Relevant bibliographies by topics / Smooth wall

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Smooth wall'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Smooth wall"

1

Keirsbulck, L., L. Labraga, A. Mazouz, and C. Tournier. "Surface Roughness Effects on Turbulent Boundary Layer Structures." Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, no. 1 (October 15, 2001): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1445141.

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A turbulent boundary layer structure which develop over a k-type rough wall displays several differences with those found on a smooth surface. The magnitude of the wake strength depends on the wall roughness. In the near-wall region, the contribution to the Reynolds shear stress fraction, corresponding to each event, strongly depends on the wall roughness. In the wall region, the diffusion factors are influenced by the wall roughness where the sweep events largely dominate the ejection events. This trend is reversed for the smooth-wall. Particle Image Velocimetry technique (PIV) is used to obtain the fluctuating flow field in the turbulent boundary layer in order to confirm this behavior. The energy budget analysis shows that the main difference between rough- and smooth-walls appears near the wall where the transport terms are larger for smooth-wall. Vertical and longitudinal turbulent flux of the shear stress on both smooth and rough surfaces is compared to those predicted by a turbulence model. The present results confirm that any turbulence model must take into account the effects of the surface roughness.
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Squire, D. T., N. Hutchins, C. Morrill-Winter, M. P. Schultz, J. C. Klewicki, and I. Marusic. "Applicability of Taylor’s hypothesis in rough- and smooth-wall boundary layers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 812 (December 28, 2016): 398–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.832.

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The spatial structure of smooth- and rough-wall boundary layers is examined spectrally at approximately matched friction Reynolds number ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}^{+}\approx 12\,000$). For each wall condition, temporal and true spatial descriptions of the same flow are available from hot-wire anemometry and high-spatial-range particle image velocimetry, respectively. The results show that over the resolved flow domain, which is limited to a streamwise length of twice the boundary layer thickness, true spatial spectra of smooth-wall streamwise and wall-normal velocity fluctuations agree, to within experimental uncertainty, with those obtained from time series using Taylor’s frozen turbulence hypothesis (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 164, 1938, pp. 476–490). The same applies for the streamwise velocity spectra on rough walls. For the wall-normal velocity spectra, however, clear differences are observed between the true spatial and temporally convected spectra. For the rough-wall spectra, a correction is derived to enable accurate prediction of wall-normal velocity length scales from measurements of their time scales, and the implications of this correction are considered. Potential violations to Taylor’s hypothesis in flows above perturbed walls may help to explain conflicting conclusions in the literature regarding the effect of near-wall modifications on outer-region flow. In this regard, all true spatial and corrected spectra presented here indicate structural similarity in the outer region of smooth- and rough-wall flows, providing evidence for Townsend’s wall-similarity hypothesis (The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow, vol. 1, 1956).
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Zhu, Xiaojue, Roberto Verzicco, and Detlef Lohse. "Disentangling the origins of torque enhancement through wall roughness in Taylor–Couette turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 812 (December 22, 2016): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.815.

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Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are performed to analyse the global transport properties of turbulent Taylor–Couette flow with inner rough wall up to Taylor number$Ta=10^{10}$. The dimensionless torque $Nu_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}$ shows an effective scaling of $Nu_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}\propto Ta^{0.42\pm 0.01}$, which is steeper than the ultimate regime effective scaling $Nu_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}\propto Ta^{0.38}$ seen for smooth inner and outer walls. It is found that at the inner rough wall, the dominant contribution to the torque comes from the pressure forces on the radial faces of the rough elements; while viscous shear stresses on the rough surfaces contribute little to $Nu_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}$. Thus, the log layer close to the rough wall depends on the roughness length scale, rather than on the viscous length scale. We then separate the torque contributed from the smooth inner wall and the rough outer wall. It is found that the smooth wall torque scaling follows $Nu_{s}\propto Ta_{s}^{0.38\pm 0.01}$, in excellent agreement with the case where both walls are smooth. In contrast, the rough wall torque scaling follows $Nu_{r}\propto Ta_{r}^{0.47\pm 0.03}$, very close to the pure ultimate regime scaling $Nu_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}\propto Ta^{1/2}$. The energy dissipation rate at the wall of an inner rough cylinder decreases significantly as a consequence of the wall shear stress reduction caused by the flow separation at the rough elements. On the other hand, the latter shed vortices in the bulk that are transported towards the outer cylinder and dissipated. Compared to the purely smooth case, the inner wall roughness renders the system more bulk dominated and thus increases the effective scaling exponent.
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Underwood, B. Y. "Random-walk modeling of turbulent impaction to a smooth wall." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 19, no. 3 (June 1993): 485–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9322(93)90062-y.

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Schultz, Michael P., and Karen A. Flack. "Turbulent Boundary Layers Over Surfaces Smoothed by Sanding." Journal of Fluids Engineering 125, no. 5 (September 1, 2003): 863–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1598992.

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Flat-plate turbulent boundary layer measurements have been made on painted surfaces, smoothed by sanding. The measurements were conducted in a closed return water tunnel, over a momentum thickness Reynolds number Reθ range of 3000 to 16,000, using a two-component laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). The mean velocity and Reynolds stress profiles are compared with those for smooth and sandgrain rough walls. The results indicate an increase in the boundary layer thickness (δ) and the integral length scales for the unsanded, painted surface compared to a smooth wall. More significant increases in these parameters, as well as the skin-friction coefficient Cf were observed for the sandgrain surfaces. The sanded surfaces behave similarly to the smooth wall for these boundary layer parameters. The roughness functions ΔU+ for the sanded surfaces measured in this study agree within their uncertainty with previous results obtained using towing tank tests and similarity law analysis. The present results indicate that the mean profiles for all of the surfaces collapse well in velocity defect form. The Reynolds stresses also show good collapse in the overlap and outer regions of the boundary layer when normalized with the wall shear stress.
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Jingbo, Su, Zhu Feng, Geng Ying, and Ni Xingye. "Numerical Study of Wave Overtopping Based on Local Method of Approximate Particular Solution Method." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 541717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/541717.

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In order to study the wave overtopping process, this paper establishes a two-dimensional numerical wave flume based on a meshless algorithm, local method of approximate particular solution (the LMAPS method), and the technology of momentum source wave. It calculates the climbing and overtopping process under regular waves on a typical slope, results of which are more consistent with the physical model test results. Finally, wave action simulation is carried out on six different structural forms of wave walls (vertical wave wall, 1/4 arc wave wall, reversed-arc wave wall, smooth surface wave wall with 1: 3 slope ratio, smooth surface wave wall with 1: 1.5 slope ratio and stepped surface wave wall with 1: 1.5 slope ratio). Numerical results of the simulation accurately describe the wave morphological changes in the interaction of waves and different structural forms of wave walls, in which, average error of wave overtopping is roughly 6.2% compared with the experimental values.
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Boutouyrie, Pierre, Saliha Boumaza, Pascal Challande, Patrick Lacolley, and Stéphane Laurent. "Smooth Muscle Tone and Arterial Wall Viscosity." Hypertension 32, no. 2 (August 1998): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.32.2.360.

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Selvan, Krishnasamy T., and M. Sreenivasan. "An octave-band smooth-wall pyramidal horn." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 48, no. 4 (2006): 691–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.21444.

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Leonardi, S., P. Orlandi, L. Djenidi, and R. A. Antonia. "Heat transfer in a turbulent channel flow with square bars or circular rods on one wall." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 776 (July 13, 2015): 512–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.344.

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Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are carried out to study the passive heat transport in a turbulent channel flow with either square bars or circular rods on one wall. Several values of the pitch (${\it\lambda}$) to height ($k$) ratio and two Reynolds numbers are considered. The roughness increases the heat transfer by inducing ejections at the leading edge of the roughness elements. The amounts of heat transfer and mixing depend on the separation between the roughness elements, an increase in heat transfer accompanying an increase in drag. The ratio of non-dimensional heat flux to the non-dimensional wall shear stress is higher for circular rods than square bars irrespectively of the pitch to height ratio. The turbulent heat flux varies within the cavities and is larger near the roughness elements. Both momentum and thermal eddy diffusivities increase relative to the smooth wall. For square cavities (${\it\lambda}/k=2$) the turbulent Prandtl number is smaller than for a smooth channel near the wall. As ${\it\lambda}/k$ increases, the turbulent Prandtl number increases up to a maximum of 2.5 at the crests plane of the square bars (${\it\lambda}/k=7.5$). With increasing distance from the wall, the differences with respect to the smooth wall vanish and at three roughness heights above the crests plane, the turbulent Prandtl number is essentially the same for smooth and rough walls.
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Wang, D. M., and J. M. Tarbell. "Modeling Interstitial Flow in an Artery Wall Allows Estimation of Wall Shear Stress on Smooth Muscle Cells." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 117, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2794192.

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The arterial media is modeled as a periodic array of cylindrical smooth muscle cells residing in a matrix comprised of proteoglycan and collagen fibers. Using Brinkman’s model to describe transmural flow through such a fibrous media, we calculate the effective hydraulic permeability of the media and the wall shear stress on smooth muscle cells. Two interesting results are obtained: first, the wall shear stress on smooth muscle cells is on the order of 1 dyne/cm2, which is in the range known to affect endothelial cells in vitro; second, the flow resistance due to smooth muscle cells is not negligible compared to the resistance due to the fiber matrix.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Smooth wall"

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Smith, Benjamin Scott. "Wall Jet Boundary Layer Flows Over Smooth and Rough Surfaces." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27597.

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The aerodynamic flow and fluctuating surface pressure of a plane, turbulent, two-dimensional wall jet flow into still air over smooth and rough surfaces has been investigated in a recently constructed wall jet wind tunnel testing facility. The facility has been shown to produce a wall jet flow with Reynolds numbers based on the momentum thickness, Re&delta = &deltaUm/&nu, of between 395 and 1100 and nozzle exit Reynolds numbers, Rej = Umb/&nu, of between 16000 and 45000. The wall jet flow properties (&delta, &delta*, &theta, y1/2, Um, u*, etc.) were measured and characterized over a wide range of initial flow conditions and measurement locations relative to the wall jet source. These flow properties were measured for flow over a smooth flow surface and for flow over roughness patches of finite extent. The patches used in the current study varied in length from 305 mm to 914 mm (between 24 and 72 times the nozzle height, b) and were placed so that the leading edge of the patch was fixed at 1257 mm (x/b = 99) downstream of the wall jet source. These roughness patches were of a random sand grain roughness type and the roughness grain size was varied throughout this experiment. The tests covered roughness Reynolds numbers (k+) ranging from less than 2 to over 158 (covering the entire range of rough wall flow regimes from hydrodynamically smooth to fully rough). For the wall jet flows over 305 mm long patches of roughness, the displacement and momentum thicknesses were found to vary noticeably with the roughness grain size, but the maximum velocity, mixing layer length scale, y1/2, and the boundary layer thickness were not seen to vary in a consistent, determinable way. Velocity spectra taken at a range of initial flow conditions and at several distinct heights above the flow surface showed a limited scaling dependency on the skin friction velocity near the flow surface. The spectral density of the surface pressure of the wall jet flow, which is not believed to have been previously investigated for smooth or rough surfaces, showed distinct differences with that seen in a conventional boundary layer flow, especially at low frequencies. This difference is believed to be due to the presence of a mixing layer in the wall jet flow. Both the spectral shape and level were heavily affected by the variation in roughness grain size. This effect was most notable in overlap region of the spectrum. Attempts to scale the wall jet surface pressure spectra using outer and inner variables were successful for the smooth wall flows. The scaling of the rough wall jet flow surface pressure proved to be much more difficult, and conventional scaling techniques used for ordinary turbulent boundary layer surface pressure spectra were not able to account for the changes in roughness present during the current study. An empirical scaling scheme was proposed, but was only marginally effective at scaling the rough wall surface pressure.
Ph. D.
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Seddighi-Moormani, Mehdi. "Study of turbulence and wall shear stress in unsteady flow over smooth and rough wall surfaces." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=166096.

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Flows over hydraulically smooth walls are predominant in turbulence studies whereas real surfaces in engineering applications are often rough. This is important because turbulent flows close to the two types of surface can exhibit large differences. Unfortunately, neither experimental studies nor theoretical studies based on conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can give sufficiently accurate, detailed information about unsteady turbulent flow behaviour close to solid surfaces, even for smooth wall cases. In this thesis, therefore, use is made of a state of the art computational method “Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS)” to investigate the unsteady flows. An “in-house” DNS computer code is developed for the study reported in this thesis. Spatial discretization in the code is achieved using a second order, finite difference method. The semi-implicit (Runge-Kutta & Crank-Nicholson) time advancement is incorporated into the fractional-step method. A Fast Fourier Transform solver is used for solving the Poisson equation. An efficient immersed Boundary Method (IBM) is used for treating the roughness. The code is parallelized using a Message Passing Interface (MPI) and it is adopted for use on a distributed-memory computer cluster at University of Aberdeen as well as for use at the UK’s national high-performance computing service, HECToR. As one of the first DNS of accelerating/decelerating flows over smooth and rough walls, the study has produced detailed new information on turbulence behaviours which can be used for turbulence model development and validations. The detailed data have enabled better understanding of the flow physics to be developed. The results revealed strong non-equilibrium and anisotropic behaviours of turbulence dynamics in such flows. The preliminary results on the rough wall flow show the response of turbulence in the core and wall regions, and the relationship between the axial and the other components are significantly different from those in smooth wall flows.
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Merrill, Craig F. "Spray generation for liquid wall jets over smooth and rough surfaces." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA354473.

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Dissertation (Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1998.
"September 1998." Dissertation supervisor(s): T. Sarpkaya. Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-176). Also available online.
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Nathan, Paul. "Near-wall turbulence beneath a boundary layer separating from a smooth surface." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.583377.

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A turbulent boundary layer undergoing smooth-wall separation via an adverse pressure gradient was investigated using a novel combination of laser-Doppler anemometry and pulsed-wire anemometry to simultaneously measure instantaneous wall shear stress along with the velocity fluctuations immediately above. The aim of this experiment was to obtain the degree of correlation of instantaneous wall shear stress with fluctuations of velocity at various distances from the surface as well as from the time-averaged location of flow separation. It was found that there is no correlation of the wall shear stress with wall-normal velocity fluctuations while there is a relatively strong correlation with the tangential velocity. This trend held both upstream of separation and into the recirculation region. Time-lagged correlations of wall shear stress and tangential velocity revealed that the velocity fluctuations in the outer region always lead the wall shear stress, lending support to the concept that the near wall dynamics are primarily driven by large scale outer motions, independent of the mean profiles. A simple model involving an oscillating external pressure gradient forcing of an unsteady viscous sub layer was developed to elucidate basic physics underlying the observed correlation between wall shear stress and fluctuating velocity. This simple model was able to qualitatively capture the near wall behaviour and it demonstrated how finite spatial scale of the forcing was essential to realistically model the behaviour of the correlation coefficient at further distance from the wall.
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Apsilidis, Nikolaos. "Experimental Investigation of Turbulent Flows at Smooth and Rough Wall-Cylinder Junctions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71713.

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Junction flows originate from the interaction between a fluid moving over a wall with an obstacle mounted on the same surface. Understanding the physics of such flows is of great interest to engineers responsible for the design of systems consisting of wall-body junctions. From aerodynamics to turbomachinery and electronics to bridge hydraulics, a number of phenomena (drag, heat transfer, scouring) are driven by the behavior of the most prominent feature of junction flows: the horseshoe vortex system (HVS). Focusing on turbulent flows, the complex dynamics of the HVS is established through its unsteadiness and non-uniformity. The fundamentals of this dynamically-rich phenomenon have been described within the body of a rapidly-expanding literature. Nevertheless, important aspects remain inadequately understood and call for further scrutiny. This study emphasized three of them, by investigating the effects of: model scale, wall roughness, and bed geometry. High-resolution experiments were carried out using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Statistical analyses, vortex identification schemes, and Proper Orthogonal decomposition were employed to extract additional information from the large PIV datasets. The time-averaged topology of junction flows developing over a smooth and impermeable wall was independent of the flow Reynolds number, Re (parameter that expresses the effects of scale). On the contrary, time-resolved analysis revealed a trend of increasing vorticity, momentum, and eruptions of near-wall fluid with Re. New insights on the modal dynamics of the HVS were also documented in a modified flow mechanism. Wall roughness (modeled with a permeable layer of crushed stones) diffused turbulence and vorticity throughout the domain. This effect manifested with high levels of intermittency and spatial irregularity for the HVS. Energetic flow structures were also identified away from the typical footprint of the HVS. Finally, a novel implementation of PIV allowed for unique velocity measurements over an erodible bed. It was demonstrated that, during the initial stages of scouring, the downflow at the face of the obstacle becomes the dominant flow characteristic in the absence of the HVS. Notwithstanding modeling limitations, the physical insight contributed here could be used to enhance the design of systems with similar flow and geometrical characteristics.
Ph. D.
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Su, Enming Joseph. "Role of angiotensin II in regulating smooth muscle cell replication in the vessel wall /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6349.

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MacAulay, Phillip N. "An investigation of structure in a turbulent boundary layer developing on a smooth wall." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30002.

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The structure of a stable smooth wall zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer is investigated experimentally in order to determine the dominant outer region structure and to develop a hypothetical generalized boundary layer flow model. Three hot wire configurations, two vertically separated X-wires and a leading straight wire, a horizontal rake of 5 straight wires, and a vertical rake of 5 straight wires were used in the experiments, conducted at Reɵ = 8200. The basis for data reduction procedures came from crosscorrelations and the Variable Interval Time Average (VITA) technique. Three structure types are reported in the literature to be important: streaks and counter rotating streamwise vorticity, wall scaled hairpins or ring vortices, and large scale (0(ઠ)) bulges. A simple pictorial model consisting of three Reɵ dependent interdeveloping stages, which integrate all three structure types, is presented and discussed in relation to the literature and experiments performed. The rake data indicate that the positive ([formula omitted]u/[formula omitted]t) VITA detected velocity front has a scale much larger than that of the wall scaled eddies which typically have a scale of 100-300 y[formula omitted], and that this velocity front exhibits characteristics that are consistent with the trailing velocity front described in the model. The general convection velocity from basic crosscorrelations and the convection velocity of the positive VITA detected velocity front both had values 90-100% of the local mean velocity over most of the boundary layer. Evidence of small scale structure concentration on the downstream edge of the trailing velocity front is presented. A new method used to determine the average structure inclination angle associated with the trailing velocity front is presented and demonstrates that the generalized structure inclination angle, calculated from basic crosscorrelations between vertically separated sensors, does not indicate structure shape, but is associated with the bulk flow associated with the structure. The new method appears to give results that are consistent with flow visualization and more accurately estimates the inclination angle associated with the most dominant feature of the outer flow, the positive VITA velocity front. Although the model presented is somewhat crude and further development and refinement are required, the model appears to agree with most data in the literature, as well as the present experimental results.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Moir, Lyn Margaret. "Airway wall structural remodelling : studies on smooth muscle phemotype and contractility in isolated small bronchioles." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405168.

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Liisanantti, M. (Marja). "Phosphatidylethanol in lipoproteins as a regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor in vascular wall cells." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514278666.

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Abstract Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is an abnormal phospholipid formed only in the presence of ethanol. Ethanol causes changes in the concentration and composition of plasma lipoproteins and it also influences the enzymes and transfer proteins that modify lipoproteins in plasma. PEth might be one of these changes brought on by ethanol in the circulation. The present study was designed to investigate whether qualitative changes in high density lipoprotein (HDL) phospholipids caused by ethanol can mediate the beneficial effects of alcohol on atherosclerosis, and to investigate the transfer of PEth between lipoproteins and the effects of PEth on the charge of lipoprotein particles. PEth was shown to be transferred from low density lipoproteins (LDL) to HDL particles mainly by transfer proteins other than cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). The transfer of PEth between lipoproteins enables the redistribution of PEth between lipoproteins in plasma. The results of this study provide evidence that PEth in HDL particles stimulates the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from vascular wall cells. The increase in the secretion was mediated through protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. PEth-containing HDL particles were able to increase the VEGF secretion in rats in vivo. Similar effects were also observed when rats were given HDL particles isolated from the plasma of alcoholics. The PEth-induced change in the electrical charge of lipoproteins may affect the binding of lipoproteins to their receptors and binding proteins. The effects of PEth on the secretion of VEGF from the endothelial cells were shown to be mediated through HDL receptor. The changes in HDL particles caused by phosphatidylethanol may modify the metabolism of lipoproteins and lipid-mediated signalling pathways regulating VEGF in vascular wall cells.
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Lai, Dilys. "Modulation of airway smooth muscle secretory responses by components of airway wall extracellular matrix : relevance to remodelling in asthma." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411028.

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Books on the topic "Smooth wall"

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Merrill, Craig F. Spray generation for liquid wall jets over smooth and rough surfaces. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1998.

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Publishers, BrownTrout. Smooth Fox Terriers 2005 Wall Calendar. 2nd ed. Browntrout Publishers, 2004.

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Fox Terriers, Smooth 2002 Wall Calendar. Browntrout Pubs (Cal), 2001.

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Publishers, BrownTrout. Fox Terriers, Smooth 2008 Square Wall Calendar. BrownTrout Publishers, 2007.

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Gert, Bjarnholt, ed. Smooth wall blasting using notched boreholes: A field study. Stockholm: Swedish Detonic Research Foundation, 1988.

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Bochaton-Piallat, Marie-Luce, Carlie J. M. de Vries, and Guillaume J. van Eys. Vascular smooth muscle cells. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755777.003.0007.

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To understand the function of arteries in the regulation of blood supply throughout the body it is essential to realize that the vessel wall is composed predominantly of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with only one single layer of luminal endothelial cells. SMCs determine the structure of arteries and are decisive in the regulation of blood flow. This review describes the reason for the large variation of SMCs throughout the vascular tree. This depends on embryonic origin and local conditions. SMCs have the unique capacity to react to these conditions by modulating their phenotype. So, in one situation SMCs may be contractile in response to blood pressure, in another situation they may be synthetic, providing compounds to increase the strength of the vascular wall by reinforcing the extracellular matrix. This phenotypic plasticity is necessary to keep arteries functional in fulfilling the metabolic demands in the various tissues of the body.
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Spray Generation from Liquid Wall Jets Over Smooth and Rough Surfaces. Storming Media, 1998.

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G, Stewart Alastair, ed. Airway wall remodelling in asthma. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1997.

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1933-, Nayfeh Ali Hasan, Ragab Saad, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Effect of wall cooling on the stability of compressible subsonic flows over smooth humps and backward-facing steps. Blacksburg, Va: Dept. of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989.

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Airway Wall Remodelling in Asthma (Handbooks in Pharmacology and Toxicology). Informa Healthcare, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Smooth wall"

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Hüttner, I., O. Kocher, and G. Gabbiani. "Endothelial and Smooth-Muscle Cells." In Diseases of the Arterial Wall, 3–41. London: Springer London, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1464-2_1.

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Alexander, R. Wayne, Jane Leopold, Kathy Griendling, and Peter Ganz. "Endothelium-Vascular Smooth Muscle Interactions in Culture." In Molecular Biology of the Arterial Wall, 159–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83118-8_50.

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Flores, Oscar, and Javier Jiménez. "Log-Layer Dynamics in Smooth and Artificially-Rough Turbulent Channels." In IUTAM Symposium on The Physics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows on Rough Walls, 93–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9631-9_13.

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Rostamy, Noorallah, Donald J. Bergstrom, and David Sumner. "An Experimental Study of a Turbulent Wall Jet on Smooth and Rough Surfaces." In IUTAM Symposium on The Physics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows on Rough Walls, 55–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9631-9_8.

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Segalini, A., R. Örlü, Ian P. Castro, and P. Henrik Alfredsson. "The Streamwise Turbulence Intensity – A Comparison between Smooth and Rough Wall Turbulent Boundary Layers." In Progress in Turbulence V, 97–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01860-7_16.

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Saward, Laura, and Peter Zahradka. "Coronary artery smooth muscle in culture: Migration of heterogeneous cell populations from vessel wall." In The Cellular Basis of Cardiovascular Function in Health and Disease, 53–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5765-4_8.

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Saito, Yasushi, Koutaro Yokote, Ken Tamura, Minoru Takemoto, Taro Matsumoto, Hikaru Ueno, and Seijiro Mori. "Alteration of smooth muscle cell phenotype in diabetic vascular wall: From the molecular point of view." In Lipoprotein Metabolism and Atherogenesis, 235–42. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68424-4_50.

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Shibata, Masahiro, Tomohiro Komine, Yuki Maeda, and Hiroki Nakamura. "Does Vascular Endothelial Cell or Smooth Muscle Affect the Decrease in Oxygen Consumption of Arteriolar Wall During Vasodilation?" In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 257–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91287-5_41.

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Sartore, Saverio, Marleen Roelofs, Angela Chiavegato, Luigi Faggian, and Rafaella Franch. "Serosal Thickening, Smooth Muscle Cell Growth, and Phenotypic Changes in the Rabbit Bladder Wall During Outflow Obstruction and Regeneration." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 63–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4737-2_6.

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Dabagh, Mahsa, and P. Jalali. "The Role of Arterial Wall Deformation on the Shear Stress over the Cardiovascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Computations in Two-Dimensional Geometry." In IFMBE Proceedings, 1999–2002. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_476.

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Conference papers on the topic "Smooth wall"

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Plaum, Burkhard. "Optimization of broadband smooth wall microwave horn antennas." In 2017 European Radar Conference (EURAD). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eurad.2017.8249241.

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Plaum, Burkhard. "Optimization of broadband smooth wall microwave horn antennas." In 2017 47th European Microwave Conference (EuMC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eumc.2017.8231086.

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Brzek, Brian, Raul Bayoan Cal, Gunnar Johansson, and Luciano Castillo. "Near Wall Measurements in Smooth/Rough Turbulent Boundary Layers." In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-531.

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Phillips, Warren, Douglas Hunsaker, and Robert Spall. "Smooth-Wall Boundary Conditions for Dissipation-Based Turbulence Models." In 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-1103.

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Plaum, Burkhard M. "Numerical optimization of smooth-wall and corrugated horn antennas." In 2008 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimw.2008.4665523.

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Song, Yalan, Yong G. Lai, and Xiaofeng Liu. "Improved Adaptive Immersed Boundary Method for Smooth Wall Shear." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482971.012.

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BANDYOPADHYAY, P. "The performance of smooth-wall drag reducing outer-layer devices in rough-wall boundary layers." In Shear Flow Control Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-558.

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Stoellinger, Michael K., Reza Mokhtarpoor, and Stefan Heinz. "Hybrid RANS-LES modeling using smooth and rough wall functions." In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1576.

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Simon, P. S., P. Kung, and B. W. Hollenstein. "Electrically large spline profile smooth-wall horns for spot beam applications." In 2011 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2011.5996425.

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van den Broek, Chantal, Jeroen Nieuwenhuizen, Marcel Rutten, and Frans van de Vosse. "Mechanical Characterization of Vascular Smooth Muscle." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53434.

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Abstract:
Remodeling of the arterial wall, in response to e.g. induced hypertension, vasoconstriction, and reduced cyclic stretch, has been studied in detail to get insight into vascular pathologies [1]. Constitutive models are helpful to the understanding of the relation between different processes that occur in the arterial wall during remodeling. Including the smooth muscle cell (SMC) behavior in constitutive models is relevant, as those cells may change tone when subjected to an altered mechanical loading and can initiate arterial remodeling.
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