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1
Moore, Christopher Miles. "Food habits, population dynamics, and bioenergetics of four predatory fish species in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53590.
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The food habits, survival rates, and abundance of four predatory fish species (striped bass, walleye, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass) were determined and combined with information on energetics and growth to quantitatively assess predator-prey interactions in Smith Mountain Lake, a large hydroelectric reservoir in south-central Virginia. A total of 1871 stomachs of the four species was examined from fish collections between April 1983 and December 1984. Food habits of each predatory species were assessed and compared by season using Schoener's (1970) diet overlap index. Significant diet overlap occurred between the pelagic predators (striped bass and walleye) and between the littoral black basses (largemouth bass and smallmouth bass) in all seasons and locations where sufficient stomach samples were collected.
Survival and abundance estimates for the four predators were derived from several data sets. First-year survival of striped bass fingerlings averaged 20.8% for an 11-year period (1973 to 1983) and ranged from 3.9% to 54.3%. Average survival of age-0 largemouth bass and smallmouth bass was 53% and 45%, respectively, for the period 1979 to 1983. Species-specific survival rates for predators age 2 and older ranged from 29% to 59%. Of the predators age 1 and older, largemouth bass were the most numerous at an estimated density of 61.2/ha, followed by striped bass at 16.3/ha. Age 1 and older smallmouth bass and walleye were less abundant, at densities of 8.2 and 2.0/ha, respectively.
A bioenergetics model was developed for striped bass and, with models developed for walleye and largemouth bass, used to estimate annual consumption of alewives and gizzard shad by the four piscivorous species. Annually, striped bass consumed the greatest amount of adult and young-of-year alewives, whereas largemouth bass ate nearly 70% of the total shad biomass consumed by all predators. A comparison of predator demand to clupeid supply substantiated diet overlap data; namely, that native and introduced predators were compatible in Smith Mountain Lake.
The striped bass bioenergetics model was used to make inferences about potential stocking strategies for striped bass based on availability of age-1 and older alewives. A stocking rate of 20-24 fingerlings/ha appears to maximize production of striped bass and minimize potential competitive interactions between striped bass and native black bass in Smith Mountain Lake.Ph. D.
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Rowat, David Robert Lionel. "Population Dynamics and Behaviour of Whale Shark (Rhincodon Typus, Smith 1828) in Costal Waters of The Seychelles." Thesis, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499140.
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Whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) are the world's largest living fish yet in 1980 Wolfson was able to document only 345 records of the species. The sharks have been recorded from around the Seychelles islands since 1768 and the area provides ideal opportunities for scientific investigation of the species. The distribution, abundance and movement of whale sharks were studied with a combination of aerial survey and in-water identification studies from 2001 to 2006. The temporal and spatial distribution of whale sharks was limited and patchy and was affected by physical and environmental parameters. These studies also showed that the population comprised mainly juvenile males with very few females or adult sized sharks. A large proportion of the sharks present bore scars due to either natural causes, anthropogenic causes, or a combination. Tagging and satellite tracking studies showed that the whale sharks migrate away from Seychelles, but that a large proportion, > 23%, are resighted around Seychelles in subsequent years. Digital photo-identification studies confirmed this high level of resighting and catch-markrecapture modelling estimated a population of 154-180 sharks during this period. Details of the sharks' behaviour revealed by Pop-up Archival Tags that showed the sharks spent a very large proportion of their time at water depths of less than 50 m, but made dives to depths in excess of 1000 m. These data also showed that the diel pattern of behaviour varied over time, probably in relation to bathymetry and other parameters. A two-year visual study of behaviour, based on aerial observations, indicated that the mean time spent swimming at the surface was significantly shorter when boats were in their direct vicinity (53 s c.f. 131 s). The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the management and conservation of the species in both local and international contexts.
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Chibwe, Deside Kudzai. "Flow behavior, mixing and mass transfer in a Peirce-Smith converter using physical model and computational fluid dynamics." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6798.
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Garcia, Adriano Gomes. "Computational modeling to describe the dynamics of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bt crop areas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-20032018-135036/.
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Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the main insect pests of the New World, and causes extensive damage to economically important crops such as cotton and corn. One of the most common control strategies is the use of Bt plants; however, their intense and indiscriminate use has led to the evolution of resistance in some populations. The establishment of a refuge can be a viable option to delay this process. Refuges consist of areas where non-Bt crops are planted, in order to provide susceptible insects to the population. In this study, I initially developed a model to describe the evolution of resistance of fall armyworm populations in different refuge configurations (seed mixture, blocks, and strips) and sizes (20% - 50%), considering the larval movement. I demonstrated that with a seed mixture, in most cases, the higher the rate of larval movement, the higher the proportion of resistant insects in the population, regardless of the type of resistance tested; meanwhile, strip configurations showed the opposite trend. In the second part of this study, I obtained data to validate the proposed model. The development of the fall armyworm on corn leaves was determined at five constant temperatures ranging from 14°C to 30°C. These data were also used to estimate the number of generations of fall armyworms at 42 locations in the state of Florida, from 2006 to 2016, which were interpolated and represented on maps, using GIS (Geographic Information System). I observed that counties farther south had the highest numbers of generations, and that fall armyworms should be able to overwinter as far north as ~29°N. Using the data obtained in the experiment, a new model was proposed, covering a wider range of conditions and allowing the user to define the crop area, the thermal requirements of the population studied, the viability and oviposition functions, the migration rate, the rate of larval movement and the frequency of alleles for resistance. The model was verified with monitoring data collected in a crop area in Florida from 2012 - 2015, only 70 km from the area that provided the population for the experiment. I also used the model to estimate the number of adults for 2016 and for two hypothetical situations that considered possible scenarios involving global warming (mean temperatures in 2016 + 1°C and + 2°C). The model succeeded in fitting the monitoring data, and indicated that the simulated increases in mean temperature could produce outbreaks nearly twice as large as the levels of fall armyworm estimated for 2016. The model can be used to estimate the population dynamics of S. frugiperda in a particular area, according to the crop composition and disposal, to investigate the effects of temperature changes on the levels of fall armyworm populations, to define appropriate refuge areas in order to manage the evolution of insect resistance, and to define the best periods for plantation and harvesting during the year to reduce pest populations, among others.Spodoptera frugiperda é um dos principais insetos-praga do hemisfério ocidental, causando diversos danos a cultivos de interesse econômico, como milho e algodão. Uma das estratégias mais comuns de controle é o uso de plantas Bt, contudo sua aplicação intensa e indiscriminada levou à evolução de resistência em algumas populações. O estabelecimento de refúgio pode representar uma opção viável para atrasar esse processo. Refúgios são áreas nas quais cultivos não-Bt são plantados de forma a fornecerem insetos suscetíveis para a população. Neste estudo, eu desenvolvi inicialmente um modelo para descrever a evolução de resistência de populações de S. frugiperda em diferentes configurações de refúgio (mistura de sementes, blocos e faixas) e tamanhos (20 - 50%), considerando o movimento larval. Eu demonstrei que para a mistura de sementes, na maioria dos casos, maiores taxas de movimentação larval implicavam em maiores proporções de insetos resistentes na população, independente do tipo de resistência testada, enquanto áreas com configurações em faixas apresentaram tendência oposta. Na segunda parte deste trabalho, eu obtive dados para validar o modelo proposto. O desenvolvimento de S. frugiperda em folhas de milho foram determinadas em 5 temperaturas constantes variando de 14°C a 30°C. Estes dados também foram utilizados para estimar o número de gerações do inseto em 42 localizações no estado da Flórida de 2006 a 2016, que foram interpolados e representados em mapas, utilizando SIG (Sistema de Informações Geográficas). Eu observei que condados mais ao sul apresentaram maior número de gerações e que S. frugiperda é capaz de passar o inverno abaixo de latitudes ~29°N. Utilizando os dados obtidos no experimento, um novo modelo foi proposto, considerando um intervalo maior de condições e permitindo ao usuário definir a área de cultivo, as exigências térmicas da população estudada, as funções de oviposição e viabilidade, a taxa de migração, a taxa de movimentação larval e a frequência do alelo de resistência. O modelo foi verificado com dados de monitoramento de 2012 a 2015, coletados em uma área de cultivo localizada na Flórida, distante apenas 70 km da área que forneceu a população para o experimento laboratorial. Eu também utilizei o modelo para estimar o número de adultos para 2016 e para duas situações hipotéticas que consideraram possíveis cenários envolvendo o aquecimento global (médias de temperaturas de 2016 + 1°C e + 2°C). O modelo se ajustou aos dados de monitoramento com sucesso e indicou que os aumentos simulados na temperatura média poderiam produzir surtos quase duas vezes maiores que os níveis de S. frugiperda estimados para 2016. O modelo pode ser usado para estimar a dinâmica populacional de S. frugiperda em uma determinada área de acordo com a composição e disposição dos cultivos, investigar os efeitos das mudanças de temperatura nos níveis populacionais, definir áreas de refúgio apropriadas para o manejo da evolução de resistência, definir os melhores períodos para plantação e colheita durante o ano de forma a reduzir a população da praga, entre outros.
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Chikvaidze, Mari [Verfasser], and Jeremy C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Smith. "Understanding structure, dynamics and function of escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase by molecular modelling and simulations / Mari Chikvaidze ; Betreuer: Jeremy C. Smith." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1177148617/34.
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Menezes, Netto Alexandre Carlos. "Fatores naturais e Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) na mortalidade de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em milho /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91352.
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Orientador: Odair Aparecido FernandesBanca: José Alexandre Freitas Barrigossi
Banca: Alexandre de Sene Pinto
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo coletar dados de fatores de mortalidade que determinam a regulação populacional da lagarta-do-cartucho do milho e também avaliar a interferência de Telenomus remus neste processo. Durante a safra de 2009 (cultivos de 1ª e 2ª safras) blocos experimentais com e sem liberação de T. remus foram instalados. As fases de ovo e larva foram avaliadas separadamente. Plantas de milho foram infestadas artificialmente com massas de ovos e larvas obtidas de criação de laboratório. As avaliações consistiram no registro de ovos remanescentes, assim como as interações ecológicas por meio de macrofotografias. Amostragens destrutivas diárias foram realizadas para registrar o número de larvas remanescentes e coletar e quantificar os inimigos naturais presentes. A mortalidade de larvas de ínstares iniciais foi maior do que a mortalidade de ovos. A predação foi o principal fator biótico de mortalidade, predominante na 1ª safra. Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) foi o predador mais importante. T. remus não parasitou ovos durante a 1ª safra e na 2ª safra, os níveis de parasitismo por este agente e a ocorrência natural de Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) foram baixos. Predação por insetos herbívoros, tais como Diabrotica sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) e Leptoglossus sp. (Hemiptera: Coreidae) foi registrada. Não foi observada predação em larvas, apesar da presença de Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), um reconhecido predador de lagartas de primeiros ínstares. Este predador foi bastante abundante, principalmente durante a 2ª safra
Abstract: This work aimed to obtain data of mortality key-factors that determine the fall armyworm (FAW) population regulation and also to assess the impact of Telenomus remus on this regulation. During the 2009, experimental blocks were designed with and without releases of T. remus during two growing seasons. The egg and larval stages were evaluated separately. Maize plants were artificially infested using egg masses and larvae from the laboratory mass rearing. The evaluations consisted of recording the number of remaining eggs, as well as ecological interactions through macrophotography. Daily destructive sampling was carried out to record the number of remaining larvae as well as to collect and to quantify the natural enemies. The earlyinstar mortality was larger than egg mortality. The predation was the main mortality biotic factor and predominant in the first growing season. Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) was the most abundant predator. T. remus did not parasitize any egg during the first growing season and the parasitism levels by this agent and naturally occurring Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were low on the second season. Predation by herbivorous insects such as Diabrotica sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Leptoglossus sp. (Hemiptera: Coreidae) was recorded. It was not observed any predation on larvae, despite the presence of Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a recognized FAW early instars predator. This predator was very abundant mainly during the second season
Mestre
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Kotas, Jorge Eduardo. "Dinâmica de populações e pesca do tubarão-martelo Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834), capturado no mar territorial e zona econômica exclusiva do sudeste-sul do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-08122015-105215/.
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O tubarão-martelo, Sphyrna lewini é um dos mais valiosos recursos marinhos, e o preço pago por suas barbatanas no mercado Asiático pode atingir acima dos U$ 100,00/kg. A análise da composição de tamanhos e idades nas capturas, o estudo do crescimento desta espécie de grande porte e a evolução temporal dos desembarques, indicaram que este recurso se encontra sobreexplotado no sudeste e sul do Brasil, como reflexo de diferentes modalidades pesqueiras atuando ao longo de todo o seu ciclo de vida e à baixa resiliência desta espécie à pesca, por apresentar um crescimento lento (L∞ = 329,12 cm; K = 0,071 ano-1; to = -2,37 ano; sexos combinados), longevidade acima dos 40 anos e mortalidade natural baixa (M = 0,1 ano-1 na fase adulta), padrões estes típicos de uma espécie K-estrategista . A sobrepesca de recrutamento, ocorre nas áreas costeiras, principalmente pela pesca de arrasto e emalhe costeiro, não havendo a proteção das áreas de parto na primavera-verão. Neste caso há grandes capturas de neonatos e juvenis até 8 anos de idade. A tração adulta por sua vez é reduzida pela pesca de espinheI e de emalhe de superfície principalmente na zona de talude. Modelos de análise de covariância indicaram maiores capturas desta espécie na pesca de espinheI de monofilamento de superfície durante os meses de primavera-verão, na zona de talude (200 e 3000 m) e a existência de uma relação linear positiva entre a captura em peso e o esforço em número de anzóis. Medidas de manejo e conservação para esta espécie são sugeridas.The scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini is one of the most valuable marine resources, due to its high-priced fins in the Asian market, which can reach U$ 100,00/kg. The analysis of the length and age composition in the catches, growth studies, and the annual development of its landings in southern Brazil, showed signs of overexploitation for the species. This effect was mainly caused by different fishing gears exploiting all the phases of its life-cycle and its low resilience to fishing pressure due to its slow-growing strategy (L∞ = 329,12 cm; K = 0,071 yr-1; to = -2,37 ano; both sexes), longevity (> 40 yrs.) and low natural mortality (M = 0,1 yr-1, during adult phase), which means a K\'strategic typical pattern. Recruitment overfishing use to happen in coastal areas by trawls and anchored gillnets activities which destroy the nurseries and juvenile grounds for the species, mainly in spring-summer months when the parturition occurs. On the other hand, the adult fraction of the stock is reduced by surface longline and driftnets activities along the continental slope. For the surface monofilament longline fisheries, covariance models detected the highest catches of scalloped hammerhead sharks along the slope (between 200 - 3000 m depth), during spring-summer months. There was also a positive linear relationship between catch (in weight) and effort (hook number). Management and conservation measures are recommended for this species.
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Menezes, Netto Alexandre Carlos [UNESP]. "Fatores naturais e Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) na mortalidade de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em milho." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91352.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo coletar dados de fatores de mortalidade que determinam a regulação populacional da lagarta-do-cartucho do milho e também avaliar a interferência de Telenomus remus neste processo. Durante a safra de 2009 (cultivos de 1ª e 2ª safras) blocos experimentais com e sem liberação de T. remus foram instalados. As fases de ovo e larva foram avaliadas separadamente. Plantas de milho foram infestadas artificialmente com massas de ovos e larvas obtidas de criação de laboratório. As avaliações consistiram no registro de ovos remanescentes, assim como as interações ecológicas por meio de macrofotografias. Amostragens destrutivas diárias foram realizadas para registrar o número de larvas remanescentes e coletar e quantificar os inimigos naturais presentes. A mortalidade de larvas de ínstares iniciais foi maior do que a mortalidade de ovos. A predação foi o principal fator biótico de mortalidade, predominante na 1ª safra. Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) foi o predador mais importante. T. remus não parasitou ovos durante a 1ª safra e na 2ª safra, os níveis de parasitismo por este agente e a ocorrência natural de Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) foram baixos. Predação por insetos herbívoros, tais como Diabrotica sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) e Leptoglossus sp. (Hemiptera: Coreidae) foi registrada. Não foi observada predação em larvas, apesar da presença de Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), um reconhecido predador de lagartas de primeiros ínstares. Este predador foi bastante abundante, principalmente durante a 2ª safra
This work aimed to obtain data of mortality key-factors that determine the fall armyworm (FAW) population regulation and also to assess the impact of Telenomus remus on this regulation. During the 2009, experimental blocks were designed with and without releases of T. remus during two growing seasons. The egg and larval stages were evaluated separately. Maize plants were artificially infested using egg masses and larvae from the laboratory mass rearing. The evaluations consisted of recording the number of remaining eggs, as well as ecological interactions through macrophotography. Daily destructive sampling was carried out to record the number of remaining larvae as well as to collect and to quantify the natural enemies. The earlyinstar mortality was larger than egg mortality. The predation was the main mortality biotic factor and predominant in the first growing season. Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) was the most abundant predator. T. remus did not parasitize any egg during the first growing season and the parasitism levels by this agent and naturally occurring Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were low on the second season. Predation by herbivorous insects such as Diabrotica sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Leptoglossus sp. (Hemiptera: Coreidae) was recorded. It was not observed any predation on larvae, despite the presence of Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a recognized FAW early instars predator. This predator was very abundant mainly during the second season
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Sutton, Trent M. "Early life history dynamics of a stocked striped bass (Morone saxatilis) population and assessment of strategies for improving stocking success in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia." Diss., This resource online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08082007-120312/.
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Tubini, Roberta. "Comparação entre regeneração de espécies nativas em plantios abandonados de Eucalyptus saligna Smith. e em fragmento de floresta ombrófila densa em São Bernardo do Campo/SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-12072006-153217/.
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No presente estudo verificou-se que não houve impedimento para o estabelecimento de espécies arbóreas no sub-bosque de plantios de Eucalyptus saligna Smith. sem nenhuma prática de manejo há 13 anos. Para quantificação desses processos de regeneração, este trabalho teve os seguintes objetivos específicos: analisar a composição florística, a estrutura, e alguns aspectos da dinâmica de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Densa, denominada área A1, comparando-a com a dinâmica de regeneração de espécies nativas em sub-bosque de plantios de E. saligna., abandonado há 13 anos, aqui denominada área A2. Foram alocadas 10 parcelas de 10 x 20m em cada área, onde foram efetuadas as análises da composição florística, fitossociológica, chuva de sementes e luminosidade. Foram realizadas coletas de amostras de solo para análise química. Os resultados indicam a ocorrência de 95 espécies distribuídas em 31 famílias na área A1, sendo 59 espécies exclusivas desta área. Na área A2 foram encontradas 53 espécies nativas, distribuídas em 25 famílias, com 17 espécies ocorrentes apenas nesta área. Estes valores apontam um índice de similaridade de 32% entre as áreas, ou seja, possuem 36 espécies em comum. Os resultados encontrados nos permitem classificar a área A1 em estágio médio e avançado de regeneração e a área A2 em estágio inicial de regeneração. Verificou-se também a possibilidade concreta de se recuperar a área com a remoção dos indivíduos de E. saligna, tendo em vista que a regeneração natural já se encontra em estágio acelerado nessa área.This study has shown that the natural establishment of tree species in the understory of abandoned Eucalyptus plantation for 13 years was not affected. For the quantification of the regeneration process, this study addressed the following objectives: study the floristic composition, vegetation structure and other aspects of vegetation dynamics of a tropical rain forest fragments, defined as: A1 area, which was compared with another area where native regeneration is happening in the understory of abandoned E. saligna., for 13 year, defined as A2. Ten permanent plots of 10 x 20m in each area were located, where analysis of floristic composition, phytosociology, seed rain and light intensity were conducted. Soil samples were also collected for fertility analysis. The results have shown an occurrence of 95 species from 31 families in A1 area, being 59 endemic species to this site. In the A2 area, 53 species of 25 families were found, being 17 endemic to this site. Similarity index was 32%. The results allow the classification of the A1 area as intermediate to advance stage of regeneration, while the A2 area is of early stage. The removal of Eucalyptus trees could also enhance the natural regeneration of the A2 area, and speeding the process up.
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Costa, Marco Antonio Anselmo Ramiro da. "Efeitos de três diferentes sistemas de colheita sobre a dinâmica, estrutura e a diversidade da regeneração natural em antigo plantio abandonado de Eucalyptus saligna Smith." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-23042015-173516/.
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Essa pesquisa buscou avaliar os efeitos da utilização de três diferentes sistemas de colheita florestal na dinâmica, estrutura e diversidade da regeneração natural, em talhão abandonado de Eucalyptus saligna Smith. O estudo foi realizado em área pertencente à Estação Experimental de Ciências Florestais da ESALQ-USP, no município de Itatinga/SP. A área amostral total é de 3,24 ha, sendo instalada em talhão abandonado há cerca de 40 anos, e que sofreu técnicas de colheita para extração de madeira há cerca de 2 anos atrás. O delineamento experimental aplicado foi o de blocos ao acaso que já fora utilizado em estudo realizado por Mendes (2012) na área. Para cada tratamento foi instalada 3 parcelas de 30 x 30 m em cada bloco, totalizando 9 parcelas por tratamento em uma área amostral de 0,81 ha por tratamento. Foi realizado um inventário da população de Eucalyptus saligna, bem como o levantamento fitossociológico de toda a regeneração natural H >= 1,30 m e DAP > 5,0 cm. Em sub-parcelas de 3x3 metros foram contados e plaqueados todos os indivíduos com H >= 0,50 m e DAP < 5,0 cm. Na testemunha foram mensurados 278 indivíduos de Eucalyptus saligna, apresentando uma densidade absoluta de 343,21 ind./ha. O volume total de eucalipto encontrado foi de 438,72 m3.ha-1 e a área basal total de 23,18 m2.ha-1. Nas 36 parcelas foram amostrados 1910 indivíduos, distribuídos em 168 espécies, pertencentes a 78 gêneros e 39 famílias. A densidade total estimada foi de 589,51 indivíduos por hectare para a classe de indivíduos da regeneração natural com DAP >= 5,0 cm e de 11.080 indivíduos/ha para a regeneração natural com DAP < 5,0 cm e H >= 0,50 m. As variáveis para o estudo dos efeitos na estrutura da vegetação foram quatro classes de danos em árvores: intactas, danificadas, rebrotadas e mortas. Em relação às classes de danos estruturais causados na vegetação, nota-se que não houve diferença significativa entre a colheita convencional e a colheita de impacto reduzido 2. Os melhores valores em termos de árvores intactas foram encontrados na colheita de impacto reduzido 1 (57,89%) e na testemunha (93,83%), no entanto estes tratamentos diferenciaram-se significativamente entre si. Para as árvores mortas, a menor taxa foi encontrada na testemunha (4,23%), seguida da colheita de impacto reduzido 1 com uma taxa de 16,98%. Avaliou-se a diversidade de espécies nativas cujo DAP >= 5,0 cm, através da análise do índice de diversidade de Shannon(H\'), riqueza de espécies (S) e equabilidade de Pielou (J\'). Foram calculadas as taxas de dinâmicas: mortalidade, recrutamento, ganho e perda em área basal, as taxas de rotatividade e as taxas de mudança líquida no período. A remoção total dos Eucaliptos plantados aumentou o recrutamento em comparação com a área controle (sem intervenção), no entanto, a diversidade de espécies foi maior na área controle (sem intervenção). A testemunha foi o único tratamento que apresentou diferença significativa entre o índice de diversidade de Shannon e a riqueza para o período comparado (logo após a colheita e após os 24 meses).This work aimed to evaluate the effect of three fallow systems in natural regeneration dynamics, structure and diversity in an abandoned plantation of Eucalyptus saligna Smith. Our study was carried out in the Itatinga Experimental Station of the University of São Paulo - USP, located in the county of Itatinga-SP, Brazil. The plantation has been abandoned for approximately 40 years; however, remaining E. saligna individuals were removed two years before our study under different harvesting systems. We used the randomized blocks design to sample 3.24 hectares in the study area. For each treatment, we placed three 30 x 30 m plots in each block totaling nine plots per treatment and a sampling area of 0.81 hectares per treatment. We sampled all E. saligna individuals, as well as natural regeneration with height >= 1.3 m and DBH >= 5,0 cm. In 3 x 3 m subplots we counted and tagged all individuals with height >= 5 cm and DBH < 5,0 cm. In the Control plots we found 278 individuals of E. saligna, which represents a density of 343.21 individuals/hectare. Total estimated wood volume of E. saligna was of 438,72 m3.ha-1, with a basal area of 23,18 m2.ha-1. In the 36 plots we sampled 1910 individuals, distributed in 168 species, 78 genus and 39 families. Natural regeneration density was of 589.51 individuals/hectare for individuals DBH > 5.0 cm and 11.080 individuals/hectare for individuals DBH < 5.0 cm and height >= 0.5 m. We studied the effect of fallow system in the vegetation structure considering four classes of damage to natural regeneration: intact, damaged, resprouted and dead. Our study shows that there was no significant difference between Conventional and Reduced Impact Logging 2 systems. The Reduced Impact Logging 1 and Control plots showed higher proportion of intact trees (57.89 % and 93.83 %, respectively), however, these treatments differed among each other. Control plots showed the lowest proportion of dead trees, followed by Reduced Impact Logging 1 (4.23 % and 16.98 %, respectively). We evaluated diversity of native individuals with DBH >= 5.0 cm through the Shannon diversity index (H\'), species richness (S) and Pielou equability (J\'). We calculated the dynamic rates ofmortality, recruitment, change in basal area, turnover and net change rates during the study period. Removal of planted E. saligna increased recruitment when compared to Control plots, however species diversity was higher in Control plots. Control plots were the only treatment that showed significant differences between the Shannon diversity Index and richness for the study period (i.e. right after logging and 24 months after logging).
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Zhao, Mengyao. "Genomic variation detection using dynamic programming methods." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104357.
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Thesis advisor: Gabor T. MarthBackground: Due to the rapid development and application of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, large amounts of NGS data have become available for genome-related biological research, such as population genetics, evolutionary research, and genome wide association studies. A crucial step of these genome-related studies is the detection of genomic variation between different species and individuals. Current approaches for the detection of genomic variation can be classified into alignment-based variation detection and assembly-based variation detection. Due to the limitation of current NGS read length, alignment-based variation detection remains the mainstream approach. The Smith-Waterman algorithm, which produces the optimal pairwise alignment between two sequences, is frequently used as a key component of fast heuristic read mapping and variation detection tools for next-generation sequencing data. Though various fast Smith-Waterman implementations are developed, they are either designed as monolithic protein database searching tools, which do not return detailed alignment, or they are embedded into other tools. These issues make reusing these efficient Smith-Waterman implementations impractical. After the alignment step in the traditional variation detection pipeline, the afterward variation detection using pileup data and the Bayesian model is also facing great challenges especially from low-complexity genomic regions. Sequencing errors and misalignment problems still influence variation detection (especially INDEL detection) a lot. The accuracy of genomic variation detection still needs to be improved, especially when we work on low- complexity genomic regions and low-quality sequencing data. Results: To facilitate easy integration of the fast Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data Smith-Waterman algorithm into third-party software, we wrote a C/C++ library, which extends Farrar's Striped Smith-Waterman (SSW) to return alignment information in addition to the optimal Smith-Waterman score. In this library we developed a new method to generate the full optimal alignment results and a suboptimal score in linear space at little cost of efficiency. This improvement makes the fast Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data Smith-Waterman become really useful in genomic applications. SSW is available both as a C/C++ software library, as well as a stand-alone alignment tool at: https://github.com/mengyao/Complete- Striped-Smith-Waterman-Library. The SSW library has been used in the primary read mapping tool MOSAIK, the split-read mapping program SCISSORS, the MEI detector TAN- GRAM, and the read-overlap graph generation program RZMBLR. The speeds of the mentioned software are improved significantly by replacing their ordinary Smith-Waterman or banded Smith-Waterman module with the SSW Library. To improve the accuracy of genomic variation detection, especially in low-complexity genomic regions and on low-quality sequencing data, we developed PHV, a genomic variation detection tool based on the profile hidden Markov model. PHV also demonstrates a novel PHMM application in the genomic research field. The banded PHMM algorithms used in PHV make it a very fast whole-genome variation detection tool based on the HMM method. The comparison of PHV to GATK, Samtools and Freebayes for detecting variation from both simulated data and real data shows PHV has good potential for dealing with sequencing errors and misalignments. PHV also successfully detects a 49 bp long deletion that is totally misaligned by the mapping tool, and neglected by GATK and Samtools. Conclusion: The efforts made in this thesis are very meaningful for methodology development in studies of genomic variation detection. The two novel algorithms stated here will also inspire future work in NGS data analysis
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology
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Burián, Pavel. "Detekce dynamických síťových aplikací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236387.
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This thesis deals with detection of dynamic network applications. It describes some of the existing protocols and methods of their identification from IP flow and packet contents. It constitues a design of a detection system based on the automatic creation of regular expressions and describes its implementation. It presents the created regular expressions for BitTorrent and eDonkey protocol. It compares their quality with the solution of L7-filter.
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Pařenica, Martin. "Implementace algoritmu pro hledání podobností DNA řetězců v FPGA." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236847.
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This paper describes sequence alignment algorithms of nucleotide sequences. There are described pairwise alignment algorithms using database search or dynamic programming. Then in the paper is description of dynamic programming for multiple sequences and algorithm that builds phylogenetic trees. At the end of the first part of the paper is the description of technology FPGA. In the second part that is more practical is described implemntation of the choosen one algorithm. This part includes also examples of some multiple alignments.
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Dillon-Leitch, Henry C. H. (Henry Cameron Hartley) Carleton University Dissertation Geology. "The Distribution of platinum-group elements and platinum-group minerals from the Donaldson West and surface deposits, Cape Smith Belt, Quebec: the roles of thermal and dynamic metamorphism." Ottawa, 1988.
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Jurásek, Petr. "Shlukování proteinových sekvencí na základě podobnosti primární struktury." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236761.
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This master's thesis consider clustering of protein sequences based on primary structure of proteins. Studies the protein sequences from they primary structure. Describes methods for similarities in the amino acid sequences of proteins, cluster analysis and clustering algorithms. This thesis presents concept of distance function based on similarity of protein sequences and implements clustering algorithms ANGES, k-means, k-medoids in Python programming language.
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Niculau, Edenilson dos Santos. "Contribuição à química dos compostos voláteis de Lippia alba (Mill) N. E. Brown e Pelargonium graveolens l’ Herit e atividade inseticida frente à Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2011. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6152.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThis work was divided into three parts focusing two main topics: the study of volatiles compouds of P. graveolens and the study of the essential oil of L. alba and its evaluation of insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda. The chapter 2 approuch the study of the volatile compounds of the leaves of P. graveolens extracted by dynamic headspace using Porapak Q® as adsorbent and in nature peat, a novel adsorbent in the extraction of plant volatiles, and the results were compared with those obtained by hidrodestilation. The results showed that hydrodistilation (HD) was more efficient for extracting linalool and citronellyl formate. While citroneol, geraniol and geranyl tiglate were obtained in greater quantity by dynamic headspace using in nature peat (HSD-T), isomenthone, 6,9- guaiadiene and - muurolene by headspace using Porapak Q® (HSD-P). The study of conversion proved that geraniol converts in linalool when geraniol is subjected to water vapor and high temperature, nevertheless a small ratio. This also prove, in parts, the high percentage of linalool obtained by HD compared to HSD-T and HSD-P. The chapter 3 approuch the study of the essential oils of 9 accessions of L. alba collected in 4 states of Brazil using statistical methods and checking the accessions with the best essential oil content. The statistical methods of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and Principal component analysis (PCA) were used to prove the experimental data and confirmation of training groups. Three groups representatives of the three chemotypes were formed: Group I was characterized by linalool and 1,8-cineole; group II, by limonene and carvone; and group III by neral and geranial. In chapter 4 was approached the evaluation of insecticidal activity of the essential oils of P. graveolens (PEL-001) and L. alba (accessions LA-10, LA-22 and LA-57) and also of the main compounds (geraniol, linalool, 1,8-cineole, limonene, carvone) against S. frugiperda via topical aplication. The test of topical application showed that the essential oils of P. graveolens (PEL-001) and L. alba (accessions LA-10, LA-22, LA-57) showed acute toxicity against larvae of S. frugiperda, causing mortality of up to 100% at a dose 192 μg/larvae.
O presente trabalho foi dividido em 3 partes os quais abordam 2 temas centrais: estudo dos compostos voláteis de Pelargonium graveolens e do óleo essencial de Lippia alba e avaliação de atividade inseticida frente à Spodoptera frugiperda. O capítulo 2 abordou o estudo dos voláteis das folhas de P. graveolens extraídos por headspace dinâmico utlizando Porapak Q® como adsorvente e turfa in natura, um adsorvente inédito empregado na extração de voláteis de plantas, sendo os resultados comparados com àqueles obtidos por hidrodestilação. Os resultados mostraram que a hidrodestilação (HD) foi mais eficiente na extração de linalol e formiato de citronelila. Enquanto citronelol, geraniol e tiglato de citronelila foram obtidos em maior proporção por headspace dinâmico utilizando turfa in natura como adsorvente (HSD-T), isomentona, 6,9- guaiadieno e -muuroleno foram identificados em maior proporção por headspace dinâmico utilizando Porapak Q® (HSD-P). O estudo de conversão comprovou que geraniol se converte em linalol, quando o geraniol é submetido a vapor d água e altas temperaturas, porém a um pequeno percentual. Isso também comprova, em partes, o alto percentual de linalol obtido por HD em relação à HSD-T e HSD-P. A extração do hidrolato revelou variações na composição volátil em comparação com os outros métodos de extração. O Capítulo 3 abordou o estudo dos óleos essenciais de 9 acessos de L. alba coletados em 4 estados do Brasil empregando métodos estatísticos e verificando os acessos com melhores teor de óleo essencial. Os métodos estatísticos de análise hierárquica de agrupamentos (HCA) e análise de componentes principais (PCA) foram empregados para comprovar os dados experimentais e confirmar a formação dos grupos. Três grupos, representando os três quimiotipos, foram formados, dos quais o grupo I foi caracterizado por linalol e 1,8-cineol, grupo II por limoneno e carvona e grupo III por neral e geranial. No capítulo 4 foi abordado a avaliação de atividade inseticida dos óleos essenciais de P. graveolens (PEL-001) e L. alba (acessos LA-10, LA-22 e LA-57), bem como dos seus principais compostos majoritários (geraniol, linalol, 1,8-cineol, limoneno e carvona) frente à S. VII frugiperda. O ensaio de aplicação tópica mostrou que óleos essenciais de P. graveolens (PEL-001) e L. alba (acessos LA-10, LA-22, LA-57) apresentaram toxicidade aguda nas lagartas S. frugiperda, ocasionando mortalidade de até 100% na dose 192 μg/lagarta.
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Mallmann, Rafael Mendes. "Arquiteturas em hardware para o alinhamento local de sequências biológicas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/56841.
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Bancos de dados biológicos utilizados para comparação e alinhamento local de sequências tem crescido de forma exponencial. Isso popularizou programas que realizam buscas nesses bancos. As implementações dos algoritmos de alinhamento de sequências Smith- Waterman e distância Levenshtein demonstraram ser computacionalmente intensivas e, portanto, propícias para aceleração em hardware. Este trabalho descreve arquiteturas em hardware dedicado prototipadas para FPGA e ASIC para acelerar os algoritmos Smith- Waterman e distância Levenshtein mantendo os mesmos resultados obtidos por softwares. Descrevemos uma nova e eficiente unidade de processamento para o cálculo do Smith- Waterman utilizando affine gap. Também projetamos uma arquitetura que permite particionar as sequências de entrada para a distância Levenshtein em um array sistólico de tamanho fixo. Nossa implementação em FPGA para o Smith-Waterman acelera de 275 a 494 vezes o algoritmo em relação a um computador com processador de propósito geral. Ainda é 52 a 113% mais rápida em relação, segundo nosso conhecimento, as mais rápidas arquiteturas recentemente publicadas.Bioinformatics databases used for sequence comparison and local sequence alignment are growing exponentially. This has popularized programs that carry out database searches. Current implementations of sequence alignment methods based on Smith- Waterman and Levenshtein distance have proven to be computationally intensive and, hence, amenable for hardware acceleration. This Msc. Thesis describes an FPGA and ASIC based hardware implementation designed to accelerate the Smith-Waterman and Levenshtein distance maintaining the same results yielded by general softwares. We describe an new efficient Smith-Waterman affine gap process element and a new architecture to partitioning and maping the Levenshtein distance into fixed size systolic arrays. Our FPGA Smith-Waterman implementation delivers 275 to 494-fold speed-up over a standard desktop computer and is also about 52 to 113% faster, to the best of our knowledge, than the fastest implementation in a most recent family of accelerators.
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Böhm, Julian. "Phénomènes de transport originaux dans des expériences micro-ondes via la mise en forme spatiale et spectrale." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4048/document.
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Le transport des ondes joue un rôle majeur dans les systèmes de communication comme le Wifi ou les fibres optiques. Les principaux problèmes rencontrés dans ces systèmes concernent la protection contre les intrusions, la consommation d’énergie et le filtrage modal. Nous proposons différentes expériences micro-ondes mettant toutes en œuvre une mise en forme des ondes, pour traiter ces problèmes. Dans une cavité micro-ondes, des états de diffusion particuliers sont générés en s’appuyant uniquement sur des mesures de transmission et sur le formalisme du temps de retard de Wigner-Smith. Ces états sont capables d’éviter une région déterminée de la cavité, de se concentrer sur un point particulier, ou de suivre une trajectoire d’une particule classique. Le filtrage de mode est mis en œuvre dans un guide d’ondes aux frontières ondulées et en présence de pertes dépendant de la position. Le profil du guide est choisi de façon à ce que les deux modes de Bloch qui se propagent encerclent un point exceptionnel. Cette trajectoire s’accompagne d’une transition non-adiabatique entre les deux modes et d'un filtrage asymétrique de ces modes. La thèse présente également des travaux liés à la problématique des algorithmes de « recherche quantique », notamment l’algorithme de Grover. Cette recherche est mise en œuvre dans un réseau en nid d’abeilles de résonateurs micro-ondes couplés, bien décrits par un modèle de liaisons fortes (le système constitue un analogue micro-ondes du graphène). Une expérience de preuve de principe propose la recherche de deux résonateurs distincts reliés au réseau. La loi d’échelle attendue pour cet algorithme est expérimentalement obtenue dans une chaîne linéaireTransport of waves plays an important role in modern communication systems like Wi-Fi or optical fibres. Typical problems in such systems concern security against possible intruders, energy consumption, time efficiency and the possibility of mode filtering. Microwave experiments are suited to study this kind of problems, because they offer a good control of the experimental parameters. Thus we can implement the method of wave shaping to investigate atypical transport phenomena, which address the mentioned problems. Wave front shaping solely based on the transmission together with the Wigner-Smith time delay formalism allows me to establish special scattering states in situ. These scattering states avoid a pre-selected region, focus on a specific spot or follow trajectories of classical particles, so called particle-like scattering states. Mode filtering is induced inside a waveguide with wavy boundaries and position dependent loss. The boundary profiles are chosen in such a way that the two propagating modes describe an encircling of an exceptional point in the Bloch picture. The asymmetric mode filtering is found due to the appearing non-adiabatic transitions. Another part of my work deals with Grover’s quantum search. I put such a search into practice in a two-dimensional graphene-lattice using coupled resonators, which form a tight-binding analogue. In this proof of principle experiment we search for different resonators attached to the graphene-lattice. Furthermore, the scaling behaviour of the quantum search is quantified for a linear chain of resonators
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Smith, Benjamin Baxter. "Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) spawning dynamics and early growth in the lower River Murray, South Australia / Benjamin B. Smith." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22161.
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"August 2004"Includes bibliographical references.
xi, 108 p. : ill., maps, plates ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
"This thesis extends and summarises Australian data on carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) reproductive biology and early growth. Specifically, it (1) validates the aging of larval and early-juveniles via daily otolith increment counts, (2) provides regression equations to account for shrinkage that occurs upon preservation of young-of-the-year (YOY) carp in 70 and 95% ethanol, (3-4) investigates the timing, frequency and duration of spawning via gonad staging and via a combination of gonad staging and YOY sampling, and (5) investigates relationships between YOY recruitment and nine hydro-climatic parameters, and examines spatial and temporal variation in YOY growth."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Discipline of Environmental Biology, 2004
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Mandal, Nirabhra. "Dynamics of a Stratified Population of Optimum Seeking Agents on a Network." Thesis, 2021. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5187.
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Very large scale multi-agent systems occur both naturally and in engineering applications. In many of these systems, the agents are either selfish or act with varying levels of coordination. Understanding the evolution of large populations of such agents has been of interest in diverse domains such as biology, ecology, sociology, economics, transportation engineering, robotics and control engineering. One specific area that has not been studied enough is the evolution of large populations on networks of choices. This specific setting has potential applications in the contexts of fleet redistribution of ride-sharing services, evolution of transportation mode choices of a population, opinion dynamics, human and insect swarm migrations and robotics swarms.
In this thesis, we consider a population composed of a continuum of agents that seek to maximize a payoff function by moving on a network. The nodes in the network may represent physical locations or abstract choices. The population is stratified and hence agents opting for the same choice may not get the same payoff. In particular, we assume payoff functions that model diminishing returns, that is, agents in "newer" strata of a node receive a smaller payoff compared to "older" strata. Moreover, at each time instant, the network imposes constraints on the set of choices that an agent can revise to.
We first model the population dynamics under three choice revision policies, each having varying levels of coordination - (i). no coordination and the agents are selfish, (ii). coordination among agents in each node and (iii). coordination across the entire population. To model the case with selfish agents, we generalize the Smith dynamics to our setting, where we have a stratified population and network constraints. We refer to this dynamics as stratified Smith dynamics or SSD. To model nodal coordination, we allow the fraction of population in a node, as a whole, to take the 'best response' to the state of the population in the node's neighborhood. We call this as nodal best response dynamics or NBRD. For the case of population-wide coordination, we explore a dynamics where the population evolves according to centralized gradient ascent of the social utility, though constrained by the network. We call this dynamics as network restricted payoff maximization or NRPM. In each case, we show that the dynamics has existence and uniqueness of solutions. We also show that the solutions from any initial condition asymptotically converge to the set of Nash equilibria and the social utility converges to a constant.
We then study the steady state of the population and the steady state social utility for the three dynamics SSD, NBRD and NRPM. We provide sufficient conditions on the network based on a maximum payoff density parameter of each node under which there exists a unique Nash equilibrium. We then utilize positive correlation properties of the dynamics to reduce the flow graph, in order to provide an upper bound on the steady state social utility. Finally we extend the idea behind the sufficient condition for the existence of a unique Nash equilibrium to partition the graph appropriately in order to provide a lower bound on the steady state social utility. We also illustrate interesting cases as well as our results using simulations.
Towards the end, we discuss some preliminary ideas to utilize this framework to control the population state to a desired configuration. We try to achieve this by changing the payoff functions at a much slower rate than the rate at which the population converges. We also look at ways to compute an optimal control action that achieves this.Centre for Networked Intelligence (a Cisco CSR initiative) of the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru; Robert Bosch Centre for Cyber-Physical Systems of the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
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Chen, Yu-jia, and 陳嘉瑜. "Policy Announcement,Holmes-Smyth Effect and Dynamic Adjustment under Fixed Exchange Rate." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18238795689296303224.
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Tzeng, Sheng-Fu, and 曾生富. "Holmes-Smyth Effect, Intertemporal Policy Mix and the Dynamic Adjustment of Stock Price." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04264364539505304745.
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Tseng, Yi-Ping, and 曾怡萍. "The Uncertainty of Monetary Policy Announcement and Dynamic Adjustment of Exchange Rate： Holmes-Smyth Effect." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73515148242651226583.
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碩士嶺東科技大學
財務金融研究所
96
As in the real society, the government often uses the news media to announce thefuture monetary policy, but at the same time, government does not explain explicitly tothe people on the scope of quantity margin increased; or, due to the poor credit that theformer government has, which creates the result of some people does not believe andsome does during the announcement; or, prior to the election, candidate made promise toexecute loose monetary policy, however, the probability of being elected will not equal to1. All of these policies announcement are a sign of uncertainty phenomenon.Consequently , this article will consider these policy facts into account. Also, in referenceto Dornbusch (1976) and Wilson (1979), there were no government taxation concept intheir article. However, in real society, the source of government expenditures is mainlycomes from the government tax revenue. At the same time when government increasestheir expenditures, they often require to increase the taxation to cover. Therefore, thisarticle also considered government taxation and balanced budget of government, andHolmes-Smyth effect would also be taken into account at the same time (it is going toextend the model assumption of Dornbusch (1976)) so as to construct the economicmodel that both outputs and prices could be changeable. Based on this model, one couldstudy the influence of currency policy announcement towards economic system. The main findings of this research are as follows. First, this is neutrality of money inthe long-run. Secondly, the government announced the range of currency suppliesincrease and the economic have the jump phenomenon when populace face theuncertainty currency supplies increase, When policy execution, the economic system has the jump phenomenon again.
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CHUNG, HSU CHIH, and 許志忠. "Intertemporal Policy Mix, the Holmes-Smyth Effect, Policy Uncertainty and Exchange Rate Dynamics under Dual Floating Exchange Rate Regimes." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97619190534868832343.
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Mei-Shin, Huang, and 黃美馨. "A Re-examination of the Exchange Rate Dynamics Effects of the Fiscal Policy under Holmes Smyth effects：The Theory and Empirical Study." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85851352034196277819.
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碩士嶺東科技大學
財務金融研究所
96
This article was based on the models developed by Dornbusch (1976) and Chang and Lai (1997), taking government's balanced budget and the Holmes-Smyth effect into our development for the function of aggregate supply to evaluate the dynamic changes to exchange rates, price levels and the long run equilibrium of our economy following an anticipated expansionary fiscal policy. We discovered that: the higher the multiple between income elasticity of money supply and price elasticity of trade, the more the exchange rate of an economy strengthens rapidly before the announcement of the policy. The shorter the time between policy announcement and policy execution, the more likely the exchange rate will overshooting; on the contrary the longer the time between policy announcement and policy execution, the more likely the exchange rate will undershooting. In other words, the timing between policy announcement and execution determines the short-term exchange rate volatility. In this thesis we conducted a Johansen cointegration test on the USD/NTD exchange rate, consumer price index, and government spending statistics between the period from July 1986 to January 2008; we found that cointegration existed between these three variables, implying a long term relationships between them. Consumer price and government spending were significantly positively correlated, which was consistent with the conclusion of our theory. Exchange rate and government spending were also significantly positively correlated; this result was different from the conclusion derived from Dournbusch's model (1976), suggesting the possible existence of the Holmes-Smyth effect. Finally, we concluded from Granger's causality test (1988) that: there is a significant one-way Granger causality from government to the exchange rate; there is also a significant one-way Granger causality from the consumer price to the exchange rate, and a significant one-way Granger causality from the consumer price to the government.
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HAI-CHEN, CHEN, and 陳海貞. "Uncertain Policy Increment of Intertemporal Policy Mix and Dynamic Adjustment of Stock Price-The Role of Holmes-Smyth Effect." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37231333603239282035.
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碩士東海大學
經濟系
103
Abstract This paper presents a macroeconomic uncertainty policy increment of intertemporal policy mix announcement model of flexible price and fixed output in a closed economy based on the framework developed by Tseng(2011), Liaw and Tseng(2012). We use the announcement effect approach of rational expectation to discover the influence of stock price dynamic adjustment pattern under the increment uncertainty of intertemporal policy mix? The major findings are (1) whether the actual policy increment of the policy authorities is different from the expectation of the public? (2) the relative magnitude of “the liquidity effect” and “the dividend effect”, (3) the relative magnitude of “the liquidity effect” and the sum of “the dividend effect” and “the Holmes-Smyth effect”, (4) the relative magnitude of the “the policy increment effect between fiscal and monetary policy”, (5) the relative magnitude of the “the policy announcement effect between fiscal and monetary policy” are the key determinants to decide the stock price dynamic adjustment pattern.