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Journal articles on the topic 'SMLC'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Prieto Castillo, Carolina. "Discurso de clausura. XXV Congreso ALAPAC/ML, III Congreso SMLC Chile, XVII Jornada SMLC, Chile 2021." Revista Mexicana de Patología Clínica y Medicina de Laboratorio 67, no. 4 (2020): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35366/99462.

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2

Marx, M., P. Vacha, B. Riis, T. Feyerabend, and E. Richter. "444First practical experience with a simulation-multileafcollimator (SMLC)." Radiotherapy and Oncology 40 (January 1996): S114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(96)80453-1.

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3

Kayacan, Erkan. "Sliding mode learning control of uncertain nonlinear systems with Lyapunov stability analysis." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 1750–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331218788125.

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This paper addresses the Sliding Mode Learning Control (SMLC) of uncertain nonlinear systems with Lyapunov stability analysis. In the control scheme, a conventional control term is used to provide the system stability in compact space while a type-2 neuro-fuzzy controller (T2NFC) learns system behaviour so that the T2NFC completely takes over overall control of the system in a very short time period. The stability of the sliding mode learning algorithm has been proven in the literature; however, it is restrictive for systems without overall system stability. To address this shortcoming, a novel control structure with a novel sliding surface is proposed in this paper, and the stability of the overall system is proven for nth-order uncertain nonlinear systems. To investigate the capability and effectiveness of the proposed learning and control algorithms, the simulation studies have been carried out under noisy conditions. The simulation results confirm that the developed SMLC algorithm can learn the system behaviour in the absence of any mathematical model knowledge and exhibit robust control performance against external disturbances.
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4

Nuha, Hilal H., Nachwan M. Andriansyah, and Asep Mulyana. "Simulasi Penentuan Lokasi Perangkat Bergerak dengan Metode Enhanced Observed Time Difference." Jurnal Eksplora Informatika 9, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30864/eksplora.v9i2.306.

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Sebagai alternatif Global Positioning System (GPS) yang berbasis satelit, jaringan seluler yang tersebar di berbagai daerah bisa digunakan untuk penentuan lokasi seperti Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD) yang merupakah teknik penentuan lokasi menggunakan perangkat seluler seperti Base Transceiver Station (BTS) dan Mobile Station (MS). Sistem EOTD membutuhkan komponen tambahan BTS berupa Location Measurement Unit (LMU) dan Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC). LMU berfungsi memberitahu MS tentang waktu pengiriman sinyal sedangkan SMLC berfungsi sebagai server yang menerima request dari MS dan LMU. Jarak antara MS dan BTS bisa diperkirakan dengan mengalikan selisih waktu dengan kecepatan cahaya. Dengan menggunakan dua buah jarak dari dua buah BTS, maka dua buah hiperbola bisa dibuat dengan titik pusat pada masing-masing koordinat BTS. Posisi dari MS bisa ditentukan dari titik temu dua hiperbola tersebut. Evaluasi teknik penentuan lokasi ini dilakukan dengan simulasi pada berbagai kondisi medan mulai dari kondisi diam dan bergerak dengan kecepatan tertentu dengan frekuensi carrier yang beragam. Sebagai perbandingan, untuk kondisi Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) pada model kanal urban 3GPP, simulasi sistem yang menggunakan laterasi dua buah kurva hiperbola dengan selisih pengukuran maksimum 0.0148 Km yang lebih akurat daripada metode pembanding Estimated-Time of Arrival (ETOA) dengan selisih pengukuran maksimum 0.31858 Km.
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5

Marx, M., P. Vacha, B. Riis, T. Feyerabend, and E. Richter. "413Clinical use of a new simulation-multileaf-collimator (SMLC) in cervical cancer." Radiotherapy and Oncology 40 (January 1996): S106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(96)80422-1.

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6

Shaikh, Mubin, Jay Burmeister, Michael Joiner, Shalini Pandya, Bo Zhao, and Qiang Liu. "Biological effect of different IMRT delivery techniques: SMLC, DMLC, and helical tomotherapy." Medical Physics 37, no. 2 (January 25, 2010): 762–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3284369.

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7

Orozco Rodríguez, Rafael, and Róger Muñoz Hernández. "Efecto de abonos orgánicos en las propiedades químicas del suelo y el rendimiento de la mora (Rubus adenotrichus) en dos zonas agroecológicas de Costa Rica." Revista Tecnología en Marcha 25, no. 1 (May 21, 2012): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/tm.v25i1.173.

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<p>El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar el efecto de dos abonos orgánicos en las propiedades quími- cas del suelo y el rendimiento de plantas de mora (<em>Rubus adenotrichus </em>cv.’Vino’) en dos zonas de Costa Rica.</p> <p>Para ello se establecieron dos experimentos, uno en Buena Vista de Pérez Zeledón (BVPZ) y otro en San Mar tín de León Cor tés (SMLC), ambos en la provin- cia de San José, Costa Rica. La investigación se realizó entre agosto del 2005 y julio del 2008.</p> <p>Se evaluaron tres tratamientos en cada experimen- to: Compost (C) y Lombricompost (L), a razón de 4 kg/planta y 3 kg/planta respectivamente, y un testi- go sin abono (T). La frecuencia de aplicación de los abonos a la siembra se dio a los 6, 12, 18 y 24 meses para un total de 6,6 t/ha para el C y 4,9 t/ha para el L. Se tomaron muestras de suelo a los 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 y 35 meses, después de la siembra para su análisis.</p> <p>Los resultados muestran que, en ambos agro-ecosis- temas, la aplicación del C y L incrementó el pH del suelo, redujo la acidez, incrementó la disponibilidad de Ca, Mg, K, N, y P, y favoreció la capacidad de in- tercambio catiónico efectiva (CICE) y el porcentaje de materia orgánica. No se observó acumulación de Mn, Cu y Zn.</p> <p>En cuanto al rendimiento, en BVPZ solo se encon- traron diferencias significativas (P=0,00188) entre C (1,8 t/ha) y el T (0,9 t/ha); mientras que en SMLC, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas (P&lt;0,05) entre los tratamientos.</p>
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8

FURUE, HIROKAZU, ISA NISHIYAMA, JUN YAMAMOTO, HIROSHI YOKOYAMA, and JUN HATANO. "Molecular Alignment in SmLC Cells Having a Surface Layer with INS Phase Sequence." Ferroelectrics 310, no. 1 (January 2004): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190490510258.

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9

Liu, Qiang, Patrick McDermott, and Jay Burmeister. "Effect of respiratory motion on the delivery of breast radiotherapy using SMLC intensity modulation." Medical Physics 34, no. 1 (December 26, 2006): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2405323.

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10

Neethu, B., and M. M. Ghangrekar. "Electricity generation through a photo sediment microbial fuel cell using algae at the cathode." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 12 (September 11, 2017): 3269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.485.

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Abstract Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) are bio-electrochemical devices generating electricity from redox gradients occurring across the sediment–water interface. Sediment microbial carbon-capture cell (SMCC), a modified SMFC, uses algae grown in the overlying water of sediment and is considered as a promising system for power generation along with algal cultivation. In this study, the performance of SMCC and SMFC was evaluated in terms of power generation, dissolved oxygen variations, sediment organic matter removal and algal growth. SMCC gave a maximum power density of 22.19 mW/m2, which was 3.65 times higher than the SMFC operated under similar conditions. Sediment organic matter removal efficiencies of 77.6 ± 2.1% and 61.0 ± 1.3% were obtained in SMCC and SMFC, respectively. With presence of algae at the cathode, a maximum chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen removal efficiencies of 63.3 ± 2.3% (8th day) and 81.6 ± 1.2% (10th day), respectively, were observed. The system appears to be favorable from a resources utilization perspective as it does not depend on external aeration or membranes and utilizes algae and organic matter present in sediment for power generation. Thus, SMCC has proven its applicability for installation in an existing oxidation pond for sediment remediation, algae growth, carbon conversion and power generation, simultaneously.
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11

Price, Robert A., Scott Murphy, Shawn W. McNeeley, C. M. Charlie Ma, Eric Horwitz, Benjamin Movsas, Adam Raben, and Alan Pollack. "A method for increased dose conformity and segment reduction for SMLC delivered IMRT treatment of the prostate." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 57, no. 3 (November 2003): 843–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(03)00711-9.

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12

Shaikh, M., B. Zhao, J. Burmeister, Q. Liu, S. Pandya, and M. Joiner. "SU-FF-T-503: Biological Effect of Different IMRT Delivery Techniques: SMLC, DMLC and Helical TomoTherapy®." Medical Physics 36, no. 6Part17 (June 2009): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3182001.

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13

Lee, T., I. Rosen, R. Fields, and K. Hogstrom. "SU-FF-T-122: Comparison of Helical Tomotherapy to SMLC IMRT for Treatment of Parotid Gland Tumors." Medical Physics 34, no. 6Part9 (June 2007): 2429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2760780.

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14

Wiedenman, J. L., I. Rivera-Rivera, D. Vyas, G. Tsika, L. Gao, K. Sheriff-Carter, X. Wang, L. Y. Kwan, and R. W. Tsika. "Beta-MHC and SMLC1 transgene induction in overloaded skeletal muscle of transgenic mice." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 270, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): C1111—C1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.4.c1111.

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The hypertrophic responses of white fast-twitch muscle to mechanical overload has been investigated using transgenic mice. After 7 wk of overload, endogenous beta-myosin heavy chain (MHC) and slow myosin light chain 1 and 2 (SMLC1, SMLC2) protein were increased in the overloaded plantaris (OP) muscle compared with sham-operated control plantaris (CP)muscle. Concurrently, the levels of endogenous beta-MHC, SMLC1, SMLC2, and cardiac/slow troponin C (CTnC) mRNA transcripts were significantly increased in OP muscles, whereas skeletal troponin C (sTnC) mRNA transcript levels decreased. As an initial attempt to locate DNA sequence(s) that governs beta-MHC induction in response to mechanical overload, multiple independent transgenic lines harboring four different human beta-MHC transgenes (beta 1286, beta 988, beta 450, beta 141) were generated. Except for transgene beta 141, muscle-specific expression and induction (3- to 22-fold) in OP muscles were observed by measuring chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity (CAT assay). Induction of a SMLC1 transgene (3920SMLC1) in OP muscles was also observed. Collectively, these in vivo data provide evidence that 1) a mechanical overload inducible element(s) is located between nucleotides -450 and +120 of the human beta-MHC transgene, 2) 3,900 bp of 5' sequence is sufficient to confer mechanical overload induction of a SMLC1 transgene, and 3) the increased expression of slow/type I isomyosin (beta-MHC, SMLC1, SMLC2) in response to mechanical overload is regulated, in part, transcriptionally.
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15

Nalichowski, A., P. McDermott, and J. Burmeister. "TU-FF-A1-03: Comparison of Surface Dose Resulting From SMLC and Compensator-Based IMRT for Breast Radiotherapy." Medical Physics 33, no. 6Part18 (June 2006): 2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2241640.

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16

Nepomnaschy, Irene, Adriana Déroche, Christiane Dosne Pasqualini, and Isabel Piazzon. "Maternal influence on the immune response: SMLC reactions between identical and reciprocal F1 hybrids and the role of lactation." Immunology Letters 18, no. 1 (May 1988): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2478(88)90064-8.

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17

Maylem, Excel Rio, Leon Spicer, Isadora Batalha, and Luis Schutz. "PSIV-5 Developmental and hormonal regulation of gene expression of fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and the asprosin receptor, olfactory receptor family 4 subfamily M member 1 (OR4M1), in bovine ovarian cells." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.510.

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Abstract Asprosin is a novel fasting-induced protein associated with insulin resistance and polycystic ovaries in humans. It is encoded by FBN1 gene and produced when FBN1 is cleaved by the enzyme furin. In cattle, the role of asprosin is unknown. To characterize mRNA abundance of FBN1, furin, and the asprosin receptor, OR4M1, in granulosa (GC) and theca cells (TC), and identify hormones regulating FBN1 mRNA expression, GC and TC from small (&lt; 6 mm; SM) and large (&gt;5 mm; LG) follicles were collected from heifers at an abattoir and used for real-time gene expression analysis or in vitro evaluation of hormone regulation. SMTC had 151-fold greater (P &lt; 0.05) FBN1 mRNA abundance than SMGC, and LGTC had 50-fold greater (P &lt; 0.05) FBN1 mRNA than LGGC. In contrast, OR4M1 mRNA abundance was significantly greater (by 81-fold) in SMGC than LGGC and did not differ from SMTC, but LGTC had 9-fold greater (P &lt; 0.05) OR4M1 mRNA abundance than LGGC. Furin mRNA was significantly greater (by 2.6-fold) in SMGC than SMTC but did not differ between LGTC and LGGC. In SMGC, leptin, insulin, GH, FSH, EGF, and steroids had no effect (P &gt;0.10) on FBN1 mRNA abundance. In contrast, TGFB1, WNT3A and FGF9 increased (P &lt; 0.05) and IGF1 significantly decreased SMGC FBN1 mRNA abundance. In LGTC, leptin, insulin, LH, IGF1 and steroids did not significantly affect FBN1 mRNA, but TGFB1, WNT3A, EGF, FGF2 and FGF9 increased (P&lt; 0.05) FBN1 mRNA abundance. Altogether, FBN1 mRNA was more highly expressed in TC than GC and was stimulated by TGFB1, WNT3A and FGF9 in both cell types. Developmental and hormonal regulation of FBN1, furin and OR4M1 along with a greater expression of OR4M1 mRNA in GC than TC suggests that asprosin may be acting as a paracrine regulator of ovarian follicular function in cattle.
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18

Zhu, X. Ronald, Christopher J. Schultz, and Michael T. Gillin. "Planning quality and delivery efficiency of sMLC delivered IMRT treatment of oropharyngeal cancers evaluated by RTOG H-0022 dosimetric criteria." Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.2022.25307.

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Zhu, X. Ronald, Christopher J. Schultz, and Michael T. Gillin. "Planning quality and delivery efficiency of sMLC delivered IMRT treatment of oropharyngeal cancers evaluated by RTOG H-0022 dosimetric criteria." Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 5, no. 4 (September 2004): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v5i4.2014.

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20

Burmeister, Jay, Patrick N. McDermott, Todd Bossenberger, Edgar Ben-Josef, Kenneth Levin, and Jeffrey D. Forman. "Effect of MLC leaf width on the planning and delivery of SMLC IMRT using the CORVUS inverse treatment planning system." Medical Physics 31, no. 12 (November 10, 2004): 3187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.1812607.

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Price, R. A., K. Paskalev, S. McNeeley, and C.-M. Ma. "Elongated beamlets: a simple technique for segment and MU reduction for sMLC IMRT delivery on accelerators utilizing 5 mm leaf widths." Physics in Medicine and Biology 50, no. 19 (September 21, 2005): N235—N242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/19/n01.

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22

Tyagi, N., J. Moran, D. Litzenberg, B. Fraass, and I. Chetty. "TU-C-T-6E-07: Monte Carlo Investigation of Dosimetric Differences Between SMLC and DMLC IMRT Delivery Techniques in Heterogeneous Media." Medical Physics 32, no. 6Part16 (May 26, 2005): 2090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.1998375.

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23

Liu, Q., P. McDermott, and J. Burmeister. "TU-EE-A2-02: Effect of Respiratory Motion On the Delivery of Breast Radiotherapy Using Physical Compensators and SMLC Intensity Modulation." Medical Physics 32, no. 6Part17 (May 26, 2005): 2108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.1998449.

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24

Maylem, Excel Rio S., Leon J. Spicer, Isadora Batalha, and Luis F. Schutz. "Discovery of a possible role of asprosin in ovarian follicular function." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 66, no. 1 (January 2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-20-0218.

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Asprosin is a novel fasting-induced protein encoded by fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene, produced when FBN1 is cleaved by the enzyme furin, and is associated with insulin resistance and polycystic ovarian syndrome in humans. To characterize mRNA abundance of FBN1, FURIN, and the presumed asprosin receptor, olfactory receptor family 4 subfamily M member 1 (OR4M1) in granulosa (GC) and theca cells (TC), and identify hormones regulating FBN1 mRNA expression, GC and TC from small (1–5 mm; SM) and large (>8 mm; LG) follicles were collected from ovaries of heifers obtained at an abattoir and used for real-time PCR gene expression analysis or in vitro evaluation of hormone regulation and asprosin effects. SMTC had 151-fold greater (P < 0.05) FBN1 mRNA abundance than SMGC, and LGTC had 50-fold greater FBN1 mRNA than LGGC. In contrast, OR4M1 mRNA was 81-fold greater in SMGC than LGGC and did not differ from SMTC, but LGTC had 9-fold greater OR4M1 mRNA than LGGC. FURIN mRNA was 2.6-fold greater in SMTC than SMGC, but did not differ among follicular sizes. In cultured TC, leptin, insulin, LH, IGF1 and steroids did not affect FBN1 mRNA, but TGFB1 increased (P < 0.05) FBN1 mRNA by 2.2-fold; EGF and FGFs increased FBN1 mRNA by 1.3- to 1.5-fold. Asprosin enhanced LH-induced TC androstenedione production, reduced IGF1-induced TC proliferation, and had no effect on progesterone production. Developmental regulation of FBN1, FURIN and OR4M1 along with direct effects of asprosin on TC suggests that asprosin may be a novel regulator of ovarian follicular function.
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Liu, Lixin, Meijie Qi, Yujie Liu, Xinzhu Xue, Danni Chen, and Junle Qu. "Super-Resolution Image Reconstruction Based on Single-Molecule Localization Algorithm." Photonics 8, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8070273.

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Fluorescence imaging is an important and efficient tool in cell biology and biomedical research. In order to observe the dynamics of biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins in live cells, it is extremely necessary to surpass the Abbe diffraction limit in microscopic imaging. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a sort of super-resolution imaging technique that can obtain a large number of images of sparse fluorescent molecules by the use of photoswitchable fluorescent probes and single-molecule localization technology. The center positions of fluorescent molecules in the images are precisely located, and then the entire sample pattern is reconstructed with super resolution. In this paper, we present a single-molecule localization algorithm (SMLA) that is based on blind deconvolution and centroid localization (BDCL) method. Single-molecule localization and image reconstruction of 15,000/9990 frames of original images of tubulins are accomplished. In addition, this fluorophore localization algorithm is used to localize high particle-density images. The results show that our BDCL-SMLA method is a reasonable attempt and useful method for SMLM imaging when the imaging system is unknown.
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26

de Vasconcelos, Suyane Maria Luna Cruz, Mary Anne Sampaio de Melo, Joao Paulo Marques Saraiva Wenceslau, Iriana Carla Junqueira Zanin, Haroldo Cesar Pinheiro Beltrao, Carlos Augusto Oliveira Fernandes, Paulo Cesar de Almeida, and Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues. "In situ Assessment of Effects of the Bromide- and Fluoride-incorporating Adhesive Systems on Biofilm and Secondary Caries." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 2 (2014): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1504.

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ABSTRACT Aim This in situ study assessed the effects of adhesive systems containing or not fluoride and/or the antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) on the microbiological composition of dental biofilm and enamel demineralization. Materials and methods During two phases of 14 days, ten volunteers wore intraoral palatal appliances containing two slabs of human enamel according to a double-blind, crossover design. The slabs were randomly restored using a composite resin and one of the following adhesive systems: All-Bond SETM (self-etch, fluoride/MDPB free adhesive, AB) and Clearfil Protect Bond (self-etch containing fluoride and MDPB adhesive, CB). The biofilm formed on the slabs was analyzed with regard to total and mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts. Demineralization represented by integrated area of hardness × lesion depth Delta S (ƒ¢S) was determined on enamel by analysis of cross-sectional microhardness, at 20 and 70 ƒÊm from the restoration margin. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Results No statistically significant difference was found either in enamel demineralization or in the microbiological composition of dental biofilm. Conclusion All adhesive systems containing or not fluoride and/or MDPB tested were unable to inhibit secondary caries in the in situ model used in the present research. How to cite this article de Vasconcelos SMLC, de Melo MAS, Wenceslau JPMS, Zanin ICJ, Beltrao HCP, Fernandes CAO, de Almeida PC, Rodrigues LKA. In situ Assessment of Effects of the Bromide- and Fluoride-Incorporating Adhesive Systems on Biofilm and Secondary Caries. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(2):142-148.
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Tyagi, N., D. Litzenberg, J. Moran, B. Fraass, and I. Chetty. "SU-FF-T-445: Use of the Monte Carlo Method as a Comprehensive Tool for SMLC and DMLC-Based IMRT Delivery and Quality Assurance (QA)." Medical Physics 33, no. 6Part13 (June 2006): 2148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2241364.

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Kira, T., H. Awano, S. Shuto, A. Matsuda, M. Baba, K. Konno, and S. Shigeta. "The FIAU Derivative (2′S)-2′-Deoxy-2′-C-Methyl-5-Iodouridine (SMIU) is a Novel, Less Cytotoxic and Potent anti-HSV and anti-VZV Agent." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 7, no. 4 (August 1996): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632029600700406.

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In this study, the anti-herpetic activities of novel 2′-methyl nucleoside analogues which were substituted at the 5 position of the pyrimidine with a halogen were investigated. The 2′-fluoro-5-iodo-aracytosine (FIAC) congeners (2′S)-2′-deoxy-2′- C-methylcytidine which were substituted with Br or I at the 5 position (SMBC or SMIC); and 2′-fluoro-5-iodo-arauridine (FIAU) congeners (2′S)-2′-deoxy-2′-C-methyluridine which were substituted with Br or I at the 5 position (SMBU or SMIU), proved to have potent antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) but not against herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2). SMIU has a higher selective index against HSV-1 than FIAU, and both SMIC and SMIU showed higher inhibitory effects against VZV replication than aciclovir. The four effective compounds were not inhibitory to a thymidine kinase (TK)-negative HSV-1 strain, and this result indicates that phosphorylation of the compounds by HSV or VZV-TK is necessary for the activation of these compounds.
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Nichols, Jacqueline A., Maria Chiara Perego, Luis F. Schütz, Amber M. Hemple, and Leon J. Spicer. "Hormonal regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) gene expression in granulosa and theca cells of cattle1." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 7 (May 11, 2019): 3034–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz164.

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Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) stimulates angiogenesis and is associated with increased vascularity in ovarian follicles of cattle. The objectives of this study were to investigate the developmental and hormonal regulation of VEGFA expression in ovarian granulosa and theca cells (TC) of cattle. Bovine ovaries were collected from a local slaughterhouse and granulosa cells (GC) and TC were collected from small (SM; 1 to 5 mm) and large (LG; 8 to 20 mm) follicles. Cells were collected fresh or cultured in serum-free medium and treated with various factors that regulate angiogenesis and follicular development. RNA was collected for analysis of VEGFA mRNA abundance via quantitative PCR. In SM-follicle GC (SMGC), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and FSH decreased (P < 0.05) VEGFA mRNA abundance by 30 to 46%, whereas in LG-follicle GC (LGGC), PGE2 and FSH were without effect (P > 0.10). In SMGC, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), and growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) decreased (P < 0.05) VEGFA expression by 30 to 40%. Fibroblast growth factor-9 (FGF9) and estradiol (E2) were without effect (P > 0.10) on VEGFA mRNA in both SMGC and LGGC, whereas progesterone increased (P < 0.05) VEGFA mRNA in LGGC but had no effect in LGTC. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4), LH, and FGF9 increased (P < 0.05) abundance of VEGFA mRNA by 1.5- to 1.9-fold in LGTC. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) was without effect (P > 0.10) on VEGFA mRNA in both TC and GC. An E2F transcription factor inhibitor, HLM0064741 (E2Fi), dramatically (i.e., 8- to 13-fold) stimulated (P < 0.01) the expression of VEGFA mRNA expression in both SMGC and LGTC. Abundance of VEGFA mRNA was greater (P < 0.05) in LGGC and SMGC than in LGTC. Also, SMTC had greater (P < 0.05) abundance of VEGFA mRNA than LGTC. In conclusion, VEGFA mRNA abundance was greater in GC than TC, and VEGFA expression decreased in TC during follicle development. Some treatments either suppressed, stimulated, or had no effect on VEGFA expression depending on the cell type. The inhibition of E2F transcription factors had the greatest stimulatory effect of all treatments evaluated, and thus, E2Fs may play an important role in regulating angiogenesis during follicle growth in cattle.
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Mizutani, Yoichi, Hiroyuki Nakanishi, Kosuke Yamamoto, Yong Nan Li, Hiroki Matsubara, Kazuya Mikami, Koji Okihara, Akihiro Kawauchi, Benjamin Bonavida, and Tsuneharu Miki. "Downregulation of Smac/DIABLO Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Its Prognostic Significance." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 3 (January 20, 2005): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.02.191.

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Purpose Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI (Smac/DIABLO) was recently identified as a protein that is released from mitochondria in response to apoptotic stimuli and promotes apoptosis by antagonizing inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Furthermore, Smac/DIABLO plays an important regulatory role in the sensitization of cancer cells to both immune- and drug-induced apoptosis. However, little is known about the clinical significance of Smac/DIABLO in various cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study examined Smac/DIABLO expression in 78 healthy kidneys and 78 RCCs. Materials and Methods The level of Smac/DIABLO expression was quantified by Western blot analysis using nonfixed fresh frozen tissues. Results The expression of Smac/DIABLO was lower in RCC compared with the autologous normal kidney. Sixty-four (82%) of 78 of RCC expressed Smac/DIABLO, and 18% were negative, whereas 100% of normal kidney tissues were positive. In stage I/II RCC, 96% expressed Smac/DIABLO, whereas only 50% expressed Smac/DIABLO in stage III/IV. Smac/DIABLO expression inversely correlated with the grade of RCC. Patients with RCC expressing Smac/DIABLO had a longer postoperative disease-specific survival than those without Smac/DIABLO expression in the 5-year follow-up. Transfection with Smac/DIABLO cDNA enhanced tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) –mediated and cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity in RCC. Conclusion The present study demonstrates for the first time that Smac/DIABLO expression was downregulated in RCC and that no Smac/DIABLO expression in RCC predicted a worse prognosis. In addition, transfection with Smac/DIABLO sensitized RCC to TRAIL/cisplatin-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that Smac/DIABLO expression in RCC may be used as a prognostic parameter, and that enhancement of Smac/DIABLO expression in RCC may potentiate immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Liu, Peijun, Jining Lu, Wellington V. Cardoso, and Cyrus Vaziri. "The SPARC-related Factor SMOC-2 Promotes Growth Factor-induced Cyclin D1 Expression and DNA Synthesis via Integrin-linked Kinase." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 1 (January 2008): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-05-0510.

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Secreted modular calcium-binding protein-2 (SMOC-2) is a recently-identified SPARC-related protein of unknown function. In mRNA profiling experiments we, found that SMOC-2 expression was elevated in quiescent (G0) mouse fibroblasts and repressed after mitogenic stimulation with serum. The G0-specific expression of SMOC-2 was similar to that of platelet-derived growth factor-β receptor (PDGFβR), a major mitogenic receptor. Therefore, we tested a possible role for SMOC-2 in growth factor-induced cell cycle progression. SMOC-2 overexpression augmented DNA synthesis induced by serum and fibroblast mitogens (including PDGF-BB and basic fibroblast growth factor). Conversely, SMOC-2 ablation by using small interfering RNA attenuated DNA synthesis in response to PDGF-BB and other growth factors. Mitogen-induced expression of cyclin D1 was attenuated in SMOC-2–ablated cells, and cyclin D1-overexpressing cells were resistant to inhibition of mitogenesis after SMOC-2 ablation. Therefore, cyclin D1 is limiting for G1 progression in SMOC-2–deficient cells. SMOC-2 ablation did not inhibit PDGF-induced PDGFβR autophosphorylation or PDGF-BB–dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt kinases, suggesting that SMOC-2 is dispensable for growth factor receptor activation. However, integrin-linked kinase (ILK) activity was reduced in SMOC-2–ablated cells. Ectopic expression of hyperactive ILK corrected the defective mitogenic response of SMOC-2–deficient cells. Therefore, SMOC-2 contributes to cell cycle progression by maintaining ILK activity during G1. These results identify a novel role for SMOC-2 in cell cycle control.
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Mizutani, Yoichi, and Haruhito Azuma. "Prognostic significance of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase expression in bladder cancer and target for therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e15000-e15000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e15000.

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e15000 Background: Although the expression of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac/DIABLO) has been reported in various cancers, little is known about its clinical significance in bladder cancer. The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between progression of disease and Smac/DIABLO expression by clinical pathological analysis of patients with bladder cancer. Methods: The level of Smac/DIABLO expression was quantified by western blot analysis using non-fixed fresh frozen tissues derived from patients with bladder cancer. Results: All normal bladders expressed Smac/DIABLO. However, 64/84 ( 76% ) of bladder cancers expressed Smac/DIABLO and 24% were negative. In Ta and T1 superficial bladder cancers, 98% expressed Smac/DIABLO, whereas only 41% expressed Smac/DIABLO in muscle-invasive bladder cancers. Smac/DIABLO expression inversely correlated with the grade of bladder cancer. Patients with Ta and T1 superficial bladder cancer with higher Smac/DIABLO expression had a longer postoperative recurrence-free period than those with lower Smac/DIABLO expression after transurethral resection in the 5-year follow-up. Patients with invasive bladder cancer expressing Smac/DIABLO had a longer postoperative disease-specific survival than those without Smac/DIABLO expression after radical cystectomy in the 5-year follow-up. The cisplatin-resistant T24 bladder cancer line ( T24/CDDP ) and the adriamycin-resistant T24 line ( T24/ADR ) showed lower level of Smac/DIABLO expression, compared with the T24 parental line. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates for the first time that Smac/DIABLO expression was downregulated in bladder cancer, especially in high grade muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and that lower Smac/DIABLO expression in bladder cancer predicted a worse prognosis. In addition, the cisplatin-resistant T24/CDDP line and the adriamycin-resistant T24/ADR line expressed lower level of Smac/DIABLO expression. These results suggest that Smac/DIABLO expression in bladder cancer may be used as a prognostic parameter, and that low Smac/DIABLO expression in bladder cancer may be associated with resistance to chemotherapy.
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Roberts, Darren L., Wendy Merrison, Marion MacFarlane, and Gerald M. Cohen. "The Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein-Binding Domain of Smac Is Not Essential for Its Proapoptotic Activity." Journal of Cell Biology 153, no. 1 (April 2, 2001): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.153.1.221.

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Smac/DIABLO, a recently identified inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP)-binding protein, is released from the mitochondria during apoptosis and reportedly potentiates apoptosis by relieving the inhibition of IAPs on caspases. We now describe the molecular characterization of Smac β, an alternatively spliced form of Smac, which lacks the mitochondrial-targeting sequence found in Smac and has a cortical distribution in both human embryonic kidney 293 and breast epithelial tumor MCF-7 cells. Smac β, which binds IAPs in vitro, does not bind IAPs in intact cells due to cellular processing and removal of its NH2-terminal IAP-binding domain. Despite its inability to interact with IAPs in cells, processed Smac β is proapoptotic, as demonstrated by its ability to potentiate apoptosis induced by both death receptor and chemical stimuli. Furthermore, expression of a NH2-terminally truncated Smac mutant (Δ75), which lacks the entire IAP-interacting domain, potentiates apoptosis to the same extent as Smac and Smac β. Our data support the hypothesis that the main proapoptotic function of Smac and Smac β is due to a mechanism other than IAP binding.
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Okada, Hitoshi, Woong-Kyung Suh, Jianping Jin, Minna Woo, Chunying Du, Andrew Elia, Gordon S. Duncan, et al. "Generation and Characterization of Smac/DIABLO-Deficient Mice." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 10 (May 15, 2002): 3509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.10.3509-3517.2002.

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ABSTRACT The mitochondrial proapoptotic protein Smac/DIABLO has recently been shown to potentiate apoptosis by counteracting the antiapoptotic function of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). In response to apoptotic stimuli, Smac is released into the cytosol and promotes caspase activation by binding to IAPs, thereby blocking their function. These observations have suggested that Smac is a new regulator of apoptosis. To better understand the physiological function of Smac in normal cells, we generated Smac-deficient (Smac−/− ) mice by using homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Smac−/− mice were viable, grew, and matured normally and did not show any histological abnormalities. Although the cleavage in vitro of procaspase-3 was inhibited in lysates of Smac−/− cells, all types of cultured Smac−/− cells tested responded normally to all apoptotic stimuli applied. There were also no detectable differences in Fas-mediated apoptosis in the liver in vivo. Our data strongly suggest the existence of a redundant molecule or molecules capable of compensating for a loss of Smac function.
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Koohang, Alex, Joanna Paliszkiewicz, and Jerzy Goluchowski. "Social media privacy concerns: trusting beliefs and risk beliefs." Industrial Management & Data Systems 118, no. 6 (July 9, 2018): 1209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-12-2017-0558.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to build a research model that examines social media privacy concerns (SMPC) in relation to users’ trusting beliefs and risk beliefs. Design/methodology/approach An instrument with eight constructs (SMPC: collection, SMPC: secondary usage, SMPC: errors, SMPC: improper access, SMPC: control, SMPC: awareness, trusting beliefs and risk beliefs) was developed and administered to subjects from a mid-sized university in the USA. Collected data were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling. Findings The results showed that three of the six SMPC (i.e. secondary usage, improper access and awareness) were negatively and significantly associated with users’ trusting beliefs. In addition, three of the six SMPC (i.e. collection, errors and improper access) were positively and significantly associated with users’ risk beliefs. Practical implications Practical implications were aimed at the social media sites to design simple and straightforward privacy policy statements that are easy to understand; to safeguard users’ online privacy behaviors; and to develop mechanisms to protect personal information. Originality/value This study enhances the literature by contributing to a generalized knowledge of SMPC of users as they relate to their trusting beliefs and risk beliefs.
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Giagkousiklidis, Stavros, Hubert Kasperczyk, Meike Vogler, Klaus-Michael Debatin, and Simone Fulda. "Sensitization for γ-Irradiation-Induced Apoptosis by Smac." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 3392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3392.3392.

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Abstract Smac is released from mitochondria during the onset of apoptosis and promotes apoptosis via abrogating the binding of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) to caspases. γ-irradiation is one of the most commonly used therapeutic approaches in clinical oncology, which triggers cell death in tumors via DNA and/or membrane damage. Since we recently found that Smac agonists sensitized even resistant tumors for apoptosis induced by death receptor ligation or anticancer drugs, we investigated the effect of Smac agonists on apoptosis following γ-irradiation in the present study. Here, we report for the first time that overexpression of mitochondrial or cytosolic Smac significantly increased radiosensitivity of various cancers. Transfection-enforced expression of Smac strongly enhanced apoptosis upon γ-irradiation in SH-EP neuroblastoma cells, which were resistant to g-irradiation in the absence of Smac. Importantly, Smac overexpression also reduced clonogenic tumor cell survival following γ-irradiation. Analysis of signaling pathways revealed that overexpression of Smac resulted in more rapid and more potent activation of caspase pathways, e.g caspase-2, -3,- 8, -9. The broad range caspase inhibitor zVAD.fmk abrogated apoptosis upon γ-irradiation indicating that apoptosis was mediated by caspases. In addition, overexpression of Smac promoted loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release upon γ-irradiation. Interestingly, γ-irradiation-induced mitochondrial perturbations were blocked in the presence of the caspase inhibitor zVAD.fmk suggesting that caspase activity was required for mitochondrial alterations in response to γ-irradiation. Notably, cell cycle alterations and activation of NF-κB occured in a similar manner in vector control and Smac-transfected cells suggesting that Smac did not significantly alter the initial cellular stress response upon γ-irradiation. Importantly, Smac overexpression sensitized various tumor cell lines for γ-irradiation-induced apoptosis, indicating that the sensitization effect of Smac for γ-irradiation was not restricted to a particular cell type. By demonstrating that Smac can sensitize various tumor cells towards γ-irradiation-induced cell death, our findings provide for the first time evidence that Smac agonists may be a useful tool to enhance radiosensitivity in a variety of human cancers.
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Ali, Rafat, Shalini Singh, and Wahajul Haq. "IAP Proteins Antagonist: An Introduction and Chemistry of Smac Mimetics under Clinical Development." Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 31 (October 16, 2018): 3768–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180313112229.

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Background: Smac mimetics (also known as IAP antagonist) are a new class of targeted drugs having a goal to suppress the IAPs, reestablishing the apoptotic pathways and inducing cancer cell death. Therefore, development of Smac mimetics was considered an attractive strategy for the development of new anticancer drugs. Lots of reviews have come in yesteryears which mainly discussed the biology of IAPs and their role in cancer development. None of these reviews focused on the chemical synthesis of Smac mimetics. Methods: Literature study was done by using standard bibliographic search engines like scifinder, pubmed etc. The characteristic features of screened articles were described in the review. Results: The review gives an introduction of IAP proteins and Smac mimetics. Readers will gain an overview of the development of Smac mimetics with representative examples of both monovalent and bivalent Smac mimetics as anticancer agents and an understanding of their structure-activity relationships. Chemical synthesis of biologically important Smac mimetics was discussed briefly in this review. Conclusion: Small molecules that mimic Smac are continuously progressing towards clinical development. Smac mimetics are generally well tolerated and have demonstrated rapid suppression of their target (the IAPs), activation of apoptosis and anti-tumor activity. Continuous research has been done to generate even more insight into the function of IAP proteins to significantly enhance the therapeutical potential of Smac mimetics.
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Brock, D. A., G. Buczynski, T. P. Spann, S. A. Wood, J. Cardelli, and R. H. Gomer. "A Dictystelium mutant with defective aggregate size determination." Development 122, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): 2569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.9.2569.

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Starved Dictyostelium cells aggregate into groups of roughly 10(5) cells. We have identified a gene which, when repressed by antisense transformation or homologous recombination, causes starved cells to form large numbers of small aggregates. We call the gene smlA for small aggregates. A roughly 1.0 kb smlA mRNA is expressed in vegetative and early developing cells, and the mRNA level then decreases at about 10 hours of development. The sequence of the cDNA and the derived amino acid sequence of the SmlA protein show no significant similarity to any known sequence. There are no obvious motifs in the protein or large regions of hydrophobicity or charge. Immunofluorescence and staining of Western blots of cell fractions indicates that SmlA is a 35x10(3) Mr cytosolic protein present in all vegetative and developing cells and is absent from smlA cells. The absence of SmlA does not affect the growth rate, cell cycle, motility, differentiation, or developmental speed of cells. Synergy experiments indicate that mixing 5% smlA cells with wild-type cells will cause the wild-type cells to form smaller fruiting bodies and aggregates. Although there is no detectable SmlA protein secreted from cells, starvation medium conditioned by smlA cells will cause wild-type cells to form large numbers of small aggregates. The component in the smlA-conditioned media that affects aggregate size is a molecule with a molecular mass greater than 100x10(3) Mr that is not conditioned media factor, phosphodiesterase or the phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The data thus suggest that the cytosolic protein SmlA regulates the secretion or processing of a secreted factor that regulates aggregate size.
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39

Stefansson, Gunnar, and Jamie Lentin. "From Smileys to Smileycoins: Using a Cryptocurrency in Education." Ledger 2 (December 18, 2017): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ledger.2017.103.

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This paper describes a cryptocurrency to reward students for their studies. The currency bears the apt name Smileycoin or SMLY and is used within the tutor-web online learning platform. In order to make the SMLY attractive to students several approaches have been used, including support from companies whose services can be purchased for SMLY. The paper describes the use of the SMLY as a reward mechanism in a large undergraduate calculus course, including student adoption, student use of SMLY, coinbase use for education in low-income areas, and response to abuse.
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40

Gaylord, Graham, S. Kathleen Bailey, and John M. Haggarty. "Introducing Shared Mental Health Care in Northwestern Ontario: An Analysis of Changing Referral Patterns of Primary Care Providers." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 34, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2015-020.

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This study describes a shared mental health care (SMHC) model introduced in Northern Ontario and examines how its introduction affected primary care provider (PCP) mental health referral patterns. A chart review examined referrals (N = 4,600) from 5 PCP sites to 5 outpatient community mental health services from January 2001 to December 2005. PCPs with access to SMHC made significantly more mental health referrals (p < 0.001). Two demographically similar PCPs were then compared, one co-located with SMHC. Referrals for depression to non-SMHC mental health services were 1.69 times more likely to be from the PCP not co-located with SMHC (p < 0.001). Findings suggest SMHC increases access to care and decreases demand on existing mental health services.
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Chang, Yung-Chieh, and Chun Hei Antonio Cheung. "An Updated Review of Smac Mimetics, LCL161, Birinapant, and GDC-0152 in Cancer Treatment." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010335.

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Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are suggested as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Smac/DIABLO is a natural IAP antagonist in cells; therefore, Smac mimetics have been developed for cancer treatment in the past decade. In this article, we review the anti-cancer potency and novel molecular targets of LCL161, birinapant, and GDC-0152. Preclinical studies demonstrated that Smac mimetics not only induce apoptosis but also arrest cell cycle, induce necroptosis, and induce immune storm in vitro and in vivo. The safety and tolerance of Smac mimetics are evaluated in phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials. In addition, the combination of Smac mimetics and chemotherapeutic compounds was reported to improve anti-cancer effects. Interestingly, the novel anti-cancer molecular mechanism of action of Smac mimetics was reported in recent studies, suggesting that many unknown functions of Smac mimetics still need to be revealed. Exploring these currently unknown signaling pathways is important to provide hints for the modification and combination therapy of further compounds.
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Zhao, Xiaolan, Bilyana Georgieva, Andrei Chabes, Vladimir Domkin, Johannes H. Ippel, Jürgen Schleucher, Sybren Wijmenga, Lars Thelander, and Rodney Rothstein. "Mutational and Structural Analyses of the Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor Sml1 Define Its Rnr1 Interaction Domain Whose Inactivation Allows Suppression of mec1 andrad53 Lethality." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 23 (December 1, 2000): 9076–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.23.9076-9083.2000.

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ABSTRACT In budding yeast, MEC1 and RAD53 are essential for cell growth. Previously we reported that mec1or rad53 lethality is suppressed by removal of Sml1, a protein that binds to the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (Rnr1) and inhibits RNR activity. To understand further the relationship between this suppression and the Sml1-Rnr1 interaction, we randomly mutagenized the SML1 open reading frame. Seven mutations were identified that did not affect protein expression levels but relieved mec1 and rad53inviability. Interestingly, all seven mutations abolish the Sml1 interaction with Rnr1, suggesting that this interaction causes the lethality observed in mec1 and rad53strains. The mutant residues all cluster within the 33 C-terminal amino acids of the 104-amino-acid-long Sml1 protein. Four of these residues reside within an alpha-helical structure that was revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Moreover, deletions encompassing the N-terminal half of Sml1 do not interfere with its RNR inhibitory activity. Finally, the seven sml1 mutations also disrupt the interaction with yeast Rnr3 and human R1, suggesting a conserved binding mechanism between Sml1 and the large subunit of RNR from different species.
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Espinosa, Magali, Floria Lizárraga, Karla Vázquez-Santillán, Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda, Patricia Piña-Sánchez, Javier Torres, Román A. García-Ramírez, Vilma Maldonado, Jorge Melendez-Zajgla, and Gisela Ceballos-Cancino. "Coexpression of Smac/DIABLO and Estrogen Receptor in breast cancer." Cancer Biomarkers 30, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 429–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/cbm-200535.

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BACKGROUND: Smac/DIABLO is a proapoptotic protein deregulated in breast cancer, with a controversial role as a tumor marker, possibly due to a lack of correlative mRNA and protein analyses. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of Smac/DIABLO gene and protein levels with clinical variables in breast cancer patients. METHODS: Smac/DIABLO mRNA expression was analyzed by qPCR in 57 frozen tissues, whereas protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 82 paraffin-embedded tissues. Survivin mRNA levels were also measured. In vitro assays were performed to investigate possible regulators of Smac/DIABLO. RESULTS: Higher levels of Smac/DIABLO mRNA and protein were found in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive samples (p= 0.0054 and p= 0.0043, respectively) in comparison to ER-negative tumors. A negligible positive association was found between Smac/DIABLO and survivin expression. In vitro assays showed that Smac/DIABLO is not regulated by ER and, conversely, it does not participate in ER expression modulation. CONCLUSIONS: mRNA and protein levels of Smac/DIABLO were increased in ER-positive breast tumors in comparison with ER-negative samples, although the mechanism of this regulation is still unknown. Public databases showed a possible clinical relevance for this association.
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Chang, Yeonho, Do-Hyeon Kim, Kai Zhou, Min Gyu Jeong, Soyeon Park, Yonghoon Kwon, Triet Minh Hong, Jungeun Noh, and Sung Ho Ryu. "Improved resolution in single-molecule localization microscopy using QD-PAINT." Experimental & Molecular Medicine 53, no. 3 (March 2021): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-021-00572-4.

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AbstractSingle-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has allowed the observation of various molecular structures in cells beyond the diffraction limit using organic dyes. In principle, the SMLM resolution depends on the precision of photoswitching fluorophore localization, which is inversely correlated with the square root of the number of photons released from the individual fluorophores. Thus, increasing the photon number by using highly bright fluorophores, such as quantum dots (QDs), can theoretically fundamentally overcome the current resolution limit of SMLM. However, the use of QDs in SMLM has been challenging because QDs have no photoswitching property, which is essential for SMLM, and they exhibit nonspecificity and multivalency, which complicate their use in fluorescence imaging. Here, we present a method to utilize QDs in SMLM to surpass the resolution limit of the current SMLM utilizing organic dyes. We confer monovalency, specificity, and photoswitchability on QDs by steric exclusion via passivation and ligand exchange with ptDNA, PEG, and casein as well as by DNA point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (DNA-PAINT) via automatic thermally driven hybridization between target-bound docking and dye-bound complementary imager strands. QDs are made monovalent and photoswitchable to enable SMLM and show substantially better photophysical properties than Cy3, with higher fluorescence intensity and an improved resolution factor. QD-PAINT displays improved spatial resolution with a narrower full width at half maximum (FWHM) than DNA-PAINT with Cy3. In summary, QD-PAINT shows great promise as a next-generation SMLM method for overcoming the limited resolution of the current SMLM.
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Miao, Wang, Wu Qiuji, Song Congkuan, Liu Yixin, Wang Xulong, Zhang Boyu, Qin Guizhen, Zhang Jun, and Wei Yongchang. "Small cell carcinoma as an independent prognostic factor for cervical cancer patients: a population-based analysis." Future Oncology 17, no. 24 (August 2021): 3175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2020-1081.

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Aim: To compare cervical small cell carcinoma (SmCC) with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patient characteristics and survival outcomes. Methods: Cervical SmCC and SCC patients in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2015 were enrolled. Propensity-score matching analysis (PSM) paired subjects with similar background variables. Cox regression, Kaplan–Meier and stratified analyses were conducted before and after PSM. Results: Cervical SmCC patients showed a higher rate of larger tumor size, advanced grade disease, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis (p < 0.001). Before and after PSM, SmCC histology and advanced Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages (p < 0.001) were principal prognostic factors of survival, and cervical SmCC was associated with worse survival in all stages (stage I–IV). Conclusion: SmCC was an independent poor prognostic factor in cervical cancer patients.
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Chaiyakit, Pruk, Ittiwat Onklin, and Weeranate Ampunpong. "Result of posteromedial capsule and superficial medial collateral ligament release on gap and alignment in total knee arthroplasty in varusknee deformity by computer assisted surgery measurement: a retrospective stud." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 5_suppl5 (May 1, 2020): 2325967120S0006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00063.

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Soft tissue release and gap balancing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are important issue and lack of conclusive result. We performed posteromedial capsule (PMC) and superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) release by preservation of anterior attachment of pes anserine. Gaps and alignment were recorded by computer assisted surgery measurement. Results: T: The mean correction of varus deformity after PMC release and sMCL release were 4.88 ± 2.82° and 3.39 ± 1.7 respectively with the mean FC after PMC and sMCL release correction of 5.57 ± 3.5 and 1.34 ± 2.9° respectively. The mean medial gap changes on full extension after PMC and sMCL release was 1.83 ± 1.39 and 1.67 ± 1.04 mm. respectively with the mean medial gaps at 90 degree flexion after PMC and sMCL release changes of 0.73 ± 0.9 and 5.14 ± 2.11 mm. respectively. The mean lateral gap changes on extension after PMC and sMCL release were -1.3 ± 1.83 and -1.1 ± 1.6 mm. respectively with the mean lateral gaps at 90 degree flexion after PMC and sMCL release changes of -0.19 ± 1.03 and 0.06 ± 1.75 mm. here were 21 patients (16 female and 5 male) with mean age of 68 (48-78) years. The mean body mass index was 28.49 (20.70 – 39.95) kg/m2. The mean preoperative hip-knee-ankle angle was varus 8.12 (3.5-16.0) degrees with mean flexion contracture of 11.3 (3.5-16.0) degrees. Sixteen knees were implanted with Fixed bearing knee prosthesis and five knees were implanted with Mobile bearing knee prosthesis (Table.1). We performed PMC release in all patients, and combined PMC and sMCL release in fourteen patients. The mean correction of varus deformity after PM release and sMCL release were 4.88 ± 2.82 and 3.39 ± 1.7 degrees respectively. While the mean correction of flexion contracture after PMC release and sMCL release were 5.57 ± 3.5 and 1.34 ± 2.9 degrees respectively (Fig.8). The mean medial gaps change on extension after PMC and sMCL release were 1.83 ± 1.39 and 1.67 ± 1.04 mm. respectively. The mean medial gaps change at 90 degree flexion after PMC and sMCL release were 0.73 ± 0.9 and 5.14 ± 2.11 mm. respectively (Fig.9). The mean lateral gaps change on extension after PMC and sMCL release were 1.3 ± 1.83 and -1.1 ± 1.6 mm. respectively. The mean lateral gaps change at 90 degree flexion after PMC and sMCL release were -0.19 ± 1.03 and 0.06 ± 1.75 mm. (Fig.9). There is no instability of knee after PMC and sMCL release. Materials and Methods: Twenty one patient had been operated on. TKA with computer assisted surgery was performed using PMC and sMCL release by preservation of anterior attachment of pes anserine. Alignment, medial and lateral gaps were measured by computer assisted surgery. The mean age was 68 (48-78) years with the mean preoperative hip-kneeankle angle of 8.12 (3.5-16.0) degrees and the mean flexion contracture (FC) of 11.3 (3.516.0) degrees. Conclusion: We believe that sMCL release with preservation of anterior attachment of pes anserinus in total knee arthroplasty has additional effect on varus knee correction after PMC release without creation of knee instability.
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47

Merriam, Laura A., Fabiana S. Scornik, and Rodney L. Parsons. "Ca2+-Induced Ca2+ Release Activates Spontaneous Miniature Outward Currents (SMOCs) in Parasympathetic Cardiac Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 2 (August 1, 1999): 540–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.2.540.

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Mudpuppy parasympathetic cardiac neurons exhibit spontaneous miniature outward currents (SMOCs) that are thought to be due to the activation of clusters of large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK channels) by localized release of Ca2+ from internal stores close to the plasma membrane. Perforated-patch whole cell recordings were used to determine whether Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) is involved in SMOC generation. We confirmed that BK channels are involved by showing that SMOCs are inhibited by 100 nM iberiotoxin or 500 μM tetraethylammonium (TEA), but not by 100 nM apamin. SMOC frequency is decreased in solutions that contain 0 Ca2+/3.6 mM Mg2+, and also in the presence of 1 μM nifedipine and 3 μM ω-conotoxin GVIA, suggesting that SMOC activation is dependent on calcium influx. However, Ca2+ influx alone is not sufficient; SMOC activation is also dependent on Ca2+release from the caffeine- and ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+store, because exposure to 2 mM caffeine consistently caused an increase in SMOC frequency, and 10–100 μM ryanodine altered the configuration of SMOCs and eventually inhibited SMOC activity. Depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by the Ca-ATPase inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid (10 μM) inhibited SMOC activity, even when Ca2+ influx was not compromised. We also tested the effects of the membrane-permeable Ca2+ chelators, bis-( o-aminophenoxy)- N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid-AM (BAPTA-AM) and EGTA-AM. EGTA-AM (10 μM) caused no inhibition of SMOC activation, whereas 10 μM BAPTA-AM consistently inhibited SMOCs. After SMOCs were completely inhibited by BAPTA, 3 mM caffeine caused SMOC activity to resume. This effect was reversible on removal of caffeine and suggests that the source of Ca2+ that triggers the internal Ca2+ release channel is different from the source of Ca2+ that activates clusters of BK channels. We propose that influx of Ca2+ through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels is required for SMOC generation, but that the influx of Ca2+ triggers CICR from intracellular stores, which then activates the BK channels responsible for SMOC generation.
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48

Guo, Fei, Ramadevi Nimmanapalli, Shanthi Paranawithana, Sylvie Wittman, David Griffin, Purva Bali, Erica O'Bryan, Carlos Fumero, Hong Gang Wang, and Kapil Bhalla. "Ectopic overexpression of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac/DIABLO) or cotreatment with N-terminus of Smac/DIABLO peptide potentiates epothilone B derivative–(BMS 247550) and Apo-2L/TRAIL–induced apoptosis." Blood 99, no. 9 (May 1, 2002): 3419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v99.9.3419.

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Abstract Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac)/DIABLO is a mitochondrial protein that is released into the cytosol along with cytochrome c (cyt c) during the execution of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Smac/DIABLO promotes apoptosis by neutralizing the inhibitory effect of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins on the processing and activities of the effector caspases. Present studies demonstrate that, upon engagement of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, epothilone (Epo) B derivative BMS 247550, a novel nontaxane antimicrotubule agent, as well as the death ligand Apo-2L/TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-α–related apoptosis-inducing ligand) induce the mitochondrial release and cytosolic accumulation of Smac/DIABLO, along with cyt c, in human acute leukemia Jurkat T cells. While it had no activity alone, ectopic overexpression of Smac/DIABLO or treatment with the N-terminus heptapeptide (Smac-7) or tetrapeptide (Smac-4) of Smac/DIABLO significantly increased Epo B– or Apo-2L/TRAIL–induced processing and PARP cleavage activity of caspase-3. This produced a significant increase in apoptosis of Jurkat cells (P &lt; .05). Increased apoptosis was also associated with the down-regulation of XIAP, cIAP1, and survivin. Along with the increased activity of caspase-3, ectopic overexpression of Smac/DIABLO or cotreatment with Smac-4 also increased Epo B– or Apo-2L/TRAIL–induced processing of caspase-8 and Bid, resulting in enhanced cytosolic accumulation of cyt c. This was not due to increased assembly and activity of Apo-2L/TRAIL–induced DISC (death-inducing signaling complex) but dependent on the feedback activity of caspase-3. These findings demonstrate that cotreatment with the N-terminus Smac/DIABLO peptide is an effective strategy to enhance apoptosis triggered by the death receptor or mitochondrial pathway and may improve the antitumor activity of Apo-2L/TRAIL and Epo B.
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49

Yin, Tao, Xiao Min Cai, Lin Su, Ling Wang, Fei Rong, Chun Wei Yuan, and De Gang Fu. "Lake Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell Generate Electricity and Power Wireless Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 773 (September 2013): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.74.

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Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) can generate electricity without maintenance in the field. SMFC is considered as an alternative renewable and sustainable power source. Though the SMFC is very appealing energy source, it presents certain challenges for real applications. Its output voltage and current are very low and its output voltage cant be increased by stacking several SMFCs in series in an open water body such as the lake. In this research, we construct and simulate a field SMFC with sediment from Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing, China. Open-circuit voltage of the SMFC is 750 mV and the maximal power density is 7.8 mW/m2. A custom-designed power management system (PMS) is developed to harvest energy from SMFC and boost the output power that can drive a wireless sensor. With the PMS, wireless sensor can utilize the harvested energy from SMFC and transmit data to computer without additional power source.
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50

Li, Zhen, Michelle Annett, Ken Hinckley, and Daniel Wigdor. "SMAC." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3, EICS (June 13, 2019): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3300961.

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