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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Smoking cigarette'

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Published: 24 April 2022

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1

Peacock, Janet Lesley. "Birthweight and cigarette smoking." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434249.

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Recent research has shown an association between smoking in pregnancy and low birthweight. Many authors have concluded that the relationship is causal but some have argued that it is the smoker rather than the smoke which is responsible. This thesis examines the relationship between the smoking habit in pregnancy and birthweight corrected for gestational age using data from the St. George's Hospital Birthweight Study. Adjustment is made for confounding factors so that the effect of smoking can be estimated. The statistical problem of adjusting birthweight for gestational age when very early births are included is discussed and a solution presented in the form of a birthweight ratio. The relationship is examined between birthweight ratio and many socioeconomic and psychological factors and shows that few are associated with reduced birthweight. Those associations which are observed can be explained by smoking. Alcohol and caffeine are only related to birthweight in smokers. When the smoking habit is analysed in terms of quantity and constituents, a threshold is observed whereby women smoking a low number of low yield cigarettes have mean birthweight similar to non-smokers. For women smoking higher numbers of cigarettes but a low yield brand mean birthweight is reduced by the same amount (6% or more) as women smoking high yield brands. The effect on birthweight of alcohol and caffeine in smokers only is adjusted for smoking by using this threshold. This shows that smoking, alcohol and caffeine are all associated with reduced birthweight. For alcohol and caffeine consumption this relationship is strongest in early pregnancy and weakest near delivery. The association between smoking and birthweight is not explained by any of the wide range of confounding factors examined. This provides evidence that the relationship is a causal one.

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2

Hutchinson, David. "Cigarette smoking and rheumatoid arthritis." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29431.

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The principle aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that heavy smoking is an aetiological factor in RA and generates a distinct subgroup of the disease definable in terms of clinical phenotype, particularly severity. A second aim was to investigate possible molecule mechanisms linking smoking with RA and what I believe to be candidate mechanisms involving the detoxifying glutathione S transferase Mu 1 (GST M1) gene and oxidative damage to alpha 1 proteinase (alpha1 PI). These studies involved a review of the literatures regarding the link between RA and both smoking and alpha1 PI deficiency. I investigated the relationship between heavy cigarette smoking and hospital based, more severely affected RA patients. Additionally, the age of onset and smoking history was compared in familial and sporadic RA cases. Regarding smoking and severity of RA, a cohort of RA patients were studied to determine if smoking was an independent risk factor for severe RA and whether this effect was influenced by the presence (GSTM1-1) or absence (GSTM1-0) of the GST M1 gene. Oxidative damage in RA to the alpha1 PI protein was studied in relation to rheumatoid disease activity, GST M1 and cigarette smoking. The oxidative damage to alpha1 PI was measured in terms of serum levels of Immunoglobulin A-1 PI was measured in terms of serum levels of Immunoglobulin A-alpha1 PI (IgA-alpha1 PI). In summary, I have shown that heavy smoking is strongly associated with hospital based RA. Secondly, that familial RA presents at an earlier age than sporadic RA in individuals smoking at disease onset only, and that sporadic RA patients are significantly more likely to smoke at disease onset that familial RA patients. I have confirmed previous findings that raised serum IgA-alpha1 PI levels are associated with erosive as opposed to non-erosive RA cases.

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3

Scheitrum, Raquel. "Smoking passive addiction or active coping? /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1999. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2778. Typescript. Abstract included as two unpaged leaves at back of volume. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 30-35).

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4

Ho, Sai-yin Daniel. "Mortality attributable to smoking in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20720907.

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5

Pilon, Mandy J. "Effects of caffeine on cigarette smoking /." View abstract, 1999. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1572.html.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1999.
Thesis advisor: Carol Shaw Austad. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts [in Psychology]." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 17-18).

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6

Tam, Kam Chuen. "Adolescent cigarette smoking and social marketing." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1996. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/57.

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7

Virgili, Mario. "Adolescent cigarette smoking and perception of risk /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09S.B/09s.bv816.pdf.

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8

Robertson, Nicolette. "Use of incentives to treat cigarette smoking." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1848.

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The use of contingency management, specifically with incentives, has been found to be an effective treatment for smoking abstinence (Higgins et al., 2014). Incentive-based treatments have a success rate of 30-45% with smoking cessation, therefore, there is room for improvement (Businelle et al., 2014). The purpose of the present study is to test the effectiveness of financial incentives combined with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to treat college cigarette smokers. Two college smokers received the incentive-based treatment and the supplementary ACT sessions over a 4 week period. The participants provided a carbon monoxide (CO) biomarker each weekday and self-reported the number of cigarettes smoked every day throughout the study. The monetary incentive for abstaining from smoking started at $5.00 and increased by $1.00 for each day of abstinence. The target behavior was the number of days a participant was abstinent from smoking, indicated with a CO of less than 3 ppm. One participant’s smoking rate decreased throughout treatment and the second participant's smoking rate did not decrease. The results of the study revealed that the use of monetary incentives had an effect on smoking abstinence in college cigarette smokers and the addition of ACT appeared to increase the effectiveness by a small amount. Keywords: incentive-based treatment, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, smoking cessation

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9

Gyamerah, Jacquelyn. "Adolescent cigarette smoking and social learning theory /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487929745335807.

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10

Evans, David. "E-cigarette Smoking Trends and the Emergence of New Exclusive E-cigarette Smokers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1563525779611146.

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11

Field, Matthew J. "Smoking expectancy and physiological, subjective and attentional responses to cues associated with smoking." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343371.

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12

Ali, Sarvath. "Electronic cigarettes smoking among youth, its trend and factors associated." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1490354340016325.

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13

Miles, Stephanie. "A smokin' good ad how efficacy and emotional tone interact in anti-smoking messages /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5683.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 8, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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14

Nguyen, Quyen B. "Two groups of occasional smokers different pathways with the same outcome /." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3403097.

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15

Hammond, David. "Human smoking behaviour, cigarette testing protocols, and constituent yields." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/737.

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The issue of how to test and ultimately regulate tobacco products represents a critical challenge for the public health community. Although the current international testing regime for conventional cigarettes is widely acknowledged to be seriously flawed, there is a lack of data to guide potential alternatives, particularly in the area of human puffing behaviour. The current study sought to: 1) collect naturalistic measures of smoking behaviour, 2) examine the extent to which levels of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide from each of five testing protocols were associated with measures of nicotine uptake among smokers, and 3) examine the validity of self-report measures of smoking behaviour. These questions were examined through two different studies. First, a field study of smoking behaviour was conducted with 59 adult smokers, who used a portable device to measure smoking topography over the course of 3 one-week trials. Participants were asked to smoke their usual ?regular-yield? brand through the device for Trial 1 and again, 6 weeks later, at Trial 2. Half the subjects were then randomly assigned to smoke a ?low-yield? brand for Trial 3. The smoke intake and constituent yield of each brand was then tested under five testing protocols: ISO, Massachusetts, Canadian, a Compensatory protocol, and a Human Mimic regime. Participants also completed self-report measures of puffing behaviour at recruitment and immediately following each of the three one-week smoking trials. Several of these self-report measures were subsequently included in the Waves 2 and 3 of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) Survey?an international cohort survey of adult smokers from Canada, Australia, the US, and the UK.

The results of the field study indicate a high degree of stability in puffing behaviour within the same smoker over time, but considerable variability between smokers, including those smoking the same brand. Puffing behaviour was strongly associated with cotinine levels, particularly when included in an interaction term with cigarettes per day (Part r = . 50, p<. 001). Smokers who were switched to a ?low-yield? cigarette increased their total smoke intake per cigarette by 40% (p=. 007), with no significant change in their in salivary cotinine levels.

The results indicate systematic differences between human puffing behaviour and the puffing regimes used by machine testing protocols. The puffing behaviour observed among participants during the one-week smoking trials was significantly more intense than the puffing parameters of the ISO and Compensatory testing regimes. When cigarette brands were machine tested using participants? actual puffing behaviour, the results suggest that participants ingested two to four times the level of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide indicated by the ISO regime, and twice the amounts generated by the Compensatory regime for ?regular-yield? brands. The Canadian and Massachusetts regimes produced yields much closer to the ?Human Mimic? yields, although nowhere near a maximum or intense standard, as they were designed to do. Only the nicotine yields from the Human Mimic regime were correlated with measures of nicotine uptake among smokers, and only moderately so (Part r = . 31, p=. 02).

Self-report measures of puffing behaviour collected during the field study were moderately correlated with physiological measures of puffing and exposure. Self-report measures of puff depth and puff number showed some promise as predictors of salivary cotinine, although the results are characterized by inconsistencies across models. The self-report measures included in the ITC survey were only weakly associated with age and cigarettes per day, with modest between-country differences.

Overall, this research highlights the importance of puffing behaviour as a determinant of smoke exposure, and provides strong evidence of compensatory smoking for ?low-yield? brands. The findings also highlight the variability in human smoking behaviour and the limitations associated with machine testing protocols. Perhaps most important, the findings underscore the immediate need to revise the ISO protocol, which systematically underestimates smoking behaviour among humans and exaggerates differences between cigarette brands.

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16

Yang, Malissa. "Dimensions of ethnicity as predictors of adolescent cigarette smoking." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/MQ40728.pdf.

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17

Eliot, Rosemary Elizabeth. ""Destructive but sweet" : cigarette smoking among women 1890-1990." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1091/.

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Despite the vast literature surrounding tobacco use, there is little work looking at the question of smoking among women in a historical context. The work which has been done on women and smoking has largely looked at the issue from a sociological viewpoint. In addressing this gap, I have drawn from both disciplines to explore the history of smoking among women from 1890 until the end of the 20th century and to historicise existing sociological literature on women and smoking. I have aimed to integrate women into the history of tobacco more generally and to explore women’s own interpretations of smoking in the past. In doing so, I have focused on the relationship between smoking among women and the socio-cultural position of smoking in Britain from the 19th century until the end of the 20th. I have also explored the relationship between smoking and the changing social position of women. Drawing on archival material from a variety of sources and interviews with epidemiologists and health professionals, I have shown the changing, often ambiguous, public discourses surrounding smoking from the late 19th century until the end of the twentieth. I have also shown, through oral history interviews with women aged between 40 and 85, how these discourses have shaped individual women’s interpretations of smoking in their lives and the personal experiences of smoking which they recollect. What I found is that the social meaning of smoking has undergone a series of redefinitions over this period. The advent of the cigarette in the 1880s and its subsequent popularity in the decades following was crucial to this. From having been a recreational pastime, suited to certain times and occasions, in the nineteenth century, smoking permeated every aspect of public and private life for most of the twentieth. The First World War was pivotal in this expansion, as smoking, particularly cigarette smoking, was defined as a necessity to men’s lives, both at the Front and at home. Its increasing prevalence in the interwar period and the priority accorded to tobacco supplies during and immediately after the Second World War served to reinforce the idea that smoking was integral to every day life.

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18

Leung, Mei-hung, and 梁美紅. "The effectiveness of cigarette tax increase on smoking cessation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46938941.

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19

Larson, Sharon R. "Factors influencing college seniors' intentions to quit cigarette smoking /." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1879014071&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2009.
"Department of Health Education and Recreation." Keywords: College, Intentions, Smoking cessation, Theory of planned behavior. Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-128). Also available online.

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20

Preber, Hans. "Cigarette smoking and periodontal disease clinical and therapeutic aspects /." Stockholm : Dept. of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, 1986. http://books.google.com/books?id=4ulpAAAAMAAJ.

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21

Steffens, Camila. "Cigarette consumers behavior: effects of smoking bans in Brazil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-23112018-172158/.

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Approximately 135,000 Brazilians die from smoking-related diseases every year (ERIKSEN et al., 2015). Due to the relevance of smoking as a public health problem, some states and municipalities implemented restrictive smoke-free environments from 2008 onwards. The national regulation became effective only in 2014. In this paper we explore the regional differences in the adoption of this policy to evaluate its impacts on cigarette consumption in Brazil. We propose a difference-in-differences approach to estimate the effects throughout the years on the smoking behavior of two age groups: adults and youths. We also estimate the impacts according to different levels of enforcement among states. We have built our panel using micro data from the National Health Research, collected by the Brazilian Bureau of Statistics (IBGE) in 2013. Our results indicate that smoking bans reduced daily cigarette consumption among young individuals in 7% on average, by reducing smoking initiation. This impact increases to 10% when considering higher enforced smoking bans and vanishes when the law is not enforced. In absolute values, it represents from 64 to 80 thousand less smokers among young individuals in the treated capitals. No impacts were found on smoking initiation and on smoking prevalence among adults, but high enforced smoking bans are related to 1.2% smoking cessation rate. Robustness tests show that the results are consistent. Our paper contributes to the literature providing evidences to developing countries on the effects of tobacco control policies
Aproximadamente 135.000 brasileiros morrem por doenças relacionadas ao tabagismo anualmente (ERIKSEN et al., 2015). Devido à relevância do tabagismo como um problema de saúde, alguns estados e municípios adotaram áreas totalmente livres de fumo a partir de 2008. A legislação nacional passou a vigorar apenas a partir de dezembro de 2014. Nesse estudo, exploramos a variação regional da adoção dessa política para avaliar seus impactos no consumo de cigarro no Brasil. Para tanto, adotamos uma abordagem de diferenças-em-diferenças para estimar os efeitos ao longo dos anos de introdução das leis no comportamento de fumantes em dois grupos etários: adultos e jovens. Os impactos também foram estimados considerando diferentes níveis de aplicação das leis entre os estados. Construímos um painel utilizando micro dados da Pesquisa Nacional da Saúde (PNS), coletada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) em 2013. Os resultados indicam que a criação de áreas livres de fumo reduziu, na média, em 7% o consumo de cigarro entre jovens, e isso ocorreu através do desincentivo à iniciação ao tabagismo. Esse impacto aumenta para 10% quando consideramos leis efetivamente aplicadas e desaparecem quando a aplicação é baixa. Em valores absolutos, esse efeito representa de 64 mil a 80 mil menos fumantes entre jovens nas capitais tratadas. Não foram encontrados efeitos em iniciação ao tabagismo e em consumo de cigarro entre adultos, mas leis fortemente aplicadas estão relacionadas a uma taxa de cessação do fumo de 1,2%. Testes de robustez mostram que os resultados são consistentes. Esse estudo contribui para a literatura sobre os efeitos das políticas de controle do tabagismo ao apresentar evidências para países em desenvolvimento

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22

Larson, Sharon Rae. "Factors Influencing College Seniors' Intentions To Quit Cigarette Smoking." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/35.

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Although the adverse health effects of cigarette smoking are well known, many college students continue to initiate and maintain cigarette smoking. While some college students are making quit attempts, they have limited success. Past research has identified graduation as one life event around which college students plan to quit smoking. Therefore, the college senior may be at a reachable moment related to cessation interventions. It was one purpose of the present study to examine whether attitudes, self-efficacy, and subjective norms might influence a college senior's intention to quit smoking at graduation. Past research has also identified friends and peers as an influencing factor related to initiation and maintenance of student smoking. A second purpose was to examine the influence of peer group norms and strength of group identification on intentions to quit smoking among college seniors. The theory of planned behavior provided the theoretical framework for the study. Using a nonexperimental cross sectional design, data were collected from 573 undergraduate college seniors via a web-based survey. Sixty three percent of the respondents were female and thirty seven percent were male. Of respondents, 26.5% (n= 152) reported being current smokers (had smoked at least one cigarette in the last thirty days) and of the current smokers, 48.7% (n=74) were daily and 51.3% (n=78) were occasional smokers. Independent sample t–tests revealed that, although the original hypothesis (daily smokers would have more positive intentions toward quitting than nondaily smokers) was not supported, nondaily smokers did have more positive intentions to quit smoking than daily smokers. When intentions were examined by sex, no statistical difference was found between males and females in intentions to quit smoking at graduation. Multiple regression revealed that the attitude a smoker holds about quitting was the strongest predictor of quitting intentions, followed by the confidence in one's ability to quit (self-efficacy). The importance of the beliefs held by important others (subjective norms) about quitting was also predictive of intentions to quit, but to a lesser extent than attitudes and self-efficacy. Respondents chose a “most important peer group” (i.e. people I live with, other students in my major), which they used to answer survey questions related to peer group norms and strength of group identification. When group norms and strength of group identification variables were entered into multiple regression, the effects of group norms and group identification were not significant predictors. Strength of group identification was not found to be a moderating variable for group norms when predicting intentions to quit cigarette smoking. The present study used two concepts (subjective norms and group norms) to examine social influence on behavioral intentions. Future studies will be useful in establishing how social influences can best be conceptualized.

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23

Reisi, Ayddin Grandjean Peter W. "Short-term changes in health status after cigarette smoking and moderate-intensity exercise." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/REISI_AYDDIN_16.pdf.

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24

Tatarkiewicz, Iwona A. "Factors influencing the effectiveness of smoking cessation messages /." Halifax, N.S. : Saint Mary's University, 2009.

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25

McNeill, Ann. "The development of dependence in adolescent smokers." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262098.

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26

Avallone, Kimberly M. "The Effect of Asthma on Smoking Behavior and Smoking-Related Cognitive Processes among Adult Smokers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1313685556.

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27

Taylor, Thomas J. "A tobacco consumption diary to assess the factors associated with smoking in a light smoking college population." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Franklin, Wanda J. "Spiritual Well Being, Stress, and Coping in Never Smoking, Ex-smoking, and Current Smoking African American Women." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1209392807.

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29

Richardson, Alison E. "Exploring the relation between cigarette smoking and alcohol hangover frequency." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4892.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 5, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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Chittleborough, Catherine. "Smoking and cigarette purchasing practices of South Australian school students /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09HS/09hsc543.pdf.

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31

Fidler, Jennifer Anne. "The pattern, correlates, and predictors of cigarette smoking in adolescence." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444452/.

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The health effects of smoking are well known and, despite efforts to reduce smoking in adolescence, prevalence of smoking during the teenage years in the UK has remained stable over recent years. This thesis examines smoking uptake during adolescence and identifies the social, psychological and physical factors associated with this process using data from the longitudinal Health And Behaviour In Teenagers study (HABITS). Between 1999 and 2003 over 5000 students from South London were assessed annually from age 11 to age 16. Self-report questionnaires identified smoking status as well as a range of demographic, social and psychological variables. Objective height, waist and weight data were taken and saliva samples provided for cotinine assay. First, analyses examining smoking prevalence and the sociodemographic factors associated with smoking behaviour were conducted. Gender and ethnicity differences were observed, although the association between smoking and deprivation was less clear. The development of smoking behaviour among an understudied group, 'one time triers' of cigarettes, was tracked, revealing that even brief experimentation with cigarettes leads to a lasting vulnerability for later smoking. Second, social factors associated with smoking were examined and the association between smoking by friends, parents and step-parents and adolescent smoking documented. An independent relationship between early dating and later smoking was also revealed. Third, psychological factors associated with adolescent smoking were identified, and the lack of a prospective relationship between attitudes towards smoking and smoking behaviour was confirmed. Fourth, significantly smaller increases over time in BMI and waist, but not height, were observed among smokers compared with non-smokers. Finally, a population level model of the vulnerability and trigger factors associated with smoking, based on an individual level theory of motivation, was constructed. The findings presented extend current literature on adolescent smoking and have implications for effective prevention strategies.

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32

Dillenburg, Paul. "Effectiveness of NICoteeen Program to influence adolescent cigarette smoking behaviors." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001dillenburgp.pdf.

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33

Emmeree, Jane F. "Social factors of cigarette smoking initiation among undergraduate college students." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0001229.

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34

Abdelghany, Tamer Mohamed Ibrahim. "Cigarette Smoking-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1367438410.

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35

Douglas, Jenny. "African-Caribbean young women in the UK and cigarette smoking." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7428/.

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Cigarette smoking among African-Caribbean young women has been under- researched. This thesis investigates the reported patterns of and influences on cigarette smoking among young African-Caribbean women aged 14 to 16 years old in urban Britain. The study uses a multi-method, interdisciplinary research design which combines approaches from women’s studies and sociology of health to explore how ‘race’, class and gender influence cigarette smoking. A black feminist framework was adopted drawing on intersectionality theory. First, data on reported patterns and influences on smoking behaviour for 700 young people were collected using a self-completion questionnaire in schools in a city in the West Midlands to compare the influence of gender, ethnicity and social class on cigarette smoking behaviour and perceptions of cigarette smoking in a cross- section of young black and white people. Second, seven focus groups were conducted with first- and second-generation young African-Caribbean women to collect in-depth qualitative data on reported factors that influence smoking behaviour and the meanings that cigarette smoking has for this group. This research contributes to developing understanding of cigarette smoking in young African-Caribbean women in the UK; it widens and deepens existing work, adding a perspective that includes the dimensions of ‘race’ and ethnicity. Literature on gender and smoking exploring working-class identity exists but not an exploration of gender, ethnicity and class and how this is expressed through smoking behaviour. My findings contribute new knowledge to understanding young people’s smoking behaviour: whilst the African-Caribbean young women in this sample were more disadvantaged than their white female peers, they were less likely to smoke. Caribbean culture, family life and religion were central to their lives and to a large extent protected many young women from cigarette smoking. As such this research demonstrates findings based on predominantly one ethno-cultural group do not necessarily translate to other groups, even if they live under similar material conditions.

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Deng, Hanbing. "Cigarette smoking and diabetes mellitus : a case-control study in Guangdong China /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b39724098.

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Ho, Sai-yin Daniel, and 何世賢. "Mortality attributable to smoking in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29893276.

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Ahijevych, Karen Miller. "Cigarette smoking behavior among African American women and feasibility of a low intensity smoking cessation intervention." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1248984359.

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Church, E. Robert. "Smoking behaviour : determinants of puffing parameters, and behavioural and electrocortical correlates." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330168.

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Oladele, PO, TO Asaolu, AL Toriola, S. Arogbonlo, and VK Moselakgomo. "Perceptions of Nigerian university students about the influence of cigarette advertisement on smoking habit: A quantitative analysis." African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001021.

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This study evaluated the perceived impact of cigarette advertisement on smoking habit among students in selected Nigerian universities. It also investigated the influences of age and significant others on the students’ smoking habit as well as the relationship between cigarette advertisement and rate of smoking. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. The sample consisted of 566 smokers (503 males and 63 females) selected from among students of six universities in southwest Nigeria. Data obtained were subjected to both descriptive and inferential analyses using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Simple regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t- test were used to examine five hypotheses formulated for the study. The study showed a significant impact relationship between cigarette advertisement and motives for smoking ( =0.279; t =. 6.179; p< 0.001) and also between smokers’ perception of the health hazards associated with cigarette smoking and rate of smoking (t (514) = 4.469, p< 0.001). Smokers’ age and influence of significant others had substantial impact on their motive for smoking ( = 0.348; t = 5.99; p< 0.001; F(4,463) = 2.642; p<0.05). There was however, no significant relationship between cigarette advertisement and rate of smoking ( = 0.026; t= 0.581; p>0.562). The study concluded that cigarette advertisement had significant impact on cigarette smoking habit among students in Nigerian universities. The findings are discussed in the light of its implications for designing smoking intervention programmes targeted at youths.

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Oladele, PO, TO Asaolu, AL Toriola, DO Elumilade, and VK Moselakgomo. "Commercial advertisement and cigarette smoking: A qualitative analysis of perceptions of students in selected Nigerian Universities." African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance (AJPHERD), 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001033.

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This study evaluated the perceptions of Nigerian university students concerning the influence of cigarette advertisement on their smoking habit. It also assessed the influences of smokers’ age and significant others on their smoking habits. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and focus group discussion (FGD) technique from 566 smokers (503 males and 63 females) selected from among students of six universities in south- western Nigeria. Information obtained from the FGD was analysed qualitatively and presented in this study. Specifically, responses from the FGD was analysed based on the following: History of student’s smoking habit, perceived smoking benefits, health hazards of smoking, advertisement and smoking, roles of families, friends and peers in preventing or promoting smoking habit and attitudes of smokers towards anti-smoking regulations in the country. The study concluded that cigarette advertisement had substantial influence on smoking habit among students in the Nigerian universities. Implications of the findings for designing smoking intervention programmes targeted at the youth are discussed.

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Toriola, AL, PO Oladele, TO Asolu, DO Elumilade, and VK Moselakgomo. "Commercial advertisement and cigarette smoking: A qualitative analysis of perceptions of students in selected Nigerian universities." African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance (AJPHERD), 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001718.

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ABSTRACT This study evaluated the perceptions of Nigerian university students concerning the influence of cigarette advertisement on their smoking habit. It also assessed the influences of smokers’ age and significant others on their smoking habits. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and focus group discussion (FGD) technique from 566 smokers (503 males and 63 females) selected from among students of six universities in south- western Nigeria. Information obtained from the FGD was analysed qualitatively and presented in this study. Specifically, responses from the FGD was analysed based on the following: History of student’s smoking habit, perceived smoking benefits, health hazards of smoking, advertisement and smoking, roles of families, friends and peers in preventing or promoting smoking habit and attitudes of smokers towards anti-smoking regulations in the country. The study concluded that cigarette advertisement had substantial influence on smoking habit among students in the Nigerian universities. Implications of the findings for designing smoking intervention programmes targeted at the youth are discussed.

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Penn, Gemma Louise. "Medicalization and representations of smoking in public discourse and images." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1503/.

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An approach to smoking through an analysis of its representations, grounded in the medicalization literature, highlights the inadequacies of a narrow medical perspective and some of its negative implications. This does not require that we abandon the medical discourse, but stresses the importance of setting it in a wider representational context. Drawing on the work of Saussure, Barthes, Eco and Foucault, the author constructs a theory of interaction amongst representations suited to both discourse and images. To investigate the medicalization of smoking, four empirical studies are reported which include quantitative and qualitative approaches to press reporting at both macro-and micro-levels, cigarette advertising and packaging. There have been medical representations of smoking since the introduction of tobacco into Britain. However, a thematic analysis of tobacco-related reporting in the Times newspaper (1946-1995) found that these representations have expanded and diversified, becoming increasingly linked to other representations (e.g. financial) and generating new themes (e.g. discrimination, litigation). Medical representations, however, are contested and subject to subversion by alternative representations, including libertarian and alternative medical constructions of smoking. These processes are investigated in a detailed structural and rhetorical analysis of a contemporary newspaper article, together with related correspondence and cartoons. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of 754 UK cigarette advertisements from four national newspapers (1946-1995) identified an increase in medical and packaging-related representations of smoking and a decrease in financial representations, representations of the act of smoking and of cigarettes as social currency. The final, questionnaire, study (with 60 participants) found, among other things, a clear and consensually-held system of health-related signification in contemporary UK cigarette packaging in ratings of packets. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the implications of medicalization for smoking-related policy and for the smoker, and of smoking for the medicalization literature.

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Gabino, Pedro R. "Phenomenological Inquiry on Cigarette Smoking in Adults With Serious Mental Illness." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/376.

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Cigarette smoking in adults with serious mental illness (SMI) has increased even when accounting for a decrease of smoking among the general population. Most of the research has focused on the prevalence, rates, and effects of smoking in adults with SMI. Little research has examined the motivations for smoking and experiences with smoking cessation among adults with SMI. Such an understanding may facilitate a reduction in smoking in this population. To address this gap in the literature, 12 adults with SMI who live in the southern Nevada area and smoke were selected through invitations distributed at a treatment facility and the use of the snowball technique. Interviews were designed to elicit these adults' views and experiences of smoking and smoking cessation. The health belief model provided the conceptual framework for this phenomenological study. Interview data were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed with emergent codes and themes. Three major themes emerged from participant stories: perceived benefits to cigarette smoking, problems related to smoking cessation, and risks related to cigarette smoking. Results indicated that participants found a sense of relaxation and means of socialization while smoking. Despite attempts to quit smoking, participants struggled with the withdrawals of nicotine which led to continuous smoking despite the negative consequences of smoking on their quality of life. This study contributes to positive social change by revealing the voices of adults with SMI, which helps illuminate a more holistic approach to treatment. Study findings may contribute in the development and implementation of smoking cessation programs for this specific population.

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Hutter, Stuart. "Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for asthma : NHANES 1999-2002 /." Also available to VCU users at:, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1231.

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Malpass, Debra. "The role of depressive symptoms in the maintenance of cigarette smoking." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420418.

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Snively, Therese A. "Cigarette smoking, mood states and the effect of the menstrual cycle /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488187763844888.

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Hutter, Stuart Rodes. "Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for asthma: NHANES 1999-2002." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/106.

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Introduction: Asthma is a common debilitating disease of the airways that afflicts an estimated 300 million worldwide, causing reduction in physical activity, lost school/work days, and even death. There are many known and suspected risk factors of asthma; however, there is much controversy over prior and current cigarette smoking. Approximately 25% of the United States population currently smokes, with a quarter of these being asthma patients. Another 22 to 43 percent of asthmatics are ex-smokers. Objectives: (1) To estimate the prevalence for lifetime asthma in the adult US population; (2) to determine prevalence odds ratios (POR) of lifetime asthma based on questionnaire (smoking status, tobacco consumption) after adjustment of potential confounding variables; (3) to determine POR of lifetime asthma based on laboratory values (serum cotinine); and (4) to assess the validity of self-reported measures (smoking status and tobacco consumption) using serum cotinine as the gold standard.Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002 is a proportional cross-sectional sample that uses weights to be representative. Crude odds ratios were obtained through univariate analysis; multiple logistic regression analysis was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios of asthma. Interactions for age, gender, and race/ethnicity were explored. Validity measures included sensitivity and specificity tests for self-reported smoking and non-parametric correlation of tobacco consumption with serum cotinine levels.Results: The overall prevalence of lifetime asthma among n=10,252 adults was 11.56% (95%CI 10.45-12.66). Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity due to significant interaction. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and family history of asthma, ex-smoking non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and other races had odds ratios of 1.57 (95%CI 1.26-1.97), 1.52 (95%CI 1.01-2.27), and 1.97 (95%CI 1.01-3.83), respectively, relative to never smokers within their respective race/ethnic groups. Sample persons with a family history of asthma and increasing body mass index were significant predictors for lifetime asthma among all race/ethnic groups. Based on laboratory values, non-Hispanic White respondents with serum cotinine levels of 0.011 to Discussion: Self-reported smoking and tobacco consumption are valid measures of tobacco use. The present study found no significant relationship between current smoking and lifetime asthma. Despite the limited findings, asthmatic smokers make up a distinct, difficult-to-treat subgroup for which future treatment research should address.

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Yokoyama, Naoto. "Additive Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Gray Matter Abnormalities in Schizophrenia." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/231006.

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Mitsuhashi-Acs, Yuki J. "Personality Factor Correlates of Smoking Cessation Efficacy Among Electronic Cigarette Users." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10126388.

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Increasingly, e-cigarettes are being used and claimed to be an effective means of smoking cessation. Clinical studies have been limited to the aspects of use pertaining to chemical dependence, yet little addiction research has examined the psychology of smoking cessation behavior utilizing e-cigarettes. Health behaviors, such as harm reduction in smoking through the use of nicotine replacement therapies, have been previously studied and several dispositional traits have been found to be highly related to these behaviors. These personality factors include Neuroticism and Conscientiousness, Self-Efficacy, Grit, and Hardiness. The present study aimed to determine psychological traits related to successful smoking cessation utilizing e-cigarettes using measures of NEO-FFI-3, GSE, DRS-II, and Grit-S. Results indicated that Self-Efficacy was a noteworthy factor associated with cessation with 6 months or more of e-cigarette use. A majority of the study participants did not concurrently smoke and use e-cigarettes. These findings support the potential of e-cigarettes as a replacement therapy and provide some insight into formulating interventions toward this end; however, smoking cessation attempts appeared to be inhibited from full success as a result of the efficacy of the replacement.

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