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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Smell'
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1
Bampovits, Stefanos, and Amelie Löwe. "Do Software Code Smell Checkers Smell Themselves? : A Self Reflection." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97558.
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Code smells are defined as poor implementation and coding practices, and as a result decrease the overall quality of a source code. A number of code smell detection tools are available to automatically detect poor implementation choices, i.e., code smells. The detection of code smells is essential in order to improve the quality of the source code. This report aims to evaluate the accuracy and quality of seven different open-source code smell detection tools, with the purpose of establishing their level of trustworthiness.To assess the trustworthiness of a tool, we utilize a controlled experiment in which several versions of each tool are scrutinized using the most recent version of the same tool. In particular, we wanted to verify to what extent the code smell detection tools that reveal code smells in other systems, contain smells themselves. We further study the evolution of code smells in the tools in terms of number, types of code smells and code smell density.
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Jinks, Anthony. "The perception of complex odour mixtures by humans /." [Richmond, N.S.W.] : School of Food Sciences, University of Western Sydney, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030507.151554/index.html.
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Ndoro, Tariro. "The smell hits you first." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021236.
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This collection of poems and prose poems is a record of my life, from growing up in the small town of Bindura in Zimbabwe to landing in the small town of Grahamstown in South Africa. It is a story of dislocation: physical, emotional, and political. It is a story about borders and boundaries; although not rich, I was raised among the rich; although not white, I spent a considerable part of my childhood in white spaces. These fragments are told through the voice of my younger self and also retrospectively by my adult self. Two important influences on my style and my struggle to write about my identity have been Woman Hollering Creek by Latino American author Sandra Cisneros and Citizen: An American Lyric by US poet Claudia Rankine.
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Barnier, Maxime. "Smell, memory and games. Exploring the potential of the sense of smell in memory games." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22402.
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This study is focused on the impact of smell on the memory in the context of games. The aim is to understand what the effects of smell on human’s memorization and learning process are. The research topic is explored through creating a memory game designed specifically for the study: “Guess My Face”. In this game, the players have to memorize pictures of faces parts using their specific scents. The game’s goal is to manage to compose a random face provided by the game with the face parts that the players learned. However, the difficulty lies in the fact that the players do not see the face parts pictures during the game and so, have to rely on their sense of smell alone.The game intends to contribute to the research area in different ways. First, it provides a technological solution for involving the inclusion of smell in games by using smell boxes connected to the computer. Second, the playtestings of the game highlight issues that a game designer has to take account by involving smell: balancing the strengths of the scents, participants experiencing dizziness after smelling a lot of different scents, the amount of time that smells remain in the air, the fact that coffee can be used to neutralize scents. Finally, the game contributes to the exploration of the way that smell triggers memories and how it could help for enhancing learning. Through the iterations of testing, the study reveals that smell is a sense that people do not often rely on for memorizing and they prefer visual memory. Moreover, we learn that players memorize pictures more easily when scent is involved, as they use several cognitive strategies or reflexes: characterizing the scents with adjectives or identifying their origin (fruits, woods), involving emotions (disgust, strangeness), and relying on personal experience (creating a link between a scent and picture thanks to the memory of a person/object/event). This cognitive behaviour shows that smell has the potential to enhance memory by creating meaningful knowledge and making the assimilation of information easier, an arena that has been dealt with by George Miller in his ’chunking theory’ (Thompson et al., 2005).
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Giblin-Jowett, Hellen. "Smell, smells and smelling in Victorian supernatural fiction of the fin de siècle." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2523.
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My PhD examines how writers at the fin de siècle responded to new understandings of smell, smells and smelling in their representations of the supernatural, demonstrating how those understandings were harnessed to nascent disciplines and technologies concerned with the limits and potential of the human subject. It recovers a lost history of smell and explains how shifts in the meaning of ‘smell’ (verb and noun) were witnessed and interrogated by writers in the period. Drawing attention to significant omissions from foundational accounts of olfaction in the nineteenth century, the thesis performs five key reclamatory readings to illuminate a number of supernatural stories. Firstly, it considers cross-channel influences on the articulation and reception of smell- description, drawing out a specifically British experience of scent that relates to the defaecalisation of the River Thames between 1858 and 1875. It then uncovers the origin, and demonstrates the literary manifestation, of analogies between music and scent. The thesis analyses how smells and noses in fin-de-siècle supernatural tales responded to new discursive possibilities afforded by late nineteenth-century developments in rhinoplasty, anaesthesia, nursing and Tractarian theology. The possible over-estimation of H. G. Wells’s reputation for early alignment with Darwinian theory is also considered through a recuperation of George William Piesse’s The Art of Perfumery (1855). Finally, it considers smellers and noses in Henry Rider Haggard’s She (1887), Richard Marsh’s The Beetle (1897), Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897), Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) and a range of prose fiction by Vernon Lee and Arthur Machen. Overall, it argues that in fin-de-siècle supernatural fiction the epistemology of smell, smells and smelling provided writers with new ways of testing, expanding and representing the boundaries of human identity.
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Wibom, Martin. "Exploration of smell rehabilitation video games." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45926.
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This project explores opportunities in designing hybrid digital/physical smell rehabilitation video games using no unique game peripherals. During a 13-week process, three major iterations were created and externally tested on a small user group. The first two iterations contained five simple minigames that served to explore different types of game concepts. For the final iteration, two minigames were fully developed, a slow- and fast-paced game. The main findings were that slow-paced better-facilitated smell training than fast-paced games; aesthetics increased the player’s focus on small training; not utilising unique game peripherals limited the design opportunities and implementation of smell mechanics.
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Johansson, Alfred. "Ensemble approach to code smell identification : Evaluating ensemble machine learning techniques to identify code smells within a software system." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Datateknik och informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49319.
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The need for automated methods for identifying refactoring items is prelevent in many software projects today. Symptoms of refactoring needs is the concept of code smells within a software system. Recent studies have used single model machine learning to combat this issue. This study aims to test the possibility of improving machine learning code smell detection using ensemble methods. Therefore identifying the strongest ensemble model in the context of code smells and the relative sensitivity of the strongest perfoming ensemble identified. The ensemble models performance was studied by performing experiments using WekaNose to create datasets of code smells and Weka to train and test the models on the dataset. The datasets created was based on Qualitas Corpus curated java project. Each tested ensemble method was then compared to all the other ensembles, using f-measure, accuracy and AUC ROC scores. The tested ensemble methods were stacking, voting, bagging and boosting. The models to implement the ensemble methods with were models that previous studies had identified as strongest performer for code smell identification. The models where Jrip, J48, Naive Bayes and SMO. The findings showed, that compared to previous studies, bagging J48 improved results by 0.5%. And that the nominally implemented baggin of J48 in Weka follows best practices and the model where impacted negatively. However, due to the complexity of stacking and voting ensembles further work is needed regarding stacking and voting ensemble models in the context of code smell identification.
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Miranda, Rachel. "and it's also the smell of laundry." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/591.
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This collection of poems brings to life the idea that in a poet's world, every day life and every single occurrence is a possible subject. Included are works brought on from the worst of circumstances, the youngest of memories, the happiest moments, and even the simplest of thoughts. The collection is autobiographical and reflective, a re-creation of the events taken place with the addition of present knowledge. The work here gives proof to the idea of cohesion between content and art form--it proves the notion that how something is being said is just as, if not more, important than what is being said itself. Concrete imagery full of sensory details, a distinct voice given through language and rhythm, and passionate, truthful emotion are only some of the specific interests found in the following pages. and it's also the smell of laundry is a collection that celebrates the cohesion of content and form, interweaves experience and art itself. This collection embraces experience, gives reason to the past, and gives strength to the present. It is autobiographical, written from painful, colorful, miserable, ecstatic, and even mundane moments. But it is also carefully crafted, true to the form, and embodies perfectly the idea of art itself as it is the carefully constructed form and tools within each piece that bring to life the experiences themselves.B.A.
Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
English; Creative Writing
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Becker, Rachel A. "You smell : the mysterious science of scent." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101358.
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Thesis: S.M. in Science Writing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Comparative Media Studies, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 20-26).
The sense of smell is a mystery-and the human sense of smell is a particularly inscrutable one. Only in the last 25 years have scientists identified the molecules in our noses responsible for detecting odors, and since then, the unexpected discovery of a new family of olfactory detection molecules has complicated the story. When the complexities of the human brain, human motivation, and human variation are added to the mix, the question of what smells do to and for us becomes even more perplexing-and intriguing. Essayist and physician Lewis Thomas wrote that understanding the sense of smell "may not seem a profound enough problem to dominate all the life sciences, but it contains, piece by piece, all the mysteries." Scientists from all fields are coming together to solve these mysteries of olfaction, and their investigations are starting to reveal that the sense of smell can move us in ways that we aren't even always aware. While it's clear that scientists are far from closing the case on smell, it is also becoming increasingly obvious that the power of the human nose is nothing to sniff at.
by Rachel A. Becker.
S.M. in Science Writing
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Spencer, Brandon. "The Effects of Computerized Smell of Memory." NSUWorks, 2005. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/856.
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It has long been recognized that there is a major correlation between smell and memory. Until recently, commercialized multi-sensory experiences involving olfaction were limited to non-computerized mediums. Companies that manufacture computerized scent technologies tout the educational benefits of their product, yet prior to this study, there appeared to be no scholarly research in regard to the efficacy of computerized scent producing peripherals in educational environments. The aim of this research was to determine the odor memory enhancement benefits of incorporating olfactory, computerized peripherals into computerized multimedia-learning environments, from both a context dependent and context independent stand point. Specifically, within a multimedia environment, the goal of this study was to ascertain whether or not there would be a significant memory performance difference between subjects who were exposed to scents at both encoding and recall, over subjects who were exposed to scents at encoding only.
There were 61 subjects tested in a carefully designed and controlled experiment. Subjects were 6th, 7th, and 8th grade students from a local private school. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: Administration of a multimedia presentation with computerized smell during the presentation but not during post-testing, administration of a multimedia presentation with computerized smell present during both the presentation and post-testing, or a control group that watched the multimedia presentation without smell and post-tested without smell. Subjects were pre-tested several weeks prior to commencement of the study and then given a post-test approximately 48 hours after viewing the presentation. It was hypothesized that subjects in both experimental conditions would demonstrate an improvement in memory over the control group based on previous studies regarding odor memory. Although there was significant improvement within groups from pre-test to post-test, there was no significant difference found between groups. Based on these results, it would appear that in regard to this study, adding computer-generated scents to multimedia environments provided no measurable value as far as memory is concerned
There are a number of issues of which future studies in the area of computerized olfaction and memory should be mindful. These include the level of immersion, the duration of the presentation, the duration of aromas, the level of subject interactivity, the age of the subjects, the scent delivery method, the type of scent technology used, and the types of questions asked of subjects.
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Henshaw, Victoria. "The role of smell in urban design." Thesis, University of Salford, 2011. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/43042/.
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The dominance of sight in built environmental design and management is well documented with smell overlooked by built environment professionals, considered of primarily negative influence upon experience and perception. However odour has special characteristics, retained in memory longer than visual images, and can transport people back through space and time through recollection and association. As a result, it has an important role to play in urban place experience. Few dedicated studies have examined the role of smell in environmental experience and perception. As a result, important questions are raised: What odours are commonplace in contemporary urban environments? How are they perceived? What is the relationship between odour and place perception and experience? What tools are available when designing olfactory environments? What are the ethical implications when doing so? Drawing on evidence from smellwalks and semi-structured interviews with fifty-two professionals, licensees, community representatives and business people in Doncaster, accompanied by data involving eighty-two residents, collected in Manchester, Sheffield and Clerkenwell, London by the Vivacity2020 Project, smell is argued highly influential in place experience and perception. This empirical study is one of the first to evidence odour perception as related to place perception with individuals playing an active role in perception according to past experiences and olfactory perceptual state. A potentially positive role for odour is identified in restorative experiences of the city, gained from natural and non-natural sources. A range of tools are introduced, assisting in designing with odour without reliance upon scenting practices, themselves identified problematic due to perceived physical and psychological reactions. Through adopting a pragmatic approach to findings, where experiences of odour are considered on a site by site basis and within the context of local stakeholder engagement, a new model is proposed by which olfactory design can be incorporated into everyday urban design decision making processes.
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MacPhee, Marybeth. "Deodorized Culture: Anthropology of Smell in America." University of Arizona, Department of Anthropology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/112059.
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The sense of smell, though rarely considered important in America, clearly delineates cultural boundaries; this is both demonstrated and promoted through marketing and advertising of consumer products. Historical analyses is invoked to explain why Americans have different tolerances for body odor than their European predecessors. Cultural perceptions of smell are assessed according to Maiy Douglas's models; they are also related to American views of disease and social structure. Odor control manifests as both the American ideal of self-control and as individual expression, or release. The inherent contradictions of these cognitive models are underscored when American culture is examined in terms of its need to control body and environmental odors.
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Sokolic, Ljiljana. "Olfactory discrimination in the rat odour masking phenomena and the disruptive effects of benzodiazepines and cannabinoids /." Connect to full text, 2008. http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/4986.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2009.Includes graphs and tables. Includes list of publications and three published articles co-authored with others. Title from title screen (viewed June 9, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Psychology. Degree awarded 2009; thesis submitted 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Kleemann, Anna Maria. "Orientation in space using the sense of smell." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-117779.
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Thalassinos, Smaragda Anna. "Touch taste hear smell see remember : District Six." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5998.
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Includes bibliographical references.My interest lies in the evocation of emotion through the sensory experience of architecture. I believe this is linked to issues of memory and spirituality, both dealing with an essence of other - a sense of presence or life that makes one aware that one is not alone in that space but is rather surrounded by traces of a spirit of the past, present and future. The use of natural light as a reminder of this was my entry point into this project.
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Sterratt, David C. "Spikes, synchrony, sequences and Schistocerca's sense of smell." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23207.
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This thesis starts from the assumption that individual neuronal action potentials (spikes) have computational and dynamical significance. Two of the types of activity that networks of spiking neurons can engage in are sequences and synchrony. The first part of the work reviews the role spikes, sequences and synchrony play in coding, dynamics and learning in the nervous system and models of the nervous system. Models of spiking neurons, especially the spike response model (SRM), feature strongly, as do synfire chains, a form of spatiotemporal sequence. A methodology chapter deals with the problem of efficient simulation of networks of threshold-fire neurons such as integrate-and-fire (IF) neurons and SRM neurons. I show that networks of SRM neurons can be simulated with larger time steps than are required for numerical integration of equivalent networks of IF neurons. I extend an introduction method for more accurate simulation of IF neurons to noiseless and stochastically-firing SRM neurons, and show that a network of noiseless, interpolated SRM neurons can be simulated with larger time step than the equivalent network of interpolated IF neurons. Synfire chains can be learned with a temporal learning rule and a supervised training protocol. I extend previous analyses of the speed of recall of a synfire chain by (a) explicitly including the speed at which the synfire chain was trained and (b) performing an analysis on a synfire chain comprising discrete neurons rather than starting from a continuum approximation. I conclude that synfire chains can be recalled much faster than the speed at which they were trained.
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Petter, Sylvia Astrid English Media & Performing Arts Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "THE SMELL OF DISLOCATION - AMBERGRIS, a novel, and The smell of dislocation: Olfactory imagery in selected works of Janette Turner Hospital." Publisher:University of New South Wales. English, Media, & Performing Arts, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41530.
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My thesis comprises a creative and a critical component. The creative component is a novel entitled Ambergris. Ambergris in both its synthetic and natural states is a fixative to contain the evanescence of scent; it is also a metaphor for my novel which is set against the background of perfume making and deals with expatriates and migrants. Through the formal structure of the novel I hope to make a contribution to literature and to engage with critical and social concerns of the expatriate condition such as the place of home, the experience of longing, and whether or not one can really belong. My critical essay is entitled "The Smell of Dislocation: Olfactory Imagery in Selected Works of Janette Turner Hospital". The words 'olfactory imagery' may seem to be a contradiction in terms due to the difficulty of containing scent and the paucity of olfactory language. Scent, however, has strong links to memory and place, and through its non-visual and associative qualities may bypass language. I argue that engagement with the representation of scent in fiction can expand the current categories of formalist criticism found in narrative theory and Creative Writing pedagogy. My essay examines how Janette Turner Hospital employs olfactory imagery in her Australian stories and novels to represent the recurring themes of dislocation underscoring the lives of many of her characters. Despite the difficulty of representing smell in fiction, I explore possibilities for thematic considerations triggered by the percept of smell as experienced by Janette Turner Hospital's characters, narrators, and possibly readers. Such explorations deal with the links between scent and memory, the liminality of both scent and the expatriate condition, as well as a narrative methodology which considers psychological and cognitive reactions to scent and culminates in their 'mapping' and the 'slippage' of personal associations. Both thesis components examine expatriate identity and approach its fictional representation through the filter of expatriate perceptions. Awareness by readers of such perceptions may serve to amplify their own appreciation of the dislocation of such identities in fiction, and in our current world of growing and even shifting diasporas.
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Davis, Eric Andrew. "Does that Sound Smell Good? An Experimental Investigation into the use of Verbal Smell References and Cooking Sounds in Radio Advertisements." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43522.
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In an industry plagued by high failure rates and exorbitant amounts spent on marketing, restaurants must find ways to increase the efficiency of their advertising. Present research demonstrates linkages between human senses and emotions and affective responses to marketing stimuli (e.g. Peck and Wiggins, 2006). However, there is presently a dearth of research addressing how advertising can creatively draw upon consumersâ senses to elicit the desired responses by stakeholders (e.g. increased purchase intent). In response to this apparent gap in our inquiry, the purpose of this study is to explore how verbal smell references (e.g. â You can almost smell the smoky and delicious aroma of your steak grilling to perfectionâ stated in the ad) and congruent cooking sounds (e.g. sizzling sounds for a steakhouse) in radio food advertisements impact consumer sensory perceptions (ability to almost taste and/or almost smell the advertised product), affective response, and purchase intentions. In addition, since current research indicates that olfactory perceptions can vary by gender (e.g. (Doty, Shaman, and Dann, 1983; Cane, 1982), this research tested for gender-based differences in these hypothesized relationships.
Regarding procedures, a sequence of two pretests were used to establish the reliability and validity of the verbal smell reference used in this research. In addition to these manipulation checks on the verbal smell reference construct, the two pretests also verified that undergraduate students would have the ability to adequately relate to the experimental setting â steakhouses. Next, a 2x2x2 between-subjects experiment was conducted in which the verbal smell reference was manipulated, congruent cooking sounds were manipulated, and gender was measured. Results indicate that a verbal smell reference in a radio ad does significantly influence a potential consumerâ s ability to almost smell and to almost taste the advertised product. The smell reference also significantly impacts individualsâ affective responses to the ad and purchase intent of the product. Interestingly, this research also found that the level of â excitementâ associated with the advertised brand perfectly mediates the relationship between the verbal smell reference and affective responses. That is, the verbal smell reference leads consumers to assess the advertised brand as being exciting which, in turn, results in positive affective responses.
This research did not detect any significant outcomes associated with the use of congruent cooking sounds in radio ads or any significant interactions between cooking sounds and verbal smell references with regard to the outcome variables. Further, gender was not found to significantly intervene in any of the hypothesized relationships. Nevertheless, the significant outcomes associated with the main effect of the verbal smell references on consumer sensory perceptions (ability to almost taste and/or almost smell the advertised product), affective response, and purchase intentions, along with the mediation of the excitement construct, are associated with formidable theoretical and managerial implications which are discussed in the concluding chapter of this thesis.
Master of Science
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Williams, Jacqueline C. (Jacqueline Clare). "Human olfactory memory : effect of temporal-lobe lesions on immediate and delayed recognition of odours." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59906.
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Odour recognition memory was studied in 49 patients with unilateral temporal lobe excision, and 20 control subjects. Odours were presented monorhinally to explore any asymmetry in performance between nostrils, and to test for hemispheric differences between patients with excision from the right versus the left temporal lobe. Testing was by a 2-alternative, forced-choice procedure, immediately after presentation and 24 hours later. A discrimination test was carried out at the conclusion of the memory test, and nondiscriminated odours were excluded from the final memory scores. The contribution of the hippocampus to odour memory was investigated by dividing patient groups according to the size of hippocampal excision. The memory test showed that only patients with excision from the left temporal lobe that included a large hippocampal removal were impaired after 24 hours. The discrimination test revealed deficits only for patients with right temporal lobectomy, and only in the right nostril.
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Chan, Ho Ka. "Olfactory processing and coding in insects." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/79823/.
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Insects rely heavily on olfaction to locate food, find mates and sense danger. Odorant stimuli in their natural environment often consist of mixtures of several chemical compounds, and stimulus concentration in air fluctuates rapidly and unpredictably. Despite the complex nature of natural odorant stimuli, odor identity can be encoded by insects' olfactory systems very quickly. How this can be achieved is still an open area of study. Here, I ask two specific questions: 1. Are the olfactory responses to mixture stimuli qualitatively different from those to pure chemical compounds and are such differences relevant to olfactory coding? and 2. Which types of temporal spike information can potentially be useful for olfactory coding? To address the first question, I extended a standard receptor model to mixtures. Through mathematical analysis of the extended model, I found that first-spike latencies are shorter and activity patterns are more stable across concentrations in olfactory receptor neurons for mixtures than for pure odorants. I then built a computational model of the early olfactory system of honey bees and showed that the above-mentioned mixture effects can also be observed deeper in insects' brain. These results suggest that mixtures can be more efficiently identified by insects than pure odorants. To address the second question, I developed mathematical methods to approximate the probability distribution of the first-spike latency of a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron upon receiving an external input signal with auto-correlated background noise. The approximation is excellent for a wide range of sizes and shapes of the signal, even when the dynamical time scale of the signal is comparable to that of membrane integration. The methods allow efficient evaluation of how reliable certain correlation patterns of spikes from multiple neurons would be formed after a sensory stimulus is applied, which indicates whether these patterns could carry information about the stimulus.
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Wise, Paul M. "Latency and accuracy of same-different discriminations of odor quality between binary mixtures and their components /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9992387.
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Anders, Patrizia. "A bioinformaticians view on the evolution of smell perception." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-30.
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Background:
The origin of vertebrate sensory systems still contains many mysteries and thus challenges to bioinformatics. Especially the evolution of the sense of smell maintains important puzzles, namely the question whether or not the vomeronasal system is older than the main olfactory system. Here I compare receptor sequences of the two distinct systems in a phylogenetic study, to determine their relationships among several different species of the vertebrates.
Results:
Receptors of the two olfactory systems share little sequence similarity and prove to be a challenge in multiple sequence alignment. However, recent dramatical improvements in the area of alignment tools allow for better results and high confidence. Different strategies and tools were employed and compared to derive a
high quality alignment that holds information about the evolutionary relationships between the different receptor types. The resulting Maximum-Likelihood tree supports the theory that the vomeronasal system is rather an ancestor of the main olfactory system instead of being an evolutionary novelty of tetrapods.
Conclusions:
The connections between the two systems of smell perception might be much more fundamental than the common architecture of receptors. A better understanding of these parallels is desirable, not only with respect to our view on evolution, but also in the context of the further exploration of the functionality and complexity of odor perception. Along the way, this work offers a practical protocol through the jungle of programs concerned with sequence data and phylogenetic reconstruction.
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Kerimo, Rudy, and Anders Westlund. "Does smell sell? : - Vad innebär luktsinnet för vårt köpbeteende?" Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6525.
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Uppsatsen syftar till att skapa en ökad förståelse i hur dofter påverkar konsumenters köpbeteende med forskningsfrågan: på vilket sätt kan dofter påverka konsumentens köpbeteende och hur kan doftens betydelse appliceras på Kotlers teori? För att kunna besvara våra frågor har Kotlers teori konsumentens köpbeteende använts. Teorin består av fyra olika faktorer: kulturella, sociala, personliga och psykologiska. Som analysverktyg har forskningsartiklar från internationellt erkända undersökningar används som tagit upp doftens inverkan på konsumenternas köpbeteende. TV-reklam, radio och tidningar har visat sig vara väldigt dyra och kanske inte fullt så framgångsrika som man tidigare trott. Internationella studier visar att det är en stark fördel att arbeta med dofter då doftminnet är starkt och långvarigt. Genom att stimulera konsumenterna med en bekant doft kan denna leda de tillbaka till den produkt eller tjänst där de senast kom i kontakt med doften. Trots att doften verkar ha en stor inverkan på konsumenter så verkar forskningen inom detta område vara begränsad. Nyckelord: konsumenters köpbeteende, doft, lukt, markandsföring, försäljning
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MASTINU, MARIANO. "Taste and Smell Physiological Mechanisms and Their Health Implications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/335558.
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Taste and olfaction play a key role in individuals’ behaviors, their interactions with the environment and memory processes, furthermore, they represent the most important factors influencing food preferences and therefore eating behavior, diet, metabolism, and health. Physiological variations or disorders in these two sensory modalities can have significant effects on the life’s quality or constitute risk factors for the onset of metabolism disorders, worsening nutritional status, overweight and obesity, or pathogenesis of different diseases. The purpose of this work was to investigate the function of taste and olfaction and their mechanisms controlling individual variability, and therefore nutrition and health. Firstly, we evaluate the degree of the peripheral taste function activation in response to the six taste qualities by electrophysiological recordings from human tongue and characterized its variability in relation with PROP phenotype (the most known example of taste variability genetically determined) and fungiform papillae density. The results, by showing that each taste quality evoked a specific monophasic depolarization in the human tongue whose amplitude was associated with PROP phenotype and fungiform papillae density, provided important information about the cellular organization and function of the human peripheral taste system that can explain the individual variability across taste qualities. Specifically, the electrophysiological responses to oleic acid were associated with rs1761667 SNP in the CD36 gene allowing to better understand the mechanisms involved in the choice of fat-rich foods.
Secondly, we evaluated the role of salivary proteins in the development of astringency and in affecting BMI, in the context of PROP taster status and gender. Results showed that variation in the salivary protein composition (increases of the acidic proline-rich proteins, aPRPs), related to PROP taster status and gender, could influence variation in astringency perception or drive possible unbalance food habits which could lead to obesity.
Furthermore, we analyzed the perception for six taste qualities, olfactory performance, and specific taste/olfactory genes, in relation with BMI, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and studied taste and smell sensitivity in severe obese subject that underwent to a bariatric surgery. Results showed that taste and olfaction impairments, explained by the oral pathologies and microbiome variations known for IBD patients, and the high frequency of non-taster allele in CD36 polymorphism (r1761667), can justify their typical dietary behaviors, and thus they may be significant risk factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Results also showed an overall improvement in taste and olfactory performance, an increase in cognitive restraint, and a decrease in disinhibition and hunger after bariatric surgery, which were associated with PROP phenotype. These findings indicate that bariatric surgery can have a positive impact on olfactory and gustatory functions and eating behavior (with an important role of genetic), which in turn might contribute to the success of the intervention.
Finally, since deficits in olfaction and taste have also been associated to many health markers including neurodegenerative diseases and specifically are among the most frequent non-motor manifestations in Parkinson’s disease (PD), we focused on reviewed the most relevant molecular and genetic factors involved in these impairments and their associations with the microbiota, with the aim to highlight that the basis of these dysfunctions are likely multifactorial and may include the same determinants responsible for other non-motor.
In conclusion, these results show that the function of taste and olfaction and their genetic and molecular mechanisms are involved in the individual physiological variability which, in turn, control different biological process.
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Legha, Prem, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Molecular structure and odor mixture perception." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Legha_P.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/549.
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The sense of smell is a primal sense for humans as well as animals.In everyday life the smells encountered are composed of dozens, even hundreds of odors; few arise from a single odorant. Enormous numbers of odors occur due to the vast variation in the concentration, size and structure of odorant molecules that makes olfaction differ from simpler visual or auditory dimensions. Accordingly, little is known about the ways in which changes in molecular structure and concentration of individual odorants change odor quality. Also, currently not much is understood about synergism/antagonism, how one odorant masks or suppresses another in mixtures and there is no method for predicting which odor will be suppressed. The two main objectives of this thesis were to determine whether a part of a molecular structure rather than the whole structure plays a key role in odor quality and whether a key part of a molecule can be used to choose antagonists for that odorant. For this study three classes of musks and two potential antagonists were used. The results of the study are discussed in some detail. It is concluded that future studies of the importance of molecular structure in mixture interactions require substantially more information on the relation between structure and odor quality to allow systematic studies to be developed. In summary the two hypotheses investigated were not supported by the results. Importantly, however, they do support the view that it is likely that odor quality is dependent on the whole structure of an odorant not a single feature.Master of Science (Hons)
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Morgan, Charlie David. "Olfactory event-related potentials in Alzheimer's disease /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9974114.
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AGBACHI, OLOUYEMI ILAHKO ANNE BENEDICTE. "IDENTIFYING DESIGN PROBLEMS WITH A VISUALIZATION APPROACH OF SMELL AGGLOMERATIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35626@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Problemas de design decorrem de violações de princípios de design em um sistema de software. Tais problemas podem prejudicar a manutenção de sistemas e, logo, devem ser identificados e eliminados sempre que possível. Porém, identificar problemas de design não é trivial. Isso pois a documentação de design desses sistemas é em geral obsoleta ou inexistente. Assim, o desenvolvedor de um sistema tende a analisar o código-fonte em busca de problemas de design. Estudos sugerem anomalias de código-fonte como indicadores úteis desses problemas. Porém, outros estudos recentes mostram que uma única anomalia não é indicador suficiente. De fato, em torno de 80 por cento dos problemas de design estão associadas com múltiplas anomalias. Estas inter-relacionam-se na forma de aglomerações de anomalias. Embora as aglomerações de anomalias possam ajudar o desenvolvedor a identificar problemas de design, certas aglomerações contêm muitas anomalias. Isso então dificulta o raciocínio sobre a existência de um problema de design. Além disso, mesmo as propostas mais recentes de abordagens para a visualização de aglomerações de anomalias provêm suporte bastante limitado à identificação de problemas de design. Essa limitação é evidente quando um problema de design afeta múltiplos elementos na implementação de um sistema. Esta dissertação objetiva tratar essa limitação ao propor uma abordagem inovadora para a visualização de aglomerações de anomalias. Tal abordagem baseia-se em evidências coletadas a partir de vários experimentos propostos e conduzidos por nós. Contamos com a participação de desenvolvedores da academia e da indústria em cada experimento. Nossos resultados de estudo sugerem que vários desenvolvedores podem utilizar nossa abordagem de visualização para identificar de forma precisa problemas de design, especialmente aqueles que afetam múltiplos elementos de programa. Nossos resultados também apontam melhorias necessárias à abordagem com base na percepção dos desenvolvedores.
Design problems are characterized by violations of design principles affecting a software system. Because they often hinder the software maintenance, developers should identify and eliminate design problems whenever possible. Nevertheless, identifying design problems is far from trivial. Due to outdated and scarce design documentation, developers not rarely have to analyze the source code for identifying these problems. Past studies suggest that code smells are useful hints of design problems. However, recent studies show that a single code smell might not suffice to reveal a design problem. That is, around 80 percent of design problems are realized by multiple code smells, which interrelate in the so-called smell agglomerations. Thus, developers can explore each smell agglomeration to identify a design problem in the source code. However, certain smell agglomerations are formed by several code smells, which makes it hard reasoning about the existence of a design problem. Visualization approaches have been proposed to represent smell agglomerations and guide developers in identifying design problems. However, those approaches provide a very limited support to the identification of specific design problems, especially the ones affecting multiple design elements. This dissertation aims to address this limitation by proposing a novel approach for the visualization of smell agglomerations. We rely on evidence collected from multiple empirical studies to design our approach. We evaluate our approach with developers from both academy and industry. Our results suggest that various developers could use our visualization approach to accurately identify design problems, in particular those affecting multiple program elements. Our results also point out to different ways for improving our visualization approach based on the developers perceptions.
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Neill, Crispian Robert Thomas. "The smell of modernism : metaphor and the olfactory, 1900-1945." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15992/.
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This thesis examines the representation of odour throughout European literary modernism and other, interrelated fields of cultural production. While the introduction acknowledges Western culture’s traditional subordination of olfaction and smell’s ostensible alienation from language, this study argues that odour and language simultaneously display compelling similarities. Chapter One examines Freud’s influence in determining the modern conception of olfaction, as a figure of comparison with D. H. Lawrence and Bronislaw Malinowski. Freud’s placement of odour as culturally and evolutionarily retrograde is questioned in Chapter Two, which notes the projected technological mastery of olfaction as a trope of utopian fiction, demonstrated in the writing of Aldous Huxley and John Gloag. Chapter Three shifts away from the identification of malodour as a source of modern anxiety to consider the dual commercial and aesthetic significance of perfume. However, these divergent encodings of odour are unified by literary modernism’s persistent recruitment of olfaction as a metaphorical resource; the language of odour denotes a perceived inarticulable quiddity at the heart of the aesthetic object, a feature offered theoretical context by the writing of Walter Benjamin. Chapters Four and Five develop the congruence between the formal properties of odour and language by addressing ‘canonical’ modernist literary encodings of olfaction. Proust’s elision of the role of the sensorily-informed writer with that of the translator supports the consonance of language and odour, a contention further extended in Chapter Five, which considers the olfactory representations of Joyce, and his recognition of the ambiguous semiology of odour as a marker of personal identity. Finally, a conclusion emphasises this study’s extension of the field of modernist olfactory representation beyond Joyce and Proust. The shared semiological instability exhibited by odours and language supports the broader recuperation of olfaction as a particularly apposite modernist sense modality.
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Santos, José Amâncio Macedo. "Empirically investigating the human role on the code smell effect." Instituto de Matemática, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/22844.
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Context: Code smell is a term commonly used to describe potential problems in the design of object-oriented systems. The theory about code smells, initially presented in nineties, is focused on characterization of different types of smells and heuristics for their detection and removal. Since then, empirical studies have evaluated the impact of the practical adoption of the code smell concept on software development. We call this issue the code smell effect. The findings of empirical studies on the code smell effect have presented inconsistencies with respect to what is expected by the theory. This phenomenon is not well understood. Objective: Enhancing the understanding of the code smell effect, characterizing problems hindering the practical adoption of the smell concept and investigating their origin. More specifically, we focus on the major confounding factor affecting observations on the code smell effect, which is the human role on smell detection. The human role is mostly disregarded by the theory and it strongly affects the experiments on the subject. Method: We explore the problem empirically, from two perspectives. First, we synthesize the current knowledge on the code smell effect from a set of primary studies published in the literature. To do this, we performed a systematic review based on thematic synthesis. Second, we propose the investigation of factors affecting the human evaluation of smells. To do this, we performed a family of controlled experiments. In it, we investigate an extensive number of factors affecting the human perception of smells. The factors are the use of design comprehension tool support; developer's experience, knowledge and training; and software size. From the thematic synthesis and the family of controlled experiments, we identify challenges for the area and present them as a research agenda. Results: We find out that human evaluation of smell should not be trusted. The studies indicate that the agreement on smell detection is low. They also show that demographic attributes, such as developers' experience, impact the agreement on smell detection. We also concluded that, nowadays, there are not evidences supporting the use of code smells for practical evaluation of design quality. Our evidences are divergent findings correlating code smells and software attributes, such as changes on source code. In some cases, the studies converge showing that code smells do not impact some attributes. This happens, for example, with studies correlating smells and effort on maintenance. Conclusion: This thesis points out to the gap between the theory and the experimental findings about the code smell effect. Our evidences indicate that the main source for this gap is the low number of studies focusing on the human role on the smell effect. The researches on the subject should focus on better understanding this issue. This not seems the path followed by the area, which has directed its effort on researches focused on tool assessments, such as automatic detection or smell removal. In order to face the problem, we propose a research agenda, indicating that the area needs to: i) investigate the nature of smells, grouping them according to their characteristics; ii) explore human factors affecting smell detection, and their relationships; iii) explore cognitive aspects affecting human perception of smells; and iv) outline attributes of the experiments in order to classify the context where findings can be grouped. These challenges indicate some paths to be followed by the area in order to systematize the use of code smell in the practice of the software development. Despite difficulties, we believe that this is possible and our thesis contributes for this journey.
Contexto: Code smell ´e um termo comumente utilizado para descrever potenciais problemas em projetos de software orientados a objetos. A teoria relacionada a code smells, inicialmente apresentada nos anos noventa, tem foco na caracteriza¸c˜ao de diferentes tipos de smells e nas estrat´egias para sua detec¸c˜ao e remo¸c˜ao. Desde ent˜ao, estudos emp´ıricos tˆem avaliado o impacto da ado¸c˜ao do conceito de code smell no desenvolvimento de software, ou seja, o “efeito code smell”. Os resultados destes estudos tˆem apresentado inconsistˆencias com rela¸c˜ao aos efeitos propostos pela teoria. As causas deste fenˆomeno n˜ao s˜ao bem compreendidas. Objetivo: Melhorar a compreens˜ao sobre o efeito code smell, identificando problemas que tˆem dificultado uso do conceito no desenvolvimento de software. Mais especificamente, nos concentramos no papel humano na detec¸c˜ao de smells. O fator humano ´e uma vari´avel pouco considerada pela teoria, mas afeta significativamente os resultados dos estudos emp´ıricos sobre o tema. M´etodo: N´os exploramos o problema de forma emp´ırica, a partir de duas perspectivas. Primeiro, n´os sintetizamos o conhecimento relacionado ao efeito code smell a partir de um conjunto de estudos prim´arios existente na literatura. Para isso, n´os realizamos uma revis˜ao sistem´atica, com base no m´etodo de s´ıntese tem´atica. Segundo, n´os propusemos a investiga¸c˜ao de fatores que afetam a percep¸c˜ao humana sobre smells. Neste caso, n´os realizamos uma fam´ılia de experimentos controlados, investigando um extensivo n´umero de fatores que afetam a percep¸c˜ao humana sobre smells. Os fatores s˜ao: o uso de ferramentas de suporte `a compreens˜ao do projeto de software; a experiˆencia; o conhecimento te´orico sobre code smells e o treinamento dos desenvolvedores; e o tamanho do software. A partir da s´ıntese tem´atica e da fam´ılia de experimentos, n´os identificamos alguns desafios para a ´area, apresentandoos como uma agenda de pesquisa. Resultados: N´os percebemos que a avalia¸c˜ao humana de smells n˜ao ´e confi´avel. Os estudos indicam que o grau de concordˆancia relacionado `a avalia¸c˜ao humana ´e baixo. Al´em disso, os estudos mostram que atributos demogr´aficos, como experiˆencia do desenvolvedor, afetam o grau de concordˆancia na detec¸c˜ao de smells. Tamb´em conclu´ımos que n˜ao h´a evidˆencias que indiquem o uso do conceito de code smells como ferramenta para a avalia¸c˜ao da qualidade dos projetos de software. Estas evidˆencias s˜ao as inconsistˆencias nos resultados correlacionando os smells e atributos de software, como mudan¸cas no c´odigo. Em alguns casos, os estudos concordam que os smells n˜ao tem correla¸c˜ao com certos atributos. Isso ocorre, por exemplo, com estudos correlacionando smells e esfor¸co na manuten¸c˜ao de software. Conclus˜ao: Esta tese evidencia uma lacuna existente entre a teoria e os estudos emp´ıricos relacionados ao efeito code smell. Nossas evidˆencias apontam o baixo n´umero de estudos abordando o papel humano na detec¸c˜ao de smells como principal causa desta lacuna. Pesquisas na ´area devem se concentrar em entender este aspecto. Este n˜ao parece ser o caminho seguido pela ´area, que tem se concentrado principalmente no desenvolvimento de ferramentas de suporte, como ferramentas para detec¸c˜ao autom´atica e remo¸c˜ao de smells. Para auxiliar neste sentido, n´os propomos uma agenda de pesquisa indicando pontos importantes a serem considerados: i) investiga¸c˜ao da natureza dos smells, agrupando-os de acordo com suas caracter´ısticas; ii) explora¸c˜ao de fatores humanos afetando a detec¸c˜ao de smells e seus inter-relacionamentos; iii) explora¸c˜ao de aspectos cognitivos afetando a percep¸c˜ao humana de smells; e iv) identifica¸c˜ao de atributos relacionados aos estudos emp´ıricos de forma a delinear o contexto onde resultados podem ser agrupados. Estes desafios indicam alguns caminhos que a ´area pode seguir para sistematizar o uso do conceito de code smell no desenvolvimento de software. Apesar das dificuldades, n´os acreditamos que isso ´e poss´ıvel e nossa tese visa a contribuir neste sentido.
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Mattos, Alessandra Cerqueira. "Scent as a Medium for Design: An Experimental Design Inquiry." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1315194138.
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Kluch, Yannick. "The Man Your Man Should Be Like: Masculinity and the Male Body in Old Spice's Smell Like a Man, Man and Smell is Power Campaigns." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1395662263.
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Price, Matthew L. "A tale of sight and smell signifying death : Benjy Compson revisited /." Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/pricem/matthewprice.pdf.
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Barwich, Ann-Sophie. "Making sense of smell : classifications and model thinking in olfaction theory." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13869.
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This thesis addresses key issues of scientific realism in the philosophy of biology and chemistry through investigation of an underexplored research domain: olfaction theory, or the science of smell. It also provides the first systematic overview of the development of olfactory practices and research into the molecular basis of odours across the 19th and 20th century. Historical and contemporary explanations and modelling techniques for understanding the material basis of odours are analysed with a specific focus on the entrenchment of technological process, research tradition and the definitions of materiality for understanding scientific advancement. The thesis seeks to make sense of the explanatory and problem solving strategies, different ways of reasoning and the construction of facts by drawing attention to the role and application of scientific representations in olfactory practices. Scientific representations such as models, classifications, maps, diagrams, lists etc. serve a variety of purposes that range from the stipulation of relevant properties and correlations of the research materials and the systematic formation of research questions, to the design of experiments that explore or test particular hypotheses. By examining a variety of modelling strategies in olfactory research, I elaborate on how I understand the relation between representations and the world and why this relation requires a pluralist perspective on scientific models, methods and practices. Through this work I will show how a plurality of representations does not pose a problem for realism about scientific entities and their theoretical contexts but, on the contrary, that this plurality serves as the most reliable grounding for a realistic interpretation of scientific representations of the world and the entities it contains. The thesis concludes that scientific judgement has to be understood through its disciplinary trajectory, and that scientific pluralism is a direct consequence of the historicity of scientific development.
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MAGGIONI, EMANUELA. "The Smell of Emotions: Olfactory Influences on Emotions and Consumer Behaviour." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/70695.
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Molti studi nel campo del comportamento di consumo hanno sottolineato il ruolo fondamentale che le emozioni esercitano sul comportamento. La maggioranza dei nostri comportamenti è guidata da risposte emozionali all’ambiente. Allo scopo di comprendere il comportamento di consumo è cruciale indagare cosa siano le emozioni, come possano essere misurate ed elicitate, e come queste possano direttamente influenzare il comportamento. Le emozioni possono essere elicitate da diversi stimoli sensoriali. Precedenti studi di psicologia e neurofisiologia hanno usato esclusivamente stimoli affettivi visivi per elicitare le emozioni, mentre altre modalità sensoriali hanno ricevuto meno attenzione.
La presente tesi si focalizza sugli stimoli olfattivi come trigger inconsci di emozioni. L’olfatto è stato studiato per le sue connessioni e la sua influenza sulle emozioni umane e sui processi cognitivi, ma le corrispondenze cross-modali e le interazioni tra l’odore e gli altri sensi sono state scarsamente indagate. Questa tesi affronta specificamente le problematiche teoretiche di come possano essere definite e misurate le emozioni, in particolare di come le emozioni possano essere elicitate da stimoli olfattivi e come questi influenzino la propensione all’acquisto dei consumatori. In relazione agli ambiente dei punti vendita reali, un’altra questione affrontata è come stimoli affettivi (in-)congruenti provenienti da diverse modalità sensoriali influenzino la risposta emozionale e come la percezione degli odori possa essere influenzata dalle corrispondenze cross-modali con gli altri sensi. In tre studi, per comprendere queste problematiche, sono stati utilizzati strumenti per la valutazione delle emozioni implicite e self-report, questionari comportamentali self-report, test di associazioni implicite e misurazioni fisiologiche.
Il primo studio ha indagato come gli odori congruenti con i prodotti stimolino l’intenzione d’acquisto. I risultati mostrano come gli odori congruenti con i prodotti aumentino l’intenzione d’acquisto tramite l’effetto che hanno sulle emozioni positive e facilitino l’accesso alle informazioni del prodotto. Il secondo studio ha verificato l’effetto combinato di stimoli attivanti olfattivi e uditivi sulla percezione di immagini affettive. I risultati mostrano che stimoli congruenti in termini di attivazione influenzano differentemente le misure self-report e fisiologiche. L’effetto della co-occorrenza di stimolazione attivante tra le modalità olfattiva e uditiva migliora marcatamente l’esperienza emozionale evocata da immagine affettive. Nel terzo studio è stata indagata l’interazione cross-modale tra odore e differenti modalità sensoriali tramite test di associazione. I risultati hanno suggerito che gli odori possono essere classificati e indentificati usando come attributi distintivi principali gli stimoli provenienti da altre modalità sensoriali, associazioni cross-modali ed emozioni.
Considerati insieme, questi risultati suggeriscono che gli stimoli olfattivi influenzino inconsciamente il comportamento di consumo non solo attraverso gli effetti diretti che l’odore ha sulle emozioni ma anche attraverso il priming. L’odore ambientale può guidare il consumatore ad acquisti non pianificati, in quanto opera da sollecitatore inconscio di bisogni di consumo. Questi risultati sono in linea con la letteratura precedente dimostrando che gli stimoli olfattivi influenzano direttamente le emozioni. Queste scoperte portano a nuova conoscenza su come la congruenza, in termini di attivazione affettiva tra diverse modalità sensoriali, moduli le risposte emozionali. I presenti risultati contribuiscono a una conoscenza migliore delle interazioni cross-modali nella percezione dell’odore. L’odore può essere classificato usando attributi distintivi di altre modalità sensoriali. Vengono discusse le implicazioni teoriche e pratiche.
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Carling, Lisa Jayne. "Olfactory enrichment of a group of captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at Alma Park Zoo, Brisbane, Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19273.pdf.
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Harris, Regina Gray Williamson David A. "Social emanations toward a sociology of human olfaction /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5170.
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Pouliot, Sandra. "Recognition memory for emotionally arousing odors : a neuropsychological investigation." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107473.
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Note:The aim of this dissertation was 10 investigate if and how emotional arousalinfluences odor memory. I conducted three studies , one of which invo lved pat ients withresect ion from the medial tcmporal lobc including the amygd ala (MTLR). In the first experiment of Study 1, participants showed better memory for odo rs rated as being more emotionally arousing than tor odors rated as less arousing.
Cette dissertation avail pour objectif d'etudier si, de quelle maniere. L'eveil emotionnel influence la memoire olfactive. J'ai effectue trois etudes, dont une impliquant des patients ayant subi une resection du lobe temporal median inc1uant l'amygdalc (MTLR). Dans la premiere experience de l'etude 1, la reconnaissance des odeurs plus emotionnellement eveillantes a ete superieure a celle des odeurs moins eveillantes.
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Robinson, Ian H. "Olfactory communication and social behaviour in the mink (Mustela vison)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=129199.
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This thesis is about olfactory communication in mink (Mustela vison) and how it may relate to their social behaviour. The sources of mammalian social odours and studies of scent marking by carnivores were discussed. The possible functions of scent marking in territories were also discussed, with particular reference to Gosling's scent matching hypothesis. The distribution of faeces (scats) in a coastal population of mink was ddtermined on a monthly basis. Most scats were found in the months December to April, which includes the mating season. Although scats tended to occur singly, they had a clumped distribution because single scats tended to be deposited around certain features in the enviornment. Scats were found around the same features over a number of months. The areas where scats were deposited also tended to have a clumped distribution when data from all months were considered. A trained male mink was able to discriminate between the faeces of mink irrespective of their sex or degree of association with the experimental animal. Over a 48 hour period, male mink over-marked faecal samples from other mink with their own faeces. Females normally only over-marked faeces from females kept in neighbouring cages. During lactation and in August and September the females over-marked faeces from unknown males and females. When testing the immediate response of mink to faeces, both male and female mink spent more time sniffing at faeces from other mink than at their own faeces. Males also spent more time sniffing at faeces from females during the reproductive period than they did outside the reproductive period. During their immediate response to faeces, the males tended to produce trails of urine on top of or beside samples of faeces from unknown males and females. While in reproductive condition, mink spent more time sniffing and produced more urine trails in response to samples of urine collected from females that were likely to be in oestrus than at samples collected from females unlikely to be in oestrus. Outside the reproductive period both males and females produced urine trails in response to urine from unknown males and females. Male mink produced more scent marks in response to samples of old (24 hours) anal sac secretion than to fresh anal sac secretion. Female mink produced few scent marks in response to either sample. Anal sac secretion when sprayed from a model mink, caused both mink and potential predators of mink, to back away from the model. The presence of the major constituent of the anal sac secretion, 2,2-dimethylthietane was shown to reduce the 'trapability' of mink and small rodents, and to cause feeding suppression in rabbits over a 24 hour period. Experiments designed to test predictions of Goslings hypothesis could not support or refute the hypothesis.
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Castle, Paul C. "A psychological and electrophysiological investigation into the contribution of olfactory stimuli on human evaluations." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340099.
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Davies, Ceri Wyn. "A theoretical and experimental investigation into objective olfactometry." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387407.
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Fulmer, Tracy. "BLIND AESTHETICS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1002992074.
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Munro, Matthew James. "Automatic detection of 'bad smell' design problems in object-oriented Java systems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435133.
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Weiser, Hannah. "The Color of Smell: A cross-modal interactive installation for individual expression." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23931.
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In this thesis the usage of smell as a medium enhancing synesthetic perception is discussed. Common cross-sensory connections and their relevance for interaction design are examined. The research is based on discoveries made in psychology, cognitive science and philosophy. Smell usage in a cross-modal context is believed to enhance engagement and enrichen the interactive experience. In several experiments a correlation between the perception of color shape and smell could be detected. An approach to include synesthetic mappings in interaction design is introduced, analyzed and discussed. Finally, the cross-modal interactive art installation “The Color of Smell” is presented.
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Young, Heather Lyn. "PERFUMING POSTERITY: SMELL AS IDENTIFIER AND PRESERVER OF EARLY MODERN SPANISH CULTURE." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/170841.
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SpanishPh.D.
This doctoral dissertation examines the presence and function of the sense of smell in Early Modern Spanish literature. It studies the use of the olfactory in key works of the period and analyzes how each one reflects a certain contemporary aspect of Spanish culture and society. Though its role in literature has not been considered as widely as that of the other senses, smell's indubitable presence in the works and its unique qualities allow for a singular approach to the texts in question as they serve to preserve the beliefs, themes and trends of Renaissance and Golden Age Spain. This work analyzes four texts, one from the late Middle Ages and three from the Early Modern period: Fermoso cuento de una santa enperatrís que ovo en Roma & de su castidat (14th century); La Celestina, Fernando de Rojas (1499); Don Quijote, Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra (1605 and 1615); "La inocencia castigada," María de Zayas (in Desengaños amorosos - 1647). These selected works permit an analysis of the function of smell within a variety of themes and across the span of the period. Serving to orient us in our search for literary scent, Chapter 1 presents considerations for the study of the olfactory in literature - how the senses have been perceived over time, how smell differs from the other senses and how smells are represented verbally. Chapter 2 deals with Fermoso cuento de una santa enperatrís que ovo en Roma & de su castidat and the way that the medieval saint-sinner dichotomy is reflected in pleasant and foul smells, respectively. Chapter 3 reviews the historical, cultural and social changes that took place in Iberia from the end of the Middle Ages into the Early Modern period to better understand changing perceptions and how they appear in literature during this time. Chapter 4 studies La Celestina and the title character's sensorial (olfactory) manipulation of others in the work. Chapter 5 looks at the role of smell, contrasted with the other senses, in Don Quijote's creation of Dulcinea. Chapter 6 analyzes the martyrdom of women in marriage as presented through smell in "La inocencia castigada." The epilogue briefly considers the role of smell in Lazarillo de Tormes and its implications for further study of the olfactory in literature.
Temple University--Theses
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RISSO, PAOLA. "‘A perfumed brain’. Crossmodal Correspondences in Taste and Smell Perception and Memory." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/142161.
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Human experiences of objects and events are formed through the perception and integration of information coming from different sensory modalities. Importantly, research has shown that even information not directly related to the object itself, such as that produced by the contest where the stimulus is presented, can contribute to modulate its mental representation. This might be the case, for example, of the interaction between the evaluation of a given food and the characteristics of the plate where it is served. Despite of these observations, the presence of multisensory interactions in taste and smell perception and memory have been much less investigated by neuroscientific research as compared to interactions between other sensorial aspects of the environment. Nevertheless, this knowledge is important in order to define a more comprehensive and accurate model of human multisensory integration. Here we concentrate on this issue by investigating a number of different topics. In particular, in chapter II we investigated if the colour, weight, texture or shape of a container label can differently modulate the evaluation of some characteristics of the liquid served in it. In chapter III we investigated crossmodal integration in the processing of odours under both ecological and computer controlled experimental conditions. In chapter IV we investigated olfactory memory by using a novel experimental paradigm. In this study we also compared the performance of Alzheimer patients, neurologically normal elderly and young individuals. The results of the studies reported here clearly suggests that similar, although slightly different mechanisms affect multisensory interactions and memory for odours, food and beverage perception as compared to other sensorial aspects of the environment.
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Legha, Prem. "Molecular structure and odor mixture perception." Thesis, View thesis, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/549.
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The sense of smell is a primal sense for humans as well as animals.In everyday life the smells encountered are composed of dozens, even hundreds of odors; few arise from a single odorant. Enormous numbers of odors occur due to the vast variation in the concentration, size and structure of odorant molecules that makes olfaction differ from simpler visual or auditory dimensions. Accordingly, little is known about the ways in which changes in molecular structure and concentration of individual odorants change odor quality. Also, currently not much is understood about synergism/antagonism, how one odorant masks or suppresses another in mixtures and there is no method for predicting which odor will be suppressed. The two main objectives of this thesis were to determine whether a part of a molecular structure rather than the whole structure plays a key role in odor quality and whether a key part of a molecule can be used to choose antagonists for that odorant. For this study three classes of musks and two potential antagonists were used. The results of the study are discussed in some detail. It is concluded that future studies of the importance of molecular structure in mixture interactions require substantially more information on the relation between structure and odor quality to allow systematic studies to be developed. In summary the two hypotheses investigated were not supported by the results. Importantly, however, they do support the view that it is likely that odor quality is dependent on the whole structure of an odorant not a single feature.
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Jinks, Anthony L., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Science and Technology, and School of Food Science. "The Perception of complex odour mixtures by humans." THESIS_FST_SFS_Jinks_A.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/313.
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In two parts, this thesis examined the perception of odour mixtures by humans. Several experiments were carried out and results shown. Part 1 established that peripheral interaction in the form of competition for transduction pathway resources is not of primary importance in determining the perceptual characteristics of odour mixtures. Other peripheral mechanisms, central factors and limitations in human cognitive processing would also appear to play an important role.Taking into account the temporal processing results found in Part 1, Part 2 sought to establish the capacity of humans to analyse odour mixtures in greater than two components in terms of the perceived order of components, and the identity of those components. Overall, the research demonstrated that two properties of simple binary odour mixtures, namely the temporal order and perceived strengths of components, are not primarily characterised by the transduction pathway those components putatively operate in human ORNs.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Banger, Kulwinder Kaur. "Glutathione S-transferases of the rat nasal cavity." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261475.
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Martinez, Josue A. "Lavanda: Connecting Film with the Five Senses." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/43.
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In this paper, I will cover the process of connecting my honors thesis film, Lavanda, with the five senses. I will mainly focus on how the sense of smell can be represented in film along with visual and aural elements. Also, I will present the challenges that arouse while trying to represent taste and touch. Ultimately, I will evaluate the representation of each sense in Lavanda and how a film has the potential to encourage the use of other senses besides seeing and hearing while watching a film.
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Resulaj, Arbora. "Making and un-making your mind : perceptual decisions of mice and men." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265552.
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The moments that follow a perceptual decision can be as critical as the ones leading up to it. This thesis examines rapid olfactory decisions in mice and rapid changes of mind following an initial decision in humans. To study olfactory decisions, we trained mice to discriminate different odor concentrations in a novel head-fixed paradigm. Odor concentration is an important cue for localizing odor sources, from searching for food and mates to avoiding predators. However, little is known about how olfactory systems encode odor concentration. We found that mice could discriminate the different odor concentrations in as little as 80 ms after odorant inhalation. This is an unprecedented speed for olfaction and is fast even by the standards of other sensory modalities. We attribute this new insight into olfactory perception to our choice of motor output, accurate sniff measurement, and precise stimulus control. This result suggests that odor-based decisions can be very rapid and based on information over a very brief temporal window. To study changes of mind following an initial decision, humans made decisions about a noisy visual stimulus, which they indicated by moving a handle. Although they received no additional information after initiating their movement, their hand trajectories betrayed a change of mind on some trials. We modeled these changes of mind by extending the diffusion-to-bound model, originally developed to account for both the timing and accuracy of the initial decision. We propose that noisy evidence is accumulated over time until it reaches a criterion, or bound which determines the initial decision, and that the brain exploits information that is in the processing pipeline when the initial decision is made to subsequently either reverse or reaffirm the initial decision. Sensory and motor processing latencies ensure that not all of the information available from stimulus onset to movement initiation contributes to the initial decision. This model explains both the frequency of changes of mind, as well as their dependence on both task difficulty and whether the initial decision was accurate or erroneous.