Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Smithsonian Environmental Research Center'
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1
van, der Heijden Anna M. H. "Creating an Environmental Education Website at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1019050512.
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Kim, Seonhee. "Bridging the gap Center for Environmental Research and Sustainablility [sic] in DMZ, Korea /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2169.
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Thesis (M. Arch.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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ZHU, XIANGDONG. "WAVELET-BASED SIGNAL ANALYSIS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085064472.
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Bausmith, Gwendolyn J. "Ripple Effect: A Video Practicum for the Watershed Education and Research Center at Acton Lake." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1343138093.
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Wang, Hai Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Approximating the performance of a last mile transportation system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78148.
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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 113).
The Last Mile Problem (LMP) refers to the provision of travel service from the nearest public transportation node to a home or office. We study the supply side of this problem in a stochastic setting, with batch demands resulting from the arrival of groups of passengers at rail stations or bus stops who request last-mile service. Closed-form bounds and approximations are derived for the performance of Last Mile Transportations Systems as a function of the fundamental design parameters of such systems. An initial set of results is obtained for the case in which a fleet of vehicles of unit-capacity provides the Last Mile service and each delivery route consists of a simple round-trip between the rail station and bus stop and the single passenger's destination. These results are then extended to the general case in which the capacity of a vehicle is an arbitrary, but typically small (under 10) number. It is shown through comparisons with simulation results, that a particular strict upper bound and an approximate upper bound, both derived under similar assumptions, perform consistently and remarkably well for the entire spectrum of input values and conditions simulated. These expressions can therefore be used for the preliminary planning and design of Last Mile Transportation Systems, especially for determining approximately resource requirements, such as the number of vehicles/servers needed to achieve some pre-specified level of service.
by Hai Wang.
S.M.
S.M.in Transportation
6
El, Alj Yasmine 1978. "Estimating the true extent of air traffic delays." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29577.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 129).
Most air traffic delay measures assess delays relative to schedule. Over the past decades, however, airline schedules have been adjusted to take into account airspace congestion and yield better on-time performance. In that context, delay measures that are using scheduled times as a benchmark are of very limited use in assessing airport and airspace system congestion, since delay has already been built into the schedule. The primary goal of this thesis is to develop a measure that will estimate "true" delays that are not sensitive to schedule adjustments. In order to calculate "true" delays, we compute the difference between the actual gate-to-gate time and a theoretical benchmark, the "baseline". The baseline time to be used is O-D specific and is defined here as the gate-to-gate time from origin to destination under optimal (non-congested) conditions. We choose the fifteenth percentile of reported statistics on gate-to-gate time as an estimator of the baseline. We then compute baseline times for 618 major O-D pairs. Using the baseline times, we compute "true delays" on these 618 O-D pairs and observe that they are about 40% to 60% larger than delays relative to schedule. We also develop two methods to attribute O-D delays to the origin and destination airports. Using these methods, we determine that airports incurred about 5 to 13 minutes of delay per operation in 2000, depending on the airport under consideration. Airport rankings according to "true" delays are compared to airport rankings obtained from OPSNET delay statistics. The comparison suggests that, although OPSNET statistics underestimate the magnitude of delays, they yield very comparable airport rankings and can therefore be used to rank airports with respect to congestion. Finally, we change perspective and look at the development of probabilistic models for designing flight schedules that minimize delays relative to schedule. We use the simple case of an airline scheduling an aircraft for a round trip to illustrate the complexities and uncertainties associated with optimal scheduling.
by Yasmine E. Alj.
S.M.
7
Agbokou, Claudine Biova 1979. "Robust airline schedule planning : review and development of optimization approaches." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30143.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Operations Research Center, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-89).
Major airlines aim to generate schedules that maximize profit potential and satisfy constraints involving flight schedule design, fleet assignment, aircraft maintenance routing and crew scheduling. Almost all aircraft and crew schedule optimization models assume that flights, aircraft, crews, and passengers operate as planned. Thus, airlines typically construct plans that maximize revenue or minimize cost based on the assumption that every flight departs and arrives as planned. Because flight delays and cancellations result from numerous causes, including severe weather conditions, unexpected aircraft and crew failures, and congestion at the airport and in the airspace, this deterministic, optimistic scenario rarely, if ever, occurs. In fact, schedule plans are frequently disrupted and airlines often incur significant costs in addition to those originally planned. To address this issue, an approach is to design schedules that are robust to schedule disruptions and attempt to minimize realized, and not planned, costs. In this research, we review recovery approaches and robustness criteria in the context of airline schedule planning. We suggest new approaches for designing fleet assignments that facilitate recovery operations, and we present models to generate plans that allow for more robust crew operations, based on the idea of critical crew connections. We also examine the impact on robustness of new scheduling practices to debank hub airports.
by Claudine Biova Agbokou.
S.M.
8
Borjian, Boroujeni Setareh. "Optimization of yard operations in maritime container terminals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99589.
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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-109).
With the continuous growth in international container shipping, many container terminals in maritime ports face congestion, particularly during peak hours of service, and when there is limited space in the storage area. Thus, there has been increasing interest in improving operations efficiency in container terminals. An efficient terminal, in general, is one that discharges containers from the ships in a timely manner and delivers containers to customers with a reasonable wait time. Moreover, a key performance measure in the storage area is the number of moves performed by yard cranes. Due to limited space in the storage area, containers are stacked on top of each other, forming a column of containers that can be accessed by yard cranes only from the top. Therefore, in order to retrieve a container that is covered by other containers, the blocking containers must be relocated to other slots. Because such relocation moves are costly for the port operators and result in service delays, one of the main challenges in the storage area is to plan the moves such that the number of relocations is minimized. This problem is referred to as the Container Relocation Problem (CRP). The CRP in its most simplified setting is concerned with finding a sequence of moves that retrieves all containers in a pre-defined order with a minimum number of relocations, assuming that no new containers are stacked during the retrieval process. Also, it is often assumed that the non-blocking containers cannot be relocated (i.e., repositioning moves are not allowed), an assumption that can result in a sub-optimal solution. Other variants of the container relocation problem include the dynamic CRP and the CRP with incomplete information. The former involves minimizing the number of relocations when containers are continuously stacked in and retrieved from the storage area, and the latter refers to the case that the departure times of containers are not fully known in advance. For example, a probabilistic distribution of container departure orders, or approximate departure times (in the form of time windows) might be known. Another important efficiency metric, in addition to the number of relocations, is customer wait times during the retrieval process. In particular, when repositioning moves are allowed in the system, there is a trade-off between the total number of relocations (including repositionings) and wait times, because such repositioning moves make the retrieval process faster for trucks arriving in the future. Also, it might be desired to prioritize some customers so that those prioritized experience shorter wait times. For example, in terminals with appointment systems, shorter waiting time guarantees can be given to customers who book in advance a time slot for picking up their containers. In this thesis, we propose optimization models that capture service-based and cost-based objectives and study different service policies. In the first part of this thesis, we study the CRP with complete information using an optimization model and heuristic approach. In particular, we formulate CRP (with no restrictive assumptions on repositioning moves) as an Integer Program that minimizes the weighted sum of the number of relocations and the total wait time of customers. Our integer program provides the optimal sequence of moves for retrieving containers subject to various service policies. For example, it can be used by port operators to minimize customer wait times, or to give different waiting time guarantees to different customers to reflect relative priorities. Moreover, by assigning different weight factors to the two objectives, one can use our model to plan repositioning moves. We also extend our model to the dynamic CRP and illustrate how the flexibility in the stacking process can be exploited to optimize jointly the sequence of moves and the stacking position of containers. Additionally, we propose a class of flexible retrieval policies. We demonstrate that flexible policies can result in fewer relocations and shorter wait times, thereby benefiting both the port operators and customers. In the second part of this thesis, we study the CRP with incomplete information in a 2-stage setting where the departure times of a subset of containers are initially known and the departure times of other containers are revealed at once at a later time. The contributions are twofold. First, we propose an approximate stochastic optimization algorithm, called ASA*, which is a branch-and-bound framework combined with a sampling technique, and to the best of our knowledge is the first optimization algorithm proposed for this problem. We provide theoretical bounds on the approximation errors and present numerical results showing the computational tractability and efficiency of our algorithm. Second, we use the ASA* algorithm and a myopic heuristic to study the value of information, that is, the effect of the number of containers initially known on the number of relocations. In the last part of this thesis, we introduce a simulator that is capable of integrated simulation of port operations, including the retrieval process, the stacking process, and other aspects such as allocating cranes to containers and allocating trucks to cranes. Our simulator captures the practical details of operations that cannot be modelled in an optimization framework and is capable of simulating long periods (e.g. a week) of realistic-scale operations.
by Setareh Borjian Boroujeni.
S.M. in Transportation
S.M.
9
Frumin, Michael S. "Automatic data for applied railway management : passenger demand, service quality measurement, and tactical planning on the London Overground Network." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61512.
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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-209).
The broad goal of this thesis is to demonstrate the potential positive impacts of applying automatic data to the management and tactical planning of a modern urban railway. Tactical planning is taken here to mean the set of transport-specific analysis and decisions required to manage and improve a railway with time horizons measured in weeks, months, or up to a year and little or no capital investment requirements. This thesis develops and tests methods to (i) estimate on-train loads from automatic measurements of train payload weight, (ii) estimate origin-destination matrices by combining multiple types of automatic data, (iii) study passenger incidence (station arrival) behavior relative to the published timetable, (iv) characterize service quality in terms of the difference between automatically measured passenger journey times and journey times implied by the published timetable. It does so using (i) disaggregate journey records from an entry- and exit-controlled automatic fare collection system, (ii) payload weight measurements from "loadweigh" sensors in train suspension systems, and (iii) aggregate passenger volumes from electronic station gatelines. The methods developed to analyze passenger incidence behavior and service quality using these data sources include new methodologies that facilitate such analysis under a wide variety of service conditions and passenger behaviors. The above methods and data are used to characterize passenger demand and service quality on the rapidly growing, largely circumferential London Overground network in London, England. A case study documents how a tactical planning intervention on the Overground network was influenced by the application of these methods, and evaluates the outcomes of this intervention. The proposed analytical methods are judged to be successful in that they estimate the desired quantities with sufficient accuracy and are found to make a positive contribution to the Overground's tactical planning process. It is concluded that relative measures of service quality such as the one developed here can be used in cross-sectional analysis to inform tactical planning activity. However, such measures are of less utility for longitudinal evaluation of tactical planning interventions when the basis against which service quality is judged (in this case the timetable) is changed. Under such circumstances, absolute measures, such as total observed passenger journey times, should be used as well.
by Michael S. Frumin.
S.M.
S.M.in Transportation
10
Chiraphadhanakul, Virot. "Routing and scheduling models for robust allocation of slack." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61571.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center; and, (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-144).
A myriad of uncontrollable factors in airline operations make delays and disruptions unavoidable. Most conventional scheduling models, however, ignore the presence of uncertainties in actual operations in order to limit the complexity of the problem. This leads to schedules that are prone to delays and disruptions. As a result, there has been wide interest recently in building robustness into airline schedules. In this work, we investigate slack allocation approaches for robust airline schedule planning. In particular, we propose three models: aircraft re-routing model, flight schedule re-timing model, and block time adjustment model, together with their variants. Using data from an international carrier, we evaluate the impacts of the resulting schedules on various performance metrics, including passenger delays. The results show that minor modifications to an original schedule can significantly improve the overall performance of the schedule. Through empirical results, we provide a comprehensive discussion of model behaviors and how an airline's characteristics can affect the strategy for robust scheduling.
by Virot Chiraphadhanakul.
S.M.in Transportation
S.M.
11
Yang, Lang S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Modeling preferences for innovative modes and services : a case study in Lisbon." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61510.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-156).
Increases in car ownership and usage have resulted in serious traffic congestion problems in many large cities worldwide. Innovative travel modes and services can play an important role in improving the efficiency and sustainability of transportation systems. In this study, we evaluate the preferences for some new modes and services (one-way car rental, shared taxi, express minibus, school bus service for park and ride, and congestion pricing) in the context of Lisbon, Portugal using stated preferences (SP) techniques. The survey design is challenging from several aspects. First of all, the large number of existing and innovative modes poses a challenge for the SP design. To simplify choice experiment, sequential approaches are used to divide the large choice set into car-based, public transport, and multimodal groups. Secondly, there is a large set of candidate variables that are likely to affect the mode choices. The findings of focus group discussion are analyzed to identify the key variables. Thirdly, the innovative modes and services are likely to affect not only the mode choices but also the choices of departure time and occupancy (in case of private modes). A multidimensional choice set of travel mode, departure time, and occupancy is considered. Two types of models are used to investigate the preferences and acceptability of innovative modes and services -- nested logit models and mixed logit models. The main attributes in the systematic utilities include natural logarithm of travel time and cost, schedule delay, size variables for unequal departure time intervals, and inertia to revealed preferences (RP) choices of travel mode, departure time, and occupancy. The values of willingness to pay (WTP) are found to depend on trip purpose, market segment, and the magnitude of travel cost and time. Mixed logit models can address complex correlation and heterogeneity problems in the SP data better than nested logit models. Based on the estimation results, mixed logit models are found more efficient and reliable. They can provide important information for transportation planners and policy makers working to achieve sustainable transportation systems in Portugal as well as in other countries.
by Lang Yang.
S.M.
12
Kang, Seong-Cheol 1968. "Algorithms for routing problems in stochastic time-dependent networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84786.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center , 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 185-187).
by Seong-Cheol Kang.
S.M.
13
Key, Jonathan Ramsay 1976. "Routing in probabilistic networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29387.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Operations Research Center, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-146).
This thesis considers tlhe problem of routing in a network where the travel times along the arcs are modeled as independent random variables. A standard approach to routing in such networks is to select a path with the least expected travel time. One of the problems with this approach is that it does not take into consideration factors such as the travel time variance. Additionally. such an approach implicitly assumes each user in the network has the same routing objective. In this thesis we develop an approach to routing in probabilistic networks in which these problems are addressed. The fundamental concept in our approach is that, for a given user with a set of routing options at a given node. we approximate the distributions of travel time for these options. Using these approximate distributions, the options are compared according to a user-specified routing objective, and the best option is selected. The primary benefit of this approach is that one is not limited to a particular routing objective as the computed distributions of travel time allow us to efficiently determine an effective routing option for a arbitrary routing objective that depends on factors of random travel time other than the mean. The distribution of travel time adopted in this thesis is the minimum travel time probability distribution. which is the distribution of travel time over all fastest paths. In a class of networks termed as series-parallel networks. the minimum travel time distribution can be calculated efficiently.
(cont.) For general, non-series-parallel networks. the approximation we adopt is the minimum travel time distribution obtained from a related series-parallel network. The performance and the benefits of this approach to routing are illustrated on three networks. The numerical results are obtained using an efficient implementation of the algorithms proposed in this thesis. We also consider the problem of generating an acyclic graph from a cyclic graph, and we propose a data structure that allows for the efficient calculation of the sum and minimum of independent random variables.
by Jonathan Ramsay Key.
S.M.
14
Hanowsky, Michael John. "A tool to support the planning of ground delay programs subject to uncertain arrival capacities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34609.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2006.Page 133 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-132).
A prototype tool was developed to support the planning of ground delay programs (GDPs) under uncertainty. Planned hours in advance, GDPs are subject to significant arrival capacity uncertainty, which reduces their efficacy in defraying the high cost of airborne delays. The tool addresses this uncertainty by using a set of different possible arrival capacity profile forecasts and modeling the outcome of the program under each forecast. A variety of different metrics are developed based on these results, including both system-wide and flight specific forecasts of queue size and the evolution of delay over time. To allow air and ground delay to be considered simultaneously, a cost function that takes both into account is proposed. The tool also addresses the dynamic nature of a GDP by allowing the traffic manager to set a system time variable and model possible future decisions. Taken a step further, these projections can be used as part of a two-step model, which evaluates a program under the assumption that a traffic manager will revise the GDP at a later time, once additional information regarding arrival capacity forecasts has become available. Revising a program can significantly reduce its expected cost, but different programs may not respond in the same way to future revision and are likely to exhibit differing magnitudes of expected cost reduction. In fact, the best initial decision may be one that trades initial cost for the ability to revise the program more effectively in the future.
by Michael John Hanowsky.
S.M.
15
Schorr, Raphael Avram 1976. "Marginal social cost auctions for congested airport facilities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84837.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2002."September 2002."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-97).
by Raphael Avram Schorr.
S.M.
M.Eng.
16
Diwan, Sarvee. "Performance of Dynamic Programming methods in airline Revenue Management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61564.
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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-163).
This thesis evaluates the performance of Dynamic Programming (DP) models as applied to airline Revenue Management (RM) compared to traditional Revenue Management models like EMSRb as DP models offer a theoretically attractive alternative to traditional RM models. In the first part of this thesis, we develop a simplified simulator to evaluate the effects of changing demand variance on the performance of standard DP on a single flight leg. This simulator excludes the effects of forecast quality and competitive effects like passenger sell-up and inter-airline spill. In the next part of the thesis, we introduce two network based DP methods that incorporate the network displacement costs in the standard DP based optimizer and perform simulation experiments in a larger competitive network using the Passenger Origin Destination Simulator to study the performance of DP methods in airline Revenue Management systems. The results of single flight leg experiments from the simplified simulator show that DP methods do not consistently outperform EMSRb and the sensitivity analysis show that the performance of DP relative to EMSRb depends on the demand variability, demand factor, fare ratios and passenger arrival pattern. The results from the PODS competitive network simulations show that DP methods, despite not showing any significant benefits in the simplified simulator, can outperform EMSRb when used in a competitive environment because DP's aggressive seat protection policy helps DP generate more revenues than EMSRb due to competitive feedback effects like inter-airline passenger spill-in, and passenger sell-up within the airline.
by Sarvee Diwan.
S.M.
S.M.in Transportation
17
Gaudet, Megan Brett. "Harmonization of aviation user charges in the North Atlantic airspace." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44326.
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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-93).
The purpose of this thesis is to explore various harmonization scenarios for North Atlantic en route user charges. The current charging system involves eight countries, each with their own method for computing user charges. The scope of the research is limited to revenue neutral approaches for service providers, meaning each air navigation service provider (ANSP) receives constant total charges in 2006. Therefore, the viability of different scenarios is compared in terms of its impact on airspace users. Two different interpretation of a "harmonized" system are considered. The first explores the harmonization of only the charging methodology, allowing service providers to set and collect their own charges. The second harmonization alternative fully harmonizes the North Atlantic user charges resulting in a single charge per flight. Within each of these alternatives four different charge scenarios were modeled using 2006 data. The four alternatives are a flat charge, distance-based rate, a combination weight and distance charge, and a fixed-plus-variable charge. Utilizing 47,516 North Atlantic flights drawn from a systematic random sampling of days in 2006, the average North Atlantic user charge was determined to be $393 and ranged from less than $1 to $3,868. The magnitude of the average North Atlantic user charge is small relative to the total flight costs airlines incur, thus all harmonization approaches will have only second order effects on the airlines' bottomline. Thus, the harmonization of the regions' user charges allows for the unique opportunity to develop a more rational system of charges without large disruptions to the majority of users. The thesis explores the impact of the various charge scenarios on user stakeholder groups in terms of aircraft size, North Atlantic distance, and origin-destination regions.
(cont.) The results show a distance-based rate imposed at the ANSP-level would result in the smallest disruption to users' charges compared to the baseline system. However, any semi-independent harmonization approach sacrifices the efficiencies which could be realized under a fully harmonized system. Of the fully harmonized methods, the Eurocontrol formula with a service unit rate of $7.28 is the least disruptive to the baseline user charges.
by Megan Brett Gaudet.
S.M.
S.M.in Transportation
18
Sarmadi, Sepehr 1977. "Minimizing airline passenger delay through integrated flight scheduling and aircraft routing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29401.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Operations Research Center, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-86).
Statistics show that airline flight delays and cancellations have increased continuously over the period from 1995 to 2000. During the same period, customer dissatisfaction and complaints have followed a similar, even more dramatic trend. In 2001, as a consequence of the September 1 th terrorist attacks and the resulting airline schedule reductions, delay levels decreased, but only temporarily. With growing passenger demands and stagnant capacity passenger delays and disruptions are again on the rise. Approaches to mitigate schedule disruptions include: 1) re-optimizing the schedule during operations after a disruption occurs. For example, an airline operations controller might decide to cancel or postpone some flight legs or to re-route some aircraft to recover the rest of the schedule; and 2) building robustness into the schedule in the planning stage. By robustness we mean the ability to absorb flight delays so these effects are minimized on passengers and crews. In many cases, trying to reduce delays in the planning stage can be less costly for the airlines, especially if the actions suggested to modify the schedule are not expensive. Pushing back a flight's departure time only ten minutes might cost the airline little but can potentially reduce the number of passenger misconnections given the stochastic nature of airline operations. Canceling a flight during operations for example, can be however very costly. The primary goal of this research is to propose planning models to re-route aircraft and re-time flight departures, either separately or simultaneously, in order to distribute slack time in the network optimally and reduce passenger delays. Using data from a major U.S. airline we observe that with our model, we can reduce flight and passenger delay levels.
by Sepehr Sarmadi.
S.M.
19
Yamanaka, Shiro 1975. "The impact of infrastructure-related taxes and fees on airline fares in the US and the European Union." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31138.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Operations Research Center, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91).
The purpose of this thesis is to estimate the impact of infrastructure-related add-on taxes and fees on the direct cost of air travel in the United States and the European Union. Its scope includes domestic travel in the United States and both domestic and intra-EU international travel within the European Union. For the United States, we work with over 4 million passenger records from the Department of Transportation 10% Ticket Samples to conclude that the effective tax rate (ETR) on the average base fare (BF) was 15.5% in the second quarter of 2002. The incidence is much heavier on the least expensive tickets because three out of the four add-on taxes and fees are based on the passenger's itinerary and are independent of the BF. Comparative analyses indicate that the ETR was 10.9% in 1993 and 16.1% in 2004, but a large portion of the ETR increase over the years is due to a significant decline in the yields achieved by the airlines. We also show that passengers traveling on low cost carriers are expected to face a higher ETR than those traveling on traditional network airliners or the "legacy carriers". Other analyses are performed to demonstrate that there was a statistically significant decrease in the number of segments per ticket from 2002 to 2004 and that the ETR would increase by 2.2% to 2.6% as a result of the new security fee policy proposed by the Bush Administration in 2005. Turning to the European side, our preliminary estimation shows that the average ETR was 12.5% in 2004 based on an analysis of over 300,000 ticket records provided by a Global Distribution System company.
(cont.) However, the ETR, in fact, varies greatly among the 15 European Union countries investigated, ranging from 6.6% to 24.4%, because of the complex and diverse taxation rules in place in Europe and because of the differences in average ticket prices. Finally, a simple analysis shows that the actual European ETR may be significantly higher than the ETR in the United States if the differences in charging schemes for the cost of air transportation infrastructure are taken into consideration.
by Shiro Yamanaka.
S.M.
20
Tardy, Raphaël 1979. "Optimization models and algorithms for large-scale, capacity constrained pick-up and delivery problems with time windows." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31141.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Operations Research Center, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-90).
Major package delivery companies employ hundreds of thousands of people, generate billions of dollars in revenues and operate very large fleets of ground vehicles ranging from custom- built package cars to large tractors and trailers. A crucial point for the profitability of these companies is, for a given level of service, to be able to run their operations at the lowest possible cost. In this thesis, we will contemplate the problem of the scheduling and routing on a regional and daily basis of the large tractor and trailer fleet of a large package delivery company. Our aim is to design a method for building the schedules associated with minimal operating costs. We consider deterministic situations in which all parameters are known exactly and we exclude possibilities of disruptions. Nonetheless even with these simplifications, the problem we consider is complex and large-scale, containing a very large number of constraints and parameters. Throughout this thesis, we examine different theoretical approaches including optimization models and algorithms. We implement some of these approaches in order to get practical results which can be implemented in practice.
by Raphaël Tardy.
S.M.
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Marla, Lavanya. "Robust optimization for network-based resource allocation problems under uncertainty." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39280.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-131).
We consider large-scale, network-based, resource allocation problems under uncertainty, with specific focus on the class of problems referred to as multi-commodity flow problems with time-windows. These problems are at the core of many network-based resource allocation problems. Inherent data uncertainty in the problem guarantees that deterministic optimal solutions are rarely, if ever, executed. Our work examines methods of proactive planning, that is, robust plan generation to protect against future uncertainty. By modeling uncertainties in data corresponding to service times, resource availability, supplies and demands, we can generate solutions that are more robust operationally, that is, more likely to be executed or easier to repair when disrupted. The challenges are the following: approaches to achieve robustness 1) can be extremely problem-specific and not general; 2) suffer from issues of tractability; or 3) have unrealistic data requirements. We propose in this work a modeling and algorithmic framework that addresses the above challenges.
(cont.) Our modeling framework involves a decomposition scheme that separates problems involving multi-commodity flows with time-windows into routing (that is, a routing master problem) and scheduling modules (that is, a scheduling sub-problem), and uses an iterative scheme to provide feedback between the two modules, both of which are more tractable than the integrated model. The master problem has the structure of a multi-commodity flow problem and the sub-problem is a set of network flow problems. This decomposition allows us to capture uncertainty while maintaining tractability. Uncertainty is captured in part by the master problem and in part by the sub-problem. In addition to solving problems under uncertainty, our decomposition scheme can also be used to solve large-scale resource allocation problems without uncertainty. As proof-of-concept, we apply our approach to a vehicle routing and scheduling problem and compare its solutions to those of other robust optimization approaches. Finally, we propose a framework to extend our robust, decomposition approach to the more complex problem of network design.
by Lavanya Marla.
S.M.
22
Limpaitoon, Tanachai. "Real-time Multi-period truckload routing problems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42926.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-102).
In this thesis we consider a multi-period truckload pick-up and delivery problem dealing with real-time requests over a finite time horizon. We introduce the notion of postponement of requests, whereby the company can postpone some requests to the next day in order to improve its operational efficiency. The postponed requests must then be served on the next day. The daily costs of operation include costs associated with the trucks' empty travel distances and costs associated with postponement. The revenues are directly proportional to the length of job requests. We evaluate the profits of various re-optimization policies with the possibility of postponement. Another important notion of trucking operation corresponds to repositioning strategies which exploit probabilistic knowledge about future demands. A new repositioning strategy is proposed here to provide better decisions. For both notions, extensive computational results are provided under a general simulation framework.
by Tanachai Limpaitoon.
S.M.
23
Mao, Ye 1978. "A profit maximization model in a two-echelon supply chain management : distribution and pricing strategies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29571.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-111).
Distribution and pricing strategies play a central role in the field of supply chain management. Heuristic approaches to the vehicle routing problem (VRP) are usually used to design optimal delivery routes to serve geographically dispersed customers, who are price elastic. There is a rich literature discussing either the manufacturer's distribution strategy or its pricing initiatives. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a profit maximization model that presents an integrated distribution and pricing strategy for any company facing such issues. We first examine a simplified scenario when all customers are located in the same delivery region and their demand is deterministic. Both truckload (TL) and less-than-truckload (LTL) shipment strategies are analyzed and compared. We later extend our findings to multiple delivery regions and discuss the impact of the manufacturer's pricing flexibility on its profit. Then we relax the assumption of deterministic customer demand and introduce the safety stock cost. Finally the application on across delivery region situations is shown. Although some of our assumptions simplify our model, we believe that it provides insight into more complex supply chain management problems.
by Ye Mao.
S.M.
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KONGTAWELERT, AMARIN. "Developing A Protocol for An Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Plus (EPP+) Program at NASA Glenn Research Center." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1282328402.
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Chi, Curtis H. "Architecture and site: a field research center for the studies of environmental science, horticulture, landscape architecture, and forestry." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53344.
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The relationship of building to site is the most fundamental aspect in the creation of architecture. As man is a product of nature and his environment the way in which he chooses to after that environment in the process of building reveals not only his attitude towards his physical surroundings, but his purpose and justification for dwelling there. Not all attitudes will be the same, just as purpose will vary from person to person and structure to structure.
Mario Botta has said, “The first step in the architectural act is taking possession of the site. It is a conscious act of transforming a unicum, an awareness that grounds the new intervention in the geography, history, and culture of a particular site. The architecture is the constriction of this site. There can be no indifference toward the site. It is the very territory of architecture as well as the primary condition determining the laws by which one must build.”
Within the scope of my project I hoped to define this awareness within myself, this conscious act of defining and creating architecture against a background that demands the site be recognized as a primary generator of architectural form and attitude.Master of Architecture
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Mathers, Bruce H. "Mathematical modeling and control law development for the atmospheric monitoring and control system of the Controlled Environmental Research Chamber (CERC) at NASA Ames Research Center." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23950.
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Krishnan, Niranjan 1973. "Design of large scale transportation service networks with consolidation : models, algorithms and applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47567.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-103).
by Niranjan Krishnan.
S.M.
28
Lohatepanont, Manoj 1974. "Incremental airline schedule design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28210.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, February 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-86).
We consider the problem of integrating flight schedule design and fleet assignment decisions at airlines. The flight schedule design problem involves selecting and scheduling the set of flight legs that an airline will include in its service network. Fleet assignment involves assigning a particular aircraft type to each flight leg in the schedule. Due to the particularly challenging nature of schedule design problems, we limit our focus to that of incremental schedule design. Incremental schedule design involves the modification of a given flight schedule to produce an improved schedule by adding, deleting, and rescheduling flight legs. We present models and algorithms to achieve incremental schedule design and unlike previous schedule design efforts, we explicitly model flight demand and supply interactions. We present two case studies, using our models and algorithms. The first case study allows flight additions and deletions, while the second allows flights to be rescheduled. Future case studies well integrate these flight modification options. In our first case study, high-yield flights are maintained in the schedule and low-yield flights are dropped. Although the resulting schedule incurs higher spill costs, the savings from flight operating costs are sufficiently large to offset these higher spill costs, resulting in a more profitable schedule. The second case study, allowing flights to be rescheduled, considers several network sizes including the domestic network of a large U.S. airline. We consider Free Flight, a system allowing reduced flying times due to improved utilization of the national airspace. We find that reductions in flying times of about 10% can lead to dramatic cost savings for the airline, including reductions in the number of aircraft needed to fly the flight schedule.
by Manoj Lohatepanont.
S.M.
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Kieser, W. E., K. Leung, N. Krestina, R. P. Beukens, X.-L. Zhao, and A. E. Litherland. "Development of an Automated Combustion and Gas-fed Ion Source System for Environmental Monitoring and Biomedical ^<14>C Applications(Proceedings of the 19^ Symposium on Chronological Studies at the Nagoya University Center for Chronological Research in 2006,Part1)." 名古屋大学年代測定資料研究センター, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13677.
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第19回名古屋大学年代測定総合研究センターシンポジウム平成18(2006)年度報告<第1部> Proceedings of the 19th symposiumon on Chronological Studies at the Nagoya University Center for Chronological Research
in 2006 日時:平成19 (2007)年1月15日(月)～17日(水) 会場:名古屋大学シンポジオン Date:January15th-17th, 2007 Venue:Nagoya Uhiversity Symposion Hall
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Olivares, Seminario Adriana. "Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Biodiversidad." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653217.
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La presente tesis se enfoca en desarrollar un Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Biodiversidad en las Lomas de Lúcumo, Pachacamac debido a la falta de infraestructura especializada en la ciudad de Lima. Se ubica en una zona periférica de la ciudad con rápido crecimiento poblacional, lo que influye en la conservación del ecosistema en cuestión.
A raíz de lo establecido en el PLAM 2035 de Lima, se plantea la construcción de equipamiento que propicie el estudio, conservación y educación de la sociedad en términos medio ambientales.
El proyecto se ubica en la parte baja de la loma para reforzar el vínculo con el lugar en el que se encuentra, y además, actúa como límite entre el cerro y las edificaciones existentes. Es decir, “teje” la trama existente a través de la ubicación estratégica de los volúmenes con una lógica que relaciona el entorno con el partido arquitectónico. Teniendo en cuenta que es una zona con áreas de protección (tratamiento paisajista) se plantean espacios públicos con materiales locales, no invasivos. El proyecto propone un manejo de situaciones espaciales con escala, proporción y calidad tanto en el interior como en los exteriores. La expresión formal del proyecto va de la mano con la materialidad y la lógica estructural propuesta, de acuerdo con las estrategias planteadas.This thesis focuses on developing a Biodiversity Research and Dissemination Center in Lomas de Lúcumo, Pachacamac due to the lack of specialized infrastructure in the city of Lima. It is located in a peripheral area of the city with rapid population growth, which influences the conservation of the ecosystem in question. Following the provisions of PLAM 2035 in Lima, the construction of equipment that promotes the study, conservation and education of society in environmental terms is proposed. The project is located in the lower part of the hill to reinforce the link with the place where it is located, and also acts as a boundary between the hill and the existing buildings. That is, "weave" the existing plot through the strategic location of the volumes with a logic that relates the environment to the architectural party. Taking into account that it is an area with protection areas (landscape treatment), public spaces with local, non-invasive materials are proposed. The project proposes a management of spatial situations with scale, proportion and quality both indoors and outdoors. The formal expression of the project goes hand in hand with the materiality and the proposed structural logic, in accordance with the proposed strategies.
Tesis
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Carvalho, Ilka Costa de. "O centro de pesquisa da biodiversidade do colégio militar de Salvador: espaço para promoção da educação ambiental." Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2017. http://ri.ucsal.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/424.
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A crise socioambiental que ora se apresenta, sinaliza para necessidade urgente de uma quebra de paradigma. A forma pela qual as sociedades ocidentais se estruturaram baseadas no consumo desenfreado e na espoliação extrema dos serviços ambientais, leva a crer que a solução para todo esse descompasso está em educar os indivíduos. Essa ação vem a partir de uma nova dimensão educacional política, radical e transformadora concebida como Educação Ambiental. Este processo busca desenvolver novos valores morais, de ética planetária, consciência crítica e cidadania global. Nesse sentido, este trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivos demonstrar a importância do Centro de Pesquisa da Biodiversidade do Colégio Militar de Salvador e das ações educativas a ele relacionadas, como espaço para a promoção da Educação Ambiental; levantar um breve histórico da Educação Ambiental no mundo e no Brasil; estruturar o histórico/memória do Centro de Pesquisa da Biodiversidade Sargento Albinio (CPBSA); e também, identificar as concepções de meio ambiente e de Educação Ambiental dos alunos e professores do Colégio Militar de Salvador. Para isto optou-se por procedimentos metodológicos ancorados na pesquisa documental de natureza exploratória e caráter qualitativo, configurada em um estudo de caso. A dissertação está estruturada em três seções, que discorrem desde o histórico da Educação Ambiental no mundo e no Brasil, passando pelo Sistema Colégio Militar do Brasil e depois pelo Colégio Militar de Salvador, acompanhada da análise de documentos que permitiram coletar dados para a construção do histórico/memória do que hoje denomina-se Centro de Pesquisa da Biodiversidade Sargento Albino. Fez-se necessária a aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado aos alunos e aos professores da disciplina Eletiva de Educação Ambiental, componente da matriz curricular do turno integral do Ensino Fundamental . A partir da análise interpretativa dos resultados concluiu-se a respeito das concepções de meio ambiente e Educação Ambiental que permeiam o ideário da comunidade escolar e que viabilizam a elaboração e execução de futuros projetos em Educação Ambiental, mais alinhados com a Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental. Finalizando, foi apresentado o produto final da dissertação de um Mestrado Profissional: Uma proposta de requalificação e ação para o Centro de Pesquisa da Biodiversidade Sargento Albino, concretizada em uma carta de intenções visando a conservação dessa área – o campo empírico da pesquisa; e também, em uma sequência didática interdisciplinar buscandoo ideário de Tbilisi.
The shown socio-environmental crisis indicates an urgent need of paradigm breaking. The way by which western societies have established themselves, based upon unleashed consumption of goods and extreme pillage of ecosystem services, leads to a belief that the solution for all this mismatch is to educate individuals. This aim consider a new political-educational dimension, radical and life-changing, conceived as Environmental Education. Such must develop new moral values, planetary ethics, critical awareness and global citizenship. This dissertative research paper aims to demonstrate the importance of the Military School of Salvador’s Biodiversity Research Center and its related educative practices, as a place to the promotion of Enviromental Education; show a brief historic of World´s and Brazilian´s Enviromental Educationts educative; structure the history/memory of Biodversity Research Center Sargento Albino (BRCSA); and also to identify Military School of Salvador students and teacher´s concepts of enviroment and Enviromental Education. For this purpose methodological procedures have been chosen based on documentary research of nature exploring and qualitative type, structured as a case study. The dissertation is organized in three sections, that discusses since worldwide and Brazil’s Environmental Education historical, going through the System Military School of Brazil and then Military School of Salvador, followed by the analysis of documents that allowed collecting data for building a historical of what it is so called Biodiversity Research Center Sargento Albino. The application of semi-structured questionnaires was necessary to students and teachers of the elective subject Environmental Education, part of the double shift Secondary Ecucation Curriculum Matrix. From the analysis of the results it was concluded, regarding environment and Environmental Education concepts that permeate the school community ideology and enable the elaboration and execution of upcoming projects in Environmental Education, further aligned with the National Politics of Environmental Education. Finally, it was shown the final product of the dissertation of a Professional Masters: a requalification and action proposal to the Biodiversity Research Center Sargento Albino, implemented on a letter of intent aiming this area´s conservation – the empiric field of the research; and also on a interdisciplinary didatic sequency pursuiting Tbilisi´s ideology.
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Cuerden, Barbara. "Art, Nature and the Virtual Environment: Three strands of a narrative inquiry written around a schoolyard garden as a collection of "events"." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19679.
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Working with an organization outside the public school system that was creating schoolyard gardens, I began to think about culture and cultivation inside and outside of schooling practices. The liveliness of the schoolyard gardens presented possibilities for enlivening educational discourses. With two participants I planted a container box schoolyard garden outside Lamoureux Hall, which houses the Faculty of Education. Utilizing aspects of place-based pedagogy, ecoliteracy, ecopedagogy and a metissage of a/r/tography, eco-art and writing as a method of inquiry, we tended the garden and dwelled upon ideas of nature, culture, and their intersection in a particular place. Our garden experiences left cyber footprints in virtual space as blog spots on a thesis blog site. The garden and the inquiry it generated outside,is brought back inside the education building as a Master's thesis. The garden grew in different and unpredictable ways due to intense construction on site, entwining the planter boxes with unseen variables.
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes December 4, 2017." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626507.
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Lucas, D. Pulane. "Disruptive Transformations in Health Care: Technological Innovation and the Acute Care General Hospital." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2996.
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Advances in medical technology have altered the need for certain types of surgery to be performed in traditional inpatient hospital settings. Less invasive surgical procedures allow a growing number of medical treatments to take place on an outpatient basis. Hospitals face growing competition from ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). The competitive threats posed by ASCs are important, given that inpatient surgery has been the cornerstone of hospital services for over a century. Additional research is needed to understand how surgical volume shifts between and within acute care general hospitals (ACGHs) and ASCs. This study investigates how medical technology within the hospital industry is changing medical services delivery. The main purposes of this study are to (1) test Clayton M. Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation in health care, and (2) examine the effects of disruptive innovation on appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and bariatric surgery (ACBS) utilization. Disruptive innovation theory contends that advanced technology combined with innovative business models—located outside of traditional product markets or delivery systems—will produce simplified, quality products and services at lower costs with broader accessibility. Consequently, new markets will emerge, and conventional industry leaders will experience a loss of market share to “non-traditional” new entrants into the marketplace. The underlying assumption of this work is that ASCs (innovative business models) have adopted laparoscopy (innovative technology) and their unification has initiated disruptive innovation within the hospital industry. The disruptive effects have spawned shifts in surgical volumes from open to laparoscopic procedures, from inpatient to ambulatory settings, and from hospitals to ASCs. The research hypothesizes that: (1) there will be larger increases in the percentage of laparoscopic ACBS performed than open ACBS procedures; (2) ambulatory ACBS will experience larger percent increases than inpatient ACBS procedures; and (3) ASCs will experience larger percent increases than ACGHs. The study tracks the utilization of open, laparoscopic, inpatient and ambulatory ACBS. The research questions that guide the inquiry are: 1. How has ACBS utilization changed over this time? 2. Do ACGHs and ASCs differ in the utilization of ACBS? 3. How do states differ in the utilization of ACBS? 4. Do study findings support disruptive innovation theory in the hospital industry? The quantitative study employs a panel design using hospital discharge data from 2004 and 2009. The unit of analysis is the facility. The sampling frame is comprised of ACGHs and ASCs in Florida and Wisconsin. The study employs exploratory and confirmatory data analysis. This work finds that disruptive innovation theory is an effective model for assessing the hospital industry. The model provides a useful framework for analyzing the interplay between ACGHs and ASCs. While study findings did not support the stated hypotheses, the impact of government interventions into the competitive marketplace supports the claims of disruptive innovation theory. Regulations that intervened in the hospital industry facilitated interactions between ASCs and ACGHs, reducing the number of ASCs performing ACBS and altering the trajectory of ACBS volume by shifting surgeries from ASCs to ACGHs.
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HUANG, WEN-RONG, and 黃文蓉. "Fushan Research Center Inspired Environmental Education Course." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ex7b8c.
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碩士國立中正大學
課程研究所
102
The purpose of study was to discover the track of how nature environment inspired environmental education course through different methods such as analyzing course development structure under various circumstances, vision construction, course development, course operation and course evaluation to understand the problem, effect, introspection and result on driving environmental education in order to provide relevant data and reference to participates in the field of environmental education. To achieve the purposes above, this research would adopt Case Study method by interviewing various participants who had related with environmental education development within Fushan Research Center, Forestry Research Institute. The interview would also combined with third-party observation and profile evaluation before processed data analysis, evaluate and summarize. According to this research, I had concluded following results as below: 一、During field analysis stage this research indicated that the team leader and members of Fushan Research Center did not discuses and analysis the advantages and disadvantages of research field. As the concluded results pointed that the advantage of Fushan Research Center was its nature and friendly eco-environment, plentiful research results, free entrance and experimental in eco-environmental events. For the disadvantages site, including location, traffic, tour number restriction, no independent finance and professional resources that these could all be solved and turned into advantages for used and attracted points. 二、For further construction stage, Fushan Research Center had not won the support from management level regarding its environmental course development. As the result, the development and plan for further goal and target did not process, moreover, team members were hold different prospects for the development, which caused unstable atmosphere around. In the point, they can only relied on current resources and budget based on their leaders given to take further step. 三、On the course development stage it adopted a way to corporate with education institute to build up a basic model, which include course content, practice course for teachers, course design and trial course, and adjust it through members from institute to process further trial course to reach the complete of course proposals. During the corporation, teachers, leaders and members of institute could not align theirs course concepts which lead a lake process to the goal which center set, furthermore resulted in a huge different between course design concepts and in practice. 四、During the course practice stage, through the corporation with elementary school, this research had not provided the exact practice contents and information, relevant resource and practice demonstration and students’ attitudes and learning atmosphere which has been seen as three major effect to the course process. The adjustment had been made included increase observation and common period, decrease explain time and method. 五、In course evaluation stage, Fushan Research Center had been hold various events like Fushan deep breath, 福山植物人and 福山真水劇場courses to describe specific course targets and evaluation methods which demonstrated the basic model. However, it did not provide more specific recommendation regarding data collection, summary mechanism and presentation of teaching results. After study three courses, the results demonstrated that students had positive increased their sense and attitude toward environmental values. In conclusion, researcher had proposed this unofficial environmental course to the field for study and reference for Fushan Research Center, authority level, courses development department and further research use.
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Hsu-Hui, Wu, and 吳許暉. "Intergenerational environmental education program- an experimental research of senior volunteers in a nature center." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78955611506067045928.
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碩士國立臺中教育大學
環境教育研究所
95
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact on the environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes, and attitudes toward senior adults held by young participants of an intergenerational environmental education program. The research audiences were the participants of the “Young Explorers—Endemic Species Camp” which was ran on January 21 and 22, 2006 in the Endemic Species Research Institute in Nantou County, Taiwan. A “pretest-posttest control group” true-experimental design was chosen to compare the experimental groups (43 4th-6th graders taught by four senior volunteers) with the control groups (43 4th-6th graders taught by four young adult volunteers) in the program. A triangulation research approach that utilized both quantitative and qualitative (e.g., senior volunteer interview, staff interview, student test, field observation, student feedback sheet) data sources were applied. According to the quantitative data, the intergenerational groups did not obtain significant higher mean scores for environmental knowledge and attitudes than the monogenerational groups. There were three possible reasons. First, Type II error might occur due to insufficient number of samples. Second, the focus of the test was only general endemic species theme. The items of the questionnaire couldn’t investigate what old people teach. Third, the control group students also had chances to interact with senior volunteers during meal and night party time, thus the differences between groups were not significant. However, the qualitative data showed that senor adults have certain characteristics that allowed them to make a substantial contribution. Older adults tend to use folk stories and life experiences to enrich teaching content. They would also utilize stories and traditional songs to stimulate learning interests. Additionally, the senior volunteers treat the participated students as their own grandchildren, and their behavior became the model of the children. The results indicated that an intergenerational engagement experience was helpful to improve children’s opinions toward elderly. The nature center staffs noticed the specialty of older volunteers. However, they remained wait-and-see toward the implementation of intergenerational programs in the future since they didn’t have enough experiences. Therefore, more research studies and program practices are needed in order to prove the effectiveness of an intergenerational approach in outdoor environmental education.
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Blakeway, Lloyd. "Reaching the reef: a coral research and ecology center to challenge the socioeconomic- environmental climate of Durban point." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/30135.
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A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of MArch to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, 2020The ocean is facing dire conditions, this building aims to gather an understanding about the state of affairs the oceans are in while expanding the knowledge through public means in an effort to curve the current path trajectory leading to a better and cleaner environment for all. These issues can be highlighted through research into coral reefs and the devastating rate at which they are disappearing. As coral is very susceptible to these changes in climate and rising sea levels, without the additional threat of plastic and oil pollution. The focus of this proposal is to design an architecture which encompasses the ocean crisis, while forming a sense of place in the Durban point. An experiential space that detaches the user form the outside world and focuses primarily on the edutainment aspect of the program, forming an outreach of education. This research proposal is seeking to highlight the need for changing and the understanding of the issues that the current environmental habitat of 30 % of all ocean life on this earth are undergoing, the design incorporates the collection and recycling of the two pollutants at a separate site, that would be illustrated in the exhibition space. The economical hub of shipping in South Africa, Durban Harbour and adjacent precinct Durban point house these issues in a perfect storm like manner. Starting off as a small industrial area, with some accommodation and beautiful beaches the Point has developed over the years. The locals commonly refer to the Durban point waterfront as vetch’s bay. A small stretch of peaceful water and smooth long golden beaches, from uShaka marine world pier to North pier. The pier is the site for the Coral Research and Ecology Centre. The research is aimed to create an environment that enforces an experience of space, to detach the user from the world and creating a sense of awareness of the space. The space thus is an edutainment theme, creating awareness and the harshness of reality and issues faced.
PH2020
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Dai, Xing Hua, and 戴杏樺. "The evaluation and research of elementary and junior high school teacher's outdoor environmental education trainings--A case studyof the training at Y.M.S. Park Nature Education Center in 1995." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55704015225240335237.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
地理研究所
84
The study try to structure a ideal curriculum to evaluate the effect of elementary and junior high school teacher's inservice training in 1995 at Yang Ming Shan National Park Nature Education Center with the method of qualitative research. The study evaluates the training's effect from these dimentions : philosophy、goals、structure of environmental conception、 subjects、principles、psychology、methods、activity design、 noticeable things、leading ability and successional development of outdoor environmental education . Even, it also try to understand this event from administration process and other outdoor environmental education problems exist in school's teachers、other administration conditions、 professional education system of teaches and research system. Finally, through discussion、comparison and reflection, we will get some suggestions for advanced training curriculum.