Academic literature on the topic 'SmartField'
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Journal articles on the topic "SmartField"
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Abreu-Gonzalez, Rodrigo, Marta Gonzalez-Hernandez, Cristina Pena-Betancor, Paloma Rodriguez-Esteve, and Manuel Gonzalez De La Rosa. "New visual field indices of disharmony for early diagnosis of glaucoma, alone or associated with conventional parameters." European Journal of Ophthalmology 28, no. 5 (April 6, 2018): 590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672118762668.
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Purpose: To evaluate the specificity of new perimetric indices based on harmony, alone and in combination with structural data, for glaucoma detection. Methods: In this prospective observational cross-sectional study, one eye of 105 healthy subjects and 97 early and suspect glaucomas were sequentially included and examined with Cirrus optical coherence tomography, twice with OCULUS Smartfield perimeter (SPARK strategy) and twice with Humphrey Analyzer (24-2 SITA-Fast) at the Ophthalmology Department from the University Hospital La Candelaria. Disharmony in the visual field was evaluated including vertical threshold symmetry, threshold rank), and homogeneity (threshold standard deviation from its maximum) using the patient himself/herself as a reference. We also evaluated disharmony in combination with the mean deviation and the pattern standard deviation in a single index (mismatch) and various combinations of morphological and functional indices. Combinations used a new score based on values above certain critical cut-off levels of each index. Results: For 95% specificity, the highest sensitivities were as follows: vertical cup/disc ratio: 28.9%; SPARK threshold rank: 29.9%; and SITA-Fast threshold standard deviation: 28.9%. For the combined indices and 100% specificity, they were 5 SPARK indices mismatch: 10.3%; 5 SITA-Fast indices mismatch: 11.3%; 8 optical coherence tomography indices: 21.9%; 13 SPARK and optical coherence tomography indices: 27.8%; and 13 SITA-Fast and optical coherence tomography indices: 32.0%. Conclusion: Disharmony combined with normative value-based indices and/or optical coherence tomography indices is useful for very specific early diagnosis of glaucoma.
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Haines, Matthew, Piyush Mehrotra, and John Van Rosendale. "SmartFiles." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 30, no. 10 (October 17, 1995): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/217839.217882.
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Abdelkader, Ayat, Eduard Preis, and Cornelia M. Keck. "SmartFilm Tablets for Improved Oral Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091918.
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(1) Background: Numerous oral drugs exhibit limited bioavailability due to their poor solubility and poor intestinal permeability. The smartFilm technology is an innovative approach that improves the drug aqueous solubility via incorporating the drug in an amorphous state into a cellulose-based matrix, i.e., paper. smartFilms can be transformed into a free-flowing physical form (i.e., paper granules) that can be compressed into tablets with optimum physico-chemical and pharmaceutical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate if smartFilm tablets are suitable for improved oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. (2) Methods: Curcumin is a poorly soluble drug with low intestinal permeability and was used for the production of curcumin-loaded smartFilms. The curcumin-loaded smartFilms were transferred into smartFilm granules which were then compressed into curcumin-loaded smartFilm tablets. The tablets were characterized regarding their physico-chemical and pharmaceutical properties, and the intestinal permeability of curcumin was determined with the ex vivo porcine intestinal model. The ex vivo intestinal permeability of curcumin from the smartFilm tablets was compared to a physical mixture of curcumin and paper and to a classical and to an innovative commercial product, respectively. (3) Results: The produced curcumin-loaded smartFilm tablets fulfilled the European Pharmacopoeia requirements, incorporated curcumin in amorphous state within the cellulose matrix and exhibited an enhanced dissolution rate. The ex vivo intestinal permeation data were shown to correlate to the in vitro dissolution data. The ex vivo intestinal permeation of curcumin from the smartFilm tablets was about two-fold higher when compared to the physical mixture and the classical commercial product. No differences in the ex vivo bioavailability were found between the smartFilm tablets and the innovative commercial product. (4) Conclusions: smartFilm tablets are a cost-effective and industrially feasible formulation approach for the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs, i.e., BCS class II and IV drugs.
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Abdelkader, Ayat, Laura Nallbati, and Cornelia M. Keck. "Improving the Bioactivity of Norfloxacin with Tablets Made from Paper." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020375.
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(1) Background: Many drugs possess poor bioavailability, and many strategies are available to overcome this issue. In this study, smartFilm technology, i.e., a porous cellulose matrix (paper), in which the active compound can be loaded onto in an amorphous state was utilised for oral administration to improve the solubility and bioactivity of a poorly soluble BSC class IV antibiotic. (2) Methods: Norfloxacin was used as the model drug and loaded into commercially available paper. The resulting norfloxacin-loaded smartFilms were transformed into smartFilm granules via wet granulation and the resulting norfloxacin-loaded smartFilm granules were transformed into norfloxacin-loaded tablets made from paper, i.e., smartFilm tablets. The crystalline state of norfloxacin was investigated, as well as the pharmaceutical properties of the granules and the tablets. The bioactivity of the smartFilm tablets was assessed in vitro and ex vivo to determine the antibacterial activity of norfloxacin. The results were compared to a physical mixture tablet that contained non-loaded paper granules and equal amounts of norfloxacin as a crystalline powder. (3) Results: Norfloxacin-loaded smartFilm granules and norfloxacin-loaded smartFilm tablets contained norfloxacin in an amorphous state, which resulted in an improved and faster release of norfloxacin when compared to the physical mixture tablet. The bioactivity was up to three times higher when compared to the physical mixture tablet. The ex vivo model was demonstrated to be a useful tool that allows for a fast and cost-effective discrimination between “good” and “bad” formulations. It provides realistic physiological conditions and can therefore yield meaningful, additional biopharmaceutical information that cannot be assessed in classical in vitro experiments. (4) Conclusions: smartFilm tablets are a promising, universal, industrially feasible and cost-effective formulation strategy for improved solubility and enhanced bioactivity of poorly soluble drugs.
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Eckert, Ralph W., Sabrina Wiemann, and Cornelia M. Keck. "Improved Dermal and Transdermal Delivery of Curcumin with SmartFilms and Nanocrystals." Molecules 26, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061633.
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Poor aqueous solubility of active compounds is a major issue in today’s drug delivery. In this study the smartFilm-technology was exploited to improve the dermal penetration efficacy of a poorly soluble active compound (curcumin). Results were compared to the dermal penetration efficacy of curcumin from curcumin bulk suspensions and nanocrystals, respectively. The smartFilms enabled an effective dermal and transdermal penetration of curcumin, whereas curcumin bulk- and nanosuspensions were less efficient when the curcumin content was similar to the curcumin content in the smartFilms. Interestingly, it was found that increasing numbers of curcumin particles within the suspensions increased the passive dermal penetration of curcumin. The effect is caused by an aqueous meniscus that is created between particle and skin if the dispersion medium evaporates. The connecting liquid meniscus causes a local swelling of the stratum corneum and maintains a high local concentration gradient between drug particles and skin. Thus, leading to a high local passive dermal penetration of curcumin. The findings suggest a new dermal penetration mechanism for active compounds from nano-particulate drug delivery systems, which can be the base for the development of topical drug products with improved penetration efficacy in the future.
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Abdelkader, Ayat, Christoph Moos, Adrien Pelloux, Marcus Pfeiffer, Christian Alter, Stefan Kolling, and Cornelia M. Keck. "Tablets Made from Paper—An Industrially Feasible Approach." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 10 (September 26, 2022): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15101188.
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Many orally administrated drugs exhibit poor bioavailability due to their limited solubility. The smartFilm technology is an innovative approach to improve the drug aqueous solubility, where the drug is embedded within the matrix of cellulose-based paper in an amorphous state, hence increasing its solubility. Despite its proven effectiveness, smartFilms, i.e., pieces of paper, exhibit limited flowability and are not easy to swallow, and thus oral administration is not convenient. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge of their mechanical behavior under compression. This study aimed to transform unloaded smartFilms, i.e., paper, into a flowable physical form and investigated its mechanical behavior when compressed. Granules made of paper were prepared via wet granulation and were compressed into tablets. The influence of using different amounts and forms of sucrose, as a binder, on the pharmaceutical properties of the produced granules and tablets was studied and the most suitable composition was identified by using instrumented die experiments. For this, the Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus were determined for different compaction force levels and the deformation behavior was estimated with the Heckel mathematical model. All granule batches showed good flowability with angle of repose values between 25–35°. Granule batches with ≤30% dry sucrose content produced tablets that fulfilled the European Pharmacopeia requirements, and the compaction behavior of the granules was found to be comparable to the behavior of classical binders and compression enhancers. Paper can be transferred into granules. These granules can be used as suitable intermediate products for the production of tablets made of paper in large, industrial scale.
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Galván Chacón, V., D. Patrocinio Caballero, B. Pagador Carrasco, M. Duarte León, and F. Sánchez Margallo. "EFFECTIVE POROSITY OF 3D PRINTED SURGICAL MESHES." British Journal of Surgery 110, Supplement_1 (January 4, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjs/znac443.025.
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Abstract Introduction According to previous studies, pore size and geometry are crucial factors to assure good clinical results for surgical meshes [refs]. Although commercial surgical meshes are commonly knitted, 3D printing has recently been used to provide additional properties to them [refs]. In general, the mechanical properties of 3D printed meshes are worse, but geometrical control is better than in knitted ones. In this study, a comparison of effective porosity between knitted and 3D printed surgical meshes was performed. Methods Pore size and geometry were characterized through optical brightfield microscopy (Nikon E100) and quantified using ImageJ v.1.53e. Several geometries of 3D printed meshes with polypropylene (Prusa i3 MK3 and Smartfil filament) and commercial polypropylene Assumesh meshes (Assut Europe) were evaluated. The 3D printed geometries were triangular and honeycomb while the commercial meshes were knitted. Results 32.38, 18.65 and 17.26% of the total area of the commercial, triangular and honeycomb meshes were porous, respectively. Although effective porosity was homogeneous on commercial meshes (2.71±0.07 mm2), pore size was smaller in honeycomb (0.088±0.071 mm2) and bigger in triangular (0.201±0.063 mm2) than in commercial meshes (0.105±0.030 mm2). Conclusions Some imperfections are generated during the extrusion of filaments that contributes to non-uniform pores in 3D printed meshes. Hence, a post-processing of meshes will be recommended to take advantage of the higher precision of 3D printing.
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Shrestha, Sulena, Onur Baser, Xinxiang Zhou, and W. J. Kwong. "Abstract TMP102: Inappropriate Dosing of Oral Anticoagulants among Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation." Stroke 48, suppl_1 (February 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.tmp102.
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Introduction: Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are fixed dose regimens indicated for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients. Dose adjustment is necessary in patients with renal insufficiency to optimize efficacy and safety. Objective: To assess NOAC dosing appropriateness and its effect on clinical outcomes in NVAF patients. Methods: Adult NVAF patients with ≥1 NOAC claim from 1/1/2013 to 12/31/2014, who were continuously enrolled for ≥12 months after index NOAC claim and had a documented creatinine clearance (CrCl) within 3 months before index date in the Optum/Humedica SmartFile™ database were eligible. NOAC dosage was classified as inappropriate or appropriate by level of renal function, age, and body weight per U.S prescribing information (USPI). Cox proportional models were used to assess the risks of bleeding and stroke associated with inappropriate NOAC dosing while adjusting for baseline characteristics. Results: Of the 388 eligible patients, 69 (17.8%) were inappropriately dosed. Rivaroxaban was the most commonly prescribed NOAC and had the highest inappropriate dosing rate (19.9% of 251 pts), followed by dabigatran (15.5% of 58 pts), and apixaban (12.7% of 79 pts). Most inappropriately dosed patients (73.9%) were under-dosed. Inappropriately dosed patients were older (p<0.0001), more likely to be female (p=0.008), had body weight ≤60kg (p=0.005), higher mean CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc scores (4.3 vs. 3.1, p<0.001), and higher mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (3.7 vs. 2.4, p<0.001). Inappropriately dosed patients had higher bleeding risk (15.9% vs. 5.6%, p=0.003) and similar stroke risk (7.2% vs. 5.3%, p=0.483) compared to appropriately dosed patients. Over-treated patients had a higher elevated risk of bleeding relative to appropriately dosed patients (HR=5.4, p=0.006) than under-dosed patients (HR=3.1, p=0.025). Risks of stroke for under-treated patients (HR=2.1, p=0.259) and over-treated patients (HR=0.6, p=0.690) were similar to appropriately dosed patients. Conclusion: Inappropriate dosing occurred in both patients with normal and insufficient renal function. Consideration of other factors beyond renal function is necessary to reduce bleeding risk associated with NOAC therapy.
Books on the topic "SmartField"
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Smartfiles, an OO approach to data file interoperability. Hampton, VA: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 1995.
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Piyush, Mehrotra, Van Rosendale John R, and Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering., eds. Smartfiles, an OO approach to data file interoperability. Hampton, VA: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 1995.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "SmartField"
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Haines, Matthew, Piyush Mehrotra, and John Van Rosendale. "SmartFiles." In the tenth annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/217838.217882.
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