of oral tumorigenesis and that molecular heterogeneity across fields of diseased tissue has significant implications when selecting candidates for development of novel targeted therapies or prognostic screening protocols.Medicine, Faculty of
Graduate
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Lynch, James Andrew. "A study of smoke aging examining changes in smoke particulate size." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0510104-194400/.
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Humphreys, Adrian MacMahon. "Characterisation of smoke and smoke ageing mechanisms from thermally decomposing polymers." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390297.
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Обухова, Ольга Анатоліївна, Ольга Анатольевна Обухова, and Olha Anatoliivna Obukhova. "Association TaqI polymorphism of VDR gene in smokers and non-smokers, among patients with ischemic stroke." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/41244.
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Obinna, N. K., and T. Mutanikwa. "Impact of VDR gene polymorphism on the development of ischemic stroke in smokers and non-smokers." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/60775.
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Today, we have ample evidence that hormonal system of vitamin D, the main component of which is calcitriol (1α,25(OH)2D3) and receptor of vitamin D (VDR) plays an important role not only in the regulation of functional and metabolic processes in the body, but also in the development of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease. The risk factors for ischemic stroke can be divided into unregulated (age, gender, race) and susceptible (malnutrition, lack of physical activity, smoking, alcohol abuse). Smoking doubles the risk of stroke. Once you stop smoking, the risk of a stroke in you will start to decrease immediately, after five years, the risk of developing a stroke will be the same as that of non-smokers.
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Brown, Katrina. "Antioxidant status and oxidative stress in male smokers and non-smokers : effects of vitamin E supplementation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU544082.
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Smokers incur a sustained free radical load which may increase their vitamin E requirement. However, in the present study this was not apparent from plasma and red blood cells (RBC) vitamin E concentrations which were similar in both smokers and non-smokers. However, RBC from smokers were more susceptible to hydrogen peroxide-stimulated peroxidation than those from non-smokers (p<0.001). Furthermore, plasma concentrations of lipid peroxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and conjugated dienes were also elevated in smokers compared with the non-smokers (p<0.05). These indices of oxidative stress were markedly decreased (p<0.001) in both the smokers, and non-smokers, following consumption of 280 mg dl- tocopherol acetate/day for ten weeks. Plasma and RBC vitamin E concentration increased substantially following supplementation, but the % increase in vitamin E required to improve resistance to in vitro RBC peroxidation was significantly greater in non-smokers (p<0.01). This may reflect an endogenous adaptive response to oxidant stress in RBC of smokers. Erythrocyte vitamin E concentrations increased in a dose dependent manner during 20 weeks of supplementation with either 70,140,560 or 1050mg d--tocopherol per day. In smokers each dose was associated with a significant decrease in susceptibility of erythrocytes to peroxidation (p<0.001). However, red cells of non-smokers on the 1050mg supplement demonstrated an increased susceptibility to peroxidation (p<0.001). Thus, vitamin E may demonstrate prooxidant activity in non-smokers at high and prolonged intakes. Moreover, prolonged supplementation with d--tocopherol in non-smokers induced a decline in plasma ascorbate concentration (p<0.02) in association with an increasing erythrocyte vitamin E uptake (p<0,001). Both smokers and non-smokers may benefit from increased vitamin E intakes, although their requirements may be very different. However pharmacological doses may not be required since it appears that doses as low as 70mg are equally effective.
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Robilliard, Georgina. "Where there’s smoke, there’s more smoke: The social settings and friendship interactions that encourage young adults to smoke cigarettes." Thesis, Sociology and Social Policy, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7127.
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Despite widespread public health campaigns in Western countries people continue to smoke cigarettes and more worryingly, young people continue to take up the habit. In this thesis it is argued that cigarette smoking practices for young adults can be understood in terms of contributing to their sense of identity construction through friendship interactions and sociability. Data collected from email administered surveys and snowball sampling techniques, alongside secondary data from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (2007), inform the research undertaken in this thesis and the results support the social benefits hypothesis in explaining why young adults smoke cigarettes. This study thereby suggests that in order for anti-smoking initiatives to be more successful in tackling the smoking habits of young adults additional research is required in identity formation, interactive factors and sociability factors that affect cigarette smoking practices of young adults.
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Brandt, Jakob, and Emil Lanzén. "A Comparative Review of SMOTE and ADASYN in Imbalanced Data Classification." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432162.
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In this thesis, the performance of two over-sampling techniques, SMOTE and ADASYN, is compared. The comparison is done on three imbalanced data sets using three different classification models and evaluation metrics, while varying the way the data is pre-processed. The results show that both SMOTE and ADASYN improve the performance of the classifiers in most cases. It is also found that SVM in conjunction with SMOTE performs better than with ADASYN as the degree of class imbalance increases. Furthermore, both SMOTE and ADASYN increase the relative performance of the Random forest as the degree of class imbalance grows. However, no pre-processing method consistently outperforms the other in its contribution to better performance as the degree of class imbalance varies.
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Leung, Kit-sang. "Automaticity of cognitive biases in smokers." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247382.
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Андруша, Аліна Борисівна, and Alina Andrusha. "Peculiarities of gouty arthritis in smokers." Thesis, ХНМУ, 2017. http://repo.knmu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15811.
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Course of gouty arthritis has clinical and laboratory features,
depending on the patient's smoking status. It can be assumed that smoking can
reduce the frequency of attacks of gouty arthritis and reduce the concentration of
uric acid in the blood, without affecting the urinary excretion of uric acid.
Additional research is needed to understandand and to explaine mechanisms of this
finding.
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Fletcher, Tifani R., Andrea D. Clements, Beth A. Bailey, and Lana McGrady. "Stress, Self-Esteem, and Pregnant Smokers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7269.
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Over 30% of women in Northeast Tennessee smoke during pregnancy. Understanding how psychosocial variables relate to smoking status and amount is important for cessation interventions. During pregnancy, this information is even more imperative, as the well-being of the developing child is also at risk. Stress, self-esteem, and smoking have the potential to be modified during pregnancy to improve pre- and postnatal health outcomes for the mother and child. Stress levels have been clearly linked to smoking habits; however, the research on self-esteem and smoking habits has been mixed. The purpose of the current study was to analyze stress and self-esteem in pregnancy, and to examine how they are both related to smoking status. Data were analyzed using questionnaire responses acquired from 581 TIPS (Tennessee Intervention for Pregnant Smokers) participants during their first trimester. TIPS is a state funded project which enrolls smokers and nonsmokers. Participants met with a case manager at their prenatal care provider, and completed a packet of questionnaires which included the Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP), and several questions inquiring about their past and current smoking status. The participants were paid $20 for each research meeting. The PPP instrument is a composite measure of stress, self-esteem and social support. Both stress t (485.27) = -6.01, p < 0.001, and self-esteem t (573) = 5.60, p < 0.001 measures were significantly different for smokers and non-smokers As predicted, stress levels were higher and self-esteem levels were lower in pregnant smokers compared to non-smokers. The full direct logistic regression model predicting smoking status based on stress and self-esteem, controlling for age and marital status was significant, χ2 (2, n = 575) = 35.02, p < .001. Stress, self-esteem, and marital status all made significant contributions to the model. Because both stress and self-esteem levels were related to smoking status during pregnancy, efforts to change stress and self-esteem levels in pregnancy should be investigated as a possible aid to smoking cessation efforts. Future research should also investigate how stress and self-esteem levels may change over time throughout pregnancy and how that may affect birth outcomes, such as low birth weight or premature delivery.
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Ono, Miki. "Self-efficacy modulates the neural correlates of craving in male smokers and ex-smokers: an fMRI study." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/230999.
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Bokaba, Refilwe Philadelphia. "Effects of cigarette smoke and smoke condensate on neutrophil extracellular trap formation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61670.
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Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) constitute a network of chromatin fibres containing histone and antimicrobial peptides that are released by activated neutrophils. NETs protect the host against infection by trapping and facilitating phagocytosis of potentially harmful pathogens.
Objectives: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on phorbol-ester (PMA)-mediated NETosis in vitro, as well as the effects of cigarette.
Methods: Isolated human blood neutrophils were exposed to PMA (6.25 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of CSC (40-80 μg/ml) for 90 min at 37oC. Alternatively neutrophils of non-smokers and smokers were activated with PMA (6.25 ng/ml) for 90 min at 37oC. NET formation was measured using a spectrofluorimetric procedure to detect extracellular DNA and fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize nets. Oxygen consumption by PMA-activated neutrophils was measured using an oxygen sensitive electrode. Cotinine levels were measured in smokers and non-smokers for objective confirmation of smoking status
Results: Activation of neutrophils with PMA was associated with induction of NETosis that was significantly attenuated in the presence of CSC (40 and 80 μg/ml), with mean fluorescence intensities of 65% and 66% of that observed with untreated cells, respectively, and confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. The rate and magnitude of oxygen consumption by activated neutrophils pre-treated with CSC (80 μg/ml) was significantly less than that observed with untreated cells (73% of the control system), indicative of decreased production of reactive oxidant species in the presence of CSC. When comparing smokers and non- smokers, neutrophils from smokers showed a decrease in both oxygen consumption and the number of NET-forming cells consistent with attenuation of NET formation due to inhalation of cigarette smoke.
Conclusion: The inhibition of NETosis observed in the presence of CSC and CS (in smokers) correlated with attenuation of oxygen consumption by PMA-activated neutrophils suggesting a mechanistic relationship between these events. Smoking-related attenuation of NETosis may impair host immune responses and increase the risk of respiratory infections, in vivo.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Immunology
MSc
Unrestricted
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Oborn, Jeremy Michael. "Time Reversed Smoke Simulation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7218.
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Physics-based fluid simulation often produces unpredictable behavior that is difficult for artists to control. We present a new method for art directing smoke animation using time reversed simulation. Given a final fluid configuration, our method steps backward in time generating a sequence that, when played forward, is visually similar to traditional forward simulations. This will give artists better control by allowing them to start from any timestep of the simulation. We address a number of challenges associated with time reversal including generating a believable final configuration and reversing entropy.
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Farrimond, Hannah Rachel. "'Being a smoker' : investigating smoking identities in different socio-economic groups in England." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444671/.
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Smoking is strongly linked to disadvantage (Jarvis & Wardle, 1999). Psychological approaches to studying the 'poor smoker' have tended to neglect potentially important 'macro-social' factors. This thesis takes a social psychological approach, focused on social identity (Campbell, 1997). It aims to consider the construction of identities and meaning-systems amongst different socio-economic status groups in England. Two studies were undertaken, representing a mixed methodological approach. In the first study, smokers and non-smokers from higher and lower socio-economic groups were given a conceptual map task to capture their spontaneous associations with the topic. This was followed by an in-depth interview. A thematic analysis showed that smokers were identified as 'unhealthy, stressed out and addicted'. They were also identified with 'Other' already stigmatised groups such as the old, the young and working-class groups. Non-smokers emphasised a moral discourse surrounding smoking to draw boundaries between themselves and 'bad' smokers. Higher SES smokers tended to distance themselves from the negative dimensions of smoking identities, whereas lower SES tended to internalise them. The second study was a Q-methodological one, comprising a sample of smokers from different SES groups. A six-factor model of 'smoking identities' was generated. Three identities oriented around a biomedical model of smoking as an addictive health risk. The other three reflected alternative or paradoxical constructions of smoking based on pleasure, freedom and the rights of smokers. It is concluded that taking into account smoking identities and the conceptual understandings underlying them offers the opportunity to locate health promotion where the audience is thinking (Joffe, 2002). This is particularly important when targeting lower SES smokers.
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Ford, David Charles. "The poor smoker : a realist sociological critique of the dominant understanding of smoking." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313086.
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