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1
Kwong, Alex S. F. "Examining the longitudinal nature of depressive symptoms in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)." Wellcome Open Research 4 (August 22, 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15395.1.
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Depression during adolescence is associated with a number of negative outcomes in later life. Research has examined the longitudinal nature of adolescent depression in order to identify patterns of depressive mood, the early antecedents and later consequences. However, rich longitudinal data is needed to better address these questions. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is an intergenerational birth cohort with nine repeated assessments of depressive symptoms throughout late childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. Depressive symptoms are measured using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Many studies have used ALSPAC to examine the longitudinal nature of depressive symptoms in combination with the wealth of early life exposure and later outcome data. This data note provides a summary of the SMFQ data, where the data are stored in ALSPAC, the characteristics and distribution of the SMFQ, and highlights some considerations for researchers wanting to use the SMFQ data in ALSPAC.
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Kwong, Alex S. F. "Examining the longitudinal nature of depressive symptoms in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)." Wellcome Open Research 4 (October 4, 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15395.2.
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Depression during adolescence is associated with a number of negative outcomes in later life. Research has examined the longitudinal nature of adolescent depression in order to identify patterns of depressive mood, the early antecedents and later consequences. However, rich longitudinal data is needed to better address these questions. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is an intergenerational birth cohort with nine repeated assessments of depressive symptoms throughout late childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. Depressive symptoms are measured using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Many studies have used ALSPAC to examine the longitudinal nature of depressive symptoms in combination with the wealth of early life exposure and later outcome data. This data note provides a summary of the SMFQ data, where the data are stored in ALSPAC, the characteristics and distribution of the SMFQ, and highlights some considerations for researchers wanting to use the SMFQ data in ALSPAC.
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Abdel Latef, Arafat Abdel Hamed, Mona F. A. Dawood, Halimeh Hassanpour, Maryam Rezayian, and Nabil A. Younes. "Impact of the Static Magnetic Field on Growth, Pigments, Osmolytes, Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity, Antioxidant Defense System, and Yield in Lettuce." Biology 9, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9070172.
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Magnetic fields are an unavoidable physical factor affecting living organisms. Lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa var. cabitat L.) were subjected to various intensities of the static magnetic field (SMF) viz., MF0 (control), SMF1 (0.44 Tesla (T), SMF2 (0.77 T), and SMF3 (1 T) for three exposure times (1, 2, and 3 h). SMF-treated seedlings showed induction in growth parameters and metabolism comparing to control. All photosynthetic pigments were induced markedly under SMF, especially chlorophyll a. SMF at different intensities boosted osmolytes, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity over non-magnetized seedlings. Oxidative damage criteria viz., hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, and lipid peroxidation, as well as polyphenol oxidase activity, were kept at low values under SMF-treated seeds relative to control, especially SMF2. Electron donors to antioxidant enzymes including nitrate reductase, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide induced via SMF exposure and consequently the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferases, catalase, and peroxidases family enzymes were also stimulated under SMF, whatever the intensity or the exposure period applied. All these regulations reflected on the enhancement of lettuce yield production which reached 50% over the control at SMF3. Our findings offered that SMF-seed priming is an innovative and low-cost strategy that can improve the growth, bioactive constituents, and yield of lettuce.
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Shetty, Janavi, Florence Perquier, Susan C. Campisi, Yaqub Wasan, Madison Aitken, Daphne J. Korczak, Suneeta Monga, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Peter Szatmari, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. "Psychometric properties of the Sindhi version of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) in a sample of early adolescents living in rural Pakistan." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): e0000968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000968.
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There is a need for reliable and valid screening tools that assess depressive symptoms in adolescents in Pakistan. To address this need, the present study examined the psychometric properties and factor structure of a Sindhi-translated and adapted version of the child-report Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ-C) and the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ-C) in a community sample of adolescents living in Matiari, Pakistan. Questionnaires were translated into Sindhi and administered by study psychologists to 1350 participants (52.3% female) 9.0 to 15.9 years old. Measurement structure was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was estimated, and convergent and divergent validity were explored using subscales from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. The unidimensional structure of the MFQ-C was found to be adequate, but a four-factor structure comprising core mood, vegetative, cognitive and agitated distress symptoms best fit the data (CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.05). The original unidimensional structure of the SMFQ-C was supported (CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.07). The MFQ-C and the SMFQ-C respectively showed excellent (α = 0.92) and good internal consistency (α = 0.87) as well as satisfactory construct validity with some differences observed across the MFQ-C subscales. The SMFQ-C and the adapted MFQ-C appear to be reliable and valid measures of depressive symptoms among early adolescents living in rural Pakistan. Both total and subscale scores can be derived from the MFQ-C to assess general and specific dimensions of depressive symptoms in this population.
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Damnjanovic, M., A. Lakic, D. Stevanovic, and A. Jovanovic. "Effects of mental health on quality of life in children and adolescents living in residential and foster care: a cross-sectional study." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 20, no. 3 (March 29, 2011): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796011000291.
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Aims.This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of mental health and quality of life (QOL) in children and adolescents living in residential and foster care.Methods.Two hundred and sixteen children and adolescents, aged 8–18 years, from residential and foster care participated. QOL was assessed using the Pediatric Quality-of-Life Inventory (PedsQL), levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms using the screen for child anxiety-related emotional disorders (SCARED) questionnaire and the short mood and feeling questionnaire (SMFQ), and general mental health through use of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ).Results.The children and adolescents from residential care had significantly low QOL and more frequently had mental health problems. A stepwise linear regression was performed to test the associations between the SCARED, SMFQ and SDQ scores, and PedsQL (QOL). Anxiety, depressive symptoms and general mental difficulties account for significant variations in QOL (p < 0.001).Conclusions.Mental health problems have significant negative effects on the QOL of children and adolescents living in residential and foster care.
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Prativa, Sanchary, and Farah Deeba. "Relationship between parenting styles and depression in adolescents." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v28i1.46492.
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This study aimed at examining the relationship between parenting styles and depression in adolescents. Convenient sampling was used to collect 100 adolescents (Mean age = 15.25 years, Sd = 0.90) from two colleges of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Parental Attitude Questionnaire (PAQ) was used to measure parenting styles and two other self-report measures, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) were used to assess depression in adolescents. From multiple regression analysis significant relationship was found between parenting style and adolescents’ depression measured by one self-rating scale. The overall regression model for investigating the relationship between parenting style and depression in adolescent was significant with HADS, (F = 3.77, p = 0.007) but not significant with SMFQ scores (F = 0.880, p = 0.454). For the dependent variable of depression measured by HADS, the strongest predictors were authoritative parenting style (β = –0.28, p = 0.03) and monthly income of the family which is also significant (β = 0.25, p = 0.01). Implications of the findings for child rearing and research are discussed.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 28(1): 49-59, 2019 (January)
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Khandaker, G. M., J. Stochl, S. Zammit, I. Goodyer, G. Lewis, and P. B. Jones. "Childhood inflammatory markers and intelligence as predictors of subsequent persistent depressive symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 9 (November 15, 2017): 1514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717003038.
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AbstractBackgroundTo identify developmental sub-groups of depressive symptoms during the second decade of life, a critical period of brain development, using data from a prospective birth cohort. To test whether childhood intelligence and inflammatory markers are associated with subsequent persistent depressive symptoms.MethodsIQ, a proxy for neurodevelopment, was measured at age 8 years. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein, typical inflammatory markers, were measured at age 9 years. Depressive symptoms were measured six times between 10 and 19 years using the short mood and feelings questionnaire (SMFQ), which were coded as binary variable and then used in latent class analysis to identify developmental sub-groups of depressive symptoms.ResultsLongitudinal SMFQ data from 9156 participants yielded three distinct population sub-groups of depressive symptoms: no symptoms (81.2%); adolescent-onset symptoms (13.2%); persistent symptoms (5.6%). Lower IQ and higher IL-6 levels in childhood were independently associated with subsequent persistent depressive symptoms in a linear, dose–response fashion, but not with adolescent-onset symptoms. Compared with the group with no symptoms the adjusted odds ratio for persistent depressive symptoms per s.d. increase in IQ was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.68–0.95); that for IL-6 was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.03–1.39). Evidence for an association with IL-6 remained after controlling for initial severity of depressive symptoms at 10 years. There was no evidence that IL-6 moderated or mediated the IQ-persistent depressive symptom relationship.ConclusionsThe results indicate potentially important roles for two distinct biological processes, neurodevelopment and inflammation, in the aetiology of persistent depressive symptoms in young people.
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Glaser, B., D. Gunnell, N. J. Timpson, C. Joinson, S. Zammit, G. Davey Smith, and G. Lewis. "Age- and puberty-dependent association between IQ score in early childhood and depressive symptoms in adolescence." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 2 (May 12, 2010): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291710000814.
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BackgroundLower cognitive functioning in early childhood has been proposed as a risk factor for depression in later life but its association with depressive symptoms during adolescence has rarely been investigated. Our study examines the relationship between total intelligence quotient (IQ) score at age 8 years, and depressive symptoms at 11, 13, 14 and 17 years.MethodStudy participants were 5250 children and adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and their Children (ALSPAC), UK, for whom longitudinal data on depressive symptoms were available. IQ was assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III, and self-reported depressive symptoms were measured with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ).ResultsMulti-level analysis on continuous SMFQ scores showed that IQ at age 8 years was inversely associated with depressive symptoms at age 11 years, but the association changed direction by age 13 and 14 years (age–IQ interaction, p<0.0001; age squared–IQ interaction, p<0.0001) when a higher IQ score was associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms. This change in IQ effect was also found in relation to pubertal stage (pubertal stage–IQ interaction, 0.00049<p⩽0.038). At age 17 years, however, sex-specific differences emerged (sex–age squared–IQ interaction, p=0.0075). Whilst the risk effect of higher childhood IQ scores for depressive symptoms declined in females, and some analyses even supported an inverse association by age 17 years, it persisted in males.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the association between cognitive ability in childhood and depressive symptoms in adolescence varies according to age and/or pubertal stage.
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Ammar, Achraf, Patrick Mueller, Khaled Trabelsi, Hamdi Chtourou, Omar Boukhris, Liwa Masmoudi, Bassem Bouaziz, et al. "Psychological consequences of COVID-19 home confinement: The ECLB-COVID19 multicenter study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): e0240204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240204.
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Background Public health recommendations and government measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have enforced restrictions on daily-living. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on mental health and emotional wellbeing is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey (ECLB-COVID19) was launched on April 6, 2020 in seven languages to elucidate the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on mental health and emotional wellbeing. Methods The ECLB-COVID19 electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists, following a structured review of the literature. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online-survey-platform and was promoted by thirty-five research organizations from Europe, North-Africa, Western-Asia and the Americas. All participants were asked for their mental wellbeing (SWEMWS) and depressive symptoms (SMFQ) with regard to “during” and “before” home confinement. Results Analysis was conducted on the first 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%). The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on both mental-wellbeing and on mood and feelings. Specifically, a significant decrease (p < .001 and Δ% = 9.4%) in total score of the SWEMWS questionnaire was noted. More individuals (+12.89%) reported a low mental wellbeing “during” compared to “before” home confinement. Furthermore, results from the mood and feelings questionnaire showed a significant increase by 44.9% (p < .001) in SMFQ total score with more people (+10%) showing depressive symptoms “during” compared to “before” home confinement. Conclusion The ECLB-COVID19 survey revealed an increased psychosocial strain triggered by the home confinement. To mitigate this high risk of mental disorders and to foster an Active and Healthy Confinement Lifestyle (AHCL), a crisis-oriented interdisciplinary intervention is urgently needed.
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Shanaube, Kwame, Thomas Gachie, Graeme Hoddinott, Albertus Schaap, Sian Floyd, Tila Mainga, Virginia Bond, Richard Hayes, Sarah Fidler, and Helen Ayles. "Depressive symptoms and HIV risk behaviours among adolescents enrolled in the HPTN071 (PopART) trial in Zambia and South Africa." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): e0278291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278291.
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Background Mental health is a critical and neglected public health problem for adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper we aim to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the association with HIV risk behaviours in adolescents aged 15–19 years in Zambia and SA. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey from August-November 2017 in seven control communities of HPTN 071 (PopART) trial (a community-randomised trial of universal HIV testing and treatment), enrolling approximately 1400 eligible adolescents. HIV-status was self-reported. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ), with a positive screen if adolescents scored ≥12. We fitted a logistic regression model to identify correlates of depressive symptoms with subgroup analyses among those who self-reported ever having had sex, by gender and country. Results Out of 6997 households approached, 6057 (86.6%) were enumerated. 2546 adolescents were enumerated of whom 2120 (83.3%) consented to participate and were administered the SMFQ. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 584/2120 (27.6%) [95%CI: 25.7%-29.5%]. Adolescents in SA were less likely to experience depressive symptoms (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.63 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.79), p-value<0.0001). Female adolescents (AOR = 1.46 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.81), p-value<0.0001); those who reported ever having sex and being forced into sex (AOR = 1.80 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.23), p-value<0.001) and AOR = 1.67 (95% CI: 0.99, 2.84); p-value = 0.057 respectively) were more likely to experience depressive symptoms. Among 850 (40.1%) adolescents who self-reported to ever having had sex; those who used alcohol/drugs during their last sexual encounter were more likely to experience depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.18 (95% CI: 1.37, 3.47); p-value = 0.001), whereas those who reported using a condom were less likely to experience depressive symptoms (AOR = 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55, 1.00); p-value = 0.053). Conclusion The prevalence of depressive symptoms among adolescents ranged from 25–30% and was associated with increased HIV-risk behaviour.
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Zhang, Shiyi, Yanni Shen, Tao Xin, Haoqi Sun, Yilu Wang, Xiaotong Zhang, and Siheng Ren. "The development and validation of a social media fatigue scale: From a cognitive-behavioral-emotional perspective." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245464.
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Social media fatigue (SMF), which refers to social media users’ tendency to withdraw from social media because of feeling overwhelmed, is closely related to individuals’ social life and well-being. Many studies focused on understanding SMF and exploring its enablers and influences. However, few pieces of research administered a standard measurement of SMF. This study aimed to develop and validate a measure of SMF, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1599 participants in total. Semi-structured interviews of 30 participants were firstly conducted as a pilot study, and an initial version of the social media fatigue scale (SMFS) with 24 items was generated. Then, both exploratory factor analysis (N = 509) and confirmatory factor analysis (N = 552) as well as reliability and validity analysis (N = 508) were conducted and a 15-item SMFS was finally developed. The results demonstrated that: 1) SMF was a multi-dimension concept including a cognitive aspect, an emotional aspect and a behavioral aspect; 2) the three-dimensional structure of the SMFS (cognitive-behavioral-emotional structure) fitted the data well; 3) the McDonald’s Omega coefficients for the SMFS was 0.83, suggesting that the SMFS was reliable; 4) criterion validity was satisfactory as indicated by both the significant correlations between self-rated scores of fatigue and total SMFS scores and the significant regression model of SMF on social media privacy, social media confidence, and negative feeling after comparison. Based on the Limited Capacity Model, the present study expanded SMF from a unidimensional model to a three-dimension model, and developed a 15-item SMFS. The study enriched the existing knowledge of SMF, and coined a reliable and valid tool for measuring it. Besides, concluding the typical characteristics of SMF, the study may provide some inspiration for both researchers and social media managers and operators in mitigating SMF.
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Ola, Bolanle, Rakendu Suren, and Cornelius Ani. "Depressive symptoms among children whose parents have serious mental illness: Association with children’s threat-related beliefs about mental illness." South African Journal of Psychiatry 21, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v21i3.680.
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<p><strong>Background. </strong>Sixty-eight per cent of women and 57% of men with mental illness are parents. There is increasing evidence of adverse psychosocial impact of parental mental illness on their children. However, among children whose parents have mental illness, the potential contribution of the children’s beliefs about mental illness to their own emotional distress is still poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Aim. </strong>To explore among children whose parents have serious mental illness, the relationship between the children’s beliefs about mental illness and their own depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methodology. </strong>We conducted an interview-administered questionnaire survey of 67 Nigerian children whose parents were psychiatric inpatients. The children’s beliefs about mental illness were explored with five questions – two of which embedded threat-related beliefs. Their depressive symptoms were assessed with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) (Cronbach alpha 0.91). Based on stigma theory, we hypothesised that among this cohort, the children who hold threat-related beliefs about people with mental illness would report statistically significantly more depressive symptoms than those without similar beliefs. </p><p><strong>Results. </strong>The mean age (standard deviation (SD)) of the children was 13.3 (2.8) years, and 38% were males. Twenty-four per cent of the children believed mental illness is infectious. In line with our hypothesis, those holding this belief had statistically significantly more depressive symptoms compared with those without similar beliefs (<em>p</em>=0.001). Fifty-seven per cent of the children believed that people with mental illness are dangerous. However, contrary to our hypothesis, this belief was not associated with increased depressive symptoms (<em>p</em>=0.2). Multiple regression showed that statistically significant predictors of increased emotional symptoms were ‘belief that mental illness is infectious’ and younger age. The model explained 39.8% of the variance in SMFQ.</p><p><strong>Conclusion. </strong>In this and similar settings, psycho-education for children whose parents have serious mental illness should explore whether the children believe that mental illness is infectious. Providing reassurance to children holding such beliefs could reduce their risk of psychological distress.</p>
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Sucupira, Eduardo, Miguel Sabino Neto, Gal Moreira Dini, Maria José Azevedo de Brito, and Lydia Masako Ferreira. "Brazilian Portuguese version of the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) for screening children and adolescents seeking plastic surgery." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 69, no. 3 (March 2016): e69-e70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2015.12.019.
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Fan, Yixiang, Xin Yu, Biao Yu, Xinmiao Ji, Xiaofei Tian, Chao Song, and Xin Zhang. "Life on Magnet: Long-Term Exposure of Moderate Static Magnetic Fields on the Lifespan and Healthspan of Mice." Antioxidants 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010108.
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All living organisms on the Earth live and evolve in the presence of the weak geomagnetic field, a quasi-uniform static magnetic field (SMF). In the meantime, although the effects of moderate and high SMFs have been investigated on multiple aspects of a living organism, a long-term SMF exposure of more than 1 year has never been reported. Here, we investigated the influence of a moderate SMF (70–220 mT head-to-toe) long-term continuous exposure (1.7 years) to two different SMF directions on healthy male C57BL/6 mice. We found that not only was the lifespan of the mice prolonged, but their healthspan was also improved. The elevated plus maze test and open field test show that SMFs could significantly improve the exploratory and locomotive activities of the aged mice. The Morris water maze test shows that SMFs could improve their spatial learning ability and spatial memory. Tissue examinations reveal that SMFs have an ameliorative effect on oxidative stress in the brain of aged mice, which was reinforced by the cellular assays, showing that SMFs could protect the PC12 cells from D-gal-induced senescence by increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reducing the malonaldehyde levels. Therefore, our data show that the 1.7-year SMF exposure can improve both the lifespan and healthspan of naturally aged mice due to reduced oxidative stress, which indicates that SMFs have the potential to be used as an adjuvant physical therapy to reduce the ageing-induced health risks to benefit animals, and even humans.
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Jarbin, Håkan, Tord Ivarsson, Markus Andersson, Hanna Bergman, and Gudmundur Skarphedinsson. "Screening efficiency of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) and Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) in Swedish help seeking outpatients." PLOS ONE 15, no. 3 (March 25, 2020): e0230623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230623.
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Holzhauer, Hunter M., Timothy A. Krause, Judson Russell, Deborah Harrell, and Arindam Bandopadhyaya. "Student Managed Funds – a panel discussion." Managerial Finance 46, no. 4 (April 2, 2019): 458–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-08-2018-0406.
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Purpose Student Managed Funds (SMFs) are extremely popular investment programs at many colleges and universities that provide their students with experiential learning opportunities to manage real money. However, the size, scope and specific features of these SMFs differ substantially. The purpose of this paper is to deliberate about a panel discussion on several important SMF issues that took place at the Southern Finance Association conference in November, 2016. Design/methodology/approach The panel includes one moderator and four panelists, all of whom serve as SMF faculty directors at their respective schools. Findings The panelists’ answers show that almost no two SMFs are created the same, supervised the same way by different faculty directors or managed the same way by their respective students. Originality/value The panelists provide insight about their respective SMFs and offer advice on how to create SMFs and how to supervise students managing SMFs in a more effective manner.
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Lew, Wei-Zhen, Sheng-Wei Feng, Sheng-Yang Lee, and Haw-Ming Huang. "The Review of Bioeffects of Static Magnetic Fields on the Oral Tissue-Derived Cells and Its Application in Regenerative Medicine." Cells 10, no. 10 (October 5, 2021): 2662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10102662.
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Magnets have been widely used in dentistry for orthodontic tooth movement and denture retention. Nevertheless, criticisms have arisen regarding the biosafety of static magnetic field (SMF) effects on surrounding tissues. Various controversial pieces of evidence have been discussed regarding SMFs on cellular biophysics, but little consensus has been reached, especially in the field of dentistry. Thus, the present paper will first review the safe use of SMFs in the oral cavity and as an additive therapy to orthodontic tooth movement and periodontium regeneration. Then, studies regarding SMF-incorporated implants are reviewed to investigate the advantageous effects of SMFs on osseointegration and the underlying mechanisms. Finally, a review of current developments in dentistry surrounding the combination of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and SMFs is made to clarify potential future clinical applications.
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Hong, Ju-Hee, Jun-Yeon Lee, Hyun-Ju Ha, Jin-Hyo Lee, Seok-Ryul Oh, Young-Min Lee, Mok-Young Lee, and Kyung-Duk Zoh. "Occurrence and Sources of Synthetic Musk Fragrances in the Sewage Treatment Plants and the Han River, Korea." Water 13, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040392.
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Levels of synthetic musk fragrances (SMFs) and various personal care products (PCPs) were measured in the Han River and its tributaries in Seoul, Korea. The most abundant SMF in all river and PCP samples was 4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-1,3,4,7-tetrahydrocyclopenta(g)sochromene (HHCB), followed by 1-(3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-6,7-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone (AHTN), musk ketone (MK), and 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-2,5,6,7-tetrahydroinden-4-one (DPMI). The most abundant SMF in both PCPs and the Han River samples was HHCB, followed by AHTN. Moving from upstream to downstream in the Han River, the median SMF concentration was 6.756, 2.945, 0.304, and 0.141 μg/L in the sewage treatment plant (STP) influents, effluents, tributaries, and mainstream, respectively, implying that effective SMF removal was achieved during the sewage treatment process, followed by dilution in the receiving water. Four STPs using advanced biological treatment processes had removal efficiencies of 58.5%, 56.8%, and 38.1% for HHCB, AHTN, and MK, respectively. The highest SMF concentrations in the tributaries were observed at locations close to the STPs. Our study confirmed that the main source of SMFs in the receiving water were sewage effluents containing untreated SMFs, which largely originate from household PCPs, especially hair care products (e.g., shampoo) and perfumes.
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Yang, Xingxing, Biao Yu, Chao Song, Chuanlin Feng, Jing Zhang, Xinyu Wang, Guofeng Cheng, Rui Yang, Wei Wang, and Yong Zhu. "The Effect of Long-Term Moderate Static Magnetic Field Exposure on Adult Female Mice." Biology 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11111585.
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Because of the high cost and safety of ultra-high magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), its application has certain limitations. Whereas 0.5–3 T MRI has been widely applied in hospitals, static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been shown to improve mice mental health and have anti-tumor potentials. Here, we compared the effects of the upward and downward 150 mT SMF groups with the sham group on C57BL/6J adult female mice. Locomotor and exploratory activity were also measured by behavioral tests, including the open field and elevated plus test. Additionally, physiology, pathology indicators and gut microbiota were examined. We found that 150 mT SMFs long-term exposure enhanced locomotive and exploratory activity of mice, especially the downward 150 mT SMF. Compared with the downward 150 mT SMF group, the movement speed and distance in the center area of the sham group were increased by 65.99% (p < 0.0001) and 68.58% (p = 0.0038), respectively. Moreover, compared to the sham group, downward 150 mT SMF increased the number of entrances to the center area by 67.0% (p = 0.0082) and time in the center area by 77.12% (p = 0.0054). Additionally, we observed that upward 150 mT SMF improved the number of follicles (~2.5 times, p = 0.0325) and uterine glands through increasing the total antioxidant capacity and reducing lipid peroxidation level in mice. Gut microbiome analysis showed that 150 mT SMFs long-term exposure improved the microbiota abundance (Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Ralstonia and Yaniella) in the genus level, which may affect metabolism, anxiety and behavior in adult female mice. Our results demonstrated that 150 mT SMFs long-term exposure not only had good biosafety, but also improved athletic performance, emotion and the function of ovarian, uterine and gut microbiota abundance in adult female mice, which unraveled the potential of moderate long-term SMF exposure in clinical applications.
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Ramania, Nia Sri, and Rini Syafriani. "Efek Pandemik Covid-19 Pada Aktivitas Fisik, Pola Makan, dan Psikologi Pada Mahasiswa Tahap Persiapan Bersama di ITB." Jurnal Sains Keolahragaan dan Kesehatan 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jskk.2021.6.1.1.
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Aktivitas fisik, pola makan, dan faktor psikologi terpengaruh dalam situasi pandemik Covid-19 ini. tujuan daripada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran data melalui kuesioner terkait efek pandemik pada mahasiswa tahun pertama belajar, yang terfokuskan pada tiga variable yaitu aktivitas fisik, pola makan, dan psikologi. Pada penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini, melibatkan (n = 776) mahasiswa-mahasiswi tahun pertama yang belajar di Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), yang terdiri dari putra (n = 357), dan putri (n = 419). Seluruh peserta diwajibkan untuk mengisi kuesioner tentang aktivitas fisik mengacu pada physical activity International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), pola makan selama masa pandemik mengacu pada Short Diet Behaviours Questionnaire for Lockdowns (SDBQL), dan untuk psikolgy pada masa pandemik mengacu pada Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Pada aktivitas fisik, mahasiswa-mahasiswi menjawab 57% melakukannya kurang dari dua kali per-minggu. Pada pola makan, 58.2% mahasiswa-mahasiswi mengatakan bahwa mereka menyadari akan meningkatnya jumlah konsumsi makanan, dan 82.7% daripada mereka mengetahui bahwa mereka mengkonsumsi makan-makanan ringan yang dinilai rendah akan nilai gizinya. Pada psikologi, 56.2% mahasiswa-mahasiswi mengalami ketakutan dan kekhawatiran dalam masa pandemik ini. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya angka melakukan aktivitas fisik, terdapat perubahan pola makan selama masa pandemik ini, dan tingginya level kecemasan akan pandemik Covid-19 pada mahasiswa-mahasiswi Tahap Persiapan Bersama ITB.
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Yu, Xin, Xinmiao Ji, Yixiang Fan, Biao Yu, Xinyu Wang, Chuanlin Feng, Lei Zhang, Chao Song, and Xin Zhang. "Static Magnetic Fields Protect against Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Toxicity." Antioxidants 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010073.
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Cisplatin is one of the most widely used anti-cancer drugs that can effectively inhibit the growth of multiple types of cancer. However, its clinical application is limited by its severe side effects, especially kidney toxicity, caused by cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and kidney cell apoptosis. Here, we found that moderate (a few hundred mT) quasi-uniform static magnetic fields (SMFs) could inhibit cisplatin-induced renal proximal tubular cell death, especially the vertically downward direction SMF. RNA-seq experiments demonstrate that SMFs induced differential gene expressions that are closely associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, cytokine production, transmembrane transport and DNA repair. In vivo experiments show that SMFs can reduce cisplatin-induced kidney injury in cisplatin-administrated tumor-bearing mice by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, high-dose cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity can be effectively alleviated by SMF treatment of as little as one day, which significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species levels in kidneys and prolonged the mice’s survival. Moreover, the concentration of cisplatin in the kidney was significantly attenuated in SMF-treated mice. Therefore, our study demonstrates the effects of moderate SMFs as a novel physical method to reduce oxidative stress, and revealed their future potential to be used against cisplatin-induced kidney toxicity in cancer treatment.
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Wu, Haokaifeng, Chuang Li, Muqaddas Masood, Zhen Zhang, Esther González-Almela, Alvaro Castells-Garcia, Gaoyang Zou, et al. "Static Magnetic Fields Regulate T-Type Calcium Ion Channels and Mediate Mesenchymal Stem Cells Proliferation." Cells 11, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 2460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11152460.
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The static magnetic fields (SMFs) impact on biological systems, induce a variety of biological responses, and have been applied to the clinical treatment of diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this report, by using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a model, we investigated the biological effect of SMFs at a molecular and cellular level. We showed that SMF exposure promotes MSC proliferation and activates the expression of transcriptional factors such as FOS (Fos Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit) and EGR1 (Early Growth Response 1). In addition, the expression of signal-transduction proteins p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK oscillate periodically with SMF exposure time. Furthermore, we found that the inhibition of the T-type calcium ion channels negates the biological effects of SMFs on MSCs. Together, we revealed that the SMFs regulate T-type calcium ion channels and mediate MSC proliferation via the MAPK signaling pathways.
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Feng, Chuanlin, Biao Yu, Chao Song, Junjun Wang, Lei Zhang, Xinmiao Ji, Ying Wang, et al. "Static Magnetic Fields Reduce Oxidative Stress to Improve Wound Healing and Alleviate Diabetic Complications." Cells 11, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030443.
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Although some studies have shown that some static magnetic fields (SMFs) can promote wound healing in diabetic mice, it is not clear whether the other diabetes complications, such as liver disease and diabetic nephropathy, can also be alleviated. Here, we constructed two simple magnetic plates using neodymium permanent magnets to examine the comprehensive effects of moderate SMFs on genetically obese leptin receptor-deficient db/db diabetic mice. We found that although the blood glucose was not obviously reduced by these two SMF settings, both of the glycated serum protein (GSP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased (Cohen’s d = 2.57–3.04). Moreover, the wound healing, liver lipid accumulation, and renal defects were all significantly improved by SMF treatment (Cohen’s d = 0.91–2.05). Wound tissue examination showed obvious nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) level decrease (Cohen’s d = 2.49–5.40) and Ki-67 level increase (Cohen’s d = 2.30–3.40), indicating decreased oxidative stress and increased cell proliferation. In vitro cellular studies with fibroblast NIH3T3 cells showed that SMFs could reduce high glucose-induced NRF2 nucleus translocation (Cohen’s d = 0.87–1.15) and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation (Cohen’s d = 0.92), indicating decreased oxidative stress. Consequently, high glucose-induced impairments in cell vitality, proliferation, and migration were all improved by SMF treatment. Therefore, our results demonstrate that these simple SMF devices could effectively reduce oxidative stress in diabetic mice and may provide a cost-effective physical therapy strategy to alleviate multiple diabetic complications in the future.
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Ghodbane, Soumaya, Aida Lahbib, Mohsen Sakly, and Hafedh Abdelmelek. "Bioeffects of Static Magnetic Fields: Oxidative Stress, Genotoxic Effects, and Cancer Studies." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/602987.
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The interaction of static magnetic fields (SMFs) with living organisms is a rapidly growing field of investigation. The magnetic fields (MFs) effect observed with radical pair recombination is one of the well-known mechanisms by which MFs interact with biological systems. Exposure to SMF can increase the activity, concentration, and life time of paramagnetic free radicals, which might cause oxidative stress, genetic mutation, and/or apoptosis. Current evidence suggests that cell proliferation can be influenced by a treatment with both SMFs and anticancer drugs. It has been recently found that SMFs can enhance the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drugs; this may provide a new strategy for cancer therapy. This review focuses on our own data and other data from the literature of SMFs bioeffects. Three main areas of investigation have been covered: free radical generation and oxidative stress, apoptosis and genotoxicity, and cancer. After an introduction on SMF classification and medical applications, the basic phenomena to understand the bioeffects are described. The scientific literature is summarized, integrated, and critically analyzed with the help of authoritative reviews by recognized experts; international safety guidelines are also cited.
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Portnoy, Matthew E., Xiu Fen Liu, and Valeria Cizewski Culotta. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae Expresses Three Functionally Distinct Homologues of the Nramp Family of Metal Transporters." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 21 (November 1, 2000): 7893–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.21.7893-7902.2000.
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ABSTRACT The baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses three homologues of the Nramp family of metal transporters: Smf1p, Smf2p, and Smf3p, encoded by SMF1, SMF2, andSMF3, respectively. Here we report a comparative analysis of the yeast Smf proteins at the levels of localization, regulation, and function of the corresponding metal transporters. Smf1p and Smf2p function in cellular accumulation of manganese, and the two proteins are coregulated by manganese ions and the BSD2 gene product. Under manganese-replete conditions, Bsd2p facilitates trafficking of Smf1p and Smf2p to the vacuole, where these transport proteins are degraded. However, Smf1p and Smf2p localize to distinct cellular compartments under metal starvation: Smf1p accumulates at the cell surface, while Smf2p is restricted to intracellular vesicles. The third Nramp homologue, Smf3p, is quite distinctive. Smf3p is not regulated by Bsd2p or by manganese ions and is not degraded in the vacuole. Instead, Smf3p is down-regulated by iron through a mechanism that does not involve transcription or protein stability. Smf3p localizes to the vacuolar membrane independently of metal treatment, and yeast cells lacking Smf3p show symptoms of iron starvation. We propose that Smf3p helps to mobilize vacuolar stores of iron.
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Culpin, I., J. Heron, R. Araya, R. Melotti, and C. Joinson. "Father absence and depressive symptoms in adolescence: findings from a UK cohort." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 12 (May 14, 2013): 2615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713000603.
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BackgroundPrevious studies suggest a link between parental separation or divorce and risk of depression in adolescence. There are, however, few studies that have prospectively examined the effects of timing of biological father absence on risk for depressive symptoms in adolescence while controlling for a range of confounding factors.MethodWe examine the association between father absence occurring in early (the first 5 years) and middle childhood (5–10 years) and adolescent depressive symptoms in a sample comprising 5631 children from the UK-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Self-reported depressive symptoms at 14 years were assessed using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Father absence was assessed from maternal questionnaires completed at regular intervals from the birth of the study child up to 10 years.ResultsThere was evidence for an association between father absence in early childhood and increased odds of depressive symptoms at 14 years. This association was stronger in girls than in boys and remained after adjusting for a range of socio-economic, maternal and familial confounders assessed prior to the father's departure. Conversely, there was no evidence for an association between father absence in middle childhood and depressive symptoms at 14 years.ConclusionsFather absence in early childhood increases risk for adolescent depressive symptoms, particularly in girls. Future research should be aimed at identifying possible biological and psychosocial mechanisms linking father absence to depressive symptomatology to enable the development of family-based early prevention and intervention programmes targeting young children at risk.
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Joinson, C., J. Heron, R. Araya, T. Paus, T. Croudace, C. Rubin, M. Marcus, and G. Lewis. "Association between pubertal development and depressive symptoms in girls from a UK cohort." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 12 (April 12, 2012): 2579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171200061x.
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BackgroundIt is unclear whether pubertal status or timing of puberty explains the increase in depressive symptoms in girls during adolescence.MethodThis is a longitudinal study based on 2506 girls from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Self-reported depressive symptoms at 10.5, 13 and 14 years were assessed using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Pubertal status (Tanner breast and pubic hair stage) and timing of menarche were derived from questionnaires administered from age 8 to 14 years. We used multivariable regression models to examine the relative contributions of pubertal status and timing in accounting for increases in level of depressive symptoms at 14 years.ResultsWith increasing age, the association between breast development and depressive symptoms strengthened. Pubertal status (breast stage), rather than timing of menarche, was independently associated with depressive symptoms at 14 years. There was strong evidence for a linear relationship between breast stage and depressive symptoms at 14 years [increase in 0.17 s.d. (range 0.10–0.24) of depressive symptoms for advancement of each breast stage].ConclusionsDepressive symptoms in mid-adolescence were more strongly influenced by breast stage than timing of menarche. This could imply that the female rise in depression during adolescence is due to increasing estrogen levels, and might explain why the gender difference in rates of depression emerges at this stage. Future research should be aimed at identifying the mechanism of action of pubertal change, including direct effects of pubertal hormones and indirect effects mediated by psychosocial factors.
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Stevanovic, D., and A. Lakic. "The tripartite model and dimensions of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: Preliminary data from Serbia." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72066-1.
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Introduction and objectivesThe tripartite model of emotions (TME) specifies a general factor, negative affect (NA), which represents a shared influence on anxiety and depression, and two specific factors, physiological hyperarousal (PH) common to anxiety, and (low) positive affect (PA) common to depression (Clark & Watson, 1991).AimsTo examine the relationships between TME and anxiety and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents.MethodsIn the study participated 126 non-referred children and adolescents, aged 10–18 years. TME was assessed by the Affect and Arousal Scale (AFARS). Anxiety symptoms were identified using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders questionnaire (SCARED). This questionnaire reports five types of anxiety disorders: panic/somatic, generalized, separation, social, and school phobia. Finally, depressive symptoms were identified using the Short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire (SMFQ). Zero-order correlations between all measures were presented.ResultsPA negatively correlated with the depression scale only, −0.2 (p = 0.012), while NA significantly correlated with the depression and all anxiety scale, except the separation anxiety scale (p < 0.05). PH significantly correlated with the depression, panic-somatic and separation anxiety and school avoidance scale. The highest correlations were between the depression (0.39) and panic scale (0.33).ConclusionsThe results indicate that the relationships between TME and symptoms of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents could be partially supported. However, they are consistent with the previous findings that reported that low PA correlate with depression and PH with panic disorder (Chorpita, 2000; Jacques & Mash, 2004; De Bolle, 2010).
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Mukhtar, Wan Maisarah, Siti Nadiah Latib, Razman Mohd Halim, and Affa Rozana Abdul Rashid. "Graphene Based Macrobend Unclad SMF for Monitoring pH Level in Aqueous Environment." Solid State Phenomena 307 (July 2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.307.78.
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Partial unclad fibers with diameters ranging from d=121μm to d=125μm were fabricated using standard telecommunications optical fiber (SMF28) via low cost mechanical swipe-off technique. Graphene oxide (GO) was deposited using drop casting method on the outer side of the partial unclad SMF. IR laser with excitation wavelengths of λ=1310nm and λ=1550nm were launched along the graphene-coated SMF. The sensitivity of graphene based macrobend unclad SMFs were investigated by introducing two different pH of aqueous environment with values of 3.5 (acidic) and 12.5 (alkaline) that acted as sensing media. The optimum power loss was obtained as smallest diameter of partial unclad SMF with d=121μm was appointed. As uncoated SMF was replaced with the GO coated SMF which had been immersed into 3.5pH liquid solution, it was found that the optical power losses were increased about 6.79dBm and 5.15dBm using laser with λ1=1310nm and λ2=1550nm respectively. The uncoated SMFs experienced the increment of power losses about 2.11dBm and 5.15dBm as they were soaked into the solution with pH=12.5 using similar laser of λ1 and λ2. It is noteworthy to highlight the significant of graphene’s employment on macrobend unclad SMF by using λ1=1310nm in which better sensitivity and selectivity represented by maximum changes of power losses were apparently observed for both solutions. The usage of λ=1550nm exhibited poor selectivity where the partial unclad SMF unable to differentiate two contrasting pH solution. In conclusion, graphene based macrobend fiber optic sensor for pH detection was successfully developed by employing partial unclad SMF with cladding diameter of d=121μm and laser wavelength of λ=1310nm due to the enhancement of evanescent field’s strength.
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Yang, Jiancheng, Jiawen Wu, Zengfeng Guo, Gejing Zhang, and Hao Zhang. "Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Combined with Static Magnetic Fields in Bone Remodeling." Cells 11, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 3298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11203298.
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Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are extensively used in bone-related studies as biomaterials due to their unique magnetic properties and good biocompatibility. Through endocytosis, IONPs enter the cell where they promote osteogenic differentiation and inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Static magnetic fields (SMFs) were also found to enhance osteoblast differentiation and hinder osteoclastic differentiation. Once IONPs are exposed to an SMF, they become rapidly magnetized. IONPs and SMFs work together to synergistically enhance the effectiveness of their individual effects on the differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This article reviewed the individual and combined effects of different types of IONPs and different intensities of SMFs on bone remodeling. We also discussed the mechanism underlying the synergistic effects of IONPs and SMFs on bone remodeling.
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Song, Sanggwon, Aeri Jung, and Kyunghwan Oh. "High-Temperature Sensitivity in Stimulated Brillouin Scattering of 1060 nm Single-Mode Fibers." Sensors 19, no. 21 (October 31, 2019): 4731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214731.
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With the rapid advancement of Yb-doped fiber lasers (YDFL) whose output wavelength is near 1060 nm, passive fibers to carry the high optical power at the spectral range are also gaining significant importance. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in the passive fibers connecting components in the lasers, especially, can set a fundamental limit in the power handling of YDFL systems. We experimentally analyzed SBS characteristics of passive single mode fibers (SMF) at a wavelength of 1060 nm. For two types of SMFs (Corning HI1060 and HI1060Flex), the Brillouin frequency (νΒ), its linewidth (ΔνΒ), and their variations with respect to the input laser power and the surrounding temperature were experimentally measured, along with the SBS threshold power (Pth). The optical heterodyne detection method was used to identify temperature-dependent SBS characteristics of fibers, and we found SMFs at λ = 1060 nm showed a temperature sensitivity in SBS frequency shift more than 40% higher than in conventional SMFs operating in C-band. Detailed procedures to measure the SBS properties are explained, and a new potential of 1060 nm SMF as a distributed temperature sensor is also discussed.
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Joshi, Varsha, Naveen Kikkeri Hanumantha Setty, Nitin Kumar Joshi, Yogesh Kumar Jain, Pankaj Bhardwaj, and Kuldeep Singh. "Mental health and nutritional issues: a dual burden among adolescent school going girls of urban and rural Jodhpur." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 5823. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214573.
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Background: Adolescents constitute 21% of the total population in India. Untreated mental disorders affect a person’s potential to live a fulfilling life and raises the possibility of conduct disorders. Moreover, malnutrition leads to growth retardation and sexual maturation in later life. Thus, this study was undertaken to understand the role of family size, socio-economic status, marital status on mental and nutritional health of adolescent girls in urban and rural Jodhpur.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study in three schools each from rural and urban Jodhpur was conducted to include adolescent girls aged 10-19 years. Semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect demographic and socio-economic data along with DASS-21 and SMFQ for mental health assessment and BMI, waist-hip ratio collected for nutritional health.Results: Depression score ≥10 was observed in 34.3% girls (significantly associated with monthly attendance), anxiety score ≥10 observed in 64.8% (associated with socio-economic class and monthly attendance) and stress score ≥10 observed in 26.2% (associated with monthly attendance). Th e17.4% were thin while 4.7% overweight, significantly associated with location, age group and socio-economic class. The 5% were at increased metabolic risk, associated with non-participation in extra-curricular activities.Conclusions: The study indicated high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress, nutritional imbalance and risk of metabolic disorders at an early age, that were significantly associated with the low monthly attendance indicating negative impact of such factors on regular education and academic growth. The findings highlight a greater emphasis needed on mental health and nutritional components during the active growth years of adolescent females.
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Kern, Chloe E., Kaja Lewinn, Joy Wan, and Katrina Abuabara. "4211 Longitudinal cohort study of the association between atopic dermatitis and depression/anxiety throughout childhood." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.133.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common chronic childhood conditions worldwide and is associated with poor mental health outcomes. Our aim is to determine whether childhood atopic dermatitis is associated with symptoms of depression throughout childhood and adolescence, and whether this association is mediated by serum inflammatory markers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We will perform a longitudinal analysis of over 7000 children from an existing prospective cohort. The primary exposure is atopic dermatitis (AD) annual period prevalence measured by a standardized questionnaire at 12 time points between age 6 months and 16 years. Depression is measured using self-reported responses to the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire at 6 time points between 10 and 18 years of age. Cross-sectional regression analyses will be performed to compare depressive signs between children with and without AD and test for dose-response effects with AD and depression. Longitudinal analyses will be conducted using mixed-effects models to estimate the average effect across childhood. We will complete a mediation analysis to determine the extent to which IL-6 and CRP mediate this association. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate that atopic dermatitis will be associated with SMFQ scores in a dose response relationship, and that inflammatory markers CRP and IL-6 will partly mediate this association. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Childhood is a critical time for mental health. Understanding the longitudinal relationship between atopic dermatitis, depression, and inflammatory mediators is crucial as new biologic treatments targeting inflammatory cascades are approved for atopic dermatitis and have the potential to prevent mental health conditions.
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Fatima, A., S. Kataria, L. Baghel, K. N. Guruprasad, A. K. Agrawal, B. Singh, P. S. Sarkar, T. Shripathi, and Y. Kashyap. "Synchrotron-based phase-sensitive imaging of leaves grown from magneto-primed seeds of soybean." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577516015745.
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Experiments were conducted to study the effects of static magnetic fields (SMFs) on the venation network of soybean leaves using the synchrotron-based X-ray micro-imaging technique. The seeds of soybean (Glycine max, variety JS-335) were pretreated with different SMFs from 50 to 300 mT in steps of 50 mT for 1 h. The phase-contrast images obtained showed that, as the strength of the SMF increased, the area, width of the midrib, area of the midrib and minor vein of the middle leaflets of third trifoliate leaves also increased up to the SMF strength of 200 mT (1 h) and decreased thereafter. Quantification of the major conducting vein also showed the differences in the major and minor vein structures of the soybean leaves as compared with control leaves. Further, the phase-retrieval technique has been applied to make the segmentation process easy and to quantify the major and minor veins in the venation network. The width and area of midrib enhancement by pre-treatment with SMF implies an enhancement in the uptake of water, which in turn causes an increased rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance.
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Song, Chao, Biao Yu, Junjun Wang, Xinmiao Ji, Lei Zhang, Xiaofei Tian, Xin Yu, Chuanlin Feng, Xinyu Wang, and Xin Zhang. "Moderate Static Magnet Fields Suppress Ovarian Cancer Metastasis via ROS-Mediated Oxidative Stress." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (December 7, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7103345.
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Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer patient death, which is closely correlated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. It is well known that the effects of ROS on tumors are diverse, depending on ROS concentration and cell type. We found that ovarian cancer cells have significantly lower levels of ROS than normal ovarian cells. Moreover, increased ROS levels in ovarian cancer cells can substantially inhibit their migration and invasion ability. Furthermore, the results show that moderate static magnetic field (SMF) can inhibit ovarian cancer cell migration, invasion, and stemness in a ROS-dependent manner. RNA sequencing results confirm that SMFs increased the oxidative stress level and reduced the stemness of ovarian cancer cells. Consistently, the expressions of stemness-related genes were significantly decreased, including hyaluronan receptor (CD44), SRY-box transcription factor 2 (Sox2), and cell myc proto-oncogene protein (C-myc). Furthermore, moderate SMFs provided by a superconducting magnet and permanent magnet have good biosafety and can both inhibit ovarian cancer metastasis in mice. Therefore, our study demonstrates the effects of SMFs on oxidative stress and metastasis in the ovarian cancer cells, which reveals the potential of applying SMF as a physical method in cancer therapy in the future.
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Veriyanti, Velia, and Saktioto Saktioto. "TAMPILAN BIREFRINGENCE PADA GANGGUAN PEMBENGKOKAN SERAT OPTIK KOMERSIAL." Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia 17, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.17.2.97-103.
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Optical fiber components are increasingly growing in the telecommunication technology with various forms to facilitate effective and stable communication. However, the output signal of optical fiber is still experiencing interference, bending power loss n and dispersion, such as birefringence. To minimize the interference, this paper investigates birefringence profile on the aspect of disturbance and geometrical parameters for commercial single-mode optical fiber (SMF) through OptiFiber simulation. This simulation build the model of several SMFs, namely SMF-28, SMF-28e, SMF-28e +, SMF-28e + LL, and SMF-28 ULL which have different refractive index for core and cladding, but their radii are fixed for each wavelength source of 1310nm and 1550nm. The impact of interference on optical fiber can be understood from birefringence model of its bending radius to power loss and wavelength. The highest loss occurred at SMF-28 fiber of 0.012dB / km with a radius of 0.020m for wavelength of 1310nm and bending loss at wavelength of 1550nm was 31.96dB / km at radius of 0.02m. This finding shows that magnitude of normalized frequency strongly determines the effectiveness and stability of optical fibers.
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Kameyama, Noriko, Chizuko Maruyama, Sadako Matsui, Risa Araki, Yuichiro Yamada, and Taro Maruyama. "Effects of consumption of main and side dishes with white rice on postprandial glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 responses in healthy Japanese men." British Journal of Nutrition 111, no. 9 (February 10, 2014): 1632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513004194.
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The co-ingestion of protein, fat and fibre with carbohydrate reportedly affects postprandial glucose, insulin and incretin (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)) responses. However, the effects of combination dishes with carbohydrate-rich foods at typically eaten amounts remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of consuming recommended amounts of side dishes with boiled white rice in the same meal on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and incretin hormone responses. A total of nine healthy male volunteers consumed four different meals in a random order on separate days. The test meals were as follows: S, white rice; SM, addition of protein-rich main dishes to the S meal; SMF, addition of a fat-rich food item to the SM meal; SMFV, addition of vegetables to the SMF meal. Plasma glucose, GIP and GLP-1 and serum insulin concentrations were determined during a 3 h period after consumption of these meals. Postprandial glucose responses were lower after SMFV meal consumption than after consumption of the other meals. The incremental AUC for GIP (0–180 min) were largest after consumption of the SMF and SMFV meals, followed by that after SM meal consumption, and was smallest after S meal consumption (P< 0·05). Furthermore, we found GIP concentrations to be dose dependently increased by the fat content of meals of ordinary size, despite the amount of additional fat being small. In conclusion, the combination of recommended amounts of main and vegetable side dishes with boiled white rice is beneficial for lowering postprandial glucose concentrations, with an increased incretin response, when compared with white rice alone.
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Zhou, Bangfei, Wenhao Lin, Ying Liu, Hao Cai, Tianxiang Zheng, Chunmei Liu, and Yunbo Zhong. "Atomic diffusion in liquid Al–Cu melt under static magnetic fields." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 16 (October 28, 2022): 165106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0110041.
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Atomic diffusion is a natural phenomenon in liquid melt. Avoiding the melt convection is the most challenging when accuracy in measuring the diffusion coefficient of atoms is desired. The diffusion in liquid Al–Cu melts is studied under various static magnetic fields (SMFs). Thermoelectric magnetic convection is induced during the diffusion in the conductive crucible. It is suppressed by increasing the magnetic flux density or eliminated by using an insulated crucible. The interdiffusion coefficient can be accurately measured in the SMF greater than 3 T. The present work provides a new view to study the solidification of alloys under the SMF.
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Tappin, D. R., P. Watts, and S. T. Grilli. "The Papua New Guinea tsunami of 17 July 1998: anatomy of a catastrophic event." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 2 (March 26, 2008): 243–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-243-2008.
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Abstract. The Papua New Guinea (PNG) tsunami of July 1998 was a seminal event because it demonstrated that relatively small and relatively deepwater Submarine Mass Failures (SMFs) can cause devastating local tsunamis that strike without warning. There is a comprehensive data set that proves this event was caused by a submarine slump. Yet, the source of the tsunami has remained controversial. This controversy is attributed to several causes. Before the PNG event, it was questionable as to whether SMFs could cause devastating tsunamis. As a result, only limited modelling of SMFs as tsunami sources had been undertaken, and these excluded slumps. The results of these models were that SMFs in general were not considered to be a potential source of catastrophic tsunamis. To effectively model a SMF requires fairly detailed geological data, and these too had been lacking. In addition, qualitative data, such as evidence from survivors, tended to be disregarded in assessing alternative tsunami sources. The use of marine geological data to identify areas of recent submarine failure was not widely applied. The disastrous loss of life caused by the PNG tsunami resulted in a major investigation into the area offshore of the devastated coastline, with five marine expeditions taking place. This was the first time that a focussed, large-scale, international programme of marine surveying had taken place so soon after a major tsunami. It was also the first time that such a comprehensive data set became the basis for tsunami simulations. The use of marine mapping subsequently led to a larger involvement of marine geologists in the study of tsunamis, expanding the knowledge base of those studying the threat from SMF hazards. This paper provides an overview of the PNG tsunami and its impact on tsunami science. It presents revised interpretations of the slump architecture based on new seabed relief images and, using these, the most comprehensive tsunami simulation of the PNG event to date. Simulation results explain the measured runups to a high degree. The PNG tsunami has made a major impact on tsunami science. It is one of the most studied SMF tsunamis, yet it remains the only one known of its type: a slump.
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MacPherson, A. D. "The Impact of Industrial Process Innovation among Small Manufacturing Firms: Empirical Evidence from Western New York." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 26, no. 3 (March 1994): 453–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a260453.
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In this paper the impact of the adoption of new technology upon the market performance of small and medium-sized manufacturing firms (SMFs) is explored. Data from a six-sector survey of western New York SMFs are presented. The results suggest a series of relationships between the incidence of successful process innovation, new product development, and market performance. Data from the survey are explored in the context of recent perspectives on the economic role of flexible specialisation, new product launch, and regional SMF development. A major finding is that modern production technologies can assist the competitive efforts of small industrial firms, especially those that serve export markets. A further finding is that SMFs in import-sensitive industries can partially counteract external competition by adopting new manufacturing methods. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the academic and regional policy implications that flow from the survey results.
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Bendiksen, Bothild, Trond Heir, Fabakary Minteh, Mai Mahgoub Ziyada, Rex A. Kuye, and Inger-Lise Lien. "The association between physical complications following female genital cutting and the mental health of 12-year-old Gambian girls: A community-based cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245723.
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Background Female genital cutting (FGC) involve an acute physical trauma that hold a potential risk for immediate and long-term complications and mental health problems. The aim of this study was to examine the prediction of depressive symptoms and psychological distress by the immediate and current physical complications following FGC. Further, to examine whether the age at which 12-year-old Gambian girls had undergone the procedure affected mental health outcomes. Method This cross-sectional study recruited 134 12-year-old girls from 23 public primary schools in The Gambia. We used a structured clinical interview to assess mental health and life satisfaction, including the Short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire (SMFQ), the Symptom check list (SCL-5) and Cantril’s Ladder of Life Satisfaction. Each interview included questions about the cutting procedure, immediate- and current physical complications and the kind of help and care girls received following FGC. Results Depressive symptoms were associated with immediate physical health complications in a multivariate regression model [RR = 1.08 (1.03, 1.12), p = .001], and with present urogenital problems [RR = 1.19 (1.09, 1.31), p < .001]. The girls that received medical help following immediate complications had a lower risk for depressive symptoms [RR = .73 (.55, .98), p = .04]. Psychological distress was only associated with immediate complications [RR = 1.04 (1.01, 1.07), p = .004]. No significant differences in mental health outcomes were found between girls who underwent FGC before the age of four in comparison to girls who underwent FGC after the age of four. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the immediate and long-term complications following FGC have implications for psychological health. Only a minimal number of girls received medical care when needed, and the dissemination of health education seems crucial in order to prevent adverse long-term physical and psychological health consequences.
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Tappin, D. R. "Submarine mass failures as tsunami sources: their climate control." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, no. 1919 (May 28, 2010): 2417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0079.
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Recent research on submarine mass failures (SMFs) shows that they are a source of hazardous tsunamis, with the tsunami magnitude mainly dependent on water depth of failure, SMF volume and failure mechanism, cohesive slump or fragmental landslide. A major control on the mechanism of SMFs is the sediment type, together with its post-depositional alteration. The type of sediment, fine- or coarse-grained, its rate of deposition together with post-depositional processes may all be influenced by climate. Post-depositional processes, termed sediment ‘preconditioning’, are known to promote instability and failure. Climate may also control the triggering of SMFs, for example through earthquake loading or cyclic loading from storm waves or tides. Instantaneous triggering by other mechanisms such as fluid overpressuring and hydrate instability is controversial, but is here considered unlikely. However, these mechanisms are known to promote sediment instability. SMFs occur in numerous environments, including the open continental shelf, submarine canyon/fan systems, fjords, active river deltas and convergent margins. In all these environments there is a latitudinal variation in the scale of SMFs. The database is limited, but the greatest climate influence appears to be in high latitudes where glacial/interglacial cyclicity has considerable control on sedimentation, preconditioning and triggering. Consideration of the different types of SMFs in the context of their climate controls provides additional insight into their potential hazard in sourcing tsunamis. For example, in the Atlantic, where SMFs are common, the tsunami hazard under the present-day climate may not be as great as their common occurrence suggests.
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Basto, Bruna, Nuno R. da Silva, José A. Teixeira, and Sara C. Silvério. "Production of Natural Pigments by Penicillium brevicompactum Using Agro-Industrial Byproducts." Fermentation 8, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8100536.
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The demand for natural pigments for industrial applications has significantly increased. Penicillium brevicompactum was recently reported as a promising pigments producer using submerged fermentation and a synthetic culture medium containing lactose. In this work, pigment production by P. brevicompactum was studied under different fermentation conditions, namely, submerged fermentation with free (SmF) and immobilized mycelium (SmFi), and solid-state fermentation (SSF). The potential of culture media composed of agro-industrial byproducts (cheese-whey (CW) and corn steep liquor (CSL)) was investigated for the first time as low-cost alternatives to pigment production by P. brevicompactum. The fungus showed great adaptability to the different culture media and types of fermentation, being able to synthesize pigments under all the tested conditions. A culture medium composed of 34.6 g/L of CW and 8 g/L of CSL proved to be the most suitable alternative to the synthetic medium, especially under SmF and SmFi. Our data also show that different mixtures of pigments (yellow, orange, and red) can be produced depending on the medium composition and the type of fermentation. Additionally, the immobilization and reuse of biomass to produce pigments by P. brevicompactum were demonstrated for the first time, suggesting the possibility of operating under repeated batch mode at an industrial scale.
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PORTNOY, Matthew E., Laran T. JENSEN, and Valeria Cizewski CULOTTA. "The distinct methods by which manganese and iron regulate the Nramp transporters in yeast." Biochemical Journal 362, no. 1 (February 8, 2002): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3620119.
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The bakers yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses three Smf metal transport proteins that are differentially regulated by metal ions. Smf1p and Smf2p are regulated at the post-translational level by manganese, whereas Smf3p is regulated by iron through a mechanism that, up until now, was unknown. Through promoter and protein-domain swapping experiments, we now demonstrate that the manganese regulation of Smf1p involves an internal protein-coding region that is separate from the N-terminal domain of this transporter. By comparison, iron regulation of Smf3p involves the upstream non-coding region of the gene. Using SMF3—lacZ reporter constructs, we identified two distinct regions of the SMF3 promoter that contribute to iron regulation: (1) approx. nt −435 to −350 that contain dual consensus recognition sites for the Aft1 iron transcription factor; and (2) nt −348 to −247 that do not contain obvious Aft1 binding sites. The −348 to −247 region by itself can confer strong iron regulation to the heterologous CYC1 core promoter, and therefore harbours a putative upstream activating sequence for iron. Iron regulation of SMF3 was dramatically reduced, but not completely eliminated, in strains lacking both the AFT1 and AFT2 iron regulatory factors. Together with the promoter mapping studies, these results suggest that both Aft-dependent and Aft-independent pathways may contribute to iron regulation of SMF3.
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Sharp, Carla, Ian M. Goodyer, and Tim J. Croudace. "The Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ): A Unidimensional Item Response Theory and Categorical Data Factor Analysis of Self-Report Ratings from a Community Sample of 7-through 11-Year-Old Children." Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 34, no. 3 (April 29, 2006): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-006-9027-x.
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Vergallo, Cristian, Elisa Panzarini, Bernardetta Anna Tenuzzo, Stefania Mariano, Ada Maria Tata, and Luciana Dini. "Moderate Static Magnetic Field (6 mT)-Induced Lipid Rafts Rearrangement Increases Silver NPs Uptake in Human Lymphocytes." Molecules 25, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061398.
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One of the most relevant drawbacks in medicine is the ability of drugs and/or imaging agents to reach cells. Nanotechnology opened new horizons in drug delivery, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represent a promising delivery vehicle for their adjustable size and shape, high-density surface ligand attachment, etc. AgNPs cellular uptake involves different endocytosis mechanisms, including lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. Since static magnetic fields (SMFs) exposure induces plasma membrane perturbation, including the rearrangement of lipid rafts, we investigated whether SMF could increase the amount of AgNPs able to pass the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) plasma membrane. To this purpose, the effect of 6-mT SMF exposure on the redistribution of two main lipid raft components (i.e., disialoganglioside GD3, cholesterol) and on AgNPs uptake efficiency was investigated. Results showed that 6 mT SMF: (i) induces a time-dependent GD3 and cholesterol redistribution in plasma membrane lipid rafts and modulates gene expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), (ii) increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation, (iii) does not induce cell death and (iv) induces lipid rafts rearrangement, that, in turn, favors the uptake of AgNPs. Thus, it derives that SMF exposure could be exploited to enhance the internalization of NPs-loaded therapeutic or diagnostic molecules.
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Liu, Shaodian, Xiaozhan Yang, Wenlin Feng, Hongliang Chen, Yu Tao, and Yi Jiang. "Michelson Interferometric Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Sensor Based on NH2-rGO Sensitive Film." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 75, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2019-0281.
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AbstractA highly sensitive hydrogen sulfide gas sensor based on NH2-rGO-coated thin-core-fibre (TCF) Michelson interferometer (MI) is proposed and evaluated. Two sections of TCFs are alternately sandwiched between three single-mode-fibres (SMFs). A Faraday rotator mirror (FRM) is fixed to the end of the last SMF to reflect the light signal and enhance the interference. Then the structure SMF-TCF-SMF-TCF-SMF-FRM (STSTS-F) is successfully constructed. NH2-rGO, as sensing film, is coated on two TCFs and is used to detect traces of hydrogen sulfide gas. Raman spectra and XPS analysis show that NH2-rGO has been successfully synthesised. The thickness of the NH2-rGO film coated on the TCF surface is about 500 nm. By introducing 0–60 ppm hydrogen sulfide gas into the chamber, with the increase in concentration of the gas, the monitoring trough exhibits a blue shift. Our experimental results show that the sensor has good linearity (R2 = 0.98096) and selectivity for hydrogen sulfide gas. The sensitivity is 21.3 pm/ppm, and the response and recovery times are about 72 and 90 s, respectively. The sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, high selectivity, and small size, enabling the detection of trace hydrogen sulfide in toxic gas environments.
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Crass, J., A. Bechter, B. Sands, D. King, R. Ketterer, M. Engstrom, R. Hamper, et al. "Final design and on-sky testing of the iLocater SX acquisition camera: broad-band single-mode fibre coupling." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 501, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 2250–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3355.
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ABSTRACT Enabling efficient injection of light into single-mode fibres (SMFs) is a key requirement in realizing diffraction-limited astronomical spectroscopy on ground-based telescopes. SMF-fed spectrographs, facilitated by the use of adaptive optics (AO), offer distinct advantages over comparable seeing-limited designs, including higher spectral resolution within a compact and stable instrument volume, and a telescope independent spectrograph design. iLocater is an extremely precise radial velocity (EPRV) spectrograph being built for the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). We have designed and built the front-end fibre injection system, or acquisition camera, for the SX (left) primary mirror of the LBT. The instrument was installed in 2019 and underwent on-sky commissioning and performance assessment. In this paper, we present the instrument requirements, acquisition camera design, as well as results from first-light measurements. Broad-band SMF coupling in excess of 35 per cent (absolute) in the near-infrared (0.97–1.31 ${\mu {\rm m}}$) was achieved across a range of target magnitudes, spectral types, and observing conditions. Successful demonstration of on-sky performance represents both a major milestone in the development of iLocater and in making efficient ground-based SMF-fed astronomical instruments a reality.
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Schultheiss, T., Z. X. Lin, M. H. Lu, J. Murray, D. A. Fischman, K. Weber, T. Masaki, M. Imamura, and H. Holtzer. "Differential distribution of subsets of myofibrillar proteins in cardiac nonstriated and striated myofibrils." Journal of Cell Biology 110, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 1159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.110.4.1159.
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Cultured cardiac myocytes were stained with antibodies to sarcomeric alpha-actinin, troponin-I, alpha-actin, myosin heavy chain (MHC), titin, myomesin, C-protein, and vinculin. Attention was focused on the distribution of these proteins with respect to nonstriated myofibrils (NSMFs) and striated myofibrils (SMFs). In NSMFs, alpha-actinin is found as longitudinally aligned, irregular approximately 0.3-microns aggregates. Such aggregates are associated with alpha-actin, troponin-I, and titin. These I-Z-I-like complexes are also found as ectopic patches outside the domain of myofibrils in close apposition to the ventral surface of the cell. MHC is found outside of SMFs in the form of discrete fibrils. The temporal-spatial distribution and accumulation of the MHC-fibrils with respect to the I-Z-I-like complexes varies greatly along the length of the NSMFs. There are numerous instances of I-Z-I-like complexes without associated MHC-fibrils, and also cases of MHC-fibrils located many microns from I-Z-I-like complexes. The transition between the terminal approximately 1.7-microns sarcomere of any given SMF and its distal NSMF-tip is abrupt and is marked by a characteristic narrow alpha-actinin Z-band and vinculin positive adhesion plaque. A titin antibody T20, which localizes to an epitope at the Z-band in SMFs, precisely costains the 0.3-microns alpha-actinin aggregates in ectopic patches and NSMFs. Another titin antibody T1, which in SMFs localizes to an epitope at the A-I junction, typically does not stain ectopic patches and NSMFs. Where detectable, the T1-positive material is adjacent to rather than part of the 0.3-microns alpha-actinin aggregates. Myomesin and C-protein are found only in their characteristic sarcomeric locations (even in just perceptible SMFs). These A-band-associated proteins appear to be absent in ectopic patches and NSMFs.
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Morris, Cassandra E., and Thomas C. Skalak. "Chronic static magnetic field exposure alters microvessel enlargement resulting from surgical intervention." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 2 (August 2007): 629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01133.2006.
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Magnetic field therapy has recently become a widely used complementary/alternative medicine for the treatment of vascular, as well as other musculoskeletal pathologies, including soft tissue injuries. Recent studies in our laboratory and others have suggested that acute static magnetic field (SMF) exposure can have a modulatory influence on the microvasculature, acting to normalize vascular function; however, the effect of chronic SMF exposure has not been investigated. This study aimed to measure, for the first time, the adaptive microvascular response to a chronic 7-day continuous magnetic field exposure. Murine dorsal skinfold chambers were applied on day 0, and neodymium static magnets (or size and weight-matched shams) were affixed to the chambers at day 0, where they remained until day 7. Separate analysis of arteriolar and venular diameters revealed that chronic SMF application significantly abrogated the luminal diameter expansion observed in sham-treated networks. Magnet-treated venular diameters were significantly reduced at day 4 and day 7 (34.3 and 54.4%, respectively) compared with sham-treated vessels. Arteriolar diameters were also significantly reduced by magnet treatment at day 7 (50%), but not significantly at day 4 (31.6%), although the same trend was evident. Venular functional length density was also significantly reduced (60%) by chronic field application. These results suggest that chronic SMF exposure can alter the adaptive microvascular remodeling response to mechanical injury, thus supporting the further study of chronic application of SMFs for the treatment of vascular pathologies involving the dysregulation of microvascular structure.