Relevant bibliographies by topics / SMOOTH BLADES

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'SMOOTH BLADES'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "SMOOTH BLADES"

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Gutiérrez, R., E. Llorente, and D. Ragni. "Induced stalled flow due to roughness sensitivity for thick airfoils in modern wind turbines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2151, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2151/1/012001.

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Abstract The mid-span region of wind turbine blades can be thickened to fulfil the structural requirements of the blade. Hence, thick airfoils, that were designed to operate at the root region of the blade, are moved to the mid-span region. This could not imply remarkable variations of the blade performance once its surface is smooth. However, the sensitivity of thick airfoils to roughness could cause significant aerodynamic impacts such as flow separation. This research aims to quantify the impact of the blade thickness, under smooth and rough conditions, in the annual energy production and the fatigue loads of the blade. Ten blade designs, linearly interpolated in thickness, are studied employing aero-elastic computations. The results reveal that the thickest blade increases the annual energy production by 5% with respect to the thinnest blade under rough conditions. Whereas this increase is less than 1% under smooth conditions. The loss of annual energy production varies with the blade thickness linearly for thin blades while it varies exponentially for thick blades up to 22%. Fatigue loads assessment confirmed a reduction of the damage equivalent load under smooth conditions, whereas the thickest blade increased it 28% under rough conditions.
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Lu, Lei, and Li Da Zhang. "3D Geometric Modeling of Francis Turbine Blades Based on Wooden Patterns and UG Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 596 (July 2014): 606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.606.

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To quickly and easily get a smooth and accurate 3D model of blades, This paper was based on the two-dimensional wooden patterns of the existing francis turbine blades in "AutoCAD", by importing UG software platform, directly translating two-dimensional lines to get three-dimensional wooden patterns, without calculating the spatial coordinates of distribution points on the blade section lines, obtaining the optimized smooth pressure sides and suction sides of the blades by characteristic surface intersecting lines, after partial rounding and sewing the sheets, the process of three-dimensional modeling of blades was finally completed. This takes a solid foundation for hydraulic performance prediction and CFD numerical simulation analysis of the francis turbine. The blade modeling method described in this article has some reference value.
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Zhang, Si Qing, Guo Hua Ma, Yun Long Zhang, and Dong Wang. "Hydraulic Turbine Blades Modeling Based on Two-Dimensional Wooden Patterns." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1521.

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There are many difficulties to design, processing and research on numerical simulation for Francis turbine because of the complexity of blade shape and the difficulty of solid modeling. Based on two-dimensional wooden patterns of Francis turbine blades, this article aims to complete blades three-dimensional modeling for Francis turbine runner with long and short blades by means of Pro-E software which has powerful 3D modeling function. After comparing three kinds of available methods to generate blade across section which provided by Pro-E, finally completed blades three-dimensional modeling by method of generating across section with point files, established a smooth and accurate three-dimensional model. The method provides an accurate physical model for the numerical simulation of the Francis turbine with long and short blades, as well as provides a feasible approach for hydro-mechanical blades modeling.
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Siddappaji, Kiran, and Mark G. Turner. "Versatile Tool for Parametric Smooth Turbomachinery Blades." Aerospace 9, no. 9 (August 31, 2022): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9090489.

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Designing blades for efficient energy transfer by turning the flow and angular momentum change is both an art and iterative multidisciplinary engineering process. A robust parametric design tool with few inputs to create 3D blades for turbomachinery and rotating or non-rotating energy converters is described in this paper. The parameters include axial–radial coordinates of the leading/trailing edges, construction lines (streamlines), metal angles, thickness-to-chord ratio, standard, and user-defined airfoil type among others. Using these, 2D airfoils are created, conformally mapped to 3D stream surfaces, stacked radially with multiple options, and they are transformed to a 3D Cartesian coordinate system. Smooth changes in blade curvature are essential to ensure a smooth pressure distribution and attached flow. B-splines are used to control meanline curvature, thickness, leading edge shape, sweep-lean, and other parameters chordwise and spanwise, making the design iteration quick and easy. C2 curve continuity is achieved through parametric segments of cubic and quartic B-splines and is better than G2. New geometries using an efficient parametric scheme and minimal CAD interaction create watertight solid bodies and optional fluid domains. Several examples of ducted axial and radial turbomachinery with special airfoil shapes or otherwise, unducted rotors including propellers and wind and hydrokinetic turbines are presented to demonstrate versatility and robustness of the tool and can be easily tied to any automation chain and optimizer.
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Thilmany, Jean. "Smooth Operator." Mechanical Engineering 124, no. 07 (July 1, 2002): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2002-jul-4.

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This article reviews finite element analysis (FEA) that helped Boeing to eliminate oiled bearings on its Chinook helicopter. The pitch-hinge assembly on the helicopter permits the blade to rotate on its longitudinal axis and to control thrust, which determines where the helicopter is going. In other words, it dictates the pitch of the rotor blades and is one of the most important hinges on the craft. About 2 years ago, Boeing sought to redesign the pitch-hinge assembly to replace the bearings with a self-lubricated hinge. FEA is the use of a complex system of points, called nodes that form a grid, or mesh, across a computer-aided design model. The mesh contains the material and structural properties that define how the part will react to certain load conditions. In essence, FEA is a numerical method used to solve a variety of engineering problems that involve stress, heat transfer, electromagnetism, and fluid flow.
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Boynton, J. L., R. Tabibzadeh, and S. T. Hudson. "Investigation of Rotor Blade Roughness Effects on Turbine Performance." Journal of Turbomachinery 115, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929298.

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The cold air test program was completed on the SSME (Space Shuttle Main Engine) HPFTP (High-Pressure Fuel Turbopump) turbine with production nozzle vane rings and polished coated rotor blades with a smooth surface finish of 30 μin. (0.76 μm) rms (root mean square). The smooth blades were polished by an abrasive flow machining process. The test results were compared with the air test results from production rough-coated rotor blades with a surface finish of up to 400 μin. (10.16 μm) rms. Turbine efficiency was higher for the smooth blades over the entire range tested. Efficiency increased 2.1 percentage points at the SSME 104 percent RPL (Rated Power Level) conditions. This efficiency improvement could reduce the SSME HPFTP turbine inlet temperature by 57 R (32 K), increasing turbine durability. The turbine flow parameter increased and the midspan outlet swirl angle became more axial with the smooth rotor blades.
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Chen, Jian Ping, Li Xin Huo, and Hai Jun Li. "Failure Diagnosis of Large Cooling Tower Fan Based on FFT and EMD Analysis Method." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 1139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.1139.

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Large cooling tower fan mainly used in petroleum, chemical, electric power industry, carries industrial water circulating cooling function and its operational status directly affects the industrial production. The blades are the important parts of the fan. The modal analysis is used to find the distribution of blade vibration frequency, and then the acquisition and analysis of vibration parameters of running large cooling tower fan blades are done using the EMD methods. Finally, compare with the modal analysis to find out safety hazards of fan blades. This method can eliminate the failures of the cooling tower fan blades, shorten the repair cycle, ensure the smooth production of the enterprise and improve economic efficiency.
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Gu, Yun Qing, Zheng Zan Shi, Jie Gang Mou, Hao Shuai Wang, and Pei Jian Zhou. "Non-Smooth Surface Flow Drag Reduction Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump Impeller." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 24 (June 2016): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.24.44.

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In order to improve the efficiency of centrifugal pump, based on the bionics principle, established non-smooth surfaces of various groove structure on the centrifugal pump impeller. The internal flow field of it was numerically simulated through RNG k-ε turbulence model. Research the drag reduction characteristics of non-smooth impeller in different groove shape and arrangement. The results showed that the biggest drag reduction rate of centrifugal pump with non-smooth blades is about 6.22%. The blades of non-smooth unit can effectively inhibit the near wall boundary layer flow state, reduce the shear stress on blades wall, reduce the internal fluid turbulent degree of centrifugal pump, so that the fluid flow in centrifugal pump impeller is more stable, improve the efficiency of centrifugal pump.
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Růžička, Milan, Josef Jurenka, Martin Nesládek, and Ján Džugan. "Fatigue Strength Simulation and Prediction of a Turbine Blade." Key Engineering Materials 627 (September 2014): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.627.229.

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Fatigue strength prediction methods of blades of a high pressure steam turbine are the main topic of this article. Experimental approaches, as well as use of the experimental results for the verification of the finite element method (FEM) and fatigue models, were performed on two basic levels. First, verification by the fatigue tests of smooth and notched cylindrical specimens under room and service conditions was performed. Second, verification of the real blade fatigue limit prediction was conducted. These tests were carried out using special test stand under the typical combined blades loading. Appropriate uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue criteria were applied. Achieved results were finally used in the process of the fatigue strength prediction of rotor blades.
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Li, Mo, Yuwang Yang, Li Guo, Donghui Chen, Hongliang Sun, and Jin Tong. "Design and Analysis of Bionic Cutting Blades Using Finite Element Method." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/471347.

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Praying mantis is one of the most efficient predators in insect world, which has a pair of powerful tools, two sharp and strong forelegs. Its femur and tibia are both armed with a double row of strong spines along their posterior edges which can firmly grasp the prey, when the femur and tibia fold on each other in capturing. These spines are so sharp that they can easily and quickly cut into the prey. The geometrical characteristic of the praying mantis’s foreleg, especially its tibia, has important reference value for the design of agricultural soil-cutting tools. Learning from the profile and arrangement of these spines, cutting blades with tooth profile were designed in this work. Two different sizes of tooth structure and arrangement were utilized in the design on the cutting edge. A conventional smooth-edge blade was used to compare with the bionic serrate-edge blades. To compare the working efficiency of conventional blade and bionic blades, 3D finite element simulation analysis and experimental measurement were operated in present work. Both the simulation and experimental results indicated that the bionic serrate-edge blades showed better performance in cutting efficiency.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SMOOTH BLADES"

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Manry, Rebecca A. "Performance comparison between rough and smooth-cast blades in a low-speed multistage compressor." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FManry.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Garth V. Hobson. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p.103). Also available in print.
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Murtada, Sae-Il. "Smooth muscle modeling activation and contraction of contractile units in smooth muscle /." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för teknikvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11349.

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Mattern, Heather M. "Lipotoxicity in smooth muscle." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4411.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Masters, Jonathan Grenville. "Sources of calcium involved in detrusor smooth muscle contraction." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312030.

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Summers, Martin J. "The preparation and properties of some bladder smooth muscle relaxants." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337709.

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Almasri, Atheer. "MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR AND LENGTH ADAPTATION OF RABBIT BLADDER SMOOTH MUSCLE." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1967.

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Overactive bladder (OAB), involuntary contractions during bladder filling, is a common condition affecting 17% of the adult population worldwide, and in the U.S. ranks ahead of diabetes in a list of the 10 most common chronic disorders (Mullins 2009). Mechanical mechanisms contributing to OAB are not completely understood and because of the unique function and broad volume range of the bladder, there may be mechanical characteristics that distinguish detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) in bladder from other smooth muscles. Recent studies have shown that the length-passive tension curve in DSM exhibits adjustable passive stiffness (APS) characterized by a passive curve that can be shifted along the length axis as a function of strain history and activation history; however, the mechanical mechanisms responsible for APS remain to be determined. Also, whether DSM exhibits a dynamic length-active tension relationship, as has been identified in airway and vascular smooth muscles, has not been investigated. This dissertation focused on both the passive and active length-tension relationships in DSM and the mechanical mechanisms responsible for these relationships. The first objective was to study the impact of APS on the length-total tension relationship and identify the mechanical mechanisms responsible for generating APS. The second objective was to determine whether the length-active tension relationship is adaptive and identify specific mechanical mechanisms contributing to any adaptive behavior. The results showed that a shift in the length-passive tension curve due to APS corresponded with a shift in the length-total tension curve in DSM, and that APS was 27.0±8.4% of active tension at the optimum length for active tension generation. Most importantly, low-grade rhythmic contraction (RC), which can occur spontaneously in rabbit and human bladders, regenerated APS. Results also showed that the length-active tension curve shifted due to stretch to and then activation at long lengths, as well as either multiple KCl-induced maximal contractions or RC. Thus, DSM exhibits length adaptation, and RC may contribute to both APS and length adaptation. Because increased RC has been correlated with OAB, understanding RC, APS and length-adaptation in bladder may enable the identification of specific targets for new treatments for OAB.
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Chambers, Pauline. "Intracellular Ca'2'+ signalling in cultured detrusor smooth muscle cells." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361555.

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King, Julie Ann. "Purinergic modulation of rat and human urinary bladder smooth muscle and observations on human bladder hypertrophy." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317617.

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Woolsey, S. M. "Characterisation of currents in human urethral / bladder neck smooth muscle cells." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403437.

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Kajioka, Shunichi. "Properties and roles of ion channels in urinary bladder smooth muscle cells." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289448.

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Books on the topic "SMOOTH BLADES"

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Childs, Dara W. SSME seal test program: Test results for smooth, hole-pattern, and helically grooved stators : interim progress report. College Station, Tex: Texas A&M, Turbomachinery Laboratories, Mechanical Engineering Dept., 1987.

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Baskin, Laurence S., and Simon W. Hayward. Advances in Bladder Research. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Baskin, Laurence S., and Simon W. Hayward. Advances in Bladder Research. Springer, 2012.

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(Editor), Laurence S. Baskin, and Simon W. Hayward (Editor), eds. Advances in Bladder Research (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology). Springer, 1999.

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Daly, Donna, and Christopher Chapple. Anatomy, neurophysiology, and pharmacological control mechanisms of the bladder. Edited by Christopher R. Chapple. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0034.

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The lower urinary tract has two main functions; the collection and low pressure storage of urine and periodical controlled elimination of urine at an appropriate time. In order to achieve continence during bladder filling and storage and produce efficient and effective bladder emptying, there is accurate coordination between opening and closing of the urethral sphincters and contraction of the detrusor smooth muscle. The process of micturition has two phases: the storage/filling phase and the voiding phase. The analogy for the transition between these two phases has been described as an on-off circuit, rather akin to flicking a light switch, between synchronous bladder contraction and urethral outlet relaxation, and vice versa. These phases are regulated by a complex, integration of somatic and autonomic efferent and afferent mechanisms that coordinate the activity of the bladder and urethra. This chapter provides an overview of our current understanding of these complex mechanisms.
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Baptiste, Bala James, and Brian Ward. Race and Radio. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496822062.001.0001.

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Race and Radio: Pioneering Black Broadcasters in New Orleans explicates the emergence of blacks in broadcasting in New Orleans. The racial integration of changed the medium making it a channel for African American discourse, the music and interviews of local black musicians, and innovative black rhetoric. O.C.W. Taylor was the city's first black radio announcer. He hosted an unprecedented talk show, the “Negro Forum,” on WNOE beginning in 1946 and continuing for 22 years. Doctors, journalists, owners of funeral homes, directors of non-profits, and other professionals spoke. Clergy from various denominations discussed topics such as practical applications of Biblical stories. The guests inspired linked fate among listeners who had never heard African American voices on radio and believed they could also achieve. In 1949, listeners heard the arrival of Vernon "Dr. Daddy-O" Winslow's smooth, articulate, and disk jockey creative voice. The Fitzgerald Advertising Agency hired him to sell Jax beer to the black market using his show “Jivin’ with Jax” broadcast on WWEZ. He interviewed African American artists and played their music. After arriving from Chicago in 1953, Larry McKinley began informing blacks over WMRY of local activities of the Civil Rights Movement in the city. In 1957, he moved to WYLD which morphed into WMRY. This thick historiography situates Race and Radio within theories of racism, ideological hegemony, and marginalization, concepts explaining of why whites locked blacks out of the production and dissemination of media content.
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Book chapters on the topic "SMOOTH BLADES"

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Brading, Alison. "Physiology of Bladder Smooth Muscle." In The Physiology of the Lower Urinary Tract, 161–91. London: Springer London, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1449-9_6.

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Marani, Enrico, and Wijnand F. R. M. Koch. "Smooth Muscle Electromyography of Bladder and Uterus." In The Pelvis, 361–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40006-3_15.

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Heppner, Thomas J., Gerald M. Herrera, Adrian D. Bonev, David Hill-Eubanks, and Mark T. Nelson. "Ca2+ Sparks and KCa Channels: Novel Mechanisms to Relax Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle." In Bladder Disease, Part A, 347–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8889-8_26.

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Zderic, Stephen A., Chaoliang Gong, Mike Desanto, Joseph Hypolite, Joel Hutcheson, Alan J. Wein, and Samuel Chacko. "Calcium Ion Homeostasis in Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 155–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4737-2_12.

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Wu, Hsi-Yang, Laurence S. Baskin, Carrie Blakey, Joseph Goodman, and Gerald R. Cunha. "Ultrastructural Smooth Muscle Ontogeny of the Rat Bladder." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 93–102. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4737-2_8.

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Macarak, Edward J., Stephen Zderic, Howard M. C. Snyder, Douglas Canning, and Pamela S. Howard. "The Response of the Bladder Smooth Muscle to Increased Bladder Neck Resistance." In The Exstrophy—Epispadias Complex, 25–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3056-2_5.

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Hanai, T., S. Matsumoto, N. Ohnishi, and T. Kurita. "Serial Changes of Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypes in Rat Urinary Bladder Following Partial Outflow Obstruction." In Bladder Disease, Part A, 293–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8889-8_21.

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Stein, Raimund, ChaoLiang Gong, Joel Hutcheson, Lev Krasnopolsky, Douglas A. Canning, Michael Carr, and Stephen A. Zderic. "The Fate of Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle After Outlet Obstruction—A Role for the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum." In Bladder Disease, Part A, 773–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8889-8_48.

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Chacko, Samuel, Michael DiSanto, Chandrakala Menon, Yongmu Zheng, Joseph Hypolite, and Alan J. Wein. "Contractile Protein Changes in Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle Following Outlet Obstruction." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 137–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4737-2_11.

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Cheng, Earl Y., Robert S. Decker, and Chung Lee. "Role of Angiotensin II in Bladder Smooth Muscle Growth and Function." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 183–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4737-2_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "SMOOTH BLADES"

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Wei, Liang, Xuan Ge, Jacob George, and Paul Durbin. "Modeling Transition on Smooth and Rough Blades." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7563.

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Laminar to turbulent transition occurs in a broad range of industrial applications, and in nature. There are many mechanisms (natural or bypass) that lead to transition. Accurately predicting both the onset location and length of transition has been persistently difficult. A new, local, intermittency-function-based transition model for both low (< 1%) and high freestream turbulence intensity flows, over smooth and rough surfaces, is introduced and formulated. It is coupled with the k-ω RANS model. The intermittency model was validated on the ERCOFTAC experimental zero-pressure-gradient smooth flat plate boundary layer cases T3A-, T3A, T3B with leading-edge freestream turbulence intensity 0.9%, 3.5%, 6%, respectively. Skin friction profiles agree well with the experimental data. The model was then tested on periodic wakes, and flows over Stripf’s turbine blades with a broad range of roughnesses, from hydraulically smooth to fully rough. The predicted skin friction and heat transfer properties by the current model agree well with the published experimental and numerical data.
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Bi, Qingzhen, Hua Chen, Ding Tong, and Yaoan Lu. "A Design Method for Globally Curvature-Smooth Centrifugal Compressor Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56416.

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Blade surface curvature has an important effect on the pressure distribution over the surface as well as the quality of airfoil machining. In a previous publication [1], the authors proposed a curvature smoothing method that can generate blade sections with smooth curvature. In this earlier work, however, the spanwise smoothing was not considered. In fact, smoothing of individual blade sections often results in a blade with unsmooth curvature in the spanwise direction. In this paper, the spanwise smoothing is tackled. The implications of curvature smoothness in the spanwise direction are examined first, and the difficulty in obtaining smooth curvature in both the streamwise and spanwise directions by direct, gradient based global optimisation is described. Two methods are put forward to overcome this difficulty. The first method prescribes two analytic functions for the blade pressure and suction surfaces respectively after the streamwise smoothing. The second method implements a bi-directional global optimisation technique. Both the methods are described and their applications to a turbocharger centrifugal compressor are presented. The results show that both the streamwise and spanwise curvature smoothness can be achieved by the two methods. CFD and FEA simulations further demonstrate the benefits of the bi-directional global optimisation technique.
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Bi, Qingzhen, Hua Chen, Ding Tong, Yaoan Lu, and Xueqi Zou. "Design Method and Performance Effects of Curvature-Smooth Centrifugal Compressor Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43145.

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Blade curvature has an important effect on the pressure distribution over the blade surface as well as the quality of airfoil machining, but curvature smoothing method in design environments is little studied. A new geometry generator is developed for the design of curvature-smooth airfoils. The sections of an airfoil can be initially designed by a conventional method, and each of the sections is then regenerated by fitting a fifth order B-spline curve. The first order differential of the curvature with respect to arc length of the blade surface is used as a curvature smoothness measure. The distance between discrete points and the curve, and the integral of the square of the first derivative along the streamwise section curve are simultaneously minimized in the fitting process. The design of a transonic centrifugal compressor for turbocharger application is presented to study the effects of the curvature-smooth blade on centrifugal compressor performance. A numerical study was carried out and the results are discussed.
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Qian, Zhongdong, Jing Dong, Zhiwei Guo, Zhiyuan Wang, and Fan Wang. "Study of a Bionic Anti-Erosion Blade in a Double Suction Centrifugal Pump." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7627.

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A bionic blade with convex domes was applied in a double suction centrifugal pump to improve erosion resistance of the blade surfaces in this study. The hydraulic performance of the pump was simulated and the numerical results were in good agreement with the experiment data. The erosion rates of the smooth blade and bionic blades with convex domes at different heights (1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm ) were numerically predicted. The results showed that the pump with bionic blades had a higher head and a lower efficiency than those of the pump with smooth blades. A comparison of the erosion rates indicated that the bionic blades exhibited much better erosion resistance than the smooth surface ones. The high erosion-rate area was reduced remarkably and the erosion region became more dispersed on the whole bionic blade surface. The pressure side of the blade with 2.0 mm-height convex domes showed better anti-erosion performance than those with other two heights, while the suction side with 1.0 mm-height domes showed better anti-erosion performance.
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Heaton, Mark. "Laser machining for smooth continuous 3-D contouring for micro airflow blades." In OPTO-Ireland, edited by Werner J. Blau, David Kennedy, and John Colreavy. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.605250.

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Korakianitis, T., I. A. Hamakhan, M. A. Rezaienia, and A. P. S. Wheeler. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Prescribed Surface Curvature Distribution Blade Design (CIRCLE) Method for the Design of High Efficiency Turbines, Compressors, and Isolated Airfoils." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46722.

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The prescribed surface curvature distribution blade design (CIRCLE) method is presented for the design of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) blades for axial compressors and turbines, and isolated blades or airfoils. The original axial turbine blade design method is improved, allowing it to use any leading-edge (LE) and trailing-edge (TE) shapes, such as circles and ellipses. The method to connect these LE and TE shapes to the remaining blade surfaces with curvature and slope of curvature continuity everywhere along the streamwise blade length, while concurrently overcoming the “wiggle” problems of higher-order polynomials is presented. This allows smooth surface pressure distributions, and easy integration of the CIRCLE method in heuristic blade-optimization methods. The method is further extended to 2D and 3D compressor blades and isolated airfoil geometries providing smooth variation of key blade parameters such as inlet and outlet flow angles, stagger angle, throat diameter, LE and TE radii etc. from hub to tip. One sample 3D turbine blade geometry is presented. The efficacy of the method is examined by redesigning select blade geometries and numerically evaluating pressure-loss reduction at design and off-design conditions from the original blades: two typical 2D turbine blades; two typical 2D compressor blades; and one typical 2D isolated airfoil blade geometries are redesigned and evaluated with this method. Further extension of the method for centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller geometries is a coordinate transformation. It is concluded that the CIRCLE method is a robust tool for the design of high-efficiency turbomachinery blades.
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Kellner, Josef, Zdenek Kubin, Jan Hlous, and Lubos Prchlik. "Determination of Crack Initiation on Blade L-1 LP Steam Turbine Blades: Part 2—Computational Analyses." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46206.

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After ten years operation, one L-1 blade of steam turbine with large output power suddenly fell down. All 6 LP rotors (two machines) were checked and many cracks on L-1 blades were found. Due to economic reason, new blades were made with same geometry, but with better material in term of yield limit. Some L-1 stages were made from blades of original material, the rest was made from new material blades. Also the tip-timing measurement was installed on two L-1 stages to monitor blades. The investigation of blade cracks reason started. After one year of smooth operation there was an inspection. Surprisingly, the cracks were indicated again. The blades from new material had relatively more cracks than the original blades. This part describes some computational analyses which were done. For example, the modal analysis and forced vibration of mistuned bladed disk and of whole rotor train with attached L-1 blades, CFX and CFD calculations were done. The measurement of rotor torque, damping, Tip-Timing, experimental modal analysis of blades and rotor train and material test are presented in Part 1 – [7]. Application of both approaches (experimental and computational) rejected some hypotheses and revealed which hypotheses should be analyzed in a deeper way. The unstalled flutter has been identified as the most probable blade failures.
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Boynton, J. L., R. Tabibzadeh, and S. T. Hudson. "Investigation of Rotor Blade Roughness Effects on Turbine Performance." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-297.

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The cold air test program was completed on the SSME (Space Shuttle Main Engine) HPFTP (High Pressure Fuel Turbopump) turbine with production nozzle vane rings and polished coated rotor blades with a smooth surface finish of 30 microinch (0.76 micrometer) RMS (Root Mean Square). The smooth blades were polished by an abrasive flow machining process. The test results were compared with the air test results from production rough coated rotor blades with a surface finish of up to 400 microinch (10.16 micrometer) RMS. Turbine efficiency was higher for the smooth blades over the entire range tested. Efficiency increased 2.1 percentage points at the SSME 104 percent RPL (Rated Power Level) condition. This efficiency improvement could reduce the SSME HPFTP turbine inlet temperature by 57 degrees Rankine (32 degrees Kelvin) increasing turbine durability. The turbine flow parameter increased and the mid-span outlet swirl angle became more axial with the smooth rotor blades.
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Pashayev, A., D. Askerov, R. Sadiqov, A. Samedov, and C. Ardil. "Modeling of Gas Turbine Cooled Blades." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95012.

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In contrast to existing methods which do not take into account multiconnectivity in a broad sense of this term, we develop mathematical models and highly effective combination (BIEM and FDM) numerical methods of calculation of stationary and quasi-stationary temperature field of a profile part of a blade with convective cooling (from the point of view of realization on PC). The theoretical substantiation of these methods is proved by appropriate theorems. For it, converging quadrature processes have been developed and the estimations of errors in the terms of A.Ziqmound continuity modules have been received [6]. For visualization of profiles are used: the method of the least squares with automatic conjecture, device spline, smooth replenishment and neural nets. Boundary conditions of heat exchange are determined from the solution of the corresponding integral equations and empirical relationships. The reliability of designed methods is proved by calculation and experimental investigations heat and hydraulic characteristics of the gas turbine first stage nozzle blade.
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Gregg, Jason R., and Kenneth W. Van Treuren. "Experimental Testing of Periodic Roughness Elements on a Small Scale Wind Turbine Blade." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38863.

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When studied in large wind turbines, roughness on wind turbine blades has been shown to decrease wind turbine performance by up to 50%. However, during wind turbine testing in the Baylor University Subsonic Wind Tunnel, roughness effects that were an artifact of the blade manufacturing process led to a significant power increase over smooth blades at the design wind speed of 10 mph. These results have led to an investigation of the effects of roughness on wind turbine performance under a flow condition with local Reynolds numbers ranging from 14,200 to 58,800. It was found that under these flow conditions the roughness can improve measured power output by up to 126% when compared with a smooth blade. This paper examines the conditions where roughness can positively affect the operation of a wind turbine by testing a 500 mm diameter, horizontal axis, three blade, fixed pitch wind turbine system in a wind tunnel. The experiments have been carried out on a single direct-drive wind turbine model and a single blade design using the NREL designed S818 airfoil. The design point for the blades tested is 10 miles per hour, with a tip speed ratio of 7. Roughness can be an effective treatment when used at or near the stall speed of the wind turbine blade for lower Reynolds number conditions. The roughness elements tested were both perpendicular to and along the flow lines. These blades were then compared to a blade configuration without roughness elements.
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Reports on the topic "SMOOTH BLADES"

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Ding, Yan, Q. Chen, Ling Zhu, Julie Rosati, and Bradley Johnson. Implementation of flexible vegetation into CSHORE for modeling wave attenuation. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43220.

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This technical report presents the new numerical modeling capabilities for simulating wave attenuation and mean water level changes through flexible vegetation such as smooth cordgrass in coastal and marine wetlands. These capabilities were implemented into the Cross-SHORE (CSHORE) numerical model. The biomechanical properties of vegetation such as dimensions, flexibility, and bending strength are parameterized in terms of the scaling law. Correspondingly, a new formulation of the vegetation drag coefficient, CD, is developed using field data from a salt marsh in Terrebonne Bay, LA, by considering spatially varying effective stem and blade heights of species. This report also presents a general procedure for using the model to simulate hydrodynamic variables (i.e., waves, currents, mean water levels) at vegetated coasts, which are used to quantify the effects of wave attenuation and reduction of surge and runup due to vegetation. Preliminary model validation was conducted by simulating a set of laboratory experiments on synthetic vegetation, which mimicked the flexibility of Spartina alterniflora. The validation results indicate that the newly developed vegetation capabilities enable CSHORE to predict changes of wave heights and water levels through marshes by considering species-specific biomechanical features. The model is also applicable to assess vegetation effectiveness against waves and surges.
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Olsson, Olle. Industrial decarbonization done right: identifying success factors for well-functioning permitting processes. Stockholm Environment Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.034.

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1 Introduction 1.1 The urgency of industrial decarbonization The last few years have seen several of the world’s largest carbon dioxide-emitting countries and leading heavy industry companies committing to mid-century net-zero targets (Buckley 2021; Denyer and Kashiwagi 2020; McCurry 2020; Myers 2020). Consequently, the discussion on economy-wide transition to net-zero is accelerating, with focus shifting from “if” to “when” and “how”, even for heavy industry sectors like steel, cement and chemicals. This makes it increasingly urgent to analyse not just whether it is technologically feasible to decarbonize heavy industry, but also investigate issues more directly related to practical implementation. This includes site-specific planning, infrastructure availability, and consultation with local authorities and other stakeholders. Many of the latter considerations are formalized as part of the permitting processes that are an essential vehicle to ensure that industrial interests are balanced against interests of society at large. However, doing this balancing act can turn out to be very complicated and associated with uncertainties as to their outcome, as well as being demanding in resources and time. At the same time, to ensure broad buy-in and support from society, the investments needed must be implemented in a way that takes a broad spectrum of sustainability concerns into account, not just climate change mitigation. A key question is if and how permitting processes can run more smoothly and efficiently while still ensuring inclusive consultations, fair procedures and adherence to legal certainty. This policy brief discusses this question from the starting point of Swedish conditions, but many of the points raised will be relevant for a broader international discussion on taking industrial decarbonization to implementation. 1.2 Industrial transition and permitting processes in Sweden Decarbonization of the industrial sector in Sweden essentially entails a relatively small number of investment projects in the cement, steel, petrochemical and refinery sectors, where the vast majority of carbon emissions are concentrated (Karltorp et al. 2019; Nykvist et al. 2020). However, while few in number, the size of these investments means that their implementation will by necessity become relevant to many other parts of society. In connection with the increasing focus on how to implement industrial decarbonization in Sweden, discussions about permitting processes have been brought higher up on the agenda. While there has been an active discussion on permitting processes in Sweden for quite some time, it has primarily been focused on aspects related to mining and wind power (Larsen et al. 2017; Raitio et al. 2020). The last few years have, however, focused increasingly on industrial projects, in particular related to a proposed – though eventually cancelled – expansion of an oil refinery in the southwestern part of the country (Blad 2020). In terms of political discussions, both the governmental initiative Fossil-free Sweden (2020) and the Swedish Climate Policy Council (2020) emphasize that permitting processes need to become faster in order for Sweden’s industrial transition to be implemented in line with the time plan set by the 2017 Swedish Climate Act. Business representatives and organizations are also voicing concerns about the slow speed of permitting (Balanskommissionen 2019; Jacke 2018). At the same time, criticism has been raised that much of the environmental damage done in Sweden comes from activities conducted within limits set by environmental permits, which could be a flaw in the system (Malmaeus and Lindblom 2019). Finally, recent public inquiries have also discussed permitting processes.
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