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Books on the topic 'Smooth wall'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Merrill, Craig F. Spray generation for liquid wall jets over smooth and rough surfaces. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1998.

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2

Publishers, BrownTrout. Smooth Fox Terriers 2005 Wall Calendar. 2nd ed. Browntrout Publishers, 2004.

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3

Fox Terriers, Smooth 2002 Wall Calendar. Browntrout Pubs (Cal), 2001.

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4

Publishers, BrownTrout. Fox Terriers, Smooth 2008 Square Wall Calendar. BrownTrout Publishers, 2007.

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5

Gert, Bjarnholt, ed. Smooth wall blasting using notched boreholes: A field study. Stockholm: Swedish Detonic Research Foundation, 1988.

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6

Bochaton-Piallat, Marie-Luce, Carlie J. M. de Vries, and Guillaume J. van Eys. Vascular smooth muscle cells. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755777.003.0007.

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To understand the function of arteries in the regulation of blood supply throughout the body it is essential to realize that the vessel wall is composed predominantly of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with only one single layer of luminal endothelial cells. SMCs determine the structure of arteries and are decisive in the regulation of blood flow. This review describes the reason for the large variation of SMCs throughout the vascular tree. This depends on embryonic origin and local conditions. SMCs have the unique capacity to react to these conditions by modulating their phenotype. So, in one situation SMCs may be contractile in response to blood pressure, in another situation they may be synthetic, providing compounds to increase the strength of the vascular wall by reinforcing the extracellular matrix. This phenotypic plasticity is necessary to keep arteries functional in fulfilling the metabolic demands in the various tissues of the body.

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7

Spray Generation from Liquid Wall Jets Over Smooth and Rough Surfaces. Storming Media, 1998.

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8

G, Stewart Alastair, ed. Airway wall remodelling in asthma. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1997.

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9

1933-, Nayfeh Ali Hasan, Ragab Saad, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Effect of wall cooling on the stability of compressible subsonic flows over smooth humps and backward-facing steps. Blacksburg, Va: Dept. of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989.

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10

Airway Wall Remodelling in Asthma (Handbooks in Pharmacology and Toxicology). Informa Healthcare, 1996.

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11

Kadioglu, Ates, and Emre Salabaş. Scrotal swelling. Edited by David John Ralph. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0110.

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Scrotal swelling is a common urological pathology composed of both benign and malign diseases originating from testicles, epididymis, tunical layers, or the scrotum wall itself. Emergencies usually present with pain and short onset time while malign lesions are usually palpated as smooth, solid, painless masses. Hydrocele is the abnormal collection of serous fluids encapsulated between tunica albuginea and vaginalis of the testis. Hydrocele might be primary or occur secondary to trauma, infection, epididymitis, or tumours. Although physical examination is enough for diagnosis, ultrasound should be performed for malignancy exclusion. Surgery is gold standard for young patients with cosmetic problems, discomfort, disability due to hydrocele, and has high success and low complication rates. Alternative treatments such as tetracycline or polidocanol may be considered for patients with high anaesthesia risk.

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12

Guzik, Tomasz J., and Rhian M. Touyz. Vascular pathophysiology of hypertension. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755777.003.0019.

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Hypertension is a multifactorial disease, in which vascular dysfunction plays a prominent role. It occurs in over 30% of adults worldwide and an additional 30% are at high risk of developing the disease. Vascular pathology is both a cause of the disease and a key manifestation of hypertension-associated target-organ damage. It leads to clinical symptoms and is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease. All layers of the vascular wall and the endothelium are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Pathogenetic mechanisms, whereby vascular damage contributes to hypertension, are linked to increased peripheral vascular resistance. At the vascular level, processes leading to change sin peripheral resistance include hyper-contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial dysfunction, and structural remodelling, due to aberrant vascular signalling, oxidative and inflammatory responses. Increased vascular stiffness due to vascular remodelling, adventitial fibrosis, and inflammation are key processes involved in sustained and established hypertension. These mechanisms are linked to vascular smooth muscle and fibroblast proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix remodelling, calcification, and inflammation. Apart from the key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, hypertensive vasculopathy also predisposes to atherosclerosis, another risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This is linked to increased transmural pressure, blood flow, and shear stress alterations in hypertension, as well as endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffness. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms and identifying potential novel treatments targeting hypertensive vasculopathy are of primary importance in vascular medicine.

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13

Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Food procurement and processing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0004.

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Fish display a wide range of adaptations of the mouth and pharynx for specific feeding patterns including planktivory, fin-biting, picking and scraping. Appetite control is complex, involving stimulatory and inhibitory hormones. The gut has a linear plan similar to other vertebrates but with considerable variation between taxa, and a stomach may be absent. Many bony fish possess pyloric caeca, containing digestive enzymes, and may increase surface area for digestion. In chondrichthyes (sharks, etc.), a ‘spiral valve’ increases surface area of the intestine. Smooth muscle contractions in the gut wall pass food along the tract under control of food pressure, the autonomic nervous system and specific peptides. Digestion by hydrolytic enzymes, and absorption occur in the intestine, monomers produced being absorbed mainly through transcellular routes, involving enterocytes, into the blood of the hepatic portal vein to the liver. Dietary requirements and nutrition are discussed.

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14

V, Johnson B., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Heat transfer in rotating serpentine passages with selected model orientation for smooth or skewed trip walls. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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15

Groeneveld, A. B. J., and Alexandre Lima. Vasodilators in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0035.

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Vasodilators are commonly used in the intensive care unit (ICU) to control arterial blood pressure, unload the left or the right heart, control pulmonary artery pressure, and improve microcirculatory blood flow. Vasodilator refers to drugs acting directly on the smooth muscles of peripheral vessel walls and drugs are usually classified based on their mechanism (acting directly or indirectly) or site of action (arterial or venous vasodilator). Drugs that have a predominant effect on resistance vessels are arterial dilators and drugs that primarily affect venous capacitance vessels are venous dilators. Drugs that interfere with sympathetic nervous system, block renin-angiotensin system, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and nitrates are some examples of drugs with indirect effect. Vasodilator drugs play a major therapeutic role in hypertensive emergencies, primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension, acute left heart, and circulatory shock. This review discusses the main types of vasodilators drugs commonly used in the ICU.

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16

Luif, Paul. Austria and the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.185.

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Austria was occupied at the end of World War II by the four Allies, but in contrast to Germany the four powers left in 1955—the condition being its declaration of permanent neutrality, on which the Soviet Union had insisted.In the first half of the 1950s, relations with the new-founded European Coal and Steel Community were being discussed in Austria, because the organization encompassed Austria’s two most important trading partners at that time, West Germany and Italy. But after the uprising in October-November 1956 in neighboring Hungary, Austria started to stress more its neutrality, excluding European Economic Community (EEC) membership. Instead, it joined other European countries to create a less integrated economic entity, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1960.Not until the mid-1980s did debate about membership in the now European Community (EC) start again. Economic problems and a narrower interpretation of neutrality led to Austria’s application for EC (later European Union) membership in July 1989. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 and the application of other EFTA countries, Austria finally acceded to the EU on January 1, 1995 (along with Finland and Sweden). The political system and its economy adjusted relatively smoothly to the challenges of EU membership; the “social partnership,” while losing some of its power, could maintain its influence on Austrian politics. Eastern enlargement of the EU brought further economic advantages for Austria.As one of the smaller EU countries and a non-NATO member, Austria has a somewhat unique position in the EU. Environmental policy and supporting EU membership of the Balkan countries are among the important “niches” for Austrian EU activities. But the country has no close partners in the EU, because it is not participating in the “Visegrad” cooperation of the other Central European EU members. This difficulty clearly showed during the “sanctions” period of the EU-14 against the new Austrian government in 2000.

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