Academic literature on the topic 'Smooth texture'
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Journal articles on the topic "Smooth texture"
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Lluscà, Marta, Aldrin Antony, and Joan Bertomeu. "Growth and Properties of ZnO:Al on Textured Glass for Thin Film Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/406495.
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Aluminium induced texturing (AIT) method has been used to texture glass substrates in order to enhance the photon absorption in thin film solar cells. The resultant glass roughness has been analyzed by varying the AIT process parameters and it has been found that the deposition method of Al is a decisive factor in tuning the texture. Two types of textures, a soft (texture E) and a rough texture (texture S), were achieved from the thermally evaporated and sputtered Al layers through AIT process. Aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) layers of different thickness were deposited over both textures and over smooth glass. Haze values above 30% were obtained for texture S + AZO and above 10% for texture E + AZO. The resultant morphologies were free from sharp edges or deep valleys and the transparency and the resistivity values were also good enough to be used as front contact for thin film solar cells. In order to demonstrate the light absorption enhancement in a solar cell device, 200 nm of a-Si:H followed by 300 nm of Ag were grown over the textured and smooth substrates with AZO, and an optical absorption enhancement of 35% for texture E and 53% for texture S was obtained in comparison to the smooth substrate.
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Cadoret, G., and A. M. Smith. "Friction, not texture, dictates grip forces used during object manipulation." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 1963–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.5.1963.
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1. Three men and seven women, 25-40 yr of age, were asked to use the thumb and index fingers to grasp, lift, and hold the armature of a linear motor generating a 2.0-N opposing force (simulating an object weighing approximately 200 g) for 2 s. The surface in contact with the fingers was composed of smooth or polyamide plastic etched with 1.0-mm high Braille beads separated at 2.0- or 3.0-mm intervals measured from apex to apex. The surfaces were left either untreated or coated with talc, water, or sucrose films designed to change the coefficient of friction with the skin. Talc reduced the coefficient of friction, whereas water and sucrose both increased the friction against the skin. In all, 12 surface conditions were used to evaluate the effects of texture and friction on the grip force during lifting and holding. 2. For all subjects the inverse coefficient of friction was associated with proportionately scaled increases in grip force, regardless of surface texture. The peak lifting force as well as the static force used to hold the object stationary were significantly correlated with the inverse of the coefficient of friction. When coatings were applied to dissimilar surface textures to produce similar coefficients of friction, the grip force profiles were nearly identical. When strong adhesives increased the friction of the smooth surface compared with textured surfaces, grip forces decreased as friction increased. That is, although the untreated smooth surface had less friction than either of the two textured surfaces, the addition of sucrose increased the smooth surface friction to a higher level than either of the similarly treated textured surfaces. As a result, the effect of surface friction could be dissociated from the effect of either surface texture or coating. Friction appears to be a more important factor in determining the grip force than either texture or surface films at least for the range of textures and coatings examined in this study.
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Ardani, Ahmad. "Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Texturing Methods." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1544, no. 1 (January 1996): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154400103.
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The testing and construction details of nine test sections with varying textural characteristics are described. The effects of the textures on the frictional and noise characteristics of the pavement surface were examined. Skid numbers were acquired according to ASTM E274 with ribbed and smooth tires at 65, 80, and 105 km/hr for all sections. Six types of texture-measuring devices were used to measure and compare the amount of texture in each section. To examine the noise properties of the test sections, noise data were required in three locations: inside the vehicle, 25 ft from the centerline, and near the right rear tire of the vehicle. The smooth tire showed more sensitivity to micro- and macrotexture than the ribbed tire, and longitudinal textures were quieter than transverse textures.
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Merriman, T., and J. Kannel. "Analyses of the Role of Surface Roughness on Contact Stresses Between Elastic Cylinders With and Without Soft Surface Coating." Journal of Tribology 111, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261883.
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The paper presents a theory for contact stresses between a smooth and rough elastic cylinder. Three types of primary surface textures are considered: a peaked surface texture, a normal surface texture, and a grooved surface texture. The predicted contact stresses between a smooth and a rough surface are considerably higher than would be predicted by Hertz theory for smooth contact. In addition, when the rough surface has high peak asperities the contact stresses are higher than when the rough surface is grooved even though the average roughness is the same. A soft layer on the smooth surface can reduce the magnitude of the peak stresses.
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Zhang, Zixin, Zhuangzhuang Chu, and Xuli Zhu. "Frictional effect of spherical convex textured rigid bodies sliding on smooth PDMS." E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 02055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014502055.
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Surface texturing was applied to flexible friction couples to improve their tribological behavior. Spherical convex texture was fabricated on the surface of photosensitive resin by stereolithography (SLA), the friction coefficient between the textured resin sample and smooth polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) under the conditions of low sliding speed and dry friction was measured using a self-made frictional test bench. It was found that surface texture is capable of reducing friction at low applied normal load compared with the non textured friction couple, as well as increasing friction at high load, in addition, smaller texture radii tend to increase friction. At last, the friction mechanism of the textured flexible friction couple was discussed by establishing a mechanical model.
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Carney, Elizabeth, Kameron Moding, Susan Johnson, and Jennifer Fisher. "Effects of Texture on Vegetable Acceptance During Infancy and Toddlerhood." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_024.
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Abstract Objectives Limited evidence suggests that the timing of introduction to food texture may be important for early food acceptance patterns, but little is known about developmental shifts in children's acceptance of varying textures. Methods This research evaluated acceptance of varying textures of a single vegetable among children (n = 57, 46% female, 86% black) aged 6–11 months (n = 13), 12–23 months (n = 29), and 24–36 months (n = 15). Caregivers were videotaped feeding their child 4 different textures of potatoes (smooth puree, lumpy puree, diced, large pieces (i.e., French Fries) in a randomized order; children <12 months were only given purees. Caregivers were instructed to offer each texture until the child accepted 2 bites or refused 3 times. Trained coders reviewed each offer and dichotomized children's response to each potato texture as accepted (2 accepted bites) or rejected (3 refusals), with 97% agreement between 2 coders. Chi-square analysis was conducted for each age group to test if acceptance of the potatoes differed by texture. Results Children, on average, accepted 80% of all bites offered, with notable differences by type of texture (smooth = 68%, lumpy = 76%, diced = 89%, large pieces = 93%). Acceptance of potatoes did not differ by texture among 6- to 11-month-olds or 12- to 23-month-olds, but differed among 24- to 36-month-olds (χ2 = 12.86, P = 0.005), with a greater than expected number of children rejecting the smooth puree (47% rejected vs. 33%, 7%, 0% for lumpy, diced, and large pieces, respectively; standardized residual = 2.1). Conclusions A developmental shift in texture rejection in vegetables may occur between infancy and toddlerhood, with greater rejection of smooth puree noted among older toddlers (24–36 months). Funding Sources None.
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Wang, Guodong, Zhenkuan Pan, Qian Dong, Ximei Zhao, Zhimei Zhang, and Jinming Duan. "Unsupervised Texture Segmentation Using Active Contour Model and Oscillating Information." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/614613.
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Textures often occur in real-world images and may cause considerable difficulties in image segmentation. In order to segment texture images, we propose a new segmentation model that combines image decomposition model and active contour model. The former model is capable of decomposing structural and oscillating components separately from texture image, and the latter model can be used to provide smooth segmentation contour. In detail, we just replace the data term of piecewise constant/smooth approximation in CCV (convex Chan-Vese) model with that of image decomposition model-VO (Vese-Osher). Therefore, our proposed model can estimate both structural and oscillating components of texture images as well as segment textures simultaneously. In addition, we design fast Split-Bregman algorithm for our proposed model. Finally, the performance of our method is demonstrated by segmenting some synthetic and real texture images.
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Zhang, Na, Fazhan Yang, Fulin Jiang, and Guohua Liu. "Study of the effect of surface laser texture on tribological properties of cemented carbide materials." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no. 6-7 (January 30, 2020): 993–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405419896116.
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Surface texturing has become a potential method to obtain a low friction coefficient under dry/lubricated conditions for different mechanical product surfaces. The mechanism of friction and wear reduction from a micro-texture on the surface of cemented carbide cutting tools was investigated by dry cutting a titanium alloy. Three kinds of micro-textures, namely, line, sinusoidal and rhombic grooves, with different area occupancy rates were produced by a laser on the cemented carbide surface. Experiments and finite element simulation of ABAQUS were used to investigate the tribological characteristics of micro-textured cemented carbide. The results indicated that the line-textured cemented carbide with an area occupancy rate of 10% showed a low friction coefficient of 0.076, which is approximately 34% of the non-textured sample. Few adhesives appeared on the textured surface, while a large number of adhesives were attached to the smooth surface after 30 min of dry friction between the cemented carbide and the titanium alloy balls. Moreover, among the three textures, the line-groove texture has the smallest friction coefficient and a good anti-wear effect. The results show that the existence of a groove texture can effectively reserve the wear debris, reduce the bond wear and weaken the furrow effect.
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Tong, Xin, Shucai Yang, Xianli Liu, Weiwei Liu, and Chunsheng He. "Friction, wear, and fatigue analysis for micro-textured cemented carbide." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 17 (July 10, 2019): 5989–6004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219862588.
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In the research regarding laser-processed micro-textured carbide tool surfaces, there remains a lack of research on the relationship between micro-textured preparation processes and the degree of fatigue wear experienced by micro-textured surfaces. To study the effect of a laser-textured surface on the friction and wear properties of friction pairs, it first of all conducted friction and wear tests to obtain optimal processing parameters. By using a scanning electron microscope, the fatigue wear mechanism for a micro-textured surface was observed. Experimental results based on fatigue wear theory show that a micro-textured surface phase has better fatigue resistance than a smooth surface. Under the same friction conditions and selected test parameters, a micro-textured surface phase can reduce the maximum fatigue and friction wear of a smooth surface by 38.4%. This study provides a theoretical basis and source of reference for the rational formulation of micro-texture parameters and improvements in the performance of micro-textures during cutting processes.
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Du, Hongwei, Yunfeng Zhang, Fangxun Bao, Ping Wang, and Caiming Zhang. "A Texture Preserving Image Interpolation Algorithm Based on Rational Function." International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management 9, no. 2 (April 2018): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmdem.2018040103.
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In this article, a type of bivariate rational interpolation function is constructed for preserving image texture structure, which integrates polynomial functions with a rational function. On the basis of this model, an image interpolation algorithm for texture preserving is proposed. First, an isoline method is employed to detect the image texture, and then the image can be divided into texture regions and smooth regions adaptively. Second, the smooth region and the textured region are interpolated by the polynomial model and the rational model, respectively. Finally, in order to preserve image texture direction, an objective function based on the gradient is constructed, and the weight of the correlation point is calculated, and the pixel value of the interpolation point is determined by convolution. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves good competitive performance compared with the state-of-the-art interpolation algorithms, especially in preserving image details and edge structure.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Smooth texture"
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Ben, Ali Imed Eddine. "Wetting, Adhesion and friction investigations of hetero-chemical smooth patterned surfaces." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1250/document.
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Les surfaces texturées sont devenues, ces dernières années, des substrats de choix pour de nombreuses applications. En effet, la texturation des surfaces, de l'échelle nanométrique à l'échelle microscopique, permet d'accroître les propriétés d'adhérence ou de renforcer la résistance mécanique intrinsèque. Dans ce travail de thèse nous proposons une étude sur l'influence des textures chimiques sur le comportement tribologique, adhésif et sur la mouillabilité des substrats. Dans le premier chapitre, on propose une stratégie de micro-texturation des surfaces basées sur la technique de microcontact-printing et le greffage de chaînes de polymères de géométries/formes contrôlées. En outre, on a notamment étudié de manière approfondie la mouillabilité des surfaces texturées afin de comprendre les effets de diminution de taille des textures sur le comportement adhésif. Dans les expériences d'adhésion et frottement, un dispositif de type JKR (pour Johnson, Kendall et Roberts), une machine de frottement et une FFM ont été utilisés permettant d'observer le contact entre une sphère élastique et une pointe rigide avec un plan texturé tout en contrôlant la force entre les surfaces. En outre l'utilisation de ces différentes approches ne nous a pas finalement donné des explications satisfaisantes sur les mécanismes agissant sur les phénomènes interfaciaux. De ce fait, l'utilisation du démouillage de films minces de PS et de PDMS sur des surfaces texturées nous as permis de suivre l'évolution de l'instabilité du bourrelet à l'interface. Enfin, dans le dernier chapitre, nous avons étudier les différents aspects prédominants des phénomènes interfaciaux sur des surfaces homogènesMicro and Nanoscale surface patterns are considered as potential templates and building blocks for Micro/nanotechnology. As for materials in general, these micro /nano-scale surface structures have been of increasing research interest in recent years, due to their unique properties. They are expected to exhibit novel and significantly improved physical, chemical, mechanical and other properties, as well as to offer opportunities for manifestation of new phenomena and processes. In the present PhD work, we propose a multiple scale analysis of the adhesion, friction and wetting behaviors for different patterned interfaces. In a first chapter, we developed a general methodology to design well-defined surfaces combining micro-contact printing (µCP), self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and polymer grafting techniques. Then we study the wettability of a patterned solid surface. Where, the stick-slip regime, and the effect of the patterning at the mesoscale was investigated. Furthermore, we concentrate on the dependence of adhesion and friction between a polymer and a rigid tip on the composition of the patterned substrates using a JKR, FFM and friction machines. Intriguingly, the uses of these approaches did not provide us with a clear answer to our bewilderment. Therefore, in the third chapter, we adopted the approach of the dewetting of thin polymer film on top of patterned surfaces. We study the impact of the solid/liquid boundary condition on the evolution of the rim instability during the course of dewetting. The last chapter details the investigation of the predominant aspect between the chemistry introduced on the surface and the mechanical proprieties of the substrate
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Chang, Jason Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Extracting orientation and scale from smoothly varying textures with application to segmentation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55147.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-112).
The work in this thesis focuses on two main computer vision research topic: image segmentation and texture modeling. Information theoretic measures have been applied to image segmentation algorithms for the past decade. In previous work, common measures such as mutual information or J divergence have been used. Algorithms typically differ by the measure they use and the features they use to segment an image. When both the information measure and the features change, it is difficult to compare which algorithm actually performs better and for what reason. Though we do not provide a solution to this problem, we do compare and contrast three distances under two different measures. This thesis considers two forms of information theoretic based image segmentation algorithms that have previously been considered. We denote them here as the label method and the conditional method. Gradient ascent velocities are derived for a general Ali-Silvey distance for both methods, and a unique bijective mapping is shown to exist between the two methods when the Ali-Silvey distance takes on a specific form. While the conditional method is more commonly considered, it is implicitly limited by a two-region segmentation by construction. Using the derived mapping, one can easily extend a binary segmentation algorithm based on the conditional method to a multiregion segmentation algorithm based on the label method. The importance of initializations and local extrema is also considered, and a method of multiple random initializations is shown to produce better results.
(cont.) Additionally, segmentation results and methods for comparing the utility of the different measures are presented. This thesis also considers a novel texture model for representing textured regions with smooth variations in orientation and scale. By utilizing the steerable pyramid of Simoncelli and Freeman, the textured regions of natural images are decomposed into explicit local attributes of contrast, bias, scale, and orientation. Once found, smoothness in these attributes are imposed via estimation of Markov random fields. This combination allows for demonstrable improvements in common scene analysis applications including segmentation, reflectance and shading estimation, and estimation of the radiometric response function from a single grayscale image.
by Jason Chang.
S.M.
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Gallardo, Mathias. "Contributions to Monocular Deformable 3D Reconstruction : Curvilinear Objects and Multiple Visual Cues." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC021/document.
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La reconstruction 3D monoculaire déformable est le problème général d'estimation de forme 3D d'un objet déformable à partir d'images 2D. Plusieurs scénarios ont émergé : le Shape-from-Template (SfT) et le Non-Rigid Structure-from-Motion (NRSfM) sont deux approches qui ont été grandement étudiées pour leur applicabilité. La première utilise une seule image qui montre un objet se déformant et un patron (une forme 3D texturée de l'objet dans une pose de référence). La seconde n'utilise pas de patron, mais utilise plusieurs images et estime la forme 3D dans chaque image. Les deux approches s'appuient sur le mouvement de points de correspondances entre les images et sur des a priori de déformations, restreignant ainsi leur utilisation à des surfaces texturées qui se déforment de manière lisse. Cette thèse fait avancer l'état de l'art du SfT et du NRSfM dans deux directions. La première est l'étude du SfT dans le cas de patrons 1D (c’est-à-dire des courbes comme des cordes et des câbles). La seconde direction est le développement d'algorithmes de SfT et de NRSfM qui exploitent plusieurs indices visuels et qui résolvent des cas réels et complexes non-résolus précédemment. Nous considérons des déformations isométriques et reconstruisons la partie extérieure de l'objet. Les contributions techniques et scientifiques de cette thèse sont divisées en quatre parties.La première partie de cette thèse étudie le SfT curvilinéaire, qui est le cas du patron curvilinéaire plongé dans un espace 2D ou 3D. Nous proposons une analyse théorique approfondie et des solutions pratiques pour le SfT curvilinéaire. Malgré son apparente simplicité, le SfT curvilinéaire s'est avéré être un problème complexe : il ne peut pas être résolu à l'aide de solutions locales non-holonomes d'une équation différentielle ordinaire et ne possède pas de solution unique, mais un nombre fini de solutions ambiguës. Une contribution technique majeure est un algorithme basé sur notre théorie, qui génère toutes les solutions ambiguës. La deuxième partie de cette thèse traite d'une limitation des méthodes de SfT : la reconstruction de plis. Cette limitation vient de la parcimonie de la contrainte de mouvement et de la régularisation. Nous proposons deux contributions qui s'appuient sur un cadre de minimisation d'énergie non-convexe. Tout d'abord, nous complétons la contrainte de mouvement avec une contrainte robuste de bord. Ensuite, nous modélisons implicitement les plis à l'aide d'une représentation dense de la surface basée maillage et d'une contrainte robuste de lissage qui désactive automatiquement le lissage de la courbure sans connaître a priori la position des plis.La troisième partie de cette thèse est dédiée à une autre limitation du SfT : la reconstruction de surfaces peu texturées. Cette limitation vient de la difficulté d'obtenir des correspondances (parcimonieuses ou denses) sur des surfaces peu texturées. Comme l'ombrage révèle les détails sur des surfaces peu texturées, nous proposons de combiner l'ombrage avec le SfT. Nous présentons deux contributions. La première est une initialisation en cascade qui estime séquentiellement la déformation de la surface, l'illumination de la scène, la réponse de la caméra et enfin les albédos de la surface à partir d'images monoculaires où la surface se déforme. La seconde est l'intégration de l'ombrage à notre précédent cadre de minimisation d'énergie afin de raffiner simultanément les paramètres photométriques et de déformation.La dernière partie de cette thèse relâche la connaissance du patron et aborde deux limitations du NRSfM : la reconstruction de surfaces peu texturées avec des plis. Une contribution majeure est l'extension du second cadre d'optimisation pour la reconstruction conjointe de la forme 3D de la surface sur toutes les images d'entrée et des albédos de la surface sans en connaître un patronMonocular deformable 3D reconstruction is the general problem of recovering the 3D shape of a deformable object from monocular 2D images. Several scenarios have emerged: the Shape-from-Template (SfT) and the Non-Rigid Structure-from-Motion (NRSfM) are two approaches intensively studied for their practicability. The former uses a single image depicting the deforming object and a template (a textured 3D shape of this object in a reference pose). The latter does not use a template, but uses several images and recovers the 3D shape in each image. Both approaches rely on the motion of correspondences between the images and deformation priors, which restrict their use to well-textured surfaces which deform smoothly. This thesis advances the state-of-the-art in SfT and NRSfM in two main directions. The first direction is to study SfT for the case of 1D templates (i.e. curved, thin structures such as ropes and cables). The second direction is to develop algorithms in SfT and NRSfM that exploit multiple visual cues and can solve complex, real-world cases which were previously unsolved. We focus on isometric deformations and reconstruct the outer part of the object. The technical and scientific contributions of this thesis are divided into four parts. The first part of this thesis studies the case of a curvilinear template embedded in 2D or 3D space, referred to Curve SfT. We propose a thorough theoretical analysis and practical solutions for Curve SfT. Despite its apparent simplicity, Curve SfT appears to be a complex problem: it cannot be solved locally using exact non-holonomic partial differential equation and is only solvable up to a finite number of ambiguous solutions. A major technical contribution is a computational solution based on our theory, which generates all the ambiguous solutions.The second part of this thesis deals with a limitation of SfT methods: reconstructing creases. This is due to the sparsity of the motion constraint and regularization. We propose two contributions which rely on a non-convex energy minimization framework. First, we complement the motion constraint with a robust boundary contour constraint. Second, we implicitly model creases with a dense mesh-based surface representation and an associated robust smoothing constraint, which deactivates curvature smoothing automatically where needed, without knowing a priori the crease location. The third part of this thesis is dedicated to another limitation of SfT: reconstructing poorly-textured surfaces. This is due to correspondences which cannot be obtained so easily on poorly-textured surfaces (either sparse or dense). As shading reveals details on poorly-textured surfaces, we propose to combine shading and SfT. We have two contributions. The first is a cascaded initialization which estimates sequentially the surface's deformation, the scene illumination, the camera response and then the surface albedos from deformed monocular images. The second is to integrate shading to our previous energy minimization framework for simultaneously refining deformation and photometric parameters.The last part of this thesis relaxes the knowledge of the template and addresses two limitations of NRSfM: reconstructing poorly-textured surfaces with creases. Our major contribution is an extension of the second framework to recover jointly the 3D shapes of all input images and the surface albedos without any template
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Vaikuntanathan, Visakh. "Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Liquid Drop Impact on Solid Surfaces Comprising Smooth and Texture Portions." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3939.
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Solid surfaces featuring a spatial variation of surface wettability along particular directions on their surface, referred to as wettability gradient surfaces, are becoming increasingly important in practical applications such as enhancement of boiling and condensation heat transfer and separation of immiscible liquids in smart micro-fluidic devices. With the aid of an external energy input, such as mechanical vibration or impact kinetic energy, a liquid drop on such surfaces gets propelled towards more wettable region on the surface. A fundamental study of impact dynamics of liquid drops on such solid surfaces is relevant in understanding their effectiveness.
The present thesis reports a combined experimental and theoretical study on the impact dynamics of liquid drops on solid surfaces comprising a smooth portion and a groove-textured portion separated by a junction line (dual-textured surfaces). Three different dual-textured surfaces – two made of intrinsically hydrophilic stainless steel and one of intrinsically hydrophobic poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS) – are considered. Liquid drops, with Weber number (We) in the range 1–100, are impacted on the junction of the dual-textured surfaces and the entire impact dynamics across the junction is captured using a high speed video camera. Experiments of drop impact on the homogeneous surface portions of dual-textured surfaces (far away from the junction) are also conducted.
The temporal variation of drop contact radius measured from the junction line on smooth and groove-textured portions of the dual-textured surfaces exhibits four distinct stages – primary spreading, primary receding, secondary spreading on more wettable surface portion, and final equilibrium – with the final outcome being the bulk movement and deposition of liquid drop away from the junction towards the more hydrophilic surface portion. Secondary parameters characterizing each of these different stages are extracted from these measurements and a one-to-one comparison between dual-textured and homogenous surfaces is presented. A significant effect of dual-texture nature is seen on the receding process of impacting drops. On the dual-textured surfaces, the receding velocity of impacting drop on the groove-textured portion is always greater than that on the smooth portion. The asymmetry in drop receding results in a drop drift velocity towards the more wettable surface portion leading to an enhanced secondary drop spreading on the more wettable smooth portion. The drop drift velocity shows a decrease with We at low We and remains almost constant at higher We after a particular value of We. Correspondingly, the ratio of the maximum drop spread factor achieved during the secondary spreading (βm2) to that during the primary spreading (βm) is seen to decrease with We at low We and remains constant at higher We. Owing to the differences in the static equilibrium wetting difference, βm2/βm is more on the stainless steel dual-textured surfaces than on the PDMS dual-textured surface. The presence of dual-texture results in a higher final spread on more wettable smooth portion and smaller final spread on less wettable textured portion of the dual-textured surfaces and this difference decreases with We. The difference in final spread factors between
the smooth and textured portions is more on the stainless steel dual-textured surfaces than the PDMS dual-textured surface. The bulk drop movement (ξ), characterized in terms of distance measured from the junction to the final drop center, decreases with We at low We and remains constant at higher We on the stainless steel dual-textured surfaces whereas it remains constant at low We and decreases at higher We on the PDMS dual-textured surface. ξ on the PDMS dual-textured surface is always less than that on the stainless dual-textured surface due to the lower wetting difference across the junction of the former.
Comparison of the trends of secondary parameters with the predictions from theoretical models reported in literature showed a lack of agreement. This is due to various physical processes encountered by impacting drop on the groove-textured surface, identified through experiments of drop impact on homogeneous groove-textured surfaces, such as (i) convex shape of liquid-vapor interface near contact line at maximum spreading, (ii) impregnation of drop liquid into the grooves during impact, and (iii) contact line pinning of spreading drop at the asperity edges of surface texture, as well as the wetting difference in dual-textured surfaces. The inclusion of these physical processes under conventional energy conservation approach is seen to predict the experimentally observed trends of maximum drop spread factor on the groove-textured portions. A force balance model, applied to the liquid drop configuration at the beginning of drop receding on the dual-textured surfaces, predicts the qualitative trend of ξ with We on all surfaces. Drop liquid impregnation into the grooves of textured portion at We > Wecr (critical We corresponding to transition from Cassie to impaled state) is proposed as a possible physical mechanism to account for the explanation of the specific trends of ξ with We. A theoretical model formulated using force balance at the three phase contact line beneath impacting drop on groove-textured surface is presented for the prediction of Wecr.
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(8333136), Mohammed D. Aldosari. "Mobile LiDAR for Monitoring MSE Walls with Smooth and Textured Precast Concrete Panels." Thesis, 2020.
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Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls retain soil on steep, unstable slopes with crest loads. Over the last decade, they are becoming quite popular due to their low cost-to-benefit ratio, design flexibility, and ease of construction. Like any civil infrastructure, MSE walls need to be continuously monitored according to transportation asset management criteria during and after the construction stage to ensure that their expected serviceability measures are met and to detect design and/or construction issues, which could lead to structural failure. Current approaches for monitoring MSE walls are mostly qualitative (e.g., visual inspection or examination). Besides being time consuming, visual inspection might have inconsistencies due to human subjectivity. Other monitoring approaches are based on using total station, geotechnical field instrumentations, and/or Static Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). These instruments are capable of providing highly accurate, reliable performance measures. However, the underlying data acquisition and processing strategies are time-consuming and are not scalable. This research focuses on a comprehensive strategy using a Mobile LiDAR Mapping System (MLS) for the acquisition and processing of point clouds covering the MSE wall. The strategy produces standard serviceability measures, as defined by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) – e.g., longitudinal and transversal angular distortions. It also delivers a set of recently developed measures (e.g., out-of-plane offsets and 3D position/orientation deviations for individual panels constituting the MSE wall). Moreover, it is also capable of handling MSE walls with smooth or textured panels with the latter being the focus of this research due to its more challenging nature. For this study, an ultra-high-accuracy wheel-based MLS has been developed to efficiently acquire reliable data conducive to the development of the standard and new serviceability measures. To illustrate the feasibility of the proposed acquisition/processing strategy, two case studies in this research have been conducted with the first one focusing on the comparative performance of static and mobile LiDAR in terms of the agreement of the derived serviceability measures. The second case study aims at illustrating the feasibility of the proposed strategy in handling large textured MSE walls. Results from both case studies confirm the potential of using MLS for efficient, economic, and reliable monitoring of MSE walls.
Books on the topic "Smooth texture"
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Bentley, Joyce. Smooth. North Mankato, MN: Chrysalis Education, 2005.
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Michele, Tracey. Rough and smooth. North Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media, 2006.
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Smooth or rough. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2008.
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Dawson, Emily C. Rough and smooth. Mankato, Minnesota: Amicus, 2012.
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Dawson, Emily C. Rough and smooth. Mankato, Minnesota: Amicus, 2012.
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Rough or smooth. Chicago: Raintree, 2005.
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Brocket, Jane. Spiky, Slimy, Smooth: What Is Texture? Lerner Publishing Group, 2011.
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Brocket, Jane. Spiky, Slimy, Smooth: What Is Texture? Lerner Publishing Group, 2010.
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Spiky Slimy Smooth What Is Texture. Millbrook Press, 2011.
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Little Nippers: Is It - Rough or Smooth (Little Nippers). Heinemann Library, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Smooth texture"
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Gårding, Jonas. "Shape from texture for smooth curved surfaces." In Computer Vision — ECCV'92, 630–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55426-2_67.
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Shaila, S. G., and A. Vadivel. "Smooth Weighted Colour Histogram Using Human Visual Perception for Content-Based Image Retrieval Applications." In Textual and Visual Information Retrieval using Query Refinement and Pattern Analysis, 77–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2559-5_4.
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"smooth texture." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1257. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_194784.
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"Texture image segmentation with smooth gradients and local information." In Computational Modelling of Objects Represented in Images III, 137–42. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12753-28.
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Probert Smith, Penelope. "Smooth and Rough Target Modelling: Examples in Mapping and Texture Classification." In World Scientific Series in Robotics and Intelligent Systems, 61–78. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811141_0005.
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Keefer, Robert F. "Physical Properties of Soils." In Handbook of Soils for Landscape Architects. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121025.003.0006.
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Soil texture can be defined as the size and proportion of the soil particles—sand, silt, and clay—that are present in a soil. . . . Sand is the largest—from 0.05 to 2mm—and considered coarse texture; consists of angular spheres or cubes. Silt is intermediate—from 0.002 to 0.05mm—and considered medium texture; consists of properties between sand and clay. Clay is the smallest, being less than 0.002mm, and considered fine texture; appears as plate-like or flakes. . . . Any individual soil can be placed on the soil textural diagram when relative amounts of sand, silt, and clay are specified. As a general rule, the type of soil can be determined by feel when squeezed between the fingers. If the soil feels harsh and gritty it would be classified as a sandy soil. One that feels smooth and not sticky or plastic would be a silt soil, and one that is sticky or plastic would be a clay. Another way to distinguish between soils is their ability to form a ribbon. Soils that will not form a ribbon are sands. Those that form a fragile ribbon are loams; those that easily form a thick ribbon are clay loams; and those that easily form a long, thin, flexible ribbon are clays. . . . To be classified a sand, the soil must have more than 45% sand. To be classified a clay, the soil must have more than 20% clay. Loam is a mixture of sand, silt, and clay in about equal proportions. It is considered “ideal” for growing plants. . . . Weight of the soil solids is called “particle density.” For most common mineral soils (soils in which organic matter is usually less than 20%), particle density is about 2.65 g/cm3. Organic soils (where organic matter is greater than 20%) are usually about half as heavy, with particle density between 1.1 to 1.4 g/cm3. This measurement would be an important factor to consider if much material was to be transported for topsoiling.
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Purves, Alex. "Rough Reading." In Experience, Narrative, and Criticism in Ancient Greece, 172–87. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848295.003.0009.
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This chapter argues that reading is portrayed in Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Ps.-Demetrius, and Ps.-Longinus as an experiential process dependent upon the smooth or rough quality of both objects and words. It focuses on two material surfaces which recur in ancient descriptions of Homer’s austere method of composition—first wool, which is tangled, unworked, and a mix of the material and ethereal; then stone, whose unhewn surface slows down and burdens the hands of Polyphemus and Sisyphus in the Odyssey. Drawing on the work of both Herder and Shklovsky on aesthetic perception, the chapter argues for an ancient understanding of reading based on a haptic model of contemplation, wherein a word’s weight or texture mimetically and temporally interacts with the events being narrated.
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Burden, Mark. "Editing Shadows." In Textual Transformations, 173–91. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808817.003.0010.
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Since its first publication in 1806, Lucy Hutchinson’s Memoirs of the Life of Colonel Hutchinson has been praised for its sensitive political analysis and its literary excellence. However, both these features are editorial constructions which conceal aspects of the text’s revolutionary energy and smooth over its syntactical rough edges. The beginnings of this process may be viewed in the manuscript annotations of Hutchinson’s nephew, the text’s early custodian, whose response to the growing tide of anti-regicide literature was to conceal his aunt’s republican writings from public view. The main responsibility for reshaping Hutchinson’s prose and injecting a Whiggish flavour into the text was Julius Hutchinson the younger, the text’s first editor. His work formed the basis of all nineteenth-century editions, but eventually led to a bifurcation in Hutchinson scholarship between those who emphasized the text’s feminine literary qualities, and those who questioned its authority as a historical record.
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"Summary and Discussion." In Advances in Linguistics and Communication Studies, 134–49. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6344-0.ch006.
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The book developed an approach to interviewing that takes, as its point of reference, a functional communication theory and uses some of its units for conceptualizing interviewing practices in terms of canonical genres and textual strategies. Planning interview protocols now involves a process of assigning canonical genres to the candidate questions. During the interview process, enactment practices facilitate the smooth enactment of the interview and aids interviewers in reflecting and learning in both static and go-along interviews. In the final chapter, the argument and findings of the book are summarized and future research directions for this approach to interviews and interviewing are suggested. The domains of interest in the book have been related to organizations and business. Potential future applications are suggested that involve the storing, processing and manipulation of interview texts and the searching and retrieval of generically coded segments that can benefit knowledge and experience management in organizations.
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Graumann, Thomas. "The Structure and Elements of the ‘Ideal’ Session-Record and the Role of ‘Editing’." In The Acts of the Early Church Councils, 257–62. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868170.003.0016.
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Summarizing the findings of the previous chapters, this chapter sketches what might be considered an ideal type of a conciliar session protocol, as it starts with a conventional frame giving date and place and elucidation of the occasion, then progresses through the agenda and culminates in the recording of the oral verdicts of the bishops, concluding with the written formulization in a verdict signed by them. The protocol of the much-criticized Council of Ephesus (449) paradoxically comes very close to this ideal, when taken on its own terms. The seeming contradiction between this document’s smooth formality and the alleged tyrannical manipulations of the meeting it portrays alerts us to the role of a deeper editing, here and generally, by which the records were made to match the designs and self-image of both ecclesiastical and civil authorities, and which cannot be entirely captured by the attention to the textual processes required for their production alone.
Conference papers on the topic "Smooth texture"
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Nguyen, Thanh Tuan, Thanh Phuong Nguyen, and Frederic Bouchara. "Smooth-Invariant Gaussian Features for Dynamic Texture Recognition." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2019.8803449.
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Chung, Yu-Min, Michael Hull, and Austin Lawson. "Smooth Summaries of Persistence Diagrams and Texture Classification." In 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw50498.2020.00428.
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Watson, Cori, Wisher Paudel, Houston G. Wood, and Brian K. Weaver. "Quantifying the Linearity of the Fluid Dynamics for Noncontacting Annular Seals." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66804.
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Non-contacting annular seals are used in turbomachinery to reduce the leakage of working fluid. The leakage is caused by a pressure differential across the seal and is reduced through textures cut into the surface of the seal. Three common types of non-contacting annular seals are labyrinth seals, hole-pattern seals, and helical groove seals. Labyrinth seals have circumferentially cut grooves as their surface texture. Helical groove seals have continuously cut grooves following a helical path along the surface. Hole-pattern seals have holes patterned across the surface. Each surface texture causes different flow patterns and sealing mechanisms. These non-contacting annular seals can have textures cut across the surface of the rotor, the surface of the stator, or both. The goal of this study is to determine the degree to which the flow of seals with textures on both surfaces can be viewed as the superposition of the flow for a seal with the rotor surface textured and a smooth stator combined with the flow for a seal with the stator surface textured and a smooth rotor. To accomplish this goal, simulations were run in ANSYS CFX for each seal type and configuration for a variety of rotor speeds and pressure ratios to compare superimposed solutions to standard 3D solutions. The ability to superimpose solutions to a differential equation — and therefore a fluid dynamics system — is determined by the linearity of the differential equation. By comparing the superimposed solution with the standard solution, this study will quantify the degree of non-linearity in the system. The degree of divergence away from linearity will be compared against the rotor speed and pressure ratio, which are proportional to the Reynold’s number. The Navier-Stokes equation contains a non-linear inertial force term. The relative significance of the inertia forces is predicted by the Reynold’s number so a strong correlation is expected between the Reynold’s number and the agreement between the flow found by superposition and the flow found by the actual seal model. The other application of this research is to the computational modeling of annular seals. Annular seals can be computationally demanding and time consuming to model. This is especially true for seals with texture on both surfaces where millions of finite volumes may be needed in the simulation in order to find a convergent solution. For rotor speeds with strong agreement between the actual flow and the superimposed flow, superposition can be applied to perform faster simulations of seals with texture on both surfaces.
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Starck, Jean-Luc, Mikael Elad, and David L. Donoho. "Image decomposition: separation of texture from piecewise smooth content." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by Michael A. Unser, Akram Aldroubi, and Andrew F. Laine. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.507447.
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Larsen-Basse, Jorn, Lewis Ives, and Stephen M. Hsu. "Boundary Lubricated Friction Experiments With Coarse Surface Texture." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63355.
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Low-speed friction experiments were conducted under boundary lubrication in a pin-on-disk tester. The 304 stainless steel disk had smooth areas alternating with areas of coarse surface texture consisting of indents or macroscopic grooves, 0.3–0.4 mm in size and in area fractions varying between 25 and 70%. The 3.2 mm flat pin was also SS304. The coarse texture has detrimental effects. For each pattern the friction coefficient is greater than for the smooth areas. It becomes independent of load as boundary conditions set in. In comparing various patterns it is noted that this friction coefficient increases with pressure or with the amount of area removed to form the texture. It is suggested that partial removal of surface area to form the texture reduces the number of trapped liquid patches, which otherwise can provide low-friction load support. The coarse texture may also conduct lubricant away from the contact area.
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Cheng, Jiangtao, Aref Vandadi, and Chung-Lung Chen. "Condensation Heat Transfer on Two-Tier Superhydrophobic Surfaces." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85841.
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Superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit large contact angle (> 150°) and small hysteresis (< 5°) which facilitate liquid transport and are expected to enhance condensation heat transfer on the surfaces. By growing short carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on an array of microposts etched on a silicon wafer, we formed a two-tier multiscale texture mimicking the surface structure of lotus leaves. Compared to one-tier microtexture which energetically favors the Wenzel state, the two-tier texture with micro/nano-scale roughness favors the Cassie state, the desired superhydrophobic state. Using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), we investigated moisture condensation on the fluoropolymer-coated two-tier texture and we have observed continuous dropwise condensation on the engineered superhydrophobic surface. However, in a customer-designed vapor chamber our condensation measurements indicate that a film layer of condensate in Wenzel state was formed on the textured surface. In particular, due to the filmwise condensation, the condensation heat transfer coefficient of the lotus-leaf-like surface is lower than that of a smooth hydrophobic surface especially under high heat flux situations.
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Papadopoulos, C. I., P. G. Nikolakopoulos, and L. Kaiktsis. "Characterization of Stiffness and Damping in Textured Sector-Pad Micro- Thrust Bearings Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69403.
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In the present paper, a study of stiffness and damping in sector-pad micro-thrust bearings with artificial surface texturing is presented, based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The bearing pads are modeled as consecutive three-dimensional independent micro-channels, each consisting of a smooth rotating wall (rotor) and a partially textured stationary wall (stator). CFD simulations are performed, consisting in the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible isothermal flow. The goal of the present study is to characterize the dynamic behavior of favorable designs, identified in previous optimization studies, comprising parallel and convergent thrust bearings with rectangular texture patterns. To this end, a translational degree of freedom (DOF) along the thrust direction and a rotational (tilting) DOF of the rotor are considered. By implementing appropriate small perturbations around the equilibrium (steady-state) position and processing the simulation results, the stiffness and damping coefficients of the bearing are obtained for each DOF. The computed dynamic coefficients of textured thrust bearings are compared to those of conventional (smooth slider) designs. It is found that the dependence of bearing stiffness and damping on geometrical parameters exhibits the same trends for both DOFs. Both stiffness and damping are found to increase with bearing width. In general, increasing the bearing convergence ratio results in increased bearing stiffness and decreased damping. Finally, the present results demonstrate that properly textured parallel sliders are characterized by an overall dynamic performance which is superior to that of smooth converging sliders.
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Pothen, Zania S., and Stephen Nuske. "Texture-based fruit detection via images using the smooth patterns on the fruit." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra.2016.7487722.
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Li, Wei, Si-pu Guo, Xiao-peng Zhou, David J. Kukulka, and Jin-liang Xu. "A General Correlation for Condensation Heat Transfer in Micro-Fin for Herringbone and Dimple-Texture Tubes." In ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2015-48198.
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An experimental investigation was performed to evaluate the condensation characteristics inside smooth, herringbone and dimple-textured (Vipertex 1EHT) tubes; with the same outer diameter (12.7 mm); using R22 and R410a refrigerants; for a mass flux that ranges from 81 to 178.5 kg/m 2 s. The condensation saturation temperature is 47°C; with an inlet quality of 0.8 and an outlet vapor quality of 0.2. Results indicate that the condensation heat transfer coefficient of the herringbone tube was approximately 3 times that of the smooth tube for R22; and has an enhancement heat transfer factor of 2.3 for R410a. The enhancement heat transfer coefficient multiplier for the textured dimple tube is approximately 2 times that of a smooth tube for R22; and 1.8 for R410a. Severalpreviously reported correlations are used to compare the heat transfer coefficient measurements in the plain tube; while a new equation is proposed to predict the heat transfer coefficient in the herringbone tube.
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Liu, Zhenyu, and Yi Wan. "A robust denoising method for random-valued impulse noise based on smooth and texture region separation." In 2012 International Conference on Systems and Informatics (ICSAI). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsai.2012.6223406.
Full textReports on the topic "Smooth texture"
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Martin, S. J., K. O. Wessendorf, C. T. Gebert, G. C. Frye, R. W. Cernosek, L. Casaus, and M. A. Mitchell. Measuring liquid properties with smooth- and textured-surface resonators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/139545.
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