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Journal articles on the topic 'Smectic bubbles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Stannarius, R., C. Cramer, and H. Schüring. "Self-Supporting Smectic Bubbles." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 329, no. 1 (August 1999): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259908025965.

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2

May, Kathrin, Kirsten Harth, Torsten Trittel, and Ralf Stannarius. "Dynamics of freely floating smectic bubbles." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 100, no. 1 (October 1, 2012): 16003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/100/16003.

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3

Caillier, F., and P. Oswald. "Collapse dynamics of smectic-A bubbles." European Physical Journal E 20, no. 2 (June 2006): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2006-10010-8.

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4

Müller, Frank, and Ralf Stannarius. "Comparison of the rupture dynamics of smectic bubbles and soap bubbles." Liquid Crystals 36, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290802699300.

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5

Dähmlow, Patricia, Torsten Trittel, Kathrin May, Kirsten Harth, and Ralf Stannarius. "Surface reduction of freely floating smectic bubbles." Liquid Crystals 45, no. 7 (November 28, 2017): 993–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2017.1408862.

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6

Stannarius, R., and C. Cramer. "Self-supporting bubbles of thermotropic smectic liquid crystals." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 42, no. 1 (April 1, 1998): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1998-00543-x.

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7

Ishii, Yoko, Shin-Ya Sugisawa, and Yuka Tabe. "Anomalous Deformation of Smectic Bubbles under DC Electric Field." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 549, no. 1 (October 7, 2011): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2011.581151.

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8

STANNARIUS, RALF, and CHRISTIANE CRAMER. "Surface tension measurements in freely suspended bubbles of thermotropic smectic liquid crystals." Liquid Crystals 23, no. 3 (September 1997): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026782997208307.

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9

Fu, Changshuo, Meghann L. Dunn, Rachel N. Nere, Roy Varon Weinryb, and Mohamed Amine Gharbi. "Geometric Confinement of 3D Smectic Liquid Crystal Foams." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (March 8, 2023): 3414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063414.

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Due to their long history and extensive applications within modern society, foams have always been a popular topic of study. These systems are present everywhere in our life. They are also valuable in many industrial applications. For this reason, it is essential to continue investigating their properties and develop new materials to fabricate them. In this paper, we demonstrate a new way to create 3D foams by using an ordered viscoelastic material, the smectic liquid crystal (LC). Because of their lamellar structure, which is similar to soap, and their tunable properties that can be controlled via geometric confinement and external fields, smectic LCs are suitable for the fabrication of bubbles and foams. In this work, we present a compelling study of the parameters that influence the fabrication of LC foams in 3D. Particularly, we analyze the effects of the airflow rate and the geometry of confining boundaries on the assembly of their cells. We also compare our results to foams made with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and discuss the difference between their behaviors. Finally, we discuss how LC elasticity can substantially affect the stability and organization of foams. This work paves the way to exploiting new materials to fabricate foams with better monodispersity, uniformity, and controlled ordering that are useful in a wide range of industrial applications for which the tuning of properties is required. This includes the fields of oil recovery, decontamination, architecture, and design.

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10

Pattanaporkratana, A., C. S. Park, J. E. Maclennan, and N. A. Clark. "Manipulation of Disk-Shaped Islands on Freely Suspended Smectic Films and Bubbles Using Optical Tweezers." Ferroelectrics 310, no. 1 (January 2004): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190490510537.

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11

Le Blay, Marine, Mokhtar Adda-Bedia, and Denis Bartolo. "Emergence of scale-free smectic rivers and critical depinning in emulsions driven through disorder." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 25 (June 8, 2020): 13914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000681117.

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During the past 60 min, oil companies have extracted 6 trillion liters of oil from the ground, thereby giving a striking illustration of the impact of multiphase flows on the world economy. From a fundamental perspective, we largely understand the dynamics of interfaces separating immiscible fluids driven through heterogeneous environments. In stark contrast, the basic mechanisms ruling the transport of fragmented fluids, such as foams and emulsions, remain elusive with studies mostly limited to isolated droplets and bubbles. Here, we demonstrate that the mobilization of emulsion driven through model disordered media is a critical plastic depinning transition. To elucidate this collective dynamics, we track the trajectories of hundreds of thousands of microfluidic droplets advected through random lattices of pinning sites. Their dynamics reveals that macroscopic mobilization only requires the coordinated motion of small groups of particles and does not involve any large-scale avalanches. Criticality arises from the interplay between contact and hydrodynamic interaction, which channel seemingly erratic depinning events along smectic river networks correlated over system spanning scales. Beyond the specifics of emulsion transport, we close our article discussing the similarities and profound differences with the plastic depinning transitions of driven flux lines in high-Tcsuperconductors, charged colloids, and grain transport in eroded sand beds.

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12

Harth, Kirsten, Larissa M. Shepherd, James Honaker, and Ralf Stannarius. "Dynamic interface tension of a smectic liquid crystal in anionic surfactant solutions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 39 (2015): 26198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp04193g.

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The interface tension of a smectic liquid crystal to ionic surfactant solutions is investigated at concentrations above and below the critical micelle concentration using the buoyancy of a trapped air bubble.

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13

Oswald, P. "Dynamics of collapse of a smectic bubble." Journal de Physique 48, no. 6 (1987): 897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphys:01987004806089700.

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14

Chipera, Steve J., J. William Carey, and David L. Bish. "Controlled-Humidity XRD Analyses: Application to the Study of Smectite Expansion/Contraction." Advances in X-ray Analysis 39 (1995): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800023168.

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Smectites are clay minerals that expand and contract dramatically in response to changes in water vapor pressure. The expansion/contraction behavior of smectite has considerable importance in engineering applications (such as the stability of building foundations and the integrity of clay barriers) and affects hydrologic properties. To understand this behavior we have analyzed several purified, homoionic smectite standards over a wide range of relative humidities using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and a new computer-automated humidity-control system.Humidity was controlled by mixing dry N2 with H2O-saturated (“wet”) N2 produced with a gas-washing bubbler held in a constant-temperature bath set at 35°C. Mixing of wet and dry N2 was controlled with automated MKS mass-flow controllers.

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15

Ogunsona, Emmanuel O., Koffi L. Dagnon, and Nandika Anne D'Souza. "Multi-Fold Enhancement in Compressive Properties of Polystyrene Foam Using Pre-delaminated Stearate Functionalized Layer Double Hydroxides." Polymers 12, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010008.

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Developing an environmentally benign styrene foam is a critical environmental need. Supercritical CO2 use in foams has proven to be a valuable path. Adding fillers to increase bubble nucleation has been pursued concurrently. A prominent filler used is high surface area fillers, such as smectic clays. However, all studies to date show a limit of 152% in compressive moduli and 260% in the compressive stress. The values, even with such gains, limit structural application. A seminal work in 1987 by Suh and Cotton proved that carbonyl linkages in calcium carbonates and CO2 interact and impact nucleation efficiency and performance in supercritical CO2 foams. In this paper, a high surface area clay (layer double hydroxides) which begins in an exfoliated state, then functionalized with a long chain alkyl carboxylate (stearic acid) is synthesized. The result is a remarkable multi-fold improvement to the compressive properties in comparison to polystyrene (PS); a 268% and 512% increase in compressive modulus and strength, respectively. Using a pre-delaminated approach, the higher surface area was achieved in the clays. The presence of the stearate improved the interactions between the clay galleries and PS through hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions. The glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites was observed to shift to higher values after foaming. The results point to a new path to increase performance using a pre-delaminated clay with functional groups for environmentally benign foams.

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16

Zhang, Manting, Mingyi Hu, Sile Wei, Quansheng Cai, Wei Fu, Fang Shi, Lei Zhang, and Haiyan Ding. "Factors Controlling the Pore Development of Low-Mature Marine–Continental Transitional Shale: A Case Study of the Upper Permian Longtan Shale, Western Guizhou, South China." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2023): 1862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11101862.

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The Upper Permian Longtan Shale is a significant reservoir in western Guizhou. To clarify the main factors controlling the low-mature marine–continental transitional shale pore development in western Guizhou, pore types were classified with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the pore developmental stages and morphological structures were quantitatively characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm analyses. Additionally, the qualitative or semi-quantitative relationships between the pore developmental stages and the main controlling factors were established via geochemical analysis. The results showed that the Longtan Shale pores include intergranular pores, intragranular pores, organic pores, and microfractures. The intergranular pore structures were categorized into ink-bottle, slit, layered, and irregular types. The intragranular pores were found to be of the elliptical, nearly circular, ink-bottle, and irregular varieties. The organic pores were categorized into elliptical, bubble-like, and irregular polygonal variants. The microfractures were only of the elongated type. The clay-mineral-related intergranular pores were the predominant pore type. The organic pores were found to be poorly developed. The mesopores were predominant, followed by macropores. The shale pore diameters ranged between 1 nm and 100 nm, and they are characterized by multiple peaks. The specific surface area (SSA) was primarily provided by nanopores in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm, such that the smaller pores provided a greater contribution to the SSA, and they are more conducive to shale gas adsorption and accumulation. Clay mineral content was the dominant internal factor controlling pore development and the SSA, with the illite–smectite mixed layer being the most obvious controlling factor. While too low or too high clay mineral content is adverse to macropore development, brittle mineral content, carbonate mineral content, and total organic carbon (TOC) content are adverse to pore development and the SSA. Thermal maturity has no remarkable control effect on pore volume and the SSA of non-organic pores.

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17

Dolganov, P. V., N. S. Shuravin, V. K. Dolganov, E. I. Kats, R. Stannarius, K. Harth, T. Trittel, C. S. Park, and J. E. Maclennan. "Transient hexagonal structures in sheared emulsions of isotropic inclusions on smectic bubbles in microgravity conditions." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (September 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98166-7.

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AbstractWe describe the collective behavior of isotropic droplets dispersed over a spherical smectic bubble, observed under microgravity conditions on the International Space Station (ISS). We find that droplets can form two-dimensional hexagonal structures changing with time. Our analysis indicates the possibility of spatial and temporal periodicity of such structures of droplets. Quantitative analysis of the hexagonal structure including the first three coordination circles was performed. A peculiar periodic-in-time ordering of the droplets, related to one-dimensional motion of droplets with non-uniform velocity, was found.

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18

Korenjak, Zala, and Matjaž Humar. "Smectic and Soap Bubble Optofluidic Lasers." Physical Review X 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.14.011002.

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19

Ishii, Y., and Y. Tabe. "Gas permeation of LC films observed by smectic bubble expansion." European Physical Journal E 30, no. 3 (October 9, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2009-10517-4.

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20

Xiao, Hui, Nan Xie, Yuanyuan Lu, Tianyue Cheng, and Wei Dang. "Experimental investigation of pore structure and its influencing factors of marine-continental transitional shales in southern Yan’an area, ordos basin, China." Frontiers in Earth Science 10 (September 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.981037.

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The intensive study of the pore structure and its controlling factors of shale reservoir has important guiding significance for further exploration and exploitation of shale gas. This work investigated the effects of organic and inorganic compositions on the development of pore structures of the Upper Permian Shanxi shale in the southern Yan’an area, Ordos Basin. Based on the results of high-pressure mercury intrusion, low-pressure N2 and CO2 adsorption and organic geochemical experiments, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope observations, the mineral composition, pore structure and its influencing factors of the transitional shale were studied systematically. The results indicate that the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the shale is between 0.12% and 5.43%, with an average of 1.40%. The type of the organic matter (OM) belongs to Type III and has over maturity degree with an average Ro of 2.54%. An important character of this kind of shale is the large proportion of clay mineral content, which ranges from 40.70% to 87.00%, and with an average of 60.05%. Among them, illite and kaolinite are the main components, and they account for 36.6% and 36.7% of the total clay minerals respectively, followed by chlorite and illite/smectite (I/S) mixed layer. The quartz content is between 10.6% and 54.5%, with an average of 35.49%. OM (organic matter) pores are mostly circular bubble-shaped pores, and most of them are micropores, while inorganic pores are well developed and mainly contributed by clay mineral pores and have slit-type, plate-like and irregular polygon forms. Mesopores are the major contributor to pore volume (PV), while micropores contribute the least to PV. The contribution of micropores to the specific surface area (SSA) is greater than 61%, followed by mesopores. Macropores have almost no contribution to the development of SSA. OM pores are the main contributor to the total specific surface area of the shale, with an average contribution rate of 61.05%, but clay mineral pores contribute more to the total pore volumes. In addition, both the content of chlorite and illite/smectite (I/S) mixed layer is positively correlated with the volume ratio of mesopores. It was found that high TOC, I/S mixed layer and chlorite content are all favorable conditions for the target shale.

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21

Gu, B. X., L. M. Wang, S. X. Wang, and R. C. Ewing. "Radiation Effects on Materials in the Near-Field of a Nuclear Waste Repository." MRS Proceedings 663 (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-663-883.

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ABSTRACTThe long-term radiation effects on materials in the near-field of a nuclear waste repository have been evaluated using accelerated laboratory experiments with energetic electron or ion beam irradiation. The materials studied include: zeolites, layered silicates (smectite clay and mica), as well as crystalline silicotitanate (CST) which is an important ion exchange material for the chemical separation of high-level liquid radioactive wastes.In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) during irradiation by energetic electrons and ions has shown that all of the studied materials are susceptible to irradiation-induced amorphization. At room temperature, complete amorphization was observed after ionizing doses of 1010 ∼ 1012 Gy or displacement doses on the order of 0.1 dpa (equivalent to doses received in 400-1,000 years for a high-loading nuclear waste form). Amorphization may be preceded or accompanied by dehydration, layer spacing reduction and gas bubble formation. In the case of zeolites, CST and some layered silicates, radiation effects are significantly enhanced at higher temperatures. Our experiments have shown that amorphization or even partial amorphization will cause a dramatic reduction in ion exchange and sorption/desorption capacities for radionuclides, such as Cs and Sr. Because the near-field or chemical processing materials (e.g. zeolites or CST) will receive a substantial radiation dose after they have incorporated radionuclides, our results suggest that radiation effects may, in some cases, retard the release of sorbed or ion-exchanged radionuclides.

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