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Journal articles on the topic 'Smart-Parking'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Mohammad, Alamgir. "Smart Parking System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 5 (May 31, 2018): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.5011.

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Suruthi, Mano. "Smart Parking System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 2966–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.3649.

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Lotlikar, Tejal, Minla Chandrahasan, Ankita Mahadik, Madhusmita Oke, and Anjali Yeole. "Smart Parking Application." International Journal of Computer Applications 149, no. 9 (September 15, 2016): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2016911529.

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Shetty, Yashaswi. "Smart Parking System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 2286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.3363.

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5

Elavarasi, R., and P. K. Senthilkumar. "Smart Car Parking." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 10, no. 9 (February 1, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2017/v10i9/111018.

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6

Ohlig, Benedikt, Erwin Michels, and Dirk Kesselgruber. "Smart Parking Brake." ATZ - Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift 110, no. 6 (June 2008): 524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03221987.

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Bharathi, V. C. "Smart Parking System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 20, 2021): 1823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36746.

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In the modern age, many people have vehicles. Vehicle is now a primary need. Every place is under process of urbanization. There are many supermarkets and shopping centers etc. There are many creative places where people used to go for refreshing and relaxation. All these places are full of with people so they need a parking space where people can park their vehicles safely and easily. Every parking area needs a website or system that records the detail of vehicles to give the parking facility. With the help of iot based system we can deliver a good service to users/people who wants to park their vehicles into organization’s premises. Present days in parking areas they just maintain the vehicles just with tokens and they have records of vehicle details in books so that during some critical situations like police enquiry of terrorist car or vehicle missing that case it is difficult to find the details of particular vehicle. But with our parking management system it is easy to find within 1 to 2 seconds. By parking the vehicle in public place the vehicle can be claimed by other person but in this case there is no such problem and no need to give fine for anything we can park our vehicle with securely.

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Kumar, Madhumita Manish, and Geetanjali Yatnalkar. "Smart Parking System." International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Nano Technology 4, no. 6 (September 30, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijaent.d0463.094621.

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Smart Parking System is based on Internet of Things technology and Android Application which enables the customer to view the available parking spaces and also book the parking space.Therefore, the project aimed at designing a system that will enable the customers to book the parking slot at their convenience.The data for functional, non-functional and system requirements were collected. This data was used to prepare the UML diagrams such as the Entity Relationship Diagram. This system was implemented using different IOT tools like IR sensors and also includes mobile application development for creating interfaces for booking parking slots.

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UI-Haque, Mohammad Naved. "Vehicles: Smart Parking Application." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 5 (May 31, 2018): 606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.5101.

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Dhakne, Sunil, Umakant Kengar, Prof Suryawanshi R.S., Abhishek Bhagat, and Avishkar Chavan. "Smart Car Parking System." IJARCCE 5, no. 12 (December 30, 2016): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijarcce.2016.51255.

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Belhekar, Nikhil, Vishakha Dhamdhere, and Prof Ravikiran Suryawanshi. "Smart Parking Using Lifi." IJARCCE 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijarcce.2018.71136.

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12

Pomaji, Amol, Suraj Boinwad, Shrikant Wankhede, Pushpendra Singh, and Bhagyashree Dhakulkar. "Smart Parking Management System." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 1204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v7i5.12041208.

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13

Krishna Chaitanya, Vemula, Mamidi Sri Harsha, Lanka Maneesh Kumar, Vankadari Rahul, Palem Goutham Kumar Reddy, and Abhishek Kumar. "Smart Parking Management System." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 796, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/796/1/012014.

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14

Mendoza-Silva, Germán Martín, Michael Gould, Raul Montoliu, Joaquín Torres-Sospedra, and Joaquín Huerta. "An Occupancy Simulator for a Smart Parking System: Developmental Design and Experimental Considerations." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8050212.

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This paper presents the development of a parking occupancy simulator to support a smart parking system. The simulator uses an agent-based approach to model drivers who follow activity plans and who may or may not use the smart parking system. We illustrate how the process of developing our simulator helped in the design and implementation of the smart parking system components. The paper also shows how the simulator was used to study the possible usage of the smart parking system in a university campus, foreseeing (1) support for the smart parking system’s overall suitability, (2) reservation guarantee violation problems, and (3) the value of using total traveled distance as a metric for the smart parking evaluation. The experience presented in this paper may prove valuable to teams planning the development of a smart parking system for similar contexts.

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15

Garikapati, Sridevi, and S. Sarath Chandra. "Automated Unauthorized Parking Detector with Smart Vehicle Parking." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 12, no. 26 (July 1, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i26/145567.

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16

Surpris, Glenn, Dahai Liu, and Dennis Vincenzi. "How Much Can a Smart Parking System Save You?" Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 22, no. 4 (October 2014): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1064804614526202.

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We conducted this study to investigate the effect of smart parking systems on parking search times in large parking lots. Smart parking systems are systems that provide real-time parking spot availability information to drivers. We used discrete event simulation to model a university parking lot and estimate how much time could be saved without physically implementing a system for experimentation. We found that smart parking systems can reduce search times by an average of 11 s. This shows potential for a multi-lot smart parking system that might save a larger amount of time and reduce harmful vehicle emissions.

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17

Sathya, V., Bheemanadham, Surya Sai, Arpit Tharad, Ayush Kumar, Suraj Kumar, and Utkarsh Verma. "Cloud Based Smart Parking System." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8404.

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Lately, the idea of brilliant urban communities has increased awesome notoriety. Parking becomes one of the tedious tasks in our day to day life. Many efforts have been done in this field to solve parking based problems like traffic congestion, limited parking space, high parking charges, and the most basic problem is to find nearby parking space. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm that increases the efficiency of the current cloud-based smart parking system and develops a network architecture based on Internet-Of-Things technology. Our proposed system helps users automatically find a free parking space at the least cost based on new performance metrics to calculate the user parking cost by considering the distance from the user to parking area and the total number of free places in each car park. A mobile application is provided that navigate the user to the free parking space based on the efficiency based on distance and cost. This cost will be utilized to offer an answer of finding an accessible parking spot upon a demand by the client and an answer of proposing another car park if the present park is full.

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18

Atiqur, Rahman. "iPark: automated smart parking system." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v10.i2.pp107-114.

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Parking problems became ubiquitous and are growing at an alarming rate in every major city. It causes parking problems which cause a trafficjam, driver’s frustration, and pollution. One time we visit differentpublic places for example shopping center, multiplex movies hall & lodging house during carnivals or holidays, it makes the added parking difficult. Checking out a parking lot results in 40% to 50% of traffic jams. Due to this, car parking, in turn, causes the traffic issue. There are some problems associated with car parking like the way to control the amount of the car within the parking zone, monitoring the movement of the car in/outside of the parking zone, check whether there's an area inside for more cars or not and therefore the safety to park. This paper proposes an answer for these problems using the concept of the web of Things. iParkisa fully automated system that senses the entry and exit of a car, displays the entire number of cars parked within the parking zone on screen, and the way many free spaces are available within the parking lot.

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19

Kumar, H. Venkatesh. "IOT Based Smart Parking System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 15, 2021): 1311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36599.

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In This project we are designing an IoT based Smart parking system that integrates with mobile Application. It provides a comprehensive parking solution both for the user and owner of the parking space. Features are provided for reserving a parking space, authenticating a reserved user, identifying nearest free space depending on the size of the vehicle, navigating to the parking slot and computes accounts information on daily, weekly and monthly basis. IR sensors are used to identify if a parking spot is free. Availability of a free slot with its location information is transmitted using WIFI module technology, microcontroller and wireless communication technology to the server and is retrieved though a mobile application. RFID tag attached to a vehicle is used to authenticate a user who reserves the parking slot on an hourly, daily, weekly or monthly basis. A scheduling algorithm is used to identify the nearest free slot based on the size of a vehicle. The owner of the parking space can get the analytics of the number of free and available slots for a given period, the occupancy rate on week days and weekend and the amount collected for a given period and can use it for fixing variable parking fees. The mobile application is designed to provide rich customer experience.

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20

H S, Annapurna, Spoorthi N, Samved Purohit, Sanjeev Kumar, and Divya M N. "Smart Parking System with IoT involving Disciplined parking mechanism." International Journal of Innovative Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering 3, no. 12 (June 1, 2020): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.29027/ijirase.v3.i12.2020.564-568.

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21

Soegoto, E. S., V. Y. Pamungkas, and A. Herdiawan. "Designing Smart Parking Application for Car Parking Space Arrangement." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 407 (September 26, 2018): 012185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/407/1/012185.

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22

Misra, Prasant, Arunchandar Vasan, Balasubramaniam Krishnan, Venkatachari Raghavan, and Anand Sivasubramaniam. "The Future of Smart Parking Systems with Parking 4.0." GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications 23, no. 1 (July 24, 2019): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3351422.3351426.

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23

Madhavi, Dr K., Naveen Kandulu, Ravada Mohan Rao, Susmitha Manimala Vandrasi, and Gonthina Kumar Swamy. "Smart Parking System Using IoT." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Multidisciplinary Physical Sciences 8, no. 3 (June 5, 2020): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37082/ijirmps.2020.v08i03.004.

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24

Frikha, Tarek, Hedi Choura, Najmeddine Abdennour, Oussama Ghorbel, and Mohamed Abid. "ESP2: Embedded Smart Parking Prototype." Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal 5, no. 6 (December 2020): 1569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25046/aj0506188.

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25

Saxena, Aman. "Piezoelectric based Smart Parking System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 5 (May 31, 2020): 2517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.5417.

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26

Chillarge10.22214/ijraset.2019.4001, Geetha. "smart parking system using IOT." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 1032–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.4186.

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27

ha Deoghare, Pallavi Mane, Rad. "Android based Smart Parking System." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering 03, no. 05 (May 30, 2015): 3981–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15680/ijircce.2015.0305035.

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28

A. Elsonbaty, Amira, and Mahmoud Shams. "The Smart Parking Management System." International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 12, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcsit.2020.12405.

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29

Shaheen, Susan A., and Charlene Kemmerer. "Smart Parking Linked to Transit." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2063, no. 1 (January 2008): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2063-09.

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30

Diaz Ogás, Mathias Gabriel, Ramon Fabregat, and Silvana Aciar. "Survey of Smart Parking Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 3872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113872.

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The large number of vehicles constantly seeking access to congested areas in cities means that finding a public parking place is often difficult and causes problems for drivers and citizens alike. In this context, strategies that guide vehicles from one point to another, looking for the most optimal path, are needed. Most contributions in the literature are routing strategies that take into account different criteria to select the optimal route required to find a parking space. This paper aims to identify the types of smart parking systems (SPS) that are available today, as well as investigate the kinds of vehicle detection techniques (VDT) they have and the algorithms or other methods they employ, in order to analyze where the development of these systems is at today. To do this, a survey of 274 publications from January 2012 to December 2019 was conducted. The survey considered four principal features: SPS types reported in the literature, the kinds of VDT used in these SPS, the algorithms or methods they implement, and the stage of development at which they are. Based on a search and extraction of results methodology, this work was able to effectively obtain the current state of the research area. In addition, the exhaustive study of the studies analyzed allowed for a discussion to be established concerning the main difficulties, as well as the gaps and open problems detected for the SPS. The results shown in this study may provide a base for future research on the subject.

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31

Chen, Xiao, and Nianzu Liu. "Smart Parking by Mobile Crowdsensing." International Journal of Smart Home 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2016): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsh.2016.10.2.21.

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32

Mustari Syafiq Ismail, Mohd, Muzammil Jusoh, Thennarasan Sabapathy, Mohamed Nasrun Osman, Hasliza Abdul Rahim, Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin, and Ainur Fasihah Mohd Fazilah. "IoT Based Smart Parking System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1424 (December 2019): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1424/1/012021.

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33

Aldayan, Yasser, Abdulkareem Alghamdi, Khalid Alotaiby, and Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar. "Smart virtual parking mobile application." Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 39, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02522667.2017.1372147.

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34

Rao, Rama Chandra, SaquibRaza A Pantoji, Deepika Sogi, Tehniyatara M Momin, and Pushpavati A Kabbalagi. "SMART CAR PARKING USING QRCODE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RECENT TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & RESEARCH 5, no. 4 (2019): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23883/ijrter.2019.5038.xtqd3.

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35

Duggal, Kavisha, Lovi Raj, and Sravani Ammu. "Gamification Leads to Smart Parking." International Journal of Computer Applications 144, no. 10 (June 17, 2016): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2016910444.

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36

Singh, Sandeep. "AMI based Smart Parking System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 1108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.33860.

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37

Tian, Yuan Yuan, and Xin Xu. "Design and Application of Virtual Parking Management Platform Based on LabVIEW." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.530.

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Intelligent parking management development platform based on LabVIEW imitates parking access control system, smart regional guidance system, parking information inquiry system and alarm information inquiry system. The system achieves kinds of functions, such as fast access, time charges, intelligent guidance, security alarm and so on. The development platform for intelligent parking management system can be applied to develop new features for the system. The platform simulates that the parking system combines the Internet of Things technology using the LabVIEW database connectivity tools package. It can develop new functions including urban parking guidance and smart reverse seeking cars in adapt to smart city development.

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38

Chien, Chi-Fang, Hui-Tzu Chen, and Chi-Yi Lin. "A Low-Cost On-Street Parking Management System Based on Bluetooth Beacons." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 4559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164559.

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In recent years, many city governments around the world have begun to use information and communication technology to increase the management efficiency of on-street parking. Among various experimental smart parking projects, deployment of wireless magnetic sensors and smart parking meters are quite common. However, using wireless magnetic sensors can only detect the occupancy of parking spaces without the knowledge of who are currently using these parking spaces; human labor is still needed to issue the parking bills. In contrast, smart parking meters based on image recognition can detect the occupancy of parking spaces along with the license plate numbers, but the cost of deploying smart parking meters is relatively high. In this research, we investigate the feasibility of building an on-street parking management system mainly based on low-cost Bluetooth beacons. Specifically, beacon transmitters are installed in the vehicles, and beacon receivers are deployed along the roadside parking spaces. By processing the received beacon signals using Kalman filter, our system can detect the occupancy of parking spaces as well as the identification of the vehicles. Although distance estimation using the received signal strength is not accurate, our experiments show that it suffices for correct detection of parking occupancy.

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39

D.P., Prof Salapurkar, Karan Dalal, Saurabh Mantri, Devesh Bhole, and Vrushali Kurundkar. "Survey Paper on Smart Parking for Smart City." IJARCCE 6, no. 3 (March 30, 2017): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijarcce.2017.6370.

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40

Zhang, Mei Yan, Li Ping Zhou, and Wen Yu Cai. "Smart Parking System Based on Wireless Sensor Network for Large Parking Lots." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.889.

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In China, finding a vacant parking space in a congested area or a large parking lot is always time consuming and frustrating. To minimize hassle and inconvenience to the automatic drivers, this paper proposed a novel smart parking system which consists of many parking sensor nodes and one parking gateway in one large parking lot. Parking sensor node is used as vehicle occupancy detector and parking gateway is used as parking lot manager. All parking sensor nodes compose wireless sensor networks with Zigbee transmission protocol. With the GPRS/3G transmission function of parking gateway, large parking lot can provide friendly parking information to the running vehicles and subscribed users. In a word, the proposed novel smart parking system is provided with innovative and practicability.

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41

Shahzad, Aamir, Jae-young Choi, Naixue Xiong, Young-Gab Kim, and Malrey Lee. "Centralized Connectivity for Multiwireless Edge Computing and Cellular Platform: A Smart Vehicle Parking System." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7243875.

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This study takes an intuitive step to develop the user-convenient smart vehicle parking system (SVPS), a smart system able to manage the massive crowd of vehicles during parking searching and do the better jobs of parking reservation and management, with the shorter-path processing tactics. For that, this study inclusively employed the mapping strategy, where the system parking points are prevalent, to assist the users to get the parking information fast and conveniently. This study is comprised of the several parking points systematically spread over the several locations and traceable over the available graphical map, and the overall information is easily accessible using smart devices. For parking information, a smart web application which is another important module of this study is designed, with which the SVPS system’s registered users are able to access all the services provided for smart vehicle parking searching and reservation in efficient and reliable ways. An integrated network approach, RFID (radio frequency identification) and wireless sensors network (WSN), called RF-WSN, is employed to retrieve the real-time information from the installed and configured sensor devices in RFID-WSN network.

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42

Nasir, M. Z. M., S. Salimin, B. Chan, and S. A. Jumaat. "Prototype development of smart parking system powered by solar photovoltaic." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1229-1235.

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<span>This paper proposed the prototype of smart car parking powered by photovoltaic. There is probability that cars will hit the wall or car out from the parking lot. The main objectives of this research are to determine the power rating and sizing of PV panel suitable for smart car parking system and design an ultrasonic parking sensor circuit to alert any obstacle while parking and development the prototype of smart car parking using PV. Smart car parking consists of distance sensors, LED, Arduino UNO potentiometer, resistors, and Node MCU. Where, Arduino UNO as a microcontroller was coding to receive the signal from the sensor and transmit signal to LED to display the car distance condition. To measure the distance between sensor positions to a car, HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor is used. Whenever a car come near to the sensor within range specified, the red, yellow or green LED will light up and send the condition happening to the smartphone application. The application build-up can display the real situation and the PV system can supply enough electricity to the smart car parking. </span>

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43

Park, Soochang. "D-PARK: User-Centric Smart Parking System over BLE-Beacon Based Internet of Things." Electronics 10, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050541.

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Our daily life services are quickly becoming smarter with intelligence and information through artificial intelligence (AI) and Big Data technologies. Parking services are one of the most frequently used in our daily life-cycle. This parking application could be classified into several features according to demands and properties, such as parking capacity balancing on a city-level view, parking fee maximization for achieving the service provider demand, empty parking spot notification within a parking lot, etc. This paper concentrates on parking space detection and alert to users. Most smart services rely on smart mobile derives of users such as smartphones and smartwatches. The proposed novel mechanism for smart parking is based on a smart device to gather mobile sensing data such as users’ activity and position data. Acquired mobile data are analyzed via machine learning technologies to provide dedicated parking services per user. Based on real testbed setups on campus and the proof-of-concept implementation, the proposed localization can achieve accuracy of a parking spot scale (2m-second guess 95%); moreover, it shows a much lower service operation period of 6.8 times (34s) than the legacy approach (230s).

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44

Balol, Lavanya Anantakumar, and K. Mallamma Byahatti. "Smart Car Parking Monitoring System with Android Application." Bonfring International Journal of Software Engineering and Soft Computing 6, Special Issue (October 31, 2016): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijsesc.8266.

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45

A, Mercy Flora, Deepthi k, Keerthiga Priya UK, Prathisha S, and Raghul Kumar S. "IOT BASED SMART PARKING WITH FLOOD ALERT SYSTEM." International Journal of Current Engineering and Scientific Research 6, no. 6 (June 2019): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijcesr.2019.6.6.45.

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46

Fouad, Walid. "Smart Parking as One of the Smart Cities Mechanisms." Academic Research Community publication 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v3i2.515.

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The study aims at determining the importance of smart parking as one of the basic applications of smart cities; to solve the urgent problems of central business district in the capital cities in the Middle East, which suffer from many problems in traffic and thus negatively effects on quality of life.The study deals with central business district in the city of Cairo, which suffers from serious traffic problems, as a result of the steady increase in demand for parking, especially with the rapid population growth and the absence of places for future expansions.The importance of the study is to develop planning solutions to solve the issue of the paucity of parking area and the problems resulting from them, through intelligent techniques that ensure minimizing the problem and achieve sustainable development.The methodology of the study was based on an analysis of the problem of lack of parking spaces in central business district in Cairo city, its causes, negative results on traffic and quality of life, and analysis of previous studies that dealt with this problem through traditional methods. and the determinants facing the decision maker planning, and ends the study to develop a comprehensive plan for the smart parking of the Central Business District in the city of Cairo as an example.

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47

Kalašová, Alica, Kristián Čulík, Miloš Poliak, and Zuzana Otahálová. "Smart Parking Applications and Its Efficiency." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 6031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116031.

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Parking is a problem in many cities. Usually, it is not possible to build new parking lots due to insufficient available areas. This paper focuses on the parking situation in Slovak city Žilina. The authors carried out an extensive traffic survey in private and city-owned parking lots. Not only were occupancy data collected, but also the opinions of the drivers who parked there. The second half of the paper is based on results from the survey. It includes a proposal of the new intelligent parking system which can improve the efficiency of parking. This system is proposed in flowcharts and also described. The intelligent parking system with guidance to a free parking space can improve the traffic situation in cities. Drivers find a free parking space faster, which reduces congestion and various other negative externalities. On the other hand, the system has high acquisition costs and other problems. These issues of smart parking solutions are also discussed in the paper.

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48

Biyik, Can, Zaheer Allam, Gabriele Pieri, Davide Moroni, Muftah O’Fraifer, Eoin O’Connell, Stephan Olariu, and Muhammad Khalid. "Smart Parking Systems: Reviewing the Literature, Architecture and Ways Forward." Smart Cities 4, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 623–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4020032.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) has come of age, and complex solutions can now be implemented seamlessly within urban governance and management frameworks and processes. For cities, growing rates of car ownership are rendering parking availability a challenge and lowering the quality of life through increased carbon emissions. The development of smart parking solutions is thus necessary to reduce the time spent looking for parking and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The principal role of this research paper is to analyze smart parking solutions from a technical perspective, underlining the systems and sensors that are available, as documented in the literature. The review seeks to provide comprehensive insights into the building of smart parking solutions. A holistic survey of the current state of smart parking systems should incorporate the classification of such systems as big vehicular detection technologies. Finally, communication modules are presented with clarity.

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Coulibaly, Moussa, Ahmed Errami, Sofia Belkhala, and Hicham Medromi. "A Live Smart Parking Demonstrator: Architecture, Data Flows, and Deployment." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071827.

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Smart Parking is essential for any future smart cities due to the tremendous growth of the car fleet. Such infrastructures require a certain amount of equipment. Indeed, smart parking integrates a lot of actors, to manage the parking its equipment must be managed accordingly. Here, is proposed a distributed architecture to manage them by collecting efficiently their data. Two types of data relating to the parking must be collected: those coming from the deployed equipment in the parking and those coming from the internet due to remote users. Thus, a system of two main servers based on the multi-agent concept is proposed. This system manages the parking platform. The first server is dedicated to the parking equipment data collection (Processing Server–PS). The second server (Processing Web Server–PWS) collects the users’ online data such as reservation, and it is responsible for pricing policies, and receive post-processed data from the Processing Server. The parking equipment integrates a lot of commercial solutions, an intelligent multi-platform application based on this two server philosophy is developed and can be used for parking operation by users and parking managers. The flowcharts of the agents from the two mains servers are presented. These flowcharts are currently used in our demonstrator and still under improvements. Here, we present the architecture (hardware and software) of our smart parking demonstrator developed by our department and suitable for the experimentation of our future work related to this hot topic.

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Singh, Joseph Jesawanth, Nanthiine Nair Ravi, and Prajindra Sankar Krishnan. "Iot based Parking Sensor Network for Smart Campus." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22316.

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The difficulty in finding parking spaces is growing into a more serious problem especially in urban areas. As the number of vehicles on the road continues to increase substantially, the difficulty in finding parking spaces increases even more. To combat this rising issue many cities have adopted a more organised and intelligent parking system which is also commonly known as smart parking system. This is to improve the efficiency of locating a parking spot, especially in an urban area. The smart parking system will often have sensors at parking spaces to determine the occupancy of the respective parking space. This occupancy value is relayed to a server by some specific communication protocol. The parking occupancy can then be displayed to the public by a Graphical User Interface (GUI) design which gets the occupancy values from a server. This project simulates the parking sensor network design in a smart campus setting by implementing the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). This project uses ultrasonic sensors that are connected to a NodeMCU microcontroller to send the parking occupancy values to an online database implemented using Google Firebase. A mobile application with a GUI (Graphical User Interface) is also created using MIT App Inventor 2 to display the vacancy of parking by communicating with the online database. The results obtained in this project were promising. The successful implementation of this idea will allow users to save more time and money, not to mention that it can also help reduce carbon emissions from vehicles resulting in a more sustainable environment.

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