Journal articles on the topic 'Smoking cessation Australia'
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Pilkington, Albert (Sonny) A. G., Owen B. J. Carter, Alexander S. Cameron, and Sandra C. Thompson. "Tobacco control practices among Aboriginal health professionals in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 15, no. 2 (2009): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py08066.
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Smoking among Aboriginal people is extremely widespread (50 v. 17% of the general population). Aboriginal Health Workers (AHW) are at the vanguard of tackling this problem but many themselves smoke and little is known of their knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding smoking cessation. Structured telephone interviews were conducted with 36 AHW, including 31% current smokers, 31% ex-smokers and 38% non-smokers, to assess their current smoking cessation practices and knowledge of health risks, nicotine dependence, cessation strategies and pharmacotherapies. AHW considered diabetes, alcohol use and heart disease more problematic than smoking among Aboriginal people. Fear of appearing hypocritical stopped many who smoke from discussing smoking cessation with clients but also stopped some non-smoking AHW whose colleagues or family smoked. Cultural concerns about telling others ‘what to do’ was also a major impediment. Knowledge of the health effects of smoking was good, but knowledge of appropriate advice around cessation pharmacotherapies was suboptimal. AHW trained in smoking cessation were more knowledgeable and active in smoking cessation, but most AHW had received no training, despite being keen to do so. Specific smoking cessation training is sought and appears needed by AHW, particularly in the areas of brief interventions, motivational interviewing, dependence assessment and pharmacotherapies.
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Bowman, Jenny, Amanda Fletcher, John Wiggers, Amy Anderson, Kathleen McElwaine, Kate Bartlem, David Wilkinson, and Paula Wye. "Psychologists and Smoking Cessation Intervention: Unrealised Potential." Journal of Smoking Cessation 8, no. 2 (October 7, 2013): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2013.24.
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Smoking cessation interventions during routine clinical encounters by health professionals have the potential to reach smokers and facilitate cessation. Although psychologists might appear to be ideal providers of such interventions, international research suggests that their provision is limited. This paper reports the results of a survey conducted in NSW, Australia, of psychologists’ (n = 72) smoking intervention practices, attitudes, and barriers to providing such care. Less than half of the respondents reported assessing smoking status for ‘all or nearly all’ of their clients. Across a range of smoking cessation intervention types, the most frequent response given indicated provision to ‘none or almost none’ of clients who smoked. Only 13% of respondents indicated even ‘advising cessation’ to ‘all or nearly all’ of their smoking clients. Barriers included concern about negative influence on the therapeutic relationship, inadequacy of training and lack of confidence to intervene. Respondents were less likely to provide intervention for smoking than for cannabis, methamphetamine ‘ice’, and alcohol. The study suggests that the potential of Australian psychologists to assist smokers to quit is not being realised, and that there is a need to address the barriers to care provision.
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Wand, Handan, Robyn Richmond, Armita Adily, Andrea Le, Kay Wilhelm, and Tony Butler. "Identifying significant contributors for smoking cessation among male prisoners in Australia: results from a randomised clinical trial." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e034046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034046.
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IntroductionIn Australia, an estimated 90% of those entering prison are current tobacco smokers and three-quarters of current prisoners are tobacco smokers.AimsTo identify factors and their relative contributions to smoking cessation among male prisoners.MethodsA total of 425 male tobacco smokers with a median age of 32 years in Australian prisons. The primary outcome was continuous abstinence at 3, 6 and 12 months. We measured various sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, psychological distress and the mental and physical health status of the participants. Multivariate logistic regression models and population attributable risks (PAR%) were used to identify the significant factors and their contributions to smoking cessation rates.ResultsThe median age of participants was 32 years (IQR 25–41 years). High smoking cessation rates were collectively associated with not using drugs, lower psychological distress, good mental health scores and better physical health (PAR%: 93%, 98% and 88% at 3, 6 and 12 months).ConclusionOur study suggests that not using drugs and being in good mental/physical health are the important contributors to continuous abstinence among prisoners. Thus, effective smoking cessation programmes require a multicomponent approach that includes addressing drug problems and mental health functioning.Trial registration number12606000229572.
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Luxton, Nia, Patti Shih, and Muhammad Rahman. "Electronic Cigarettes and Smoking Cessation in the Perioperative Period of Cardiothoracic Surgery: Views of Australian Clinicians." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112481.
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For patients who smoke, electronic cigarettes may offer a pathway to achieve tobacco abstinence and reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Clinicians have a pivotal role in supporting smoking cessation by patients with lung cancer and coronary artery disease throughout the perioperative period of cardiothoracic surgery. However, the views of Australian cardiothoracic clinicians on electronic cigarettes and smoking cessation are unknown. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 52 cardiothoracic surgeons, anaesthetists, nurses and physiotherapists in six hospitals in Sydney and thematically analysed. Clinicians’ knowledge about electronic cigarettes and the regulatory environment surrounding them was limited. Clinicians believed that: electronic cigarettes, though unlikely to be safe, were safer than tobacco cigarettes; electronic cigarettes may have a harm reduction role in public health; and electronic cigarettes were a potential smoking cessation tool for the extraordinary circumstances of surgery. The professional role of a clinician and their views about electronic cigarettes as a perioperative smoking cessation aid had an influence on future clinician-patient interactions. Electronic cigarette use is increasing in Australia and clinicians are likely to receive more frequent questions about electronic cigarettes as a cessation aid. Stronger guidance for clinicians is needed on the topic of electronic cigarettes and cardiothoracic surgery.
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Gould, Gillian S., and Tracey Watters. "Are Single-session Smoking Cessation Groups a Feasible Option for Rural Australia? – Outcomes From a Pilot Study." Journal of Smoking Cessation 10, no. 2 (March 19, 2014): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2014.4.
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Introduction: Single-session group smoking cessation interventions have received little attention in the literature.Aims: This study aimed to test the feasibility and outcomes of a single-session large group smoking cessation intervention in a rural area of New South Wales.Methods: Participants from a smoking cessation course (N = 42) were asked about cigarette consumption, quit attempts, and readiness and confidence to quit at registration and six months. The two-hour intervention occurred in a group setting and comprised of cognitive behaviour therapy and pharmacotherapy advice.Results: The analysis revealed a 26.2% (N = 11) quit rate based on self-report and/or carbon monoxide validation at 6 months (intention to treat). Those who quit all used pharmacotherapy: eight (73%) Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT); two (18%) varenicline and one (9%) bupropion with NRT. Seven people (17%) used medicines to reduce consumption of cigarettes. A paired samples t test of those still smoking showed a statistically significant decrease in the numbers of cigarettes smoked per day (p<.001).Conclusion: The quit rate of 26.2% from this large single-session smoking cessation course is comparable to that expected from groups having multiple sessions. As a pilot study, these data suggest that a multi-faceted single-session two-hour smoking cessation intervention can successfully support quit attempts in a rural location.
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Russell, Lahiru, Rachel Whiffen, Lorena Chapman, Jasmine Just, Emma Dean, Anna Ugalde, and Sarah White. "Hospital staff perspectives on the provision of smoking cessation care: a qualitative description study." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (May 2021): e044489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044489.
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ObjectiveTo explore the perspectives of hospital staff regarding the provision of smoking cessation care.Study designA qualitative description study using focus group discussions.Study settingData were collected across metropolitan regional and rural hospitals in Victoria, Australia, between November and December 2019.ParticipantsClinical and non-clinical hospital staff.ResultsFive focus groups were conducted across four hospitals. Staff (n=38) across metropolitan regional and rural hospitals shared similar views with regards to barriers and facilitators of smoking cessation care. Four themes were present: (1) Clinical Setting wherein views about opportunity and capacity to embed smoking cessation care, relevant policies and procedures and guidelines were discussed; (2) Knowledge consisted of the need for training on the provision of pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions, and awareness of resources; (3) Consistency represented the need for a consistently applied approach to smoking cessation care by all staff and included issues of staff smoking; and (4) Appropriateness consisted of questions around how smoking cessation care can be safely delivered in the context of challenging patient groups and different settings.ConclusionsStaff across metropolitan regional and rural hospitals experience similar views and identified shared barriers in implementing smoking cessation care. Responding to staff concerns and providing support to address smoking with patients will help to foster a consistent approach to cessation care. Clear practice guidelines for multidisciplinary clinical roles need to underpin staff training in communication skills, include priorities around smoking cessation care, and provide the authorising environment in which clinical staff actively provide smoking cessation care.
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Lowe, John B., Kevin P. Balanda, Warren R. Stanton, Chris Del Mar, and Vivienne O’Connor. "Dissemination of an Efficacious Antenatal Smoking Cessation Program in Public Hospitals in Australia: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Health Education & Behavior 29, no. 5 (October 2002): 608–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019802237028.
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This study investigated the impact of a behaviorally based intervention designed to increase the number of hospitals that routinely provide effective smoking cessation programs for pregnant women. In Queensland, Australia, 70 publicly funded hospitals were matched on numbers of births and maternal socioeconomic status and randomly allocated to an awareness-only intervention group or a behaviorally based intervention group. Success was defined as the routine offer of an evidence-based smoking cessation program to at least 80% of the pregnant clients who smoke. At 1 month, 65% of the behaviorally based intervention hospitals agreed to provide materials about smoking cessation programs for their antenatal patients, compared with 3% of the awarenessonly hospitals. After 1 year, 43% of the intervention hospitals still provided the material, compared with 9% of the awareness-only hospitals. These findings showthat a brief intervention to hospitals can encourage antenatal staff to provide smoking cessation materials to pregnant women.
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Weld-Blundell, Isabelle, Lisa Grech, Ron Borland, Sarah L. White, Roshan das Nair, and Claudia H. Marck. "Smoking habits, awareness and support needs for cessation among people with multiple sclerosis in Australia: findings from an online survey." BMJ Open 12, no. 7 (July 2022): e059637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059637.
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ObjectivesTo assess smoking habits, nicotine use, exposure to passive smoking, awareness of associated harms, and experiences with and preferences for smoking cessation support among people with multiple sclerosis (MS).DesignOnline survey, convenience sampling.SettingCommunity setting, Australia.ParticipantsAdults living in Australia with probable or diagnosed MS were recruited via social media and newsletters to participate in 2020.ResultsOf the 284 participants in our convenience sample, 25.7% were current smokers (n=73) and 38.0% were former smokers (n=108). Awareness of the harms of smoking on MS onset (n=68, 24.3%) and progression (n=116, 41.6%) was low. Almost a quarter (n=67, 23.8%) of participants were regularly exposed to passive smoke, and awareness of associated harm was also low (n=47, 16.8%). Among current smokers, 76.1% (n=54) had tried quitting and 73.2% considered quitting within 6 months (n=52). Many participants reported perceived short-term benefits of smoking, and long-term benefits of quitting, on MS symptoms and general well-being (short-term n=28, 40.0%; long-term n=28, 82.4%). While most participants reported that their neurologist (n=126, 75.4%) or other healthcare providers (n=125, 74.9%) had assessed smoking status, very few neurologists (n=3, 1.8%) or other healthcare providers (n=14, 8.4%) had provided help with quitting. Most current smokers preferred speaking about smoking to a neurologist (n=36, 52.2%) or general practitioner (n=41, 59.4%). Almost 60% of the current smokers wanted additional cessation information specific to MS (n=41, 59.4%), and 45.5% said this information would motivate them to quit smoking (n=30).ConclusionsOur convenience sample, which may not be representative, indicated an urgent need for regular evidence-based smoking cessation supports for people with MS. Most participants felt they would benefit from smoking cessation advice. MS clinicians, in collaboration with patient organisations, smoking cessation services and general practitioners, should make smoking cessation promotion with people with MS a priority.
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Bailey, Jacqueline M., Paula M. Wye, Emily A. Stockings, Kate M. Bartlem, Alexandra P. Metse, John H. Wiggers, and Jennifer A. Bowman. "Smoking Cessation Care for People with a Mental Illness: Family Carer Expectations of Health and Community Services." Journal of Smoking Cessation 12, no. 4 (November 22, 2016): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2016.23.
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Introduction: Smoking prevalence remains high among people with a mental illness, contributing to higher levels of morbidity and mortality. Health and community services are an opportune setting for the provision of smoking cessation care. Although family carers are acknowledged to play a critical role in supporting the care and assistance provided by such services to people with a mental illness, their expectations regarding the delivery of smoking cessation care have not been examined.Aims: To explore family carer expectations of smoking cessation care provision by four types of health services, to clients with a mental illness, and factors associated with expectations.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with carers of a person with a mental illness residing in New South Wales, Australia. Carers were surveyed regarding their expectations of smoking cessation care provision from four types of health services. Possible associations between carer expectation of smoking cessation care provision and socio-demographic and attitudinal variables were explored.Results: Of 144 carers, the majority of carers considered that smoking cessation care should be provided by: mental health hospitals (71.4%), community mental health services (78.0%), general practice (82.7%), and non-government organisations (56.6%). The factor most consistently related to expectation of care was a belief that smoking cessation could positively impact mental health.Conclusions: The majority of carers expected smoking cessation treatment to be provided by all services catering for people with a mental illness, reinforcing the appropriateness for such services to provide smoking cessation care for clients in an effective and systematic manner.
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Williams, Martin, and John Allan. "Reducing smoking in Australia: how to include Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 11, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v11.i2.6642.
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Issue addressed: Australia has succeeded in lowering the overall prevalence of tobacco smoking in the last four decades and has enjoyed a worldwide reputation for innovative policy. However, this success has not extended to Indigenous Australians.
Method: Narrative review and critique of literature from government, public health, health promotion, marketing and communication on smoking cessation in Australia.
Main points: We first consider the history of government anti-smoking measures including legislation and communication initiatives including advertising and sponsorship bans, health warnings and ‘no smoking’ rules affecting anti-smoking norms, culminating in the banning of branding and the advent of tobacco plain packaging. We also review the effects of excise increases and smoking cessation aids such as quit lines and nicotine replacement therapy. For each type of intervention, both population-wide and those specifically directed at Indigenous people, we consider the probable reasons for the failure to reach Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people or alter their smoking patterns, and make suggestions for improvements in interventions and their evaluation.
Conclusion: The history of anti-smoking initiatives in Australia suggests that community-based health initiatives are likely to be more effective in addressing Indigenous people and helping smokers to quit.
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Gould (Judean), Gillian Sandra, Ratika Kumar, Nicole M. Ryan, Leah Stevenson, Christopher Oldmeadow, Gina La Hera Fuentes, Simon Deeming, et al. "Protocol for iSISTAQUIT: Implementation phase of the supporting indigenous smokers to assist quitting project." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): e0274139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274139.
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Introduction About 44% of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women smoke during pregnancy compared to 12% of their general population counterparts. Evidence-based quit smoking advice received from health care professionals (HCPs) can increase smoking cessation rates. However, HCPs lack culturally appropriate smoking cessation training, which is a major barrier to provision of smoking cessation care for this population. Methods and analysis iSISTAQUIT is a multicentre, single arm study aiming to implement and evaluate the evidence-based, culturally competent iSISTAQUIT smoking cessation training among health practitioners who provide support and assistance to pregnant, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in Australia. This project will implement the iSISTAQUIT intervention in Aboriginal Medical Services and Mainstream Health Services. The proposed sample size is 10 of each of these services (total N = 20), however if the demand is higher, we will aim to accommodate up to 30 services for the training. Participating sites and their HCPs will have the option to choose one of the two iSISTAQUIT packages available: a) Evaluation- research package b) Training package (with or without continued professional development points). Training will be provided via an online eLearning platform that includes videos, text, interactive elements and a treatment manual. A social media campaign will be conducted from December 2021 to September 2022 to raise brand and issue awareness about smoking cessation for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in pregnancy. This national campaign will consist of systematic advertising and promotion of iSISTAQUIT and video messages through various social media platforms. Analysis We will use the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) to plan, evaluate and report the intervention impact of iSISTAQUIT. Effectiveness of social media campaign will be assessed via social media metrics, cross-sectional surveys, and interviews. Discussion This innovative research, using a multi-component intervention, aims to practically apply and integrate a highly translatable smoking cessation intervention in real-world primary care settings in Aboriginal Medical Services and Mainstream services. The research benefits Aboriginal women, babies and their family and community members through improved support for smoking cessation during pregnancy. The intervention is based on accepted Australian and international smoking cessation guidelines, developed and delivered in a culturally appropriate approach for Aboriginal communities.
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Ivey, Marsha A., Graeme P. Maguire, Brett G. Toelle, Guy B. Marks, Michael J. Abramson, and Richard Wood-Baker. "Characteristics in Stages of Change and Decisional Balance among Smokers: The Burden of Obstructive Lung Diseases (BOLD)-Australia Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (September 12, 2019): 3372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183372.
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Smoking cessation remains a health promotion target. Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Australian Burden of Obstructive Lung Diseases (BOLD) data, we examined differences in stages of change (SoC) and readiness to quit decisional behaviours. Factors were identified likely to influence readiness of smokers, ≥40 years old, to quit. Analysis was restricted to current smokers classified to one of three stages: pre-contemplation (PC), contemplation (C) or preparation (P) to quit. Their ability to balance positive and negative consequences was measured using decisional balance. Among 314 smokers, 43.0% females and 60.8% overweight/obese, the distribution of SoC was: 38.1% PC, 38.3% C and 23.5% P. Overweight/obesity was associated with readiness to quit in stages C and P and there were more negative than positive attitudes towards smoking in those stages. Males were significantly heavier smokers in PC and C stages. Females used smoking cessation medication more frequently in PC stage, were more embarrassed about smoking and had greater negative reinforcements from smoking. Age started smoking and factors related to smoking history were associated with readiness to quit and increased the odds of being in stage C or P. An overweight/obese smoker was likely to be contemplating or preparing to quit. In these stages, smokers have more negative attitudes toward smoking. Starting smoking later, taking advice on cessation from health providers and using quit medications indicate increased readiness to quit. Evaluating these factors in smokers and developing cessation gain-framed messages may prove useful to healthcare providers.
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Hanlon, Clare, Tony Morris, and Grant Anthony O’Sullivan. "Participant perceptions of an individualised physical activity anti-smoking intervention." Health Education 118, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-05-2017-0028.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore a health program comprising the individual experiences, successes and setbacks of adults in an individually tailored, community-based smoking intervention and physical activity program. The program incorporated physical activity consultation (PAC) and phone support from the well-established Quit smoking cessation program, and in partnership with Melton City Council, Victoria, Australia. Design/methodology/approach Expert facilitators in PAC led the intervention. The program was titled “ActivePlus” and the intervention was conducted for eight weeks. Post-program facilitator guidance continued for three weeks and follow-up on participants was conducted at week 24. Five participants continued to week 24 and were interviewed. Three case descriptions were chosen as a sample to analyse using descriptive content analysis to illustrate the range of experiences, successes and setbacks reported by these individual participants. Findings Smoking reduction/cessation results varied among cases, but increases in PA were sustained. Participants valued the expert support of PAC facilitators, though usage and appraisal of Quit telephone smoking cessation services was mixed. The individually tailored PAC was valued by participants, who felt it also contributed to their smoking reduction/cessation goals. Practical implications In future, the intervention would benefit from the same ongoing support in smoking cessation as the PAC. Practitioners should consider the benefit of including PAC in smoking cessation interventions. However, such interventions should be individually tailored and include facilitation by a PAC and a smoking cessation expert. Originality/value Few studies have looked at completely individualised smoking cessation interventions using PAC. The current study also addresses the recommendations of previous research to investigate the use of more intense PA intervention supported by expert PAC facilitation.
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De Guzman, Keshia R., Centaine L. Snoswell, Cheneal Puljevic, and Deepali Gupta. "Evaluating the utility of a Smoking Cessation Clinical Pathway tool to promote nicotine prescribing and use among inpatients of a tertiary hospital in Brisbane, Australia." Journal of Smoking Cessation 15, no. 4 (September 3, 2020): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2020.22.
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AbstractIntroductionDue to the burden of tobacco-related illnesses among hospital inpatients, an evidence-based smoking cessation brief intervention tool was developed for clinicians working in hospitals in Queensland, Australia. The tool, called the Smoking Cessation Clinical Pathway (SCCP), is used by clinicians to support inpatient smoking cessation and manage nicotine withdrawal in hospital.AimsTo investigate the impact of completed SCCP on nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) prescribing and use, and to explore clinician involvement in smoking cessation interventions.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted to examine data regarding SCCP responses and NRT offering, prescribing and use. The statistical significance of the results was assessed using chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests.ResultsPatients with a completed SCCP were more likely to be offered NRT (P < 0.0001). NRT prescribing on admission and discharge was higher in patients with a completed SCCP (P = 0.001 and P = 0.027). Intention to quit had no effect on whether NRT was offered (P = 0.276) and NRT acceptance was higher for patients that intended to quit smoking (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe SCCP prompted clinicians to offer NRT to patients, leading to increased NRT prescribing and use. These findings demonstrate the utility of the SCCP to assist clinicians to promote smoking cessation among hospital inpatients.
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Magnus, Anne, Dominique Cadilhac, Lauren Sheppard, Toby Cumming, Dora Pearce, and Rob Carter. "Economic Benefits of Achieving Realistic Smoking Cessation Targets in Australia." American Journal of Public Health 101, no. 2 (February 2011): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2009.191056.
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Peek, Jenny, Karen Hay, Pauline Hughes, Adrienne Kostellar, Subodh Kumar, Zaheerodin Bhikoo, John Serginson, and Henry M. Marshall. "Feasibility and Acceptability of a Smoking Cessation Smartphone App (My QuitBuddy) in Older Persons: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): e24976. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24976.
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Background Although many smoking cessation smartphone apps exist, few have been independently evaluated, particularly in older populations. In 2017, of the 112 commercially available smoking cessation apps in Australia, only 6 were deemed to be of high quality, in that they partially adhered to Australian guidelines. Mobile health (mHealth) apps have the potential to modify smoking behavior at a relatively low cost; however, their acceptability in older smokers remains unknown. Rigorous scientific evaluation of apps is thus urgently needed to assist smokers and clinicians alike. Objective We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate the feasibility of a large-scale trial to assess the use and acceptability of a high-quality smoking cessation app in older smokers. Methods Adult inpatient and outpatient smokers with computer and smartphone access were recruited face to face and via telephone interviews from Metropolitan Hospitals in Brisbane, Australia. Participants were randomized 1:1 to the intervention (requested to download the “My QuitBuddy” smoking cessation app on their smartphone) or the control group (provided access to a tailored smoking cessation support webpage [Quit HQ]). The My QuitBuddy app is freely available from app stores and provides personalized evidenced-based smoking cessation support. Quit HQ offers regular email support over 12 weeks. No training or instructions on the use of these e-resources were given to participants. Outcomes at 3 months included recruitment and retention rates, use and acceptability of e-resource (User Version of the Mobile App Rating Scale [uMARS]), changes in quitting motivation (10-point scale), and self-reported smoking abstinence. Results We randomized 64 of 231 potentially eligible individuals (27.7%). The mean age of participants was 62 (SD 8). Nicotine dependence was moderate (mean Heaviness of Smoking Index [HSI] 2.8 [SD 1.2]). At 3 months the retention rate was (58/64, 91%). A total of 15 of 31 participants in the intervention arm (48%) used the app at least once, compared with 10 of 33 (30%) in the control arm. uMARS scores for e-resource use and acceptability were statistically similar (P=.29). Motivation to quit was significantly higher in the intervention arm compared with the control arm (median 6 [IQR 4-8] versus 4 [IQR 4-5], respectively, P=.02). According to the intention-to-treat analysis, smoking abstinence was nonsignificantly higher in the intervention group (4/31 [13%], 95% CI 4%-30%, versus 2/33 [6%], 95% CI 1%-20%; P=.42). The estimated number needed to treat was 14. Conclusions Internet and mHealth smoking cessation resources appear acceptable to a minority of older smokers. Smokers who engaged with the allocated e-resources rated them equally, and there were trends toward greater uptake, increased motivation, and higher abstinence rates in the app group; however, only the change in motivation reached statistical significance (median score 6 versus 4, respectively, P=.02). This results of this pilot study suggest that apps may improve quit outcomes in older adults who are willing to use them. Further research into user–app interactions should be undertaken to facilitate improvements in app design and consumer engagement. These favorable trends should be explored in larger trials with sufficient statistical power. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619000159156; http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=376849&isReview=true
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Ugalde, A., S. Aranda, C. Paul, L. Orellana, I. Plueckhahn, C. Segan, D. Baird, et al. "Improving Health Outcomes for People With Cancer in Rural and Regional Areas by Embedding Evidence-Based Smoking-Cessation Strategies Into Usual Care: A Study Protocol." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 95s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.10100.
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Background: Smoking following a diagnosis of cancer is a powerful clinical risk indicator, with known poorer health outcomes and associated health care costs. In Australia, smoking rates are higher in rural and regional areas. There are established and effective interventions to promote smoking cessation after a diagnosis of cancer yet these are not in routine practice. Aim: This protocol paper reports on a study that aims to embed evidence-based smoking cessation strategies for people with cancer who are current smokers into routine care, resulting in in system wide improvements, an implemented program and model for further dissemination. Methods: Across three rural/regional sites, and with partners Quit Victoria and Western Alliance, this study employs a variety of methodologies to embed smoking cessation support to improve outcomes for people with cancer who currently smoke. Specifically, the project will embed a system of responsibilities and training in rural and regional health services to routinely engage people with cancer who smoke in support services. The program will: · Promote routine delivery of smoking cessation care by trained oncology staff (oncologists/nurses/ allied health) · Establish referral pathways to Quitline · Correspond with general practitioners, to: i) outline the benefits of quitting in this context, ii) promote access to nicotine replacement therapy and iii) support quitting in the community. · Improve routine recording of smoking status and documentation of provision of brief intervention (personalised advice given, resources provided) and outcomes. Participants: are oncology staff and general practitioners across three health services: Ballarat Health Service, East Grampians Health Service (Ararat), Wimmera Health Care Group (Horsham), all located in Victoria, Australia. Data collection will occur across four sources: 1) Oncology staff: qualitative and quantitative data collection understanding confidence and views on provision on cessation advice; 2) Monitoring Quitline calls, 3) Interview with local general practitioners and 4) Medical record reviews to explore frequency of recording of smoking status. Data will be collected pre/postintervention. Results: The project is underway with the intervention manuals in development. The project is due for completion in 2020. Conclusion: This project takes a health services approach to integration of smoking cessation support in routine care for people with cancer in rural and regional areas. This program of work has capacity to determine best approaches to integrate smoking cessation into routine care, resulting in reduced mortality and morbidity, improved effectiveness of anticancer treatments, and reduced health care costs; by establishing internationally relevant, embedded health care interventions.
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Davis, Amelia, Hanh Ngo, and Mathew Coleman. "An evaluation of a pilot specialist smoking cessation clinic in a mental health setting." Australasian Psychiatry 27, no. 3 (December 3, 2018): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856218816372.
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Objectives: Smoking rates in people with mental illness in Australia remain alarmingly high whilst they have been declining in the general population. This study reviews a smoking cessation programme in a mental health service, as a pilot for future studies and program development. We aim to assess the effectiveness of this intervention and the ease of implementation after upskilling the clinical workforce. Methods: Part A – a retrospective analysis of patients attending the Smokers’ Clinic, ( n = 44) over a period of 18 months. Part B – survey of ease of implementation and change in practice of the resident medical officers (RMOs; n = 8) following their clinical placement. Results: For the entire clinic population, the mean reduction in expired carbon monoxide was approximately 43%, with 34% of patients achieving abstinence. Females were 3.4 times more likely to be successful than males. Seventy-five per cent of RMOs found learning about nicotine dependence and smoking cessation ‘easy’, and 88% continued to offer smoking cessation after their placement. Conclusions: The Smokers’ Clinic was successful in helping tobacco smokers with mental illness to reduce or cease smoking. Specialist skill and experience is not required to manage smoking cessation in a mental health setting.
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Gould, Gillian Sandra, Simon Chiu, Christopher Oldmeadow, and Yael Bar-Zeev. "General practitioner and obstetrician views on system changes to improve smoking cessation care in pregnancy in Australia: a cross-sectional survey." Journal of Smoking Cessation 15, no. 3 (May 14, 2020): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2020.16.
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AbstractIntroductionSystemic barriers impacting smoking cessation in pregnant women may include nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) access and training.AimAssess general practitioner (GP) and obstetrician's agreement with system-based changes to improve the management of smoking in pregnancy; compare group responses.MethodsNational cross-sectional survey with two samples: (1) online survey emailed to a random sample of 500 GPs from Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP); (2) paper survey posted to 5571 GPs and obstetricians from Royal Australia and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG). Percentages agreeing that specified changes would improve the management of smoking in pregnancy were calculated. Pairwise comparisons used Kruskal–Wallis tests (RACGP/RANZCOG GPs/obstetricians).ResultsN = 378 participated. Response rates 8.4% (N = 42; online survey) and 6% (N = 335; paper survey), respectively. Total percentages agreeing with system-based changes: 79% training, 64% oral NRT subsidy, 62% Medicare item for smoking cessation, 54% improved access to NRT patches. Within RANZCOG, more GPs (73.1%) agreed that oral NRT should be subsidised (P = 0.001) than obstetricians (53.7%).ConclusionGPs and obstetricians agreed that system changes would improve their management of smoking in pregnancy. Oral NRT subsidy was the only pairwise group difference. Subsequently, oral NRT has been subsidised; in time, this may influence prescribing and quit rates.
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Mikhailovich, Katja, and Paul Morrison. "An Evaluation of a Smoking Cessation Program for Special Populations in Australia." Journal of Smoking Cessation 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jsc.3.1.50.
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AbstractThe prevalence of smoking is much higher among the poor, marginalised and disenfranchised. Those who are dependent on alcohol and other drugs, suffering mental illness, and Indigenous people are among the heaviest smokers and are least likely to quit. This article describes a smallscale evaluation of a smoking cessation program, which used tailored nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) aimed at these groups, between 2004 to 2006. A mixed methodology approach to data collection was employed. The quantitative data indicated that a low level of success was achieved by program participants. The qualitative data provided rich accounts of peoples' experiences in the program. These could be used to develop more effective programs that take a full account of the complex issues that shape participants' responses to smoking cessation and provide greater levels of sustained motivation. Several issues related to the conduct of rigorous evaluation studies in this context are highlighted.
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Richmond, Robyn L., Devon Indig, Tony G. Butler, Kay A. Wilhelm, Vicki A. Archer, and Alex D. Wodak. "Smoking and Other Drug Characteristics of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Prisoners in Australia." Journal of Addiction 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/516342.
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Introduction and Aim. Although tobacco and alcohol use have declined substantially in the Australian community, substance use among prisoners remains high. The aim was to compare the smoking, drug, and alcohol characteristics, sociodemographic profile, and general health of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal male prisoners in a smoking cessation intervention.Design and Methods. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of data from 425 male prisoners who joined a quit smoking trial conducted at 18 correctional centres in NSW and Queensland using data collected by standardised self-report instruments.Results. Average age was 33 years with 15% from Aboriginal descent. Compared to non-Aboriginal prisoners, Aboriginal prisoners were significantly more likely to have left school with no qualifications, to have been institutionalised as a child, to be previously incarcerated, and commenced smoking at a younger age. The tobacco use profile of both groups was similar; most of them had a medium to high level of nicotine dependence, smoked roll your own tobacco, and were “serious” about quitting.Discussion and Conclusion. Despite differences in terms of sociodemographic characteristics and offending history, the smoking characteristics of Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal prisoners were similar. Incarceration offers an opportunity to encourage smoking cessation and reduction of drug use.
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Brown, Stephen L., and Neville Owen. "Population versus Clinical Perspectives on Smoking Behaviour." Behaviour Change 7, no. 3 (September 1990): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900007099.
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Effective mass-reach smoking-cessation interventions are required in order to accelerate the decline in the prevalence of smoking in Australia and other industrialised countries. Such large-scale interventions still rely, to a major extent, on theoretical principles derived from research with clinical or other opportunistic samples. Schachter (1982) argues that this type of research provides information which is unrepresentative of smokers in the general population. We compared a population-probability sample with a sample of smokers enrolling in a smoking-cessation program offered by a community health centre. The health centre sample was composed of predominantly female, older smokers who had higher smoking rates, had made more previous attempts to stop smoking, and tended to attribute their last relapse to irritability. We discuss some potential implications for research relevant to population-wide smoking control strategies.
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Klimis, Harry, Simone Marschner, Amy Von Huben, Aravinda Thiagalingam, and Clara K. Chow. "Predictors of Smoking Cessation in a Lifestyle-Focused Text-Message Support Programme Delivered to People with Coronary Heart Disease: An Analysis From the Tobacco Exercise and Diet Messages (TEXTME) Randomised Clinical Trial." Tobacco Use Insights 13 (January 2020): 1179173X2090148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179173x20901486.
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Background: Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of text message-based prevention programs on smoking cessation, including our recently published TEXTME randomised controlled trial. However, little is known about the predictors of smoking cessation in this context and if other clinically important factors interact with the program to lead to quitting. Hence, the objective of this study was to first assess the predictors of smoking cessation in TEXTME and then determine if the effect of texting on quitting was modified by interactions with important clinical variables. This will allow us to better understand how text messaging works and thus help optimise future text-message based prevention programs. Methods This sub-analysis used data collected as part of the TEXTME trial which recruited 710 participants (377 current smokers at baseline) between September 2011 and November 2013 from a large tertiary hospital in Sydney, Australia. Smokers at baseline were analysed at 6 months and grouped into those who quit and those who did not. Univariate analyses were performed to determine associations between the main outcome and clinically important baseline factors selected a priori. A multiple binominal logistic regression analysis was conducted to develop a predictive model for the dependent variable smoking cessation. A test of interaction between the intervention group and baseline variables selected a priori with the outcome smoking cessation was performed. Results Univariate analysis identified receiving text-messages, age, and mean number of cigarettes smoked each day as being associated with quitting smoking. After adjusting for age, receiving the text-messaging program (OR 2.34; 95%CI 1.43-3.86; p<0.01) and mean number of cigarettes smoked per day (OR 1.02; 95%CI 1.00-1.04; p=0.03) were independent predictors for smoking cessation. LDL-C showed a significant interaction effect with the intervention (High LDL*Intervention OR 3.77 (95%CI 2.05-6.94); Low LDL*Intervention OR 1.42 (95%CI 0.77-2.60); P=0.03). Conclusions Smoking quantity at baseline is independently associated with smoking cessation and higher LDL-C may interact with the intervention to result in quitting smoking. Those who have a higher baseline risk maybe more motivated towards beneficial lifestyle change including quitting smoking, and thus more likely to respond to mHealth smoking cessation programs. The effect of text-messages on smoking cessation was independent of age, gender, psychosocial parameters, education, and baseline control of risk factors in a secondary prevention cohort.
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Gravely, Shannon, K. Michael Cummings, David Hammond, Ron Borland, Ann McNeill, Katherine A. East, Ruth Loewen, et al. "Self-Reported Quit Aids and Assistance Used By Smokers At Their Most Recent Quit Attempt: Findings from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 23, no. 10 (April 9, 2021): 1699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab068.
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Abstract Introduction This study retrospectively describes smoking cessation aids, cessation services, and other types of assistance used by current and ex-smokers at their last quit attempt in four high-income countries. Aims and Methods Data are from the Wave 3 (2020) International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey in Australia, Canada, England, and the United States (US). Eligible respondents were daily smokers or past-daily recent ex-smokers who made a quit attempt/quit smoking in the last 24-months, resulting in 3614 respondents. Self-reported quit aids/assistance included: nicotine vaping products (NVPs), nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), other pharmacological therapies (OPT: varenicline/bupropion/cytisine), tobacco (noncombustible: heated tobacco product/smokeless tobacco), cessation services (quitline/counseling/doctor), other cessation support (e.g., mobile apps/website/pamphlets, etc.), or no aid. Results Among all respondents, at last quit attempt, 28.8% used NRT, 28.0% used an NVP, 12.0% used OPT, 7.8% used a cessation service, 1.7% used a tobacco product, 16.5% other cessation support, and 38.6% used no aid/assistance. Slightly more than half of all smokers and ex-smokers (57.2%) reported using any type of pharmacotherapy (NRT or OPT) and/or an NVP, half-used NRT and/or an NVP (49.9%), and 38.4% used any type of pharmacotherapy (NRT and/or OPT). A quarter of smokers/ex-smokers used a combination of aids. NVPs and NRT were the most prevalent types of cessation aids used in all four countries; however, NRT was more commonly used in Australia relative to NVPs, and in England, NVPs were more commonly used than NRT. The use of NVPs or NRT was more evenly distributed in Canada and the US. Conclusions It appears that many smokers are still trying to quit unassisted, rather than utilizing cessation aids or other forms of assistance. Of those who did use assistance, NRT and NVPs were the most common method, which appears to suggest that nicotine substitution is important for smokers when trying to quit smoking. Implications Clinical practice guidelines in a number of countries state that the most effective smoking cessation method is a combination of pharmacotherapy and face-to-face behavioral support by a health professional. Most quit attempts however are made unassisted, particularly without the use of government-approved cessation medications. This study found that about two in five daily smokers used approved cessation medications (nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or other approved pharmacotherapies, such as varenicline). Notably, nicotine substitution in the form of either NRT and nicotine vaping products (NVPs) were the most common method of cessation assistance (used by one in two respondents), but the proportion using NRT and/or NVPs varied by country. Few smokers who attempted to quit utilized cessation services such as stop-smoking programs/counseling or quitlines, despite that these types of support are effective in helping smokers manage withdrawals and cravings. Primary healthcare professionals should ask their patients about smoking and offer them evidence-based treatment, as well as be prepared to provide smokers with a referral to trained cessation counselors, particularly when it comes to tailoring intensive treatment programs for regular daily smokers. Additionally, healthcare providers should be prepared to discuss the use of NVPs, particularly if smokers are seeking advice about NVPs, wanting to try/or already using an NVP to quit smoking, have failed repeatedly to quit with other cessation methods, and/or if they do not want to give up tobacco/nicotine use completely.
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McIvor, Andrew, John Kayser, Jean-Marc Assaad, Gerald Brosky, Penny Demarest, Philippe Desmarais, Christine Hampson, Milan Khara, Ratsamy Pathammavong, and Robert Weinberg. "Best Practices for Smoking Cessation Interventions in Primary Care." Canadian Respiratory Journal 16, no. 4 (2009): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/412385.
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BACKGROUND: In Canada, smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature death. Family physicians and nurse practitioners are uniquely positioned to initiate smoking cessation. Because smoking is a chronic addiction, repeated, opportunity-based interventions are most effective in addressing physical dependence and modifying deeply ingrained patterns of beliefs and behaviour. However, only a small minority of family physicians provide thorough smoking cessation counselling and less than one-half offer adjunct support to patients.OBJECTIVE: To identify the key steps family physicians and nurse practitioners can take to strengthen effective smoking cessation interventions for their patients.METHODS: A multidisciplinary panel of health care practitioners involved with smoking cessation from across Canada was convened to discuss best practices derived from international guidelines, including those from the United States, Europe, and Australia, and other relevant literature. The panellists subsequently refined their findings in the form of the present article.RESULTS: The present paper outlines best practices for brief and effective counselling for, and treatment of, tobacco addiction. By adopting a simple series of questions, taking 30 s to 3 min to complete, health care professionals can initiate smoking cessation interventions. Integrating these strategies into daily practice provides opportunities to significantly improve the quality and duration of patients’ lives.CONCLUSION: Tobacco addiction is the most important preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in Canada. Family physicians, nurse practitioners and other front-line health care professionals are well positioned to influence and assist their patients in quitting, thereby reducing the burden on both personal health and the public health care system.
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Deeks, Louise S., Sam Kosari, Anne Develin, Gregory M. Peterson, and Mark Naunton. "Smoking cessation and the general practice pharmacist." Journal of Smoking Cessation 14, no. 3 (April 5, 2019): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2019.3.
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AbstractIntroductionRoles for pharmacists in general practice are developing in Australia. It is known that pharmacists can provide effective smoking cessation services in other settings but evidence in general practice is lacking.AimTo determine whether a pharmacist can provide effective smoking cessation services within general practice.MethodData from smoking cessation consultations were obtained for 66 consecutive patients seen by one practice pharmacist. The pharmacist tailored interventions to the individual. Medication was offered in collaboration with community pharmacists and general practitioners. Quit coaching, based on motivational interviewing, was conducted. Smoking status was ascertained at least 6 months after the intended quit date and verified by a carbon monoxide breath test where possible.ResultsThe patients’ median age was 43 years (range 19–74 years); 42 were females (64%). At baseline, the median (i) number of pack years smoked was 20 (range: 1–75); (ii) Fagerstrom Test of dependence score was 6 (1–10); and (iii) number of previous quit attempts was 3 (0–10). Follow-up after at least 6 months determined a self-reported point prevalence abstinence rate of 30% (20/66). Of all patients who reported to be abstinent, 65% (13/20) were tested for carbon monoxide breath levels and were all below 7 ppm. The biochemically verified smoking abstinence rate was therefore 20% overall (13/66). Successful quit attempts were associated with varenicline recommendation (69% v 25%), increased median number of practice pharmacist consultations (4 v 2 per patient) and mental health diagnosis (85% v 51%).ConclusionOur observed abstinence rate was comparable or better than those obtained by practice nurses, community pharmacists and outpatient pharmacists, indicating the general practice pharmacist provided an effective smoking cessation intervention. A larger randomised trial is warranted.
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Gillespie, Amaya M., K. John Fisher, Warren R. Stanton, and John B. Lowe. "Australian Students' Preferences for School-Based Smoking Cessation Programs." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 17, no. 4 (January 1998): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ja30-03m6-59td-r5f4.
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Estimates of daily smoking as high as 15 percent by Year 10 students (average age 15) suggest there is an urgent need to focus attention on the formulation of school-based cessation programs for young smokers, as an adjunct to existing prevention focused programs which serve the majority of young non-smokers. The purpose of this study was to gather recommendations from student smokers (in the middle high school years, about 15 years of age) which may be used in the design of school-based smoking cessation programs. This study investigated the opinions of 2865 smoking and nonsmoking Year 10 students drawn from twenty-one metropolitan high schools in Brisbane, Australia. The majority of students, including smokers, were supportive of school-based smoking cessation programs. Smokers reported a preference for the program to be voluntary, to be accessible during school time, and facilitated by other students or non-teaching personnel. A clear preference for individualized attempts to quit over more structured or group programs was evident. The majority of smokers reported that they preferred to quit on their own. They, however, also recognized the value of assistance from a supportive friend or being in a group of students who helped one other. In general, male and female students expressed the same preferences regarding methods of quitting. Males, however, appeared more difficult to motivate and more skeptical of quitting programs. Specific ideas for identifying students who may have higher support needs when quitting are provided.
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Mittiga, C., K. Ettridge, K. Martin, G. Tucker, R. Dubyna, B. Catcheside, W. Scheil, and L. Maksimovic. "Sociodemographic correlates of smoking in pregnancy and antenatal-care attendance in Indigenous and non-Indigenous women in South Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 5 (2016): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py15081.
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Smoking in pregnancy is a key health issue in Australia, particularly among Indigenous women. However, few studies have examined the sociodemographic factors associated with smoking in pregnancy or the predictors of antenatal-care attendance among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian women who smoke. Data from the South Australian perinatal statistics collection of all births from 2000–2010 (n=197538) were analysed separately by Indigenous status to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with smoking in pregnancy and antenatal-care attendance by women who smoke. For Indigenous and non-Indigenous women, smoking in pregnancy was significantly independently associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, residing in regional or remote areas, increased parity, unemployment, being a public patient and attending fewer antenatal care visits. Smoking in pregnancy was associated with younger age and not being partnered only for non-Indigenous women. For Indigenous and non-Indigenous pregnant women who smoked, antenatal-care attendance was lower among women who were of younger age, higher parity, unemployed and not partnered. Differences in attendance within sociodemographic factors were greater for Indigenous women. Therefore, while sociodemographic correlates of smoking in pregnancy and antenatal-care attendance are largely similar for Indigenous and non-Indigenous women, tailored cessation and antenatal-care programs that reflect the differences in sociodemographic groups most at risk may be beneficial.
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Beard, Emma, Paul Aveyard, Susan Michie, Ann McNeill, and Robert West. "Does Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy While Continuing to Smoke Undermine Cessation?: A Systematic Review." Journal of Smoking Cessation 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2013): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2012.21.
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Aims: To review population surveys to assess (a) prevalence of the use of NRT for smoking reduction (SR) and temporary abstinence (TA) and (b) how far this is associated with attempts to stop smoking, smoking cessation and reduction in cigarette consumption.Methods: An electronic search was undertaken of EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycINFO. Articles were selected if they (1) assessed whether smokers had used or were currently using NRT for SR and/or TA; (2) involved smokers who had not taken part in a harm reduction programme; and (3) assessed prevalence and/or association of SR and/or TA with reductions in cigarette consumption and/or attempts to stop smoking and/or with smoking cessation. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and results were extracted independently by two researchers.Results: Data were available from five countries (US, UK, Canada, Switzerland and Australia). Between 1% and 23% of smokers reported having ever used NRT for smoking reduction and between 2% and 14% during periods of temporary abstinence. Use of NRT for SR and/or TA was associated with little or no reduction in cigarette consumption. There was some evidence that it was positively associated with attempts to stop smoking and smoking cessation.Conclusion: In smoking populations use of NRT to aid SR and in situations where smoking is not permitted appears to be having little effect on achieving a reduction in cigarette consumption but does not undermine cessation and may promote it.
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Hodyl, Nicolette A., Luke E. Grzeskowiak, Michael J. Stark, Wendy Scheil, and Vicki L. Clifton. "The impact of Aboriginal status, cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on perinatal outcomes in South Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 201, no. 5 (September 2014): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja13.11142.
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Khan, Arifuzzaman, Kalie Green, Gulam Khandaker, Sheleigh Lawler, and Coral Gartner. "How can a coordinated regional smoking cessation initiative be developed and implemented? A programme logic model to evaluate the ‘10,000 Lives’ health promotion initiative in Central Queensland, Australia." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (March 2021): e044649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044649.
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ObjectiveThis study used a programme logic model to describe the inputs, activities and outputs of the ‘10,000 Lives’ smoking cessation initiative in Central Queensland, Australia.DesignA programme logic model provided the framework for the process evaluation of ‘10,000 Lives’. The data were collected through document review, observation and key informant interviews and subsequently analysed after coding and recoding into classified themes, inputs, activities and outputs.SettingThe prevalence of smoking is higher in the Central Queensland region of Australia compared with the national and state averages. In 2017, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Services set a target to reduce the percentage of adults who smoke from 16.7% to 9.5% in the Central Queensland region by 2030 as part of their strategic vision (‘Destination 2030’). Achieving this target is equivalent to 20,000 fewer smokers in Central Queensland, which should result in 10,000 fewer premature deaths due to smoking-related diseases. To translate this strategic goal into an actionable smoking cessation initiative, the ‘10,000 Lives’ health promotion programme was officially launched on 1 November 2017.ResultThe activities of the initiative coordinated by a senior project officer included building clinical and community taskforces, organising summits and workshops, and regular communications to stakeholders. Public communication strategies (e.g., Facebook, radio, community exhibitions of ‘10,000 Lives’ and health-related events) were used to promote available smoking cessation support to the Central Queensland community.ConclusionThe ‘10,000 Lives’ initiative provides an example of a coordinated health promotion programme to increase smoking cessation in a regional area through harnessing existing resources and strategic partnerships (e.g., Quitline). Documenting and describing the process evaluation of the ‘10,000 Lives’ model is important so that it can be replicated in other regional areas with high prevalence of smoking.
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Gilchrist, Gail, Sandra Davidson, Aves Middleton, Helen Herrman, Kelsey Hegarty, and Jane Gunn. "Factors associated with smoking and smoking cessation among primary care patients with depression: a naturalistic cohort study." Advances in Dual Diagnosis 8, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/add-10-2014-0036.
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Purpose – People with a history of depression are more likely to smoke and less likely to achieve abstinence from smoking long term. The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors associated with smoking and smoking cessation among patients with depression. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reports on smoking prevalence and cessation in a cohort of 789 primary care attendees with depressive symptoms (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score of=16) recruited from 30 randomly selected Primary Care Practices in Victoria, Australia in 2005. Findings – At baseline, 32 per cent of participants smoked. Smokers were more likely to be male, unmarried, receive government benefits, have difficulty managing on available income, have emphysema, a chronic illness, poor self-rated health, to have more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms, to be taking anti-depressants, to be hazardous drinkers, to report suicidal ideation and to have experienced childhood physical or sexual abuse. At 12 months, 20 participants reported quitting. Females and people with good or better self-rated health were significantly more likely to have quit, while people with a chronic illness or suicidal ideation were less likely to quit. Smoking cessation was not associated with increases in depression or anxiety symptoms. Only six participants remained quit over four years. Practical implications – Rates of smoking were high, and long-term cessation was low among primary care patients with depressive symptoms. Primary care physicians should provide additional monitoring and support to assist smokers with depression quit and remain quit. Originality/value – This is the first naturalistic study of smoking patterns among primary care attendees with depressive symptoms.
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Cosh, Suzanne, Lauren Maksimovic, Kerry Ettridge, David Copley, and Jacqueline A. Bowden. "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander utilisation of the Quitline service for smoking cessation in South Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 19, no. 2 (2013): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11152.
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Smoking prevalence among Indigenous Australians far exceeds that of non-Indigenous Australians and is considered the greatest contributor to burden of disease for Indigenous Australians. The Quitline is a primary intervention for facilitating smoking cessation and, given the health implications of tobacco use, maximising its effectiveness for Indigenous Australians is imperative. However, the utilisation and effectiveness of this service within the Indigenous Australian population has not been examined. This study explores the utilisation of the South Australian Quitline by smokers identifying as Indigenous Australian. Quitline counsellors collected data regarding demographic characteristics, and smoking and quitting behaviour from Quitline callers in 2010. Results indicated that the proportion of Indigenous and non-Indigenous smokers who registered for the service was comparable. Demographic variables and smoking addiction at time of registration with the Quitline were similar for Indigenous and non-Indigenous callers. However, results indicated that Indigenous callers received significantly fewer callbacks than non-Indigenous callers and were significantly less likely to set a quit date. Significantly fewer Indigenous callers reported that they were still successfully quit at 3 months. Thus, Indigenous Australian callers may be less engaged with the Quitline and further research is required exploring whether the service could be tailored to make it more engaging for Indigenous Australians who smoke.
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Mersha, Amanual Getnet, Raglan Maddox, Sian Maidment, Kade Booth, Karl Briscoe, Paul Hussein, Hayley Longbottom, Yael Bar-Zeev, and Michelle Kennedy. "“It Needs a Full-Time Dedicated Person to Do This Job in Our Local Communities with Our Aboriginal Health Services”—Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Workers and Practitioners Perspectives on Supporting Smoking Cessation during Pregnancy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010028.
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Background: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women deserve improved smoking cessation support. Aboriginal health workers (AHW) and practitioners (AHP) can be central to the provision of culturally safe smoking cessation care (SCC). The objective of this study is to explore attitudes and the perceived role of AHWs/AHPs toward providing SCC to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander pregnant women. Method: A mixed-method study using quantitative and qualitative data was conducted among AHW/AHPs in 2021 across Australia. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to characterise AHWs’/AHPs’ attitudes towards SCC and to evaluate the factors associated with perceptions of who is best placed to provide SCC. Results: From the total AHW/AHP workforce, 21.2% (223) completed the survey. Less than half (48.4%) believed that AHW/AHP were best placed to provide SCC for pregnant women. The majority believed that group-based supports (82.5%) and cultural support programs (63.7%) were the best strategies to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander pregnant women to quit smoking. Conclusion: This study highlights the need to enhance SCC offered to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander pregnant women. A targeted workforce dedicated to smoking cessation should be resourced, including funding, standardised training, and ongoing SCC support tailored to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander pregnant women.
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Gould, Gillian S., Andy McEwen, and Joanne Munn. "Jumping the Hurdles for Smoking Cessation in Pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women in Australia." Journal of Smoking Cessation 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jsc.6.1.33.
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AbstractTobacco smoking perpetuates the disadvantages experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for poor maternal and infant outcomes in pregnancy. Over half of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women smoke during pregnancy and few successfully quit. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women face many intrinsic barriers to quitting such as low socioeconomic disadvantage and patterns of use in family networks. There are also several extrinsic hurdles surrounding current practice guidelines and policy that may limit success in reducing smoking rates among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women during pregnancy: the use of the Stages of Change (SOC) model; delay in the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); and the absence of subsidised intermittent NRT. A more proactive approach towards smoking cessation for pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women may be necessary, including moving away from the SOC model approach and subsidised provision of intermittent NRT. Comprehensive programs that take into account the family network and wider social context are also recommended.
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Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Bindu Joseph, and Naima Nimmi. "Electronic Cigarettes or Vaping: Are There Any Differences in the Profiles, Use and Perceptions between a Developed and a Developing Country?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031673.
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The use of electronic cigarettes or vaping is currently increasing in popularity globally. Debate continues regarding their potential role for smoking cessation. We aimed to compare the profiles, use and perceptions of using e-cigarettes amongst online forum users in a developed and a developing country. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among members of different popular online forums in Australia and Bangladesh who were current or ex-users of e-cigarettes. There were 422 study participants, 261 (62%) from Australia and 161 (38%) from Bangladesh. The mean age was 36.3 (±12) years and 83% were men. Australians were more likely to be exclusive users of e-cigarettes (70% vs. 30%, AOR 3.05 [95% CI 1.63–5.71]), but less likely to be dual users of smoking and e-cigarettes (43% vs. 57%, 0.36 [0.19–0.69]); they were also more likely to mention that the perceived reasons for using were their low cost, good taste/flavour, safety and assistance in reducing or quitting smoking (66% vs. 34%, 5.10 [2.04–12.8]), but less likely to mention a social/cool image as a reason for use (23% vs. 77%, 0.11 [0.01–0.87]) compared with Bangladeshi participants. About two-thirds of the participants in both countries perceived the use of e-cigarettes as less addictive than cigarettes and more than three-quarters perceived them as less harmful. E-cigarette users in Australia were more likely to use them to reduce or quit cigarettes compared with those in Bangladesh, and dual use was common in Bangladesh. These findings warrant the consideration of precautions for promoting e-cigarettes as a harm reduction strategy for smoking cessation in developing countries, such as Bangladesh.
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Perlen, Susan, Stephanie J. Brown, and Jane Yelland. "Have Guidelines About Smoking Cessation Support in Pregnancy Changed Practice in Victoria, Australia?" Birth 40, no. 2 (March 25, 2013): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/birt.12036.
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Pettigrew, Simone, Min Jun, Ian Roberts, Kellie Nallaiah, Chris Bullen, and Anthony Rodgers. "The Potential Effectiveness of COVID-Related Smoking Cessation Messages in Three Countries." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 23, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 1254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab023.
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Abstract Introduction Health authorities are advising smokers to quit to reduce their COVID-related risk. The types of messages that may be effective in alerting smokers to this risk and encouraging a quit attempt are unknown. The aim of this study was to test a series of messages to identify potentially effective communication approaches. Methods An online survey was completed by 1509 smokers across three countries (Australia: n = 604; New Zealand: n = 304; United Kingdom: n = 601) in April–May 2020. Respondents were randomly assigned to view just one of four quit messages, two of which explicitly referred to the coronavirus, one referred to risk of chest infection, and one encouraged cessation for financial reasons. Outcome variables included quit intentions, further information seeking, message perceptions, and health and financial concerns. Results All four messages were associated with significant differences in the proportions of respondents intending to quit within the following 2 wk (increase range: 11%–34%) and with substantial proportions of respondents electing to access additional information (range: 37%–50%). The differences in intentions were significantly larger for the two health-related messages that specifically mentioned the coronavirus. All messages were perceived favorably in terms of acceptability, believability, effectiveness, and personal relevance. Negligible differences in health and financial concerns were observed. Conclusions Smokers in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom appear likely to be receptive to messages about their COVID-related risk. Such messages have the potential to increase quit intentions and prompt information-seeking behaviors. Implications The COVID-19 pandemic represents an opportunity to encourage smokers to quit to reduce both their COVID-related risks and their risks of a broad range of noncommunicable diseases.
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Puljević, Cheneal, Dominique de Andrade, Megan Carroll, Matthew J. Spittal, and Stuart A. Kinner. "Use of prescribed smoking cessation pharmacotherapy following release from prison: a prospective data linkage study." Tobacco Control 27, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053743.
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BackgroundA significant proportion of people who cycle through prisons express a desire to quit smoking, yet smoking rates in this population are two to four times higher than in the general community. Smoking cessation pharmacotherapy (SCP) is an important component of evidence-based cessation support, yet no studies have examined use of this pharmacotherapy after release from prison.MethodsWe linked data from a survey of 971 smokers who were within 8 weeks of release from prison in Queensland, Australia, with federal Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) records for the 2 years after release, to identify subsidised use of SCP (varenicline, bupropion and nicotine patches). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to identify independent predictors of SCP use.FindingsAccording to PBS data, 86 participants (8.9%) accessed SCP in the 2 years following release from prison. Participants who were aged 25 years or older (HR 2.51, 95% CI 1.19 to 5.31), employed before prison (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.28), highly nicotine dependent at baseline (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.97) and using non-psychotropic medications in prison (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.24 to 4.22) were more likely to use subsidised SCP during follow-up.ConclusionDespite a very high rate of tobacco use among people cycling through prisons and the very low cost of (subsidised) SCP in Australia, few ex-prisoners obtain pharmaceutical assistance with quitting smoking. Policy attention needs to focus on supporting former prisoners to access SCP, to reduce the high rate of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality in this profoundly marginalised population.
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Young, Jesse T., Cheneal Puljević, Alexander D. Love, Emilia K. Janca, Catherine J. Segan, Donita Baird, Rachel Whiffen, Stan Pappos, Emma Bell, and Stuart A. Kinner. "Staying Quit After Release (SQuARe) trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention to maintain smoking abstinence after release from smoke-free prisons in Victoria, Australia." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e027307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027307.
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IntroductionSmoke-free policies have been introduced in prisons internationally. However, high rates of relapse to smoking after release from prison indicate that these policies typically result in short-term smoking cessation only. These high rates of relapse, combined with a lack of investment in relapse prevention, highlight a missed opportunity to improve the health of a population who smoke tobacco at two to six times the rate of the general population. This paper describes the rationale and design of a randomised controlled trial, testing the effectiveness of a caseworker-delivered intervention promoting smoking cessation among former smokers released from smoke-free prisons in Victoria, Australia.Methods and analysisThe multicomponent, brief intervention consists of behavioural counselling, provision of nicotine spray and referral to Quitline and primary care to promote use of government-subsidised smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. The intervention is embedded in routine service delivery and is administered at three time points: one prerelease and two postrelease from prison. Control group participants will receive usual care. Smoking abstinence will be assessed at 1 and 3 months postrelease, and confirmed with carbon monoxide breath testing. Linkage of participant records to survey and routinely collected administrative data will provide further information on postrelease use of health services and prescribed medication.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Corrections Victoria Research Committee, the Victorian Department of Justice Human Research Ethics Committee, the Department of Human Services External Request Evaluation Committee and the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee. Results will be submitted to major international health-focused journals. In case of success, findings will assist policymakers to implement urgently needed interventions promoting the maintenance of prison-initiated smoking abstinence after release, to reduce the health disparities experienced by this marginalised population.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000072213; Pre-results.
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Metse, Alexandra P., John Wiggers, Paula Wye, Luke Wolfenden, Megan Freund, Richard Clancy, Emily Stockings, et al. "Efficacy of a universal smoking cessation intervention initiated in inpatient psychiatry and continued post-discharge: A randomised controlled trial." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 4 (February 14, 2017): 366–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417692424.
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Objective: Interventions are required to redress the disproportionate tobacco-related health burden experienced by persons with a mental illness. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a universal smoking cessation intervention initiated within an acute psychiatric inpatient setting and continued post-discharge in reducing smoking prevalence and increasing quitting behaviours. Method: A randomised controlled trial was undertaken across four psychiatric inpatient facilities in Australia. Participants ( N = 754) were randomised to receive either usual care ( n = 375) or an intervention comprising a brief motivational interview and self-help material while in hospital, followed by a 4-month pharmacological and psychosocial intervention ( n = 379) upon discharge. Primary outcomes assessed at 6 and 12 months post-discharge were 7-day point prevalence and 1-month prolonged smoking abstinence. A number of secondary smoking-related outcomes were also assessed. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on psychiatric diagnosis, baseline readiness to quit and nicotine dependence. Results: Seven-day point prevalence abstinence was higher for intervention participants (15.8%) than controls (9.3%) at 6 months post-discharge (odds ratio = 1.07, p = 0.04), but not at 12 months (13.4% and 10.0%, respectively; odds ratio = 1.03, p = 0.25). Significant intervention effects were not found on measures of prolonged abstinence at either 6 or 12 months post-discharge. Differential intervention effects for the primary outcomes were not detected for any subgroups. At both 6 and 12 months post-discharge, intervention group participants were significantly more likely to smoke fewer cigarettes per day, have reduced cigarette consumption by ⩾50% and to have made at least one quit attempt, relative to controls. Conclusions: Universal smoking cessation treatment initiated in inpatient psychiatry and continued post-discharge was efficacious in increasing 7-day point prevalence smoking cessation rates and related quitting behaviours at 6 months post-discharge, with sustained effects on quitting behaviour at 12 months. Further research is required to identify strategies for achieving longer term smoking cessation.
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Lum, Alistair, Eliza Skelton, Kristen Louise McCarter, Tonelle Handley, Lucy Judd, and Billie Bonevski. "Smoking cessation interventions for people living in rural and remote areas: a systematic review protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e041011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041011.
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IntroductionSmoking rates among people living in rural and remote areas are higher and quit rates are lower over the past 10 years compared with people living in suburban and urban areas. Higher smoking rates contribute to greater tobacco-related disease and morbidity in rural and remote areas. Physical and social isolation, greater exposure to pro-tobacco marketing, pro-tobacco social norms, and lower socioeconomic and educational levels are contributing to these higher smoking rates and lower quit rates. Smoking cessation interventions for people in rural and remote areas have been conducted, however little is known about their effectiveness or their mechanisms of action as well as the quality of such research. Behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are mechanisms of action derived from behaviour change theory, such as goal setting and reward. Improved understanding of the contribution of BCTs for smoking cessation in the rural and remote population will support future intervention development. We aim to review the literature on smoking cessation interventions for people living in rural and remote areas to inform evidence about intervention effectiveness and mechanisms of action.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review using seven scientific databases (EMBASE, MedLine, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, Informit Health and Scopus). We will include peer-reviewed journal articles published in English that examine a smoking cessation intervention delivered to people living in rural and remote areas in the USA, Canada and Australia. We will examine outcome data relating to intervention effectiveness (eg, point prevalence abstinence or continuous abstinence), as well as the BCTs used in included interventions and their relationship with intervention outcomes. We will also assess the feasibility, acceptability and quality of research interventions of included articles, and provide graded recommendations based on the review outcomes. Data will be synthesised using narrative approaches and interpreted using content analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthics was not required for this systematic review. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and at conferences by presentations.PROSPERO registration number177398.
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Thornton, Louise, Catherine Quinn, Louise Birrell, Ashleigh Guillaumier, Brad Shaw, Erin Forbes, Mark Deady, and Frances Kay-Lambkin. "Free smoking cessation mobile apps available in Australia: a quality review and content analysis." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 41, no. 6 (July 27, 2017): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12688.
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Byaruhanga, Judith, Flora Tzelepis, Christine Paul, John Wiggers, Emma Byrnes, and Christophe Lecathelinais. "Cost Per Participant Recruited From Rural and Remote Areas Into a Smoking Cessation Trial Via Online or Traditional Strategies: Observational Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 11 (November 12, 2019): e14911. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14911.
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Background Rural and remote residents are more likely to smoke than those who live in major cities; however, recruitment of research participants from rural and remote areas can be challenging. The cost per participant recruited from rural and remote areas via online (eg, social media) and traditional strategies (eg, print) has implications for researchers on how to allocate resources to maximize the number of participants recruited. Participant characteristics such as demographics, financial stress, mental health, and smoking-related factors may be associated with recruitment method (ie, online vs traditional), and so it is important to understand whether certain subgroups are more likely to be recruited via a particular strategy. Objective This study aimed to determine the cost per participant recruited and examine whether characteristics such as demographics, financial stress, mental health, and smoking-related factors may be associated with the recruitment method (ie, online vs traditional). Methods Participants were recruited into a randomized trial that provided smoking cessation support. Eligible participants were aged 18 years or older; used tobacco daily; had access to video communication software, internet, and telephone; had an email address; and lived in a rural or remote area of New South Wales, Australia. This study describes the natural (observed) experience of recruiting participants via online and traditional methods into a smoking cessation trial. Results Over 17 months, 655 participants were recruited into the smoking cessation trial. A total of 88.7% (581/655) of the participants were recruited via online methods. Moreover, 1.8% (12/655) of the participants were recruited from remote locations and none from very remote areas. The cost per participant recruited by the various online strategies ranged from Aus $7.29 (US $4.96, £4.09, and €4.43) for Gumtree, a local online classified website, to Aus $128.67 (US $87.63, £72.20, and €78.28) for email. The cost per participant recruited using traditional strategies ranged from Aus $0 (US $0, £0, and €0) for word of mouth to Aus $3990.84 (US $2757.67, £2227.85, and €2477.11) for telephone. Women had greater odds of being recruited via online methods than men (odds ratio 2.50, 95% CI 1.42-4.40). No other characteristics were associated with the recruitment method. Conclusions The cost per participant recruited via online and traditional strategies varied, with the range being smaller for online than traditional recruitment strategies. Women have greater odds of being recruited via online strategies into rural smoking cessation trials. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000514303; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372584&isReview=true
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Flemington, Tara, Gina La Hera-Fuentes, Michelle Bovill, Allison Hart, Jessica Bennett, Nicole M. Ryan, and Gillian Sandra Gould. "Smoking Cessation Messages for Pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women: A Rapid Review of Peer-Reviewed Literature and Assessment of Research Translation of Media Content." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 9341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179341.
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This review summarized literature about knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women from Australia who smoke during pregnancy, then examined the extent that existing health promotion materials and media messages aligned with evidence on smoking cessation for pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of pregnant Aboriginal women who smoke tobacco were identified in the literature. Health promotion campaigns were retrieved from a grey literature search with keywords and social and professional networks. Key themes from peer-reviewed papers were compared against the content of health promotion campaigns using the Aboriginal Social and Emotional Wellbeing Model, the Behavior Change Wheel and thematic analysis. Eleven empirical studies and 17 campaigns were included. Empirical studies highlighted women sought holistic care that incorporated nicotine replacement therapy, engaged with their family and community and the potential for education about smoking cessation to empower a woman. Health promotion campaigns had a strong focus on ‘engagement with family and community’, ‘knowledge of risks of smoking,’ ‘giving up vs cutting down’ and ‘culture in language and arts’. There were similarities and variances in the key themes in the research evidence and promotion materials. Topics highly aligned included risks from smoking and quitting related issues.
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May, Robin, Frances Walker, Simon de Burgh, Roger Bartrop, and Geoffrey H. Tofler. "Pilot Study of an Internet-Based, Simulated Teachable Moment for Smoking Cessation." Journal of Smoking Cessation 14, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2018.32.
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AbstractIntroductionThe internet has the potential to overcome geographic limitations for smoking cessation interventions, but further telehealth-based studies of utility are required.AimsTo investigate the efficacy of an internet-based version of a quit smoking approach using a personalised video to create a simulated teachable moment.MethodsSmokers within Australia were recruited through a dedicated website. After consent, eligible subjects, aged ≥30 years with a non-smoking partner, uploaded pictures of themselves, their partner and family, to be inserted into a video depicting the subject having a heart attack due to smoking, with consequences to them and their family. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) began prior to the quit attempt. The video was shown during two videoconference counselling sessions, with follow-up phone calls and text messaging support. Smoking status at 6 months by self-report (primary endpoint) was verified by partner/proxy and salivary cotinine (NicAlert™).Results/FindingsSeventy seven smokers were screened, of whom 50 were eligible, and 17 of these (34%) were enrolled; 11 men and 6 women, aged 41.5 ± 6.9 years, daily cigarette consumption 20.8 ± 8.9, Heaviness of Smoking Index score 3.7 ± 1.7. Participants reported feeling personally involved with the video (5.9 ± 1.1), which felt real (5.8 ± 1.1) and emotionally moving (5.6 ± 1.5) [7-point Likert Scale]. A similar video response was reported by the four participants (24%), who due to bandwidth limitations, watched the video after the counselling session instead of during it. Non-smoking rates at 6 months were 65% (11/17) by self-report with proxy confirmation, and 47% (8/17) by self-report with biologic confirmation. Three non-smokers by self-report could not provide a valid NicAlert™ result due to current NRT use. One participant who by self-report smoked once in the prior 14-days was assessed as a non-smoker by both proxy and NicAlert™.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates efficacy for an internet-based version of a quit smoking program based on creating a simulated teachable moment. The findings provide support for further research into this technique, with the internet enabling greater reach than face-to-face.
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Mersha, Amanual Getnet, Michelle Kennedy, Parivash Eftekhari, and Gillian Sandra Gould. "Predictors of Adherence to Smoking Cessation Medications among Current and Ex-Smokers in Australia: Findings from a National Cross-Sectional Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 21, 2021): 12225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212225.
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Background: Adherence to smoking cessation medications (SCMs) improve the rate of successful quitting. This study aimed to evaluate the level of adherence to SCMs and associated factors among smokers and ex-smokers in Australia. Method: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Australia. Descriptive statistics were used to present the overall characteristics of participants. Cross-tabulation with Pearson’s chi-square test was performed to evaluate the possible associations between factors. To explore barriers and facilitators of adherence to SCMs, logistic regressions were conducted. Results: Among 201 participants, 57 (28.4%) were found to be adherent to SCMs. The odds of being adherent were found to be higher among participants with good social support (AOR = 3.28, 95% CI of 2.30–6.27). Participants who did not experience anxiety symptoms had higher odds of being adherent to SCMs as compared to smokers who had anxiety symptoms (AOR = 4.41, 95% CI of 3.64–14.68). Having previous experience of using SCMs improved adherence four-fold (AOR = 3.87, 95% CI of 1.11–13.44). Level of nicotine dependence showed a direct association with adherence (AOR = 3.53, 95% CI of 1.40–8.95). Not relapsing while on the medications improved adherence (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI of 1.21–6.88). Conclusion: In a study of smokers and ex-smokers in Australia, the self-reported level of adherence to SCMs was found to be low. Adherence was associated with social, psychological, and medication-related factors. Smoking cessation interventions are recommended to include strategies that can address medication adherence.
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Frazer, Kate, Nancy Bhardwaj, Patricia Fox, Diarmuid Stokes, Vikram Niranjan, Seamus Quinn, Cecily C. Kelleher, and Patricia Fitzpatrick. "Systematic Review of Smoking Cessation Inventions for Smokers Diagnosed with Cancer." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 17010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417010.
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The detrimental impact of smoking on health and wellbeing are irrefutable. Additionally, smoking is associated with the development of cancer, a reduction treatment outcomes and poorer health outcomes. Nevertheless, a significant number of people continue to smoke following a cancer diagnosis. Little is understood of the smoking cessation services provided to smokers with cancer or their engagement with them. This systematic review aimed to identify existing smoking cessation interventions for this cohort diagnosed with breast, head and neck, lung and cervical cancers (linked to risk). Systematic searches of Pubmed, Embase, Psych Info and CINAHL from 1 January 2015 to 15 December 2020 were conducted. Included studies examined the characteristics of smoking cessation interventions and impact on referrals and quit attempts. The impact on healthcare professionals was included if reported. Included studies were restricted to adults with a cancer diagnosis and published in English. No restriction was placed on study designs, and narrative data synthesis was conducted due to heterogeneity. A review protocol was registered on PROSPERO CRD 42020214204, and reporting adheres to PRISMA reporting guidelines. Data were screened, extracted in duplicate and an assessment of the quality of evidence undertaken using Mixed Methods Assessment Tool. 23 studies met the inclusion criteria, representing USA, Canada, England, Lebanon, Australia and including randomized controlled trials (9), observational studies (10), quality improvement (3), and one qualitative study. Hospital and cancer clinics [including a dental clinic] were the settings for all studies. 43% (10/23) of studies reported interventions for smokers diagnosed with head and neck cancer, 13% (3/23) for smokers diagnosed with lung cancer, one study provides evidence for breast cancer, and the remaining nine studies (39%) report on multiple cancers including the ones specified in this review. Methodological quality was variable. There were limited data to identify one optimal intervention for this cohort. Key elements included the timing and frequency of quit conversations, use of electronic records, pharmacotherapy including extended use of varenicline, increased counselling sessions and a service embedded in oncology departments. More studies are required to ensure tailored smoking cessation pathways are co-developed for smokers with a diagnosis of cancer to support this population.
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Havard, Alys, Stephanie K. Y. Choi, Sallie-Anne Pearson, Clara K. Chow, Duong T. Tran, and Kristian B. Filion. "Comparison of Cardiovascular Safety for Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapies in a Population-Based Cohort in Australia." JAMA Network Open 4, no. 11 (November 29, 2021): e2136372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.36372.
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Smith, Andrea L., Simon Chapman, and Sally M. Dunlop. "What do we know about unassisted smoking cessation in Australia? A systematic review, 2005–2012." Tobacco Control 24, no. 1 (September 11, 2013): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051019.
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