Journal articles on the topic 'Smartphone Camera Quality'
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Gupta, Shubhi, Prakash Srivastava, and Ashutosh Gupta. "Portable Smart Healthcare Approach for Earlier Stage Eye Tests for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection." International Journal of Information Retrieval Research 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijirr.2021040104.
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High-quality, wide field retinal imaging is an effective method of retinal disease screening that is preventable and endangers vision. Retinal smartphone-based cameras promise to increase retinal imagery access, but variable image quality and restricted field of view can restrict their usefulness. This article discusses how to build a fundus camera based on smartphones that is capable of photographing the central retina and the peripheral retina up to the plana pars. It is a cost-effective alternative to the fundus camera.
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Wu, Fei, Songping Wu, and Mark Hayter. "MIPI Camera: Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions for Chromebook Cameras." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 9 (January 18, 2021): 207–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.9.iqsp-207.
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Smartphone cameras revolutionized for at least two generations in the past decade; i.e. megapixel enthusiasm and multi-camera combination. However, most laptops are still with low resolution fixed focused webcam cameras. The story could have changed recently. The COVID-19 pandemic keeps people working from home; therefore, video conferencing becomes part of the new normal of daily life. The camera quality of laptop computers is in the spotlight when users join video conferences using their laptops webcam. We are working on a MIPI camera solution to drive the Chromebook webcam quality with minimum impact of cost. There are several challenges by porting the current smartphone MIPI camera technology to Chromebook directly: miniature module size and challenge of the hardware product design, limited ISP. There is also no complete evaluation criterion to video conferencing quality. We will discuss each aspect one by one.
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Masiero, A., A. Guarnieri, and A. Vettore. "ASSESSMENT OF A PORTABLE TOF CAMERA AND COMPARISON WITH SMARTPHONE STEREO VISION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W17 (November 29, 2019): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w17-187-2019.
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Abstract. Nowadays time-of-flight (ToF) cameras and multiple RGB cameras are being embedded in an increasing number of high-end smartphones: despite their integration in mobile devices is mostly motivated by photographic applications, their availability can be exploited to enable 3D reconstructions directly on smartphones. Furthermore, even when a ToF camera is not embedded in a smartphone, low cost solutions are available on the market in order to easily provide standard mobile devices with a lightweight and extremely portable ToF camera. This work deals with the assessment of a low cost ToF camera, namely Pico Zense DCAM710, which perfectly fits with the above description. According to the results obtained in the considered tests, the ranging error (precision) of the DCAM710 camera increases linearly approximately up to the nominal maximum range in the considered working mode, up to approximately 1 cm. Despite the device allows to acquire measurements also at larger ranges, the measurement quality significantly worsen. After assessing the main characteristics of such ToF camera, this paper aims at comparing its 3D reconstruction ability with that of a smartphone stereo vision system. In particular, the comparison of a 3D reconstruction obtained with stereo vision from images acquired with an LG G6 shows that the stereo reconstruction leads to a much larger point cloud. However, points generated by the ToF camera are more homogeneously distributed, and they seem to slightly better describe the real geometry of the reconstructed object. The combination of such two technologies, which will be investigated in our future work, can potentially lead to a denser cloud with respect to the ToF camera, while preserving a reasonable accuracy.
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Larosa, Fati Gratianus Nafiri, and Ofelius Laia. "ANALISIS QUALITY OF SERVICE (QoS) LIVE STREAMING WIRELESS IP CAMERA XONZ BERBASIS SMARTPHONE ANDROID." METHODIKA: Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi 5, no. 2 (September 10, 2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46880/mtk.v5i2.422.
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Quality of Service (QoS) on Live Streaming has the main parameters, namely bandwidth, jitter, loss and delay, which are measured on the implementation of Wireless IP Camera based on Android Smartphone. The test tools used iperf and ping software, to capture data packets. The network design in this study uses Xonz Wireless IP Camera, wifi router, Server/Laptop and Android Smartphone to monitor or access the services provided. Surveillance/reconnaissance or surveillance by accessing live streaming can be done from anywhere as long as there is still an intranet network. wifi router provides DHCP service, Server/Laptop provides a Virtual Machine using MS Windows Server 2003 Operating System. Web Server is not installed on Real Machine but on Virtual Machine. The smartphone used has the Android Operating System version 4.4.2. IP Camera Xonz model XZ-12Z-HR/W has one major drawback that it can only be accessed via Internet Explorer Browser which can only run on MS Windows Operating System. Some applications that are already available on Google Play and installed on Android Smartphones cannot detect the Wireless IP Camera. The outcome or impact of this research is the creation of a simple Live Streaming application that can be accessed by all browsers on all platforms including Android Smartphones. Measurements were made using iperf and ping. The results showed that the Xonz IP Camera can still be used for mobile room monitoring as far as a maximum of about 20 m from the wifi router and still meets the standard QoS values set by TIPHON and ITU-T G.114.
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Saif, Wahib, and Adel Alshibani. "Smartphone-Based Photogrammetry Assessment in Comparison with a Compact Camera for Construction Management Applications." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031053.
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Close-range photogrammetry (CRP) has proven to be a remarkable and affordable technique for data modeling and measurements extraction in construction management applications. Nevertheless, it is important to aim for making CRP more accessible by using smartphones on-site directly without a pre-calibration procedure. This study evaluated the potential of smartphones as data acquisition tools in comparison with compact cameras based on the quality and accuracy of their photogrammetric results in extracting geometrical measurements (i.e., surface area and volume). Two concrete specimens of regular shapes (i.e., beam and cylinder) along with an irregular-shaped sand pile were used to conduct this study. The datasets of both cameras were analyzed and compared based on lens distortions, image residuals, and projections multiplicity. Furthermore, the photogrammetric models were compared according to various quality criteria, processing time, and memory utilization. Though both cameras were not pre-calibrated, they both provided highly accurate geometrical estimations. The volumetric estimation error ranged from 0.37% to 2.33% for the compact camera and 0.67% to 3.19% for the smartphone. For surface area estimations, the error ranged from 0.44% to 0.91% for the compact camera and 0.50% to 1.89% for the smartphone. Additionally, the smartphone data required less processing time and memory usage with higher applicability compared with the compact camera. The implication of these findings is that they provide professionals in construction management with an assessment of a more direct and cost-effective 3D data acquisition tool with a good understanding of its reliability. Moreover, the assessment methodology and comparison criteria presented in this study can assist future research in conducting similar studies for different capturing devices in construction management applications. The findings of this study are limited to small quantification applications. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct further research that assesses smartphones as a photogrammetric data acquisition tool for larger construction elements or tracking ongoing construction activities that involve measurements estimation.
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Gao, Min, Junsheng Li, Fangfang Zhang, Shenglei Wang, Ya Xie, Ziyao Yin, and Bing Zhang. "Measurement of Water Leaving Reflectance Using a Digital Camera Based on Multiple Reflectance Reference Cards." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 6580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226580.
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With the development of citizen science, digital cameras and smartphones are increasingly utilized in water quality monitoring. The smartphone application HydroColor quantitatively retrieves water quality parameters from digital images. HydroColor assumes a linear relationship between the digital pixel number (DN) and incident radiance and applies a grey reference card to derive water leaving reflectance. However, image DNs change with incident light brightness non-linearly, according to a power function. We developed an improved method for observing and calculating water leaving reflectance from digital images based on multiple reflectance reference cards. The method was applied to acquire water, sky, and reflectance reference card images using a Cannon 50D digital camera at 31 sampling stations; the results were validated using synchronously measured water leaving reflectance using a field spectrometer. The R2 for the red, green, and blue color bands were 0.94, 0.95, 0.94, and the mean relative errors were 27.6%, 29.8%, 31.8%, respectively. The validation results confirm that this method can derive accurate water leaving reflectance, especially when compared with the results derived by HydroColor, which systematically overestimates water leaving reflectance. Our results provide a more accurate theoretical foundation for quantitative water quality monitoring using digital and smartphone cameras.
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Sirmacek, Beril, Roderik Lindenbergh, and Jinhu Wang. "QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND COMPARISON OF SMARTPHONE AND LEICA C10 LASER SCANNER BASED POINT CLOUDS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 15, 2016): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-581-2016.
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3D urban models are valuable for urban map generation, environment monitoring, safety planning and educational purposes. For 3D measurement of urban structures, generally airborne laser scanning sensors or multi-view satellite images are used as a data source. However, close-range sensors (such as terrestrial laser scanners) and low cost cameras (which can generate point clouds based on photogrammetry) can provide denser sampling of 3D surface geometry. Unfortunately, terrestrial laser scanning sensors are expensive and trained persons are needed to use them for point cloud acquisition. A potential effective 3D modelling can be generated based on a low cost smartphone sensor. Herein, we show examples of using smartphone camera images to generate 3D models of urban structures. We compare a smartphone based 3D model of an example structure with a terrestrial laser scanning point cloud of the structure. This comparison gives us opportunity to discuss the differences in terms of geometrical correctness, as well as the advantages, disadvantages and limitations in data acquisition and processing. We also discuss how smartphone based point clouds can help to solve further problems with 3D urban model generation in a practical way. We show that terrestrial laser scanning point clouds which do not have color information can be colored using smartphones. The experiments, discussions and scientific findings might be insightful for the future studies in fast, easy and low-cost 3D urban model generation field.
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Sirmacek, Beril, Roderik Lindenbergh, and Jinhu Wang. "QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND COMPARISON OF SMARTPHONE AND LEICA C10 LASER SCANNER BASED POINT CLOUDS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 15, 2016): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-581-2016.
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3D urban models are valuable for urban map generation, environment monitoring, safety planning and educational purposes. For 3D measurement of urban structures, generally airborne laser scanning sensors or multi-view satellite images are used as a data source. However, close-range sensors (such as terrestrial laser scanners) and low cost cameras (which can generate point clouds based on photogrammetry) can provide denser sampling of 3D surface geometry. Unfortunately, terrestrial laser scanning sensors are expensive and trained persons are needed to use them for point cloud acquisition. A potential effective 3D modelling can be generated based on a low cost smartphone sensor. Herein, we show examples of using smartphone camera images to generate 3D models of urban structures. We compare a smartphone based 3D model of an example structure with a terrestrial laser scanning point cloud of the structure. This comparison gives us opportunity to discuss the differences in terms of geometrical correctness, as well as the advantages, disadvantages and limitations in data acquisition and processing. We also discuss how smartphone based point clouds can help to solve further problems with 3D urban model generation in a practical way. We show that terrestrial laser scanning point clouds which do not have color information can be colored using smartphones. The experiments, discussions and scientific findings might be insightful for the future studies in fast, easy and low-cost 3D urban model generation field.
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Meinich-Bache, Øyvind, Kjersti Engan, Tonje Søraas Birkenes, and Helge Myklebust. "Real-Time Chest Compression Quality Measurements by Smartphone Camera." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2018 (October 28, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6241856.
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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is recognized as a global mortality challenge, and digital strategies could contribute to increase the chance of survival. In this paper, we investigate if cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality measurement using smartphone video analysis in real-time is feasible for a range of conditions. With the use of a web-connected smartphone application which utilizes the smartphone camera, we detect inactivity and chest compressions and measure chest compression rate with real-time feedback to both the caller who performs chest compressions and over the web to the dispatcher who coaches the caller on chest compressions. The application estimates compression rate with 0.5 s update interval, time to first stable compression rate (TFSCR), active compression time (TC), hands-off time (TWC), average compression rate (ACR), and total number of compressions (NC). Four experiments were performed to test the accuracy of the calculated chest compression rate under different conditions, and a fifth experiment was done to test the accuracy of the CPR summary parameters TFSCR, TC, TWC, ACR, and NC. Average compression rate detection error was 2.7 compressions per minute (±5.0 cpm), the calculated chest compression rate was within ±10 cpm in 98% (±5.5) of the time, and the average error of the summary CPR parameters was 4.5% (±3.6). The results show that real-time chest compression quality measurement by smartphone camera in simulated cardiac arrest is feasible under the conditions tested.
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Al Husaini, Mohammed Abdulla Salim, Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, Teddy Surya Gunawan, and Md Rafiqul Islam. "Self-Detection of Early Breast Cancer Application with Infrared Camera and Deep Learning." Electronics 10, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10202538.
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Breast cancer is the most common cause of death in women around the world. A new tool has been adopted based on thermal imaging, deep convolutional networks, health applications on smartphones, and cloud computing for early detection of breast cancer. The development of the smart app included the use of Mastology Research with the Infrared Image DMR-IR database and the training of the modified version of deep convolutional neural network model inception V4 (MV4). In addition to designing the application in a graphical user interface and linking it with the AirDroid application to send thermal images from the smartphone to the cloud and to retrieve the suggestive diagnostic result from the cloud server to the smartphone. Moreover, to verify the proper operation of the app, a set of thermal images was sent from the smartphone to the cloud server from different distances and image acquisition procedures to verify the quality of the images. Four effects on the thermal image were applied: Blur, Shaken, Tilted, and Flipping were added to the images to verify the detection accuracy. After conducting repeated experiments, the classification results of early detection of breast cancer, generated from the MV4, illustrated high accuracy performance. The response time achieved after the successful transfer of diagnostic results from the smartphone to the cloud and back to the smartphone via the AirDroid application is six seconds. The results show that the quality of thermal images did not affect by different distances and methods except in one method when compressing thermal images by 5%, 15%, and 26%. The results indicate 1% as maximum detection accuracy when compressing thermal images by 5%, 15%, and 26%. In addition, the results indicate detection accuracy increased in Blurry images and Shaken images by 0.0002%, while diagnostic accuracy decreased to nearly 11% in Tilted images. Early detection of breast cancer using a thermal camera, deep convolutional neural network, cloud computing, and health applications of smartphones are valuable and reliable complementary tools for radiologists to reduce mortality rates.
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Gaiani, M., F. I. Apollonio, and F. Fantini. "EVALUATING SMARTPHONES COLOR FIDELITY AND METRIC ACCURACY FOR THE 3D DOCUMENTATION OF SMALL ARTIFACTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-539-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Smartphone camera technology has made significant improvements of sensors quality and software camera performance in recent years. Devices as Apple iPhone X and the Samsung Galaxy S9 Plus, allow to reach levels of image resolution, sharpness and color accuracy very close to prosumer SLR cameras, enabling also on-the-fly processing and procedures which were considered impossible to achieve until a few years ago. Starting from these premises, a series of issues and opportunities concerning smartphone application to artifacts documentation will be discussed. In particular, consistency and reliability of both shape and color representation achievable for small-medium artifacts belonging to exhibitions and museum collections. A low-cost, easy-to-use workflow based on low-cost widespread devices will be compared to consolidated digitization pipelines. The contribution focus is based on color accuracy of textured models achievable through smartphones by means of an internally developed application for the achievement of highly reliable developments of raw formats (.DNG) from Apple iPhone X. Color consistency will be calculated in terms of the mean camera chroma relative to the mean ideal chroma in the CIE color metric (&Delta;E*<sub>00</sub>) as defined in 2000 by the CIE on the CIEXYZ chromaticity diagram.</p>
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Sohib, Ahmad, Niko Danusaid, Astri Sawitri, Bebeh Wahid Nuryadin, and Rena Denya Agustina. "Low cost digitalization of observation telescope by utilizing smartphone." MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819702002.
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Digitalization of telescopes used as learning media observation of the object is quite effective. However, the cost of operating this system becomes one of the obstacles. The approach to overcome the obstacle can be conducted by utilization of the present technology such as smartphone. Physical experiments have been conducted on the design of digitalization of the starter binoculars interfacing to Personal Computer (PC) using a smartphone. This experiment is aimed to design a more efficient digitalization of telescope observations. Smartphone stative is made in such a way that the camera in the right position on the telescope lens. Data retrieval is taken by a smartphone camera and ASI120MC camera as a comparison parameter. The data will be sent to the PC via an application installed both on smartphone and PC attributed by Bluetooth network. The camera is supported with a camera stative to keep it apart from binoculars. The observations obtained from this system is an interpretation between the camera on the telescope and PC. Such interpretations may produce images or videos observed by telescopes. This design can simplify the interfacing of telescope resulting good enough photo quality.
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Ba, Zhongjie, Zhan Qin, Xinwen Fu, and Kui Ren. "CIM: Camera in Motion for Smartphone Authentication." IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 14, no. 11 (November 2019): 2987–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2019.2911173.
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Chalam, K. V., Joud Chamchikh, and Suzie Gasparian. "Optics and Utility of Low-Cost Smartphone-Based Portable Digital Fundus Camera System for Screening of Retinal Diseases." Diagnostics 12, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061499.
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Purpose: To describe optical principles and utility of inexpensive, portable, non-contact digital smartphone-based camera for the acquisition of fundus photographs for the evaluation of retinal disorders. Methods: The digital camera has a high-quality glass 25 D condensing lens attached to a 21.4-megapixel smartphone camera. The white-emitting LED light of the smartphone at low illumination levels is used to visualize the fundus and limit source reflection. The camera captures a high-definition fundus (5344 × 4016) image on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMO) with an area of 6.3 mm × 4.5 mm. The auto-acquisition mode of the device facilitates the quick capture of the image from continuous video streaming in a fraction of a second. Results: This new smartphone-based camera provides high-resolution digital images of the retina (50° telescopic view) in patients at a fraction of the cost (USD 1000) of established, non-transportable, office-based fundus photography systems. Conclusions: The portable user-friendly smartphone-based digital camera is a useful alternative for the acquisition of fundus photographs and provides a tool for screening retinal diseases in various clinical settings such as primary care clinics or emergency rooms. The ease of acquisition of photographs from a continuously streaming video of fundus obviates the need for a skilled photographer.
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Gad, Asmaa G., Yasmin Mohammed Fayez, Khadiga M. Kelani, and Amr M. Mahmoud. "TLC-smartphone in antibiotics determination and low-quality pharmaceuticals detection." RSC Advances 11, no. 31 (2021): 19196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra01346g.
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Sanguansak, Thuss, Katharine Morley, Michael Morley, Suwat Kusakul, Ramon Lee, Eric Shieh, Yosanan Yospaiboon, et al. "Comparing smartphone camera adapters in imaging post-operative cataract patients." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 23, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x15625400.
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Introduction The goal of this study is to compare image quality and clinical confidence for managing post-operative cataract patients based on anterior segment smartphone images obtained in real-world settings using four types of adapters: (a) macro lens (ML), (b) ML with augmented light-emitting diode (LED) illumination (ML-LED), (c) no adapter (NA) and (d) slit lamp (SL) adapter. Methods Anterior segment images were obtained from 190 eyes after cataract surgery using an eight-megapixel iPhone 6 smartphone camera with four adapters: ML, ML-LED, NA, and SL. Smartphone images were subjectively rated by ophthalmologists as acceptable or not acceptable for: (a) image quality for evaluating the anterior segment structures and (b) reader confidence in clinically managing post-operative patients based on smartphone images. Results NA, ML-LED, and SL had the highest scores for image quality with 100%, 93.7%, and 86.3% judged as acceptable, respectively. NA, SL, and ML-LED were also rated highest in clinical confidence with 100%, 98%, and 93.2% having acceptable levels, respectively. ML was judged lowest in both image quality (61.1% acceptable) and clinical confidence (37.4% acceptable). Discussion This study represents the first effort to compare different smartphone camera adapters’ ability to image the anterior segment of the eye in a real-world setting. Our study shows that ML-LED, NA, and SL adapters were acceptable for visualizing anterior segment structures to physician readers in 86–100% of cases. When coupled with visual acuity, intro-ocular pressure and history, these images can result in acceptable clinical confidence in 93–100% of cases.
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Jung, Jae won, Jongha Park, Gi Jung Jeon, Young Soo Moon, Sung Yuon Yang, Tae Oh Kim, Eui Tay Jung, and Hee-Cheol Kim. "The Effectiveness of Personalized Bowel Preparation Using a Smartphone Camera Application: A Randomized Pilot Study." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4898914.
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Background. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a smartphone application that analyzes and judges the optimal dosage of polyethylene glycol (PEG) for bowel preparation. Methods. Patients were assigned to use the smartphone camera application (app group) or written instructions (non-app group). The smartphone camera application was programmed to analyze the bowel preparation quality and automatically determine the dosage of PEG from an analysis of stool images. In contrast, the non-app group consumed PEG solution according to the manual. Results. The primary outcome was the quality of the bowel preparation based on blinded ratings using the Ottawa bowel preparation scale (OBPS). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean OBPS scores between the two groups (P=0.950). However, the app group consumed a lower dose of PEG than the non-app group (mean dosage (mL): 3713.2 ± 405.8 versus 3979.2 ± 102.06, P=0.001). The app group (5-point Likert scale; mean score 4.37 ± 0.895) had high acceptance of the application. Conclusions. Although the app group consumed a lower PEG dose, the bowel preparation quality was similar in the two groups. Moreover, use of the smartphone camera application enhanced compliance with the bowel preparation.
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Wintolo, Hero, Sudaryanto Sudaryanto, and Christoporus Galih Pramudito. "Remote Camera For Android Based Smartphones Installed On The Syma X8HG Drone." Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi 10, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/angkasa.v10i2.349.
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The camera on the smartphone was basically to take pictures or video with equivalent quality digital camera or video recorder. The camera on the smartphone lies in two different locations, first place the rear side and the second being in front. Drone Syma x8hg who used to fly a smartphone for the shooting process is controlled from the laptop software, maximum range 80 meters from the drones by remote control. Software on Android devices and laptops must first diinstalisasi so both devices can be connected to the web server of the provider to process images from a drone Syma x8hg, the two devices must have a network connection provider respectively. Results from testing the smartphone camera carried by a flying drone can be controlled for filming with the distance is affected by the strength of the signal from the service provider's internet connection, while the height is limited by the strength of the signal between the drone with remote control.
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V, Marsellinus Bachtiar, and Cassidy . "Analisis Kepuasan Pelayanan dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Pelanggan untuk Memilih Smartphone Samsung di Jabodetabek Menggunakan Metode IPA dan Model Kano." Jurnal METRIS 21, no. 02 (December 1, 2020): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/metris.v21i02.2498.
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Smartphones are one of the must-have devices for modern society today. With the high demand for smartphones lately, many companies are competing to produce smartphones that suit consumer needs. Indonesia is one of the developing countries where the growth rate of smartphone use can still increase so that many smartphone manufacturers sell their products to Indonesia. From this phenomenon, researchers want to know the level of satisfaction of users of one of the leading smartphone brands in Indonesia and even in the world, namely Samsung. The purpose of this study is to determine what factors are considered good by customers and the company must maintain these services and what things are deemed not good and need to be improved again. This study uses the IPA method to determine the level of conformity between company services and customer expectations and the Kano model used to determine which services are included in the performance, basic, or delighter categories. From the results of these two methods can be integrated using the IPA-Kano integration table. Some things that still need to be improved from Samsung smartphones according to users who have filled out this questionnaire include good quality materials at a good selling price, attractive and modern product designs, product quality has a good price level, sufficient camera quality for purposes daily needs, and bonuses that make consumers satisfied.
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Ferster, Colin J., and Nicholas C. Coops. "Assessing the quality of forest fuel loading data collected using public participation methods and smartphones." International Journal of Wildland Fire 23, no. 4 (2014): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf13173.
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Effective wildfire management in the wildland–urban interface (WUI) depends on timely data on forest fuel loading to inform management decisions. Mobile personal communication devices, such as smartphones, present new opportunities to collect data in the WUI, using sensors within the device – such as the camera, global positioning system (GPS), accelerometer, compass, data storage and networked data transfer. In addition to providing a tool for forest professionals, smartphones can also facilitate engaging other members of the community in forest management as they are now available to a growing proportion of the general population. Approaches where the public participates in the data-collection process (inspired by citizen science) may be beneficial for fire hazard issues. This research note demonstrates a smartphone application for measuring forest fuel loading in the WUI by forestry professionals and non-professionals, and evaluates the quality of the collected data. Smartphones and their associated applications may provide new tools for collecting forest structural data in the WUI, but forest managers need to ensure that measurement protocols provide the required precision for analysis and enforce the logical consistency of observations made by a diverse set of data collectors, and that sufficient training is provided. If these recommendations are followed, we conclude that data acquired by volunteers in collaborative projects through smartphone applications can be of acceptable quality to help inform forest management decisions.
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Kim, Youngkyu, Jeongmin Oh, Seung-Ho Choi, Ahra Jung, June-Goo Lee, Yoon Se Lee, and Jun Ki Kim. "A Portable Smartphone-Based Laryngoscope System for High-Speed Vocal Cord Imaging of Patients With Throat Disorders: Instrument Validation Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): e25816. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25816.
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Background Currently, high-speed digital imaging (HSDI), especially endoscopic HSDI, is routinely used for the diagnosis of vocal cord disorders. However, endoscopic HSDI devices are usually large and costly, which limits access to patients in underdeveloped countries and in regions with inadequate medical infrastructure. Modern smartphones have sufficient functionality to process the complex calculations that are required for processing high-resolution images and videos with a high frame rate. Recently, several attempts have been made to integrate medical endoscopes with smartphones to make them more accessible to people in underdeveloped countries. Objective This study aims to develop a smartphone adaptor for endoscopes, which enables smartphone-based vocal cord imaging, to demonstrate the feasibility of performing high-speed vocal cord imaging via the high-speed imaging functions of a high-performance smartphone camera, and to determine the acceptability of the smartphone-based high-speed vocal cord imaging system for clinical applications in developing countries. Methods A customized smartphone adaptor optical relay was designed for clinical endoscopy using selective laser melting–based 3D printing. A standard laryngoscope was attached to the smartphone adaptor to acquire high-speed vocal cord endoscopic images. Only existing basic functions of the smartphone camera were used for HSDI of the vocal cords. Extracted still frames were observed for qualitative glottal volume and shape. For image processing, segmented glottal and vocal cord areas were calculated from whole HSDI frames to characterize the amplitude of the vibrations on each side of the glottis, including the frequency, edge length, glottal areas, base cord, and lateral phase differences over the acquisition time. The device was incorporated into a preclinical videokymography diagnosis routine to compare functionality. Results Smartphone-based HSDI with the smartphone-endoscope adaptor could achieve 940 frames per second and a resolution of 1280 by 720 frames, which corresponds to the detection of 3 to 8 frames per vocal cycle at double the spatial resolution of existing devices. The device was used to image the vocal cords of 4 volunteers: 1 healthy individual and 3 patients with vocal cord paralysis, chronic laryngitis, or vocal cord polyps. The resultant image stacks were sufficient for most diagnostic purposes. The cost of the device including the smartphone was lower than that of existing HSDI devices. The image processing and analytics demonstrated the successful calculation of relevant diagnostic variables from the acquired images. Patients with vocal pathologies were easily differentiable in the quantitative data. Conclusions A smartphone-based HSDI endoscope system can function as a point-of-care clinical diagnostic device. The resulting analysis is of higher quality than that accessible by videostroboscopy and promises comparable quality and greater accessibility than HSDI. In particular, this system is suitable for use as an accessible diagnostic tool in underdeveloped areas with inadequate medical service infrastructure.
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Thomas, George, Jason A. Bennie, Katrien De Cocker, Fitria Dwi Andriyani, Bridget Booker, and Stuart J. H. Biddle. "Using Wearable Cameras to Categorize the Type and Context of Screen-Based Behaviors Among Adolescents: Observational Study." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 5, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): e28208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/28208.
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Background Automated wearable cameras present a new opportunity to accurately assess human behavior. However, this technology is seldom used in the study of adolescent’s screen exposure, and the field is reliant on poor-quality self-report data. Objective This study aimed to examine adolescents’ screen exposure by categorizing the type and context of behaviors using automated wearable cameras. Methods Adolescents (mean age 15.4 years, SD 1.6 years; n=10) wore a camera for 3 school evenings and 1 weekend day. The camera captured an image every 10 seconds. Fieldwork was completed between February and March 2020, and data were analyzed in August 2020. Images were date and time stamped, and coded for screen type, content, and context. Results Data representing 71,396 images were analyzed. Overall, 74.0% (52,842/71,396) of images contained screens and 16.8% (11,976/71,396) of images contained multiple screens. Most screen exposures involved television sets (25,950/71,396, 36.3%), smartphones (20,851/71,396, 29.2%), and laptop computers (15,309/71,396, 21.4%). The context of screen use differed by device type, although most screen exposures occurred at home (62,455/64,856, 96.3%) and with solitary engagement (54,430/64,856, 83.9%). The immediate after-school period saw high laptop computer use (4785/15,950, 30.0%), while smartphone use (2059/5320, 38.7%) peaked during prebedtime hours. Weekend screen exposure was high, with smartphone use (1070/1927, 55.5%) peaking in the early morning period and fluctuating throughout the day. Conclusions There was evidence for high screen use during the after-school and weekend period, mostly through solitary engagement, and within the home environment. The findings may inform the basis of larger studies aimed at examining screen exposure in free-living conditions.
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Gao, Min, Junsheng Li, Shenglei Wang, Fangfang Zhang, Kai Yan, Ziyao Yin, Ya Xie, and Wei Shen. "Smartphone–Camera–Based Water Reflectance Measurement and Typical Water Quality Parameter Inversion." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061371.
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Crowdsourced data from smart devices play an increasingly important role in water quality monitoring. However, guaranteeing and evaluating crowdsourced data quality is a key issue. This study aims to extract more accurate water reflectance data from smartphone photographs with variable exposure parameters, and to test the usability of these data in deriving water quality parameters. A set of low–cost reference cards was designed to be placed in the center of the photograph near the water surface, and a calculation model was proposed to convert the photograph digital numbers (DNs) to water reflectance. A nonlinear DN–to–reflectance model was constructed using the inherent reflectance and DN of the reference card in the photograph. Then, the reflectance of the water surface in the same photograph was estimated. During the evaluation of this scheme in seven different waterbodies with 112 sampling sites, small differences were observed between the estimated and measured remote sensing reflectance; the average unbiased relative errors (AUREs) for the red, green, and blue bands were 25.7%, 29.5%, and 35.2%, respectively, while the RMSEs for the three bands were 0.0032, 0.0051, 0.0031, respectively. The derived water reflectance data were used to retrieve the Secchi–disk depth (Zsd) and turbidity, with accuracies of 72.4% and 60.2%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed method based on the smartphone camera can be used to derive the remote sensing reflectance and water quality parameters effectively with acceptable accuracy.
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Khuriyati, N., D. A. Nugroho, and N. A. Wicaksono. "Quality assessment of chilies (Capsicum annuum L.) by using a smartphone camera." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 425 (February 8, 2020): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/425/1/012040.
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Mookerjee, Joydeep, Subir Chattopadhyay, Tusar Ahmed, and Lavanya Addepalli. "Impact of QR-Codes as a Disruptive Technology During the Covid-19 Contagion." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 10, no. 1s (December 14, 2022): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v10i1s.5850.
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Introduction In the world economy, QR codes became very popular, and their prominence is expanding rapidly. The QR-codes look a bit like barcodes, but are made up of square patterns. As businesses are increasingly embracing these technologies, QR codes are becoming more popular, QR code readers are being integrated into smartphones. Apple released iOS 11 to search QR codes using the smartphone camera back in 2017 which is now a game-changing marketing strategy for businesses and retailers.
Objective: The objective of the paper is to conduct an extensive theoretical review on the growth of QR codes in the digital era and QR codes' reach as contactless payment solutions.
Methodology: A bibliometric review by refereeing quality articles published in highly ranked journal.
Conclusion: When the QR code reader was integrated into the new Android smartphone camera, it proved to be a key differentiator. Following the global COVID-19 contagion, there has been a nudge for contactless activities and remote resource allocation, such as online work, payments and online classes among others. QR-codes have seen a spectacular increase in usage across all aspects of life.
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Kröhnert, M. "AUTOMATIC WATERLINE EXTRACTION FROM SMARTPHONE IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 16, 2016): 857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-857-2016.
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Considering worldwide increasing and devastating flood events, the issue of flood defence and prediction becomes more and more important. Conventional methods for the observation of water levels, for instance gauging stations, provide reliable information. However, they are rather cost-expensive in purchase, installation and maintenance and hence mostly limited for monitoring large streams only. Thus, small rivers with noticeable increasing flood hazard risks are often neglected. <br><br> State-of-the-art smartphones with powerful camera systems may act as affordable, mobile measuring instruments. Reliable and effective image processing methods may allow the use of smartphone-taken images for mobile shoreline detection and thus for water level monitoring. The paper focuses on automatic methods for the determination of waterlines by spatio-temporal texture measures. Besides the considerable challenge of dealing with a wide range of smartphone cameras providing different hardware components, resolution, image quality and programming interfaces, there are several limits in mobile device processing power. For test purposes, an urban river in Dresden, Saxony was observed. The results show the potential of deriving the waterline with subpixel accuracy by a column-by-column four-parameter logistic regression and polynomial spline modelling. After a transformation into object space via suitable landmarks (which is not addressed in this paper), this corresponds to an accuracy in the order of a few centimetres when processing mobile device images taken from small rivers at typical distances.
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Kröhnert, M. "AUTOMATIC WATERLINE EXTRACTION FROM SMARTPHONE IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 16, 2016): 857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-857-2016.
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Considering worldwide increasing and devastating flood events, the issue of flood defence and prediction becomes more and more important. Conventional methods for the observation of water levels, for instance gauging stations, provide reliable information. However, they are rather cost-expensive in purchase, installation and maintenance and hence mostly limited for monitoring large streams only. Thus, small rivers with noticeable increasing flood hazard risks are often neglected. <br><br> State-of-the-art smartphones with powerful camera systems may act as affordable, mobile measuring instruments. Reliable and effective image processing methods may allow the use of smartphone-taken images for mobile shoreline detection and thus for water level monitoring. The paper focuses on automatic methods for the determination of waterlines by spatio-temporal texture measures. Besides the considerable challenge of dealing with a wide range of smartphone cameras providing different hardware components, resolution, image quality and programming interfaces, there are several limits in mobile device processing power. For test purposes, an urban river in Dresden, Saxony was observed. The results show the potential of deriving the waterline with subpixel accuracy by a column-by-column four-parameter logistic regression and polynomial spline modelling. After a transformation into object space via suitable landmarks (which is not addressed in this paper), this corresponds to an accuracy in the order of a few centimetres when processing mobile device images taken from small rivers at typical distances.
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Costantino, Domenica, Gabriele Vozza, Massimiliano Pepe, and Vincenzo Saverio Alfio. "Smartphone LiDAR Technologies for Surveying and Reality Modelling in Urban Scenarios: Evaluation Methods, Performance and Challenges." Applied System Innovation 5, no. 4 (June 29, 2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi5040063.
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The aim of the research was to evaluate the performance of smartphone depth sensors (Time of Flight Camera(ToF) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)) from Android (Huawei P30 Pro) and iOS (iPhone 12 Pro and iPAD 2021 Pro) devices in order to build a 3D point cloud. In particular, the smartphones were tested in several case studies involving the scanning of several objects: 10 building material samples, a statue, an interior room environment and the remains of a Doric column in a major archaeological site. The quality of the point clouds was evaluated through visual analysis and using three eigenfeatures: surface variation, planarity and omnivariance. Based on this approach, some issues with the point clouds generated by smartphones were highlighted, such as surface splitting, loss of planarity and inertial navigation system drift problems. In addition, it can finally be deduced that, in the absence of scanning problems, the accuracies achievable from this type of scanning are ~1–3 cm. Therefore, this research intends to describe a method of quantifying anomalies occurring in smartphone scans and, more generally, to verify the quality of the point cloud obtained with these devices.
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Budde, Matthias, Simon Leiner, Marcel Köpke, Johannes Riesterer, Till Riedel, and Michael Beigl. "FeinPhone: Low-cost Smartphone Camera-based 2D Particulate Matter Sensor." Sensors 19, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030749.
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Precise, location-specific fine dust measurement is central for the assessment of urban air quality. Classic measurement approaches require dedicated hardware, of which professional equipment is still prohibitively expensive (>10k$) for dense measurements, and inexpensive sensors do not meet accuracy demands. As a step towards filling this gap, we propose FeinPhone, a phone-based fine dust measurement system that uses camera and flashlight functions that are readily available on today’s off-the-shelf smart phones. We introduce a cost-effective passive hardware add-on together with a novel counting approach based on light-scattering particle sensors. Since our approach features a 2D sensor (the camera) instead of a single photodiode, we can employ it to capture the scatter traces from individual particles rather than just retaining a light intensity sum signal as in simple photometers. This is a more direct way of assessing the particle count, it is robust against side effects, e.g., from camera image compression, and enables gaining information on the size spectrum of the particles. Our proof-of-concept evaluation comparing several FeinPhone sensors with data from a high-quality APS/SMPS (Aerodynamic Particle Sizer/Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) reference device at the World Calibration Center for Aerosol Physics shows that the collected data shows excellent correlation with the inhalable coarse fraction of fine dust particles (r > 0.9) and can successfully capture its levels under realistic conditions.
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Wang, Ying, James Brownjohn, Jose Alfonso Jiménez Capilla, Kaoshan Dai, Wensheng Lu, and Ki Young Koo. "Vibration investigation for telecom structures with smartphone camera: case studies." Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring 11, no. 3 (April 5, 2021): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13349-021-00478-9.
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AbstractTelecom structures such as high guyed masts are tall and flexible, so that not only the main structure but also the components (i.e., guy cable and antenna) suffer from vibrations induced by wind or earthquakes. The installation of contact inertial accelerometers for high guyed mast cables or antenna can be logistically challenging and the original vibration state may be influenced by these sensors. With convenient implementation and acceptable accuracy, computer vision technologies have been applied for vibration tests both in labs and field. In this paper, videos taken with smartphone cameras are processed to extract guy cable and antenna vibration information for telecom structures and, as a result, providing an efficient cost-effective method for vibration investigation of this type of structure. The video processing method can also be used in similar cases for other structures.
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Hernandez, Amaia, and Edward Lemaire. "A smartphone photogrammetry method for digitizing prosthetic socket interiors." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 41, no. 2 (September 9, 2016): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364616664150.
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Background and Aim: Prosthetic CAD/CAM systems require accurate 3D limb models; however, difficulties arise when working from the person’s socket since current 3D scanners have difficulties scanning socket interiors. While dedicated scanners exist, they are expensive and the cost may be prohibitive for a limited number of scans per year. A low-cost and accessible photogrammetry method for socket interior digitization is proposed, using a smartphone camera and cloud-based photogrammetry services. Technique: 15 two-dimensional images of the socket’s interior are captured using a smartphone camera. A 3D model is generated using cloud-based software. Linear measurements were comparing between sockets and the related 3D models. Discussion: 3D reconstruction accuracy averaged 2.6 ± 2.0 mm and 0.086 ± 0.078 L, which was less accurate than models obtained by high quality 3D scanners. However, this method would provide a viable 3D digital socket reproduction that is accessible and low-cost, after processing in prosthetic CAD software. Clinical relevance The described method provides a low-cost and accessible means to digitize a socket interior for use in prosthetic CAD/CAM systems, employing a smartphone camera and cloud-based photogrammetry software.
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Estrella-Gallego, Alejandro, Mabel Vazquez Briseno, Juan Ivan Nieto-Hipolito, Everardo Gutierrez-Lopez, Juan de Dios Sanchez-Lopez, Armando Garcia-Berumen, and Raul Rivera-Rodriguez. "Monitoring Atrial Fibrillation using PPG Signals and a Smartphone." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 16, no. 03 (March 19, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i03.12871.
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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common type of cardiac arrhythmia. AF is associated with increased rates of death and hospitalizations. It is also related to a degraded quality of life and reduced exercise capacity. Ageing increases the risk of developing AF, as well as hypertension and obesity. Continuous ECG monitoring is required in patients with previously diagnosed AF. Studies have also demonstrated that daily ECG monitoring increases the successful detection of silent AF among older adults. In this sense facilitating AF monitoring using portable devices such as Smartphones will increase patients life quality and could help to an early diagnosis. With this in mind in this work we present a proposal to detect AF using pulsatile photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal from a fingertip using the built-in camera lens in a smartphone. We developed an algorithm intended to sense paroxysmal AF considering resource utilization capabilities in order to be used in mobile devices with constrained.
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Jaud, Marion, Stéphane Bertin, Mickaël Beauverger, Emmanuel Augereau, and Christophe Delacourt. "RTK GNSS-Assisted Terrestrial SfM Photogrammetry without GCP: Application to Coastal Morphodynamics Monitoring." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (June 11, 2020): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111889.
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The present article describes a new and efficient method of Real Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) assisted terrestrial Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry without the need for Ground Control Points (GCPs). The system only requires a simple frame that mechanically connects a RTK GNSS antenna to the camera. The system is low cost, easy to transport, and offers high autonomy. Furthermore, not requiring GCPs enables saving time during the in situ acquisition and during data processing. The method is tested for coastal cliff monitoring, using both a Reflex camera and a Smartphone camera. The quality of the reconstructions is assessed by comparison to a synchronous Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) acquisition. The results are highly satisfying with a mean error of 0.3 cm and a standard deviation of 4.7 cm obtained with the Nikon D800 Reflex camera and, respectively, a mean error of 0.2 cm and a standard deviation of 3.8 cm obtained with the Huawei Y5 Smartphone camera. This method will be particularly interesting when simplicity, portability, and autonomy are desirable. In the future, it would be transposable to participatory science programs, while using an open RTK GNSS network.
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Nocerino, E., F. Poiesi, A. Locher, Y. T. Tefera, F. Remondino, P. Chippendale, and L. Van Gool. "3D RECONSTRUCTION WITH A COLLABORATIVE APPROACH BASED ON SMARTPHONES AND A CLOUD-BASED SERVER." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W8 (November 14, 2017): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w8-187-2017.
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The paper presents a collaborative image-based 3D reconstruction pipeline to perform image acquisition with a smartphone and geometric 3D reconstruction on a server during concurrent or disjoint acquisition sessions. Images are selected from the video feed of the smartphone’s camera based on their quality and novelty. The smartphone’s app provides on-the-fly reconstruction feedback to users co-involved in the acquisitions. The server is composed of an incremental SfM algorithm that processes the received images by seamlessly merging them into a single sparse point cloud using bundle adjustment. Dense image matching algorithm can be lunched to derive denser point clouds. The reconstruction details, experiments and performance evaluation are presented and discussed.
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NSB, Akhil, Vimal Kumar, Tanmoy De, and Suriya Kalangrit. "Quality function deployment analysis of smartphones." Teknomekanik 5, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/teknomekanik.v5i2.14372.
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To utilize the concept of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and apply it accordingly to address the design decisions concerning the quality of cellular phones by building the simplified version of House of Quality (HoQ). Real customer requirements (CRs) are easier to collect when QFD is employed because it puts the emphasis where it should be on the customer and their demands. After getting various users’ opinions on various smartphone brands and brainstorming among the group and conducted an online survey with mobile users in Taichung, Taiwan, the study highlights the items preferred by most of the users such as long-lasting battery, high quality camera, reliable, wide screen, easy to use, and lightweight. It aids businesses in translating CRs to the primary design requirements (DRs) so that it may create superior goods that are in line with consumer demands.
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Torkan, Masoud, Mateusz Janiszewski, Lauri Uotinen, and Mikael Rinne. "Method to obtain 3D point clouds of tunnels using smartphone LiDAR and comparison to photogrammetry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1124, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012016.
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Abstract Remote sensing methods, for example, photogrammetry and laser scanning can be employed to scan rock masses by digitizing underground spaces or slopes. To reconstruct a 3D model by photogrammetry, plenty of photos should be captured. This process is time-consuming and can be dangerous when the rock mass is unstable. Therefore, rapid capturing methods are needed to reduce the acquisition time. This can be achieved with LiDAR scanners that capture a 3D point cloud with a high-speed pulsed laser beam. However, the cost of laser scanners is high, which limits their usability. Apple’s iPhone 12 Pro Max smartphone is equipped with a LiDAR sensor and is much cheaper than conventional laser scanners. Several mobile applications for 3D models using the smartphone Lidar have been developed, making the scanning process easy. Therefore, smartphones can be used for rapid scanning of unstable surfaces of tunnels and slopes. In this study, 3D point clouds (3DPC) of a tunnel wall of the Underground Research Laboratory of Aalto University (URLA) are obtained by a high-resolution digital camera and smartphone LiDAR. The models are analyzed and compared. The results show the quality of the smartphone LiDAR sensor is adequate for generating 3D models of underground spaces.
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Seo, Suyoung. "Investigation on Image Quality of Smartphone Cameras as Compared with a DSLR Camera by Using Target Image Edges." Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 32, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7780/kjrs.2016.32.1.5.
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Lee, Euncheol, Hyunsu Jun, Wonho Choi, Kihyun Kwon, Jihyung Lim, Seung-hak Lee, and JoonSeo Yim. "CIS Band Noise Prediction Methodology Using Co-Simulation of Camera Module." Electronic Imaging 2020, no. 7 (January 26, 2020): 328–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.7.iss-328.
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This paper describes a CMOS image sensor (CIS) horizontal band noise reduction methodology considering on-chip and offchip camera module PCB design parameters. The horizontal band noise is a crucial issue for high quality camera of modern smartphone applications. This paper discusses CIS horizontal band noise mechanism and proposes the solution by optimization of design factors in CIS and camera module. Analog ground impedance value and bias voltage condition of pixel array transfer gate have been found to be effective optimization parameters. Through the real experimental data, we proved that proposed solution is instrumental in reducing the horizontal band noise.
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Ali, Zarqa, Kristina Melbardis Joergensen, Anders Daniel Andersen, Andrei Chiriac, Theis Bjerre-Christensen, Ionela Manole, Ana-Maria Dutei, et al. "Remote Rating of Atopic Dermatitis Severity Using Photo-Based Assessments: Proof-of-Concept and Reliability Evaluation." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 5 (May 25, 2021): e24766. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24766.
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Background Digital imaging of dermatological patients is a novel approach to remote assessment and has recently become more relevant since telehealth and remote decentralized clinical trials are gaining ground. Objective We aimed to investigate whether photographs taken by a smartphone are of adequate quality to allow severity assessments to be made and to explore the usefulness of an established atopic dermatitis severity assessment instrument on photograph evaluation. Methods During scheduled visits in a previously published study, the investigating doctor evaluated the severity of atopic dermatitis using the Scoring AD (SCORAD) index and took photographs of the most representative lesions (target lesions) with both a smartphone and a digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR). The photographs were then assessed by 5 dermatologists using the intensity items of the SCORAD (iSCORAD), which consists of erythema, oedema/papulation, excoriations, lichenification, oozing/crusts, and dryness (scale 0-3, maximum score 18). The mean iSCORAD of the photographs was calculated and compared with in-person assessments using Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman plots. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used for interrater reliability. Results A total of 942 photographs from 95 patients were assessed. The iSCORAD based on smartphone photographs correlated strongly with the evaluations performed in person (iSCORAD: r=0.78, P<.001; objective SCORAD: r=0.81, P<.001; and total SCORAD: r=0.78, P<.001). For iSCORAD specifically, a Bland-Altman plot showed a difference in mean score of 1.31 for in-person and remote iSCORAD. In addition, the interrater agreement between the 5 rating dermatologists was 0.93 (95% CI 0.911-0.939). A total of 170 lesions were photographed, and the difference in mean scores was 1.32, 1.13, and 1.43 between in-person and remote evaluations based on photographs taken by a DSLR camera, a smartphone without flash, and a smartphone with flash, respectively. Conclusions In terms of quality, remote atopic dermatitis severity assessments based on photographs are comparable to in-person assessments, and smartphone photos can be used to assess atopic dermatitis severity to a similar degree as photographs from a DSLR camera. Further, the variation in how the dermatologists in this study rated the iSCORAD based on the photographs was very low.
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Suner, Selim, James Rayner, Ibrahim U. Ozturan, Geoffrey Hogan, Caroline P. Meehan, Alison B. Chambers, Janette Baird, and Gregory D. Jay. "Prediction of anemia and estimation of hemoglobin concentration using a smartphone camera." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): e0253495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253495.
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Anemia, defined as a low hemoglobin concentration, has a large impact on the health of the world’s population. We describe the use of a ubiquitous device, the smartphone, to predict hemoglobin concentration and screen for anemia. This was a prospective convenience sample study conducted in Emergency Department (ED) patients of an academic teaching hospital. In an algorithm derivation phase, images of both conjunctiva were obtained from 142 patients in Phase 1 using a smartphone. A region of interest targeting the palpebral conjunctiva was selected from each image. Image-based parameters were extracted and used in stepwise regression analyses to develop a prediction model of estimated hemoglobin (HBc). In Phase 2, a validation model was constructed using data from 202 new ED patients. The final model based on all 344 patients was tested for accuracy in anemia and transfusion thresholds. Hemoglobin concentration ranged from 4.7 to 19.6 g/dL (mean 12.5). In Phase 1, there was a significant association between HBc and laboratory-predicted hemoglobin (HBl) slope = 1.07 (CI = 0.98–1.15), p<0.001. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of HBc for predicting anemia was 82.9 [79.3, 86.4], 90.7 [87.0, 94.4], and 73.3 [67.1, 79.5], respectively. In Phase 2, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity decreased to 72.6 [71.4, 73.8], 72.8 [71, 74.6], and 72.5 [70.8, 74.1]. Accuracy for low (<7 g/dL) and high (<9 g/dL) transfusion thresholds was 94.4 [93.7, 95] and 86 [85, 86.9] respectively. Error trended with increasing HBl values (slope 0.27 [0.19, 0.36] and intercept -3.14 [-4.21, -2.07] (p<0.001) such that HBc tended to underestimate hemoglobin in higher ranges and overestimate in lower ranges. Higher quality images had a smaller bias trend than lower quality images. When separated by skin tone results were unaffected. A smartphone can be used in screening for anemia and transfusion thresholds. Improvements in image quality and computational corrections can further enhance estimates of hemoglobin.
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Verbrugge, Frederik H., Tine Proesmans, Johan Vijgen, Wilfried Mullens, Maximo Rivero-Ayerza, Hugo Van Herendael, Pieter Vandervoort, and Dieter Nuyens. "Atrial fibrillation screening with photo-plethysmography through a smartphone camera." EP Europace 21, no. 8 (May 5, 2019): 1167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euz119.
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Abstract Aims This cross-sectional study was set up to assess the feasibility of mass screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) with only the use of a smartphone. Methods and results A local newspaper published an article, allowing to subscribe for a 7-day screening period to detect AF. Screening was performed through an application that uses photo-plethysmography (PPG) technology by exploiting a smartphone camera. Participants received instructions on how to perform correct measurements twice daily, with notifications pushed through the application’s software. In case of heart rhythm irregularities, raw PPG signals underwent secondary offline analysis to confirm a final diagnosis. From 12 328 readers who voluntarily signed up for screening (49 ± 14 years; 58% men), 120 446 unique PPG traces were obtained. Photo-plethysmography signal quality was adequate for analysis in 92% of cases. Possible AF was detected in 136 individuals (1.1%). They were older (P < 0.001), more frequently men (P < 0.001), and had higher body mass index (P = 0.004). In addition, participants who strictly adhered to the recommended screening frequency (i.e. twice daily) were more often diagnosed with possible AF (1.9% vs. 1.0% in individuals who did not adhere; P = 0.008). Symptoms of palpitations, confusion, and shortness of breath were more frequent in case of AF (P < 0.001). The cumulative diagnostic yield for possible AF increased from 0.4% with a single heart rhythm assessment to 1.4% with screening during the entire 7-day screening period. Conclusion Mass screening for AF using only a smartphone with dedicated application based on PPG technology is feasible and attractive because of its low cost and logistic requirements.
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Kaligis, Gabrieldo Dann Mark. "THE CUSTOMER TESTIMONIAL REVIEW OF OPPO SMARTPHONE USER IN MANADO." Jurnal EMBA : Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi 10, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.35794/emba.v10i2.40193.
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The purpose of this research is to know The Customer Testimonial Review of Smartphone Brand at OPPO user in Manado. In accordance to achieve the purpose of this research, the testimonial was interviewed to 21 informants of OPPO Smartphone user. An in-depth interview is an unstructured one-to-one discussion session between a trained interview and a respondent, (Hair, Money, and Samouel, 2007). Based on the research result and discussion following conclusions can be drawn: most informants are satisfied with the OPPO smartphone, based on the features, performance, camera quality, design, sound, and comparable to its price. But one of the informant complain about the casing frame that easily peeled of and the unlock button are easily broken.
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Bernardino, Rodrigo, Rafael Dueire Lins, and Ricardo da Silva Barboza. "A Quality, Size and Time Assessment of the Binarization of Documents Photographed by Smartphones." Journal of Imaging 9, no. 2 (February 13, 2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9020041.
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Smartphones with an in-built camera are omnipresent today in the life of over eighty percent of the world’s population. They are very often used to photograph documents. Document binarization is a key process in many document processing platforms. This paper assesses the quality, file size and time performance of sixty-eight binarization algorithms using five different versions of the input images. The evaluation dataset is composed of deskjet, laser and offset printed documents, photographed using six widely-used mobile devices with the strobe flash off and on, under two different angles and four shots with small variations in the position. Besides that, this paper also pinpoints the algorithms per device that may provide the best visual quality-time, document transcription accuracy-time, and size-time trade-offs. Furthermore, an indication is also given on the “overall winner” that would be the algorithm of choice if one has to use one algorithm for a smartphone-embedded application.
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Yeates, Karen E., Jessica Sleeth, Wilma Hopman, Ophira Ginsburg, Katharine Heus, Linda Andrews, Mary Rose Giattas, et al. "Evaluation of a Smartphone-Based Training Strategy Among Health Care Workers Screening for Cervical Cancer in Northern Tanzania: The Kilimanjaro Method." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 6 (December 2016): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2015.001768.
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Purpose Almost nine of 10 deaths resulting from cervical cancer occur in low-income countries. Visual inspection under acetic acid (VIA) is an evidence-based, cost-effective approach to cervical cancer screening (CCS), but challenges to effective implementation include health provider training costs, provider turnover, and skills retention. We hypothesized that a smartphone camera and use of cervical image transfer for real-time mentorship by experts located distantly across a closed user group through a commercially available smartphone application would be both feasible and effective in enhancing VIA skills among CCS providers in Tanzania. Methods We trained five nonphysician providers in semirural Tanzania to perform VIA enhanced by smartphone cervicography with real-time trainee support from regional experts. Deidentified images were sent through a free smartphone application on the available mobile telephone networks. Our primary outcomes were feasibility of using a smartphone camera to perform smartphone-enhanced VIA and level of agreement in diagnosis between the trainee and expert reviewer over time. Results Trainees screened 1,072 eligible women using our methodology. Within 1 month of training, the agreement rate between trainees and expert reviewers was 96.8%. Providers received a response from expert reviewers within 1 to 5 minutes 48.4% of the time, and more than 60% of the time, feedback was provided by regional expert reviewers in less than 10 minutes. Conclusion Our method was found to be feasible and effective in increasing health care workers’ skills and accuracy. This method holds promise for improved quality of VIA-based CCS programs among health care providers in low-income countries.
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Kashevnik, Alexey, Mikhail Kruglov, Igor Lashkov, Nikolay Teslya, Polina Mikhailova, Evgeny Ripachev, Vladislav Malutin, Nikita Saveliev, and Igor Ryabchikov. "Human Psychophysiological Activity Estimation Based on Smartphone Camera and Wearable Electronics." Future Internet 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12070111.
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This paper presents a study related to human psychophysiological activity estimation based on a smartphone camera and sensors. In recent years, awareness of the human body, as well as human mental states, has become more and more popular. Yoga and meditation practices have moved from the east to Europe, the USA, Russia, and other countries, and there are a lot of people who are interested in them. However, recently, people have tried the practice but would prefer an objective assessment. We propose to apply the modern methods of computer vision, pattern recognition, competence management, and dynamic motivation to estimate the quality of the meditation process and provide the users with objective information about their practice. We propose an approach that covers the possibility of recognizing pictures of humans from a smartphone and utilizes wearable electronics to measure the user’s heart rate and motions. We propose a model that allows building meditation estimation scores based on these parameters. Moreover, we propose a meditation expert network through which users can find the coach that is most appropriate for him/her. Finally, we propose the dynamic motivation model, which encourages people to perform the practice every day.
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Tamang, Lakpa Dorje, and Byung Wook Kim. "Spectral Domain-Based Data-Embedding Mechanisms for Display-to-Camera Communication." Electronics 10, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040468.
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Recently, digital displays and cameras have been extensively used as new data transmission and reception devices in conjunction with optical camera communication (OCC) technology. This paper presents three types of frequency-based data-embedding mechanisms for a display-to-camera (D2C) communication system, in which a commercial digital display transmits information and an off-the-shelf smartphone camera receives it. For the spectral embedding, sub-band coefficients obtained from a discrete cosine transform (DCT) image and predetermined embedding factors of three embedding mechanisms are used. This allows the data to be recovered from several types of noises induced in wireless optical channels, such as analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion, rotation, scaling, and translation (RST) effects, while also maintaining the image quality to normal human eyes. We performed extensive simulations and real-world D2C experiments using several performance metrics. Through the analysis of the experimental results, it was shown that the proposed method can be considered as a suitable candidate for the D2C system in terms of the achievable data rate (ADR), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and the bit error rate (BER).
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Aprilliani, Fenny, Dheni Atmiasih, and Andika Ristiono. "THE EVALUATION OF AVOCADO (Persea americana Mill.) MATURITY LEVEL USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY." Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian 18, no. 1 (June 8, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpasca.v18n1.2021.1-8.
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<p>The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between the maturity level of avocado and color changes using simple device such as smartphone camera. Avocado with 3 different maturity level A1:<80%, A2:80-85%, and A3:>85% were collected from local farmer in Bandungan, Central Java. The quality evaluation was carried out on 99 avocado (weight of 366±16 g) which included the evaluation of mass loss (%), firmness (kg/mm2), total soluble solids (°brix), and color changes (picture of fruit were taken using smartphone camera and analyzed using Photoshop CC 2019 from Adobe and converted into HSI values). The data were analyzed using two-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with factor design are the level of maturity and storage time of the avocado. The results indicated that the maturity level were significantly different (p≤0.05) for mass loss, firmness and total soluble solids (TSS) of avocado during storage. The relationship between maturity level and color changes shows the MAPE (mean absolute percent error) value for hue, saturation, intensity ranges between 3,31-6,11%; 11,12-15,79%<em>, </em>and 6,10-6,49% with the light intensity of 527,77 lux. The results indicate that the image processing on smartphone camera is able to describe the level of maturity based on the color changes of avocado during storage with the same treatment conditions.</p>
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Hartono, Hendri, and Dominikus Nunnun Bonafix. "Fenomena Aplikasi Pengolah Foto Digital pada Ponsel Pintar di Masyarakat Kota." Humaniora 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2015): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v6i1.3298.
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Digital photography has recently developed rapidly. Apart from the development of film media to digital, digital itself develops significantly, especially in media aspect which a camera nowadays is not only used for taking pictures, but also can be implanted in other media, for instance smartphones or tablets. It is very common that mobiles have built-in cameras. The quality of image offered is getting better. The development of smartphone technology has reached to a certain capability to run an operational system as it is in computer media so that there are a lot of softwares or applications created. One of them is an application for photo editing. Photo editing applications in smartphones are created because of the development of applications in social media which is rapidly developed in mobile media. Social media has recently been a need for city people, in the fast and modern society. Social media is a media for interaction. One form of the interactions is photography which many applications in social media offering sharing photos fast and easily so that city people can update any or all activities or through photos which are uploaded in social media. Photo editing applications in smartphones eventually become the most downloaded applications. Therefore, people have more options to try or use various photo editing applications offering instant photo editing to suit their wish.
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López-González, Paula, Iluminada Baturone, Mercedes Hinojosa, and Rosario Arjona. "Evaluation of a Vein Biometric Recognition System on an Ordinary Smartphone." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 3522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073522.
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Nowadays, biometrics based on vein patterns as a trait is a promising technique. Vein patterns satisfy universality, distinctiveness, permanence, performance, and protection against circumvention. However, collectability and acceptability are not completely satisfied. These two properties are directly related to acquisition methods. The acquisition of vein images is usually based on the absorption of near-infrared (NIR) light by the hemoglobin inside the veins, which is higher than in the surrounding tissues. Typically, specific devices are designed to improve the quality of the vein images. However, such devices increase collectability costs and reduce acceptability. This paper focuses on using commercial smartphones with ordinary cameras as potential devices to improve collectability and acceptability. In particular, we use smartphone applications (apps), mainly employed for medical purposes, to acquire images with the smartphone camera and improve the contrast of superficial veins, as if using infrared LEDs. A recognition system has been developed that employs the free IRVeinViewer App to acquire images from wrists and dorsal hands and a feature extraction algorithm based on SIFT (scale-invariant feature transform) with adequate pre- and post-processing stages. The recognition performance has been evaluated with a database composed of 1000 vein images associated to five samples from 20 wrists and 20 dorsal hands, acquired at different times of day, from people of different ages and genders, under five different environmental conditions: day outdoor, indoor with natural light, indoor with natural light and dark homogeneous background, indoor with artificial light, and darkness. The variability of the images acquired in different sessions and under different ambient conditions has a large influence on the recognition rates, such that our results are similar to other systems from the literature that employ specific smartphones and additional light sources. Since reported quality assessment algorithms do not help to reject poorly acquired images, we have evaluated a solution at enrollment and matching that acquires several images subsequently, computes their similarity, and accepts only the samples whose similarity is greater than a threshold. This improves the recognition, and it is practical since our implemented system in Android works in real-time and the usability of the acquisition app is high.
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Ndari, Tria Wulan, Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih, and Yobert Kornelius. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG DIPERTIMBANGKAN KONSUMEN MEMUTUSKAN MEMBELI DAN MENGGUNAKAN SMARTPHONE MEREK OPPO DI KECAMATAN PALU SELATAN." Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Universitas Tadulako (JIMUT) 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/jimut.v1i1.9.
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This study aims to determine factors that consumers consider in buying and using smartphones OPPO in South Palu Sub-district. The sampling technique is Accidental Side by selecting 105 people. The analytical tool is factor analysis. Based on the analysis of 21 indicators, the study finds factors that are considered by the consumers when deciding to buy and use a smartphone brand OPPO are:the first factors includes: promotion and price: X3 (Advertising media TV), X12 (promotions convincing), X14 (Prices are affordable), X15 (the physical form of interest), X17 (service center/customer service); the second factor is product quality that includes: X2 (friends suggestion), X6 (sophisticated feature), X10 (superior camera quality), X11 (good product quality), X21 (correspondence between price and quality); the third factor is lifestyle that includes: X1 (family suggestion), X16 (luxury product design), X19 (unique name and easy to remember), X20 (updated trend). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan konsumen dalam membeli dan menggunakan smartphone OPPO di Kecamatan Palu Selatan. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah Accidental Side dengan memilih 105 orang. Alat analisis adalah analisis faktor. Berdasarkan analisis 21 indikator tersebut, studi ini menemukan faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan konsumen saat memutuskan untuk membeli dan menggunakan merek smartphone OPPO adalah:faktor pertama meliputi: promosi dan harga: X3 (media iklan TV), X12 (promosi yang meyakinkan ), X14 (Harga terjangkau), X15 (bentuk fisik bunga), X17 (service center / customer service); Faktor kedua adalah kualitas produk yang meliputi: X2 (saran teman), X6 (fitur canggih), X10 (kualitas kamera superior), X11 (kualitas produk yang baik), X21 (korespondensi antara harga dan kualitas);Faktor ketiga adalah gaya hidup yang meliputi: X1 (family suggestion), X16 (desain produk mewah), X19 (nama unik dan mudah diingat), X20 (mengikuti trend masa kini).