Journal articles: 'SMEs internationalisation'

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Zaki, Adyzakrie Mohamad, David J. Edwards, and Hatem El-Gohary. "A Theoretical Examination of SMEs Internationalisation in a Globalised Business Environment." International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management 6, no. 4 (October 2015): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcrmm.2015100101.

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In the new global economy, internationalisation has become increasingly important to the competitiveness of enterprises of all sizes (Evers 2010). SMEs with a clear global strategy can take advantage of cross-border activities, which provide opportunities not only for revenue and growth, but also knowledge exchange and the enhancement of capabilities, thereby strengthening the firm's longer-term competitiveness. Muller et al. (2014) report that export-oriented SMEs show higher growth of turnover and employment than SMEs serving the domestic market only. Despite universal acceptance that internationalisation is vital, a myriad of internal and external barriers persist to impede SMEs' ability to internationalise their operations. Moreover, there is a dearth of data on the actual export performance of SMEs and the challenges and issues they face (Muller et al., 2014, p. 60). The purpose of this paper is to critically review and theoretically examine published research on SMEs internationalisation not only to identify knowledge gaps in the field, but also to provide a theoretical examination of SMEs internationalisation in a globalised business environment with an eye on the future. The paper commences with an introduction and explanation of the importance of an internationalisation strategy to modern businesses, then defining what is meant by internationalisation vis-à-vis globalisation. A similar differentiation between large and SMEs internationalisation is then given prior to critically synthesising pertinent theories that have been developed and/or implemented by previous researchers. Based upon this synthesis, theoretical models are evaluated and assessed critically to provide good grounds for future research in the field. Finally, the paper review the extant using under the lens of SMEs internationalisation from both developed and developing countries perspectives.

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Mendy, John, and Mahfuzur Rahman. "Supporting SMEs’ internationalisation through a deeper understanding of human and technology barriers." Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 6, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joepp-12-2018-0121.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate small- and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) internationalisation from an emerging market perspective. It explores and applies human resource management (HRM) processes to small businesses’ internationalisation efforts in order to ascertain the extent to which human- and technology-oriented barriers to internationalisation can be better understood and their processes better managed by SMEs. Design/methodology/approach The data collection and analysis involved a mixed method technique so as to identify the two dominant barriers faced by SMEs at the employer and employee levels. By using primary survey data obtained from 212 Bangladeshi SMEs, a partial least square based structural equation model was successfully validated and its development enhanced the comparison of processes involved in managing people and technology-type barriers. Findings The research results highlight the importance of HRM processes in the proper management of both human and technology-type barriers, which are equally as significant to SMEs’ internationalisation. Practical implications The results highlight the urgent need for governments in emerging economies to prioritise SMEs’ internationalisation and to dedicate resources and processes in order to effectively optimise economic and social dividends. The practical, theoretical and methodological implications of the paper raise opportunities for further research in SMEs’ internationalisation and people management processes and practices as well as new policy guidelines. Originality/value The examination of the link between humans and technology is a much under-represented area in developing countries and the actual contribution of effective HRM processes in the context of SMEs’ internationalisation is missing. Applying HRM processes to these aspects serves to deepen the knowledge of small businesses’ internationalisation efforts and the contributed model enhances professional practice and theory development in these disciplines and in emerging economies.

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Belhoste, Nathalie, Rachel Bocquet, Véronique Favre-Bonté, and Frédéric Bally. "How do SMEs use support services during their internationalisation process: A comparative study of French traditional SMEs and INVs in Asia." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 37, no. 8 (September 18, 2019): 804–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242619871165.

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This article integrates research on the internationalisation processes of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and export assistance services to investigate how such firms use support services drawing upon a large, qualitative study of 32 French traditional SMEs and international new ventures (INVs) that have entered Asia. Our key contribution is to consider the time to internationalisation (gradual or rapid) and the stage of internationalisation (entrance or intensification) rather than export intensity alone, and to examine how support services can help SMEs internationalise. The identification of different configurations of uses leads to the development of theoretical propositions that extend existing models pertaining to support services and firm internationalisation. These findings have several important managerial implications for support services to target their offer more precisely to two types of SMEs; they also provide useful guidance for SMEs to determine which tailor-made offerings from private and public actors are most applicable to their internationalisation efforts.

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Zaki, Adyzakrie Mohamad, Hatem El-Gohary, and David Edwards. "Understanding Ethical and Other SMEs Internationalisation Determinants and Its Impact on Business Performance." International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcrmm.2021010101.

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The research in hand attempts to investigate the different factors influencing SMEs' decision to internationalise in developing countries (such as Malaysia) including the impacts of ethical issues on the internationalisation decision process. The study also attempts to investigate the impact of internationalisation adoption on SMEs' business performance since the relationship remains vague. The study will deepen the understanding of the complex interrelationship between internationalisation determinants (that influence top management's decision to internationalise), and how such factors (internal and external) might affect SMEs' business performance. Based on the outcomes of such investigation and extensive exploratory study, an acceptable and comprehensive conceptual framework will be presented to investigate and understand the different factors influencing internationalisation adoption by Malaysian SMEs and its impact on companies' performance.

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Safari, Kulondwa. "Contribution of Internationalisation to SME Growth: Evidence from the Kenyan Manufacturing Sector." Economics and Business 34, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2020-0017.

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Abstract Sub-Saharan African countries are among the poorest countries in the world and there is a need to develop their economies. Researchers suggest the promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to foster economic development in countries. Internationalisation has been proved to be a key strategy for SME growth. This study investigates the effect of internationalisation on manufacturing SME growth in Kenya. Kenya is a developing country and the leading economy in the East African community. Using data from the World Bank enterprise survey, a sample of 94 SMEs operating in Kenya between 2013 and 2018 was selected. Multiple linear regression analysis using ordinary least square (OLS) was applied and the results revealed that internationalisation through direct exports contributed positively to the growth of manufacturing SMEs in Kenya. The findings of the study suggest that policy makers should promote internationalisation of SMEs in Kenya to improve the doing business environment in general and remove external barriers to internationalisation of SMEs at the national and international level in particular.

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Haase, Heiko, and Mário Franco. "When small businesses go international: alliances as a key to entry." Journal of Business Strategy 36, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-03-2014-0032.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons for the internationalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through strategic alliances and to understand how this internationalisation process evolves. Design/methodology/approach – For this purpose, the authors decided on a qualitative approach and performed exploratory case studies of two SMEs in Portugal. Findings – The authors found that in forming alliances, SMEs aim to increase sales and reduce costs. After the analysis, the authors believe that learning about other markets and cultures as well as having appropriate national partners are the key aspects in the internationalisation of SMEs through strategic alliances. Practical implications – The authors revealed the influence of national partners in the internationalisation process. The firms in the study established alliances with national firms to facilitate international market entry. This holds in particular for partners that already have some international experience. Building partnerships with national firms allows the combination of competencies and requires a lower amount of internationalisation know-how on the part of the cooperating firms. Originality/value – In spite of the opportunities going along with strategic alliances, there is only limited empirical evidence of their impact on the internationalisation process and vice-versa. This holds particularly true for the realm of SMEs.

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Bowen, Robert. "Motives to SME internationalisation." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 27, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-08-2018-0125.

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Purpose This study offers a comparative analysis of attitudes to small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) internationalisation in two different cultural settings, Wales and Brittany. The purpose of this paper is to conduct an in-depth investigation of attitudes to internationalisation among food and drink SMEs using mixed methods and focussing on both SMEs that internationalise and those that do not. This leads to a more comprehensive understanding of the issues influencing attitudes to SME internationalisation, which could facilitate policy development for such companies. Design/methodology/approach Mixed methods are used in this study to provide a richness of data in investigating this complex issue. The majority of research in this field has focussed on quantitative research, however, this study heeds calls for more plurality in research on SME internationalisation to achieve a more detailed understanding of the issues affecting SME internationalisation. This is achieved through an online questionnaire of 169 food producing SMEs in Wales and Brittany, informed by International Entrepreneurship theory. A second phase of semi-structured interviews provides more context to the questionnaire findings, with 37 interviews conducted with respondents from the questionnaire. Each phase was conducted independently, with findings triangulated for further investigation. Findings Companies of all characteristics have the ability to internationalise; however, cultural differences were observed between Wales and Brittany in both attitudes and the conditions for internationalisation. Breton SMEs displayed more proactivity to internationalisation, stemming from more favourable conditions, a greater reputation for food and more confidence. Conversely, Welsh SMEs were more reactive, relying on government support in encouraging internationalisation. Breton SMEs also benefitted from the strong cultural identity of food products, especially through the Produit en Bretagne brand and its network of producers. Originality/value The study makes both a theoretical and methodological contribution to research on SME internationalisation. The comparative study of Wales and Brittany is significant in understanding cultural influences to internationalisation in two regions where the food and drink industry represents an important part of the economy. The focus on a single industry is significant in understanding the particularities of internationalisation within an industrial context, as findings from studies across multiple industries are considered less generalisable. A methodological contribution is sought through using mixed methods to provide a more comprehensive study.

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Pereira, Elisabeth T. "The internationalisation of Portuguese SMEs." International Journal of Business and Globalisation 1, no. 3 (2007): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbg.2007.015055.

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Pergelova, Albena, Fernando Angulo-Ruiz, and Desislava I. Yordanova. "Gender and international entry mode." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 36, no. 6 (March 23, 2018): 662–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242618763012.

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This article examines whether male- and female-led small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) adopt different strategic directions when internationalising. We build on the notion of gendered socialisation and the resource-based view examining gender differences in international entry modes. We also analyse several contingencies in the relationship between gender and internationalisation. Findings indicate that female-led SMEs are more likely to internationalise via export than foreign direct investment (FDI). The results challenge conventional wisdom on the role of resources and capabilities accumulated with manager age in the process of internationalisation; younger female chief executive officers are more likely to internationalise via FDI. The results offer novel insights to the literature on internationalisation of SMEs calling for more attention towards the interplay of social norms and gendered structural arrangements, on the one hand, and entrepreneurial agency, on the other, for a better understanding of the internationalisation of female-led SMEs.

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Santhosh, Channappa, and Mungila Halemane Bala Subrahmanya. "The Speed and the Degree of SME Internationalisation in Bangalore: An Analysis of its Determining Factors." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies 6, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2393957520913762.

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This article presents an empirical inquiry on the drivers that have influenced the speed and the degree of SME internationalisation in Bangalore. The article is based on primary data gathered from 70 internationalised small and medium enterprises (SMEs) belonging to the machinery industry in Bangalore urban district. Our analysis ascertained that the size of the firm and CEOs’ foreign language proficiency are the significant determinants of the speed of SME internationalisation. CEOs’ international experience, motivation, international network and speed of entry positively influenced the degree of SME internationalisation. Thus, the present study lays emphasis on ‘entrepreneurial competence’ and ‘strategic entry’ that determine the speed and degree of internationalisation of SMEs, for appropriate policy attention for promoting SME internationalisation.

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Castagna, Francesco, Piera Centobelli, Roberto Cerchione, Eugenio Oropallo, Shashi, and Serena Strazzullo. "Assessing SMEs’ Internationalisation Strategies in Action." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 9, 2020): 4743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144743.

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In this paper, a structured review was conducted to investigate the internationalisation process of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to define barriers and enablers and identify research gaps in this relevant field. Data were collected from two databases of scientific peer-reviewed articles (i.e., Scopus and Web of Science). After the selection process, 161 papers focusing on SMEs’ internalisation were analysed using both descriptive and content analysis. The analysis of the results highlights that SMEs’ internalisation is a growing research field, but different research gaps remain to be filled. These gaps concern barriers, impact on performance, models, and theories related to the different phases of the internationalisation process (e.g., start-up, early entrance, international growth). The future research directions identified interesting suggestions and guidelines for future researchers in the field of SMEs internationalisation.

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Zamberi Ahmad, Syed. "Small and medium enterprises’ internationalisation and business strategy: some evidence from firms located in an emerging market." Journal of Asia Business Studies 8, no. 2 (April 29, 2014): 168–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-03-2013-0012.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the international business strategy, key driving factors and the major barriers that may hinder the internationalisation progress of Malaysian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach – Based on the aims of the study, the paper encompasses both quantitative and qualitative data. For quantitative data, structured questionnaires were used, and a total of 216 SMEs that engaged in international business participated using purposeful sampling, covering all the states in Peninsular Malaysia. For the collection of qualitative data, the study involved in-depth interviews with 25 owners/managers of SMEs. Findings – The findings indicate that the motives of SMEs for international expansion are varied, and that SMEs still face many institutional challenges, which have prevented them from making a greater contribution. Research limitations/implications – Due to lack of resources, firms from West Malaysia were included. West Malaysian firms may well possess characteristics concerning the challenges and issues to internationalisation that are unique to their region. Originality/value – The paper addresses a knowledge gap in respect of the internationalisation process of SMEs in the context of Southeast Asia. The findings of this paper will have relevance for policymaking and supportive measures at the government level to create an environment that will stimulate the competitiveness of SMEs in their attempts for internationalisation.

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Del Giudice, Manlio, Ahmad Arslan, Veronica Scuotto, and Francesco Caputo. "Influences of cognitive dimensions on the collaborative entry mode choice of small- and medium-sized enterprises." International Marketing Review 34, no. 5 (September 11, 2017): 652–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-05-2016-0098.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address internationalisation of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by specifically focussing on collaborative entry modes. Despite significant research done on market entry and internationalisation strategies of firms, the use of collaborative entry modes by SMEs during internationalisation has not received a lot of attention. The authors contribute to foreign market entry studies by analysing the influences of cognitive dimensions on collaborative entry mode choice (equity vs non-equity modes) of SMEs in their international markets. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyse the influences of cognitive dimensions on the choice between equity-based vs non-equity-based collaborative entry modes. The empirical sample consists of internationalisation strategies of 345 Italian SMEs, where the authors used a questionnaire to collect the data. The authors use structural equation modelling to analyse influences of factors like asymmetric information, informal institutional distance, time trends of country, perception of size and resources of potential host country partners, and perception of host country partners’ power on this important market entry mode. Findings The results show that high informal institutional distance leads to preference of non-equity-based collaborative entry mode by Italian SMEs. The authors also find that positive time trends of the host country, positive perception of size and resource of the local partner, as well as the local partners’ power leads to preference of equity-based collaborative entry mode by Italian SMEs. Originality/value This study focusses on an ignored aspect of market entry strategies, i.e., equity vs non-equity collaborative entry mode choice of SMEs. The authors use insights from resource-based view and cognitive dimensions literature, to address the influences of five cognitive dimensions on the collaborative entry mode choice of SMEs during their internationalisation.

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Ooi, Shir May, and Christopher Richardson. "The internationalisation of service-sector SMEs in an emerging market." Review of International Business and Strategy 29, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-02-2018-0023.

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PurposeThis paper aims to explore the internationalisation of service-sector small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from an emerging market, focussing on the entry modes, psychic distance, business network, internationalisation challenges and capabilities of business training and consultancy firms from Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachA multiple-case study approach is adopted, and 31 in-depth interviews were conducted with the top management and executives from eight business training and consultation (BT&C) firms in Malaysia. The Uppsala model is used for theoretical guidance to analyse the internationalisation of the firms.FindingsThe results suggest that psychic distance, business network and business capabilities influence the internationalisation of BT&C firms from Malaysia. However, the discussion of entry modes in the framework of service internationalisation does not accurately explain the internationalisation of the studied firms.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is a qualitative research based on the experiences of eight firms. The basis of this study is inadequate for scientific generalisation. Quantitative research should be conducted in the future to provide a statistical test and empirical results. This study is concerned with the emerging-market context. The study could be expanded to include more industries and other emerging markets in the future.Practical implicationsThis study explored the application of internationalisation theories to the BT&C industry in an emerging market, with particular emphasis on firms’ entry modes, psychic distance, business networks, international challenges and capabilities. This study also highlighted some of the key internationalisation challenges facing emerging market small- and medium-sized enterprises (EMSMEs), underlining the importance of business networks and capabilities.Social implicationsNevertheless, this study shares useful and practical discoveries concerning the internationalisation process of BT&C firms from the emerging market, focussing on entry modes, psychic distance, business network, the challenges faced and the required capabilities.Originality/valueThe study provides new insights into service internationalisation in SMEs from an emerging market. The application of internationalisation theories to the BT&C industry in an emerging market is analysed.

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Turunen, Helena, and Niina Nummela. "Internationalisation at home: The internationalisation of location-bound service SMEs." Journal of International Entrepreneurship 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10843-016-0167-y.

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Ngoma, Mohammed, Abaho Ernest, Sudi Nangoli, and Kusemererwa Christopher. "Internationalisation of SMEs: does entrepreneurial orientation matter?" World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 13, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-08-2016-0039.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate entrepreneurial orientation (EO) as a predictor of internationalisation of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The key research question is “to what extent do the dimensions of EO (innovativeness, proactiveness and risk taking) predict internationalisation of SMEs?” Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a cross-sectional survey to collect data from 282 SMEs, with the use of a multi-dimensional self-administered questionnaire. All the measures in this study were adopted from existing instruments from previous studies and all showed a CVI above 0.8. Data were analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics, correlations and hierarchical regression. The nature and strength of the relationships between the variables was tested using the zero-order bivariate correlation analysis. Findings The study establishes a significant relationship between the dimensions of EO and internationalisation of SMEs. Research limitations/implications This paper contributes to the corpus of literature on internationalisation of SMEs. Future research should consider the major constructs from a longitudinal point of view given that cross-sectional studies sometimes fail to examine the interaction effect of the variables. Practical implications The paper illustrates how EO dimensions can influence an entrepreneur’s decision to go international especially handling the process of internationalisation and its dynamics. Originality/value The paper provides contextual evidence from a developing country to the effect that as local investors get more inclined to EO, they in the process ease their way to joining the international business arena.

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Kovaitė, Kristina, Paulius Šūmakaris, Jelena Stankevičienė, and Renata Korsakienė. "Industry 4.0 as the Driving Force of SME Internationalisation: A Case of Lithuania." Economics and Business 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2019-0014.

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Abstract Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are assumed to be one of the key contributors to the country’s economic growth and social welfare. Thus, their internationalisation appears to be inevitable considering how globalisation processes have changed the rules of competition in recent decades. Smart and digitalised technologies (Internet of Things and Services, etc.) decentralise communication and provide the opportunities for new firms to overcome the barriers of geographical location and access international markets through co-creation business models and changes of the value chains. The paper aims at analysing and disclosing how the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) influences SME internationalisation. The present study is grounded on the research of extant scientific literature and assessment of experts. The research demonstrates that Industry 4.0 positively influences the internationalisation of SMEs on a number of dimensions. The recommendations for managers and policymakers how to foster internationalisation of SMEs are suggested.

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Jane Hewerdine, Lisa, Maria Rumyantseva, and Catherine Welch. "Resource scavenging." International Marketing Review 31, no. 3 (May 6, 2014): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-11-2012-0194.

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Purpose – There has been growing interest in studying the internationalisation of small and medium-sized high-technology firms. This literature tends to equate “internationalisation” with the “internationalisation of sales”. Yet sales are not the only international activity of high-tech firms. High-tech firms need resources and not just markets. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to an understanding of this resource dimension of the international behaviour of high-tech firms. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical basis for the study lies in a multiple case study of six high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The authors selected two firms from each of three high-tech industries: biotechnology (specifically drug development), renewable energy and ICT. The key decision makers in each firms were then interviewed in depth. Findings – The authors show that for the case firms in the study, internationalisation can take the form of searching, prospecting or “scavenging” for resources. “Resource-seeking” behaviour occurs because the SMEs do not own, control or have access to sufficient resources to bring their technology to market on their own. The pattern of internationalisation that results from resource scavenging is different to that of traditional “market-seeking” internationalisation. Originality/value – This paper provides evidence of how the resource-acquisition behaviour of high-tech SMEs can be an important element of their internationalisation. Yet existing literature has focused almost exclusively on the market-seeking internationalisation of these firms.

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Rahman, Mahfuzur, and John Mendy. "Evaluating people-related resilience and non-resilience barriers of SMEs’ internationalisation." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-02-2018-1361.

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Purpose People-related factors are very significant barriers for the internationalisation of large and small firms. Although the literature has identified a number of steps that SMEs need to take to increase their resilience in international markets, a study that identifies both the resilience and non-resilience barriers for SME internationalisation has not been undertaken in the scientific fields Human Resource Management and International Business. This paper aims to examine resilience and non-resilience barriers faced by SMEs in a developing country. In addition to the resilience literature, they examine non-resilience and combine its characteristics with resilience barriers from the Bangladeshi context. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative data analysis technique is used in this study to identify the impacts of these resilience/non-resilience issues’ internationalisation of SMEs both from micro and macro levels. This study has used primary data collected through the questionnaires from 212 Bangladeshi SMEs. Based on the data, this study has developed and validated partial least square-based structural equation model to assess the impacts of resilience factors on the internationalisation of SMEs with particular attention to entrepreneurial attractiveness. Findings It has successfully framed resilience vs non-resilience barriers of the internationalisation of SMEs as a second-order hierarchical reflective model and found that internationalisation of SMEs is significantly influenced by the resilience factors where language and related socio-cultural issues are marginally more significant. Research limitations/implications A couple of limitations include the following. First, concentrating on resilience and non-resilience serves as a limitation as the authors could have had resilience vs other categories such political, economic, legal and technological barriers. Second, they have mainly used cross-sectional data by using the survey method. This study could have been better served had they also tried to combine the use of qualitative analysis as attempted elsewhere. Practical implications Practically, this study researched in an area which was neglected and under-reported by existing studies. Its exploration showed that it has potential to contribute significantly to the policymakers and implementers, as it comprises SMEs and emerging countries. It has been noted in the literature that these economies and firms are less capable to conduct research independently, as they are resource-constrained. Social implications The results reveal that both resilience- and non-resilience-related barriers are significant to SMEs internationalisation. However, if policymakers were to give priority to any one of these, they should give marginally more priority to resilience-type barriers compared to the non-resilience barriers to internationalisation. Originality/value To date, studies on resilience have concentrated on identifying challenges faced by firms and what types of behaviours are required by individual members so as to enhance survival. However, there are no studies so far on identifying or even modelling both resilience and non-resilience barriers within the context of SMEs internationalisation in developing countries. This study combines resilience and non-resilience factors in a model to find out their contribution especially in the under explored area of non-resilience from a Bangladeshi contextual perspective that seeks to encourage international entrepreneurship.

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Torkkeli, Lasse, Olli Kuivalainen, Sami Saarenketo, and Kaisu Puumalainen. "Institutional environment and network competence in successful SME internationalisation." International Marketing Review 36, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-03-2017-0057.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of institutional environment on the international performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and how this relationship is influenced by network competence. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a quantitative approach. In total, 119 internationally operating Finnish SMEs from five industry sectors are sampled via a cross-sectional survey. Data are analysed through regression modelling. Findings The international performance of SMEs is influenced directly and indirectly by institutional drivers. The results show that network competence mediates the positive relationship between institutional drivers and international performance. Research limitations/implications Network capability development can help SMEs leverage more or less favourable institutional environments for successful internationalisation. Perceived institutional drivers directly result in higher performance, but the effect can be partially mediated by dynamic capabilities. The limitations of the study include its single-country context and the cross-sectional nature of the data. Practical implications SMEs should take their home countries’ institutional environments into account, but for long-term success, they should develop the ability to manage their business networks. A conducive institutional environment may help develop competence, which in turn can enable more successful internationalisation in terms of scale, scope and satisfaction. Social implications Decision-makers may benefit from knowing that, in addition to capabilities, an institutionally conducive environment that drives domestic SMEs towards international markets may be an antecedent of successful internationalisation in the SME sector. Originality/value This is one of the few studies to illustrate how network capabilities can mediate the influence of institutional factors on entrepreneurial internationalisation. It combines institutional theory and the dynamic capabilities view to explain successful SME internationalisation.

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Ratten, Vanessa, Leo Paul Dana, Mary Han, and Isabell Welpe. "Internationalisation of SMEs: European comparative studies." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 4, no. 3 (2007): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2007.013257.

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Naz, Rafia, R. D. Pathak, and Gurmeet Singh. "SMEs in Samoa: journey towards internationalisation." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 10, no. 4 (2010): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2010.034028.

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Saridakis, George, Bochra Idris, Jared M. Hansen, and Leo Paul Dana. "SMEs' internationalisation: When does innovation matter?" Journal of Business Research 96 (March 2019): 250–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.001.

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Mahmood, Muhammad. "Internationalisation of Manufacturing SMEs in Australia." Small Enterprise Research 5, no. 2 (January 1997): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/ser.5.2.20.

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April, Zuko, and Colin Reddy. "The internationalisation of SMEs in South Africa: export capacity, capability and commitment." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 8, no. 2 (July 30, 2015): 567–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v8i2.109.

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The difficulties of exporting require immense commitment on the part of owner-managers of SMEs. This article sought to investigate how the commitment of owner-managers to the export market influences the export capacity of SMEs in a developing country context such as South Africa. It found that export commitment influences export capacity indirectly by means of the SME’s export capabilities and confirms the importance of an experiential learning process in the case of SME exporters within developing countries. The article emphasises the importance of the SME owner-manager’s commitment to set upon the often difficult and energy sapping experiential learning process for developing export capacity. Up to now, much of the literature on SME internationalisation from developing countries addresses what factors contribute towards their internationalisation but not how they internationalise. We have integrated three concepts in the internationalisation literature - export commitment, export capability and export capacity - into a process model on how export capacity develops among SMEs.

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Éltető, Andrea, and Beáta Udvari. "Export of Hungarian SMEs – testing network internationalisation." Journal of East European Management Studies 24, no. 4 (2019): 614–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0949-6181-2019-4-614.

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Due to the global economic crisis of 2008, small and medium-sized enterprises were forced to increase their international (export) activities. As Hungary is one of the most integrated countries in global production networks, we use its example to explore what factors promote or hinder the Hungarian SMEs’ internationalisation process focusing on the effects of network internationalisation. Our questionnaire survey provided a sample of 148 exporting SMEs. Our first hypothesis is that there are differences between network-participants and non-supplier firms in terms of export promoting and hindering factors. The results show such differences, but these are not statistically significant. Our second hypothesis is that stronger and looser network participant SMEs differ, which we illustrate by two case studies, pointing to the importance of management strategy.

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Grimstad, Siv Marina Flø, Richard Glavee-Geo, and Barbro Elisabeth Fjørtoft. "SMEs motivations for CSR: an exploratory study." European Business Review 32, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 553–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-01-2019-0014.

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Purpose The paper aims to investigate the relationship between firms’ motivation for corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the moderating role of internationalisation. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed and tested a conceptual model based on a survey of 65 respondents from the Møre and Romsdal (M&R) maritime cluster. The M&R maritime cluster despite being national has strong interconnections to the global maritime industry and as such, presents a suitable context for testing our research model. Findings The findings show that firms’ intrinsic motivation drives CSR more than extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is understood as a firm engaging in CSR because it is the right thing to do and done out of one’s free will without compulsion or coercion. Extrinsic motivation relates to an action that is performed to achieve a separate outcome. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are found to be related and not mutually exclusive. The impact of intrinsic motivation on CSR was found to be contingent on the extent of the internationalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Originality/value The key contribution of the study is the modelling of firms’ motivation for CSR activities and the contingent effect of internationalisation. In as much as companies perceive CSR activities as the right thing to do, the motive to do so also depends on the business case/profit motive. The study shows that SMEs’ intrinsic motivation is the driving force in CSR implementation and suggests that the urge by firms to give back to society is strengthened under conditions of high economic incentives and the firms’ degree of internationalisation.

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Arora, Nidhi, and Parneet Kaur. "Internationalisation of Indian SMEs: problems and prospects." International Journal of Economics and Business Research 21, no. 2 (2021): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2021.113151.

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KAUFMANN, HANS RUEDIGER, LUTZ SOMMER, MANUEL HAUG, SUSANNE DURST, and WERNER GRONAU. "SMES AWARENESS OF THE RELEVANCE OF INTERNATIONALISATION." International Journal of Management Cases 10, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5848/apbj.2008.00082.

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Dana, Leo Paul, and Teresa E. Dana. "On the internationalisation of New Zealand SMEs." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 1, no. 3/4 (2004): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2004.005663.

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Ribau, Cláudia P., António C. Moreira, and Mário Raposo. "Export performance and the internationalisation of SMEs." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 30, no. 2 (2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2017.081438.

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Raposo, Mário, António C. Moreira, and Cláudia P. Ribau. "Export performance and the internationalisation of SMEs." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 30, no. 2 (2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2017.10002038.

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Olejnik, Edith, and Bernhard Swoboda. "SMEs' internationalisation patterns: descriptives, dynamics and determinants." International Marketing Review 29, no. 5 (September 7, 2012): 466–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651331211260340.

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Kaur, Parneet, and Nidhi Arora. "Internationalisation of Indian SMEs: Problems and Prospects." International Journal of Economics and Business Research 21, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2021.10030804.

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Fernandes, Cristina I. M. A. S., João J. M. Ferreira, Carla Azevedo Lobo, and Mario Raposo. "The impact of market orientation on the internationalisation of SMEs." Review of International Business and Strategy 30, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-09-2019-0120.

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Purpose A key point in the internationalisation process of companies comes with the choice of international market. Following this choice, the results companies may thereby obtain help in measuring their level of international performance. This study aims to measure the impact of internationalisation processes in keeping with company market orientations (MOs) through measuring their effect on international performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors obtained the data from a questionnaire sent out by email to a total of 8,103 exporting companies and/or with interests in exporting (the study population) registered in the AICEP-Portugal Global database that provided the email addresses of the company representatives responsible for internationalisation. The authors received a total of 320 valid responses (sample). Findings The results display a positive MO effect both on internationalisation processes and on international performance. The authors also note the importance of studying the influence of strategic orientations on internationalization processes, motivated by the particular SME’s characteristics. Originality/value The authors aim to contribute to the study of the influence of the MO, both upstream and downstream, thus seeking to verify its impact on internationalization processes.

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WYER, PETER, GRAHAME BOOCOCK, and IBRAHIM ABDUL-HAMID. "THE INTERNATIONALISATION OF SMALL-AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES: TOWARDS AN ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK." Journal of Enterprising Culture 06, no. 03 (September 1998): 283–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495898000163.

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The business world today is characterised by a high degree of globalisation and internationalisation - a phenomena which affect all firms irrespective of size. After a summary of current learning theories, and the representation of an SME as a 'potentially unique problem type', the paper offers a critique of previous studies on internationalisation. A research methodology of 'bootstrapping' is utilised to develop a framework for explaining how SMEs in Malaysia identify, then tackle, opportunities and threats in the international arena. A broad analytical framework is developed, combining partial frameworks of insight from the literature in a range of academic disciplines (SMEs, strategic management, internationalisation and learning theory) with insights from key informants in current empirical work. The value chain is an essential component of the overall framework, underpinned by an organisational learning perspective. Our initial findings are only tentative. We do not present a 'model' of good business practice, rather a conceptual framework to examine how SMEs learn to develop in an international sense. This framework is helpful in explaining the development of firms encountered in our empirical research.

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Uzhegova, Maria, Lasse Torkkeli, and Sami Saarenketo. "Corporate Social Responsibility in SMEs: Implications on Competitive PerformanceDate submitted: October 12, 2017Revised version accepted after double blind review: December 15, 2018." management revue 30, no. 2-3 (2019): 232–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2019-2-3-232.

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This study explores the relevance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The role of CSR in SMEs has so far been scarcely researched, and the relationship between internationalisation and CSR development in SMEs, in particular, could do with the further study. Since it has been found that organisational capabilities and CSR both impact SME performance, we illustrate these relationships and differentiate between the domestic and internationalised SMEs. The empirical part of the study is based on the survey data from a sample of 141 Finnish SMEs. Results obtained via linear regression modelling show that network competence plays a part in contributing to CSR, which in turn positively affects the SME’s competitive performance, but only in internationalised SMEs. CSR is found to mediate the relationship between network competence and competitive performance. The study thus contributes both to the literature on CSR as well as that on SME internationalisation and argues for the importance of the former as a true predictor of enhanced SME competitiveness.

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Coudounaris, Dafnis N. "Typologies of internationalisation pathways of SMEs: what is new?" Review of International Business and Strategy 28, no. 3/4 (November 9, 2018): 286–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-12-2017-0119.

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Purpose This study aims to examine internationalisation pathways of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) based on a sample from Manchester, UK, and it provides an exercise theory testing of the Uppsala model with data from SMEs from Manchester. It investigates the existence of new internationalisation pathways and the parallel use of four dimensions, namely, export intensity, export destination, time dimension and number of export markets. Design/methodology/approach The suggested model of international pathways is developed based on a survey of 110 firms located in the Greater Manchester area. The study of the population was based on a stratified sample of firms included in the KOMPASS directory in the Greater Manchester area. t-Test analysis was performed on combinations of the six pathways. Findings The results reveal that SMEs follow a pattern of internationalisation pathways consisting of non-exporters, traditional small exporters, traditional medium exporters, accelerated medium exporters, born globals and declining exporters. The paper concludes that the Uppsala model does not apply in this study. Originality/value There is evidence of a new pathway, i.e. accelerated medium exporters and the CEOs of Manchester SMEs, and governmental authorities in the UK should consider targeting this group or developing appropriate export promotion programmes.

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Lafuente, Esteban, Maria-Cristina Stoian, and Josep Rialp. "From export entry to de-internationalisation through entrepreneurial attributes." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 22, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-09-2012-0101.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine export behaviour from a broad perspective considering the influence of entrepreneurial attributes on export entry, export sustainability and de-internationalisation in Romanian small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach – Based on theoretical underpinnings from the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm and the Institutional Economics (IE) framework, the proposed hypotheses are tested with a rich survey data set of 319 Romanian SMEs. The data are analysed by means of a multinomial logit regression. Findings – The study reveals that exporting is not a single event and that variables commonly used to study export propensity linked to the entrepreneurial attributes have a differential influence over the export decisions. More concretely, export entry is positively impacted by the presence of management studies and an entrepreneurial team while sustainment in the international arena is strongly and positively influenced by decision-makers’ prior labour experience. De-internationalisation is explained by the entrepreneurs’ fear of business failure. The conclusions of this study point towards a holistic view of export policy making revealing relevant implications for SMEs’ internationalisation. Originality/value – This study enriches the international business literature by simultaneously examining different export decisions, namely export initiation, sustainability and de-internationalisation, at the SMEs’ level in a Central and Eastern European (CEE) emerging market. The paper also highlights the dynamic character of entrepreneurial resources and suggests that at distinct stages in the international development of a SME, different entrepreneurial attributes may play a significant role.

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Costa, Eric, António Lucas Soares, and Jorge Pinho de Sousa. "Institutional networks for supporting the internationalisation of SMEs: the case of industrial business associations." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 32, no. 8 (October 2, 2017): 1182–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-03-2017-0067.

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Purpose This paper aims to study and explore the activities and the use of institutional network resources by industrial business associations (IBAs) to support and facilitate internationalisation processes of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Other goals are to understand the internationalisation follow-up process and the future vision of IBAs to improve this internationalisation support. Design/methodology/approach Based on empirical evidence and following an abductive approach, this paper presents a qualitative exploratory field research, providing insights from interviews performed with 20 IBAs based in Portugal. Findings The findings suggest that the current institutional network support to internationalisation is mainly provided through promotional activities; counselling, training and technical and legal support; information sharing; and cooperation with other institutional entities. Each support category is explored and explained and a new conceptual model is developed to represent these findings. Regarding the internationalisation follow-up, IBAs provide a continuous support for the international operations by using some instruments and mechanisms to assist SMEs after an internationalisation initiative. Finally, collaboration and the use of new information technology are the main aspects to improve IBAs’ support in a near future. Research limitations/implications The qualitative methodological approach adopted in this work can imply a larger difficulty to obtain a generalisation of the findings. Another limitation is that the participating IBAs are based in only one country. Practical implications Findings can help SMEs to understand the functioning and the benefits of using the institutional network resources of IBAs in overcoming their lack of resources to operate in international markets. IBAs can also understand their current position in terms of internationalisation support and think about new ways for improving this support. Originality/value This paper contributes to a better understanding of the influence of institutional networks in SME internationalisation by exploring the specific role of one of the institutional actors rather than focusing on the institutional network as a whole. Therefore, this study details the current activities and uncovers other types of support provided by IBAs that are not based on export promotion programmes. New knowledge is also obtained about the specific information content, information sources and means and channels of information sharing used by IBAs for supporting SME internationalisation.

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Mudalige, Dharshana, Noor Azizi Ismail, and Sarath Dassanayaka. "Owner Specific Factors, Firm Specific Factors, Internationalisation and Performance of SMEs in Sri Lanka: A Conceptual Framework." Journal of Business Management and Accounting 3 (February 23, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jbma2013.3.0.8882.

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As SMEs are internationalising at a faster rate today, theories that can explain SME internationalisation and performance are of extreme importance. At present there is no agreement among scholars on a single theoretical framework on SME internationalisation and performance. The literature suggested that contemporary firm performance is not associated with traditional factors. However, firm internationalisation and SME performance seem to be directly associated with unobservable owner and firm factors. However the literature indicated that past research does not conclusively prove the complex impact of owner or firm specific factors on SME internationalisation and performance. To fill this research gap, a conceptual framework that explains the relationship between internationalisation and performance was developed based on internationalisation, entrepreneurship, and organisational learning theories. Owner specific factors and firm specific factors in the conceptual framework are brand orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and industry context respectively. In addition, this framework expands the scope of study in internationalisation-performance relationship by considering the moderating effect of organisational learning. Five hypotheses were developed to test the relationship between the variables in the conceptual framework. The outcome of this research can enhance the understanding of SME internationalisation process and provide some insights for policy makers, and SME owners and managers.

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Gerschewski, Stephan, Natasha Evers, Anh Tuan Nguyen, and Fabian Jintae Froese. "Trade Shows and SME Internationalisation: Networking for Performance." Management International Review 60, no. 4 (July 15, 2020): 573–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11575-020-00421-y.

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Abstract Trade shows are a key vehicle where SMEs often develop networks, through which valuable resources for internationalisation can be acquired. However, there tends to be a scarcity of research on the performance outcomes of network development of international SMEs (ISMEs), particularly, in trade show forums. Adopting a network-based view, we investigate the influence of trade shows on the performance of ISMEs. Results from a survey of 229 Australian and New Zealand SMEs indicate that proactiveness is positively associated with the development of networks through trade shows, which, in turn, increases the firms’ operational performance, but not financial performance. In addition, the effect of trade shows is generally more beneficial for ISMEs in the service industry, compared to other industries.

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Dang, Vu Hung, and Valerie Lindsay. "Determinants of hedging strategy in foreign exchange risk management by exporting small and medium-sized enterprises: The mediating role of resources." Journal of General Management 48, no. 1 (October 2022): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03063070211063310.

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Foreign exchange risk management is well researched in the context of multinational enterprises, but how small and medium sized exporting firms manage their forex risk is still largely unexplored, especially through an international business lens. This study investigates how New Zealand and Australian exporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) manage foreign exchange (forex) risk, and the impact of increasing internationalisation on this. The study draws on two theoretical perspectives to assist the investigation: the resource-based view and internationalisation theory. The surveys were distributed to New Zealand and Australian exporting firms across a full range of industry sectors represented in the business database provided by Kompass. Statistical analyses, including exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to test the measurement model, structural model and research hypotheses. The study identifies four determinants of forex risk strategy of exporting SMEs: degree of internationalisation, forex exposure, perceived forex risk and resources. Organisational and human resources are shown to have a key mediation role in the model. The study provides insights into key determinants of forex risk management and their interrelationships in the little examined context of exporting SMEs.

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Virglerova, Zuzana, Eva Ivanova, Jan Dvorsky, Jaroslav Belas, and Tomáš Krulický. "Selected factors of internationalisation and their impact on the SME perception of the market risk." Oeconomia Copernicana 12, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 1011–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2021.033.

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Research background: Internationalisation of entrepreneurial activities provides an ample opportunity for the growth and sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). When making their business activities international, SMEs are facing various obstacles. Investigating the key factors of internationalisation and their impact on SME decision making constitutes a key factor of the research work. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of the paper is to examine the impact of selected factors of SME internationalisation on the positive perception of the market risk. Higher export costs, differences in legal environment, taxes, and linguistic and cultural differences were set to be the significant factors influencing the positive perception of the market risk. Bearing the main purpose in mind, the Visegrad Four (V4 ? Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary) were examined. Methods: The questionnaire in mother tongue of each country in online and paper form was used. The questionnaire consists of 77 questions divided into several sections. Likert five-point scale was used to allow the respondents to express their opinion. In total, 1585 responses were completed. A regression analysis was used to verify the statistical significance of the independent variables and to quantify the causal relationships (determining the direction and strength of the effect) on the dependent variable. As the variables are of one metric, a linear regression model (LRM) was selected to validate the hypothesis. Findings & value added: The internationalisation of SME activities brings along many risks and barriers that SMEs need to overcome if they want to enter international markets. Many SMEs consider the barriers and restrictions to enter foreign markets to be severe. Therefore, they decide to do their business domestically. It was established in the research that only 30.2% of the respondents expanded their business activities internationally. The biggest impact on the positive assessment of the market risk was found to have linguistic and cultural differences. They do not have a negative effect on the positive perception of the market risk, so they do not hinder SMEs in their international expansion. The second most important was the factor of the export costs. The factor of possible increased costs is quite important for SMEs in making their decisions whether to expand internationally or not. This factor also shapes a positive approach to assessing the market risk by SMEs. In the research, SMEs confirmed that potential higher costs do not represent a major barrier for them in shaping their attitudes towards the market risk. The remaining factors being analysed, namely differences in legal environment and taxes, did not have a significant impact on the positive assessment of the market risk internationally. The practical implications can be found in new information about market risk in process of internationalisation provided from four selected countries.

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Nawaz, Raja Rub, Navaz Naghavi, Muhammad Shujaat Mubarik, and Sajjida Reza. "Internationalisation challenges of SMEs: role of intellectual capital." International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital 1, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlic.2021.10035394.

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Gonzalez-Perez, Maria Alejandra, Juan Velez-Ocampo, and Carolina Herrera-Cano. "Entrepreneurs’ Features Affecting the Internationalisation of Service SMEs." Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review 6, no. 2 (2018): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15678/eber.2018.060201.

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Sia, Bil Kai, Yan Yin Lee, and Mohammad Falahat. "Digitalisation and internationalisation of SMEs in emerging markets." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 45, no. 3 (2022): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2022.10046058.

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Reza, Sajjida, Muhammad Shujaat Mubarik, Navaz Naghavi, and Raja Rub Nawaz. "Internationalisation challenges of SMEs: role of intellectual capital." International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital 18, no. 3 (2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlic.2021.116468.

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Lee, Yan Yin, Mohammad Falahat, and Bil Kai Sia. "Digitalisation and internationalisation of SMEs in emerging markets." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 45, no. 3 (2022): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2022.122024.

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Doucet, Pablo, Ignacio Requejo, and Isabel Suárez González. "Preferential hiring of relatives and family SMEs' internationalisation." European J. of International Management 1, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ejim.2022.10044225.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SMEs internationalisation'

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